Dietetics and nutrition Books

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Book SynopsisNutrition Essentials: A Personal Approach  has a consumer-oriented focus, providing practical tips for applying conceptssuch as ways to prepare foods to make them safer and healthier, and ways to become a savvy consumer of nutrition-related information. It also provides non-nutrition majors with the basic scientific principles of nutrition in a highly visual, engaging context. Table of Contents1 Food Is More Than Something to Eat2 Nutrition Information: Fact or Fiction?3 Making More Nutritious Choices4 How Food Becomes You5 Carbohydrates: Fuel and Fiber6 Lipids: Focusing on Fats and Cholesterol7 Proteins: Life’s Building Blocks8 Vitamins: Nutrients That Multitask9 Key Minerals, Water, and the Nonnutrient Alcohol10 Nutrition for a Healthy Weight and Fit Body11 Nutrition for Your Life, Environment, and World

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Book SynopsisWardlaw''s Contemporary Nutrition is a complete and balanced resource for nutrition information written at a level non-science majors can understand. Current research is at the core of every update including revised statistics, incorporation of new results of clinical trials, and updated recommendations. The text provides students who lack a strong science background with the ideal balance of reliable nutrition information and practical, consumer-oriented knowledge.

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Book SynopsisAn easy-to-use book with questions on clinical nutrition clearly posed and answers based on real-life studies, this is a ready reference for the busy healthcare professional. Clinical Nutrition in Practice opens with introductory chapters on the basis of healthy nutrition, malnutrition and nutritional assessment.Trade Review“This is an excellent clinical guide to nutrition that I recommend to all nurses, midwives, nursing and medical students and dieticians.” (Cancer Nursing Practice, 1 April 2012) "This is an excellent clinical guide to nutrition that I recommend to all nurses, midwives, nursing and medical students and dieticians." (Nursing Standard, 11 January 2012) Table of ContentsPreface vii 1 Principles of Healthy Nutrition 1Charilaos Dimosthenopoulos, Meropi Kontogianni and Evangelia Manglara 2 Nutritional Assessment 27Charilaos Dimosthenopoulos 3 Malnutrition 37Charilaos Dimosthenopoulos 4 Weight Management and Eating Disorders 45Nikolaos Katsilambros and Charilaos Dimosthenopoulos 5 Diabetes 61Nikolaos Katsilambros and Charilaos Dimosthenopoulos 6 Hypertension and Cardiovascular Diseases 79Meropi Kontogianni 7 Gastrointestinal Diseases 93Meropi Kontogianni 8 Renal Disease 127Kalliopi-Anna Poulia 9 Pulmonary Diseases 139Charilaos Dimosthenopoulos, Meropi Kontogianni and Kalliopi-Anna Poulia 10 Life Expectancy 143Evangelia Manglara 11 HIV/AIDS 147Kalliopi-Anna Poulia 12 Metabolic Stress 155Charilaos Dimosthenopoulos 13 Neoplastic Diseases 163Meropi Kontogianni 14 Rheumatic Diseases 171Meropi Kontogianni 15 Nutrition and Anaemias 181Kalliopi-Anna Poulia 16 Neurological and Mental Disorders 187Kalliopi-Anna Poulia 17 Enteral Nutrition 197Kalliopi-Anna Poulia 18 Parenteral Nutrition 205Kalliopi-Anna Poulia 19 Food Allergy 213Meropi Kontogianni Index 217

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Book SynopsisAre you suffering from Irritable Bowel Syndrome? Do you have episodes of wind, bloating, constipation and diarrhoea? If so, this probably means that your digestive system is not functioning properly and you need to find out why. Based on proven methods applied in her own practice, Hilda Glickman discusses the symptoms of IBS, shows you how to test at home for the possible causes and looks at how you can improve your overall health through simple changes to your diet. Written in a clear, accessible style, this book offers a five-step plan that will enable you to Find out and eliminate what should not be in your digestive tract Add in what should be in the digestive tractFacilitate the reintroduction of beneficial bacteriaHeal and strengthen your digestive tract Learn how you should eat in order to maintain a healthy digestionYour digestive system doesn''t exist on its own. If it is not functioning correc

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Book SynopsisPeanuts (Arachis hypogaea) are one of the most popular leguminous plants that originated in the Andean Cordilleras of South America, and they were spread all over the world in the Middle Ages. There are mainly four different cultivars of Virginia, Runner, Spanish, and Valencia. Peanuts contain lipids, protein, and carbohydrates as the major components as well as small amounts of pigment, aroma components, etc. In this book, Chapter One discusses the aroma active components in roasted peanuts. Chapter Two reviews the scientific research literature on the texture (both sensory and instrumental) of peanuts and peanut butter. Chapter Three thoroughly studies the biochemical properties of major peanut allergens. Chapter Four evaluates the quality and productivity of high oleic acid peanut cultivars. Chapter Five focuses on bioactive fatty acids and triacylglycerols found in cultivars and wild peanut species, underlying the importance of wild peanut species.

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Book SynopsisNon-communicable diseases are currently the leading cause of mortality in the world. It is noteworthy that many cases of these complex diseases can be prevented through the consumption of a healthy diet. The Mediterranean diet (MD) is frequently considered as the dietary elixir that is effective in reducing the risk of non-communicable diseases and in improving longevity. In Chapter One, the authors review studies that have revealed interactions between MD and specific genetic variants that effectively reduce the risk of complex diseases. In Chapter Two, the Mediterranean diet in relation to its role in the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease is discussed. Chapter Three focuses on the nutrient and phytochemical profile of the Mediterranean diet and its effectiveness in the prevention and management cancer with details on mechanisms of actions. Chapter Four profiles the chemical characteristics and nutritive value of seafood caught in the Ionian Sea that is of high commercial interest in Mediterranean countries. To conclude, Chapter Five discusses the relationship of several different Mediterranean dietary patterns to the incidence of metabolic, cardio-vascular (including stroke), and the most frequent cancers. Beside the expected importance of plant foods and the necessary moderation of animal foods, this comparison unravels the peculiar effect of specific foods, either beneficial foods such as whole grains and olive oil, or detrimental foods such as energy-dense and nutrient-poor foods.

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Book SynopsisCarbohydrate Metabolism: Theory and Practical Approach consists of original chapters and provides an updated and unique source of information for all those interested in the fundamentals of carbohydrate metabolism and its associated processes. Although the authors assume that most readers/students have at least introductory knowledge of carbohydrate metabolism, they have attempted to compile and edit the invited chapters written by experts in a way that even a stranger to this field could easily understand and comprehend. The book will be useful for B.Sc., M.Sc., PhDs (Biochemistry, Microbiology, Biotechnology, Botany, Zoology, Bioinformatics, etc), and medical students including MBBSs and MDs in search of a guide to help them through a vast field of knowledge. Moreover, the book is also very useful for students preparing for various competitive examinations such as CSIR, ICMR, DBT and ICAR JRF/NET.

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Book SynopsisThe use of herbal medicinal products and supplements has increased tremendously over the past three decades with not less than 80% of people worldwide relying on them for some part of primary healthcare. This past decade has obviously witnessed a tremendous surge in acceptance and public interest in natural therapies both in developing and developed countries, with these herbal remedies being available not only in drug stores, but now also in food stores and supermarkets. The use of herbal remedies has also been widely embraced in many developed countries with complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) now becoming mainstream in the UK and the rest of Europe, as well as in North America and Australia. In the developed countries, the most important among many other reasons for seeking herbal therapy is the belief that it will promote healthier living. Herbal medicines are, therefore, often viewed as a balanced and moderate approach to healing and individuals who use them as home remedies and over-the-counter drugs spend huge amount of money (in excess of billions of dollars) on herbal products. As the global use of herbal medicinal products continues to grow and many more new products are introduced into the market, public health issues, and concerns surrounding their safety are also increasingly recognized. Although some herbal medicines have promising potential and are widely used, many of them remain untested and their use also not monitored. This makes knowledge of their potential adverse effects very limited and identification of the safest and most effective therapies as well as the promotion of their rational use more difficult. It is also common knowledge that the safety of most herbal products is further compromised by lack of suitable quality controls, inadequate labeling, and the absence of appropriate patient information. It has become essential, therefore, to furnish the general public including healthcare professionals with adequate information to facilitate better understanding of the risks associated with the use of these products and to ensure that all medicines are safe and of suitable quality.

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Book SynopsisLegumes are an important source of proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber. Chickpea is one of the most consumed legumes in the world. It is an affordable food product for people who cannot get animal protein, giving them a nutritious substitute in their diet. As such, Handbook of Chickpeas: Nutritional Value, Health Benefits and Management discusses the current information regarding the nutritional value of chickpea. Following this, the authors highlight the nutritional value of domesticated Kabuli chickpeas used in different forms, as well as the impact of different factors which regulate the nutritional value. The authors then explore the nutritional value, health benefits, and uses of desi chickpeas in comparison to Kabuli chickpeas. Current information is presented regarding the amino acid profile and nutritional protein quality in raw and processed chickpea seeds and flours, the health or nutraceutical effects of chickpea protein isolates, hydrolysates or bioactive peptides and the generation of selenized proteins during sprouting and their antioxidant and anticancer potential. The demand for gluten-free products is increasing since the prevalence of gluten-related disorders is rising. As such, chickpea is studied in the context of replacing wheat/gluten in some types of gluten-free food to improve the quality of the gluten-free diet. Chickpea is also studied as a dairy-product substitute since it represents a good source of protein, iron, and fiber. Chickpeas are composed of interesting amounts of protein, fibers, iron, zinc, and others, arousing interest by vegetarians. Therefore, the use of chickpeas is studied as an important ingredient in a vegetarian diet to contribute to nutritional quality. The authors present the way in which legume proteins can be used to fortify some foods to increase nutritional value and balance amino acid content. The most important of these foods are bakery products. Current information related to starch digestion and glycemic index of raw/processed chickpea flours and starch isolates, undigested carbohydrates content in raw/processed chickpea and health effects of chickpea digestible and undigestible carbohydrates is also presented. Chickpea seeds are vulnerable, both in the field and in storage conditions to attack by several insect pests of economic importance, whereby infested grains lose their viability. Therefore, basic steps in order to control insects in warehouse or processing plants that must be followed are: monitoring for infestation detection, identification of the problem and insect control measures. Traditionally, preferred control options are carbamate and pyrethroid sprays as soon as the threshold has been reached, as insects grow rapidly and a few days delay in spraying can result in major crop damage and increased difficulty in control. The final study proposes that chickpea protease inhibitor concentrates exerted anti-genotoxic effects on LNCaP cells, supporting previous findings that Bowman-Birk inhibitors and protease inhibitors have a protective effect on oxidative damage. Chickpea may therefore play a role in prostate cancer prevention, however, further research is needed to fully understand the molecular mechanisms involved.

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Book SynopsisAllicin is the major active sulfur-containing moiety that is released when garlic cloves are crushed or damaged. Since its first recorded use in ancient times to ward off snakebites and by the physician Hippocrates to treat pneumonia and heal wounds, allicin has come a long way and its attributes now include antimicrobial and anti-insecticidal activities. Given the rapid appearance of resistant microbes and insects, allicin clearly has merit in these spheres, even more so as resistance does not appear following its usage. More recently allicin has been successfully used as a complementary treatment for chronic inflammatory diseases, which include type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease and even certain tumors. Having a "natural" medicine, which is associated with an absence of side effects, can only be beneficial in conditions requiring long-term usage and it is clear that allicin's potential as an individual or adjunct medicine needs to be evaluated. The gold standard for phase III human studies are double blind randomized placebo controlled trials and allicin's success in this area is just beginning to be realized. Allicin has great potential, and maximizing its bioavailability could be enhanced using computational chemistry methodology combined with the stabilization methods already used for other phytomedicines, such as curcumin. Given the attention it deserves, it is likely that allicin will provide much needed alternative management strategies for decreasing infection and disease over the next decade.Table of ContentsPreface; Acknowledgements; Allicin: History, Ethnobotany and Uses as Told Primarily by the Garlic Plant; Chemistry and Biochemistry of Allicin; General Biochemical Pathways of Inflammation and Allicin; Immune System Effects of Allicin; A Contemporary Overview of Allicin, an Ancient Antibiotic; Antifungal Activity of Allicin; Antiprotozoan and Anti-Helminthic Activity of Allicin; Virucidal Activity of Allicin; Insecticidal and Anti-Pest Activity of Allicin and the Evolutionary Origins of the Allicin Trait; Cardiovascular Disease and Allicin; Cartilage and Bone Protecting Effects of Allicin in Chronic Disease; Neuroprotective Effects of Allicin; Index.

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Book SynopsisMalnutrition refers to deficiencies, excesses, or imbalances in a person's intake of energy and/or nutrients. Child malnutrition, in all its forms, includes undernutrition, which includes wasting (low weight-for-height), stunting (low height-for-age) and underweight (low weight-for-age), micronutrient-related malnutrition (a lack of important vitamins and minerals) or micronutrient excess, overweight, obesity, and resulting diet-related non-communicable diseases. Malnutrition is one of the most important factors for improper physical and mental development of children. One in every five children in the developing world is malnourished, and poor nutrition is associated with half of all child deaths worldwide. The problem of low or excessive body weight concerns countries with different levels of socio-economic development. This is a medical, social, and economic issue. Every country in the world is affected by one or more forms of malnutrition. Combating malnutrition in all its forms is one of the greatest global health challenges. Infants, children and adolescents are at particular risk of malnutrition. In children, malnutrition has particularly significant health consequences during both early development and adulthood. Malnutrition endangers children's survival, health, growth and development, slows national progress towards the developmental goals and thus diminishes the strength and capacity of nation. Malnutrition in terms of undernutrition is substantially higher in rural than in urban areas and children from indigenous populations often have the poorest nutritional status. The developmental, economic, social, and medical impacts of the global burden of malnutrition are serious and lasting for all involved including individuals and their families, communities and countries. Poor nutrition during the early years of life can also have severe consequences for subsequent skeletal and immunological development. Studies have demonstrated that undernutrition is not caused by food insecurity alone. Other factors range from the length of the breastfeeding period and the availability of milk oligosaccharides, pathogen exposure, and enteric dysfunction marked by villus atrophy and loss of gut barrier function. Differences in the succession of microbial establishment and maturity might contribute to family discordances in nutritional status. Childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century. The problem is global and is steadily affecting many low- and middle-income countries, particularly in urban settings. Its prevalence has increased at an alarming rate. Globally, in 2016, the number of overweight children under the age of five is estimated to be over 41 million. Almost half of all overweight children under 5 lived in Asia. Overweight and obesity have been linked to adverse psychological and physical outcomes during childhood and continuing into adolescence and adulthood. The association between overweight and obesity with psychosocial problems (anxiety, depression and negative self-image), health problems (diabetes and cardiovascular events) and impaired social, educational and economic productivity has been well documented. Moreover, the negative impact of being underweight, overweight, or obese on the health and development of children and adolescents can also extend into adulthood, increasing the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases and disability. Overweight and obesity, as well as their related diseases, are largely preventable. Therefore prevention of childhood obesity is a high priority. The mechanism of development of obesity is not fully understood and it is believed to be a disorder with multiple causes. Environmental factors, lifestyle preferences, and cultural environment play pivotal roles in the rising prevalence of obesity worldwide. In general, overweight and obesity are assumed to be the result of an increase in caloric and fat intake. On the other hand, there are supporting evidence that excessive sugar intake by soft drink, increased portion size, and steady decline in physical activity have been playing major roles in the rising rates of obesity all around the world. Nutritional assessmentis the interpretation of anthropometric, biochemical, clinical and dietary data to determine whether a person or groups of people are well nourished or malnourished (over-nourished or under-nourished). Research can be aimed at identifying the various social, cultural, political, and economic factors of nutrition in order to fully understand the underlying causes of malnutrition. The social determinants of malnutrition can be explored through both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Furthermore, exploring the issues of food security, dietary diversity, and infant-feeding practices can provide a comprehensive understanding of a population's nutritional status.Table of ContentsForeword; Preface; Stature Signals Social Rather Than Nutritional Status; Association between Children's Nutritional Status and Socio-Demographic Factors: Gender Inequality; Polio Immunization and Malnutrition; A Study of Undernutrition among the Adolescent Ahom Children of Upper Assam; Fat-Free Mass and Fat Mass in Indian Infants: Relevance of the Thin-Fat Phenotype; Environmental and Genetic Factors Affecting Body Mass and Proportion among Individuals on the Progressive Stages of Ontogenesis in Poland (Central Europe); Childhood Obesity in Kolkata, India: Trends and Consequences; Social Economic Status is Associated with the Nutritional Status of Children in West Sumatra, Indonesia; Nutritional Status of Tribal Children under 5 Years of Age in Itda Paderu Division, Andhra Pradesh; Factors Affecting Thinness among Children of Purba Medinipur, West Bengal; Health Status of the Rural Children of Purulia, West Bengal, India; Malnutrition and Childhood Infections; About the Editors; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book brings together a range of contemporary research contributions of the malnutrition field. Written by leading international experts in the field of socioeconomic, demographic, clinical, and environmental and policy related malnutrition. This book explores the theme of the prevalence, risk factors and outcomes of malnutrition lifecycle and burden of the 21st century's world.Table of ContentsPreface; Geospatial Modeling: A Solution for Landslide Susceptibility Analysis; Landslides Susceptibility Assessment Using Frequency Ratio Method, Remote Sensing Datasets and GIS-Based Techniques; Landslide Susceptibility Assessment for the Monterrey Metropolitan Area, Northeastern Mexico; Countrywide Investigation of Rainfall-Induced Landslides during March-April 2019 in Iran: Occurrence, Impacts and Geological Characteristics; Index.

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Book SynopsisHealthy Food: Perspectives, Availability and Consumption first explores the pathological form of healthy eating, orthorexia nervosa. Although orthorexia nervosa cannot be found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association, important findings suggest that orthorexia nervosa should receive wider scientific and public attention. Additionally, the current literature regarding the effects of healthy foods and early feeding practices in childhood is explored in the context of the primordial prevention of non-communicable diseases and their risk factors. This compilation also examines carrot bagasse flour and banana peel flour for their potential to be employed as functional ingredients to improve the texture, color, and flavor of raw meat products, as chorizo, or cooked meat products, as sausages. Candelilla wax oleogel is investigated for its potential to replace pork back fat lard in cooked sausages, specifically focusing on its textural profile, moisture, color, and sensory acceptance. Results indicate that candelilla wax oleogel can be employed as a fat replacement, improving the health profile of certain meat products.Table of ContentsPreface; What We Know so Far about Orthorexia Nervosa: A Review; How Healthy Foods and Early Feeding Practices Can Be Effective in Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases; Functional Ingredients and Food Neophobia Towards Healthy Meat Products Enriched with Agroindustrial Coproducts Flours; Candelilla Wax as Oil Restructuring Agent as Fat Replacer to Formulate Healthy Cooked Sausages; Bibliography; Related Nova Publications; Index.

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Book SynopsisChildhood obesity has several early-onset adverse effects on all body organs and the metabolism. Moreover, as obesity tracks from childhood to adulthood, it can be an underlying factor for the development of chronic non-communicable diseases, which are the worldwide leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Such chronic diseases can result from lifelong accumulation of some risk factors, including obesity. Therefore, sustained interventions are necessary to tackle the onset or progression of childhood obesity. Childhood obesity is no more limited to high-income countries; it has a rapid growing trend in low and middle-come countries. In addition to genetic background, environmental disruptor chemicals and their epigenetic effects are of important underlying factors for the escalating trend of childhood obesity and the trans-generational aspects of obesity. It is noteworthy to consider the early life determinants of childhood obesity, including prenatal, perinatal and post-natal factors, are usually preventable. Dietary habits are formed in the first years of life; therefore it is of crucial importance to establish healthy habits from early life. Food industry, food environment, and social media are important factors influencing the food choices for families and their children. On the other hand, parents are the most important role models for lifestyle habits of their children. In addition to preventative measures, it is important to know how to manage excess weight in growing children, who need enough macro- and micronutrients for their growth, but need to have controlled food intake. Various family-based and school-based interventions are suggested in this regard. In addition to energy intake, it is essential to increase the energy expenditure by regular exercise. Most healthcare providers are not aware of appropriate physical activity for weight control in the pediatric age group. Sometimes the process of weight gain is not correctly prevented or controlled in children and adolescents, and they would suffer from morbid obesity necessitating surgical treatment. Limited evidence-based information is available about these aspects of childhood obesity. This book is written with collaboration of international experts with different scientific backgrounds, who contributed in gathering the updates and findings from their experience on how to deal with the complex factors related to childhood obesity. The main focus of this book is on providing updated information on all above-mentioned aspects related to childhood obesity. It is expected that researchers, health care providers, physicians, health decision makers, and families would find this book as a beneficial tool for implementing widespread measures for prevention and control of childhood obesity.Table of ContentsPreface; Childhood Obesity in Lower and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs); Epigenetics and Childhood Obesity; Food Environment and Childhood Overweight and Obesity; The Association of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Childhood Obesity; Family-Related Risk Factors of Childhood Obesity; Simple Interactive Tools Supporting the Diagnosis of Obesity, Hypertension and Low Physical Fitness in Children and Adolescents; Sleep Patterns and Sedentary Behaviors: Is the Association with Obesity Already Evident in Childhood?; Parental Factors Associated with Childhood Obesity; Cardiovascular System in Childhood Obesity; Associations of Overweight/Obesity and Cardio Metabolic Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents Participating in the PEP Family Heart Study; Metabolically Healthy Obesity in the Childhood: A Pattern or a Transient State?; Protecting Children from Unfavorable Food Marketing; Actions to Promote the Intake of Healthy Foods by Children; Lifestyle Modifications and Dietary Approaches to Prevent Obesity Hypertension among Children and Adolescents; Appropriate Physical Activities for Controlling Childhood Obesity; An Overview of Interventions for Controlling Obesity in Pre-School Children; Effect of School Programs for Healthy Eating and Active Living to Prevent Childhood Obesity; Surgery to Treat Obesity in Children and Adolescents; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book first assesses the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and summarizes published randomized controlled studies concerning the supplementation of vitamin D in pregnant women, reporting on the maternal and neonatal outcomes in Asia-Pacific, the United States, Europe, Africa, and the rest of world. The functions of vitamin K and D are discussed, along with the links between the two vitamins, providing insight on the underlying mechanisms responsible for their role in osteosarcoma and identify future perspectives. The closing study highlights the vitamin K-dependent biological pathways which are associated with the prevention and treatment of bone metabolism disorders.

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Book SynopsisDuring the past decades, intensive collaborative research in the fields of chronic and acute inflammatory disorders has resulted in a better understanding of the pathophysiology and diagnosis of these diseases. Modern therapeutic approaches remain unsatisfactory and shock, sepsis and multiple organ failure (MOF) are still a great challenge in intensive care medicine. Furthermore, treatment of inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis or psoriasis represents an unresolved problem as well. Many factors contribute to the complex course of inflammatory reactions. Microbiological, immunological and toxic agents are able to initiate the inflammatory response by activating a variety of humoural and cellular mediators. In the early phase of inflammation interleukins and lipid-mediators are excessively released and play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of organ dysfunction. Cellular lipid membranes represent a dynamic high turnover barrier system, which separate the intracellular from the extracellular space and easily adapt to respective demands. In addition to this barrier function membrane lipids (arachidonic acid) can be oxygenized to biologically active lipid mediators (eicosanoids). These function as "local mediators" which can quickly reach considerable concentrations and, due to their short half life, act in intercellular microenvironments.Two omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 FA) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are mainly found in maritime sources, as opposed to omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids found in terrestrial sources (the typical western diet). Contemporary nutritional habits, emphasising industrially produced vegetable oils and animal fats, have disturbed this balance, resulting in a proportional decrease of omega-3 FA. This book presents an update of the pathophysiological impact of lipid mediators in inflammatory disorders and summarises the recent development of therapeutic approaches.

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Book SynopsisThis book is excerpted from ''The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (Dietary Guidelines)'' and augmented with a full index and a list of questions and answers related to guidelines for diet. It contains science-based advice to promote health and to reduce risk for major chronic diseases through diet and physical activity. Major causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States are related to poor diet and a sedentary lifestyle. Some specific diseases linked to poor diet and physical inactivity include cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, osteoporosis, and certain cancers. Furthermore, poor diet and physical inactivity, resulting in an energy imbalance (more calories consumed than expended), are the most important factors contributing to the increase in overweight and obesity.

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Book SynopsisCarbohydrates are present in food comprising of digestible sugars and starches and indigestible cellulose and other dietary fibres. The former are the major source of energy. The sugars are in beet and cane sugar, fruits, honey, sweet corn, corn syrup, milk and milk products, etc.; the starches are in cereal grains, legumes, tubers, etc. In patients with hepatic forms of porphyria, a person should consume at least 350 mg of carbohydrate per day, or the carbohydrates should make up 60-65% of the daily consumption. This book examines and presents new research of the complexity, effects and nutritional aspects of dietary carbohydrates.

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Book SynopsisVitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin that exists in eight different forms. Each form has its own biological activity, which is the measure of potency or functional use in the body. Alpha-tocopherol (-tocopherol) is the name of the most active form of vitamin E in humans. It is also a powerful biological antioxidant. Vitamin E in supplements is usually sold as alpha-tocopheryl acetate, a form that protects its ability to function as an antioxidant. The synthetic form is labelled "D, L" while the natural form is labelled "D". The synthetic form is only half as active as the natural form. Antioxidants such as vitamin E act to protect the cells against the effects of free radicals, which are potentially damaging by-products of energy metabolism. Free radicals can damage cells and may contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Studies are underway to determine whether vitamin E, through its ability to limit production of free radicals, might help prevent or delay the development of those chronic diseases. Vitamin E has also been shown to play a role in immune function, in DNA repair and other metabolic processes. This new book presents leading research on this important topic.

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Book SynopsisChildren become overweight for a variety of reasons. The most common causes are genetic factors, lack of physical activity, unhealthy eating patterns, or a combination of these factors. In rare cases, a medical problem, such as an endocrine disorder, may cause a child to become overweight. This book presents ongoing and new research on a public health problem in virtually all developed countries.

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Book SynopsisIn biological systems, the normal processes of oxidation (plus a minor contribution from ionising radiation) produce highly reactive free radicals. These can readily react with and damage other molecules. In some cases the body uses free radicals to destroy foreign or unwanted objects, such as in an infection. However, in the wrong place, the body''s own cells may become damaged. Should the damage occur to DNA, the result could be cancer. Antioxidants decrease the damage done to cells by reducing oxidants before they can damage the cell. Virtually all studies of mammals have concluded that a restricted calorie diet extends the lifespan of mammals by as much as 100%. This remarkable finding suggests that food is actually more damaging than smoking. As food produces free radicals (oxidants) when metabolised, antioxidant-rich diets are thought to stave off the effects of ageing significantly better than diets lacking in antioxidants. The reduced levels of free radicals, resulting from a reduction in their production by metabolism, is thought to be a major cause of the success of caloric restriction in increasing life span. Antioxidants consist of a group of vitamins including vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium and carotenoids (such as beta-carotene, lycopene, and lutein). This new book brings together the latest research in this dynamic field.

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Book SynopsisThe taking in and use of food and other nourishing material by the body. Nutrition is a 3-part process. First, food or drink is consumed. Second, the body breaks down the food or drink into nutrients. Third, the nutrients travel through the bloodstream to different parts of the body where they are used as "fuel" and for many other purposes. To give the body proper nutrition, a person has to eat and drink enough of the foods that contain key nutrients. This book examines new and important research in this field.

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Book SynopsisNutrition research has moved from a field often associated with personal preferances in what food we consume to a field closely connected with medicine and health in ways never before considered. In fact, nutrition may be the least understood yet most crucial field of biology and medicine. Diet therapy deals with actions designed to counter or prevent disease. This book presents important new research in the field.

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Book SynopsisThe ageing process changes body composition and thus nutritional status changes as one gets older. At the same time the body becomes more susceptible to diseases and diet becomes an even more significant or at least visibly significant than in earlier years. Moreover, there is frequently socio-economic downward drifting in this age group making nutritious foods more difficult to afford. This book presents recent research from around the world.

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Book SynopsisFood and health is an area that has seen a huge growth in research and education. This book provides a thorough overview of the latest scientific findings against a wide range of bio-medical backgrounds, who present, in review form, the most recent clinical developments and research results in the field. This book has direct relevance to academics involved in training and research in this field such as physicians, nurses and dieticians.

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Book SynopsisAlthough there is no official definition of functional foods, it is generally considered that they are a group of foods which provide physiological benefits beyond those traditionally expected from food. Milk proteins have a great potential use as functional foods. Healthy foods, nutraceuticals and food for specified human use, are one of the fields in constant growth in the food industry, as well as an emerging field of medical interest. Many mainstream health and nutrition organisations world-wide recommend daily consumption of dairy products for optimal health. Nevertheless, the last decade or so has seen an increase in the number and variety of claims made against the inclusion of milk and/or its products in the diet. A single supplement cannot address all such matters, but the purpose of this book is to address in a scientific and objective manner the validity of some of these concerns. This book presents the views of some of the world''s top nutrition scientists on this food that has served mankind for over 10,000 years. Milk is not a one-nutrient food, nor is its impact restricted to one condition such as osteoporosis. Its many bioactive components are only just beginning to be defined and explained. This new important book presents the latest research from around the world in this field.

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Book SynopsisGarlic (Allium sativum L.) is the edible bulb from a plant of the Allium genus, commonly used for flavouring in cooking and for its beneficial effects for human health. Despite the numerous therapeutic effects attributed to garlic, the chemistry behind its health-promoting effects is still poorly understood. This book attempts to address this problem, as well as the effects of garlic on cardiovascular diseases and the side effects that may develop from the consumption of garlic. This book also briefly overviews the occurrence and chemistry of garlic constituents, and reviews the latest evidence in accordance with anticancer properties of garlic and/or garlic constituents, with special emphasise on the mechanism of action behind their chemoprevention effects. Furthermore, the research advances on the chemistry and pharmacology of garlic and the potential and molecular mechanism of garlic mediated attenuation of heavy metal toxicity are discussed. Other chapters in this book explore the relationship between garlic consumption and prostate cancer, among other diseases and the effects of gamma rays on storage leaf of garlic bulbs in terms of phase properties of microsomal membranes and their lipid and fatty acid composition.

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Book SynopsisFDA has taken some steps to identify and act upon safety concerns related to dietary supplements; however, several factors limit the agency''s ability to detect concerns and remove products from the market. For example, FDA has limited information on the number and location of dietary supplement firms, the types of products currently available in the marketplace, and information about moderate and mild adverse events reported to industry. Additionally, FDA dedicates relatively few resources to oversight activities, such as providing guidance to industry regarding notification requirements for products containing new dietary ingredients. This book highlights the limited steps taken by the FDA to educate consumers about dietary supplements and their risks. This book consists of public documents which have been located, gathered, combined, reformatted, and enhanced with a subject index, selectively edited and bound to provide easy access.

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Book SynopsisFruits are an excellent source of essential vitamins, minerals, and dietary fibre in the human diet. They are also a rich source of secondary metabolites that are proving to play an important role in the protection against numerous chronic diseases. These substances are almost ubiquitous in plant-derived foods and inherently have more subtle effects than nutrients. This book explores the different processing methods used in the food industry, which may modify their contents, structure, and biological activity in humans. In addition, the relationships between dietary fibres and gut motility are explored since dietary fibres carry out many physiological functions in the gastrointestinal tract aimed at health preservation. This book also summarises recent progressions on the use of in vitro models to study health effects of dietary fibres and other nutrients using in vitro colon cell models. In addition, epidemiological studies evidence that plant-based food play a crucial role in the prevention of diseases. The authors highlight the potential of tropical and temperate fruits as sources of dietary fibre with associated antioxidant compounds. Other chapters in this book examine the fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity levels and body mass index among teenagers, explore new dietary strategies to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) and discuss the potential of using alternative dietary assessment methods for researches of dietary fibre colorectal cancer.

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Book SynopsisThis book examines the effects on health of the consumption of what might be termed three extremely widely-consumed anti-nutrition foods: chocolate, fast food and sweeteners. These and similar anti-nutrition foods are low cost in price but high cost in health damage. They are marketed without mercy, consumed with gusto, and help hospital and doctor billing.

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Book SynopsisA balanced and healthy diet is prerequisite for a good health and well-being. However, dietary natural or introduced components can contribute in high extent to the development of certain diseases, such as in the case of carcinogenesis and cardiovascular illness, or may postpone or counteract their development in individuals'' with high genetic susceptibility. To humans, a balanced diet represents the source of energy, building and functional elements, as well as a pleasure. On the other hand under certain circumstances of diets can include acute or chronic poisoning and provoke numerous adverse reactions ranging from mild discomfort to death. This book presents scientific facts and evidences that will help the readership to create its own picture and attitude about nutrition, since the essence of the food safety can not be discussed excluding the individually coloured philosophical approach.

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Book SynopsisModern societies appear to consume large amounts of convenience and fast food, and its growing popularity is clear. While the consumption of fresh foods has tended to decrease, fast foods are widely consumed as a regular of the habitual diet regularly, especially by older people who live alone, children and adolescents. This book discusses the consumption patterns of fast foods, as well as the role of globalisation and the health effects of fast food.

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Book SynopsisLimited access to nutritious food and relatively easier access to less nutritious food may be linked to poor diets and, ultimately, to obesity and diet-related diseases. Congress directed the USDA to conduct a one-year study to assess the extent of the problem of limited access, identify characteristics and causes, consider the effects of limited access on local populations, and outline recommendations to address the problem. This new book includes a national-level assessment of access to supermarkets and large grocery stores, analysis of the economic and public health effects of limited access, and a discussion of existing policy interventions.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents current research in the study of nutritional and physical education. Topics discussed include nutritional education in the workplace; physical activity and obesity; nutritional game design by kids for kids; providing nutritional education to community-dwelling older persons, maternal nutritional education before and during pregnancy and a discussion of the link between the endocrine system and obesity.

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