Diseases and disorders Books

Book SynopsisTable of ContentsSection 1: Immunologic Basis of Autoimmunity 1. Prelude: Historical introduction to autoimmunity and autoimmune disease 2. Structural and Functional Aspects of the Innate and Adaptive Systems of Immunity 3. General Features of Autoimmune Diseases 4. Antigen Presentation, Dendritic Cells, and Autoimmunity 5. T cells and their subsets 6. Role of Th1 Th2 Th17 Cells in Autoimmunity 7. Tolerance and Autoimmunity: T Cells 8. Regulatory T Cells 9. B Cells and Autoimmunity 10. Immunological memory T cells 11. Immunological memory B cells 12. Apoptotic Cells as a Source of Autoantigens 13. Effector Mechanisms of Autoimmunity: Antibodies and Immune Complexes 14. Functional Effects of Autoantibodies 15. Cytokine Chemokines 16. Signaling Pathways in T and B Lymphocytes 17. HLA Genetics and Autoimmunity 18. Non HLA Genetics 19. AIRE related Autoimmunity 20. Immune Deficiencies and Autoimmunity 21. Infections and Autoimmunity 22. Noninfectious Environmental Agents and Autoimmunity 23. Sex, Pregnancy and Autoimmunity 24. Animal Models of Autoimmune Disease Section 2: Multisystem Diseases 25. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 26. Systemic Sclerosis, Scleroderma 27. Antiphospholipid Syndrome 28. Sjogren Syndrome 29. Rheumatoid Arthritis 30. Spondyloarthritis and Chronic Idiopathic Arthropathies 31. Myositis 32. Thyroid Disease 33. Type 1 Diabetes 34. Adrenalitis 35. Polyendocrine Syndromes 36. Gastritis and Pernicious Anemia 37. Hypophysitis 38. Hemolytic Anemia 39. Thrombocytopenic Purpura 40. Neutropenia 41. Aplastic Anemia 42. Clotting Disorders 43. Multiple Sclerosis 44. Peripheral Neuropathy 45. Myasthenia Gravis 46. Ocular Disease 47. Inner Ear Disease 48. Celiac Disease 49. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease 50. Chronic Hepatitis 51. Primary Billiary Cirrhosis 52. Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis 53. Pancreatitis 54. Bullous Skin Diseases: Pemphigus and Pemphigoid 55. Non-Bullous Skin Diseases: Alopecia, Vitiligo, Psoriasis and Urticaria 56. Kidney Disease: Goodpasture’s Disease, Lupus Nephritis, ANCA-Associated Glomerulonephritis 57. Orchitis and Male Infertility 58. Oophoritis 59. Rheumatic Heart Disease 60. Myocarditis and Dilated Cardiomyopathy 61. Necrotizing Arteritis and Small Vessel Vasculitis 62. Large and Medium Vessel Vasculitides 63. Autoimmune Disorders of the Lung 64. Paraneoplastic Diseases 65. Antibody-Associated Neurological Diseases 66. Autoinflammatory and other Related Diseases Section 3: Diagnosis, Prevention, and Therapy 67. Autoantibody Assays, Testing, and Standardization 68. Prediction of Autoimmune Disease 69. Emerging Therapies for Autoimmune Diseases 70. Postlude

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPART I: Wellness, Nutrition, and the Nursing Role 1. Wellness Nutrition 2. Personal and Community Nutrition PART II: Nutrients, Food, and Health 3. Digestion, Absorption, and Metabolism 4. Carbohydrates 5. Fats 6. Protein 7. Vitamins 8. Water and Minerals PART III: Health Promotion Through Nutrition and Nursing Practice 9. Energy, Weight and Fitness 10. Nutrition Across the Life Span PART IV: Overview of Medical Nutrition Therapy 11. Nutrition Assessment and Patient Care 12. Food-Related Issues 13. Nutrition for Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract 14. Nutrition for Disorders of the Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas 15. Nutrition for Diabetes Mellitus 16. Nutrition in Metabolic Stress: Burns, Trauma, and Surgery 17. Nutrition for Cardiopulmonary Disease 18. Nutrition for Diseases of the Kidneys 19. Nutrition for Neuro-Psychiatric Disorders 20. Nutrition in Cancer and HIV-AIDS Glossary Index

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Book SynopsisWritten by world authorities on the subject, this reference comprehensively covers every aspect of colorectal cancer. Addressing the molecular mechanisms, genetics, identification, and therapy of disease, this guide covers new pharmaceutical developments, current screening protocols, and modern methods of disease management by specialists at renowned institutions such as the Royal Marsden Hospital, the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and the Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center.Table of ContentsGenetic Susceptibility to Colorectal Cancer. Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer. Colorectal Cancer Screening. Pathology. Familial Cancer Management. The Surgical Principles of Managing Colorectal Cancer. Adjuvant Therapy for Colorectal Cancer. The Role of Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Rectal Cancer. Hepatic Directed Therapy. Pharmacogenomics of Colorectal Cancer. Drug Development for Advanced Colorectal Cancer in the U.S.

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Book SynopsisThe Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, officially recognizing that various risk factors for disease are present in our environment, has proposed the concept of lifestyle-related diseases. These include those diseases that are tied to such lifestyle choices as excessive alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, exposure to stress, and poor diet.Ongoing attention to this issue led to an International Symposium on Free Radicals and Health: Molecular Interventions and Protection of Lifestyle-Related Diseases bringing together the top experts in that area. With the belief that the recognition of the occurrence of risk factors and their identification are important to overcoming lifestyle-related diseases, three of those experts invited prominent participants at the symposium to contribute to a book. Molecular Interventions in Lifestyle-Related Diseases is the result of that effort.This book is divided into three main sections:Free Radicals, Lifestyle-Related DTable of ContentsFree Radicals, Lifestyle-Related Diseases, and Their Protection. Free Radicals, Brain Diseases, and Their Protection. Nutraceuticals, Functional Foods, Micronutrients, and Pharmacological Interventions.

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Book SynopsisWritten by authors from the world's most prominent cancer centers, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia supplies a comprehensive, up-to-date picture of CLL and how to better treat patients inflicted with the disease.New information on developments in the molecular pathogenesis of this disease impacts how physicians approach and treat patients with CLL. The various predisposing factors for the disease are addressed along with current and future treatment modalities and recommended standards of care.Key features include: introduction by Kanti Rai, MD who developed the Rai Classification and Staging system used in CLL diagnosis CLL in relationship to gene expression profiling and molecular abnormalities familial clustering and gene predisposition targeted therapy trials clinical patient management based upon stage and progression of disease Table of Contents1. Origin and Nature of the CLL Cell. 2. Gene Expression Profiling. 3. Molecular Pathogenesis. 4. CLL and the B Cell Receptor. 5. Epidemiology and Familial CLL. 6. Apoptosis Disregulation in CLL. 7. Differential Diagnosis, Staging, and Prognostic Factors. 8. Frontline Therapy. 9. Treatment of Relapsed Disease. 10. New Therapies. 11. Transplant in CLL. 12. Gene therapy, vaccines and immune modulation. 13. PLL. 14. CLL Specific Complications: Autoimmunity and Richter’s Syndrome. 15. Infections in CLL.

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Book SynopsisHow to Beat Panic Disorder One Step at a Time is specifically addressed to low-intensity patients and follows an evidence-based cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) approach.This book is the perfect resource for helping you to beat panic attacks and panic disorder, either by yourself or in conjunction with the support of an IAPT service. Written in a friendly, engaging (and jargon-free!) style, the book encourages interactive reading through tables, illustrations and worksheets. Real-life case studies illustrate the use of each intervention and demonstrate how you can work through your condition. This book will help you to understand your panic cycle, and to face your fears through gradual exposure.Paul Farrand and Marie Chellingsworth have both worked at a national level in the area of CBT self-help research and training, with past involvement in organisations and programmes as diverse as the Department of Health, British Psychological Society, P

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Book SynopsisRobin Sheppard had always seemed liked a lucky guy! Proud father of two sons: Sam the eldest (the musical/wordy one) and Charlie (the artistic/sporty one). Still good friends with his first wife Georgina and partnered by the effervescent and indomitable Suzanne when his hitherto contented life took a different turn. He had bounded through 50 years of an unfettered existence. A universe largely comprising five star hotels set in manicured gardens, with fine wines and outrageous flower arrangements, separating well-heeled customers in which the anticipation of need' was paramount. After growing up in Bath he had become an hotelier who delighted in operating some of the very best of Britain's hotels, winning hotel of the year prizes along the way, before founding with some like-minded chums, their own specialist hotel operating group. Ending up in London he presided over an empire of a dozen or so glamorous hotels which featured architecture of the grade one variety, decadent décor, period fixtures in Capability parkland surroundings, and food of the highest standard. His was an untroubled workplace. Taking time out along the way to invent the truly iconic, deep blue, skittle shaped, Ty-Nant mineral water and then a niche adult soft drinks business. He became an entrepreneur without even knowing it and a role model for many a novice hotel student along the way. Then things changed.

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Book SynopsisMassage, aromatherapy, reflexology and a variety of relaxation techniques are frequently used in hospices, supportive care settings and some hospitals. However, there are still gaps and limitations in the choices offered to patients. HEARTS (Hands-on, Empathy, Aromas, Relaxation, Textures, Sound) was devised to bridge this gap for complementary therapists, patients, carers and health care professionals. HEARTS can be used either on its own, or integrated with a conventional complementary therapy. It can also be used easily by health care workers (and carers) who are not qualified in any therapies. By discussing principles which may influence the effectiveness of touch and relaxation therapies, the book emphasises that there are 'easy' approaches that can be utilised when working with distressed and vulnerable patients.By developing an understanding of touch, aromas and the sound of the human voice, Combining Touch and Relaxation Skills for Cancer Care guides practitioners in helping their patients achieve a state of relaxation and calm as quickly and easily as possible.Trade ReviewWith this book, Ann has created a wonderful fusion of knowledge and narrative. She offers the reader a clear rationale as to why she incorporated each aspect of HEARTS into her practice. She leads us on a journey, showing the evolution of this precious technique, illustrating with case studies at every stage. Fantastic! -- Jacqui Stringer, Clinical Lead for Tissue Viability and Complementary Health & Wellbeing, Christie NHS TrustIn this book, Ann Carter masterly explains and illustrates the entire HEARTS process for professional users from a theoretical to a practical point of view. As HEARTS undoubtedly is a multisensorial technique much needed in these challenging times for the supportive care within the healthcare system, this is a must-read informative book for nurses and therapists working in cancer settings and palliative care. Excellent! -- Jonathan Benavides, Clinical aromatherapist, director Essentia Nobilis, HEARTS teacher, educator, counsellorThis is a helpful book for anyone who is dealing with cancer patients or the chronically ill who would like to give them some gentle touch therapy to alleviate pain and to nurture the emotions and spirits of the receiver. In fact it would be very pleasant for anyone to receive or to give. I hope HEARTS will contribute to more merit being given to touch therapy in general. -- Rachel Nicolle FwSS * Shiatsu Health Point *

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Book SynopsisRestorative justice has developed rapidly from being a barely known term to occupying a central role in debates on the future of criminal justice. But as it has become part of the mainstream of debate, so new tensions and issues have emerged. One of the most crucial issues is to find an appropriate combination of restorative justice, based essentially on informal deliberation, and the law. The purpose of this book is to analyse the several dimensions to this issue. It explores the social and ethical foundations of restorative justice, seeks to position it in relation to both rehabilitation and punishment, and examines the possibility of developing and incorporating restorative justice as the mainstream response to crime in terms of the principles of constitutional democracy. Amongst the questions it addresses are the following: How are informal processes to be juxtaposed with formal procedures? What is the appropriate relationship between voluntarism and coercion? How can the procedures and practices of restorative justice be combined with legal standards, safeguards and precepts? How can one balance restorative responses with legally sanctioned punishment? In this book a distinguished team of contributors consider this crucial set of relationships between restorative justice and the law, building upon papers and discussions at the fifth international restorative justice conference in Leuven, Belgium, in September 2001. restorative justice has grown rapidly throughout the worldthis book addresses the central issue of relationship of restorative justice to existing law and legal systemschapters from world leading authoritiesTable of ContentsContents 1 Introduction: Restoration and community, law and state - paradoxes, contradictions, convergences?, Lode Walgrave (KU Leuven) 2 In search of restorative ethics, George Pavlich (University of Alberta) 3 Restorative justice as a moral response to crime, Hans Boutellier (Dutch Ministry of Justice) 4 In search of restorative jurisprudence, John Braithwaite (Australian National University) 5 Creating restorative systems, Daniel van Ness (Prison Fellowship International, Washington DC) 6 Heresy, nostalgia and butterfly collecting: the state, community and restorative justice, Adam Crawford (University of Leeds) 7 Repair, relationships and rehabilitation: toward a restorative theory of offender reintegration, Gordon Bazemore (Florida Atlantic University) 8 A pedagogical point of view on restorative conferencing, Ido Weijers (University of Utrecht) 9 Restorative Punishment and Punitive Restoration, Antony Duff (Stirling University) 10 Regulating coercion in restorative justice, Lode Walgrave (KU Leuven) Index

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Book Synopsis80 per cent of the world's blind population are blind because they were born in the wrong place. You are less likely to go blind in Japan, the second richest nation in the world, than in Burkina Faso in Africa, one of the three poorest. Jarret Schecter followed the work of Orbis, an international organisation who provide free and inexpensive eye treatment in impoverished nations, among them Burkina Faso. "Visiting Burkina Faso, one of the world's poorest countries, I sensed that there was a disproportionate number of people deprived of sight. Back in the United States, in February 2002, I discovered that 8 out 10 blind people live in the developing world. Astounding as this statistic is, I was even more surprise to learn that the vast majority of blindness in the world is preventable. Incredibly, most preventable blindness is cured through inexpensive procedures, that literally last minutes". Like many residual problems of poverty that are endemic to the developing world, people in the developed world do not make an intuitive link between blindness and poverty. The association is not made and the magnitude of the problem is even much less understood. Approximately, 80% of the world's 50 million blind people are blind because they were born in the wrong place. They are blind due to the residual effects of poverty: vitamin A deficiency, unsanitary conditions, minimal healthcare, and other issues. At the moment, in the world, 40 million people suffer from preventable blindness and around 125 million can barely see due to impoverished conditions. Although the developed world has done relatively little thus far, there are fortunately certain international organisations that are declaring war on preventable blindness. Organisations such as Orbis provide free or inexpensive eye treatment to people who needlessly suffer from preventable blindness. Through Orbis, ophthalmologists and support staff, whom in many instances volunteer, heroically and tirelessly travel throughout the world's poorest countries to give sight to those who are arbitrarily prevented from seeing.

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Book SynopsisIn this ground-breaking new work, Patrick J McEvoy connects with healthcare professionals, patients and illness to presenting an entirely new way to address chronic disease management. By reflecting on the very nature of chronic disease, rather than focusing on its consequences, the book sheds new light on the complex realities of general practice, explaining the intricacies of community medicine, and its relationship with both sociology and epidemiology. Highly practical in its approach, the book offers a generic paradigm of chronic disease, a trajectory-based model of clinical management and a curriculum for chronic care. It provides thought-provoking reading for all health and social care students and professionals, post-graduate trainees in General Practice and their trainers seeking inspirational new ways to manage chronic disease.Table of ContentsForeword. Introduction: Chronic disease, its natural history and ecology. Chronic disease; what's so special about it? Overview: the executive summary. Chronic disease management in a nutshell. Are you interested in chronic disease? How many chronic diseases have you? Scenario: A consultation. The impact of chronic disease. Some characteristics of chronic disease: trajectory, psychosocial and system constructs. Disability as a chronic condition. Scenario: Tutorial time. References. The story of chronic disease. Overview of chapter two. Scenario: Story time. Chronic disease, the enemy within. Profiling chronic disease: chronic-v-acute disease. Models of disease. Comorbidity and multimorbidity. The natural history of chronic disease - the life-cycle of the dragon. The ecology of the dragon. Entering the dragon's den. Laying the foundation stone of the chronic disease paradigm. Summary: the story to date. A bit of epidemiology. References. The journey through chronic disease. Overview of chapter three. What is it like to live with chronic illness? Scenario: A case study. The patient's journey through chronic disease. The early days; the importance of diagnosis. The middle passage; illness progression and transitions. Advanced disease; the palliative phase and end of life. The clinician's journey with the patient. Time as the measure of chronic illness. What patients want. The sociology of health and disease. The sick role - the person and illness behaviour. The healer role. Disability and handicap. The social determinants of health and disease. Scenario: A reflective learning diary. References. Care of the chronic sick - the community complex. Overview of chapter four. Who cares? Scenario: The village. Care in the community. Levels of care - why, how much, where and at what cost? Issues in care: Autonomy, advocacy and agency. The expert patient and self-management. Personal and public involvement. The caring professions. A historical note on the UK systems of health and social care. Scenario: A proposed practice policy on carers. Conclusion and reflection. References. The clinical complex: the General Practitioner and chronic care. Overview of chapter five. Part one: General Practice as the focus of chronic disease management. What GPs do - fishing or filtering? General practice - concept and method. Defining general practice. The primary care team and multidisciplinary teamwork. Designated clinics in General Practice. The GP-hospital interface. A primary care paradigm shift. Health promotion and health education. Scenario: A review of progress. Part two: Developing the clinical complex. Electronic media and GP/FM. Internet interventions and self-help. Integrated care. Commissioning chronic care. The quality agenda. Patient involvement and quality. Clinical effectiveness. Outcomes. Management and governance. Evidence, guidelines and audit. Conclusion and reflections. References. A chronic care revolution - service re-design and the policy complex. Overview of chapter six. Health policy: global, national and local. Who policy and chronic disease management. Unpacking health policy. Building blocks of the chronic care revolution. Scenario: A coffee break. Ten characteristics of an effective health service and four strategies. Social policy and chronic care. A 12-step rehabilitation programme. Summary. References. The learning and teaching complex through the chronic disease paradigm. Overview of chapter seven. Medical education in primary care - a UK profile. How is chronic care taught? The chronic disease paradigm. The chronic disease paradigm unpacked. The patient complex. The clinical complex. The community complex. The policy complex. The disease complex. The learning and teaching complex. Chronic illness care for students and trainees. Chronic illness care - a new specialism. A curriculum for chronic illness care. Scenario: Reflections of a trainer. Scenario: Learning through chronic disease. Summary and reflection. References. Meeting the challenges of chronic care. Overview of chapter eight. We have a problem on our hands! The NHS is well placed. General practice meeting the challenge of chronic disease? A menu of tactical responses. Taking stock of UK primary care. Slimming practice and noise abatement. Chronic care guidelines for the GP. Conclusion. References. Appendices.

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Book SynopsisThis text presents a compilation of topics that have been taught at Metabolic University (MU), an interactive, didactic educational program that has trained over 600 metabolic dietitians/nutritionists, physicians, nurses and genetic counselors. This book was created in 2014 for the metabolic community. The 1st edition contains only subject matter covered at Metabolic University; therefore, it is not a comprehensive treatise on Inherited Metabolic Disorders (IMD) but rather a text on the most frequently encountered challenges in IMD nutrition. Each chapter in the book highlights principles of nutrition management, how to initiate a diet, and biomarkers to monitor the diet. Recognizing that there are variations in practice, this book addresses that the key to management lies in the understanding how the inactivity of an enzyme in a metabolic pathway determines which components of the diet must be restricted and which must be supplemented as well as the monitoring of appropriate biomarkers to make diet adjustments and ensure the goals of therapy are met The 2nd edition is an updated and more extensive version covering the nutrition management of IMD, and covers a wide range of these disorders, including phenylketonuria and other aminoacidopathies, organic acidemias, urea cycle disorders, fatty acid oxidation disorders, galactosemia and glycogen storage diseases. Guidance is also provided on laboratory evaluations and biochemical testing and monitoring. Topics such as newborn screening for IMD, as well as nutrition management during pregnancy and transplantation, are also addressed. In addition, current medical management therapies is included.Table of ContentsBackground: Introduction to Genetics.- Expanded Newborn Screening for Inherited Metabolic Diseases.- Nutrition Education.- Pathophysiology of Inherited Metabolic Disease.- Metabolic Intoxication Syndrome in a Newborn.- Anabolism: Practical Strategies.- Protein Requirements in Inherited Metabolic Diseases.- Laboratory Evaluations in Inherited Metabolic Diseases. Aminoacidopathies: Phenyketonuria: Phenylalanine Neurotoxicity.- Phenylketonuria: The Diet Basics.- Understanding Large Neutral Amino Acids and the Blood Brain Barrier.- Tetrahydrobiopterin Therapy in Phenylketonuria.- Maternal Phenylketonuria.- Homocystinuria: Diagnosis and Management.- Nutrition Management of Urea Cycle Disorders.- Nutrition Management of Maple Syrup Urine Disease. Organic Acidemias: Organic Acidemias.- Glutaric Acidemia Type 1: Diagnosis and Management.- Nutrition Management of Glutaric Acidemia Type 1.- Nutrition Management of Propionic Acidemia and Methylmalonic Acidemia.- Nutrition Management during Pregnancy: Maple Syrup Urine Disease, Propionic Acidemia and Urea Cycle Disorders. Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorders: Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorders.- Nutrition Studies in Long Chain Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorders: Diet Composition and Monitoring.- Nutrition Management of Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorders. Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism: Nutrition Management of Galactosemia.- Glycogen Storage Disease.- Nutrition Management of Glycogen Storage Disease Type 1.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides an introduction to the principles of both cardiovascular epidemiology and molecular pathophysiology; as a unique aspect, it also outlines and discusses the molecular concepts underlying epidemiological observations. This third volume is focused on the most common “cardiovascular events” to provide an overview on pathogenesis and clinical aspects. The book promotes the use of interdisciplinary approaches in the field of preventive medicine based on recent advances in molecular and cellular pathophysiology. The book offers a valuable resource for researchers in basic biomedical fields and clinical scientists alike, as well as guidelines for novel avenues of research in both basic pathophysiology and cardiovascular therapy and prevention.Table of ContentsIschemic heart disease.- Stroke.- Heart Failure.- Cardiac arrhythmias.- Pulmonary hypertension.- Peripheral artery disease.- Venous Thromboembolism.- Abdominar aortic aneurism.​

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Book SynopsisThe development of immunization has been one of the most striking features in the control of infectious disease in the twentieth century. This book takes into account the need for a simple, concise account of immunization procedures not only in the UK and USA but also in other countries, and to this end a special chapter on immunization in developing countries has been included. Following two introductory chapters, there are nine chapters on various diseases and the vaccines that have been developed to combat them. In each of these chapters, a short discussion of the epidemiology of the disease and the history of immunization against it is followed by a description of the vaccine, its efficacy, contraindications to its use and future developments. These are followed by four general chapters on vaccines for travel, vaccines for selective use, passive immunization and immunization in tropical environments and the book concludes with a chapter on the smallpox vaccination and one on new vaccines. The demand for this book follows the popularity of a series of articles on immunization which appeared in Update. These have been expanded and largely rewritten. I have drawn on many expert sources and have made an effort to provide a balanced and non-controversial opinion with a discussion of alternative procedures where indicated.Table of Contents1 Introduction.- 2 Vaccines and Schedules.- 3 Diphtheria.- 4 Tetanus.- 5 Whooping Cough.- 6 Poliomyelitis.- 7 Measles (Rubeola).- 8 Rubella.- 9 Tuberculosis.- 10 Vaccines for Selective Use.- Influenza.- Viral Hepatitis.- Mumps.- Meningococcal Meningitis.- Pneumococcal Infections.- Anthrax.- 11 Vaccination for Travel.- Cholera.- Yellow Fever.- Typhoid Fever.- Others.- 12 Immunization in Developing Countries.- 13 Passive Immunization.- 14 Smallpox (Variola).- 15 New Vaccines.

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Book SynopsisCOVID-19: A History presents a global history of the virus, with a focus on Canada. Jacalyn Duffin’s broad approach ranges from medical interventions, such as the development of tests, treatments, and vaccines, to the practical politics behind quarantines, barrier technologies, lockdowns, and social and financial supports.Trade Review“As a physician, historian, and now volunteer contact-tracer, Duffin provides a unique perspective on the history of COVID-19. This well-written and engaging book is the most detailed historical overview to date on the first waves of the pandemic in Canada and around the world.” Catherine Carstairs, University of Guelph and author of The Smile Gap: A History of Oral Health and Social Inequality“Although there is a COVID book on almost every topic, Jacalyn’s Duffin’s history instantly stands out. She has written a global history that is both measured and sophisticated. Although there will be other histories of the pandemic, I am confident that Duffin’s analysis will occupy an important place in the historiography of COVID-19 for years to come.” The American Review of Canada Studies“With verve and skill, Duffin tells a compelling story that is familiar in its big picture and new in its fine details. In the hands of most any other scholar, a short history of COVID-19 would be a blur, but in the hands of this leading medical historian, it’s a tour-de-force of smart analysis and clear writing. Among Duffin’s many strengths are her ability to draw on ancient, medieval, early modern, and modern history to deepen our understanding of the present, as well as her ability to weave different themes in and out of her text. Two stand out: scapegoating and the social determinants of health.” Literary Review of Canada

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewAn excellent introduction to the origins introduction to the origins of schizophrenia, which brings together a large amount of recent work in a readable and critical manner. -- Michael Owen The British Journal of PsychiatryTable of ContentsForeword, by Robert Freedman Acknowledgments Introduction, by Alan S. Brown and Paul H. Patterson Overview: Schizophrenia and the Lifetime Trajectory of Psychotic Illness: Developmental Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Redux, by John L. Waddington, Robin J. Hennessy, Colm M. P. O'Tuathaigh, Olabisi Owoeye, and Vincent Russell Part 1. Clinical Research on Risk Factors for Schizophrenia Section 1. Environmental Factors: Epidemiologic Studies on the Etiologies of Schizophrenia 1. Maternal Infection and Schizophrenia, by Alan S. Brown 2. Prenatal Nutrition and the Etiology of Schizophrenia, by Kristin N. Harper and Alan S. Brown 3. Obstetric Complications and Schizophrenia: Historical Overview and New Directions, by Mary Clarke, Sarah Roddy, and Mary Cannon 4. Maternal Stress During Pregnancy and Schizophrenia, by Mary C. Iampietro and Lauren M. Ellman 5. Advancing Paternal Age and the Risk for Schizophrenia, by Sarah Crystal, Karine Kleinhaus, Mary Perrin, and Dolores Malaspina 6. Cannabis Use as a Component Cause of Schizophrenia, by Paola Casadio, Marta Di Forti, and Robin M. Murray Section 2. Genetics and Epigenetics 7. Schizophrenia Genetics: What Have We Learned from Genomewide Association Studies?, by Alan R. Sanders, Jubao Duan, and Pablo V. Gejman 8. Genetic Architecture of Schizophrenia: The Contribution of Copy Number Variation, by Maria Karayiorgou, Rebecca J. Levy, and Bin Xu 9. The Epigenetics of Schizophrenia, by Iris Cheung, Mira Jakovcevski, and Schahram Akbarian Part 2. Preclinical Research on Etiologies of Schizophrenia Section 1. Animal Models of Environmental Factors and Schizophrenia 10. Animal Models of the Maternal Infection Risk Factor for Schizophrenia, by Paul H. Patterson 11. Developmental Vitamin D Deficiency as a Risk Factor for Schizophrenia, by Xiaoying Cui, Darryl W. Eyles, Thomas H. J. Burne, and John J. McGrath 12. Animal Models of Prenatal Protein Malnutrition Relevant for Schizophrenia, by Lisa M. Tarantino, Teresa M. Reyes, and Abraham A. Palmer 13. Animal Models of the Maternal Stress Risk Factor for Schizophrenia, by Paul H. Patterson Section 2. Animal Models of Genetic Factors and Schizophrenia 14. DISC1: A New Paradigm for Schizophrenia and Biological Psychiatry, by David Porteous 15. Mutant Models of Nrg1 and ErbB4: Abnormalities of Brain Structures, Functions, and Behaviors Relevant to Schizophrenia, by Yachi Chen, Lorna W. Role, and David A. Talmage List of Contributors Index

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Book SynopsisFirst book-length treatment of model-based meta-analytic methods for descriptive epidemiologyTable of ContentsFigures Tables Acknowledgments Introduction | by Abraham D. Flaxman, Theo Vos, and Christopher J.L. Murray 1. An Introductory Example 2. A Motivating Example 3. From Systematic Review to Metaregression 4. History of Generic Disease Modeling 5. What is Not in This Book Section One | Theory and Methods 1. Background material on Bayesian methods / Abraham D. Flaxman 1.1 A meta-analysis example 1.2 Another meta-analysis example 1.3 Summary 2. Statistical models for rates, ratios, and durations / Abraham D. Flaxman 2.1 A motivating example 2.2 Binomial model 2.3 Beta-binomial model 2.4 Poisson model 2.5 Negative-binomial mode 2.6 Transformed normal models 2.7 Lower-bound data model 2.8 Quantification of uncertainty 2.9 Comparison 2.10 Summary and future work 3. Age pattern models / Abraham D. Flaxman 3.1 Definition of spline models 3.2 Choosing knots 3.3 Penalized spline models 3.4 Augmenting the spline model 3.5 Summary and future work 4. Expert priors on age patterns / Abraham D. Flaxman 4.1 Priors on level 4.2 Priors on monotonicity 4.3 Priors are not just for splines 4.4 Hierarchical similarity priors on age patterns 4.5 Summary and future work 5. Statistical models for heterogeneous age groups / Abraham D. Flaxman 5.1 Overlapping age-group data 5.2 Midpoint model 5.3 Disaggregation model 5.4 Midpoint model with group width covariate 5.5 Age-standardizing and age-integrating models 5.6 Model comparison 5.7 Summary and future work 6. Covariate modeling / Abraham D. Flaxman 6.1 Cross-walk fixed effects to explain bias 6.2 Predictive fixed effects to improve out-of-sample estimation 6.3 Fixed effects to explain variance 6.4 Random effects for spatial variation 6.5 Covariates and consistency 6.6 Summary and future work 7. Prevalence estimates from other data types / Abraham D. Flaxman 7.1 A motivating example 7.2 System dynamics model of disease in a population 7.3 Endemic equilibrium 7.4 Forward simulation examples 7.5 Summary and future work 8. Numerical algorithms / Abraham D. Flaxman 8.1 Markov chain Monte Carlo 8.2 The Metropolis-Hastings step method 8.3 The Adaptive Metropolis step method 8.4 Convergence of the MCMC algorithm 8.5 Initial values for MCMC 8.6 A meta-analysis example 8.7 Empirical Bayesian priors to borrow strength between regions 8.8 Summary and future work 8.9 Challenges and limitations Section Two | Applications 9. Knot selection in spline models / Yong Yi Lee, Theo Vos, Abraham D. Flaxman, Jed Blore, and Louisa Degenhardt 10. Unclear age pattern, requiring expert priors / Hannah M. Peterson, Yong Yi Lee, Theo Vos, and Abraham D. Flaxman 11. Empirical priors / David Chou, Hannah M. Peterson, Abraham D. Flaxman, Christopher J.L. Murray, and Mohsen Naghavi 12. Overlapping, heterogeneous age groups / Mohammad H. Forouzanfar, Abraham D. Flaxman, Hannah M. Peterson, Mohsen Naghavi, and Sumeet Chugh 13. Dealing with geographical variation / Abraham D. Flaxman, Khayriyyah Mohd Hanaah, Justina Groeger, Hannah M. Peterson, and Steven T. Wiersma 14. Cross-walking with fixed effects / Amanda Baxter, Jed Blore, Abraham D. Flaxman, Theo Vos, and Harvey Whiteford 15. Improving out-of-sample prediction / Ali Mokdad, Abraham D. Flaxman, Hannah M. Peterson, Christopher J.L. Murray, and Mohsen Naghavi 16. Risk factors / Stephen S. Lim, Hannah M. Peterson, and Abraham D. Flaxman 17. The compartmental model / Sarah K. Wulf, Abraham D. Flaxman, Mohsen Naghavi, and Giuseppe Remuzzi 18. Knot selection in compartmental spline models / Marita Cross, Damian Hoy, Theo Vos, Abraham D. Flaxman, and Lyn March 19. Expert priors in compartmental models / Alize Ferrari, Abraham D. Flaxman, Hannah M. Peterson, Theo Vos, and Harvey Whiteford 20. Cause-specific mortality rates / Theo Vos, Jed Blore, Abraham D. Flaxman, Hannah M. Peterson, and Juergen Rehm Conclusion / Abraham D. Flaxman, Christopher J.L. Murray, and Theo Vos Appendix: GBD Study 2010 spatial hierarchy References Contributors About the editors Index

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Book SynopsisThe eagerly awaited 2nd edition of this classic handbook is a critical, thorough account of memory disorders relating to neurological processes and to developmental and acquired brain damage and presents comprehensive sections on theory, assessment, treatment and management of memory disorders.Trade Review“…incorporates several changes and additions that reflect the progress that has been made…promises to be a valuable resource…” (The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, Vol 57A(5), 2004)Table of ContentsAbout the Editors. List of Contributors. Preface. Preface to the First Edition. SECTION I: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND. The Psychology of Memory (A. Baddeley). Neurobiological Foundations of Human Memory (D. Tranel and A.Damasio). Functional Neuroimaging of Memory (M. Rugg). The Medial Temporal Lobe and Memory for Facts and Events (J. Mannsand L. Squire). Connectionist Models for Memory Disorders (J. Murre). Psychopharmacology of Human Memory (H. Curran and H.Weingartner). SECTION II: VARIETIES OF MEMORY DISORDER. The Amnesic Syndrome: Overview and Subtypes (M. O'Connor and M.Verfaillie). Theories of Anterograde Amnesia (A. Mayes). Retrograde Amnesia (M. Kopelman). Transient Global Amnesia (G. Goldenberg). Recovery of Memory Function in Neurological Disease (N. Kapur andK. Graham). Neuropsychological Impairments of Verbal Short-term Memory (G.Vallar and C. Papagano). Neuropsychological Impairments of Visual and Spatial Working Memory(S. Della Sala and R. Logie). Disorders of Semantic Memory (J. Snowden). The Cognitive Neuroscience of Confabulation: A Review and a Model(A. Gilboa and M. Moscovitch). Frontal Lobes and Memory (J. Baldo and A. Shimamura). Posttraumatic Amnesia and Residual Memory Deficit after Closed HeadInjury (H. Levin and G. Hanten). Schizophrenia (P. McKenna et al.). Memory and Emotional Disorder (T. Dalgleish and S. Cox). Psychogenic Amnesia (M. Kopelman). SECTION III: DEVELOPMENT AND MEMORY. Memory Development During the Childhood Years (S.Gathercole). Children with Intellectual Disabilities (S. Vicari and G.Carlesimo). Developmental Amnesias and Accquired Amnesias of Childhood (C.Temple). Memory in Elderly People (J. Kester et al.). The Memory Deficit in Alzheimer's Disease (J. Becker and A.Overman) Memory Disorders in Subcortical Dementia (J. Brandt and C.Munro). SECTION IV: ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF MEMORY PROBLEMS. Assessment of Memory Disorders (B. Wilson). Separating Memory from Other Cognitive Disorders (D. Howieson andM. Lezak). Management and Remediation of Memory Problems in Brain-injuredAdults (B. Wilson). Assessment and Management of Memory Problems in Children (J.Middleton). Assessment and Intervention in Dementia of Alzheimer Type (L.Clare). Reducing the Impact of Cognitive Impairment in Dementia (B.Woods). External Memory Aids and Computers in Memory Rehabilitation (N.Kapur et al.). Emotional and Social Consequences of Memory Disorders (R.Tate). Author Index. Subject Index.

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Book SynopsisHoward P. Greenwald takes an incisive look at how class, race, sex, psychological state, type of health care, and available treatments affect one's chance of surviving cancer. Drawing on a ten-year survival study of cancer patients, he synthesizes medical, epidemiological, and psychosocial research in a uniquely interdisciplinary and eye-opening approach to the question of who survives cancer and why. Scientists, health care professionals, philanthropists, government agencies, and the public all agree that significant resources must be allocated to fight this dreaded disease. But what is the most effective way to do it? Greenwald argues that our priorities have been misplaced and calls for a fundamental rethinking of the way the American medical establishment deals with cancer. He asserts that prevention and experimental therapy have only limited value, whereas the availability of conventional medical care has a greater influence on cancer survival. Class and race become strikingly significant in predicting who has access to health care and thus can obtain medical treatment in a timely, effective manner. Greenwald counters the popular notion that personality and psychological factors strongly affect survival, and he underscores the importance of early detection. His research shows that health maintenance organizations, while sometimes prone to delays, offer low-income patients a better chance of ultimate survival. Greenwald pleads for immediate attention to the inadequacies and inequalities in our health care delivery system that deter patients from seeking early medical care. Instead of focusing on research and the hope for a breakthrough cure, Greenwald urges renewed emphasis on ensuring available health care to all Americans. In its challenge to the thrust of much biomedical research and its critique of contemporary American health care, as well as in its fresh and often counterintuitive look at cancer survival, Who Survives Cancer? is invaluable for policymakers, health care professionals, and anyone who has survived or been touched by cancer. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1992.

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Book SynopsisThis extremely important book is the comprehensive and authoritative independent consensus report of the British Nutrition Foundation''s Task Force on Obesity. The Task Force was invited by the Council of the British Nutrition Foundation to review the present state of knowledge of the causes, consequences, prevention and treatment of obesity, and to prepare a report and should it see fit, to draw conclusions, make recommendations and identify areas for future research. Obesity is an authoritative and definitive landmark publication covering all major aspects of this vitally important condition. Bringing together a huge wealth of research information from a wide variety of disciplines, in a well-presented, clear and carefully-edited format, Obesity is an indispensable guide for all personnel involved in the prevention and treatment of obesity, or for those studying and researching in this area. The book provides comprehensive coverage of the health risks of obesity, clinical assessmTable of ContentsTerms of reference. Obesity Task Force Membership. Acknowledgements. 1. Introduction (Dr Michele Sadler). 2. Health Risks of Obesity (Professor John Garrow). 3. Clinical Assessment of Obesity (Professor John Garrow). 4. Epidemiology of Obesity in the UK (Dr Ann Gehily). 5. Aetiology of Obesity I: Introduction (Dr Andrew Prentice). 6. Aetiology of Obesity II: Genetics (Professor Peter Kopelman). 7. Aetiology of Obesity III: Critical Periods for the Development of Obesity (Dr Mary Flynn, Ms Gail Goldberg, Dr Andrew Prentice, Dr Tim Cole). 8. Aetiology of Obesity IV: Metabolic Factors (Dr Andrew Prentice). 9. Aetiology of Obesity V; Macronutrient Balance (Dr Andrew Prentice). 10. Aetiology of Obesity VI: Appetite Control, Physiological Factors (Dr Andrew Prentice, Dr James Stubbs). 11. Aetiology of Obesity VII: Endocrine Causes (Dr Nick Finer, Dr Andrew Prentice). 12. Aetiology of Obesity VIII: Psychological Factors (Professor Jane Wardle). 13. Aetiology of Obesity IX: Dietary Factors. (Dr Andrew Prentice, Dr Susan Jebb). 14. Aetiology of Obesity X: Food Choice, Food Policy and Eating Patterns (Dr David Mela, Professor Christopher Ritson, Ms Sharon Kuznesof). 15. Aetiology of Obesity XI: Physical Inactivity (Professor Kenneth Fox). 16. Significance of within Person Weight Variation (Professor John Garrow). 17. Prevention of Obesity (Professor John Garrow). 18. Treatment of Obesity I: Introduction (Professor John Garrow, Ms Mary O'Kane). 19. Treatment of Obesity II: Dietary Treatment of Obesity (Professor John Garrow, Ms Mary O'Kane). 20. Treatment of Obesity III: Physical Activity and Exercise (Professor Kenneth Fox). 21. Treatment of Obesity IV: Behavioural Treatment (Professor Jane Wardle). 22. Treatment of Obesity V: Pharmacotherapy for Obesity (Professor Peter Kopelman). 23. Treatment of Obesity VI: Surgical Treatments (Professor John Garrow). 24. Treatment of Obesity VII: Resources and Evaluation (Professor John Garrow). 25. Suggestions of Further Reading. 26. Recommendations of the BNF Task Force on Obesity. Appendix : Answers to Questions from medical journalists. Glossary. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisInsulin resistance, defined as a reduced biological action of insulin, has emerged as a major factor in the development and progression of a number of common non-communicable diseases in man. The role of insulin resistance in the aetiology of type 2 diabetes is particularly well-established. However, insulin resistance has also come to be regarded as a key component of a broader syndrome of common metabolic defects that conspire to increase the risk of atherosclerotic coronary heart disease. The ramifications of insulin resistance now embrace many different medical specialties. The objective of this book is to summarize the current state of knowledge about insulin resistance. Section 1 (Pathophysiology of Insulin Resistance) considers the development of current concepts of insulin resistance. This is followed by a critical review of techniques for the assessment of insulin action in humans. The section concludes with an outline of current hypotheses concerning the molecular Table of ContentsSection 1. Pathophysiology of insulin resistance. . 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Normal physiology. 1.2.1 Hormonal regulation of metabolism. . 1.2.2 The insulin receptor. 1.2.3 Post-binding events. 1.2.4 Glucose metabolism. . 1.2.5 Lipid metabolism. . 1.2.6. Protein metabolism. 1.2.7. Ion transport. . 1.3 The concept of insulin resistance. 1.3.1 Early studies of insulin action. 1.4 Definitions of insulin resistance. 1.5 Assessment of insulin action in vivo. 1.5.1 Fasting insulin concentration. 1.5.2 Dynamic tests - endogenous insulin. 1.5.3 Dynamic tests - exogenous insulin. 1.5.4 Mathematical modelling techniques. 1.5.5 The insulin suppression test. 1.5.6 The hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp technique. 1.6. Mechanisms of insulin resistance. . 1.6.1 Genetic causes of insulin resistance. . 1.6.2 Acquired causes of insulin resistance. . 1.6.3.Fetal origins hypothesis. . Further Reading. . Section 2. Insulin resistance in clinical medicine. 2.1 Clinical features. . 2.2 Factors influencing insulin sensitivity. . 2.2.1 Normal variation in insulin action. . 2.2.2 Sex. 2.2.3 Age. . 2.2.4 Physical activity. . 2.2.5 Tobacco. . 2.2.6 Alcohol. . 2.3. Physiological states of insulin resistance. 2.3.1 Puberty. . 2.3.2 Pregnancy. 2.3.4 The menopause. . 2.4 Severe insulin resistance syndromes. . 2.5 Insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk. 2.5.1 Syndrome X. 2.5.2 Obesity. . 2.5.3 Regional adiposity. . 2.5.4 Impaired glucose tolerance. . 2.5.5 Type 2 diabetes. . 2.5.6 Essential hypertension. 2.5.7 Dyslipidaemia. . 2.5.8 Endothelial dysfunction. . 2.5.9 Microalbuminuria. . 2.5.10. Hyperuricaemia. . 2.5.11 Impaired Fibrinolysis. 2.5.12 Polycystic ovary syndrome. . 2.5.13 Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. 2.6 Other disorders associated with insulin resistance. . 2.6.1 Counter-regulatory hormone secretion. . 2.6.2 Endocrinopathies. . 2.6.3 Chronic renal failure. 2.6.4 Cirrhosis. . 2.6.5 Cardiac failure. . 2.7 Miscellaneous inherited disorders. 2.8 Drug-induced insulin resistance. Further Reading. . . Section 3. Management of insulin resistance and associated conditions. 3.1 Non-pharmacological measures. 3.1.1 Medical nutrition therapy. . 3.1.3 Alcohol. . 3.1.4 Tobacco. . 3.2 Drugs for type 2 diabetes. . 3.2.1 Biguanides. 3.2.2 Thiazolidinediones. . 3.2.3 Sulphonyulreas. . 3.2.4 Repaglinide. 3.2.5 a-glucosidase inhibitors. . 3.2.6 Insulin therapy. . 3.3 Anti-obesity drugs. . 3.4 Lipid-modifying drugs. . 3.5 Anti-hypertensive drugs. 3.6 Experimental therapies

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Book SynopsisPunctuated with remarkable case studies, this book explores extraordinary encounters between hermaphrodites and the medical and scientific professionals who grappled with them in late 19th-century France and England. It takes us inside the doctors’ chambers to see how and why medical and scientific men constructed sex, gender, and sexuality.Trade ReviewIn her study of the medical response to human hermaphrodites, Alice Dreger draws on over 300 scientific and medical commentaries in France and Britain, of which over half the cases reported occurred between 1860 and 1915...As Dreger observes, there was no single opinion among doctors or the public at large about which traits were essentially male or female, or even what they might signify. In Britain, female facial hair was likely to be associated with insanity, while in France it was more likely to be seen as a mark of remarkable strength. Other interesting differences emerge...Hermaphrodites and the Medical Invention of Sex is richly researched, detailed and fascinating. -- Angelique Richardson * Times Literary Supplement *This is a well-researched, sober history of a problem that Alice Dreger shows has directly affected more people than we might think and which shapes the sense of sexual identity of us all...Avoiding preachy judgementalism, Dreger shows how deeply ingrained are our assumptions about gender normality (sexual anatomy is destiny) and on how flimsy a basis they have been grounded. The book offers us all a lesson in self-awareness. -- Roy Porter * Nature *Alice Dreger ascribes the growing visibility of the hermaphrodite to Victorian anxieties about gender-blurring social phenomena, including homosexuality and feminism, as well as to improvements in medical science. During the Victorian era, Dreger argues, a greater number of women gained access to gynecological care, and as a result, infant anatomy came under more professional scrutiny; medical journals of the period, widely accessible for the first time, publicized anomalous cases. Scientific knowledge of embryological development began turning the one-time monster or marvel into, in the words of the turn-of-the-century French doctor Xavier Delore, 'a scientific matter and a degraded organism.' -- Emily Nussbaum * Lingua Franca *Dreger...has found a rich mine in the clinical case histories of hermaphroditism, which outline the physicians' complex struggle to find a foolproof way of fitting individuals into a binary sexual scheme. -- Laurence A. Marschall * The Sciences *This engaging, well-written book will benefit scholars and lay readers interested in the history of sex, sexuality, gender, and medicine. The book traces the evolution of what makes a person male or female and shows how the answer has changed depending on when the question was asked and where it was asked. Dreger has succeeded in compelling the reader to ask the same question. -- Patricia Y. Fechner * New England Journal of Medicine *The historic records of [hermaphrodites]...are carefully documented by this meticulous author and merit study...To read this book is to become aware of the tremendous complexity of human sexuality and gender identity--beyond genitals, hormones, enzymes, and even chromosomes and genes. Behavior, feelings, and values blend with intellect and how each individual is sexually drawn to each other. -- Domeena C. Renshaw, MD * Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) *Most people have heard the term 'hermaphrodite,' but aren't quite sure what it means. [This book serves] as an introduction to that topic, bringing the voices of intersex people...into dialogue with...experts. Dreger also includes many fascinating historical photographs. Her stories of detective doctors presiding over 'doubtful-sex gatherings' show how 'again and again, consultations with fellow medical men almost invariably, rather than clearing up confusion, resulted instead in deeper and broader doubt...Medical men often discovered that too many diagnosers spoiled the certainty'...What makes [this book] important and provocative also makes [it] a little dangerous because [it] is so ahead of [its] time. -- Leonore Tiefer * Women's Review of Books *This is a very strange and a very good book, tackling an important topic with humanity, and in a readable style. This is a subject where biology, psychology and medical authority conflict, and where prudery, ignorance and dogmatism drive people to suicide. Dreger deals with the history of definitions of man or woman by myth and by medicine, and provides case histories, together with photographs of the problematic genitalia...As biologists, we should treasure variation--if you doubt that for human sexuality, read this book. -- Jack Cohen * Biologist *Through a collection of dramatic and moving medical case histories from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Dreger argues that the medical profession increasingly claimed the knowledge and authority to determine 'true' gender and to effectuate such determination by surgical means...[This] is a wonderful example that historical writing is not merely about revisiting the past, but reshaping the future. This book will prove fascinating and moving reading for those concerned with the ways in which biomedical knowledge is deployed in the service of the cultural regulation of gender and sexuality. -- Vernon Rosario * Harvard Gay and Lesbian Review *[A] perceptive, erudite and superbly-written book...Concentrating on late-nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Britain and France, Dreger analyses how defining and 'managing' hermaphroditism were crucial to the destabilization as well as a simultaneous--and only seemingly paradoxical--reinforcement of the sexual division of humanity into male and female. In a surprisingly well-integrated epilogue of the book, she establishes that present-day treatment of hermaphrodites in America, in spite of phenomenal advancements in surgical technologies and theoretical understanding of sexual physiology, continues to be guided by ideas about the nature and meaning of sex that would not have seemed unfamiliar to fin-de-siècle doctors. -- Chandak Sengoopta * Medical History *In her compelling, highly engaging and carefully researched book, Dreger charts the individual stories of many hermaphrodites--often with accompanying photographs...[It is] vital reading for feminists in that [it] offers detailed illustrations of scientific and medical complicity with social norms of 'sex' and 'gender', and raises important questions about how cultures enforce ideas about 'normal' bodily conditions and behaviours. -- Celia Kitzinger * Feminism & Psychology *Dregerhas produced a well-written, lucid and sensitive account of the medical treatment of hermaphrodites from the latter half of the nineteenth century through to the present day...Dreger's description of the way modern doctors persist in assuming that they, and not the individual concerned or society, have the right to define an individual's sex are particularly illuminating. This book will be immensely interesting to historians working in this area and anyone concerned with intersexuality. -- Helen Blackman * Social History of Medicine *In her book, Alice Dreger sets out to convince the reader that the history of hermaphrodites, or people of ambiguous sex, is an important and interesting topic, and she more than accomplishes her goal. Not only does she deliver, but she does so with grace, ease, and compassion. This is a marvelous book, an unexpected surprise which is as readable and engaging as it is informative...Within pages of opening the book, I was enthralled. -- H. Hughes Evans * Journal of the History of Medicine *Traces the history of the biomedical treatment of hermaphrodites during what Dreger calls the "Age of Gonads."...She offers the reader a complex and lucid account of the process by which hermaphrodites moved from a public space (some as performers in traveling circuses and shows) to a private space where all hermaphrodite identities became increasingly shaped and defined by physicians who gained in power and prestige by intervening in the lives of these individuals...Dreger makes a convincing argument for a new approach to individuals born with ambiguous genitalia. -- Heather Harris * Journal of the History of Biology *Dreger has identified an important and suggestive topic, not only in the history of medicine, but for cultural history more generally. Hermaphrodites were, after all, only among the most striking members of the parade of anomalies that engaged the attention of both specialists and the general public at the turn of the century. Any liminal creature was apt to trigger anxieties about the defense of social as well as natural boundaries, and any breach of the barriers that divided the sexes was particularly unnerving. -- Harriet Ritvo, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyThe casual browser who picks up this book and thinks that hermaphrodism has nothing to do with her or him is mistaken. Dreger illuminates the process by which medicine appropriated to itself the authority first to interpret and then to 'fix' sex difference. This is a specific example of a widespread but largely invisible phenomenon, in which cultural agendas are disguised as scientific authority. The medical abuse of individuals born with atypical sex anatomy in fact serves everyone who holds the unscientific belief that the world is divided neatly into two clearly distinguished sexes. Dregerhas written a book that should interest not only medical historians, professionals concerned with intersexuality, and intersexuals themselves, but everyone who thinks she knows her sex. -- Cheryl Chase, Director Intersex Society of North AmericaIn Hermaphrodites and the Medical Invention of Sex, Alice Dreger illuminates life stories that had been recast, subsumed, and ultimately 'disappeared' by the medical profession...Dreger's book is clearly written and easy to read. Fascinating, entertaining, disturbing, and thought-provoking all at once, it makes one ask, 'what is the difference between a male and a female?' and even more unsettling, 'why does it matter so much in our society.' * Synapse: University of California San Francisco Weekly *This fascinating book consists of numerous case studies on hermaphrodites (intersexes) and their abusive treatment by the medical and scientific community during the late 19th century and early 20th centuries in Britain and France... Dreger believes that by studying the cultural history and climate that prevailed relating to intersexuality at the turn of the last century, we may be better able to understand the concept of gender, sex, and sexuality. There are interesting sections on famous hermaphrodites and hermaphrodites in love. -- H.S. Pitkow * Choice *This history is important to our understanding of how the categories of "male" and "female" have come to be understood in the medical community. This history is also relevant to the current questioning of modern intersex medicine…Overall, this book is well written and considers important influences of history on the treatment of hermaphrodites that have been previously ignored. -- Amy B Wisniewski, Ph.D. * The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease *In Hermaphrodites and the Medical Invention of Sex, Alice Domurat Dreger looks at the debates concerning intersexed peole which circulated in the medical communities of France and Britain in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In so doing, Dreger has also offered insight into our own fin-de-siècle quandaries about the limits of usefulness of the concepts of sex and gender as categorizations of human beings...Overall, Hermaphrodites and the Medical Invention of Sex is an excellent book. -- Holly Devor * Journal of Sex Research *Table of Contents* Acknowledgments * Prologue: But My Good Woman, You Are a Man! * Doubtful Sex * Doubtful Status * In Search of the Veritable Vulva * Hermaphrodites in Love * The Age of Gonads * Epilogue: Categorical Imperatives * Notes * Index

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Book Synopsis

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