Geographical information systems Books

Book SynopsisThis book integrates spatial analysis into the study and management of conflicts, and offers a model in conflict studies that incorporates theoretical explanations of conflict, its causes, and impacts, with a geospatial strategy for intervening in disputes over allocation and use of natural resources (connects theory and practice). Alongside a theoretical analysis of resource conflicts and an account of Participatory Mapping and PGIS development, this book provides a case study of GIS applications in conflict mediation. The book also lays out a practical and straightforward demonstration of PGIS applications in conflict management using a real-world case study, and traces the Participatory Mapping and PGIS movements’ evolution, compares PPGIS and PGIS practices, and makes distinctions between traditional GIS applications and PGIS practice. The approach embodies the enhanced use of spatial information and media, sets of tools for analyzing, mapping, and displaying spatial data and a platform for participatory discussions that enhances consensus-building. The book, therefore, contributes to the search for novel approaches for managing current and emerging conflicts. With this book, resource managers, development practitioners, students, and scholars of Participatory Mapping and PGIS applications and conflict studies will be equipped with the principles, skills, and the tools they need to manage non-violent resource conflicts and keep the disputes from slipping into violence. The book will also be a valuable text for basic and advanced studies in Participatory Mapping and PGIS applications, Conflict Resolution and Conflict Management. Table of ContentsPart1. Sources, impacts, and the perspectives on resource conflicts.- Chapter1. Natural Resources, Conflict of Interests and their Management.- Chapter2. Sources, Impacts and Management of Natural Resources Conflicts.- Chapter3. Perspectives on Natural Resource Conflicts.- Part2. Participatory Mapping and PGIS applications in conflict management.- Chapter4. Participatory Mapping and management of natural resource conflicts.- Chapter5. The Development of Community-based GIS Applications.- Chapter6. The impact of geospatial data processing on conflict-supporting beliefs.- Chapter7. Case study: Participatory mapping and management of conflict of interests over allocation of resources within the Aboma Forest Reserve at Kofiase, Ghana.- Part3. Assessment of Participatory Mapping and PGIS applications in conflict management.- Chapter8. Important factors in successful Participatory Mapping and PGIS applications in conflict management.- Chapter9. Appraisal of the roles of Participatory Mapping and PGIS applications in conflict management.- Chapter10. Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisThis book focuses on the application of geospatial technologies for resource planning and management for the key natural resources, e.g. water, agriculture and forest as well as the decision support system (DSS) for infrastructure development. We have seen in the past four decades that the growing complexities of sustainable management of natural resources management have been very challenging. The book has been written to leverage the current geospatial technologies that integrate the remotely sensed data available from various platforms, the precise locational data providing geospatial intelligence, and the advanced integration tools of Geographical Information Systems (GIS). Geospatial technologies have been used for water resources management employing geomorphological characteristics, analysis of river migration pattern, understanding the large-scale hydrological process, wet land classification and monitoring, analysis of glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF), assessment of environmental flow and soil erosion studies, water quality modelling and assessment and rejuvenation of paleochannels through groundwater recharge. Geospatial technologies have been applied for crop classification and mapping, soil moisture determination using RISAT-1 C-band and PALSAR-2 L-band sensors, inventory of horticulture plantations, management of citrus orchards, crop yield forecasting, rice yield estimation, estimation of evapotranspiration and its evaluation against lysimeter and satellite-based evapotranspiration product for India to address the various issues of the agricultural system management. Geospatial technologies have been used for generation of digital elevation model, urban dynamics assessment, mobile GIS application at grass root level planning, cadastral level developmental planning and e-governance applications, system dynamics for sustainable development, micro-level water resources planning, site suitability for sewage treatment plant, traffic density assessment, geographical indications of India, archaeological applications and disasters interventions to elaborate various issues of DSS for infrastructure development and management. Geospatial technologies have been employed for the generation and reconciliation of the notified forest land boundaries, and also the land cover changes analysis within notified forest areas, forest resource assessment, management and monitoring and wildlife conservation and management. This book aims to present high-quality technical case studies representing the recent developments in the “application of geospatial technologies for resource planning and management”. The editors hope that this book will serve as a valuable resource for scientists and researchers to plan and manage land and water resources sustainably.Table of ContentsGeospatial Technology for Geomorphology Mapping and its Applications.- Geospatial technology for estimation of geomorphological characteristics of an ungauged watershed.- Long Term Analysis of River Migration Pattern using Geospatial Techniques – A case study of upper part of the Ganga River, India.- Space borne Scatterometers for understanding the large-scale land hydrological processes.- Wetland Classification and Monitoring Using Time Series Earth Observation Data and Machine Learning Algorithm: A Case Study in Upper Ganga River Stretch.

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Book SynopsisUtilizing aquifer storage and recovery as a sustainable water supply solution for water-scarce regions in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam.- Water governance and transboundary data sharing in the Lower Mekong Region: a case study of Yali Hydropower Dam, Vietnam.- Diffusion of exhaust gases from waste-to-energy plant: Model and field monitoring.- Assessment of Groundwater Loss from the Holocene Aquifer of the Coastal Sand Dune: A case study in Tuy An, Phu Yen, Vietnam.

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Book Synopsis1 Geospatial Technologies' Basic Concepts and Recent Applications in Natural Resources Management and Decision Support.- 2 Dam-Failure Induced Flood Simulation Modelling and Mapping using Space Technology.- 3 Assessing Drainage Characteristics Through Morphometric Evaluation in the Upper Wabe Shebelle Basin, Ethiopia.- 4 Changing Surface Water Scenario in Jhansi District of Bundelkhand Region.- 5 Hydro-Vegetation Dynamics in Godavari River Sub-Basins.- 6 Groundwater Potential Zoning in The Purulia District, West Bengal.- 7 Modelling and Predicting Forest Dynamics and Their Impacts on Ecosystem Services.- 8 Machine Learning-Based Algorithms for Mapping Mangrove Cover Changes in Mumbai Region Using Google Earth Engine.- 9 Geospatial Technologies' Concepts and Methods for Land-Use Land-Cover Dynamics Mapping.- 10 Mapping Soil Erosion Vulnerability in the Upper Blue Nile River Basin, Ethiopia.- 11 Advancements in Land Use Land Cover Classification.- 12 Assessment of Soil Erosion in Joshimath, Uttarakhand Using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and Machine Learning Approach.- 13 Comparison of Land Use Land Cover Classification Using Sentinel-2 Images with Different Deep Learning Approaches.- 14 Geospatial Techniques for Mapping and Monitoring Land Use Land Cover Change.- 15 Assessment of Salt-Affected Soil Using Remote Sensing-Based Salinity Indices.- 16 Estimating Soil Erosion in Surguja District, Chhattisgarh (India) Using the RUSLE Model and Geo-spatial Techniques.- 17 Benefits of Green and Blue Spaces (GBS) for Heat Mitigation and Emission Reduction in Urban Areas.- 18 Geospatial Techniques to Assess Green Equity in the City of Bhopal, India.- 19 Discriminating Maize and Soyabean in Mixed Cropping Systems Using Unmanned Aerial Systems Datasets and Random Forest.- 20 Chronology of Mangrove Destruction by Pond Expansion in the Mahakam Delta, Indonesia, Using Automatic Mangrove Map and Index (AMMI) and Automatic Shoreline Map (ASM) Index Through the Google Earth Engine Platform.- 21 Applications of Geospatial Technology in Wildfire Studies.- 22 Challenges and Future Opportunities of Geospatial Modelling for Natural Resource Assessment.

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Book SynopsisRecent years in North America have seen a rapid development in the area of crime analysis and mapping using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology. In 1996, the US National Institute of Justice (NIJ) established the crime mapping research center (CMRC), to promote research, evaluation, development, and dissemination of GIS technology. The long-term goal is to develop a fully functional Crime Analysis System (CAS) with standardized data collection and reporting mechanisms, tools for spatial and temporal analysis, visualization of data and much more. Among the drawbacks of current crime analysis systems is their lack of tools for spatial analysis. For this reason, spatial analysts should research which current analysis techniques (or variations of such techniques) that have been already successfully applied to other areas (e.g., epidemiology, location-allocation analysis, etc.) can also be employed to the spatial analysis of crime data. This book presents a few of those cases.Table of ContentsFrom the Contents: Spatial Heterogeneity in Crime Analysis.- When Does a Drug Market Become a Drug Market? Finding the Boundaries of Illicit Event Concentrations.- Convicted Sex Offender Residential Movements.- Street-Level Spatiotemporal Crime Analysis: Examples from Bronx County, NY (2006–2010).- Exploring Spatial Patterns of Crime Using Non-Hierarchical Cluster Analysis.- Reconstitution of the Journeys to Crime and Location of their Origin in the Context of a Crime Series. A Raster Solution for a Real Case Study.- Journey-to-Crime by Gender and Age Group in Manchester, England.- Crime Scene Locations in Criminal Homicides: A Spatial Crime Analysis in a GIS Environment.

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Book SynopsisChapter 1 Introduction.- Chapter 2 Basics of GNSS Signals.- Chapter 3 Characteristics of GNSS Reflected Signals.- Chapter 4 Ground-based GNSS Multipath Reflectometry.- Chapter 5 Interference Technology and Delay Doppler Map.- Chapter 6 GNSS Altimetry Theory and Methods.- Chapter 7 Space-based GNSS Reflectometry Theory.- Chapter 8 Sea Surface Height and Significant Wave Height Estimation.- Chapter 9 Sea Surface Wind Estimation.- Chapter 10 Soil Moisture Remote Sensing.- Chapter 11 Vegetation Remote Sensing.- Chapter 12 Snow and Ice Remote Sensing.- Chapter 13 Monitoring Surface Freeze-Thaw Status.- Chapter 14 Conclusion and Prospects.

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Book SynopsisOver the last fifty years, humanity has developed an extraordinary global utility which is omnipresent, universal, and available to all: the Global Positioning System (GPS). A network of twenty-four satellites and their monitoring stations on Earth, it makes possible almost all modern technology, from the smartphone in your pocket to the Mars rover. Neither the internet nor the cloud would work without it. And it is changing us in profound ways we've yet to come to terms with. While GPS has brought us breathtakingly accurate methods of timekeeping, navigation, and earthquake tracking, our overwhelming reliance on it is having unexpected consequences on our culture, and on ourselves. GPS is reshaping our thinking about privacy and surveillance, and brings with it the growing danger of GPS terrorism. Neuroscientists have even found that using GPS for navigation may be affecting our cognitive maps - possibly rearranging the grey matter in our heads - leading to the increasingly common phenomenon 'Death by GPS', in which drivers blindly follow their devices into deserts, lakes, and impassable mountains. Deeply researched, inventive and with fascinating insights into the way we think about our place in the world, Pinpoint reveals the way that the technologies we design to help us can end up shaping our lives. It is at once a grand history of science and a far-reaching book about contemporary culture.

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Book SynopsisAn authoritative guide to the essential techniques and most recent advances in urban remote sensing Techniques and Methods in Urban Remote Sensing offers a comprehensive guide to the recent theories, methods, techniques, and applications in urban remote sensing. Written by a noted expert on the subject, this book explores the requirements for mapping impervious surfaces and examines the issue of scale. The book covers a range of topics and includes illustrative examples of commonly used methods for estimating and mapping urban impervious surfaces, explains how to determine urban thermal landscape and surface energy balance, and offers information on impacts of urbanization on land surface temperature, water quality, and environmental health. Techniques and Methods in Urban Remote Sensing brings together in one volume the latest opportunities for combining ever-increasing computational power, more plentiful and capable data, and more advanced algorithms. This allows the technologies Table of ContentsPreface ix Synopsis of the Book xiii Acknowledgments xvii About the Author xix 1 Urban Mapping Requirements 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Spectral Resolution Requirement 3 1.3 Temporal Resolution Requirement 6 1.4 Spatial Resolution Requirement 7 1.5 Linear Spectral Mixture Analysis of Urban Landscape 9 1.6 Summary 25 References 26 2 The Scale Issue 33 2.1 Introduction 33 2.2 Urban Land Mapping and Categorical Scale 34 2.3 Observational Scale and Image Scene Models 36 2.4 Operational Scale 40 2.5 Scale Dependency of Urban Phenomena 41 2.6 Summary 46 References 47 3 Building Extraction and Classification 55 3.1 Introduction 55 3.2 Building Reconstruction 56 3.3 Building Classification 64 References 66 4 Estimation and Mapping of Impervious Surfaces 69 4.1 Introduction 69 4.2 Methods for Impervious Surface Extraction 70 4.3 Case Studies 72 4.4 Summary 85 References 85 5 Land Surface Temperature Data Generation 91 5.1 Introduction 91 5.2 Generating Daily Land Surface Temperature by Data Fusion 95 5.3 Reconstructing Consistent LSTs at Landsat Resolution 111 References 121 6 Urban Heat Islands Modeling and Analysis 129 6.1 Introduction 129 6.2 Characterizing UHIs Using a Convolution Model 130 6.3 Object‐Based Extraction of Hot Spots 138 References 146 7 Estimation of Urban Surface Energy Fluxes 151 7.1 Introduction 151 7.2 Data and Methodology 154 7.3 Heat Fluxes in Four Seasons 160 7.4 Heat Fluxes by LULC Type 162 7.5 Extreme Values of Heat Fluxes 164 7.6 Anthropogenic Heat Discharge 166 7.7 Summary 167 References 169 8 Cities at Night 175 8.1 Introduction 175 8.2 Detecting Urban Extent Changes 177 8.3 Spatiotemporal Pattern of Energy Consumption in United States and China 185 References 197 9 Urban Runoff Modeling and Prediction 201 9.1 Introduction 201 9.2 Estimating Composite CN and Simulating Urban Surface Runoff 205 9.3 Surface Water Quality and Urban Land‐Cover Changes 212 References 227 10 Urban Ecology of West Nile Virus 233 10.1 Introduction 233 10.2 Research Background 235 10.3 Effect of Landscape and Socioeconomic Conditions on WNV Dissemination in Chicago 236 10.4 WNV‐Risk Areas in Southern California, 2007–2009 247 References 260 11 Impacts of Urbanization on Land Surface Temperature and Water Quality 267 11.1 Introduction 267 11.2 Impact of Urbanization‐Induced Land‐Use and Land‐Cover Change on LST 269 11.3 Simulating the Impacts of Future Land‐Use and Climate Changes on Surface Water Quality 283 11.4 Summary 299 References 300 12 Remote Sensing of Socioeconomic Attributes 307 12.1 Introduction 307 12.2 Population Estimation Using Landsat ETM+ Imagery 312 12.3 Assessing Urban Environmental Quality Change 322 References 337 Index 343

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Book SynopsisOffers a practical state-of-the-field overview of big data as both a means and an object of research, with essays from prominent and emerging scholars. Part 1 explores how the advent of geoweb technologies and big data sets has influenced some of geography's major subdisciplines. Part 2 addresses how the geographic study of big data has implications for other disciplinary fields.Trade Review"In recent years, big data has been frequently touted as the new reality in research, business, and nearly everything else. This work examines the promise and realities of big data specifically as it relates to geographically referenced information."—J. Cummings, Choice“The drumbeat of ‘big data’ is reorganizing everyday life, for some. This important collection takes the pulse of this hype from the perspective of the discipline of geography, pursuing questions that highlight the peculiarities of this location-based, techno-cultural moment.”—Matthew W. Wilson, associate professor of geography at the University of Kentucky “This collection is a key step along the road from hyperbole to engagement with regard to the significance and impacts of big spatial data. It offers key insights into big spatial data as both means and object of researcher, tracing the socio-spatial and epistemological possibilities and limits of this dynamic phenomenon.”—Sarah Elwood, professor of geography at the University of Washington “Thinking Big Data in Geography delivers vital theoretical and empirical perspectives on the problems and possibilities of spatialized data in both extraordinary circumstances and everyday life.”—Craig Dalton, assistant professor of global studies and geography at Hofstra UniversityTable of ContentsList of Illustrations List of Tables Introduction Jim Thatcher, Andrew Shears, and Josef Eckert Part 1. What Is Big Data and What Does It Mean to Study It? 1. Toward Critical Data Studies: Charting and Unpacking Data Assemblages and Their Work Rob Kitchin and Tracey P. Lauriault 2. Big Data: Why (Oh Why?) This Computational Social Science? David O’Sullivan Part 2. Methods and Praxis in Big Data Research 3. Smaller and Slower Data in an Era of Big Data Renee Sieber and Matthew Tenney 4. Reflexivity, Positionality, and Rigor in the Context of Big Data Research Britta Ricker Part 3. Empirical Interventions 5. A Hybrid Approach to Geotweets: Reading and Mapping Tweet Contexts on Marijuana Legalization and Same-Sex Marriage in Seattle, Washington Jin-Kyu Jung and Jungyeop Shin 6. Geosocial Footprints and Geoprivacy Concerns Christopher D. Weidemann, Jennifer N. Swift, and Karen K. Kemp 7. Foursquare in the City of Fountains: Using Kansas City as a Case Study for Combining Demographic and Social Media Data Emily Fekete Part 4. Urban Big Data: Urban-Centric and Uneven 8. Big City, Big Data: Four Vignettes Jessa Lingel 9. Framing Digital Exclusion in Technologically Mediated Urban Spaces Matthew Kelley Part 5. Talking across Borders 10. Bringing the Big Data of Climate Change Down to Human Scale: Citizen Sensors and Personalized Visualizations in Climate Communication David Retchless 11. Synergizing Geoweb and Digital Humanitarian Research Ryan Burns Part 6. Conclusions 12. Rethinking the Geoweb and Big Data: Future Research Directions Mark Graham Bibliography List of Contributors Index

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Book SynopsisExplains how GIS enhances the development of chemical fate and transport models Over the past decade, researchers have discovered that geographic information systems (GIS) are not only excellent tools for managing and displaying maps, but also useful in the analysis of chemical fate and transport in the environment. Among its many benefits, GIS facilitates the identification of critical factors that drive chemical fate and transport. Moreover, GIS makes it easier to communicate and explain key model assumptions. Based on the author''s firsthand experience in environmental assessment, GIS Based Chemical Fate Modeling explores both GIS and chemical fate and transport modeling fundamentals, creating an interface between the two domains. It then explains how GIS analytical functions enable scientists to develop simple, yet comprehensive spatially explicit chemical fate and transport models that support real-world applications. In addition, the book features:<Table of ContentsPreface xiii Contributors xvii Chapter 1 | Chemicals, Models, and GIS: Introduction 1 1-1 Chemistry, Modeling, and Geography 1 1-2 Mr. Palomar and Models 2 1-3 What Makes a Model Different? 4 1-4 Simple, Complex, or Tiered? 7 Compatibility of Emissions and Concentrations 9 Spatiotemporal Variability 10 Spatial Patterns 12 More Complex Models and the Tale of Horatii and Curiatii 15 1-5 For Whom is this Book Written? 17 References 19 Chapter 2 | Basics of Chemical Compartment Models and Their Implementation with GIS Functions 23 2-1 Introduction 23 2-2 Phase Partitioning 24 Air Compartment 24 Surface Water Compartment 25 Soil Compartment 25 2-3 Diffusion, Dispersion, and Advection 26 2-4 Fluxes at the Interfaces 28 Air–Ground Surface Interface 28 Water–Air and Water–Bottom Sediment Interface 28 Soil–Air and Soil–Water Interface 29 Parameterization of Advection Velocities and Diffusion/Dispersion Rates 29 2-5 Reactions 32 2-6 Transport Within an Environmental Medium: The Advection–Diffusion Equation (ADE) 33 Soils 37 Surface Water 38 Atmosphere 39 2-7 Analytical Solutions 40 Example: The Domenico Model 40 Example: Implementation of a River Plug Flow Model in a Spreadsheet 45 2-8 Box Models, Multimedia and Multispecies Fate and Transport 47 Example: Implementing a Box Model of Soil Contamination and Water Pollution Loading in a Spreadsheet 51 2-9 Spatial Models: Implicit, Explicit, Detailed Explicit, and GIS-Based Schemes 57 References 65 Chapter 3 | Basics of GIS Operations 71 3-1 What is GIS? 71 3-2 GIS Data 72 Coordinate Systems 72 Example: Coordinate Transformation 75 Example: Georeference a Map from a Paper Using ArcGIS 77 GIS Formats 81 3-3 GIS Software 92 3-4 GIS Standards 93 Exercise: Browse and Export Geographic Objects in KML and Combine Them with Layers from a WMS 94 3-5 A Classification of GIS Operations for Chemical Fate Modeling 99 3-6 Spatial Thinking 100 3-7 Beyond GIS 103 3-8 Further Progress on GIS 104 References 104 Chapter 4 | Map Algebra 107 4-1 Map Algebra Operators and Syntaxes 109 4-2 Using Map Algebra to Compute a Gaussian Plume 112 Example: Using Map Algebra to Compute Volatilization Rates from Water Bodies 119 4-3 Using Map Algebra to Implement Isolated Box Models 121 References 124 Chapter 5 | Distance Calculations 127 5-1 Concepts of Distance Calculations 127 Example: Feature Buffering 127 Example: Join Based on Distance 129 5-2 Distance Along a Surface and Vertical Distance 134 5-3 Applications of Euclidean Distance in Pollution Problems 135 5-4 Cost Distance 139 Exercise: Euclidean and Cost distance Calculations 140 References 148 Chapter 6 | Spatial Statistics and Neighborhood Modeling in GIS 149 6-1 Variograms: Analyzing Spatial Patterns 149 Exercise: Computing Variograms of Observed Atmospheric Contaminants 154 6-2 Interpolation 160 6-3 Zonal Statistics 163 6-4 Neighborhood Statistics and Filters 164 Exercise: Creating a Population Map from Point and Polygon Data 169 References 170 Chapter 7 | Digital Elevation Models, Topographic Controls, and Hydrologic Modeling in GIS 171 7-1 Basic Surface Analysis 171 7-2 Drainage 178 Example: Pit Filling, Flow Direction, Flow Accumulation, and Flow Length in ArcGIS 178 Example: Catchment Population in India 183 Example: Travel Time 185 7-3 Using GIS Hydrological Functions in Chemical Fate and Transport Modeling 187 7-4 Non-D8 Methods and the TauDEM Algorithms 190 7-5 ESRI’s ‘‘Darcy Flow’’ and ‘‘Porous Puff’’ Functions 191 References 193 Chapter 8 | Elements of Dynamic Modeling in GIS 195 8-1 Dynamic GIS Models 195 8-2 Studying Time-Dependent Effects With Simple Map Algebra 200 Intermittent Emissions 200 Lagged Release from Historical Stockpiles 201 Stepwise Constant Emission and Removal Processes 202 8-3 Decoupling Spatial and Temporal Aspects of Models: The Mappe Global Approach 203 References 206 Chapter 9 | Metamodeling and Source–Receptor Relationship Modeling in GIS 209 9-1 Introduction 209 9-2 Metamodeling 210 9-3 Source–Receptor Relationships 213 References 215 Chapter 10 | Spatial Data Management in GIS and the Coupling of GIS and Environmental Models 217 10-1 Introduction 217 10-2 Historical Perspective of Emergence of Spatial Databases in Environmental Domain 218 10-3 Spatial Data Management in GIS: Theory and History 221 Spatial Database Definition 221 Relational Data Model Foundations 221 Object Relational Concepts: A Foundation Model for Spatial Databases—Theoretical Background 224 PostgreSQL/PostGIS Object Relational Support 225 Oracle Object Relational Support 225 10-4 Spatial Database Solutions 226 ESRI Geodatabase 226 PostgreSQL and PostGIS 229 Oracle Locator and Spatial 230 10-5 Simple Environmental Spatiotemporal Database Skeleton and GIS: Hands-On Examples 230 Simple PostgreSQL/PostGIS Environmental Spatiotemporal Database Skeleton and QuantumGIS 231 Simple Oracle XE Environmental Spatiotemporal Database Skeleton 237 10-6 Generalized Environmental Spatiotemporal Database Skeleton and Geographic Mashups 244 Spatiotemporal Database Skeleton 244 Geographic Mashup 246 References 249 Chapter 11 | Soft Computing Methods for the Overlaying of Chemical Data with Other Spatially Varying Parameters 253 11-1 Introduction 253 11-2 Fuzzy Logic and Expert Judgment 258 11-3 Spatial Multicriteria Analysis 262 11-4 An Example of Vulnerability Mapping of Water Resources to Pollution 266 References 276 Chapter 12 | Types of Data Required for Chemical Fate Modeling 279 12-1 Climate and Atmospheric Data 280 12-2 Soil Data 286 12-3 Impervious Surface Area 289 12-4 Vegetation 289 12-5 Hydrological Data 291 12-6 Elevation Data 293 12-7 Hydrography 296 12-8 Lakes 298 12-9 Stream Network Hydraulic Data 298 12-10 Ocean Parameters 299 12-11 Human Activity 301 Land Use/Land Cover 303 Population 305 Stable Lights at Night 306 12-12 Using Satellite Images for the Extraction of Environmental Parameters 306 12-13 Compilations of Data for Chemical Fate and Transport Modeling 307 References 307 Chapter 13 | Retrieval and Analysis of Emission Data 311 13-1 Characterization of Emissions 311 13-2 Emissions based on Production Volumes 312 13-3 Estimation from Usage or Release Inventories 313 13-4 Emission Factors 313 13-5 Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Emissions 314 Diffuse Emissions at Local to Regional Scale 317 Example: Estimating Urban Runoff Contaminants from Land Use and Population Data in the Province of Naples, Italy 318 Exercise: Apportionment of Emissions Using a Geographic Pattern 318 13-6 Modeling Traffic Flows 322 References 326 Chapter 14 | Characterization of Environmental Properties and Processes 329 14-1 Physicochemical Properties and Partition Coefficients 329 14-2 Aerosol and Suspended Sediments 330 Exercise: Computing SPM in Rivers Using the Formula of Hakanson and Co-workers 332 14-3 Diffusive Processes 335 14-4 Dispersion 335 14-5 Advective Processes 336 Atmospheric Deposition 336 Soil Water Budget Calculations 338 Soil Erosion 344 14-6 River and Lake Hydraulic Geometry 344 References 350 Chapter 15 | Complex Models, GIS, and Data Assimilation 353 15-1 Atmospheric Transport Models 353 Example: Dispersion Modeling of an Atmospheric Emission in Australia 354 15-2 Transport in Groundwater and the Analytic Element Method 361 15-3 GIS Functions of Modeling Systems and Data Assimilation 361 References 363 Chapter 16 | The Issue of Monitoring Data and the Evaluation of Spatial Models of Chemical Fate 365 16-1 Existing Monitoring Programs 366 16-2 Distributed Sampling 366 16-3 Methods for the Comparison of Measured and Modeled Concentrations 367 Exercise: Comparison of Two PCB Soil Concentration Models 368 References 375 Chapter 17 | From Fate to Exposure and Risk Modeling with GIS 377 17-1 Exposure and Risk for Human Health 377 17-2 Models for the Quantification of Chemical Intake by Humans 382 Exercise: Human Exposure, Intake, and Cancer Risk Related to Ingestion of Aboveground Produce Contaminated by Gas and Dust Deposition of 2,3,7,8-TCDD Emitted from an Industrial Emission Source 386 17-3 Ecological and Environmental Risk Assessment 393 Exercise: Mapping Patch Area and Ecotones in South America 398 17-4 Data for GIS Based Risk Assessment 400 References 401 Chapter 18 | GIS Based Models in Practice: The Multimedia Assessment of Pollutant Pathways in the Environment (MAPPE) Model 405 18-1 Introduction 405 18-2 Environmental Compartments Considered in the Model 407 Atmosphere Compartment 409 Soil Compartment 412 Inland Water Compartment 413 Seawater 415 18-3 Implementation in GIS: Example with Lindane 416 Scalar Input Quantities 416 Maps Describing Landscape and Climate Parameters 418 Air Compartment Calculations 419 Soil Compartment Calculations 422 Inland Water Compartment Calculations 427 Seawater Compartment Calculations 434 18-4 Using the Model For Scenario Assessment 436 References 441 Chapter 19 | Inverse Modeling and Its Application to Water Contaminants 443 19-1 Introduction 443 Exercise: Inverse Modeling of Caffeine in Europe 447 References 451 Chapter 20 | Chemical Fate and Transport Indicators and the Modeling of Contamination Patterns 453 20-1 The Relative Risk Model 453 Example: Relative Risk Assessment for Coastal Ecosystems Due to Wastewater Emission in South Africa 456 20-2 Use of Chemical Fate and Transport Indicators in the Context of Relative Risk Assessment: An Example with Contaminants Applied to Soil 459 Example: Generic Modeling of Sewage Sludge Soil Application in Mexico 464 References 472 Chapter 21 | Perspectives: The Challenge of Cumulative Impacts and Planetary Boundaries 475 References 478 Index 481

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Book SynopsisThe iPhone and iPad allow user positioning via multiple methods, including GPS. This book walks you through the basic tools you need to build geo-aware applications before diving into the available third-party geo-SDKs available for the iOS platform.

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Book SynopsisSince its founding in 1964, the IMF Institute has provided macroeconomic management training to over 20,000 officials from almost all of the International Monetary Fund’s 183 member countries—more than 13,000 at IMF headquarters in Washington, and about 8,000 overseas. This volume compiles some of the analysis that the Institute uses in its macroeconomic training to address key questions that policymakers face in managing their national economies. The chapters, by IMF staff and external economists, cover salient topics in monetary, fiscal, and exchange rate management and show that there are no definitive prescriptions for effective economic policymaking, but rather a range of options, and that any course of policy action has explicit pros and cons.

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Book SynopsisYour learn-by-doing guide into ArcGIS, the powerful mapping and analysis system created by the geospatial pioneers of Esri, is not just something you read, but something you do. The ArcGIS Book: 10 Big Ideas about Applying The Science of Where™, and its companion website provide access to hundreds of live maps from the worldwide ArcGIS user community. In this second edition of The ArcGIS Book: 10 Big Ideas about Applying Geography to Your World, each big idea in the title is a chapter in the book about the ways that GIS technology can unlock your data to reveal deeper insights and a better understanding of virtually any problem with a geographic dimension.Visit the book website and click on any map to start exploring and learning. Then enable your own free Learn ArcGIS student account to create and share GIS maps and analytics that matter to you. Create beautiful Story Maps, mobile apps, web maps, and 3D scenes that you can share online.Each chapter ends with a lesson from the Learn ArcGIS catalog—authentic GIS activities based on real-world problem solving and data. By the end, you’ll be able to say you mapped the demographics of Detroit, created a historical Story Map, modeled the habitat of mountain lions in Los Angeles County, created an underwater 3D scene off the Florida coast, and much more.This revised and expanded book includes brand new lessons, close to 200 interactive examples, and membership in the Learn ArcGIS student organization. Get your free account and see this book come alive at TheArcGISBook.comTable of Contents Introduction How this book works Chapter 1 GIS Provides a Common Visual Framework Chapter 2 The Language of Geography Chapter 3 Tell Your Story Using a Map Chapter 4 Great Maps Need Great Data Chapter 5 The Importance of Where Chapter 6 Mapping the Third Dimension Chapter 7 The Power of Apps Chapter 8 Your GIS is Mobile Chapter 9 Mapping the Internet of Things Chapter 10 GIS is SocialResources for further study Contributors & acknowledgments Credits

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Book SynopsisThis heavily illustrated book contains descriptions and geologic interpretations of photographs (mostly aerial) illustrating the power and magnitude of repeated Ice Age flooding in the Pacific Northwest, as recently as 14,000 years ago. The scale of Ice Age floods was so huge that today it is often difficult to see and appreciate the power and magnitude of such megafloods from ground level. However, from the air, landforms created by the floods often come into clear focus. Aerial images, obtained via unmanned aerial vehicle (drone) as well as fixed-wing airplane, add a new perspective on evidence gathered by dozens of scientists since 1923.Table of ContentsChapter 1.Introduction.- Chapter 2-Background.- Chapter 3-Ice age outbursts.- Chapter 4-Channeled scabland.- Chapter 5-Erosional features.- Chapter 6-Depositional features.

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Book SynopsisThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 21st International Symposium on Web and Wireless Geographical Information Systems, W2GIS 2024, held in Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland, during June 1819, 2024. The 8 full papers and 7 short papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 20 submissions.

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Book SynopsisEveryone likes maps and maps are always used to illustrate the many books on the Antarctic. Here the focus is reversed with contemporary maps telling the story – one that should be attractive to the widest audience as it is a unique approach complimenting what has gone before and providing something different for all interested in Antarctica.Trade ReviewFrom the book reviews:“Australia-based authors Clancy (Univ. of Newcastle), Manning (Monash Univ.), and Brolsma (Australian Antarctic Division) have produced a remarkable archive of maps of Antarctica with extensive annotation. … Annotations to each map, or group of maps, introduce fascinating detail rarely assembled in one place. … Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through researchers/faculty; general readers.” (J. D. Ives, Choice, Vol. 52 (6), February, 2015)“The fascinating book is about the discovery and exploration of Antarctica. … is a great read as it provides a comprehensive coverage of the story of Antarctica. It addresses a broad audience from modern cartographers as well as historic map collectors.” (bergbuch.info, March, 2014)Table of ContentsIntroduction.- The Concept: From Ptolemy to Cook.-Arctic and Antarctic regions are not Poles apart.- The Reality: Cook to the International Geographical Congress.- The Heroic Age: Heroes, Legends and Land.- Wings over the Continent: From Wilkins to War.- A Second World War and a New Order of Business.- Antarctica Comes of Age: Windows of the World (1960–2000).- Post–2000: A new concept of mapping.- Tourism: A different explorer.

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Book SynopsisCreate visual and geospatial stories that blend map science and map design. To make aesthetically pleasing, informative maps, mapmakers and graphic designers have historically used time-consuming tasks and workflows as part of the job. But what if you could get to the aesthetic design of your mapping projects much sooner with access to accurate, detailed map layers and powerful mapping tools that could enhance your story? Enter ArcGIS® Maps for Adobe® Creative Cloud®, the mapping extension that connects Adobe® Illustrator® to the power of ArcGIS, Esri’s geospatial software. Mapping by Design: A Guide to ArcGIS Maps for Adobe Creative Cloud is the guidebook for making effective maps using Maps for Adobe Creative Cloud. Learn how to create compelling visual stories with maps following comprehensive tutorials designed to navigate readers through common mapmaking workflows. Key topics include: Learning the user interface components of Maps for Adobe Creative Cloud Creating maps following common workflows Performing custom geo-analyses Using automated custom symbology and map elements Integrating Maps for Adobe Creative Cloud into your ArcGIS Pro cartographic workflows By connecting Illustrator to ArcGIS Online, this extension gives designers the power to create maps by providing easy access to authoritative digital maps and map layers. In Maps for Adobe Creative Cloud, this seamless connection means that you can add these digital map layers, perform many map enhancements and geo-analytical functions, and then download your maps as well-organized, ready-to-design files in Illustrator. Further, Maps for Adobe Creative Cloud allows ArcGIS Pro users to open their maps and layouts in Illustrator and continue adding and analyzing map data and layers. Whether you are a creative seeking to make beautiful maps with a familiar graphic design application or a GIS Professional who wants to learn the ArcGIS Pro–to–Illustrator integration workflow, Mapping by Design serves as a practical guide for all mapmakers.Table of ContentsPreface Chapter 1: Welcome to ArcGIS Maps for Adobe Creative Cloud Chapter 2: Exploring the Maps for Adobe User Interface Chapter 3: The Advantage of Synced Maps Chapter 4: Managing Map Content with Maps for Adobe Chapter 5: Advanced Mapmaking with Maps for Adobe Chapter 6: Customizing Maps with the Processes Panel Chapter 7: The ArcGIS Pro-to-Adobe Illustrator Workflow

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Book SynopsisSustainability has been increasingly embraced as an overarching policy goal, and communities have been called to be active participants on the path towards attaining a balance between fundamental human needs and ecological resilience. Community-based organizations (CBOs) can benefit from using GIS in building community assets and developing well-conceived sustainability initiatives, but GIS has not yet been widely used for those purposes in CBOs. This book illustrates how geographic information (such as maps) can be useful in community development drawing from service-learning GIS projects, and argue that economic theories of sustainability and spatial thinking can be of help in building sustainable community. It also discusses the application of vehicle routing problems for sustainable waste collection; spatio-temporal visualization and analysis techniques in GIS; GIS applications in modern crop protection; role of geographic information system for water quality evaluation; and the use of remote sensing and GIS for groundwater potential mapping in crystalline basement rocks.

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Book SynopsisThis is a book about how ecologists can integrate remote sensing and GIS in their research. It will allow readers to get started with the application of remote sensing and to understand its potential and limitations. Using practical examples, the book covers all necessary steps from planning field campaigns to deriving ecologically relevant information through remote sensing and modelling of species distributions. An Introduction to Spatial Data Analysis introduces spatial data handling using the open source software Quantum GIS (QGIS). In addition, readers will be guided through their first steps in the R programming language. The authors explain the fundamentals of spatial data handling and analysis, empowering the reader to turn data acquired in the field into actual spatial data. Readers will learn to process and analyse spatial data of different types and interpret the data and results. After finishing this book, readers will be able to address questions such as “What is the distance to the border of the protected area?”, “Which points are located close to a road?”, “Which fraction of land cover types exist in my study area?” using different software and techniques. This book is for novice spatial data users and does not assume any prior knowledge of spatial data itself or practical experience working with such data sets. Readers will likely include student and professional ecologists, geographers and any environmental scientists or practitioners who need to collect, visualize and analyse spatial data. The software used is the widely applied open source scientific programs QGIS and R. All scripts and data sets used in the book will be provided online at book.ecosens.org. This book covers specific methods including: what to consider before collecting in situ data how to work with spatial data collected in situ the difference between raster and vector data how to acquire further vector and raster data how to create relevant environmental information how to combine and analyse in situ and remote sensing data how to create useful maps for field work and presentations how to use QGIS and R for spatial analysis how to develop analysis scripts Table of ContentsPreface 1. Introduction and overview 1.1 Spatial data 1.2 First spatial data analysis 1.3 Next steps Part I. Data acquisition, data preparation and map creation 2. Data acquisition 2.1 Spatial data for a research question 2.2 AOI 2.3 Thematic raster map acquisition 2.4 Thematic vector map acquisition 2.5 Satellite sensor data acquisition 2.6 Summary and further reading 3. Data preparation 3.1 Deciding on a projection 3.2 Reprojecting raster and vector layers 3.3 Clipping to an AOI 3.4 Stacking raster layers 3.5 Visualizing a raster stack as RGB 3.6 Summary and further reading 4. Creating maps 4.1 Maps in QGIS 4.2 Maps for presentations 4.3 Maps with statistical information 4.4 Common mistakes and recommendations 4.5 Summary and further reading Part II. Spatial field data acquisition and auxiliary data 5. Field data planning and preparation 5.1 Field sampling strategies 5.2 From GIS to global positioning system (GPS) 5.3 On-screen digitization 5.4 Summary and further reading6. Field sampling using a global positioning system (GPS) 97 6.1 GPS in the field 98 6.2 GPX from GPS 101 6.3 Summary 102 7. From global positioning system (GPS) to geographic information system (GIS) 103 7.1 Joint coordinates and measurement sheet 104 7.2 Separate coordinates and measurement sheet 105 7.3 Point measurement to information 106 7.4 Summary 108 Part III. Data analysis and new spatial information 8. Vector data analysis 110 8.1 Percentage area covered 114 8.2 Spatial distances 118 8.3 Summary and further analyses 121 9. Raster analysis 122 9.1 Spectral landscape indices 122 9.2 Topographic indices 128 9.3 Spectral landscape categories 128 9.4 Summary and further analysis 133 10. Raster-vector intersection 134 10.1 Point statistics 135 10.2 Zonal statistics 136 10.3 Summary 138 Part IV. Spatial coding 11. Introduction to coding 140 11.1 Why use the command line and what is ‘R’? 140 11.2 Getting started 142 11.3 Your very first command 142 11.4 Classes of data 144 11.5 Data indexing (subsetting) 145 11.6 Importing and exporting data 147 11.7 Functions 148 11.8 Loops 149 11.9 Scripts 149 11.10 Expanding functionality 150 11.11 Bugs, problems and challenges 151 11.12 Notation 152 11.13 Summary and further reading 15212. Getting started with spatial coding 153 12.1 Spatial data in R 153 12.2 Importing and exporting data 158 12.3 Modifying spatial data 162 12.4 Downloading spatial data from within R 166 12.5 Organization of spatial analysis scripts 170 12.6 Summary 171 13. Spatial analysis in R 172 13.1 Vegetation indices 172 13.2 Digital elevation model (DEM) derivatives 174 13.3 Classification 175 13.4 Raster-vector interaction 179 13.5 Calculating and saving aggregated values 182 13.6 Summary and further reading 184 14. Creating graphs in R 185 14.1 Aggregated environmental information 185 14.2 Non-aggregated environmental information 189 14.3 Finalizing and saving the plot 194 14.4 Summary and further reading 195 15. Creating maps in R 196 15.1 Vector data 197 15.2 Plotting study area data 202 15.3 Summary and further reading 206 Afterword and acknowledgements 207 References 209 Index 210

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