Electronics engineering Books

Book SynopsisWIND ENERGY GENERATION WIND ENERGY GENERATIONMODELLING AND CONTROL With increasing concern over climate change and the security of energy supplies, wind power is emerging as an important source of electrical energy throughout the world. Modern wind turbines use advanced power electronics to provide efficient generator control and to ensure compatible operation with the power system. Wind Energy Generation describes the fundamental principles and modelling of the electrical generator and power electronic systems used in large wind turbines. It also discusses how they interact with the power system and the influence of wind turbines on power system operation and stability. Key features: Includes a comprehensive account of power electronic equipment used in wind turbines and for their grid connection. Describes enabling technologies which facilitate the connection of large-scale onshore and offshore wind farms. Provides detaiTable of ContentsAbout the Authors xi Preface xiii Acronyms and Symbols xv 1 Electricity Generation from Wind Energy 1 1.1 Wind Farms 2 1.2 Wind Energy-generating Systems 3 1.2.1 Wind Turbines 3 1.2.2 Wind Turbine Architectures 7 1.3 Wind Generators Compared with Conventional Power Plant 10 1.3.1 Local Impacts 11 1.3.2 System-wide Impacts 13 1.4 Grid Code Regulations for the Integration of Wind Generation 14 References 17 2 Power Electronics for Wind Turbines 19 2.1 Soft-starter for FSIG Wind Turbines 21 2.2 Voltage Source Converters (VSCs) 21 2.2.1 The Two-level VSC 21 2.2.2 Square-wave Operation 24 2.2.3 Carrier-based PWM (CB-PWM) 25 2.2.4 Switching Frequency Optimal PWM (SFO-PWM) 27 2.2.5 Regular and Non-regular Sampled PWM (RS-PWM and NRS-PWM) 28 2.2.6 Selective Harmonic Elimination PWM (SHEM) 29 2.2.7 Voltage Space Vector Switching (SV-PWM) 30 2.2.8 Hysteresis Switching 33 2.3 Application of VSCs for Variable-speed Systems 33 2.3.1 VSC with a Diode Bridge 34 2.3.2 Back-to-Back VSCs 34 References 36 3 Modelling of Synchronous Generators 39 3.1 Synchronous Generator Construction 39 3.2 The Air-gap Magnetic Field of the Synchronous Generator 39 3.3 Coil Representation of the Synchronous Generator 42 3.4 Generator Equations in the dq Frame 44 3.4.1 Generator Electromagnetic Torque 47 3.5 Steady-state Operation 47 3.6 Synchronous Generator with Damper Windings 49 3.7 Non-reduced Order Model 51 3.8 Reduced-order Model 52 3.9 Control of Large Synchronous Generators 53 3.9.1 Excitation Control 53 3.9.2 Prime Mover Control 55 References 56 4 Fixed-speed Induction Generator (FSIG)-based Wind Turbines 57 4.1 Induction Machine Construction 57 4.1.1 Squirrel-cage Rotor 58 4.1.2 Wound Rotor 58 4.2 Steady-state Characteristics 58 4.2.1 Variations in Generator Terminal Voltage 61 4.3 FSIG Configurations for Wind Generation 61 4.3.1 Two-speed Operation 62 4.3.2 Variable-slip Operation 63 4.3.3 Reactive Power Compensation Equipment 64 4.4 Induction Machine Modelling 64 4.4.1 FSIG Model as a Voltage Behind a Transient Reactance 65 4.5 Dynamic Performance of FSIG Wind Turbines 70 4.5.1 Small Disturbances 70 4.5.2 Performance During Network Faults 73 References 76 5 Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)-based Wind Turbines 77 5.1 Typical DFIG Configuration 77 5.2 Steady-state Characteristics 77 5.2.1 Active Power Relationships in the Steady State 80 5.2.2 Vector Diagram of Operating Conditions 81 5.3 Control for Optimum Wind Power Extraction 83 5.4 Control Strategies for a DFIG 84 5.4.1 Current-mode Control (PVdq) 84 5.4.2 Rotor Flux Magnitude and Angle Control 89 5.5 Dynamic Performance Assessment 90 5.5.1 Small Disturbances 91 5.5.2 Performance During Network Faults 94 References 96 6 Fully Rated Converter-based (FRC) Wind Turbines 99 6.1 FRC Synchronous Generator-based (FRC-SG) Wind Turbine 100 6.1.1 Direct-driven Wind Turbine Generators 100 6.1.2 Permanent Magnets Versus Electrically Excited Synchronous Generators 101 6.1.3 Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator 101 6.1.4 Wind Turbine Control and Dynamic Performance Assessment 103 6.2 FRC Induction Generator-based (FRC-IG) Wind Turbine 113 6.2.1 Steady-state Performance 113 6.2.2 Control of the FRC-IG Wind Turbine 114 6.2.3 Performance Characteristics of the FRC-IG Wind Turbine 119 References 119 7 Influence of Rotor Dynamics on Wind Turbine Operation 121 7.1 Blade Bending Dynamics 122 7.2 Derivation of Three-mass Model 123 7.2.1 Example: 300 kW FSIG Wind Turbine 124 7.3 Effective Two-mass Model 126 7.4 Assessment of FSIG and DFIG Wind Turbine Performance 128 Acknowledgement 132 References 132 8 Influence of Wind Farms on Network Dynamic Performance 135 8.1 Dynamic Stability and its Assessment 135 8.2 Dynamic Characteristics of Synchronous Generation 136 8.3 A Synchronizing Power and Damping Power Model of a Synchronous Generator 137 8.4 Influence of Automatic Voltage Regulator on Damping 139 8.5 Influence on Damping of Generator Operating Conditions 141 8.6 Influence of Turbine Governor on Generator Operation 143 8.7 Transient Stability 145 8.8 Voltage Stability 147 8.9 Generic Test Network 149 8.10 Influence of Generation Type on Network Dynamic Stability 150 8.10.1 Generator 2 – Synchronous Generator 151 8.10.2 Generator 2 – FSIG-based Wind Farm 152 8.10.3 Generator 2 – DFIG-based Wind Farm (PVdq Control) 152 8.10.4 Generator 2 – DFIG-based Wind Farm (FMAC Control) 152 8.10.5 Generator 2 – FRC-based Wind Farm 152 8.11 Dynamic Interaction of Wind Farms with the Network 153 8.11.1 FSIG Influence on Network Damping 153 8.11.2 DFIG Influence on Network Damping 158 8.12 Influence of Wind Generation on Network Transient Performance 161 8.12.1 Generator 2 – Synchronous Generator 161 8.12.2 Generator 2 – FSIG Wind Farm 162 8.12.3 Generator 2 – DFIG Wind Farm 163 8.12.4 Generator 2 – FRC Wind Farm 165 References 165 9 Power Systems Stabilizers and Network Damping Capability of Wind Farms 167 9.1 A Power System Stabilizer for a Synchronous Generator 167 9.1.1 Requirements and Function 167 9.1.2 Synchronous Generator PSS and its Performance Contributions 169 9.2 A Power System Stabilizer for a DFIG 172 9.2.1 Requirements and Function 172 9.2.2 DFIG-PSS and its Performance Contributions 178 9.3 A Power System Stabilizer for an FRC Wind Farm 182 9.3.1 Requirements and Functions 182 9.3.2 FRC–PSS and its Performance Contributions 186 References 191 10 The Integration of Wind Farms into the Power System 193 10.1 Reactive Power Compensation 193 10.1.1 Static Var Compensator (SVC) 194 10.1.2 Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) 195 10.1.3 STATCOM and FSIG Stability 197 10.2 HVAC Connections 198 10.3 HVDC Connections 198 10.3.1 LCC–HVDC 200 10.3.2 VSC–HVDC 201 10.3.3 Multi-terminal HVDC 203 10.3.4 HVDC Transmission – Opportunities and Challenges 204 10.4 Example of the Design of a Submarine Network 207 10.4.1 Beatrice Offshore Wind Farm 207 10.4.2 Onshore Grid Connection Points 208 10.4.3 Technical Analysis 210 10.4.4 Cost Analysis 212 10.4.5 Recommended Point of Connection 213 Acknowledgement 214 References 214 11 Wind Turbine Control for System Contingencies 217 11.1 Contribution of Wind Generation to Frequency Regulation 217 11.1.1 Frequency Control 217 11.1.2 Wind Turbine Inertia 218 11.1.3 Fast Primary Response 219 11.1.4 Slow Primary Response 222 11.2 Fault Ride-through (FRT) 228 11.2.1 FSIGs 228 11.2.2 DFIGs 229 11.2.3 FRCs 231 11.2.4 VSC–HVDC with FSIG Wind Farm 233 11.2.5 FRC Wind Turbines Connected Via a VSC–HVDC 234 References 237 Appendix A: State–Space Concepts and Models 241 Appendix B: Introduction to Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors 249 Appendix C: Linearization of State Equations 255 Appendix D: Generic Network Model Parameters 259 Index 265

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Book SynopsisFailure analysis is the preferred method to investigate product or process reliability and to ensure optimum performance of electrical components and systems. The physics-of-failure approach is the only internationally accepted solution for continuously improving the reliability of materials, devices and processes.Table of ContentsSeries Editor’s Foreword. Foreword by Dr. Craig Hillman. Series Editor’s Preface. Preface. About the Authors. 1 Introduction. 1.1. The Three Goals of the Book. 1.2. Historical Perspective 1.3. Terminology. 1.4. State of the Art and Future Trends. 1.5. General Plan of the Book. References. 2 Failure Analysis - Why? 2.1. Eight Possible Applications. 2.2. Forensic Engineering. 2.3. Reliability Modeling. 2.4. Reverse Engineering. 2.5. Controlling Critical Input Variables. 2.6. Design for Reliability. 2.7. Process Improvement. 2.8. Saving Money by Early Control. 2.9. A Synergetic Approach. References. 3 Failure Analysis - When? 3.1. During Development Cycle. 3.2. Preparing the Fabrication. 3.3. FA during Fabrication. 3.4. FA after Fabrication. 3.5. FA during Operation or Storage. References. 4 Failure Analysis - How? 4.1. Procedures for failure analysis. 4.2. Techniques for decapsulating the device and for sample preparation. 4.3. Techniques for failure analysis. References. 5. Failure Analysis - What? 5.1 Failure Modes and Mechanisms at Various Process Steps. 5.2 Failure Modes and Mechanisms of Passive Electronic Parts. 5.3 Failure Modes and Mechanisms of Silicon Bipolar Technology. 5.4 Failure Modes and Mechanisms of MOS Technology. 5.5 Failure Modes and Mechanisms of Optoelectronic and Photonic Technologies. 5.6 Failure Modes and Mechanisms of Non-Silicon Technologies. 5.7 Failure Modes and Mechanisms of Hybrid Technology. 5.8 Failure Modes and Mechanisms of Microsystem Technologies. References. 6 Case Studies. 6.1 Case Study No. 1: Capacitors. 6.2 Case Study No. 2: Bipolar Power Devices. 6.3 Case Study No. 3: CMOS Devices. 6.4 Case Study No. 4: MOS Field Effect Transistors. 6.5 Case Study No. 5: Thin Film Transistors. 6.6 Case Study No. 6: High Electron Mobility Transistors. 6.7 Case Study No. 7: MEMS Resonators. 6.8 Case Study No. 8: MEMS Micro-Cantilevers. 6.9 Case Study No. 9: MEMS Switches. 6.10 Case Study No. 10: Magnetic MEMS Switches. 6.11 Case Study No. 11: Chip-Scale Packages. 6.12 Case Study No. 12: Solder Joints. 6.13 Conclusions. References. 7. Conclusions. References. Acronyms. Glossary. Index.

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Book SynopsisA complete introduction tocar-to-X communications networking Automotive Inter-networking will introduce a range of new network and system technologies for vehicle safety, entertainment and comfort systems currently being researched and developed.Table of ContentsPreface xi List of Abbreviations xiii 1 Automotive Internetworking: The Evolution Towards Connected and Cooperative Vehicles 1 1.1 Evolution of In-Vehicle Electronics 1 1.2 Motivation for Connected Vehicles 4 1.3 Terminology 7 1.4 Stakeholders 10 1.5 Outline of this Book 10 References 12 2 Application Classifications and Requirements 13 2.1 Classification of Applications and their Implications 14 2.1.1 Driving-Related Applications 15 2.1.2 Vehicle-Related Applications 19 2.1.3 Passenger-Related Applications 22 2.2 Requirements and Overall System Properties 25 2.3 Overview on Suitable Communication Technologies 28 2.3.1 Communication Technologies 28 2.3.2 Suitability for AutoNet Applications 31 2.4 Summary 34 References 34 3 System Architecture 37 3.1 Domain View of AutoNets 37 3.2 ISO/OSI Reference Model View 40 3.3 Profiling 42 3.4 Standardised Architectures 43 3.4.1 Architecture of the C2C Communication Consortium (C2C-CC) 44 3.4.2 ISO TC204 CALM Architecture 45 3.4.3 ETSI TC ITS Architecture: EN 302 655 47 3.4.4 IEEE WAVE Architecture Featuring IEEE802.11p and IEEE1609.x Standards 49 3.5 Subsystem Architectures 50 3.5.1 Vehicle Architecture 51 3.5.2 Roadside Architecture 55 3.5.3 Infrastructure Architecture 56 3.5.4 Mobile Device Architecture 61 3.6 Summary 62 References 63 4 Applications: Functionality and Protocols 65 4.1 Foresighted Safety Case Study: Environmental Notifications 67 4.1.1 Data Collection and Individual Situation Analysis 68 4.1.2 Cooperative Situation Analysis 71 4.1.3 Distributed Knowledge Management 73 4.1.4 Individual Relevance and Interface to the Driver 75 4.1.5 Data Security and Privacy 77 4.1.6 Reliable Estimation of the Current Driving Condition 78 4.1.7 Communication and Information Dissemination 79 4.1.8 Standardisation Issues 80 4.2 Active Safety Case Study: Cooperative Collision Avoidance and Intersection Assistance 81 4.2.1 Data Collection 82 4.2.2 Situation Analysis and Application Logic 83 4.2.3 Knowledge Management 88 4.2.4 Communication 90 4.2.5 Security and Privacy 93 4.2.6 Driver Interaction 95 4.3 Green Driving Case Study: Traffic Lights Assistance 98 4.3.1 Green Light Optimal Speed Advisory 99 4.3.2 Example: TRAVOLUTION 107 4.4 Business and Convenience Case Study: Insurance and Financial Services 107 4.4.1 Accident Management Services 108 4.4.2 Examples for Insurance and Financial Services (IFS) 116 References 118 5 Application Support 121 5.1 Application Support in the AutoNet Generic Reference Protocol Stack 121 5.2 Communication Aspects in the Application Support 123 5.2.1 CAM: Cooperative Awareness Messages 123 5.2.2 DENM: Decentralised Environmental Notification Messages 125 5.3 AutoNet Facilities 125 5.3.1 Application Plane 126 5.3.2 Information Plane 128 5.3.3 Communication Plane 130 5.4 Implementation Issues for the Application Support Layer 131 5.5 Summary 133 References 133 6 Transport Layer 135 6.1 Transport Layer Integration in the AutoNet Generic Reference Protocol Stack 135 6.1.1 AutoNet Transport 137 6.1.2 TCP, UDP 138 6.2 TCP in AutoNets 139 6.2.1 Congestion Control in TCP 140 6.2.2 Impact of AutoNets 141 6.2.3 Enhancements of TCP and Technical Requirements for AutoNet Scenarios 143 6.2.4 The MOCCA Transport Protocol 144 6.2.5 Evaluation Results 148 6.3 Summary 151 References 152 7 Networking 155 7.1 Networking Principles in the AutoNet Generic Reference Protocol Stack 155 7.1.1 Network Layer Functionality in AutoNets 155 7.1.2 Network Protocol Data Units 158 7.2 AutoNet Ad-Hoc Networking 160 7.2.1 AutoNet Ad-Hoc Network Characteristics 160 7.2.2 AutoNet Ad-Hoc Network Addressing and Routing 165 7.2.3 Beaconing 176 7.2.4 Network Utility Maximisation in AutoNets 177 7.3 AutoNet Cellular Networking 187 7.3.1 Communication Architecture for AutoNet Cellular Networking 189 7.3.2 Deployment Strategies 190 7.3.3 Interactions and Cross-Layer Optimisations 192 7.4 IPv6 and Mobility Extensions 192 7.4.1 IPv6 193 7.4.2 Mobility Extensions 194 7.4.3 Deployment Issues 197 References 200 8 Physical Communication Technologies 205 8.1 Wireless Networks in the AutoNet Generic Reference Protocol Stack 206 8.2 Automotive WLAN and DSRC 208 8.2.1 Spectrum Policies 209 8.2.2 IEEE 802.11p 213 8.2.3 ETSI G5A 221 8.3 Utility-Centric Medium Access in IEEE 802.11p 221 8.3.1 Data Differentiation 221 8.3.2 Inter-Vehicle Contention 222 8.3.3 Cross-Layer Issues 223 8.3.4 Evaluation of Utility-Centric Medium Access 225 8.4 Technology Comparison 230 8.5 Conclusion 231 References 231 9 Security and Privacy 233 9.1 Stakes, Assets, Threats and Attacks 235 9.1.1 Stakeholders and Assets 235 9.1.2 Threats and Attacks 236 9.2 Challenges and Requirements 238 9.3 AutoNet Security Architecture and Management 241 9.4 Security Services 244 9.4.1 Cryptographic Mechanisms 244 9.4.2 Digital Signatures 246 9.5 Certification 247 9.5.1 Trust 247 9.5.2 Trusted Third Platforms: Certificate Authorities 249 9.5.3 Certificate Generation and Distribution 250 9.5.4 Certificate Revocation 253 9.6 Securing Vehicles 253 9.7 Secure Communication 254 9.7.1 Secure Messaging 254 9.7.2 Secure Routing and Forwarding 255 9.7.3 Secure Group Communication 255 9.7.4 Plausibility Checks 255 9.8 Privacy 256 9.8.1 Secret Information 256 9.9 Conclusion 258 References 259 10 System Management 261 10.1 System Management in the AutoNet Generic Reference Protocol Stack 261 10.2 Functional Management Building Blocks 263 10.3 Selected Management Issues of an AutoNet Station 264 10.3.1 Cost/Benefit Management 264 10.3.2 Congestion Control 265 10.3.3 Mobility Management 265 10.3.4 TCP Management 268 10.4 Implementation Issues of the Management Layer 270 10.5 Summary 271 References 271 11 Research Methodologies 273 11.1 Early Activities to Investigate AutoNets 274 11.1.1 Activities at the University of Duisburg 274 11.1.2 Activities at the Ohio State University 275 11.2 Methodologies 277 11.2.1 Model Domains for AutoNets 278 11.2.2 Dependency Examples 280 11.3 Simulation Methodology 282 11.3.1 Communication Network Simulation 284 11.3.2 Traffic Simulation 287 11.3.3 Implementation Issues 290 11.4 Field Operational Testing Methodology 298 11.4.1 Applications and Requirements 300 11.4.2 System Architecture 302 11.4.3 Trials 304 11.4.4 Analysis 306 11.5 Summary 307 References 307 12 Markets 309 12.1 Current Market Developments 310 12.1.1 Technological Push 311 12.1.2 Economic Pull 311 12.1.3 Stakeholder Analysis 312 12.2 Challenges 327 12.2.1 Harmonisation and Standardisation 328 12.2.2 Life Cycle 330 12.2.3 Costs and Revenues in an Emerging Business Ecosystem 330 12.2.4 Customer Acceptance 331 12.3 Driving the Emergence of a Coherent Business Ecosystem 333 12.3.1 Strategies for the Development of a Modular Business Ecosystem 333 12.3.2 Early Examples of Telematic Business Ecosystems 339 12.4 Summary 342 References 342 13 Impact and Future Projections 345 A Appendix 351 A.1 Standardisation Bodies for AutoNets 351 A.1.1 ETSI 351 A.1.2 CEN 352 A.1.3 ISO 353 A.1.4 IETF 354 A.1.5 IEEE 354 A.1.6 Car2Car Communication Consortium 354 A.2 Research Projects on AutoNets 355 A.2.1 Early Activities 355 A.2.2 The eSafety Initiative 358 A.2.3 COMeSafety 360 A.2.4 COOPERS 361 A.2.5 CVIS 361 A.2.6 SAFESPOT 363 A.2.7 SeVeCom 363 A.2.8 GeoNet 363 A.2.9 FRAME, E-FRAME 364 A.2.10 VII and IntelliDrive 364 A.2.11 Travolution 365 A.2.12 Aktiv 365 A.2.13 PRE-DRIVE C2X 366 A.2.14 simTD 367 References 368 Index 369

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Book SynopsisThe explosion of traffic over data communications networks has resulted in a demand for Quality of Service (QoS) techniques to ensure network reliability, particularly in regard to e-commerce applications. This book covers the implementation of QoS techniques from an engineering point of view.Trade Review"...loaded with the traffic and QoS engineering knowledge necessary for any researcher or designer to keep pace with current progress in both ATM and IP networking..." (IEEE Communications Magazine, November 2002) "The authors do an excellent job of describing the building blocks of QoS control..." (Computing Reviews)Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction. Admission Control. Traffic Access Control. Packet Scheduling. Packet Fair Queuing Implementations. Buffer Management. Flow and Congestion Control. QoS Routing. Differentiated Services. Multiprotocol Label Switching. Appendix: SONET and ATM Protocols. Index.

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Book SynopsisUltrasmall Radio Frequency and Micro-wave Microelectromechanical systems (RF MEMs), such as switches, varactors, and phase shifters, exhibit nearly zero power consumption or loss. For this reason, they are being developed intensively by corporations worldwide for use in telecommunications equipment.Trade Review"...an excellent book for graduate students or practicing engineers in the field of RF microwave technology who need to learn about the latest developments in the RF MEMS world." (IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, November/December 2004) "It provides the most comprehensive survey of this new and important technology.” (Microwave Journal, January 2004) "...an invaluable addition to the research library, and highly recommended to all interested in this fascinating technology." (Microwaves & RF, June 2003)Table of ContentsPreface. Chapter 1- Introduction: RF MEMS for Microwave Applications. Chapter 2- Mechanical Modeling of MEMS Devices: Static Analysis. Chapter 3- Mechanical Modeling of MEMS Devices: Dynamic Analysis. Chapter 4- Electromagnetic Modeling of MEMS Switches. Chapter 5- MEMS Switch Library. Chapter 6-MEMS Switch Fabrication and Packaging. Chapter 7-MEMS Switch Reliability and Power Handling. Chapter 8- Design of MEMS Switch Circuits. Chapter 9-MEMS Phase Shifters. Chapter 10- Distributed MEMS Phase Shifters and Switches. Chapter 11- MEMS Varactors and Tunable Oscillators. Chapter 12- Micro machined Inductors. Chapter 13- Reconfigurable MEMS Networks, Filters, Antennas, and Subsystem. Chapter 14- Phase Noise Analysis of MEMS Circuits, Phase Shifters, and Oscillators. Chapter 15- Future Work in RF MEMS. Appendix A: Detailed Analysis and Measurements of Intermodulation Distortion and Power Handling in RF MEMS Switches, Varactors, and Tunable Filters. Appendix B: Mechanical, Electrical, and Thermal Properties of RF MEMS Materials. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book deals with the packaging of electronic equipment to prevent damage from vibration and exposure to large variations in temperature.Trade Review"...text s purpose is to show manufacturers how to design, analyze, and evaluate electronic systems for lower cost and improved reliability in harsh environments..." (SciTech Book News, Vol. 25, No. 4, December 2001)Table of ContentsPreface. Symbols. Physics of Failure In Electronic Systems. Thermal Expansion Displacements, Forces, and Stresses. Vibration of Beams and Other Simple Structures. Vibration of Printed Circuit Boards and Flat Plates. Estimating Fatigue Life in Thermal Cycling and VibrationEnvironments. Octave Rule, Snubbers, Dampers, and Isolation for PreventingVibration Damage to Electronic Systems. Displacements, Forces, and Stresses in Axial Leaded ComponentWires Due to Thermal Expansions. Designing Electronic Equipment for Sinusoidal Vibration. Assessment of Random Vibration on Electronic Design. Combining Fatigue Damage for Random Vibration and Thermal Cycling. Thermal Cycling Failures in Surface-Mounted Components. Stresses and Fatigue Life in Component Lead Wires and SolderJoints Due to Dynamic Forces and PCB Displacements. Fatigue Life of Long Components, Tall Components, and SmallComponents Mounted on PCBs. Wear and Interface Surface Fretting Corrosion in ElectricalConnectors. Case Histories of Failures and Failure Analyses. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisA complete, one-stop reference on the state of the art of unsupervised adaptive filtering While unsupervised adaptive filtering has its roots in the 1960s, more recent advances in signal processing, information theory, imaging, and remote sensing have made this a hot area for research in several diverse fields.Table of ContentsContributors vii Preface xi 1 Introduction 1Simon Haykin 1.1 Why Adaptive Filtering? 1 1.2 Supervised and Unsupervised Forms of Adaptive Filtering 2 1.3 Two Important Unsupervised Signal-Processing Tasks 3 1.4 Three Fundamental Approaches to Unsupervised Adaptive Filtering 6 1.5 Organization of Volume II 10 References 11 2 The Core of FSE-CMA Behavior Theory 13C. R. Johnson, Jr., P. Schniter, I. Fijalkow, L. Tong, J. D. Behm, M. G. Larimore, D. R. Brown, R. A. Casas, T. J. Endres, S. Lambotharan, A. Touzni, H. H. Zeng, M. Green, and J. R. Treichler 2.1 Introduction 14 2.2 MMSE Equalization and LMS 22 2.3 The CM Criterion and CMA 41 2.4 CMA-Adapted-Equalizer Design Issues with Illustrative Examples 75 2.5 Case Studies 89 2.6 Conclusions 106 References 108 3 Relationships between Blind Deconvolution and Blind Source Separation 113Scott C. Douglas and Simon Haykin 3.1 Introduction 113 3.2 Problem Descriptions 117 3.3 Algorithmic Relationships 122 3.4 Structural Relationships 129 3.5 Extensions 140 3.6 Conclusions 142 References 142 4 Blind Separation of Independent Sources Based on Multiuser Kurtosis Optimization Criteria 147Constantinos B. Papadias 4.1 Introduction 148 4.2 Problem Formulation and Assumptions 150 4.3 Review: The Single-User Equalization Problem 154 4.4 Necessary and Su½cient Conditions for BSS 160 4.5 Unconstrained Criteria: The MU-CM Approach 162 4.6 Constrained Criteria: The MUK Approach 165 4.7 Numerical Examples 171 4.8 Conclusions 175 References 176 Index 181

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Book SynopsisA comprehensive introduction to ICA for students and practitioners Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is one of the most exciting new topics in fields such as neural networks, advanced statistics, and signal processing.Trade Review"...researchers...introduce independent component analysis as a statistical and computational technique for revealing hidden factors that underlie sets of random variables, measurements, or signals." (SciTech Book News, Vol. 25, No. 4, December 2001)Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction. MATHEMATICAL PRELIMINARIES. Random Vectors and Independence. Gradients and Optimization Methods. Estimation Theory. Information Theory. Principal Component Analysis and Whitening. BASIC INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS. What is Independent Component Analysis? ICA by Maximization of Nongaussianity. ICA by Maximum Likelihood Estimation. ICA by Minimization of Mutual Information. ICA by Tensorial Methods. ICA by Nonlinear Decorrelation and Nonlinear PCA. Practical Considerations. Overview and Comparison of Basic ICA Methods. EXTENSIONS AND RELATED METHODS. Noisy ICA. ICA with Overcomplete Bases. Nonlinear ICA. Methods using Time Structure. Convolutive Mixtures and Blind Deconvolution. Other Extensions. APPLICATIONS OF ICA. Feature Extraction by ICA. Brain Imaging Applications. Telecommunications. Other Applications. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe deregulation of the power utilities industry has made the quality of power supply a worldwide issue. Providing background theory and illustrative examples, this text is structured in three parts covering fundamental theory, conventional power plant equipment and power electronic equipmentTable of ContentsForeword. Preface. FUNDAMENTAL THEORY. Introduction. Orthogonal Series Expansions. Electric Circuit Analysis Under Non-sinusodal Conditions. Harmonic Evaluation of Non-linear Functions. Linearisation in Harmonic Domain. Real Fourier Harmonic Domain. Hartley Harmonic Domain. Iterative Solutions of Non-linear Power Plant Components. CONVENTIONAL POWER PLANT EQUIPMENT. Synchronous Generator. Transmission Lines. Magnetic Non-linearities. Electric Arcs. POWER ELECTRONICS EQUIPMENT. Static VAR Compensator. Thyristor-controlled Series Compensator. Three-phase, Six-pulse Rectifier. Static Compensator with PWM Converters. Index.

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Book SynopsisAll packaging engineers and technologists who want to ensure thatthey give their customers the highest quality, most cost-effectiveproducts should know that the paradigm has shifted. It has shiftedaway from the MIL-STDs and other government standards and testprocedures that don''t cost-effectively address potential failuremechanisms or the manufacturing processes of the product. It hasshifted decisively towards tackling the root causes of failure andthe appropriate implementation of cost-effective process controls,qualityscreens, and tests. This book''s groundbreaking, science-based approach to developingqualification and quality assurance programs helps engineers reacha new level of reliability in today''s high-performancemicroelectronics. It does this with powerful... * Techniques for identifying and modeling failure mechanismsearlier in the design cycle, breaking the need to rely on fielddata * Physics-of-failure product reliability assessment methods thatcan be proTable of ContentsThree-Dimensional Stacked Dies. Cofired Ceramic Substrates. Organic Laminated Substrates and Chip-on-Board. High-Density Interconnects and Deposited Dielectrics. Wire and Wirebonds. Tape Automated Bonds. Flip-Chip Bonds. Device and Substrate Attachment. Cases. Leads. Lead Seals. Lid Seals. Material and Product Evaluation Methods. Rework Methods. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisHumanless space exploration, as in the use of Rover in exploring Mars, has demonstrated the importance of human-computer communications. This book provides a comprehensive look at 'general automata' as a method of establishing the fundamentals for communication in human-computer systems (HCS).Trade Review"Essential teaching resource; exhaustive bibliography, including Koenig's 34 previously published works on GAM in HCS." (CHOICE, April 2007) "Readers have been provided with more than sufficient detail-led analysis and practical illustrations…" (Kybernetes, Volume 36, No.34, 2007)Table of ContentsPreface. 1. Introduction. 1.1 Considerations for Establishing Knowledge Structures for Computers. 1.2 Knowledge About Automata as a Subset of World Knowledge. 1.2.1 General Automata. 1.2.2 Extracting and Storing the Meanings of Sentences. 1.2.3 Associating Knowledge. 1.2.4 Establishing Conclusions and Inferences. Exercises. 2. A General Automaton. 2.1 Formal Analysis for a General Automaton. 2.1.1 General Analysis. 2.1.2 Graph Model. 2.1.3 Select Properties of the Graph Model. 2.2 An Application of the Disciplines to the Modeling of Natural Automata. 2.2.1 A Case Study. 2.2.2 Required State Changes. 2.2.3 Algorithm for Determining Required State Changes. Exercises. 3. A General Automaton: Detailed Analysis. 3.1 Distinguishable Receptors and Effectors. 3.2 Nonhomogeneous Environments. 3.3 Transformation Response Components. 3.4 Nonshared Environments Interpreted as Distinguishable. 3.4.1 Model for Performance in Both Shared and Nonshared Environments. 3.4.2 Model for Performance in Shared Environments. Exercises. 4. Processing of Knowledge About Automata. 4.1 Formulation of a Language Information Theory. 4.1.1 Class 1 Sentence. 4.1.2 Class 2 Sentence. 4.1.3 Class 3 Sentence. 4.1.4 Class 4 Sentence. 4.1.5 Class 5 Sentence. 4.1.6 Class 6 Sentence. 4.1.7 Class 7 Sentence. 4.2 Extracting and Storing the Meaning of Sentences by Computer. 4.2.1 Description of an Algorithm. 4.3 Knowledge Association. 4.3.1 Association by Combining Graphs Through Common Points. 4.3.2 Associations by Combining Graph (n + 1)-Tuples. 4.3.3 Computer Methods for Association of Knowledge. 4.4 Deductive Processes. 4.4.1 Deductive Processes Related to Association Through Common Points. 4.4.2 Deductive Processes Related to Association by Combining Graph Tuples. 4.4.3 Deductive Processes with Aristotelian Form A as a Premise. 4.5 Inferences. 4.5.1 Inferences Related to a Single Graph Tuple of Associated Knowledge. 4.5.2 Inferences Related to More than One Graph Tuple of Associated Knowledge. Exercises. 5. A General System of Interactive Automata. 5.1 Formal Analysis for a General System of Interactive Automata. 5.1.1 General Analysis. 5.1.2 Microsystem Model. 5.1.3 Macrosystem Model. 5.2 Example Applications. 5.2.1 A Two-Component System. 5.2.2 A System of Many Components. Exercises. 6. Processing of Knowledge About Systems of Automata. 6.1 A General System of Interactive Automata: Detailed Analysis. 6.1.1 The Microsystem Model. 6.1.2 The Macrosystem Model. 6.2 Knowledge Structures for Sentences Describing Systems of Interactive Automata. Exercises. 7. Changing Expressions of Knowledge for Communication from One Form and Style to Another. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Sets and Relations. 7.3 Establishing Open Expressions and Open Sentences. 7.4 Selecting Subsets of Open Expressions. 7.5 Applying the Results of the Above Analysis. 7.6 Summary and Conclusions. Exercises. 8. Electronic Security Through Pseudo Languages. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Defi nitions, Sets, and Relations. 8.3 Analysis for E-Security Through Pseudo Languages. 8.3.1 A Basic E-Security System. 8.3.2 A Two-Step Encryption System. 8.3.3 E-Signing. 8.4 Summary and Conclusions. Exercises. Appendix A: Analysis for an Effective Operation of a General Automaton. A.1 Introduction. A.2 Recursive Methods. A.3 Effective Operation Analysis. Exercises. Appendix B: Analysis for an Effective Operation of a General System of Interactive Automata. B.1 Introduction. B.2 Microsystem Graphs. B.3 Macrosystem Graphs. B.4 Example. Exercises. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisOriginally a training course; best nontechnical coverage. Topics include batteries, circuits, conductors, AC and DC, inductance and capacitance, generators, motors, transformers, amplifiers, etc. Many questions with answers. 349 illustrations. 1969 edition.

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Book SynopsisThe first comprehensive treatment of modern quantum measurement and measurement-based quantum control, this important book will interest graduate students and researchers in quantum information, quantum metrology, quantum control and related fields. It introduces key experiments and technologies through dozens of recent experiments, and contains nearly 300 exercises to build understanding.Trade Review"An outstanding introduction, at the advanced graduate level, to the mathematical description of quantum measurements, parameter estimation in quantum mechanics, and open quantum systems, with attention to how the theory applies in a variety of physical settings. Once assembled, these mathematical tools are used to formulate the theory of quantum feedback control. Highly recommended for the physicist who wants to understand the application of control theory to quantum systems and for the control theorist who is curious about how to use control theory in a quantum context." Carlton Caves, University of New Mexico"A comprehensive and elegant presentation at the interface of quantum optics and quantum measurement theory. Essential reading for students and practitioners, both, in the growing quantum technologies revolution." Howard Carmichael, The University of Auckland"Quantum Measurement and Control provides a comprehensive and pedagogical introduction to critical new engineering methodology for emerging applications in quantum and nano-scale technology. By presenting fundamental topics first in a classical setting and then with quantum generalizations, Wiseman and Milburn manage not only to provide a lucid guide to the contemporary toolbox of quantum measurement and control but also to clarify important underlying connections between quantum and classical probability theory. The level of presentation is suitable for a broad audience, including both physicists and engineers, and recommendations for further reading are provided in each chapter. It would make a fine textbook for graduate-level coursework.” Hideo Mabuchi, Stanford University"This book presents a unique summary of the theory of quantum measurements and control by pioneers in the field. The clarity of presentation and the varied selection of examples and exercises guide the reader through the exciting development from the earliest foundation of measurements in quantum mechanics to the most recent fundamental and practical developments within the theory of quantum measurements and control. The ideal blend of precise mathematical arguments and physical explanations and examples reflects the authors’ affection for the topic to which they have themselves made pioneering contributions." Klaus Mølmer, University of Aarhus"This book is a pioneering work in the modern, rapidly developing field of quantum measurement and measurement-based quantum control. It provides a comprehensive and pedagogical introduction to a critical new engineering methodology for emerging applications in quantum and nano-scale technology. The clarity of the presentation and the fine and careful selection of examples and exercises make this important book an excellent textbook for graduate-level course-work, but it can also serve as a reference on the recent results in the exciting field of quantum measurement and control theory." Katalin M. Hangos, Mathematical ReviewsTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Quantum measurement theory; 2. Quantum parameter estimation; 3. Open quantum systems; 4. Quantum trajectories; 5. Quantum feedback control; 6. State-based quantum feedback control; 7. Applications to quantum information processing; Appendixes; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisCovering one of the most flourishing fields in physics, this is an ideal textbook for advanced undergraduate level courses in geometrical optics. It will also interest those wanting to learn its concepts and theories. Each chapter contains worked examples, and exercises are also included.Table of Contents1. Light propagation; 2. Reflections and refractions at optical surfaces; 3. Image formation; 4. Mirrors and prisms; 5. Curved optical surfaces; 6. Thin lenses; 7. Thick lenses; 8. Mirrors; 9. Optical apertures; 10. Paraxial ray tracing; 11. Aberrations in optical systems; 12. Real ray tracing; Appendices; Index.

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Book SynopsisAgent Technology, or Agent-Based Approaches, is a new paradigm for developing software applications. It has been hailed as 'the next significant breakthrough in software development', and 'the new revolution in software' after object technology or object-oriented programming.In this context, an agent is a computer system which is capable of acting autonomously in its environment in order to meet its design objectives. So in the area of concurrent design and manufacturing, a manufacturing resource, namely a machine or an operator, may cooperate and negotiate with other agents for task assignment; and an existing engineering software can be integrated with a distributed integrated engineering design and manufacturing system. Hence in agent-based systems, there is no centralized system control structure, and no pre-defined agenda for the system execution, as exist in traditional systems.This book systematically describes the principles, key issues, and applications of agentTable of ContentsPart One: Introduction Chapter 1: General Introduction. 1.1 Motivation. 1.2 Book Organization. 1.3 How To Use This Book. Chapter 2: Collaborative Design and Manufacturing. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Engineering Design. 2.3 Advanced Manufacturing Systems. 2.4 Next Generation Collaborative Design and Manufacturing Systems. Chapter 3: DAI and Agents. 3.1 Classic AI and DAI. 3.2 Research Themes in DAI. 3.3 Models of DAI Systems. 3.4 Objects vs. Agents. 3.5 Different Types of Agents. 3.6. Why Agents for Collaborative Design and Manufacturing. Part Two: Important Issues Chapter 4: Knowledge Representation in Agent-Based Concurrent Design and Manufacturing Systems. 4.1 Introduction 4.2 What needs to be Represented. 4.3 How to Represent Knowledge in Agent-Based Systems. 4.4 Research Literature and Further References. Chapter 5: Learning in Agent-Based Concurrent Design and Manufacturing Systems. 5.1 Introdution. 5.2 Why to Learn. 5.3 Single-Agent Learning or Multi-Agent Learning. 5.4 When to Learn. 5.5 Where to Learn. 5.6 What is to be Learned. 5.7 How to Learn. 5.8 Examples. 5.9 Research Literature and Additional References. Chapter 6: Agent Structures. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Desirable characteristics of an agent. 6.3 Essential Modules (Components) for agents. 6.4 Different Approaches. 6.5 Comparison of Different Approaches. 6.6 Research Literature and further References. Chapter 7: Multi-Agent System Architectures. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Organization and System Architectures. 7.3 Different Approaches. 7.4 Select a suitable system architecture for a specific application. 7.5 Research Literature and Additional Readings. Chapter 8: Communication, Cooperation and Coordination. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Communication. 8.3 Coordination. 8.4 Cooperation. 8.5 Coordination, Cooperation and Communication. 8.6 Research Literature and Further References. Chapter 9: Collaboration, Task Decompsition and Allocation. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Different Approaches for Task Decomposition and Allocation. 9.3 Coordinated Task Allocation by Mediation. 9.4 Distributed Task Allocation. 9.5 Task Decomposition in MetaMorph: an Example. 9.6 Research Literature and Additional References. Chapter 10: Negotiation and Conflict Resolution. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Classification of Negotiation Categories. 103. Negotiation Protocols. 10.4 Negotiation Strategies. 10.5 Negotiation for Conflict Resolution. 10.6 Examples in Concurrent Design and Manufacturing. 10.7 Research Literature and Additional Information. Chapter 11: Ontology Problems. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 What is Ontology? 11.3 Ontology and Knowledge Sharing. 11.4 Ontology Problems in Concurrent Design and Manufacturing. 11.5 Related concepts, Theories and Methods. 11.6 Ontolingua: A System for Managing Portable Ontologies. 11.7 Research Literature and Additional References. Chapter 12: Other Important Issues. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Agent Encapsulation. 12.3 Human machine integration (human participation). 12.4 System dynamics. 12.5. Design and manufacturability assessments. 12.6 Integration of manufacturing Planning, Scheduling and Execution. 12.7 Distributed Dynamic Scheduling. 12.8 Enterprise Integration and Supply Chain Management. 12.9 Legacy problem. 12.10 External interfaces. Part Three: Agent-Based Systems for Engineering Design & Manufacturing Chapter 13: Agent-Based Engineering Design Systems. 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 PACT (PACE) 13.3 SHARE (DSC) 13.4 First-Link, Next-Link and Process Link. 13.5 DIDE. 13.6 SiFAs. 13.7 RAPPID. 13.8 Other projects. 13.9 Summary. Chapter 14: Agent-Based manufacturing Planning, Scheduling and Control. 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 MetaMorph. 14.3 AARIA. 14.4 ADDYMS. 14.5 Other Projects. 14.6 Summary. Chapter 15: Enterprise Integration and Supply Chain Management. 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 ISCM. 15.3 CIIMPLEX. 15.4 MetaMorph II. 15.5 AIMS. 15.6 Other Projects. 15.7 Summary. Part Five: Developing Agent-Based Design and Manufacturing Systems Chapter 16: Methodology, Standards, Tools, Languages, and Frameworks. 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 Tools and Framework. 16.3 Methodology, Languages, and Standards. 16.4 Further references. Chapter 17: Building Agent-Based Design and Manufacturing Systems. 17.1 Introduction. 17.2 Selecting or developing an agent architecture. 17.3 Selecting an approach for agent organization. 17.4 Selecting or developing protocols for inter-agent communication. 17.5 Developing mechanisms for cooperation, coordination and negotiation. 17.6 Selecting platforms, tools and languages. 17.7 Agent-Oriented Design and Analysis. 17.8 Simulation and Implementation. 17.9 Testing, Debugging and Evaluation. Chapter 2: Collaborative Design and Manufacturing, Chapter 3: DAI and Agents. Part Two: Important Issues Chapter 4: Knowledge Representation in Agent-Based Concurrent Design and Manufacturing Systems. Chapter 5: Learning in Agent-Based Concurrent Design and Manufacturing Systems. Chapter 6: Agent Structures. Chapter 7: Multi-Agent System Architectures. Chapter 8: Communication, Cooperation and Coordination. Chapter 9: Collaboration, Task Decomposition and Allocation. Chapter 10: Negotiation and Conflict Resolution. Chapter 11: Ontology Problems. Chapter 12: Other Important Issues. Part Three: Agent-Based Systems for Engineering Design and Manufacturing Chapter 13: Agent-Based Engineering Design Systems. Chapter 14: Agent-Based manufacturing Planning, Scheduling and Control. Chapter 15: Enterprise Integration and Supply Chain Management. Part Four: Developing Agent-Based Design and Manufacturing Systems Chapter 16: Methodlogy, Standards, Tools, Languages, and Frameworks

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Book SynopsisAn international perspective on recent research, Compound Semiconductors 2001 provides an overview of important developments in III-V compound semiconductors, such as GaAs, InP, and GaN; II-VI compounds, such as ZnSe and CdTe; and IV-IV compounds, such as SiC and SiGe. The book contains 139 papers arranged in chapters on electronic devices, optical devices, magnetic materials, novel systems, quantum transport, optical characterization, quantum nanostructures, and material growth and characterization. The content encompasses the development of optical and electronic devices based on nitride semiconductors as well as the steady advances in traditional topics like III-V-based electronic and optical devices, growth and processing, and characterization. The book also includes novel research trends in quantum structures, such as quantum wires and dots, and spintronics, which are very promising for future developments in nanotechnology. As the primary forum for research into these Table of Contents1 Electronic Devices (24 papers).2 Optical Devices (15 papers).3 Magnetic Materials (5 papers).4 Novel Systems (10 papers).5 Quantum Transport (8 papers).6 Optical Characterization (16 papers).7 Quantum Nanostructures (20 papers).8 Material Growth and Characterization (15 papers).9 Material Growth and Characterization (Nitride) (26 papers).Author Index.

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Book SynopsisTable of Contentsch. 1. 1907-1919: the phonograph in disguise -- ch. 2. 1920-1929: toward a new visual identity -- ch. 3. 1930-1940: reverberations of deco -- ch. 4. 1941-1949: style in transition -- ch. 5. 1950-1977: fads, fashions and final frontiers.

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisOver the years, electronic technology - especially digital - has transformed our world. This title helps you to: understand Ohm's Law, magnetism, insulators, and conductors; review circuit diagrams and principles of parallel circuits; examine electromagnetic induction, capacitance, and resistance; and, explore fiber optics, LED, and laser.Table of ContentsAbout the Author xiv Chapter 1 What Is Electricity? 01 The Invisible Force 01 Amazing Usefulness 02 The Invisible Twin 03 Devices That Do Intelligent Work 04 Summary 04 Review Questions 05 Chapter 2 The Primary Factors 07 The Three Primaries 07 Origins Inside of Atoms 09 Key Terms 09 The Basic Structure of an Atom 15 Current 16 Voltage 17 Resistance 18 Ohm’s Law 19 Analogy of Ohm’s Law 20 Illustrations of Ohm’s Law 21 The Ohm’s Law Circle 23 Power 24 Magnetism 26 Magnetic Poles 27 Magnetic and Nonmagnetic Substances 28 The Earth as a Magnet 28 Magnetic Lines of Force 29 The Molecular Origins of Magnetism 30 The Strength of a Magnet 31 The Lifting Power of a Magnet 31 Static Electricity 34 Types of Current 38 Insulators and Conductors 40 Electromagnetism 41 Galvanoscope 47 Solenoids 47 Summary 49 Review Questions 49 Exercises 50 Chapter 3 Circuits 51 Open and Closed Circuits 51 Series and Parallel Circuits 52 Series Circuits 52 Parallel Circuits 52 Series-Parallel Circuits 53 Short Circuits 54 Circuit Diagrams 56 Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law 58 Voltage Measurements with Respect to Ground 60 Batteries 61 Principles of Parallel Circuits 68 Shortcuts for Parallel Circuits 70 Kirchhoff’s Current Law for Parallel Circuits 71 Practical Problems in Parallel Circuits 72 Parallel Connection of Cells 74 Principles of Series-Parallel Circuits 76 Kirchhoff’s Current Law for Series-Parallel Circuits 77 Series-Parallel Connection of Cells 78 Circuit Reduction 79 Power in a Series-Parallel Circuit 82 Three-Wire Distribution Circuit 83 Thevenin’s Theorum 88 Summary 91 Review Questions 92 Exercises 93 Chapter 4 Alternating Current 95 Alternating Current Characteristics 95 Frequency 95 Instantaneous and Effective Voltages 95 Ohm’s Law in AC Circuits 98 Power Laws in Resistive AC Circuits 100 Combining AC Voltages 103 Inductive and Capacitive Circuits 108 Inductive Circuits 109 Power in an Inductive Circuit 113 Resistance in an AC Circuit 115 Capacitive Reactance 119 Capacitive Reactance and Resistance in Series 123 Inductance, Capacitance, and Resistance in Series 127 Inductance and Resistance in Parallel 130 Capacitance and Resistance in Parallel 132 Inductance, Capacitance, and Resistance in Parallel 134 Principles of Electromagnetic Induction 135 Laws of Electromagnetic Induction 136 Self-Induction of a Coil 139 Transformers 142 Reversal of Induced Secondary Voltage 150 Transformer Operation 151 Windings and Voltages 152 Recap and Formulas 155 The Primaries 155 Ohm’s Law 156 Reactance 158 Series Circuits 161 Parallel Circuits 162 Series-Parallel Circuits 164 Formulas 166 Summary 166 Review Questions 168 Exercises 169 Chapter 5 Resonance 171 RC Circuits 172 RCL Circuit 173 Parallel LC Circuit 177 Series Resonant Circuits 178 Parallel Resonant Circuits 180 Uses of Series and Parallel Resonant Circuits 181 Summary 183 Review Questions 183 Exercises 184 Chapter 6 Semiconductors 185 Doping and Molecular Structure 185 P and N Types 186 Vacuum Tube Devices 186 The PN Junction 189 Holes 191 How the PN Junction Works 192 PNP Junctions 194 Transistors 197 Summary 198 Review Questions 200 Exercises 200 Chapter 7 Semiconductor Devices 201 Diodes 201 Diode Applications 202 Types of Diodes 202 Transistors 207 Transistor Applications 209 Types of Transistors 209 Thyristors 213 Triacs 215 Summary 215 Review Questions 216 Exercises 216 Chapter 8 Optoelectronics 217 The Origins of Light 217 The Nature of Light 218 Wavelength 219 Intensity 221 Optoelectronic Devices 221 Photodiodes 221 Phototransistors 222 Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) 222 Laser Diodes 222 Optical Isolators 222 Photoresistors 223 Photomultipliers 223 Charge-Coupled Devices (CCDs) 223 Summary 224 Review Questions 225 Exercises 226 Chapter 9 Circuit Components 227 Conductors 227 Copper Wire 227 Other Conductors 230 Cables 230 Connections 230 Soldering 231 Crimp Connectors 231 Switches 232 Fuses 234 Resistors 236 Capacitors 237 Inductors 238 Relays 238 Transformers 243 Overcurrent Protection 244 Installation 245 Power Supplies 246 Working with Electronic Components 247 Printed Circuit Boards 248 Grounding 249 Grounding Requirements 250 Summary 250 Review Questions 252 Exercises 252 Chapter 10 Filters 253 Types of Filters 255 Low-Pass Filters 256 High-Pass Filters 258 Band-Pass Filters 260 Notch Filters 261 Summary 262 Review Questions 263 Exercises 263 Chapter 11 Amplifiers 265 Signal Distortion 265 Amplitude Distortion 266 Frequency Distortion 266 Clipping 266 Crossover Distortion 267 Phase Distortion 267 Heterodyning 267 Amplifier Classes 268 Class A Amplifiers 268 Class B Amplifiers 269 Class C Amplifiers 269 Transistor Coupling 270 Direct Coupling 270 RC Coupling 270 Transformer Coupling 271 Impedance Coupling 272 Transistor Amplifiers 272 Common-Base Circuits 272 Common-Emitter Circuits 273 Common-Collector Circuits 273 Op-amps 274 Summary 276 Review Questions 277 Exercises 278 Chapter 12 Oscillators 279 The Tank Circuit 279 Timing 280 Positive Feedback 281 RC Timers 281 Types of Oscillators 283 Tuned-Base Oscillator 283 RC Relaxation Oscillator 283 Crystal Oscillators 285 Additional Oscillators 286 Summary 286 Review Questions 288 Exercises 288 Chapter 13 Digital Electronics 289 Digital and Data 289 Binary Code 289 Sending Binary Numbers 290 Basic Logic Circuits 292 Transistor Gates 294 Combination Logic Circuits 296 Sequential Logic Circuits 298 Combination Logic Circuits 302 Integrated Circuits 304 Linear and Digital 306 Summary 306 Review Questions 308 Exercises 309 Chapter 14 Fiber Optics 311 Light Recap 311 Sending Light through Glass Fibers 312 Optical-Signal Transmission 313 Attenuation and Dispersion 313 Internal Reflection 315 Types of Fibers 316 Transmission Devices and Methods 318 Decibels 318 Optical System Materials 319 Light Sources 320 Cabling 321 Connectors 322 Splices 323 Receivers 324 Testing 324 Continuity Testing 324 Power Testing 324 OTDR Testing 329 Optical System Parameters 329 Summary 329 Review Questions 332 Exercises 333 Chapter 15 Radio Transmission 335 Early Development 335 Radio Waves and Propagation 336 Tuned Circuits 340 Oscillators and the Audion 342 Basics 343 Modulation 347 Amplitude Modulation 347 Demodulation 348 Frequency Modulation 349 Pulse Modulation 352 Multiplexing 353 Antennas 353 Transmitting Antennas 354 Polarity 354 Receiving Antennas 355 Wave Paths 356 Summary 357 Review Questions 359 Exercises 360 Chapter 16 Audio 361 The Nature of Sound 361 Elements of Sound 361 Acoustics 364 Audio Systems 364 Audio Devices 365 Microphones 366 Tape Recorders 369 Equalizers 371 Amplifiers 372 Speakers 372 Autotransformers 375 Crossovers 375 Summary 375 Review Questions 377 Exercises 378 Chapter 17 Television 379 Television Basics 379 The Television Picture 382 The Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) 383 Color Television 385 Television Systems 385 Closed-Circuit Television 385 Video Cameras 386 Cable TV Channels 387 Summary 387 Review Questions 389 Exercises 390 Chapter 18 Radar 391 Radar Basics 391 Measuring Distance 392 Measuring Speed 394 Measuring Position 395 Waveguides 395 Cavity Resonators 396 Antennas 397 Reciprocity 397 Analyzing Radar Images 397 Radar Systems 399 Summary 399 Review Questions 400 Exercises 401 Chapter 19 Computers 403 Computer Basics 404 Integrated Circuit Chips 405 The Flip-Flop Circuit 406 Personal Computers 407 The CPU 407 Bios 407 Memory 407 Operating System 408 I/O Interfaces 408 Power Supply 408 Bus Systems 408 Disk Drives 408 Summary 408 Review Questions 409 Exercises 409 Appendix A Required Mathematics 411 Appendix B Symbols and Abbreviations 421 Appendix C Circuits 433 Glossary 443 Index 453

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Book SynopsisGain an understanding of the inspection of large synchronous machines, generators, condensers, and motors! This text describes each component of the machine, operational functions, typical design features, and tell-tale signs that indicate each mode of failure. Compact with photos, graphs, commonly-used inspection forms, along with extensive references for each topic, INSPECTION OF LARGE SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES is an excellent tool for operators, inspectors, and student engineers. Sponsored by IEEE Power Engineering Society.Table of ContentsList of Illustrations. Preface. Acknowledgements. PREPARATION. Site Preparation. Inspection Tools. Inspection Forms. INSPECTION. Description of Stator Items (Form 4). Description of Rotor Items (Form 5). Description of Excitation Items (Form 7). Description of Generator Auxiliaries. Standard Electrical and Mechanical Tests. Appendix: Principles of Operation of Synchronous Machines. Index.

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Book SynopsisPrinciples of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Biomedical/Electrical Engineering Principles of Magnetic Resonance Imaging A Signal Processing Perspective A volume in the IEEE Press Series in Biomedical EngineeringMetin Akay. Series Editor Since its inception in 1971. MRI has developed into a premier tool for anatomical and runaional imaging. Prin??ples ofMagne??c Resonance Imaging provides a clear and comprehensive treatment of MR image formation principles from a signal processing perspective. You will find discussion of these essential topics: Mathematical fundamentals Signal generation and detection principles Signal characteristics Signal localization principles Image reconstruction techniques Image contrast mechanisms Image resolution. noise, and artifacts Fast-scan imaging Constrained reconstruction Spatial information encoding Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgments. Introduction. Mathematical Fundamentals. Signal Generation and Detection. Signal Characteristics. Signal Localization. Image Reconstruction. Image Contrast. Image Resolution, Noise, and Artifacts. Fast-Scan Imaging. Constrained Reconstruction. Appendix A: Mathematical Formulas. Appendix B: Glossary. Appendix C: Abbreviations. Appendix D: Mathematical Symbols. Appendix E: Physical Constants. Bibliography. Index. About the Authors.

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Book SynopsisExplores ultrasonic metal welding (USMW), particularly for the manufacturing of lithium-ion (li-ion) battery cells, modules, and packs as used in electric vehicles. The book focuses mainly on two-layer and multi-layer aluminum (with and without anodizing) and copper (with and without nickel coating) welding configurations.

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Book SynopsisElectronics relates the fascinating stories of how scientists and engineers created and commercialized such devices as the transistor, the Magnetron tube used to power microwave ovens, the CRT (cathode ray tube), the laser, the first integrated circuit, the microprocessor, and memory chips.Trade ReviewThis book will be very useful if you are involved in delivering courses, such as general studies, which attempt to make connections between science and society. If you ignore the plethora of names and acronyms, this book is a sobering account of the economics of the past development of the semiconductor devices which give us so much ease and delight today... Put this book in your school library. Read it if you teach, or aspire to teach, electronics or physics. It will give you a fresh perspective on how silk purses (such as iPods) can indeed be made from sows' ears (such as ICBM guidance systems). School Science Review This book will allow the reader to become familiar with some of the basics of the technology that surrounds us all and will lead to questions about what can and should happen next. Science Books and FilmsTable of ContentsPrefaceTimeline1. The Origins of Electronics, 1900-19502. From lubes to Semiconductors3. Microchips and Lasers4. The Peak Years5. The Triumph of Microelectronics6. ConclusionsGlossaryFurther ReadingIndex

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Book SynopsisThe book covers various issues related to machinery condition monitoring, signal processing and conditioning, instrumentation and measurements, faults for induction motors failures, new trends in condition monitoring, and the fault identification process using motor currents electrical signature analysis. It aims to present a new non-invasive and non-intrusive condition monitoring system, which has the capability to detect various defects in induction motor at incipient stages within an arbitrary noise conditions. The performance of the developed system has been analyzed theoretically and experimentally under various loading conditions of the motor. Covers current and new approaches applied to fault diagnosis and condition monitoring. Integrates concepts and practical implementation of electrical signature analysis. Utilizes LabVIEW tool for condition monitoring problems. Incorporates real-world case studies.Table of Contents1. Introduction to Condition Monitoring of Electrical Machines 2. Background on Condition Monitoring Techniques 3. Noninvasive Methods for Motor Fault Diagnosis 4. Design and Development of a Noninvasive Condition Monitoring System 5. Faults Analysis and Evaluations via IPA and PVA Methods 6. Summary on Noninvasive Electrical Signature Analysis Methods: IPA and PVA

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Book SynopsisThe essays in Small Tech investigate the cultural impact of digital tools and provide fresh perspectives on mobile technologies such as iPods, digital cameras, and PDAs and software functions like cut, copy, and paste and WYSIWYG. Together they advance new thinking about digital environments.

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