Electronics and communications engineering Books

Book SynopsisMathematical calculations for subsynchronous system modeling Subsynchronous Resonance in Power Systems provides in-depth guidance toward the parameters, modeling, and analysis of this complex subclass of power systems. Emphasizing field testing to determine the data required, this book facilitates thorough and efficient oscillation and damping modeling using eigenvalues of a system's linear model. Expert discussion provides step-by-step instruction for generator, network, and turbine-generator shaft models, followed by detailed tutorials for model testing and analysis based on IEEE, CORPALS, and SSR eigenvalue analysis. Comprehensive in scope and practical in focus, this book is an invaluable resource for anyone working with frequencies below 60 Hz.Table of ContentsPreface. PART 1: INTRODUCTION. Chapter 1: Introduction. 1.1 Definition of SSR. 1.2 Power System Modeling. 1.3 Introduction to SSR. 1.3.1 Types of SSR Interactions. 1.3.2 Analytical Tools. 1.4 Eigenvalue Analysis. 1.4.1 Advantages of Eigenvalue Computation. 1.4.2 Disadvantages of Eigenvalue Calculation. 1.5 Conclusions. 1.6 Purpose, Scope, and Assumptions. 1.7 Guidelines for Using This Book. 1.8 SSR References. 1.8.1 General References. 1.8.2 SSR References. 1.8.3 Eigenvalue/Eigenvector Analysis References. 1.9 References for Chapter 1. PART 2: SYSTEM MODELING. Chapter 2: The Generator Model. 2.1 The Synchronous Machine Structure. 2.2 The Machine Circuit Inductances. 2.2.1 Stator Self Inductances. 2.2.2 Stator Mutual Inductances. 2.2.3 Rotor Self Inductances. 2.2.4 Rotor Mutual Inductances. 2.2.5 Stator-to-Rotor Mutual Inductances. 2.3 Park's Transformation. 2.4 The Voltage Equations. 2.5 The Power and Torque Equations. 2.6 Normalization of the Equations. 2.7 Analysis of the Direct Axis Equations. 2.8 Analysis of the Quadrature Axis Equations. 2.9 Summary of Machine Equations. 2.10 Machine-Network Interface Equations. 2.11 Linear State-Space Machine Equations. 2.12 Excitation Systems. 2.13 Synchronous Machine Saturation. 2.13.1 Parameter Sensitivity to Saturation. 2.13.2 Saturation in SSR Studies. 2.14 References for Chapter 2. Chapter 3: The Network Model. 3.1 An Introductory Example. 3.2 The Degenerate Network. 3.3 The Order of Complexity of the Network. 3.4 Finding the Network State Equations. 3.5 Transforming the State Equations. 3.6 Generator Frequency Transformation. 3.7 Modulation of the 60 Hz Network Response. 3.8 References for Chapter 3. Chapter 4: The Turbine-Generator Shaft Model. 4.1 Definitions and Conventions. 4.2 The Shaft Torque Equations. 4.3 The Shaft Power Equations. 4.4 Normalization of the Shaft Equations. 4.5 The Incremental Shaft Equations. 4.6 The Turbine Model. 4.7 The Complete Turbine and Shaft Model. 4.8 References for Chapter 4. PART 3: SYSTEM PARAMETERS. Chapter 5: Synchronous Generator Model Parameters. 5.1 Conventional Stability Data. 5.1.1 Approximations Involved in Parameter Computation. 5.2 Measured Data from Field Tests. 5.2.1 Standstill Frequency Response (SSFR) Tests. 5.2.2 Generator Tests Performed Under Load. 5.2.2.1 The On-Line Frequency Response Test. 5.2.2.2 Load Rejection Test. 5.2.2.3 Off-Line Frequency Domain Analysis of Disturbances. 5.2.3 Other Test Methods. 5.2.3.1 The Short Circuit Test. 5.2.3.2 Trajectory Sensitivity Based Identification. 5.3 Parameter Fitting from Test Results. 5.4 Sample Test Results. 5.5 Frequency Dependent R and X Data. 5.6 Other Sources of Data. 5.7 Summary. 5.8 References for Chapter 5. Chapter 6: Turbine-Generator Shaft Model Parameters. 6.1 The Shaft Spring-Mass Model. 6.1.1 Neglecting the Shaft Damping. 6.1.2 Approximate Damping Calculations. 6.1.2.1 Model Adjustment. 6.1.2.2 Model Adjustment for Damping. 6.1.2.3 Model Adjustment for Frequencies. 6.1.2.4 Iterative Solution of the Inertia Adjustment Equations. 6.2 The Modal Model. 6.3 Field Tests for Frequencies and Damping. 6.4 Damping Tests. 6.4.1 Transient Method. 6.4.2 Steady-State Method. 6.4.3 Speed Signal Processing. 6.4.4 Other Methods. 6.4.5 Other Factors. 6.5 References for Chapter 6. PART 4: SYSTEM ANALYSIS. Chapter 7: Eigen Analysis. 7.1 State-Space Form of System Equations. 7.2 Solution of the State Equations. 7.3 Finding Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors. 7.4 References for Chapter 7. Chapter 8: SSR Eigenvalue Analysis. 8.1 The IEEE First Benchmark Model. 8.1.1 The FBM Network Model. 8.1.2 The FBM Synchronous Generator Model. 8.1.3 The FBM Shaft Model. 8.2 The IEEE Second Benchmark Model. 8.2.1 Second Benchmark Model—System #1. 8.2.2 Second Benchmark Model—System #2. 8.2.3 SBM Generator, Circuit, and Shaft Data. 8.2.4 Computed Results for the Second Benchmark Models. 8.3 The CORPALS Benchmark Model. 8.3.1 The CORPALS Network Model. 8.3.2 The CORPALS Machine Models. 8.3.3 The CORPALS Eigenvalues. 8.4 An Example of SSR Eigenvalue Analysis. 8.4.1 The Spring-Mass Model. 8.4.2 The System Eigenvalues. 8.4.3 Computation of Net Modal Damping. 8.5 References for Chapter 8. Index. About the Authors.

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Book SynopsisBrings the knowledge of 24 experts in this maturing field out from the narrow confines of academic circles, and makes it accessible to graduate students and power electronics professionals alike. aeo Provides practicing engineers with the knowledge to predict power requirement behavior.Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgments. List of Contributing Authors. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION (D. C. Hamill, S. Banerjee, and G. C. Verghese). 1.1 Introduction to Power Electronics. 1.2 An Example: The Buck DC/DC Converter 5 1.3 Study of Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos in Power Electronics 15 1.4 Conclusions 20 CHAPTER 2: DYNAMIC MODELS OF POWER CONVERTERS. 2.1 Introduction to Power Electronic Converters and Models (G. C. Verghese and A. M. Stankovic). 2.2 A Closer Look at Sampled-Data Models for Power Converters (F. Vasca, M. di Bernardo, and G. Olivar). CHAPTER 3: BASICS OF BIFURCATION AND CHAOS THEORY. 3.1 Introduction to Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos (S. Banerjee). 3.2 Bifurcations of Smooth Maps J. H. B. Deane). 3.3 Bifurcations in Piecewise-Smooth Maps (S. Banerjee and C. Grebogi). 3.4 Nonstandard Bifurcations in Discontinuous Maps (/. Dobson and S. Banerjee). 3.5 The Method of Schwarzian Derivatives (C. K. Tse). 3.6 Coexisting Attractors, Basins of Attraction, and Crises (E. Fossas and G. Olivar). CHAPTER 4: EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPUTATIONAL TECHNIQUES FOR INVESTIGATION OF NONLINEAR PHENOMENA. 4.1 Techniques of Experimental Investigation (C K. Tse). 4.2 Techniques of Numerical Investigation (S. Banerjee and D. C. Hamill). 4.3 Computation of Averages Under Chaos (J. L Rodriguez Marrero, G. C. Verghese, R. Santos Bueno, and S. H. Isabelle). 4.4 Calculation of Spectral Peaks in a Chaotic DC/DC Converter (J. H. B. Deane). 4.5 Computer Methods to Analyze Stability and Bifurcation Phenomena (Y. Kuroe). 4.6 Computation of Operating-Mode Boundaries (Y. Kuroe, T. Kato, and G. C. Verghese). CHAPTER 5: NONLINEAR PHENOMENA IN DC/DC CONVERTERS. 5.1 Border Collision Bifurcations in the Current-Mode-Controlled Boost Converter (S. Banerjee and P. Ranjan). 5.2 Bifurcation and Chaos in the Voltage-Controlled Buck Converter with Latch (S. Banerjee, D. Kastha, and S. Das). 5.3 Routes to Chaos in the Voltage-Controlled Buck Converter without Latch (M. di Bernardo, G. Olivar, and F. Vasca). 5.4 Saddle-Node and Neimark Bifurcations in PWM DC/DC Converters (C. C. Fang and E. H. Abed). 5.5 Nonlinear Analysis of Operation in Discontinuous-Conduction Mode (C. K. Tse). 5.6 Nonlinear Phenomena in the Cuk Converter (C. K. Tse). CHAPTER 6: NONLINEAR DYNAMICS IN THYRISTOR AND DIODE CIRCUITS (/. Dobson). 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Ideal Diode and Thyristor Switching Rules. 6.3 Static VAR System Example. 6.4 Poincare Map. 6.5 Jacobian of Poincare Map. 6.6 Switching Damping. 6.7 Switching Time Bifurcations. 6.8 Diode Circuits. 6.9 Firing Angle Control. CHAPTER 7: NONLINEAR PHENOMENA IN OTHER POWER ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS. 7.1 Modeling a Nonlinear Inductor Circuit (J. H. B. Deane). 7.2 Inverters Under Tolerance Band Control (A. Magauer). 7.3 Nonlinear Noise Effects in Power Converters (P. T. Krein and P. Midya). 7.4 Nonlinear Phenomena in the Current Control of Induction Motors (/. Nagy and Z. Suto). 7.5 Analysis of Stability and Bifurcation in Power Electronic Induction Motor Drive Systems (Y. Kuroe). CHAPTER 8: NONLINEAR CONTROL AND CONTROL OF CHAOS. 8.1 Conventional Nonlinear Controls in Power Electronics (P. T. Krein). 8.2 Sliding Mode and Switching Surface Control (P. T. Krein). 8.3 Energy-Based Control in Power Electronics (A. M. Stankovic, G. Escobar, Ft. Ortega, and S. R. Sanders). 8.4 Ripple Correlation Control (P. T. Krein). 8.5 Control of Chaos (M. di Bernardo, G. Olivar, and C. Battle). 8.6 Closed-Loop Regulation of Chaotic Operation (J. L Rodriguez Marrero, R. Santos Bueno, and G. C. Verghese). 8.7 Control of Bifurcation (C. K. Tse and Y.-M. Lai). 8.8 Synchronization of Chaos (C. K. Tse). Index. About the Editors.

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Book SynopsisThis text covers key mathematical principles and algorithms for nonlinear filters used in image processing. It offers insight into the underlying mathematical and filter design methodologies needed to construct and use nonlinear filters in a variety of applications.Table of ContentsPreface. Logical Image Operators (E. Dougherty & J. Barrera). Computational Gray-Scale Operators (E. Dougherty & J. Barrera). Translation-Invariant Set Operators (E. Dougherty). Granulometric Filters (E. Dougherty & Y. Chen) Easy Recipes for Morphological Filters (H. Heijmans). Introduction to Connected Operators (H. Heijmans). Representation and Optimization of Stack Filters (J. Astola & P. Kuosmanen). Invariant Signals of Median and Stack Filters (J. Astola & P. Kuosmanen). Binary Polynomial Transforms and Logical Correlation (K. Egiazarian, et al.). Applications of Binary Polynomial Transforms (K. Egiazarian, et al.). Random Sets in View of Image Filtering Applications (I. Molchanov). Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book was written to take the mystery out of ESD. It explains how ESD is generated, and how it affects electronic equipment. This explanation brings ESD out of the realm of black magic and into the sphere of science. Even more important, this book explains how to design equipment to prevent ESD problems. This discussion of ESD design solutions not only includes design guidelines, but explains why they work. It also exposes myths that have developed about ESD and why they are incorrect. Finally, this book discusses the methods of testing for ESD problems. This discussion covers not only the test hardware, but also test procedures and methods that ensure meaningful results. The information contained in the following pages should help the reader prevent many (if not most) ESD problems.Table of ContentsPreface. Chapter 1: A Model of the Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Event. Chapter 2: ESD Effects in Electronic Equipment. Chapter 3: Firmware/Software Design Guidelines. Chapter 4: Printed Wiring Board Design Guidelines. Chapter 5: Cable Design Guidelines. Chapter 6: Enclosure Design Guidelines. Chapter 7: Electronic Circuit Design Guidelines. Chapter 8: Manufacturing, Shipping, and Installation Guidelines. Chapter 9: ESD Simulator Design and Usage. Chapter 10: Guidelines for ESD Facilities and Test Methods. Chapter 11: Statistical Sampling Criteria. Appendix: Sample ESD Test Specification. Bibliography. Index. About the Author.

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Book SynopsisCompanies and research labs worldwide are racing to develop Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) technology, a far-reaching advancement in the fiber optical communications field. To help you keep pace with these latest developments, this all-in-one resource brings you a clear, concise overview of the technology that is transporting and processing vast amounts of information at the speed of light. Until now, no book offered a practical introduction to DWDM advances. INTRODUCTION TO DWDM TECHNOLOGY will help you learn all the essentials for this emerging field: * Principles of physics underlying optical devices * Optical components needed to design optical and DWDM systems * Coding and decoding techniques used in optical communications * Overview of DWDM systems * State-of-the-art research trends Complete with four-color illustrations to show how devices work, this comprehensive book provides an invaluable discussion of DWDTable of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgments. Introduction. FUNDAMENTALS OF LIGHT. The Nature of Light. Interaction of Light with Matter. OPTICAL COMPONENTS. The Optical Waveguide: The Fiber. Optical Spectral Filters and Gratings. Optical Demultiplexers. Light Sources. Photodetectors. Light Amplifiers. Other Optical Components. Optical Cross-Connects. Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers. CODING OPTICAL INFORMATION. Digital Transmission and Coding Techniques. Decoding Optical Information. DENSE WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXING. DWDM Systems. Engineering DWDM Systems. DWDM Topologies. DWDM CURRENT ISSUES AND RESEARCH. State of the Art. Acronyms and Abbreviations. Answers. Index. About the Author.

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Book SynopsisThis book covers the design of next generation microprocessors in deep submicron CMOS technologies. The chapters in Design of High Performance Microprocessor Circuits were written by some of the world's leading technologists, designers, and researchers.Table of ContentsPreface. OVERVIEW. Impact of Physical Technology on Architecture (John H. Edmondson). TECHNOLOGY ISSUES. CMOS Scaling and Issues in SUB-0.25µm Systems (Yuan Taur). Techniques for Leakage Power Reduction (Vivek De, Yibin Ye, et al.). Low-Voltage Technologies (Tadahiro Kuroda and Takayasu Sakurai). SOI Technology and Circuits (Ghavam G. Shahidi, Fari Assaderaghi and Dimitri Antoniadis). Models of Process Variations in Device and Interconnect (Duane Boning and Sani Nassif). CIRCUIT STYLES FOR LOGIC. Basic Logic Families (Kerry Bernstein). Issues in Dynamic Logic Design (Paul Gronowski). Self-Timed Pipelines (Ted Williams). High-Speed VLSI Arithmetic Units: Adders and Multipliers (Vojin G. Oklobdzija). CLOCKING. Clocked Storage Elements (Hamid Partovi). Design of High-Speed CMOS PLLs and DLLs (John George Maneatis). Clock Distribution (Daniel W. Bailey). MEMORY SYSTEM DESIGN. Register Files and Caches (Ronald Preston). Embedded DRAM (Tadaaki Yamauchi and Michihiro Yamada). INTERCONNECT AND I/O. Analyzing On-Chip Interconnect Effects (Noel Menezes and Lawrence Pileggi). Techniques for Driving Interconnect (Shannon V. Morton). I/O and ESD Circuit Design (Stephen C. Thierauf and Warren R. Anderson). High-Speed Electrical Signaling (Stefanos Sidropoulos, Chih-Kong Ken Yang, and Mark Horowitz). RELIABILITY. Electromigration Reliability (J. Joseph Clement). Hot Carrier Reliability (Kaizad Mistry). CAD TOOLS AND TEST. Overview of Computer-Aided Design Tools (Yao-Tsung Yen). Timing Verification (Victor Peng). Design and Analysis of Power Distribution Networks (David Blaauw, Rajendran Panda, and Rajat Chaudhry). Testing of High-Performance Processors (Dilip K. Bhavsar). Index.

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Book SynopsisElectrical Engineering High-Power Microwave Sources and Technologies A volume in the IEEE Press Series on RF and Microwave Technology Roger D. Pollard and Richard Booton, Series Editors Written by a prolific group of leading researchers, High-Power Microwave Sources and Technologies focuses primarily on the high-power microwave (HPM) technology most appropriate for military applications. It highlights the advances achieved from 1995 to 2000 as the result of a US Department of Defense (DoD) funded, $15 million Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI) program. The grant created a synergy between researchers in the DoD laboratories and the academic community, and established links with the microwave vacuum electronics industry, which has led to unprecedented collaborations that transcend laboratory and disciplinary boundaries. This essential reference provides the history, state-of-the-art, and possible future of HPM source research and technologies. The first alternative tTrade Review"...important and unique..." (Microwave Journal, 2003)Table of ContentsForeword by Dr. Delores Etter. Preface. Acknowledgments. List of Contributors. List of Acronyms and Abbreviations. Introduction. HPM Sources: The DOD Perspective. Gigawatt-Class Sources. Pulse Shortening. Relativistic erenkov Devices. Gyrotron Oscillators and Amplifiers. Active Plasma Loading of HPM Devices. Beam Transport and RF Control. Cathodes and Electron Guns. Windows and RF Breakdown. Computational Techniques. Alternative Approaches and Future Challenges. Index. About the Editors.

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Book SynopsisIntelligent signal processing (ISP) differs fundamentally from the classical approach to statistical signal processing in that the input--output behavior of a complex system is modeled by using an artificial intelligence capable of optimizing results.Table of ContentsPreface. List of Contributors. Humanistic Intelligence: "Wear Comp" As a New Framework and Application for Intelligent Signal Processing. Adaptive Stochastic Resonance. Learning in the Presence of Noise. Incorporating Prior Information in Machine Learning by Creating Virtual Examples. Deterministic Annealing for Clustering, Compression, Classification, Regression, and Speech recognition. Local Dynamic Modeling with Self-Organizing Maps and Applications to Nonlinear System Identification and Control. A Signal Processing Framework Based on Dynamic Neural Networks with Application to Problems in Adaptation, Filtering and Classification. Semiparametric Support Vector Machines for Nonlinear Model Estimation. Gradient-Based Learning Applied to Document Recognition. Pattern Recognition Using A Family of Design Algorithms Based Upon Generalized Probabilistic Descent Method. An Approach to Adaptive Classification. Reduced-Rank Intelligent Signal Processing with Application to Radar. Signal Detection in a Nonstationary Environment Reformulated as an Adaptive Pattern Classification Problem. Data Representation Using Mixtures of Principal Components. Image Denoising by Sparse Code Shrinkage. Index. About the Editors.

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Book SynopsisIn the past decade, the wireless communications community recognized adaptive antennas as a core technology that would help existing systems overcome problems related to spectrum efficiency and provide a vehicle to achieve the ambitious requirements of next--generation networks.Table of ContentsPreface xi Chapter 1 Introduction and Channel Models 1 Adaptive Antenna Systems 3B. Widrow, P. E. Mantey, L. J. Griffiths, and B. B. Goode {IEEE Proceedings, December 1967) Overview of Spatial Channel Models for Antenna Array Communication Systems 20R. B. Ertel, P. Cardieri, K. W. Sowerby, T. S. Rappaport, and J. H. Reed (IEEE Personal Communications Magazine, February 1998). Antenna Systems for Base Station Diversity in Urban Small and Micro Cells 33P. C. F. Eggers, J. Tcttgard, and A. M. Oprea {Journal on Selected Areas of Communication, September1993). A Statistical Model for Angle of Arrival in Indoor Multipath Propagation 44Q. Spencer, M. Rice, B. Jeffs, and M. Jensen {IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, May 1997). Chapter 2 Adaptive Algorithms 49 Highlights of Statistical Signal and Array Processing 51A. Hero {IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, September 1998). Application of Antenna Arrays to Mobile Communications, Part II: Beamforming and Direction-of-Arrival Considerations 95L. C. Godara {Proceedings of the IEEE, August 1997). High-Resolution Frequency-Wavenumber Spectrum Analysis 146J. Capon {Proceedings of the IEEE, August 1969). An Algorithm for Linearly Constrained Adaptive Array Processing 157O. L. Frost lll{Proceedings of the IEEE, August 1972). The Application of Spectral Estimation Methods to Bearing Estimation Problems 167D. H. Johnson {Proceedings of the IEEE, September 1982). On Spatial Smoothing for Direction-of-Arrival Estimation of Coherent Signals 178T-J. Shan, M. Wax, and T. Kailath {IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, August 1985). Detection of Signals by Information Theoretic Criteria 184M. Wax and T. Kailath {IEEE Transaction on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, April 1985). Multiple Emitter Location and Signal Parameter Estimation 190R. O. Schmidt {IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, March 1986). Using Spectral Estimation Techniques in Adaptive Processing Antenna Systems 195W. F. Gabriel {IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, March 1986). Implementation of Adaptive Array Algorithms 205R. Schreiber {IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, October 1986). Steady State Analysis of the Generalized Sidelobe Canceller by Adaptive Noise Cancelling Techniques 213N. K. Jablon {IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, March 1986). Adaptive-Adaptive Array Processing 221E. Brookner and J. M. Howell {Proceedings of the IEEE, April 1986). ESPRIT—Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Techniques 224R. Roy and T. Kailath {IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, July 1989). Spectral Self-Coherence Restoral: A New Approach to Blind Adaptive Signal Extraction Using AntennaArrays 236B. G. Agee, S. V. Schell, and W. A. Gardner {Proceedings of the IEEE, April 1990). Sensor Array Processing Based on Subspace Fitting 250M. Viberg and B. Ottersten {IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, May 1991). Direction-of-Arrival Estimation via Exploitation of Cyclostationarity—A Combination of Temporal andSpatial Processing 261G. Xu and T. Kailath {IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, July 1992). Space-Alternating Generalized Expectation Maximization Algorithm 272J. A. Fessler and A. O. Hero {IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, October 1994). Unitary ESPRIT: How to Obtain Increased Estimation Accuracy with a Reduced Computational Burden 286M. Haardt and J. A. Nossek {IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, May 1995). Joint Angle and Delay Estimation (JADE) for Multipath Signals Arriving at an Antenna Array 297M. C. Vanderveen, C. B. Papadias, and A. Paulraj {IEEE Communications Letters, January 1997). Chapter 3 Performance Issues 301 Smart Antennas for Mobile Communication Systems: Benefits and Challenges 303G. V. Tsoulos {Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal, April 1999). An Adaptive Array in a Spread-Spectrum Communication System 314R. T. Compton, Jr. {Proceedings of the IEEE, March 1978). On the Performance of a Polarization Sensitive Adaptive Array 324R. T. Compton, Jr. {IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, September 1981). Effect of Mutual Coupling on the Performance of Adaptive Arrays 332I. J. Gupta and A. A. Ksienski {IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, September 1983). Optimum Combining in Digital Mobile Radio with Co-channel Interference 339J. H. Winters {IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, August 1984). On Optimum Combining at the Mobile 351R. G. Vaughan {IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, November 1988). The Performance of an LMS Adaptive Array with Frequency Hopped Signals 359L. Acar and R. T. Compton, Jr. {IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, May 1985). An LMS Adaptive Array for Multipath Fading Reduction 371Y. Ogawa, M. Ohmiya, and K. Itoh {IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, January 1987). Optimum Combining for Indoor Radio Systems with Multiple Users 378J. H. Winters {IEEE Transactions on Communications, November 1987). The Performance Enhancement of Multibeam Adaptive Base-Station Antennas for Cellular Land MobileRadio Systems 387S. C. Swales, M. A. Beach, D. J. Edwards, and J. P. McGeehan {IEEE Transactions on VehicularTechnology, February 1990). Combination of an Adaptive Array Antenna and a Canceller of Interference for Direct-Sequence Spread-Spectrum Multiple-Access System 399R. Kohno, H. Imai, M. Hatori, and S. Pasupathy {IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, May 1990). Direction Finding in the Presence of Mutual Coupling 406B. Friendlander and A. J. Weiss {IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, March 1991). Improving the Performance of a Slotted ALOHA Packet Radio Network with an Adaptive Array 418J. Ward and R. T. Compton, Jr. {IEEE Transactions on Communications, February 1992). Signal Acquisition and Tracking with Adaptive Arrays in the Digital Mobile Radio System IS-54 with Flat Fading 427J. H. Winters {IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, November 1993). Effect of Fading Correlation on Adaptive Arrays in Digital Mobile Radio 435J. Salz and J. H. Winters {IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, November 1994). Capacity Improvement with Base-Station Antenna Arrays in Cellular CDMA 444A. F. Naguib, A. Paulraj, and T. Kailath {IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, August 1994). Analytical Results for Capacity Improvements in CDMA 452J. C. Liberti and T. S. Rappaport {IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, August 1994). Adaptive Transmitting Antenna Arrays with Feedback 463D. Gerlach and A. Paulraj {IEEE Signal Processing Letters, October 1994). Adaptive Antennas for Third Generation DS-CDMA Cellular Systems 466G. V. Tsoulos, M. A. Beach, and S. C. Swales {Proceedings of 45th Vehicular Technology Conference, July 1995). The Spectrum Efficiency of Base Station Antenna Array System for Spatially Selective Transmission 471P. Zetterberg and B. Ottersten {IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, August 1995). Capacity Enhancement and BER in a Combined SDMA/TDMA System 481J. Fuhl and A. F. Molisch {Proceedings of the 46th Vehicular Technology Conference, April 1996). Performance of Wireless CDMA with M-ary Orthogonal Modulation and Cell Site Antenna Arrays 486A. F. Naguib and A. Paulraj {IEEE Journal of Selected Areas in Communications, December 1996). Smart Antenna Arrays for CDMA Systems 500J. S. Thompson, P. N. Grant, and B. Mulgrew {IEEE Personal Communications Magazine, October 1996). Efficient Direction and Polarization Estimation with a COLD Array 510J. Li, P. Stoica and D. Zheng {IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, April 1996). Upper Bounds on the Bit-Error Rate of Optimum Combining in Wireless Systems 519J. H. Winters and J. Salz {IEEE Transactions on Communications, December 1998). The Range Increase of Adaptive Versus Phased Arrays in Mobile Radio Systems 525J. H. Winters and M. J. Gans {IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, March 1999). A Comparison of Two Systems for Downlink Communication with Base Station Antenna Arrays 535P. Zetterberg {IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, September 1999). Chapter 4 Implementation Issues 551 Fundamentals of Digital Array Processing 553D. E. Dudgeon {Proceedings of the IEEE, June 1977). A Novel Algorithm and Architecture for Adaptive Digital Beamforming 560C. P. Ward, P. J. Hargrave, and J. G. McWhirter {IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, March 1986). Nonlinearities in Digital Manifold Phased Arrays 569B. D. Mathews {IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, November 1986). Adaptive Beamforming with the Generalized Sidelobe Canceller in the Presence of Array Imperfections 579N. K. Jablon {IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, August 1986). An Efficient Algorithm and Systolic Architecture for Multiple Channel Adaptive Filtering 596S. M. Yuen, K. Abend, and R. S. Berkowitz {IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, May 1988). Mutual Coupling Compensation in Small Array Antennas 603H. Steyskal and J. S. Herd {IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, December 1995). A Unified Approach to the Design of Robust Narrow-Band Antenna Array Processors 607M-H. Er and A. Cantoni {IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, January 1990). Design Trades for Rotman Lenses 614R. C. Hansen {IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, April 1991). Optimum Networks for Simultaneous Multiple Beam Antennas 623E. C. DuFort (IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, January 1992). Direction Finding in Phased Arrays with a Neural Network Beamformer 630H. L. Southall, J. A. Simmers, and T. H. O'Donnell (IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,December 1995). Application of Orthogonal Codes to the Calibration of Active Phased Array Antennas for CommunicationSatellites 636S. D. Silverstein (IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, January 1997). The Analogy Between the Butler Matrix and the Neural-Network Direction-Finding Array 649R. J. Mailloux and H. L. Southall (IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, December 1997). Forward-Backward Averaging in the Presence of Array Manifold Errors 655M. Zatman and D. Marshall (IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, November 1998). Chapter 5 Experiments 661 Multiple Source DF Signal Processing: An Experimental System 663R. O. Schmidt and R. E. Franks (IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, March 1986). An Implementation of a CMA Adaptive Array for High Speed GMSK Transmission in MobileCommunications 673T. Ohgane, T. Shimura, N. Matsuzawa, and H. Sasaoka (IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,August 1993). A Four-Element Adaptive Antenna Array for IS-136 PCS Base Stations 680R. L. Cupo, G. D. Golden, C. C. Martin, K. L. Sherman, N. R. Sollenberger, J. H. Winters, and P. W.Wolniasky (IEEE 46th Vehicular Technology Conference, May 1996). Ericsson/Mannesmann GSM Field-Trials with Adaptive Antennas 685S. Anderson, U. Forssen, J. Karlsson, T. Witzschel, P. Fischer, and A. Krug (IEEE 46th VehicularTechnology Conference, May 1996). Preliminary Measurement Results from an Adaptive Antenna Array Testbed for GSM/UMTS 690P. E. Mogensen, K. I. Pedersen, P. Leth-Espensen, B. Fleury, F. Frederiksen, K. Olesen, and S. L. Larsen(IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, May 1997). Performance Evaluation of a Cellular Base Station Multibeam Antenna 695Y. Li, M. Feuerstein, and D. O. Reudink (IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, February 1997). Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA) Field Trials. Part 1: Tracking and BER Performance 704G. V. Tsoulos, J. McGeehan, and M. Beach (IEE Proceedings of Radar, Sonar, and Navigation, February1998). Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA) Field Trials. Part 2: Calibration and Linearity Issues 710G. V. Tsoulos, J. McGeehan, and M. Beach (IEE Proceedings of Radar, Sonar, and Navigation, February1998). Chapter 6 Applications and Planning Issues 717 High Data Rate Indoor Wireless Communications Using Antenna Arrays 719M. J. Gans, R. A. Valenzuela, J. H. Winters, and M. J. Carloni (6th International Symposium on Personal,Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, September 1995). On Optimizing Base Station Antenna Array Topology for Coverage Extension in Cellular Radio Networks 726J-W. Liang and A. J. Paulraj (IEEE 45th Vehicular Technology Conference, July 1995). Usage of Adaptive Arrays to Solve Resource Planning Problems 731M. Frullone, P. Grazioso, C. Passerini, and G. Riva (Proceedings of the 46th Vehicular TechnologyConference, April 1996). Subscriber Location in CDMA Cellular Networks 735J. Caffery, Jr. and G. L. Stiiber {IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, May 1998). On the Capacity Formula for Multiple Input-Multiple Output Wireless Channels: A Geometric Interpretation 745P. F. Driessen and G. J. Foschini (IEEE Transactions on Communications, February 1999). Optimum Space-Time Processors with Dispersive Interference: Unified Analysis and Required Filter Span 749S. L. Ariyavisitakul, J. H. Winters, and I. Lee (IEEE Transactions on Communications, July 1999). Author Index 761 Subject Index 763

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Book SynopsisElectrical Engineering Probabilistic Risk Assessment and Management for Engineers and Scientists Second Edition State of the art in risk analysis...[this book] projects the technology into the next decade. Congratulations to the authors on a virtuoso performance. -Charles Donaghey, University of Houston A very useful reference to the academic and government communities, and junior engineering staff within nuclear, chemical, transportation, aerospace, and other industries. -Yovan Lukic, Arizona Public Service Company As the demands of government agencies and insurance companies escalate, societal risk assessment and management become increasingly critical to the development and use of engineered systems in the full range of industrial installations. Packed with real-world examples and practical mathematical and statistical methods for large, complex systems, this definitive text and sourcebook gives you the guidance you need for thorough and conclusive study. You''ll find new and updateTable of ContentsPreface. Basic Risk Concepts. Accident Mechanisms and Risk Management. Probabilistic Risk Assessment. Fault-Tree Construction. Qualitative Aspects of System Analysis. Quantification of Basic Events. Confidence Intervals. Quantitative Aspects of System Analysis. System Quantification for Dependent Events. Human Reliability. Uncertainty Quantification. Legal and Regulatory Risks. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis comprehensive book, which provides a succinct-as-possible glossary of the plethora of terms commonly used in communications, is destined to become an indispensable desk-side reference for engineers and others working in the area. - Curtis Siller, Lucent Technologies Are you sometimes overwhelmed by the overabundance of jargon encountered in technical books and articles? Hargrave''s Communications Dictionary is a treasure of simplified communications terms, definitions, acronyms, charts, equations, and a wealth of related information amassed over the author''s extensive engineering career. From ATM to Zone Paging, this volume includes over ten thousand definitions of key phrases that readers in industry, government, and academia need to understand. Many definitions incorporate basic tools for problem solving not found in other publications-such as drawings, graphs, charts, and references to IEEE standards. Real-world examples associated with voice and dataTrade Review"...a good resource for basic to intermediate-level students...as a quick reference for more experienced electronic technicians and engineers." (American Reference Books Annual, Vol. 33)Table of ContentsPreface. Symbols. 0—9. Dictionary from A to Z. Appendix A: "AT" Fax/Modem Commands. Modem Commands. FAX Commands. Common FAX Commands. CLASS 1 FAX Commands. CLASS 2 FAX Commands. Appendix B: "AT" Fax/Modem S-Registers. Appendix C: "AT" Fax/Modem Result Messages. Appendix D: Greek Alphabet. Appendix E: ITU-T Recommendation Titles. Appendix F: ITU-R Recommendation Titles. Appendix G: Internet RFCs. Appendix H: Record of Access Codes. Index. About the Author.

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Book SynopsisRadio software refers to the computer programs in wireless devices that alter signals for speed and clarity. This volume covers: concepts of software radio, including historical and theoretical foundations; enabling technologies for realization of software radio, including radio frequency design, converter technologies, and more.Table of ContentsPreface. Chapter 1: Foundations. Software Radios: Survey, Critical Evaluation and Future Directions. The Software Radio Architecture. Technical Challenges in the Globalization of Software Radio. Software-Defined Radios: Facets of a Developing Technology. Software Radio Architecture: A Mathematical Perspective. Beyond Software Radio, Towards Re-configurability Across the Whole System and Across Networks. Chapter 2: Enabling Technologies. CMOS Wireless Transceivers: The New Wave. Analog-to-Digital Converters and Their Applications in Radio Receivers. Analog-to-Digital Converter Survey and Analysis. Power Consumption of A/D Converters for Software Radio Applications. An Overview of Sigma-Delta Converters. The Theory of Bandpass Sampling. RSFQ Front-end for a Software Radio Receiver. On Sampling Rate, Analog Prefiltering, and Sufficient Statistics for Digital Receivers. Digital IF Filter Technology for 3G Systems: An Introduction. The DSP Bottleneck. VLSI Design and Implementation Fuels the Signal-Processing Revolution. Digital Signal Processors in Cellular Radio Communications. Recent Developments in Enabling Technologies for Software Defined Radio. FPGA in the Software Radio. The Flexibility of Configurable Computing. Chapter 3: Systems and Architectures. Programmable Channelized Digital Radio. Speakeasy: The Military Software Radio. Advanced Digital Receiver Principles and Technologies for PCS. Broadband RF Stage Architecture for Software-Defined Radio in Handheld Terminal Applications. Trends in Silicon Radio Large Scale Integration: Zero IF Receiver! Zero I & Q Transmitter! Zero Discrete Passives! Advanced Base Station Technology. Advanced Software Radio Architecture for 3[superscript rd] Generation Mobile Systems. A Soft Radio Architecture for Reconfigurable Platforms. Software Radio Issues in Cellular Base Stations. A Low-Power DSP Core-Based Software Radio Architecture. DSP-Based Architectures for Mobile Communications: Past, Present and Future. Virtual Radios. Architectural Overview of SPEAKeasy System. An Architecture for Radio-Independent Wireless Access Networks. Software-Defined Radio Architectures for Interference Cancellation in DS-CDMA Systems. Chapter 4: Software-Defined Radio Emerging Technologies. Direction Finding and "Smart Antennas" Using Software Radio Architectures. Software Radio Architecture with Smart Antennas: A Tutorial on Algorithms and Complexity. The Rapidly Deployable Radio Network. Sample Rate Conversion for Software Radio. Mobile Middleware for the Reconfigurable Software Radio. Engineering the Embedded Software Radio. Cognitive Radio: Making Software Radios More Personal. Chapter 5: Software Defined Radio Applications and Economics. Mode Switching and Software Download for Software Defined Radio: The SDR Forum Approach. Toward the Software Realization of a GSM Base Station. Real-Time Implementation of a Reconfigurable IMT-2000 Base Station Channel Modem. Code-Division Multiplexing of a Sensor Channel: A Software Implementation. Software Radios for Airborne Platforms. Receiver Dimensioning in a Hybrid Multicarrier GSM Base Station. Software Radio Economics. Author Index. Subject Index. About the Editors.

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Book SynopsisThe cloth edition of the first volume ever to cover all aspects of architectural electromagnetic shielding is now back in print. Electromagnetic radiation produced from large power sources such as power lines or produced from weapons such as nuclear warheads can severely cripple electronic equipment.Table of ContentsForeword. Preface. Introduction. The Need for Radio Frequency Shielding. Shielding Theory. Modular Shielded Enclosures. Welded Shielded Enclosures. Architectural Shielding. Penetrations and Their Control. Electrical Filters. Enclosure Performance Specifications and Testing. Grounding of Shielded Enclosures. Design Checklists. Appendix A. Appendix B. Appendix C: Slected Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisAs we move closer to a genuinely global economy, the pressure to develop highly reliable products on ever-tighter schedules will increase. Part of a designer''s toolbox for achieving product reliability in a compressed time frame should be a set of best practices for utilizing accelerated stress testing (AST). The Accelerated Stress Testing Handbook delineates a core set of AST practices as part of an overall methodology for enhancing hardware product reliability. The techniques presented will teach readers to identify design deficiencies and problems with component quality or manufacturing processes early in the product''s life, and then to take corrective action as quickly as possible. A wide array of case studies gleaned from leading practitioners of AST supplement the theory and methodology, which will provide the reader with a more concrete idea of how AST truly enhances quality in a reduced time frame. Important topics covered include: Theoretical bTrade Review"This is a most thorough and up-to-date handbook...I highly recommend it to all readers in this field of interest..." (IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Magazine, December 2001)Table of ContentsFoerword (F. Ianna). Preface. Acknowledgments. OVERVIEW. Introduction (H. Chan and P. Englert). Principles of Stress Testing (H. Chan and P. Englert). PROCESS AND GUIDELINES. Stress Testing Program: Generic Processes (H. Chan and P. Englert). Stress Testing Program Subprocesses (H. Chan and P. Englert). Guidelines for Design and Manufacturing Stress Testing (H. Chan and P. Englert). THEORY. Economic and Optimization (H. Chan and P. Englert). Reliability Growth (C. Seusy). Overview of the Failure Analysis Process for Electrical Components (G. Pfeiffer). EQUIPMENT AND TECHNIQUES. Accelerated Stress Testing Equipment and Techniques (C. Felkins). Vibration and Shock Inputs Identify Some Failure Modes (W. Tustin). Relative Effectiveness of Thermal Cycling Versus Burn-In (K. Lo and F. LoVasco). Accelerated Qualification of Electronic Assemblies Under Combined Temperature Cycling and Vibration Environments: Is Miner's Hypothesis Valid (K. Upadhyayula and A. Dasgupta)? Liquid Environmental Stress Testing (LEST) (P. Englert). Safety Qualification of Stress Testing (S. Rajaram). BEST PRACTICES CASE STUDIES IN COMPUTER, COMMUNICATIONS, AND OTHER INDUSTRIES. Production Ast with Computers Using the Taguchi Method (D. Pachuki). Design Ast with Vendor Electronics (C. Schinner). Design and Production Ast with Power Supplies (D. Dalland). Design and Production Ast with Computers (E. Kyser). Qualifications and Production Sampling Ast with Printed Circuit Boards (H. McLean). Manufacturing Ast with Telecommunication Products (T. Parker and G. Harrison). Productionn Ast with Computer Disks. Benchmarking (H. Malec). Glossary of Stress Testing Terminology. Bibliography. Index. Epilogue. About the Editors.

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Book SynopsisBridging the gap between the video compression and communication communities, this unique volume provides an all-encompassing treatment of wireless video communications, compression, channel coding, and wireless transmission as a joint subject. WIRELESS VIDEO COMMUNICATIONS begins with relatively simple compression and information theoretical principles, continues through state-of-the-art and future concepts, and concludes with implementation-ready system solutions. This book''s deductive presentation and broad scope make it essential for anyone interested in wireless communications. It systematically converts the lessons of Shannon''s information theory into design principles applicable to practical wireless systems. It provides in a comprehensive manner implementation-ready overall system design and performance studies, giving cognizance to the contradictory design requirements of video quality, bit rate, delay, complexity error resilience, and other related system design aspectsTable of ContentsPreface xxiii Acknowledgments xxix Contributors xxxi I Transmission Issues 1 1 Information Theory 3 1.1 Issues in Information Theory 3 1.2 Additive White Gaussian Noise Channel 7 1.3 Information of a Source 11 1.4 Average Information of Discrete Memoryless Sources 12 1.5 Source Coding for a Discrete Memoryless Source 15 1.6 Average Information of Discrete Sources Exhibiting Memory 22 1.7 Examples 25 1.8 Generating Model Sources 28 1.9 Run-Length Coding for Discrete Sources Exhibiting Memory 31 1.10 Information Transmission via Discrete Channels 34 1.11 Capacity of Discrete Channels 49 1.12 Shannon's Channel Coding Theorem 53 1.13 Capacity of Continuous Channels 55 1.14 Shannon's Message and Its Implications for Wireless Channels . . . . 62 1.15 Summary and Conclusions 65 2 The Propagation Environment 67 2.1 The Cellular Concept 67 2.2 Radio Wave Propagation 71 2.3 Summary and Conclusions 92 3 Convolutional Channel Coding 93 3.1 Brief Channel Coding History 93 3.2 Convolutional Encoding 94 3.3 State and Trellis Transitions 96 3.4 The Viterbi Algorithm 98 3.5 Summary and Conclusions 106 4 Block-Based Channel Coding 107 4.1 Introduction 107 4.2 Finite Fields 108 4.3 Reed-Solomon and Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem Block Codes . . . . 114 4.4 RS and BCH Codec Performance 156 4.5 Summary and Conclusions 158 5 Modulation and Transmission Techniques 161 5.1 Modulation Issues 161 5.2 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing 197 5.3 Packet Reservation Multiple Access 201 5.4 Flexible Transceiver Architecture 202 5.5 Summary and Conclusions 204 6 Video Traffic Modeling and Multiple Access 205 6.1 Video Traffic Modeling 205 6.2 Multiple Access 223 6.3 Summary and Conclusions 243 7 Co-Channel Interference 247 7.1 Introduction 247 7.2 Factors Controlling Co-Channel Interference 248 7.3 Theoretical Signal-to-Interference Ratio 252 7.4 Simulation Parameters 255 7.5 Results for Multiple Interferers 258 7.6 Results for a Single Interferer 269 7.7 Summary and Conclusions 284 8 Channel Allocation 287 8.1 Introduction 287 8.2 Overview of Channel Allocation 288 8.3 Simulation of the Channel Allocation Algorithms 299 8.4 Performance Comparisons 310 8.5 Summary and Conclusions 335 9 Second-Generation Mobile Systems 339 9.1 The Wireless Communications Scene 339 9.2 Global System for Mobile Communications — GSM 342 10 CDMA Systems: Third-Generation and Beyond 365 10.1 Introduction 365 10.2 Basic CDMA System 366 10.3 Third-Generation Wireless Mobile Communication Systems 392 10.4 Summary and Conclusions 455 II Video Systems Based on Proprietary Video Codecs 457 11 Fractal Image Codecs 459 11.1 Fractal Principles 459 11.2 One-Dimensional Fractal Coding 462 11.3 Error Sensitivity and Complexity 471 11.4 Summary and Conclusions 473 12 Very Low Bit-Rate DCT Codecs 475 12.1 Video Codec Outline 475 12.2 The Principle of Motion Compensation 477 12.3 Transform Coding 492 12.4 The Codec Outline 499 12.5 Initial Intra-Prame Coding 502 12.6 Gain-Controlled Motion Compensation 502 12.7 The MCER Active/Passive Concept . 503 12.8 Partial Forced Update of the Reconstructed Frame Buffers 504 12.9 The Gain/Cost-Controlled Inter-Frame Codec 506 12.10 The Bit-Allocation Strategy 509 12.11Results 510 12.12 DCT Codec Performance under Erroneous Conditions 512 12.13 DCT-Based Low-Rate Video Transceivers 516 12.14 System Performance 524 12.15 Summary and Conclusions 535 13 VQ Codecs and Multimode Video Transceivers 537 13.1 Introduction 537 13.2 The Codebook Design 537 13.3 The Vector Quantizer Design 541 13.4 Performance under Erroneous Conditions 550 13.5 VQ-Based Low-Rate Video Transceivers 554 13.6 System Performance 558 13.7 Summary and Conclusions 564 14 Low Bit-Rate Parametric Quad-Tree-Based Codecs and Multimode Videophone Transceivers 567 14.1 Introduction 567 14.2 Quad-Tree Decomposition 568 14.3 Quad-Tree Intensity Match 571 14.4 Model-Based Parametric Enhancement 576 14.5 The Enhanced QT Codec 582 14.6 Performance under Erroneous Conditions 583 14.7 QT-Codec-Based Video Transceivers 586 14.8 QT-Based Video-Transceiver Performance 591 14.9 Summary of QT-Based Video Transceivers 595 14.lOSummary of Low-Rate Codecs/Transceivers 595 III High-Resolution Image Coding 601 15 Low-Complexity Techniques 603 15.1 Introduction and Video Formats 603 15.2 Differential Pulse Code Modulation 608 15.3 Block Truncation Coding 613 15.4 Subband Coding 618 15.5 Run-Length-Based Intra-Frame Subband Coding 630 15.6 Summary and Conclusions 637 16 High-Resolution DCT Coding 639 16.1 Introduction 639 16.2 Intra-Frame Quantizer Training 639 16.3 Motion Compensation for High-Quality Images 644 16.4 Inter-Frame DCT Coding 650 16.5 The Proposed Codec 658 16.6 Summary and Conclusions 669 IV Video Systems Based on Standard Video Codecs 673 17 An ARQ-Assisted H.261-Based Reconfigurable Multilevel Videophone System 675 17.1 Introduction 675 17.2 The H.261 Video Coding Standard 675 17.3 Effect of Transmission Errors on the H.261 Codec 692 17.4 A Wireless Reconfigurable Videophone System 710 17.5 H.261-Based Wireless Videophone System Performance 721 17.6 Summary and Conclusions 731 18 Comparison of the H.261 and H.263 Codecs 733 18.1 Introduction 733 18.2 The H.263 Coding Algorithms 735 18.3 Performance Results 757 18.4 Summary and Conclusions 776 19 A H.263 Videophone System for Use over Mobile Channels 777 19.1 Introduction 777 19.2 H.263 in a Mobile Environment 777 19.3 Design of an Error-Resilient Reconfigurable Videophone System . . . . 781 19.4 H.263-Based Video System Performance 790 19.5 Transmission Feedback 806 19.6 Summary and Conclusions 816 20 Error Rate Based Power Control 819 20.1 Background 819 20.2 Power Control Algorithm 819 20.3 Performance of the Power Control 824 20.4 Multimode Performance 832 20.5 Average Transmission Power 834 20.6 Optimization of Power Control Parameters 838 20.7 Power Control Performance at Various Speeds 845 20.8 Multiple Interferers 855 20.9 Summary and Conclusions 859 21 Adaptive Single-Carrier, Multicarrier, and CDMA-based Video Systems 861 21.1 Turbo-equalised H.263-based videophony for GSM/GPRS 861 21.2 Adaptive QAM-based Wireless Videophony 875 21.3 UMTS-like Burst-by-burst Adaptive CDMA Videophony 894 21.4 H.263/OFDM-Based Video Systems for Frequency-Selective Wireless Networks 908 21.5 Adaptive Turbo-coded OFDM-Based Videotelephony 927 21.6 Digital Terrestrial Video Broadcasting for Mobile Receivers 950 21.7 Satellite-Based Video Broadcasting 996 21.8 Summary and Conclusions 1018 21.9 Wireless Video System Design Principles 1020 Glossary 1023 Bibliography 1033 Subject Index 1065 Author Index 1081 About the Authors 1093

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsComplex Vectors. Dyadics. Field Equations. Field Transformations. Electromagnetic Field Solutions. Source Equivalence. Exact Image Theory. Appendix A: Problems. Appendix B: Solutions. Appendix C: Vector Formulas. Appendix D: Dyadic Identities. Author Index. Subject Index.

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Book SynopsisA textbook and workbook introducing several theories of human and mass communication in a straightforward manner. Relying heavily on examples and exercises, the chapters are relatively short and include a founding or early journal article and reference to a more recent article that can be assigned. Instructors can use the book as a core text supplemented with readings and lectures, or as a supplement.

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Book SynopsisElectronic Media and Industrialized Nations considers the approaches that industrialized nations have taken to introduce, develop, control, and use electronic media. Browne compares and contrasts through detailed case studies, the experiences of several nations--France, Germany (both East and West), the Soviet Union and Russia, and the Netherlands--by presenting them in light of the political, economic, cultural, geographical, and demographic factors that both shape and reflect society. He then compares the pros and cons of those experiences, adds specific examples from still other industrialized nations, and proposes an ideal system as a way of focusing attention on what the media could and should do to play supportive roles in society. Browne readily acknowledges his own biases. He makes it abundantly clear that he believes those who regulate, administer, produce, and receive have an obligation to understand how the electronic media function and how the media should Table of ContentsPreface. 1. Comparing Electronic Media Systems. 2. France: From Competition to Monopoly and Back Again. 3. The Netherlands: Plurality in an Era of Competition. 4. Germany: States’ Rights, National Goals and Unification. 5. The Soviet Union and Russia: From Communism to Capitalism?. 6. What’s Comparable, What Isn’t and What It May Mean. Notes. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisProvides practical exercises to sharpen student skill and complements "Editing Today, Second Edition".

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Book SynopsisIts clear, easy-to-understand and inclusion of tips and information for students seeking a career in Ag communications makes Agricultural Communication: Changes and Challenges a good choice for those seeking a textbook introduction to the field. --Tracy Irani, University of Florida in Journalism & Mass Communication Educator, Winter 2001 This book encourages readers to ask some straightforward questions about the direction of agricultural communication programs. --Robin Shepard, University of Wisconsin, Madison in Journal of Applied Communications, Volume 84, No.4, 2000 Although written primarily for agricultural communications and journalism students, these quotes point out that this practical applied text will satisfy both students and the academic community. Now in its second printing, this popular book fills a void in teaching materials for agricultural communications. Through presentation of historical information, Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgments. Chapter 1 Agricultural Communications Across the Ages. Chapter 2 The New Age of Agriculture. Chapter 3 The Age of Choice. Chapter 4 The Age of Discovery: Research in Agricultural Communications. Chapter 5 Nexus of Ideas. Appendix. References. Index

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Book SynopsisAnswers the commonly asked questions about how digital signal processing--based machines work and what role DSP plays in the process. It shows you how DSP performs in real--test situations and uses mathematical concepts rather than derivations.Table of ContentsPreface. Chapter 1: Introduction to DSP-Based Testing. Overview of Testing. Emulation versus Automation. Invisible Instruments. Numerical Vectors. Vector Transfer. Vector and Array Processing Speed. Processor Speed. Floating-Point Mathematics. Phase-Lock Synchronization. Representative Digitizer. DSP-Based Test Advantages Summarized. Price of Using DSP . . . Chapter 2: Accuracy and Speed of Emulated Instruments. Hardware Emulation. Integration versus Filtering for AC Measurements. Coherent Measurement. Unit Test Period. Coherent Filtering. Correlation. Fourier Voltmeter. Software Version of the FVM. Orthogonal Signals and Fourier Voltmeters. DFT and FFT. Synthesis. Frequency Leakage. Graphical Example of FFT Application. Chapter 3: Noncoherent Sampling. Reconstruction. Time and Spectral Vectors. Imaging and Noncoherent Undersampling. Heterodyning and Reconstruction. Rules of Imaging. Sampling Rates and Spacing. Nyquist's Limit. Universal Rule for Noncoherent Sampling. Sine-X-over-X Distortion and Correction. Receiver/Reconstruction Filtering. Chapter 4: Coherence. Vector Periodicity. Amount of Information in a Vector. Effective Sampling Rate. Chapter 5: Multitone Testing. Multitone Distortion Measurement. Multitone Frequency Measurement. Multitone versus Single Tone Applications. Error Sources and Accuracy. Effect of Device Uncertainty on Multitone Tests. Factors Affecting Accuracy. Out-of-Band Measurement Uncertainty. Estimating Multitone Accuracy. Estimating Multitone Uncertainty Due to Quantization. Chapter 6: Vector Operations for DSP Testing. Vector Operations in DSP-Programming. Program Examples. Chapter 7: Event Digitizing. Explicit versus Implicit Sampling. Event Digitizer. Testing Tape Decks. Chapter 8: Measuring Random Noise. Equivalent Input Noise. Normalized Spectral Noise Density. Typical DSP Procedure. Input Resistors. Coupling Capacitor. Noise Bandwidth. Accuracy and Repeatability of Noise Measurements. Statistical Sampling versus DSP Sampling. Estimating the Repeatability of Local Measurements. Cautions about Averaging. Computing Spectral Power from a Sparsely Sampled Signal. Exercises. Chapter 9: Introduction to A/D Testing. A/D versus D/A Conversion. Transfer Maps. Transmission Parameters versus Intrinsic Parameters. Conversion Formats and Types. Uncertainty and Distortion of the Ideal ADC. DAC Transfer Error. Superposition Error. Adapting D/A Parameters to ADC Measurement. Probabilistic Estimation of ADC Input Noise. Dynamic Testing. Noise Improvement Figure. Random Voltage Noise. Induced Jitter Noise. Equivalent Number of Bits. Idle Noise and Noise Power Ratio. Separating Quantization Distortion from Noise. Chapter 10: Techniques for Flash Converter Testing. Linear Histogram Testing. Histograms with Sparkle Codes and Missing Codes. Obtaining the Transfer Function from the Histogram. Integral Linearity Error from the Transfer Curve. ILE Directly from DLE: A Fast Method. Centerlines for Histogram-Derived ILE. Integral Linearity from Weighted Code Centers. MIL-STD Regression Line Approach. Extreme Values of Linearity Error. Differential Linearity from Weighted Code Center Information. Dynamic Testing. Sinusoidal Histogram Testing. Using the Tally to Find MAT T2. Errors with Sinusoidal Histograms. Spectral Analysis. Noise Measurement. Noise Separation. Progressive Spectra. Unscrambling. Differential Phase (DP). Differential Gain (DG). Chapter 11: Incremental Models for DSP-Based Testing with Applications to Transient and Flutter Measurement. Introduction. Limitations of Vector Processors. Incremental Modeling. Comparison with Continuous Equations. RC High Pass Model. Time Scaling and Normalization. Ballistic Peaks. Ballistic Peak Detection Models. Generalized Approach. Wow and Flutter Measurement. DIN/IEEE/ANSI/Quasi-Peak Detection. DIN Frequency Weighting. Importance of Phase Response in Peak-Reading Instruments. Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filtering. Chapter 12: CODEC Testing. Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) CODEC Channel. Encoding Law. Five Kinds of Tests. Full Channel versus Half Channel. Normalized Mu-Law and A-Law Measurement Units. Review of Decibel-Based Measurement Units. CODEC Performance Tests. Gain and Loss. Choosing the Test Frequency. Frequency Distribution. Intrinsic versus Extrinsic Error. Transmission Parameters. Half Channel Encoder Testing. Decoder Testing. Other Decoder Performance Tests. References for CODEC (PCM) Telephone Standards. Chapter 13: Selected Reprints. Automated Measurement of 12- to 16-Bit Converters M. Mahoney (Proceedings of the 1981 IEEE Test Conference, 1981. pages 319-327). DSP Measurement of Frequency E. Rosenfeld (Proceedings of the International Test Conference, 1986, pages 981-986). DSP Synthesized Signal Source for Analog Testing Stimulus and New Test Method H. Kitayoshi, S. Sumida. K. Shirakawa, and S. Takeshita (Proceedings of the International Test Conference, 1985, pages 825-834). An NBS Calibration Service for A/D and D/A Conveners TM. Souders and D.R. Flach (Proceedings of the 1981 IEEE Test Conference, 1981, pages 290-303). Production Testing of PCM (Digital) Audio Circuits M. Landry (Proceedings of the International Test Conference, 1983, pages 767-770). Chapter 14: Appendix: References/Bibliography.

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Book SynopsisAs computers become more complex, the number and complexity of the tasks facing the computer architect have increased. Computer performance often depends in complex way on the design parameters and intuition that must be supplemented by performance studies to enhance design productivity. This book introduces computer architects to computer system performance models and shows how they are relatively simple, inexpensive to implement, and sufficiently accurate for most purposes. It discusses the development of performance models based on queuing theory and probability. The text also shows how they are used to provide quick approximate calculations to indicate basic performance tradeoffs and narrow the range of parameters to consider when determining system configurations. It illustrates how performance models can demonstrate how a memory system is to be configured, what the cache structure should be, and what incremental changes in cache size can have on the miss rate. A part

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Book SynopsisThis book is designed for those who manage software development projects. It explores software and risk management both from a technology and a business perspective. Issues regarding costs, schedules, technical performance, and strategies for software development are discussed. The author approaches software development from a just-in-time viewpoint and details strategies for implementing and planning development plans in a cost-effective and timely manner. The book presents a significant discussion of software risk issues pertaining to organizational costs and schedules. It also identifies metrics and presents several models for measuring and predicting risk. The information featured in the book is supported by actual proven case studies derived from the author''s experience. The text addresses many different concepts, strategies, and tools that could make the management of your next software development project less of a guess and more predictable.

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisThis excellent reference for all those involved in neural networks research and application presents, in a single text, the necessary aspects of parallel implementation for all major artificial neural network models. The book details implementations on varoius processor architectures (ring, torus, etc.) built on different hardware platforms, ranging from large general purpose parallel computers to custom built MIMD machines using transputers and DSPs. Experts who performed the implementations author the chapters and research results are covered in each chapter. These results are divided into three parts. Theoretical analysis of parallel implementation schemes on MIMD message passing machines. Details of parallel implementation of BP neural networks on a general purpose, large, parallel computer. Four chapters each describing a specific purpose parallel neural computer configuration. This book is aimed at graduate students

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Book SynopsisThis bible of a whole generation of communications engineers was originally published in 1958. The focus is on the statistical theory underlying the study of signals and noises in communications systems, emphasizing techniques as well s results. End of chapter problems are provided. Sponsored by: IEEE Communications SocietyTable of ContentsPreface to the IEEE Press Edition. Preface. Errata. Introduction. Probability. Random Variables and Probability Distributions. Averages. Sampling. Spectral Analysis. Shot Noise. The Gaussian Process. Linear Systems. Noise Figures. Optimum Linear Systems. Nonlinear Devices: The Direct Method. Nonlinear Devices: The Transform Method. Statistical Detection Signals. Appendix 1: The Impulse Function. Appendix 2: Integral Equations. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisOffers a comprehensive account of electromagnetic theory and analytical methods for solving waveguide and cavity problems. This edition is packed with examples and applications. It provides solutions to a large number of practical structures. It also includes a complete discussion of scalar and Dyadic Green functions.Table of ContentsPreface. Basic Electromagnetic Theory. Green's Functions. Transverse Electromagnetic Waves. Transmission Lines. Waveguides and Cavities. Inhomogeneously Filled Waveguides and Dielectric Resonators. Excitation of Waveguides and Cavities. Variational Methods for Waveguide Discontinuities. Periodic Structures. Integral Transform and Function-Theoretic Techniques. Surface Waveguides. Artificial Dielectrics. Mathematical Appendix. Name Index. Subject Index. About the Author.

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Book SynopsisThis now famous anthology brings together various aspects of oversampling methods and compares and evaluates design approaches. It describes the theoretical analysis of converter performances, the actual design of converters and their simulation, circuit implementations, and applications.Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction. Oversampling Methods for A/D and D/A Conversion (J. Candy & G. Temes). BASIC THEORY AND ANALYSIS. An Analysis of Nonlinear Behavior in Delta-Sigma Modulators (S. Ardalan & J. Paulos). A Use of Limit Cycle Oscillations to Obtain Robust Analog-to-Digital Converters (J. Candy). The Structure of Quantization Noise from Sigma-Delta Modulation (J. Candy & O. Benjamin). Multistage Sigma-Delta Modulation (W. Chou, et al.). Oversampled Sigma-Delta Modulation (R. Gray). Quantization Noise Spectra (R. Gray). Double-Loop Sigma-Delta Modulation with dc Input (N. He, et al.). A Unity Bit Coding Method by Negative Feedback (H. Inose & Y. Yasuda). Design of Stable High Order 1-Bit Sigma-Delta Modulators (T. Ritoniemi, et al.). Reduction of Quantizing Noise by Use of Feedback (H. Spang III & P. Schultheiss). Oversampled, Linear Predictive and Noise-Shaping Coders of Order N>1 (S. Tewksbury & R. Hallock). DESIGN, SIMULATION TECHNIQUES, AND ARCHITECTURES FOR OVERSAMPLING CONVERTERS. Design Methodology for ΣΔM (B. Agrawal & K. Shenoi). Table-Based Simulation of Delta-Sigma Modulators (R. Bishop, et al.). Simulating and Testing Oversampled Analog-to-Digital Converters (B. Boser, et al.). A Use if Double Integration in Sigma Delta Modulation (J. Candy). An Oversampling Analog-to-Digital Converter Topology for High-Resolution Signal Acquisition Systems (L. Carley). Digitally Corrected Multi-Bit ΣΔ Data Converters (T. Cataltepe, et al.). A Higher Order Topology for Interpolative Modulators for Oversampling A/D Converters (K. Chao, et al.). One Bit Higher Order Sigma-Delta A/D Converters (P. Ferguson, et al.). Optimization of a Sigma-Delta Modulator by the Use of a Slow ADC (A. Gosslau & A. Gottwald). Circuit and Technology Considerations for MOS Delta-Sigma A/D Converters (M. Hauser & R. Brodersen). Technology Scaling and Performance Limitations in Delta-Sigma Analog-Digital Converters (M. Hauser). Delta-Sigma A/Ds with Reduced Sensitivity to Op Amp Noise and Gain (P. Hurst & R. Levinson). Multibit Oversampled Σ-Δ A/D Converter with Digital Error Correction (L. Larson, et al.). An Improved Sigma-Delta Modulator Architecture (T. Leslie & B. Singh). A 13 Bit ISDN-Band Oversampled ADC Using Two-Stage Third Order Noise Shaping (L. Longo & M. Copeland). A 16-Bit Oversampling A-to-D Conversion Technology Using Triple-Integration Noise Shaping (Y. Matsuya, et al.). Improved Signal-to-Noise Ratio Using Tri-Level Delta-Sigma Modulation (J. Paulos, et al.). A Second-Order High-Resolution Incremental A/D Converter with Offset and Charge Injection Compensation (J. Robert & P. Deval). Improved Double Integation Delta-Sigma Modulations for A to D and D to A Conversion (Y. Shoji & T. Suzuki). Oversampling A-to-D and D-to-A Converters with Multistage Noise Shaping Modulators (K. Uchimura, et al.). Architectures for High-Order Multibit ΣΔ Modulators (R. Walden, et al.). Constraints Analysis for Oversampling A-to-D Converter Structures on VLSI Implementation (A. Yukawa). IMPLEMENTATIONS AND APPLICATIONS OF OVERSAMPLING A/D CONVERTERS. Design and Implementation of an Audio 18-bit Analog-to-Digital Converter Using Oversampling Techniques (R. Adams). The Design of Sigma-Delta Modulation Analog-to-Digital Converters (B. Boser & B. Wooley). A Noise-Shaping Coder Topology for 15+ Bit Converters (L. Carley). A Dual-Channel Voice-Band PCM Codec Using ΣΔ Modulation Technique (V. Friedman, et al.). MOS ADC-Filter Combination That Does Not Require Precision Analog Components (M. Hauser, et al.). A Multistage Delta-Sigma Modulator without Double Integration Loop (T. Hayashi, et al.). An Oversampled Sigma-Delta A/D Converter Circuit Using Two-Stage Fourth Order Modulator (T. Karema, et al.). A 12-Bit Sigma-Delta Analog-to-Digital Converter with 15-MHz Clock Rate (R. Koch, et al.). Area-Efficient Multichannel Oversampled PCM Voice-Band Coder (B. Leung, et al.). An 18b Oversampling A/D Converter for Digital Audio (K. Matsumoto, et al.). A 14-Bit 80-kHz Sigma-Delta A/D Converter: Modeling, Design, and Performance Evaluation (S. Norsworthy, et al.). Fully Differential CMOS Sigma-Delta Modulator for High Performance Analog-to-Digital Conversion with 5 V Operating Voltage (T. Ritoniemi, et al.). A High-Resolution CMOS Sigma-Delta A/D Converter with 320 kHz Output Rate (M. Rebeschini, et al.). A CMOS Slope Adaptive Delta Modulator (J. Scott, et al.). Stereo 16-Bit Delta-Sigma A/D Converter for Digital Audio (D. Welland, et al.). DIGITAL FILTERS FOR OVERSAMPLING A/D CONVERTERS. Using Triangularly Weighted Interpolation to Get 13-Bit PCM from a Sigma-Delta Modulator (J. Candy, et al.). A Voiceband Codec with Digital Filtering (J. Candy, et al.). Decimation for Sigma Delta Modulation (J. Candy). Multirate Filter Designs Using Comb Filters (S. Chu & C. Burrus). Interpolation and Decimation of Digital Signals—A Tutorial Review (R. Crochiere & L. Rabiner). Wave Digital Decimation Filters in Oversample A/D Converters (E. Dijkstra, et al.). A Design Methodology for Decimation Filters in Sigma Delta A/D Converters (E. Dijkstra, et al.). On the Use of Modulo Arithmetic Comb Filters in Sigma Delta Modulators (E. Dijkstra, et al.). Nine Digital Filters for Decimation and Interpolation (D. Goodman & M. Carey). A Novel Architecture Design for VLSI Implementation of an FIR Decimation Filter (H. Meleis & P. Fur). Efficient VLSI-realizable Decimators for Sigma-Delta Analog-to-Digital Converters (T. Saramäki & H. Tenhunen). THEORY AND IMPLEMENTATIONS OF OVERSAMPLING D/A CONVERTERS. Double Interpolation for Digital-to-Analog Conversion (J. Candy & A.-N. Huynh). A 16-Bit 4th Order Noise-Shaping D/A Converter (L. Carley & J. Kenney). A CMOS Stereo 16-Bit D/A Converter for Digital Audio (P. Naus, et al.). Author Index. Subject Index. Editor's Biographies.

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Book SynopsisProviding a fascinating alternative to the unwieldy life science sources, this book describes how the nervous system (including the brain) communicates with, sends signals to, and receives input from the sensory organs. Starting with the basic principles and components of the nervous system with sensory receptors, neurons and dendrites, and the skeletal muscle circuits the authors unfold the mystery of this communication with simple, elegant mathematical formulas to enhance your understanding of how the nervous system functions in complicated auditory and visual systems, and the brain. Includes extensive references at the end of each chapter! Sponsored by: IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology SocietyTable of ContentsPreface. Excitable Tissue. Sensory Receptors. Generation of the Action Potential. Propagation of the Action Potential. Dendritic Summation. Lateral Inhibition. Simple Neuronal Systems. Skeletal Muscle Circuits. The Auditory System. The Eye as a Transducer. Visual Pattern Recognition, Neural Networks, and "Household Chores". About the Brain. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe book provides an overview of the most advanced quantum informational geometric techniques, which can help quantum communication theorists analyze quantum channels, such as security or additivity properties. Each section addresses an area of major research of quantum information theory and quantum communication networks. The authors present the fundamental theoretical results of quantum information theory, while also presenting the details of advanced quantum ccommunication protocols with clear mathematical and information theoretical background. This book bridges the gap between quantum physics, quantum information theory, and practical engineering.Table of ContentsPREFACE xvii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Emerging Quantum Infl uences 2 1.2 Quantum Information Theory 2 1.3 Different Capacities of Quantum Channels 3 1.4 Challenges Related to Quantum Channel Capacities 5 1.5 Secret and Private Quantum Communication 6 1.6 Quantum Communications Networks 8 1.7 Recent Developments and Future Directions 9 CHAPTER 2 INTRODUCTION TO QUANTUM INFORMATION THEORY 11 2.1 Introduction 12 2.2 Basic Definitions and Formulas 15 2.3 Geometrical Interpretation of the Density Matrices 25 2.4 Quantum Entanglement 31 2.5 Entropy of Quantum States 34 2.6 Measurement of the Amount of Entanglement 43 2.7 Encoding Classical Information to Quantum States 49 2.8 Quantum Noiseless Channel Coding 54 2.9 Brief Summary 57 2.10 Further Reading 57 CHAPTER 3 THE CLASSICAL CAPACITIES OF QUANTUM CHANNELS 65 3.1 Introduction 65 3.2 From Classical to Quantum Communication Channels 73 3.3 Transmission of Classical Information over Quantum Channels 77 3.4 The Holevo-Schumacher-Westmoreland Theorem 84 3.5 Classical Communication over Quantum Channels 89 3.6 Brief Summary of Classical Capacities 98 3.7 Multilevel Quantum Systems and Qudit Channels 98 3.8 The Zero-Error Capacity of a Quantum Channel 100 3.9 Further Reading 117 CHAPTER 4 THE QUANTUM CAPACITY OF QUANTUM CHANNELS 126 4.1 Introduction 126 4.2 Transmission of Quantum Information 128 4.3 Quantum Coherent Information 136 4.4 The Asymptotic Quantum Capacity 146 4.5 Relation between Classical and Quantum Capacities of Quantum Channels 149 4.6 Further Reading 151 CHAPTER 5 GEOMETRIC INTERPRETATION OF QUANTUM CHANNELS 156 5.1 Introduction 156 5.2 Geometric Interpretation of the Quantum Channels 157 5.3 Geometric Interpretation of the Quantum Informational Distance 162 5.4 Computation of Smallest Quantum Ball to Derive the HSW Capacity 182 5.5 Illustrative Example 190 5.6 Geometry of Basic Quantum Channel Models 191 5.7 Geometric Interpretation of HSW Capacities of Different Quantum Channel Models 197 5.8 Further Reading 213 CHAPTER 6 ADDITIVITY OF QUANTUM CHANNEL CAPACITIES 218 6.1 Introduction 218 6.2 Additivity of Classical Capacity 223 6.3 Additivity of Quantum Capacity 225 6.4 Additivity of Holevo Information 232 6.5 Geometric Interpretation of Additivity of HSW Capacity 245 6.6 Classical and Quantum Capacities of some Channels 260 6.7 The Classical Zero-Error Capacities of some Quantum Channels 264 6.8 Further Reading 265 CHAPTER 7 SUPERACTIVATION OF QUANTUM CHANNELS 269 7.1 Introduction 270 7.2 The Non-Additivity of Private Information 270 7.3 Channel Combination for Superadditivity of Private Information 274 7.4 Superactivation of Quantum Capacity of Zero-Capacity Quantum Channels 282 7.5 Behind Superactivation: The Information Theoretic Description 295 7.6 Geometrical Interpretation of Quantum Capacity 302 7.7 Example of Geometric Interpretation of Superactivation 305 7.8 Extension of Superactivation for More General Classes 310 7.9 Superactivation of Zero-Error Capacities 315 7.10 Further Reading 322 CHAPTER 8 QUANTUM SECURITY AND PRIVACY 325 8.1 Introduction 326 8.2 Quantum Key Distribution 330 8.3 Private Communication over the Quantum Channel 333 8.4 Quantum Cryptographic Primitives 336 8.5 Further Reading 354 CHAPTER 9 QUANTUM COMMUNICATION NETWORKS 362 9.1 Long-Distance Quantum Communications 362 9.2 Levels of Entanglement Swapping 368 9.3 Scheduling Techniques of Purifi cation 371 9.4 Hybrid Quantum Repeater 375 9.5 Probabilistic Quantum Networks 382 9.6 Conclusions 384 9.7 Further Reading 384 CHAPTER 10 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 388 10.1 Introduction 388 10.2 Qubit Implementations 391 10.3 Quantum CPUs 396 10.4 Quantum Memories 400 10.5 Further Reading 411 NOTATIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS 413 REFERENCES 420 INDEX 455

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Book SynopsisA complete road map to creating successful technical presentations Planning a technical presentation can be tricky. Does the audience know your subject area? Will you need to translate concepts into terms they understand? What sort of visuals should you use? Will this set of bullets truly convey the information? What will your slides communicate to future users? Questions like these and countless others can overwhelm even the most savvy technical professionals. This full-color, highly visual work addresses the unique needs of technical communicators looking to break free of the bulleted slide paradigm. For those seeking to improve their presentations, the authors provide guidance on how to plan, organize, develop, and archive technical presentations. Drawing upon the latest research in cognitive science as well as years of experience teaching seasoned technical professionals, the authors cover a myriad of issues involved in the design of presentations, clearly eTrade Review“Slide Rulesis useful to anyone creating slides (including Prezi) and to instructors who want to teach their students best practices. While the evidence–assertion method works best for presenting scientific information, this book covers a broad enough territory that even marketing and sales presenters could learn important skills.” (Technical Communication, 1 February 2015) Table of ContentsA Note from the Series Editor xi Acknowledgments xiii Foreword xv Introduction 1 Understand our path to these techniques 1 Witness the change 2 Feel confident about these techniques 3 References 3 1 Heed the Pleas for Better Presentations 5 Know the enemy 6 Be an agent of change 8 Call a meeting instead of summoning a slide deck 8 Destroy the decks of drudgery 8 Learn communication lessons from past tragedies 9 Confront conventional poor practices 10 Consider slides as a two-part deliverable 11 Implement your own continuous improvement 12 References 12 Slide Rule #1 Revisit Presentation Assumptions 2 Apply Cognitive Science and Tell a Story 17 Change presentation practices using grounded research 17 Stay open to change 18 Revisit how a slide works 19 Design slides for audience’s cognitive load 20 Lessen cognitive load with storytelling 24 Apply science and storytelling 27 References 27 3 Understand Audience Needs 29 Scope content toward identified purpose 29 Learn about your audience first 30 Determine the presentation’s purpose 32 Examine the goals for a talk 33 Elevate the moment 33 Assess the audience 34 Prepare for a familiar audience 34 Prepare for an unfamiliar audience 35 Coping when your talk gets hijacked 37 Ditch the “dumb it down” attitude 38 Think of audience needs, not yours 42 Think about logistics 45 References 48 4 Challenge Your Organization’s Culture of Text-Heavy Slides 49 Understand the patterns’ origin 50 Stop assuming they want to read 50 Work toward fewer bullets, less text 51 Avoid using slides as teleprompters 53 Build information deliberately 54 Move beyond “How many slides should I use?” 54 Encourage better presentation practices 56 Create, compile, organize, and stabilize team presentations 58 Work towards a change 60 References 60 Slide Rule #2 Write Sentence Headers 5 Clarify Topics with Full-Sentence Headers 65 Write full sentences for headers, avoiding fragments 65 Consider the case against fragmented headers 66 Deploy best practices for sentence headers 70 Expect immediate results 71 Write targeted headers 73 State a fact or explain a concept 74 Showcase an analysis 80 Transition to new information 84 Influence outcomes with headers 88 Frequently asked questions about sentence headers 88 References 91 Slide Rule #3 Use Targeted Visuals 6 Build Information Incrementally 95 Build something better than bullets 95 Devise methods that build information 97 Design with words to make bullet lovers happy 98 Solidify complex topics with refrains 99 Use refrain slides for meeting agendas 100 Create visuals for directed comprehension 103 Build out to drill down 107 7 Generate Quality Graphs 109 Portray complexity simply 110 Determine the right visual 111 Design reasonable pie charts 112 Design impactful bar charts and histograms 117 Design scatter XY charts and scatter plots 121 Craft line charts 127 Map out area graphs 128 Think through flow or process charts 130 Address assorted other visual outputs 132 Graph ethically 133 Create accessible graphics 136 Frequently asked questions about graphs 138 References 139 Further reading 140 8 Picture the Possibilities 141 Center yourself 143 Manage image interpretation 143 Model accurately 143 Be ethical with visuals 149 Frequently asked questions about using pictures 150 References 151 9 Temper the Templates 153 See the possibilities in a template, branded or otherwise 153 Discover and assess a branded template 154 Work with company templates 156 Devise solutions for problematic templates 156 Fix the template 162 Provide template guidance 164 Refine quad slides 165 Establish brand when there is no template 166 Slide Rule #4 Archive Details for Future Use 10 Make Slide Decks with Archival and Legacy Value 175 Understand that slides have two lives 175 Start new best practices 177 Document ideas efficiently 178 Use the Notes or Presenter Notes feature 179 Get others to see your notes 180 Use hidden slides 181 Keep hidden slides ready 183 Make retrieval easy for everyone else 184 Embrace full documentation as part of workflow 187 References 188 11 Include More Than One Language 189 Know when English is not enough 189 Start with audience analysis 192 Anticipate formatting for translations 192 Deploy plain language 192 Write in one language and talk in another 195 Design split slides 195 Capture translation in notes 197 Translate toward clarity 197 Find resources 198 References 198 Slide Rule #5 Keep Looking Forward 12 Enact Organizational Change 203 Listen to the studies 203 Anticipate the stages of acceptance 204 Tally the results 207 Look for the opportunities 208 References 208 13 Thinking Through the Next Big Thing 209 See ahead 209 Play with Prezi 210 Use caution 211 Amaze with Autodesk 211 Apply apps 213 Remain diligent in your best practices 214 Index 215 About the Authors 219

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Book SynopsisThis book describes the approaches, both successful and not, to the political and infrastructure issues addressed by the trade association. The intent is to provide guidance to those confronting similar issues, and help them avoid unsuccessful approaches. Includes end-of-chapter summaries Example of documents and approaches that LEOMA used successfully are included and could serve as a guide to other trade associations. Chapter 5 includes figures presenting the unique and effective graphical approach that LEOMA use to improve US national-security export controls Table of ContentsPreface vii 1 LEOMA and the U.S. Laser Industry 1 2 Professional Societies and the Photonics Community 29 3 International Laser Standards 53 4 Educational Issues 75 5 Export Controls 95 6 The Federal Government 117 7 Intra-Industry Affairs 131 Appendix 1: LEOMA Officers 157 Appendix 2: ISO Laser Standards 161 Appendix 3: LEOMA Executive Seminars 163 Appendix 4: The LEOMA ADR Agreement 167 Index 171

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Book SynopsisThe aim of this book is to present the modern design principles and analysis of lens antennas. It gives graduates and RF/Microwave professionals the design insights needed to make full use of lens antennas. Because this topic has not been thoroughly publicized, its importance is underestimated.Table of ContentsPreface ix Acknowledgments xi 1 INTRODUCTION 1 John Thornton and Kao-Cheng Huang 1.1 Lens Antennas: An Overview 2 1.1.1 The Microwave Lens 2 1.1.2 Advantages of Lens Antennas 4 1.1.3 Materials for Lenses 5 1.1.4 Synthesis 6 1.2 Feeds for Lens Antennas 8 1.2.1 Microstrip Feeds 8 1.2.2 Horn Feeds 9 1.3 Luneburg and Spherical Lenses 10 1.4 Quasi Optics and Lens Antennas 14 1.5 Lens Antenna Design 18 1.6 Metamaterial Lens 26 1.7 Planar Lens or Phase-Shifting Surface 30 1.7.1 Refl ect Array 31 1.7.2 Planar Lens or Lens Array 33 1.8 Applications 36 1.9 Antenna Measurements 37 1.9.1 Radiation Pattern Measurement 37 1.9.2 Gain Measurement 38 1.9.3 Polarization Measurement 38 1.9.4 Anechoic Chambers and Ranges 38 2 REVIEW OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES 49 Kao-Cheng Huang 2.1 Maxwell’s Equations 49 2.1.1 Boundary Conditions 53 2.1.2 Equivalence Theorem 55 2.2 Antenna Parameters 56 2.2.1 Beam Solid Angle and Antenna Temperature 56 2.2.2 Directivity and Gain 58 2.2.3 Antenna Beamwidth 60 2.2.4 Aperture of a Lens 62 2.2.5 Phase Center 63 2.3 Polarization 64 2.4 Wave Propagation in Metamaterials 71 3 POLYROD ANTENNAS 77 Kao-Cheng Huang 3.1 Polyrods as Resonators 78 3.2 The Polyrod as a Radiator 83 3.2.1 Tapered Polyrod Antenna 85 3.3 Patch-Fed Circular Polyrod 90 3.4 Array of Polyrods 97 3.5 Multibeam Polyrod Array 105 4 MILLIMETER WAVE LENS ANTENNAS 113 Kao-Cheng Huang 4.1 Millimeter Wave Characteristics 114 4.1.1 Millimeter Wave Loss Factors 114 4.1.2 Ray-Tracing Propagation 117 4.2 Millimeter Wave Substrate Lens for Imaging 121 4.3 Millimeter Wave and Submillimeter Wave Lens 126 4.3.1 Extended Hemispherical Lens 128 4.3.2 Off-Axis Extended Hemispherical Lens 133 4.3.3 Submillimeter Wave Lens Antennas for Communications 136 4.4 Analysis of Millimeter Wave Spherical Lens 139 4.5 Waveguide-Fed Millimeter Wave Integrated Lens 141 5 LENS ANTENNAS FOR COMMUNICATIONS FROM HIGH-ALTITUDE PLATFORMS 147 John Thornton 5.1 Introduction 147 5.2 The High-Altitude Platform Concept 148 5.2.1 Spectrum Reuse Using HAPs 150 5.2.2 Example Results: Cell Power and Interference 155 5.3 Advantages of Lenses over Reflector Antennas 159 5.3.1 Reflectors 160 5.3.2 Lenses 161 5.3.3 Commercial Lens Antennas 162 5.4 Development of a Shaped Beam Low-Sidelobe Lens Antenna with Asymmetric Pattern 164 5.4.1 Primary Feed 165 5.4.2 Symmetric 5° Beamwidth Antenna 166 5.4.3 Asymmetric Beam 166 5.4.4 Measurements 174 5.5 Lens Antenna Payload Model 177 5.6 Multifeed Lens 178 5.7 Multiple Beam Spherical Lens Antennas for HAP Payload 181 6 SPHERICAL LENS ANTENNAS 187 John Thornton 6.1 Introduction 187 6.2 Spherical Lens Overview 192 6.3 Analytical Methods 195 6.3.1 Ray Tracing 195 6.3.2 SWE 197 6.3.3 Computational Method and Results 202 6.3.4 Generic Feed Pattern 206 6.3.5 Commercial Solvers 208 6.4 Spherical Lens Materials and Fabrication Methods 210 6.4.1 Machined Polymers 210 6.4.2 Molding 212 6.4.3 Polymer Foams 212 6.4.4 PU Dielectric Loss 214 6.4.5 Artifi cial Dielectrics 215 6.5 Revisiting the Constant-Index Lens 215 6.5.1 A Practical, Patch-Fed Hemispherical Constant-Index Lens 219 6.5.2 Off-Axis Array-Fed Spherical Lens 219 6.6 Cross-Polarization Properties of Spherical Lenses 221 7 HEMISPHERICAL LENS-REFLECTOR SCANNING ANTENNAS 225 John Thornton 7.1 Introduction 225 7.2 Candidate Scanning Antenna Technologies 226 7.3 Spherical and Hemispherical Lens Antenna 228 7.4 Hemispherical Lens Prototype 229 7.5 Evolution of a Two-Layer Stepped-Index Polymer Lens 232 7.6 A Hemispherical Lens-Reflector Antenna for Satellite Communications 238 7.6.1 Requirements 239 7.6.2 Lens Analysis 240 7.6.3 Three-Layer Lens Geometry 240 7.6.4 Lens Fabrication and Performance 243 7.6.5 Mechanical Tracking System 245 7.6.6 Ground Plane Effects 249 7.6.7 Aperture Blockage in Scanning Lens Reflector 251 7.7 A Low-Index Lens Reflector for Aircraft Communications (Contribution by D. Gray) 252 About the Authors 267 Index 268

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Book SynopsisThe perfect primer for the engineer, scientist, and layperson alike to learn about the practical applications of solar energy technology and how it is being used today, all over the world. Solar energy heats our homes, lights our city streets, and provides power worldwide. As solar energy becomes increasingly more important in all of our lives, it becomes increasingly more important to learn how it works and how it can be implemented. Solar energy has been the new energy for a long time. As this technology becomes a larger and larger piece of the energy spectrum, it is increasingly important for engineers, scientists, managers, and other decision-makers to understand solar energy technology and its applications. This book, written in easy-to-understand language, with plentiful color photos and illustrations, is the perfect primer on solar energy for anyone working in the energy industry or anyone who wants to learn more about solar energy technology. WithTable of ContentsSummary ix About this book xi Terminology xiii Introduction: Solar Energy xv The Incoming Solar Radiation 1 The Availability and Power Density Issue - Fossil vs. Solar Energy 3 The Need for Tracking 4 The Basic Solar Energy Heat Transfers 7 Heat Transfer - Experiment and Simulation 8 Solar Energy Heat Transfer Modes 18 Individual Transfers 18 Compound or Grouped Heat Transfer (CHT) 28 Heat Capacity: Phase Change Materials (PCM), Heat Storage and “Thermal Mass” 31 Overall Heat Transfer 35 Solar Thermal Energy Product Requirements 43 Selected Solar Thermal Applications 47 Solar Water Heaters (SWH) 47 Solar Space Heating 52 Direct Gain 53 Windows and Glazings in Solar Space Heating 53 Active and Passive Solar Energy 56 Passive Solar Heating and Overheating 58 Purely Active Solar Heating 62 Large-Scale Glazed Solar Thermal Plants 63 Solar High Temperature Applications 70 Solar Tower Central Receiver Plants 70 Trough Plants 72 Dish Stirling 72 Solar Chimney Power Plants (CSP) 73 Solar Thermal Pumps 77 Divers Applications 77 Cookers 78 Domestic Solar Cookers 78 Institutional Solar Cookers 81 Autoclave Sterilizers 84 Direct UV Pasteurizers 87 Solar Driers 88 Solar Thermal Energy - The “Software” 92 Impacts 92 The Market 93 The Determination of Solar Food Mass and Cooking Time 95 Solar PV 101 PV - Basic Characteristics 101 Shading 102 The Temperature Effect 103 Electricity and Grids 103 PV Applications 105 Solar Air Planes 108 Solar Boats 109 Dedicated Power Supplies 112 “Plug” Power Supplies 112 PV Power Plants 113 Conclusions Beyond Solar 117 Case Studies 118 Solar Energy in a High-density Urban Environment 118 “Solar Casbah”: Low-Cost Solar Energy Vision 119 An Up-market, High-Tech Vision 123 Solar Thermal vs. Solar PV: The Battle of the Water Heaters 124 The Evolving Grid: 125 Remarks on Energy Planning 126 Solar for Existing Settlements 127

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Book SynopsisTranslates technical jargon into practical business communications solutions This book takes readers from traditional voice, fax, video, and data services delivered via separate platforms to a single, unified platform delivering all of these services seamlessly via the Internet. With its clear, jargon-free explanations, the author enables all readers to better understand and assess the growing number of voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) and unified communications (UC) products and services that are available for businesses. VoIP and Unified Communications is based on the author''s careful review and synthesis of more than 7,000 pages of published standards as well as a broad range of datasheets, websites, white papers, and webinars. It begins with an introduction to IP technology and then covers such topics as: Packet transmission and switching VoIP signaling and call processing How VoIP and UC are defining the fuTable of Contents Preface xiii Acknowledgments xv 1 IP Technology Disrupts Voice Telephony 1 1.1 Introduction to the Public Switched Telephone Network 1 1.2 The Digital PSTN 2 1.3 The Packet Revolution in Telephony 8 1.3.1 Summary of Packet Switching 9 1.3.2 Link Capacity: TDM versus Packets 11 1.3.3 VoIP and “The Cloud” 13 IN SHORT: Reading Network Drawings 14 2 Traditional Telephones Still Set Expectations 17 2.1 Availability: How the Bell System Ensured Service 18 2.2 Call Completion 19 2.3 Sound Quality: Encoding for Recognizable Voices 20 2.4 Low Latency 23 2.5 Call Setup Delays 24 2.6 Impairments Controlled: Echo, Singing, Distortion, Noise 25 3 From Circuits to Packets 27 3.1 Data and Signaling Preceded Voice 27 3.1.1 X.25 Packet Data Service 27 3.1.2 SS7: PSTN Signaling on Packets 28 3.1.3 ISDN 29 3.2 Putting Voice into Packets 30 3.2.1 Voice Encoding 31 3.2.2 Dicing and Splicing Voice Streams 32 3.2.3 The Latency Budget 33 4 Packet Transmission and Switching 37 4.1 The Physical Layer: Transmission 39 IN SHORT: The Endian Wars 40 4.2 Data Link Protocols 41 4.3 IP, the Network Protocol 43 4.4 Layer 4 Transport Protocols 47 4.4.1 Transmission Control Protocol 47 4.4.2 User Datagram Protocol 50 4.4.3 Stream Control Transmission Protocol 51 4.5 Higher Layer Processes 54 4.5.1 RTP 54 4.5.2 RTCP 57 4.5.3 Multiplexing RTP and RTCP on One UDP Port 58 4.5.4 RTP Mixers and Translators 59 4.5.5 Layered Encoding 60 4.5.6 Profiles for Audio and Video Conferences 60 4.5.7 Security via Encryption 61 IN SHORT: Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) 62 4.6 Saving Bandwidth 64 4.6.1 Voice Compression 64 4.6.2 Header Compression 66 4.6.3 Silence Suppression, VAD 67 4.6.4 Sub-Packet Multiplexing 69 4.6.5 Protocol and Codec Selection 70 4.7 Differences: Circuit versus Packet Switched 71 4.7.1 Power to the Desktop Phone 71 4.7.2 Phone as Computer and Computer as Phone 72 4.7.3 Length of a Phone Line 72 4.7.4 Scaling to Large Size 75 4.7.5 Software Ownership and Licenses 75 5 VoIP Signaling and Call Processing 77 5.1 What Packet Voice and UC Systems Share 78 5.2 Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) 80 5.2.1 SIP Architecture 81 5.2.2 SIP Messages 88 5.2.3 SIP Header Fields and Behaviors 94 5.3 Session Description Protocol 101 IN SHORT: ABNF 104 5.4 Media Gateway Control Protocol 107 5.4.1 MGW Functions 107 5.4.2 MGW Connection Model 110 5.4.3 Megaco Procedures 112 5.4.4 Megaco Details 115 5.4.5 Signaling Conversion 119 5.4.6 Voice Transcoding 119 5.5 H.323 120 5.5.1 H.323 Architecture 121 5.5.2 Gatekeeper 123 5.5.3 Gateway 126 5.5.4 Terminal 126 5.5.5 Multipoint Control Unit 127 5.5.6 Call Procedures 128 5.6 Directory Services 134 5.6.1 Domain Name Service (DNS) 134 5.6.2 ENUM 135 6 VoIP and Unified Communications Define the Future 139 6.1 Voice as Before, with Additions 139 6.2 Legacy Services to Keep and Improve with VoIP 140 6.2.1 Flexible Call Routing and 800 Numbers 141 6.2.2 Call on Hold 141 6.2.3 Call Transfer 142 6.2.4 Call Forwarding 142 6.2.5 Audio Conferencing 142 6.2.6 Video Conferencing 143 6.2.7 Local Number Portability 144 6.2.8 Direct Inward Dialing, Dialed Number Indication 144 6.2.9 CallMessage Waiting 145 6.2.10 Call Recording 146 6.2.11 Emergency Calling (E911) 146 6.2.12 Tracking IP Phone Locations for E911 150 6.3 Facsimile Transmission 153 6.3.1 Facsimile on the PSTN 153 6.3.2 Real-Time Fax over IP: Fax Relay or T.38 155 6.3.3 Store-and-Forward Fax Handling 160 6.3.4 IP Faxing over the PSTN 161 6.4 Phone Features Added with VoIPUC 162 6.4.1 Presence 163 6.4.2 Forking 163 6.4.3 Voicemail¼eMail 163 6.4.4 SMS Integration 164 6.4.5 Instant Messaging 165 6.4.6 Webinar Broadcasts 168 6.4.7 Telepresence 168 6.4.8 More UC Features to Consider 168 7 How VoIP and UC Impact the Network 171 7.1 Space, Power, and Cooling 171 7.2 Priority for Voice, Video, Fax Packets 172 7.3 Packets per Second 174 7.4 Bandwidth 174 7.5 Security Issues 175 7.5.1 Eavesdropping and vLAN Hopping 176 7.5.2 Access Controls for Users and Connections 176 7.5.3 Modems 177 7.5.4 DNS Cache Poisoning 177 IN SHORT: Earliest Instance of DNS Cache Poisoning 179 7.5.5 Toll Fraud 179 7.5.6 Pay-per-Call Scams 179 7.5.7 Vishing 180 7.5.8 SIP ScanningSPIT 180 7.5.9 Opening the Firewall to Incoming Voice 181 7.6 First Migration Steps While Keeping Legacy Equipment 181 7.6.1 Circuit-Switched PBX 182 7.6.2 Digital Phones 182 7.6.3 Analog Phones and FX Service 183 7.6.4 Facsimile Machines 184 7.6.5 Modems 185 8 Interconnections to Global Services 187 8.1 Media Gateways 188 8.2 SIP Trunking 192 8.3 Operating VoIP Across Network Address Translation 196 8.3.1 Failures of SIP, SDP (Signaling) 199 8.3.2 Failures of RTP (Media) 199 8.3.3 Solutions 200 8.3.4 STUN: Session Traversal Utilities for NAT 201 8.3.5 TURN: Traversal Using Relays around NAT 204 8.3.6 ICE: Interactive Connectivity Establishment 206 8.4 Session Border Controller 207 8.4.1 Enterprise SBC 209 8.4.2 Carrier SBC 210 8.5 Supporting Multiple-Carrier Connections 212 8.6 Mobility and Wireless Access 213 8.6.1 VoIP on Wireless LANsWi-Fi 213 8.6.2 Integration of Wi-Fi and Cellular Services 214 8.6.3 Packet Voice on Mobile Broadband: WiMAX, LTE 214 8.6.4 Radio over VoIP 215 IN SHORT: E&M Voice Signaling 216 9 Network Management for VoIP and UC 217 9.1 Starting Right 218 9.1.1 Acceptance Testing 219 9.1.2 Configuration Management and Governance 220 9.1.3 Privilege Setting 220 9.2 Continuous Monitoring and Management 221 9.2.1 NMS Software 222 9.2.2 Simple Network Management Protocol 223 9.2.3 Web Interface 224 9.2.4 Server Logging 224 9.2.5 Software Maintenance 225 9.2.6 Quality of ServiceExperience Monitoring 225 9.2.7 Validate Adjustments and Optimization 226 9.3 Troubleshooting and Repair 226 9.3.1 Methods 226 9.3.2 Software Tools 228 9.3.3 Test Instruments 229 10 Cost Analysis and Payback Calculation 231 11 Examples of Hardware and Software 237 11.1 IP Phones 237 11.2 Gateways 240 11.3 Session Border Controllers 242 11.4 Call-Switching Servers 244 11.4.1 IP PBX 246 11.4.2 Conference BridgesControllers 248 11.4.3 Call Recorder 250 11.5 Hosted VoIPUC Service 251 11.6 Management SystemsWorkstations 252 12 Appendixes 253 12.1 Acronyms and Definitions 253 12.2 Reference Documents 268 12.2.1 RFCs 268 12.2.2 ITU Recommendations 272 12.2.3 Other Sources 272 12.3 Message and Error Codes 274 Index 277

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Book SynopsisA practical, authoritative guide to the assessment of wind resources for utility-scale wind projects?authored by a team of experts from a leading renewable energy consultancy The successful development of wind energy projects depends on an accurate assessment of where, how often, and how strongly the wind blows. A mistake in this stage of evaluation can cause severe financial losses and missed opportunities for developers, lenders, and investors. Wind Resource Assessment: A Practical Guide to Developing a Wind Project shows readers how to achieve a high standard of resource assessment, reduce the uncertainty associated with long-term energy performance, and maximize the value of their project assets. Beginning with the siting, installation, and operation of a high-quality wind monitoring program, this book continues with methods of data quality control and validation, extrapolating measurements from anemometer height to turbine height, adjusting short-term obserTable of ContentsPreface xv 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Where do Winds Come From? 2 1.2 Key Characteristics of the Wind 4 1.3 Wind Power Plants 6 1.4 Purpose and Organization of this Book 9 1.5 Questions for Discussion 10 PART 1 Wind Monitoring 13 2. Overview of a Wind Resource Assessment Campaign 15 2.1 Site Identification 16 2.2 Resource Monitoring 16 2.3 Wind Resource Analysis 20 3. Siting a Wind Project 23 3.1 Site Selection 23 3.2 Regional Wind Resource Information 25 3.3 Field Surveys 29 3.4 Tower Placement 30 3.5 Permitting for Wind Monitoring 33 3.6 Land Lease Agreements 34 3.7 Questions for Discussion 35 4. Monitoring Station Instrumentation and Measurements 37 4.1 Basic Measurements 37 4.2 Additional Measurements 45 4.3 Recorded Parameters and Sampling Intervals 49 4.4 Data Loggers 50 4.5 Data Storage Devices 51 4.6 Data Transfer Equipment 52 4.7 Power Sources 55 4.8 Towers and Sensor Support Hardware 56 4.9 Wiring 57 4.10 Measurement System Accuracy and Reliability 58 4.11 Questions for Review and Discussion 59 5. Installation of Monitoring Stations 61 5.1 Equipment Procurement 61 5.2 Equipment Acceptance Testing and Field Preparation 62 5.3 Installation Team 64 5.4 Safety 64 5.5 Determination of True North 65 5.6 Tower Installation 66 5.7 Sensor and Equipment Installation 70 5.8 Site Commissioning 80 5.9 Documentation 81 5.10 Cost and Labor Estimates 81 5.11 Questions for Discussion 84 6. Station Operation and Maintenance 87 6.1 Site Visits 88 6.2 Operation and Maintenance Procedures 88 6.3 Documentation 92 6.4 Spare Parts Inventory 93 6.5 Questions for Discussion 93 7. Data Collection and Handling 99 7.1 Raw Data Storage 99 7.2 Data Retrieval 101 7.3 Data Retrieval Frequency 101 7.4 Data Protection and Storage 101 7.5 Documentation 102 7.6 Questions for Discussion 103 8. Ground-Based Remote Sensing Systems 105 8.1 Sodar 106 8.2 Lidar 108 8.3 Remote Sensing Campaign Design and Siting 109 8.4 Data Collection and Processing 110 8.5 Comparisons with Conventional Anemometry 111 8.6 Questions for Discussion 113 PART 2 Data Analysis and Resource Assessment 115 9. Data Validation 117 9.1 Data Conversion 118 9.2 Data Validation 119 9.3 Post-Validation Adjustments 125 9.4 Data Substitution and Averaging 127 9.5 Questions for Discussion 128 10. Characterizing the Observed Wind Resource 130 10.1 Summarizing the Observed Wind Resource 130 10.2 Questions for Discussion 141 11. Estimating the Resource at Hub Height 143 11.1 Wind Speed 143 11.2 Time-Varying Speeds and Speed Distributions 150 11.3 Other Parameters 151 11.4 Questions for Discussion 152 12. The Climate Adjustment Process 155 12.1 Is the Wind Climate Stable? 156 12.2 Requirements for Accurate MCP 159 12.3 Sources of Reference Data 166 12.4 The Target–Reference Relationship 170 12.5 Questions for Discussion 174 13. Wind Flow Modeling 178 13.1 Types of Wind Flow Models 179 13.2 Application of Numerical Wind Flow Models 189 13.3 Questions for Discussion 191 14. Offshore Resource Assessment 195 14.1 Nature of the Offshore Wind Environment 197 14.2 Wind Resource Monitoring Systems 201 14.3 Operations and Maintenance of Offshore Systems 212 14.4 Satellite-Based Microwave Sensors 213 15. Uncertainty in Wind Resource Assessment 220 15.1 Measurement Uncertainty 221 15.2 Historical Wind Resource 221 15.3 Future Wind Resource 223 15.4 Wind Shear 224 15.5 Wind Flow Modeling Uncertainty 225 15.6 Combining Uncertainties 226 15.7 Questions for Discussion 230 16. Plant Design and Energy Production Estimation 233 16.1 Plant Design Software 233 16.2 Setting up the Project 235 16.3 Wind Resource Data 237 16.4 Selecting a Turbine 239 16.5 Designing and Optimizing a Turbine Layout 243 16.6 Gross and Net Energy Production 244 16.7 Special Topics 248 16.8 Questions for Discussion 256 Appendix A. Wind Resource Assessment Equipment Vendors 260 Wind Resource Assessment Equipment 261 Appendix B. Selected Source of GIS Data 263 Sources of GIS Data Related to Wind Resource Assessment 263 Index 265

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Book SynopsisCovering both mobile data and sensor data, this comprehensive text offers updated research on sensor technology, stream data processing, mobile database security, and contextual processing.Table of ContentsPreface ix Acknowledgments xvii 1 Mobile Database System 1 2 Mobile and Wireless Communication 7 3 Location and Handoff Management 44 4 Fundamentals of Database Processing 61 5 Introduction to Concurrency Control Mechanisms 93 6 Effect of Mobility on Data Processing 112 7 Transaction Management in Mobile Database Systems 127 8 Mobile Database Recovery 219 9 Wireless Information Dissemination 239 10 Introduction to Sensor Technology 299 11 Sensor Technology and Data Streams Management 317 12 Sensor Network Deployment: Case Studies 348 Glossary 361 Index 367

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Book SynopsisDemonstrates the application of DSM to solve a broad range of operator equations The dynamical systems method (DSM) is a powerful computational method for solving operator equations. With this book as their guide, readers will master the application of DSM to solve a variety of linear and nonlinear problems as well as ill-posed and well-posed problems. The authors offer a clear, step-by-step, systematic development of DSM that enables readers to grasp the method''s underlying logic and its numerous applications. Dynamical Systems Method and Applications begins with a general introduction and then sets forth the scope of DSM in Part One. Part Two introduces the discrepancy principle, and Part Three offers examples of numerical applications of DSM to solve a broad range of problems in science and engineering. Additional featured topics include: General nonlinear operator equations Operators satisfying a spectral assumption <Trade Review“The book is well organized and presents the DSM method to solve a broad range of operator equations. Suitable for senior under graduate and under graduate students as well as practical engineers and researchers interested in dynamical systems methods and application for operator equations”. (Zentralblatt MATH, 1 December 2012) Table of ContentsPART I 1 Introduction 3 2 Ill-posed problems 11 3 DSM for well-posed problems 57 4 DSM and linear ill-posed problems 71 5 Some inequalities 93 6 DSM for monotone operators 133 7 DSM for general nonlinear operator equations 145 8 DSM for operators satisfying a spectral assumption 155 9 DSM in Banach spaces 161 10 DSM and Newton-type methods without inversion of the derivative 169 11 DSM and unbounded operators 177 12 DSM and nonsmooth operators 181 13 DSM as a theoretical tool 195 14 DSM and iterative methods 201 15 Numerical problems arising in applications 213 PART II 16 Solving linear operator equations by a Newton-type DSM 255 17 DSM of gradient type for solving linear operator equations 269 18 DSM for solving linear equations with finite-rank operators 281 19 A discrepancy principle for equations with monotone continuous operators 295 20 DSM of Newton-type for solving operator equations with minimal smoothness assumptions 307 21 DSM of gradient type 347 22 DSM of simple iteration type 373 23 DSM for solving nonlinear operator equations in Banach spaces 409 PART III 24 Solving linear operator equations by the DSM 423 25 Stable solutions of Hammerstein-type integral equations 441 26 Inversion of the Laplace transform from the real axis using an adaptive iterative method 455

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Book Synopsis* A comprehensive desk reference all computer based system engineers should have * Contains integral knowledge of software, hardware and network engineering * Includes examples of emerging applications such as RFID, Wireless network systems, using the integral engineering knowledge .Table of ContentsPreface vii About the Author ix Part One Computer Engineering 1. Digital Logic and Microprocessor Design 3 2. Case Study in Computer Design 63 3. Analog and Digital Computer Interactions 83 Part Two Network Engineering 4. Integrated Software and Real-Time System Design with Applications 99 5. Network Systems 125 6. Future Internet Performance Models 143 7. Network Standards 211 8. Network Reliability and Availability Metrics 228 Part Three Software Engineering 9. Programming Languages 263 10. Operating Systems 286 11. Software Reliability and Safety 303 Part Four Integration of Disciplines 12. Integration of Hardware and Software Reliability 315 Part Five Applications 13. Applying Neural Networks to Software Reliability Assessment 337 14. Web Site Design 354 15. Mobile Device Engineering 377 16. Signal-Driven Software Model for Mobile Devices 396 17. Object-Oriented Analysis and Design Applied to Mathematical Software 420 18. Tutorial on Hardware and Software Reliability, Maintainability, and Availability 443 Practice Problems with Solutions 1 466 Practice Problems with Solutions 2 504 Index 556

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Book Synopsis* Includes both conventional electromagnetic theory, Maxwell-Poynting representation, and also Alternate representation theory which is more suitable for modern EM environments. Students and theorists can examine two separate theories and witness the same outcomes.Table of ContentsPreface xxi Acknowledgments xxvii List of Figures xxix PART I BASIC ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY 1 Maxwell’s Equations 5 1.1 Mathematical notation 5 1.2 Free-space fields and forces 6 1.3 Vector and scalar potentials 10 1.4 Inhomogeneous wave equations for E and H 12 1.5 Static fields 12 1.6 Integration of the inhomogeneous wave equation 15 1.7 Polarizable, magnetizable, and conducting media 18 1.8 Boundary conditions 24 1.9 The complex Maxwell Equations 26 2 Quasistatic Approximations 29 2.1 Quasistatic expansions of a standing wave 30 2.2 Electroquasistatic (EQS) fields 31 2.3 Magnetoquasistatic (MQS) fields 33 2.4 Conduction problems 35 2.5 Laplacian approximations 37 3 Electromagnetic Power, Energy, Stress, and Momentum 39 3.1 Introduction 39 3.2 The Maxwell–Poynting representation 41 3.3 Quasistatic power and energy 43 3.4 Alternative representations 45 3.5 Differences between representations 54 4 Electromagnetic Waves in Free-Space 61 4.1 Homogeneous waves 61 4.2 One-dimensional waves 62 4.3 Harmonic uniform plane waves 63 4.4 Waves of high symmetry 64 4.5 Inhomogeneous scalar wave equations 66 5 Electromagnetic Waves in Linear Materials 67 5.1 Introduction 67 5.2 Electrically conducting media 67 5.3 Linear dielectric and magnetic media 70 6 Electromagnetic Theorems and Principles 77 6.1 Introduction 77 6.2 Complex power and energy theorems 78 6.3 Complex stress theorems 84 6.4 Complex momentum theorems 86 6.5 Duality 88 6.6 Uniqueness theorems 94 6.7 The equivalence principle 96 6.8 The induction theorem 97 6.9 Babinet’s Principle 98 6.10 The reciprocity theorem 100 PART II FOUR-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROMAGNETISM 7 Four-Dimensional Vectors and Tensors 105 7.1 Space–time coordinates 105 7.2 Four-vector electric-current density 106 7.3 Four-vector potential (Lorenz gauge) 106 7.4 Four-Laplacian (wave equation) 107 7.5 Maxwell’s Equations and field tensors 107 7.6 The four-dimensional curl operator 109 7.7 Four-dimensional “statics” 110 7.8 Four-dimensional force density 112 7.9 Six-vectors and dual field tensors 113 7.10 Four-vector electric and magnetic fields 113 7.11 The field tensors and Maxwell’s Equations revisited 115 7.12 Linear conductors revisited 116 8 Energy-Momentum Tensors 119 8.1 Introduction 119 8.2 Maxwell–Poynting energy-momentum tensor 121 8.3 Alternate energy-momentum tensors 121 8.4 Boundary conditions and gauge considerations 125 8.5 Electromagnetic beauty revisited 126 9 Dielectric and Magnetic Materials 129 9.1 Introduction 129 9.2 Maxwell’s Equations with polarization and magnetization 130 9.3 Amperian energy-momentum tensors 131 10 Amperian, Minkowski, and Chu Formulations 141 10.1 Introduction 141 10.2 Maxwell’s Equations in the Amperian formulation 141 10.3 Maxwell’s Equations in the Minkowski formulation 142 10.4 Maxwell’s Equations in the Chu formulation 143 10.5 Energy-momentum tensors and four-force densities 145 10.6 Discussion of force densities 148 10.7 The principle of virtual power 150 PART III ELECTROMAGNETIC EXAMPLES 11 Static and Quasistatic Fields 157 11.1 Spherical charge distribution 157 11.2 Electric field in a rectangular slot 158 11.3 Current in a cylindrical conductor 160 11.4 Sphere with uniform conductivity 163 11.5 Quasistatic analysis of a physical resistor 170 11.6 Magnetic diffusion 179 12 Uniformly Moving Electric Charges 183 12.1 Point charge 183 12.2 Surface charges separating at constant velocity 185 12.3 Expanding cylindrical surface charge 190 12.4 Expanding spherical surface charge 192 13 Accelerating Charges 195 13.1 Hertzian electric dipole 195 13.2 Hertzian magnetic dipole 200 13.3 Radiation from an accelerated then decelerated charge 202 14 Uniform Surface Current 207 14.1 Pulse excitations 207 14.2 Resistive-sheet detector 214 14.3 Additional pulse waveforms 217 15 Uniform Line Currents 223 15.1 Axial current step (integral laws) 223 15.2 Axial current step (differential laws) 237 15.3 Superposition of axial line currents 240 15.4 Axial current with multiple pulses 246 15.5 Fields of a sinusoidal axial current 251 16 Plane Waves 255 16.1 Uniform TEM plane waves 255 16.2 Doppler-shifted TEM plane waves 257 16.3 Nonuniform plane waves 258 16.4 Skin-depth-limited current in a conductor 261 17 Waves Incident at a Material Interface 263 17.1 Reflected and transmitted plane waves 263 17.2 TE polarization 264 17.3 TM polarization 267 17.4 Elliptically polarized incident waves 269 18 TEM Transmission Lines 271 18.1 General time-dependent solutions 271 18.2 Parallel-plate TEM line in the sinusoidal steady state 274 18.3 TEM tapered-plate “horn” transformer 280 18.4 TEM line with parallel plates of high conductivity 282 18.5 Parallel-plate TEM line loaded with linear material 289 19 Rectangular Waveguide Modes 293 19.1 Introduction 293 19.2 Periodic potentials and fields 294 19.3 Waveguide dispersion 295 19.4 TEnm modes 296 19.5 TMnm modes 298 19.6 Null Alternate-power and Alternate-energy distributions 299 19.7 Uniqueness resolved 300 20 Circular Waveguide Modes 305 20.1 Introduction 305 20.2 TMnm modes 307 20.3 TEnm modes 310 20.4 Null Alternate power and energy distributions 323 20.5 Alternate energy momentum and photons 323 21 Dielectric Waveguides 335 21.1 Introduction 335 21.2 Symmetric TE modes 336 21.3 Antisymmetric TE modes 336 21.4 Dispersion relations 337 22 Antennas and Diffraction 341 22.1 Introduction 341 22.2 Half-wave dipoles 342 22.3 Self-complementary planar antennas 345 22.4 Traveling-wave wire antennas 345 22.5 The theory of simple arrays 349 22.6 Diffraction by a rectangular slit 356 22.7 Diffraction by a large circular aperture 360 22.8 Diffraction by a small circular aperture 369 22.9 Diffraction by the complementary screen 371 22.10 Paraxial wave equation 372 23 Waves and Resonances in Ferrites 377 23.1 Introduction 377 23.2 Ferrites 378 23.3 Large-signal equations 380 23.4 Linearized (small-signal) equations 381 23.5 Uniform precession in a small ellipsoid 383 23.6 Plane wave solutions 384 23.7 Small-signal power and energy 388 23.8 Small-signal stress and momentum 391 23.9 Quasiparticle interpretation (magnons) 393 24 Equivalent Circuits 395 24.1 Receiving circuit of a dipole 395 24.2 TEM transmission lines 398 24.3 Lossless tapered lines 406 24.4 Transients on transmission lines 408 24.5 Plane waves (oblique incidence) 411 24.6 Waveguides 413 24.7 The scattering matrix 418 24.8 Directional couplers 421 24.9 Resonators 421 25 Practice Problems 435 25.1 Statics 435 25.2 Quasistatics 448 25.3 Plane waves 458 25.4 Radiation and diffraction 462 25.5 Transmission lines 472 25.6 Waveguides 481 25.7 Junctions and couplers 485 25.8 Resonators 490 25.9 Ferrites 491 25.10 Four-dimensional electromagnetics 496 PART IV BACKMATTER Summary 505 Electromagnetic Luminaries 511 About the Author 519 Appendix A 521 A.1 Theory of Special Relativity 521 A.2 Transformations between fixed and moving coordinates 530 Appendix B 537 B.1 The unit step and uk (t ) functions 537 B.2 Three-dimensional vector identities and theorems 538 B.3 Four-dimensional vector and tensor identities 543 B.4 Four-space identities 544 Appendix C 547 C.1 Stationary spatially symmetric sources 547 C.2 Multipole expansions of static fields 550 C.3 Averaging property of Laplace’s Equation 553 C.4 Solutions of Laplace’s Equation 554 C.5 Laplace’s Equation in N dimensions 558 C.6 Ellipsoids in uniform fields 559 Appendix D 563 D.1 Alternate power, energy, stress, and momentum 563 D.2 Minkowski representations 568 D.3 Stress-momentum representations of torque 571 Appendix E 577 E.1 Fields of specified charges and currents 577 E.2 Fields of a moving point charge 578 E.3 Method of images 583 E.4 Characteristic impedances of TEM transmission lines 586 Appendix F 593 F.1 Bessel functions 593 F.2 Chebyshev polynomials 598 F.3 Hermite polynomials 600 Appendix G 601 G.1 Macsyma and Maxima 601 G.2 Macsyma program descriptions 602 G.3 Macsyma notebooks 605 G.4 Text of Macsyma/Maxima batch program 608 Appendix H 619 H.1 Animated fields of surface currents 619 H.2 Animated fields of a cylindrical volume current, Jz (t ) = Jou−1(t ) 620 H.3 Animated fields of a cylindrical surface current, Kz (t ) = Kou−1(t ) 621 H.4 Animated fields of line-current transients 622 H.5 Animated field of a radiating Hertzian dipole 623 H.6 Animated beauty-power fluxes of cylindrical waveguide modes 623 H.7 Macsyma animations and graphics 624 References 627 Index 631

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