Energy technology and engineering Books

Book SynopsisExperts in data analytics and power engineering present techniques addressing the needs of modern power systems, covering theory and applications related to power system reliability, efficiency, and security. With topics spanning large-scale and distributed optimization, statistical learning, big data analytics, graph theory, and game theory, this is an essential resource for graduate students and researchers in academia and industry with backgrounds in power systems engineering, applied mathematics, and computer science.Trade Review'There are only a few industries that generate an equally large amount of data with a comparable variety, and societal importance. Data analytics is thus rightfully at the heart of modern power systems operations and planning. Focusing on applications in power systems, this book gives an excellent account of recent developments and of the broad range of algorithms and tools in the area of data analytics, as well as of the applications of these tools for solving challenging problems from a novel angle. Covering a wide range of fundamental problems, from state estimation to load scheduling and anomaly detection, the book is not only an excellent source of inspiration, but can also serve as an extensive reference for the gamut of operational problems faced in the power industry.' György Dán, KTH Royal Institute of Technology'The editors have brought together leading researchers at the intersection of data analytics and power systems to provide us with an authoritative reference that is comprehensive, coherent and timely. It treats classical topics such as state estimation, optimal power flow, and anomaly identification, as well as emerging topics such as phase measurement unit data recovery and privacy, probabilistic price forecasting, and distributed load management. It introduces a wide array of modern techniques to power system analysis from sparse representation, graph signal processing, distributed and feedback optimization, statistics and random matrix theory, deep learning, and mean field games. A useful reference for students, researchers, and practitioners.' Steven Low, CaltechTable of ContentsIntroduction; Preface Ali Tajer, Samir M. Perlaza and H. Vincent Poor; 1. Learning power grid topologies Guido Cavraro, Vassilis Kekatos, Liang Zhang and Georgios B. Giannakis; 2. Probabilistic forecasting of power system and market operations Yuting Ji, Lang Tong and Weisi Deng; 3. Deep learning in power systems Yue Zhao and Baosen Zhang; 4. Estimating the system state and network model errors Ali Abur, Murat Gol and Yuzhang Lin; 5. Quickest detection and isolation of tranmission line outages Venugopal V. Veeravalli and Alejandro Dominguez-Garcia; 6. Active sensing for quickest anomaly detection Ali Tajer and Javad Heydari; 7. Random matrix theory for analyzing spatio-temporal data Robert Qiu, Xing He, Lei Chu and Xin Shi; 8. Graph-theoretic analysis of power grid robustness Dorcas Ofori-Boateng, Asim Kumer Dey, Yulia R. Gel and H. Vincent Poor; 9. Bayesian attacks Inaki Esnaola, Samir M Perlaza and Ke Sun; 10. Smart meter data privacy Giulio Giaconia, Deniz Gunduz and H. Vincent Poor; 11. Data quality and privacy enhancement Meng Wang and Joe H Chow; 12. Frequency estimation using voltage phasor angles revisited Danilo P. Mandic, Sithan Kanna, Yili Xia and Anthony G. Constantinides; 13. Graph signal processing for the power grid Anna Scaglione, Raksha Ramakrishna and Mahdi Jamei; 14. A sparse representation approach for anomaly identification Hao Zhu and Chen Chen; 15. Uncertainty-aware power systems operation Daniel Bienstock; 16. Distributed optimization for power and energy systems Emiliano Dall'Anese and Nikolaos Gatsis; 17. Distributed load management Changhong Zhao, Vijay Gupta and Ufuk Topcu; 18. Analytical models for emerging energy storage applications I. Safak Bayram and Michael Devetsikiotis; 19. Distributed power consumption scheduling Samson Lasaulce, Olivier Beaude and Mauricio Gonz´alez; 20. Electric vehicles and mean-field Dario Bauso and Toru Namerikawa; 21. Prosumer behaviour: decision making with bounded horizon Mohsen Rajabpour, Arnold Glass, Robert Mulligan and Narayan B. Mandayam; 22. Storage allocation for price volatility management in electricity markets Amin Masoumzadeh, Ehsan Nekouei and Tansu Alpcan.

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Book SynopsisThis book focuses on the latest developments in the field of engineering. Chapter One reviews an extensive study on the design of experiment methods. Chapter Two presents controller designs using the traditional proportional integral derivative (PID) control algorithm to control a planar two-link flexible manipulator. Chapter Three presents an active vibration control (AVC) system for trailed two-wheeled implements (TTWI) avoiding instruments damage. Chapter Four reports on the kinematics of a series-parallel manipulator whose architecture is based on the topology of the 3RPS tangential parallel manipulator where R, P and S stand, respectively, for Revolute, Prismatic and Spherical joints. Chapter Five discusses the estimation of saturated hydraulic conductivity. Chapter Six proposes a new and robust model to predict the dynamical behavior of the Liquid Diffusion Phenomenon (LDP).

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Book SynopsisIn this compilation, the authors develop a modeling approach and formulate global equations. The data is based on the thermos-economic theory that uses the thermodynamic process of cost formation and that considers the direct and indirect effects of all components of every system in each cited field. The relations between the incomes and impacts of the use of energy in all sectors with different systems are discussed, and characteristic equations representing each physical behavior of every plant in the system and its impact will be formulated. The Nigeria energy situation is reviewed in order to identify potential sites of SHPs and how small hydropower fits in as the solution to the country sustainable energy challenge. Issues of small hydropower resource availability, technology, environment and climate change have been also discussed. Following this, an overview of industrial systems of oxycombustion integrated in microalgal photobioreactors is provided. The authors discuss issues related to carbon capture technologies, the science and technology of the oxycombustion, the biological oxygen generation, the photobioreactors and the process integration, summarizing a range of useful strategies directed to the industrial sustainable development. The development process for harvesting marine energy for local small-scale usage is described; marine energy has received much attention globally and is being developed as a viable source of renewable energy. While high tidal and fast water current would yield large energy generation, not all locations possess these advantages. With different limitations for specific site locations, this study suggests that micro-scale marine turbine may be suitable for areas with low tidal velocity. Continuing, a review is provided which describes recent approaches adopted to engineer nanostructured electrocatalytic materials for efficient mass transport of reactants and products, high conductivity and activity for electrochemical CO2 reduction into value-added chemicals or intermediates. The current state of integration of Big Data, Data Mining and Artificial Intelligence techniques in advanced Energy Systems Optimization is also examined. A comprehensive review of relevant Artificial Intelligence techniques applicable to the optimization of DER is described, in addition to a review of relevant software needed to model advanced DERs.

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Book SynopsisIn the past, fossil fuels have been considered a reliable source of energy by many countries. Despite the current measures to reduce the use of fossil fuels for electricity generation, the use of this type of energy source will continue for the foreseeable future. Advances in Energy Research. Volume 31 examines how, if this situation does not change in the future, then all types of fossil fuels, particularly oil, will be exhausted before the end of the current century. The use of microholes may potentially enhance the applications of fossil fuels in various energy fields, especially in thermal power plants. Therefore, the morphology variation of micropunch and microhole during the punching with WC/Co micropunches is investigated in this compilation through scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometer and confocal laser studies. Following this, the authors provide a review on experimental and modeling studies performed with direct fuel cells, starting with the fundamentals and main drawbacks of these systems, followed by an exhaustive review on the different studies performed regarding the effects of operating conditions and design parameters. In the penultimate chapter, a new method for determining the cohesion potential energy in solids is described, and fundamental factors such as internal energy, entropy, temperature and time are examined, in particular the connection of entropy and time to potential energy. The method concerns molecular solids and rests upon measurable thermodynamic quantities: heat of sublimation, heat capacity, and entropy as derived from the latter. The closing chapter provides an overview of three methods (retarded osmosis method, forward osmosis-electrokinetic method, and diffusio-osmotic method) for sustainable power generation from the salinity gradient energy by using osmosis-based processes.

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Book SynopsisThe book first explores previously studied supercritical processes for the production of biodiesel. Two of the main drawbacks of said processes are discussed: the high energy requirements and the hazards due to the conditions under which the processes are operated. The authors present a review of the experimental excess enthalpy of mixtures of dibutyl ether or butanol, with representative hydrocarbons. The most relevant functional groups of gasoline hydrocarbon types are considered: heptane, iso-octane, 1-hexene, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, benzene, and toluene. Continuing, this compilation briefly explores the production of biofuel from different edible and non-edible feedstock, mentioning the various types of homogeneous and heterogeneous acid or base catalysts applied for reactions. The benefits and drawbacks of biodiesel as compared to diesel fuel are also described. Several yeasts are examined for their capability to produce xylanolytic enzymes that degrade xylan, the major polysaccharide in the hemicellulose structure. The production of hydrolytic enzymes for the enzymatic hydrolysis process is reported by optimizing lignocellulose degradation and increasing the yield of simple sugars.Table of ContentsPreface; Non-Catalytic Production of Biodiesel: Energy and Safety Considerations; Thermodynamic Properties of Biofuels: Comparison and Review of Excess Enthalpy of Mixtures of Butanol, or Dibutylether, with Representative Hydrocarbons; Environmental Aspects of Using Biodiesel as a Sustainable Energy Source: Current Situation and Future Trends; Non-Conventional Yeasts with Potential for Production of Second-Generation Ethanol; Index.

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Book SynopsisFrom deregulation of energy business, and an environmental problem, the installation spread of the small-scale distribution power due to a fuel cell and a heat engine is expected. Under the objective function set up by the designer or the user, optimisation planning that controls small-scale distribution power is required. In dynamic operation planning of the energy plant, the analysis method using mixed integer linear programming is developed. For the compound energy systems of solar modules and fuel cell cogeneration, there have been no reports of the optimisation of operation planning. Therefore, there are no results showing the relationship between the objective function given to the combined system and operation planning. Such as a solar modules or wind power, green-energy equipment is accompanied by the fluctuation of an output in many cases. Almost all green energy equipment requires backup by commercial power, fuel cells, heat engines, etc. Operation planning of the system that utilises renewable energy differs by the objective function and power and heat load pattern. Thus, this book investigates the operation planning of the compound energy system composed of proton exchange membrane fuel cell cogeneration with methanol steam-reforming equipment, a solar module, geo-thermal heat pump, heat storage, water electrolysis equipment, commercial power, and a kerosene boiler. In such a complex energy system, facility cost is expensive. However, in this book, it investigates as a case of the independent power source for backlands with renewable energy. This book considers the operation planning of a system, and the optimisation of equipment capacity. The Genetic Algorithm (hereafter described as GA) applicable to a non-linear problem with many variables is installed into the optimisation calculation of the operation planning of the system. In the operation analysis of a complex energy system, Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) other than GA can be used. Because the non-linear analysis using MIP is made to approximate using a linear expression of relations, it is considered that an error is large. On the other hand, GA is applicable to the analysis of the non-linear problem of many variables. The range of the analysis accuracy obtained by calculation with GA is understood that it can use industrially. In GA, the design variable of energy equipment is shown with many gene models. In this book, the objective functions given to the system were set up as (1) Minimisation of error in demand-and-supply balance, (2) Minimisation of the operation cost (fuel consumption) of energy equipment, (3) Minimisation of the carbon dioxide gas emission accompanying operation, and (4) Minimisation of the three objective functions described above. The load pattern in winter (February) and summer (August) of the average individual house in Sapporo, Japan, is used for the energy demand model shown with a case study. This chapter described the operation plan of the independence energy system when installing a methanol steam-reforming type fuel cell and renewable energy into a cold region house. Such complex operation optimization of the energy system did not have a report until now. Consequently, the method of installing and analysing the GA apply to the non-linear problem of many variables was proposed. In points of equipment cost, it is difficult for a proposed system to spread generally. However, the installation to the area where the commercial power is not fixed is possible.

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Book SynopsisThe Department of Defense (DoD) continues to make significant progress toward achieving the goals of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct 2005) and Executive Order (EO) 13423, Strengthening Federal Environmental, Energy, and Transportation Management. The DOD Energy Program initiatives include energy awareness efforts, energy manager training, audit programs, procurement of energy efficient products, and the use of sustainable design in new construction and major renovation. Other contributing factors include integrated energy planning, enhanced use of renewable energy, demonstration of innovative technologies, and the use of Energy Savings Performance Contracts (ESPC) and Utility Energy Service Contracts (UESC). DOD is responding to EPAct 2005 and EO 13423. Combined, these mandates established a new energy baseline (2003), increased the annual reduction requirement to 3 percent per year, increased the percentage of renewable energy required (7.5 percent by 2013), increased energy efficiency of new construction to 30 percent below the current standard, and required metering electricity consumption of all facilities. Through Fiscal Year (FY) 2007, the Department of Defense achieved a 10.1 percent decrease in goal facility energy consumption (as measured on a British Thermal Units (Btu) per gross square foot (GSF) basis [Btu/GSF]) as compared to the revised 2003 baseline. The Department of the Army determined that the square footage was over reported in 2003, compared to data contained in the real property database. Therefore, this book contains a significantly revised baseline, which raises the previously reported Btu/GSF from 113,510 to 116,134. At the end of FY 2007 the Department has 1.95 billion square feet of facilities and spent $3.4 billion on facility energy. DoD spent $9.5 billion on non-fleet vehicles and other equipment - such as auto gasoline, LPG-Propane, Aviation Gasoline, jet fuel and Navy-special fuel. DOD continues to make progress in installing renewable energy technologies and purchasing electricity generated from renewable sources (solar, wind, geothermal, and biomass) when life cycle cost-effective. The National Defence Authorization Act of 2007 codified a 2005 DOD goal to produce or procure renewable energy equivalent to 25 percent of facility electrical consumption. The total renewable energy that the Department produced or procured in FY 2007 amounted to 12,054 trillion Btu and represents 11.9 percent of the facility electrical consumption. For FY 2007, the Department of Energy revised the guidance for compliance with the renewable energy requirements of EPAct 2005 and EO 13423, allowing only renewable electricity. Under this revised guidance, DoD achieved 5.5 percent total and 3.3 percent new renewable energy, well exceeding the goals of 3 percent and 1.5 percent respectively.

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Book SynopsisThe Earth houses a vast energy supply in the form of geothermal resources. Domestic resources are equivalent to a 30,000 year energy supply at our current rate for the United States. Geothermal energy is used in all 50 U.S. states today. But, geothermal energy has not reached its full potential as a clean secure energy alternative because of issues with resources, technology, historically low natural gas prices, and public policies. These issues affect the economic competitiveness of geothermal energy. This book explores geothermal energy''s viability, risk and cost analysis.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a comprehensive review of energy security in sustainability; hydroelectric power plants v. nature in the Czech Republic; the role of crop residues and second generation energy crops in biofuel production; electricity from renewable energy sources; technologies for CO2 capture in power plants; and electricity distribution networks.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a comprehensive review of energy research studies from authors across the globe, including exhaust gases from internal combustion engines and gas turbines that burn both fossil and biomass derived fuels; saving energy in the residential sector; drilling, growing or conserving our way to greater energy independence; the properties, engineering and applications of butanol; research on the relationship between thermal inertia and thermal comfort adaptive models and a new method to reduce HVAC energy consumption.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents current research in the study of the chemistry, processes and application of gasification processes. Topics discussed include experimental activities in a flexible gasification pilot plant; water gas shift and membrane reactor studies for the production of a hydrogen-rich stream in steam-oxygen gasification processes; the development of a dynamic model for a stratified downdraft wood gasifier; gasification of biomass for the production of syngas with reduced tar formation; the System Biomass Gasifier and its operation and the study of the catalytic effect of magnetite in the gasification of chars from lignite/rubber mixtures.

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Book SynopsisIn this book, systems and technologies of distributed generation (DG) for electricity generation or Combined Heat and Power (CHP) are discussed. DG generally refers to micro and small-scale (typically 1 kW-50 MW) electric power generators that produce electricity at a site close to customers or that are tied to an electric distribution system. Distributed generators include, but are not limited to synchronous generators, induction generators, reciprocating engines, micro turbines, combustion gas turbines, fuel cells, solar photovoltaic panels and wind turbines.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents and discusses current research in the study of sustainable petroleum operations. Topics discussed include greening of petroleum operations; a novel environmental risk management model for petroleum operations; an approach for conflict resolution in oil and gas operations; technological analysis and quantitative assessment of oil and gas development and air pollution and carbon assessment framework for oil and gas developments.

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Book SynopsisPetroleum engineering is an engineering discipline concerned with the activities related to the production of hydrocarbons, which can be either crude oil or natural gas. Subsurface activities are deemed to fall within the upstream sector of the oil and gas industry, which are the activities of finding and producing hydrocarbons. This book presents current research in the study of sustainable petroleum engineering including topics such as optimisation techniques in groundwater monitoring network design for petroleum contaminant detection; a relation-analysis-based approach for assessing risks of petroleum-contaminated sites and an improved model for predicting formation damage induced by oilfield scales.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a comprehensive review of energy research studies from authors across the globe, including recent research in thermoelectric power generation; thermal energy and sustainable development in the Sudan; nanocomposite polymer electrolytes for Li-Ion batteries; resonant wireless power transmission; energy reduction in the building sector and power transmission over optical fibres.

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Book SynopsisOver the past five years, the Department of Energy''s Office of Basic Energy Sciences has engaged thousands of scientists around the world to study the current status, limiting factors and specific fundamental scientific bottlenecks blocking the widespread implementation of alternate energy technologies. From these efforts, it becomes clear that the magnitude of the challenge is so immense that existing approaches will not be enough to secure our energy future. Instead, meeting the challenge will require fundamental understanding and scientific breakthroughs in new materials and chemical processes to make possible new energy technologies and performance levels far beyond what is now possible. This book discusses and identifies strategic goals for which transformational scientific breakthroughs are urgently being researched for tomorrow''s energy needs.

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Book SynopsisA clean, secure, safe and affordable energy future is among the pre-eminent challenges facing the United States, and a major acceleration is needed in the pace of energy technology innovation, invention, translation, adoption and diffusion. The U.S. must be at the forefront of energy technology innovation over the next decade for reasons of economic competitiveness, environment and security. Meeting this challenge will require extraordinary actions at the Federal level, in concert with the private sector that owns and operates the vast majority of the energy supply. This book examines the challenge ahead for building a sustainable energy future and transforming the U.S. energy economy.

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Book SynopsisThere is an increase in the projection of future electricity demand across the globe. In the projections from the International Energy Outlook 2010 (IEO2010), the total energy consumption will increase by 49% from 2007 to 2035 (1.4% per year). Based on those reports, it is seen that the use of energy will increase over that time (considering world oil prices will remain relatively high through most of the projection period). There is also an effort being made to search for sustainable and clean energy, like as generated by wind, solar, wave, tide, geothermal and hydroelectricity. This book takes in consideration the following themes: wind power generation, bioenergy, nuclear energy, hydroelectric energy and energy transportation.

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Book SynopsisToday''s energy situation has created a dilemma for coal use in the United States. On one hand, the environmental challenges of using coal appear formidable, particularly with growing concern over the impact of carbon dioxide emissions on global climate change. On the other hand, the projected demand for electricity, coupled with high fuel costs, presents a near-term opportunity for the greater use of coal to ensure energy security for America. This solution to coal''s "Catch-22" can be achieved through technological advancements that enable coal-based energy plants to produce much needed electricity and fuels for secure and stable economic growth. This book examines the development of the technological pathway of advanced power systems using bituminous coal.

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Book SynopsisEnergy storage can be utilised in a wide range of applications. The main types of applications covered by the chapters in the present volume include utility and other electrical power systems, conventional and renewable power generation, renewable energy sources, heat pumps, building heating and cooling and district energy systems. The ability of energy storage to facilitate the efficient, effective and economic operation of renewable energy systems is reinforced in this volume, with chapters focusing on using energy storage to improve solar power plants and other renewable energy applications. This book addresses both existing and potential future energy storage technologies and systems.

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Book SynopsisVegetation is able, through photosynthesis, to remove CO2 from the atmosphere and convert it to carbohydrates. Some of this carbon returns to the atmosphere through decay or burning, but much of it can remain in the soil or in plant tissues for many years. By improved management practices, the amount of carbon stored in soils and plants can be increased. Storing carbon in this way is referred to as terrestrial sequestration. This book examines the land types and management methods that can maximise carbon storage in vegetation and soil and explores the analytical techniques necessary to monitor, verify and account for terrestrially stored carbon, which is required for this carbon to be traded.

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Book SynopsisDuring his 25 January 2011 State of the Union speech, President Obama proposed a Clean Energy Standard (CES) policy framework that would result in 80% of U.S. electricity generation coming from "clean energy" sources by 2035. "Clean energy," as described by President Obama, would include renewables, nuclear power and partial credits for clean coal and efficient natural gas. This book examines the design elements of previous CES proposals, summarizes the Administration''s CES policy framework, provides state-level baseline CES compliance analysis, and presents several policy options that Congress might consider as part of a CES debate.

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Book SynopsisAn expanding array of state-of-the-art and emerging technologies are opening new opportunities to improve and/or to reduce the costs to generate, deliver and use electricity. One of these technologies is modular electricity storage (MES). In this book, the specific utility application addressed is the use of MES to reduce the cost of electricity delivery by reducing the cost of electricity transmission and distribution (T&D) equipment. Specifically, MES would be used to defer expensive improvements or capacity additions to T&D equipment by providing modular capacity additions as needed.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a comprehensive review of energy research studies from authors across the globe, including recent research in the development of green energy saving mechanisms; seasonal thermal energy storage of underground heat; free carbon technologies in developing nations; energy efficiency in buildings; standby losses in power demand in electricity distribution systems with high penetration of small electronic devices; solar water heating; energy consumption and economic growth in Pakistan and biodiesel production from Langmuir-Blodgett lipase engineering.

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Book SynopsisThe U.S. pulp and paper industry consumes over $7 billion worth of purchased fuels and electricity per year. Energy efficiency improvement is an important way to reduce these costs and to increase predictable earnings, especially in times of high energy price volatility. There are a variety of opportunities available at individual plants in the U.S. pulp and paper industry to reduce energy consumption in a cost-effective manner. This book discusses energy efficiency practices and energy-efficient technologies that can be implemented at the component, process, facility and organisational levels. An overview of the trends, structure and energy consumption characteristics of the U.S. pulp and paper industry, along with descriptions of the major process technologies used within the industry are discussed.

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Book SynopsisCombined Heat and Power (CHP) is the sequential or simultaneous generation of multiple forms of useful energy (usually mechanical and thermal) in a single, integrated system. CHP systems consist of a number of individual components-prime mover (heat engine), generator, heat recovery, and electrical interconnection-configured into an integrated whole. This book reviews the technical and economic characterisation of biomass resources, biomass preparation, energy conversion technologies, power production systems, and complete integrated systems.

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Book SynopsisRefrigeration is the process of removing heat from an enclosed space, or from a substance, and moving it to a place where it is unobjectionable. The primary purpose of refrigeration is lowering the temperature of the enclosed space or substance and then maintaining that lower temperature. This book reviews research on refrigeration including an overview of up-to-date developments and technology in the field of magnetic refrigeration at room temperature (RTMR); an alternative approach based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) to determine thermodynamic properties of refrigerants; solar powered sorption refrigeration and air conditioning; the modelling of chilling and freezing processes and others.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a comprehensive review of renewable energy sources, the environment and sustainable development. This includes all the renewable energy technologies, materials and their development, energy efficiency systems, energy conservation scenarios, energy savings and other mitigation measures necessary to reduce climate change. Also explored in this volume is ocean energy, its benefits and barriers and solar radiation as a primary daytime source of energy. Various scenarios are extrapolated in order to assess the potential environmental impact of increasing world population and consumption throughout the 21st century and a general overview of the world-wide trend in fossil fuels.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a comprehensive review of energy storage systems; oil shale extraction and applications; properties and sources of diesel fuels; and the rational use of renewable energy on Earth. Discussed in this compilation is fermentable sugar production from lignocellulois biomass in the production of renewable biofuels and other bio-products and the effects of chemical structure on oil shale pyrolysis. This book also presents a review of energy storage and redistribution associated with photovoltaic energy as well as the deep oxidative desulfurisation of diesel fuels by heteropoly acid mesoporous composite catalysts.

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Book SynopsisClimate change issues, the reduced world reserves of fossils, and higher and higher fuel prices play an important role in the development of clean technologies, such as biohydrogen, biodiesel and bioethanol, for producing renewable energy. This book gathers and presents current research from across the globe in the study of clean energy resources, their production and developments.

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Book SynopsisIncreasing concerns about global warming, energy independence and public health have contributed to a rise in public interest in so-called "green" products and services, and the development of a "green" economy. A number of federal programs and activities are relevant to that interest. In addition to well-known programs aimed at the public such as Energy Star, the federal government is itself a major consumer of goods and services, spending more than $500 billion per year on procurement. Substantial proportions of those expenditures are on goods and services with significant environmental impacts. This book explores the "green" policies and issues in the United States with a focus on federal "green" procurement; "green" building and energy efficiency; renewable energy as a pathway to green jobs; Executive Order 13514 on the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions; and the greening options for the Capitol Power Plant.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a comprehensive review of improvements of HVAC conditions; biological monitoring using wildlife; second law based methods for improvement of energy systems; the expression of wind power; history and evolution of fusion power plant studies; EPA''s SO2 policy and it''s regional impacts; global climate change; and energy previsions in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009.

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Book SynopsisThe U.S. photovoltaic (PV) industry is forecast to grow in both the short term and the long term. It represents a significant opportunity for economic development and job creation in communities throughout the United States. The PV industry is best regarded as two major sectors: PV products (a sector of businesses that manufacture raw materials, PV modules and other components) and PV energy generation (a sector of services centred on the purchase of components and the installation of PV systems). This book provides background on the PV industry with a focus on helping communities evaluate opportunities in the photovoltaic industry and develop a strategic approach appropriate to a specific community.

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