Developmental biology Books

Book SynopsisTrade Review“Not only a very engaging book, but one that provokes thought. . . . Fuentes . . . offers what is, to my knowledge, the first comprehensive etiological view of the origins and evolution of belief as an essential component of the human niche.”—Luis Oviedo, ESSSAT News & ReviewsAwarded the Popular Book Award sponsored by the International Society for Science and Religion“A wholly impressive look at how our capacity for belief evolved, with fresh insights, especially about early Homo sapiens. I found Fuentes’ case studies on religion, economics, and love fascinating.”—Barbara J. King, author of Evolving God“We are the believing species. Much of what we are and what we do is driven by belief of one kind or another. Agustin Fuentes, a gifted writer and teacher, helps us understand both the power and role of belief in this brilliant book. Why We Believe is an exciting intellectual tour through culture, neurobiology, prehistory, religion, economies, love, war, and more. Read it to better know yourself and your species.”—Guy P. Harrison, author of At Least Know This: Essential Science to Enhance Your Life and Think: Why You Should Question Everything

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Book SynopsisThis monograph presents a general mathematical theory for biological growth. The author herein presents the first major technical monograph on the problem of growth since D’Arcy Wentworth Thompson’s 1917 book On Growth and Form.The emphasis of the book is on the proper mathematical formulation of growth kinematics and mechanics.Trade Review“Goriely’s book is self-contained and provides sufficient review of the background material necessary to understand the mathematics employed in the study of phenomena he describes. … Overall, the text is well written, richly illustrated, and enjoyable to read, although the monograph is lengthy. I applaud Prof. Goriely on his impressive text.” (Bhargav Karamched, SIAM Review, Vol. 61 (1), March, 2019)“The book grasps the conceptual and technical aspects underpinning the role of mechanics in the growth of biological tissues. It is the first major modern monograph on the subject, which synthesizes the research activity in this vivid field of the mathematics and mechanics of growth since now more than two decades. … The monograph is overall well-structured and rich in illustrations and will be accessible and appealing to readers with different interest and background, including life scientists … .” (Jean-François Ganghoffer, Journal of Geometry and Symmetry in Physics JGSP, Vol. 49, 2018)“The book is very informative, it is written in an easy readable and intriguing way. It has a large reference list of 1369 bibliographic descriptions and a carefully prepared index. The book should be helpful for researchers who work in the multidisciplinary fields of theoretical biology, biomechanics, biomedical engineering, biophysics and applied mathematics.” (Svetoslav Markov, zbMATH 1398.92003, 2018)Table of ContentsBasic aspects of growth.- Mechanics and growth.- Discrete computational models.- Growing on a line.- Elastic rods.- Morphoelastic rods.- Accretive growth.- Membranes and shells.- Growing membranes.- Morphoelastic plates.- Nonlinear elasticity.- The kinematics of growth.- Balance laws.- Evolution laws and stability.- Growing spheres.- Growing cylinders.- Ten challenges.- References.- Index.

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Book SynopsisNature employs a wide variety of sex determining mechanisms and it is only comparatively recently that the tools have become available for these to be explored at the cellular and molecular levels.Trade Review"...The papers presented are of uniform high quality and this book is essential reading for any serious student of sex determination..." (Human Genetics, October 2002)Table of ContentsChair's Introduction (R. Short). Sex-determining genes in mice: building pathways (R. Lovell-Badge, et al.). Early gonadal development: exploring Wtl and Sox9 function (J. Guo, et al.). General Discussion I: The mechanism of action of SRY. Anomalies of human sexual development: clinical aspects and genetic analysis (E. Vilain). The molecular action of testis-determining factors SRY and SOX 9 (V. Harley). Concerted regulation of gonad differentiation by transcription factors and growth factors (T. Suzuki, et al.). General Discussion II. Evolution of the testis-determining gene - the rise and fall of SRY (Marshall Graves). A Comparative Analysis of vertebrate Sex Determination (A. Sinclair, et al.). Invertebrates may not be so different after all (D. Zarkower). The hormonal control of sexual development (M. Renfree, et al.). Genetic studies of MIS signalling in sexual development (S. Jamin, et al.) Social regulation of the brain: sex, size and status (R. Fernald). The battle of the sexes: opposing pathways in sex determination (H. Hung-Chang Yao, et al). General Discussion III: True Hermaphroditism and the Formation of the Ovotestis. The evolution of chromosomal sex determination (B. Charlesworth). The molecular genetic jigsaw puzzle of vertebrate sex determination and its missing pieces (G. Scherer). Expression-based strategies for discover of genes involved in testis and ovary development (P. Koopman, et al.). Final General Discussion. Index of Contributors. Subject Index.

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Book SynopsisAs the lifespan of humans increases, research into aging and its related pathological conditions is gaining momentum. This book is the first to explain protein oxidation and the aging process, focusing on the connection between protein disturbances and the oxidative stress that cells continually undergo.Trade Review“With its discussion of current concepts linked to protein oxidation and its impact on aging and the pathology of certain age-related diseases, this book is an important contribution to the field. Students, researchers, scientists, and even clinicians will benefit from it.” (Doody’s, 10 January 2013) “The format and compartmentalised writing style make this an excellent compendium of knowledge for any researcher interested in assessing our state of knowledge of protein oxidation and ageing. It is easy to find out about the current state of knowledge about a specific reaction, product, method, and/or disease and follow this up by accessing the extensive list of references.” (Chemistry & Industry, 1 July 2013)Table of ContentsIntroduction to the Wiley Series on Protein and Peptide Science xi Preface xiii 1 Oxidative Stress and Protein Oxidation 1 1.1 The Large Variety of Protein Oxidation Products, 7 1.1.1 Primary Protein Oxidation Products, 7 1.1.1.1 Carbon-Centered Radicals, 9 1.1.1.2 Thiyl Radicals, 13 1.1.1.3 Aromatic Ring-Derived Radicals, 13 1.1.1.4 Transfer between Sites, 16 1.1.2 Reactive Compounds Mediating in Protein Oxidation, 18 1.1.2.1 Hydroxyl Radical, 20 1.1.2.2 Superoxide Radicals, 21 1.1.2.3 Hydrogen Peroxide, 24 1.1.2.4 Lipid Peroxyl Radicals, 24 1.1.2.5 Alkoxyl Radicals, 24 1.1.2.6 •NO and Peroxynitrite, 25 1.1.2.7 Hypochlorous Acid, 30 1.1.3 Enzymatic Systems Playing a Role in Protein Oxidation, 31 1.1.3.1 NADPH Oxidase, 32 1.1.3.2 Lipoxygenases, 35 1.1.3.3 Protein Kinases, 35 1.1.3.4 Mixed-Function Oxidases, 36 1.1.3.5 Nitric Oxide Synthetase (NOS), 38 1.1.3.6 Myeloperoxidase, 41 1.1.3.7 Cyclooxygenase, 42 1.1.4 Protein Oxidation in Cells and Cellular Structures, 43 1.1.4.1 Protein Oxidation in Blood and Blood Cells, 43 1.1.4.2 Protein Oxidation of Glycolytic Enzymes and Mitochondria, 46 1.1.4.2.1 Glycolytic Enzymes, 48 1.1.4.2.2 Aconitase, 49 1.1.4.2.3 Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase-1, 49 1.1.4.3 Cytochrome P450 Enzymes, 49 1.1.4.4 Protein Oxidation in the Nucleus and Chromatin, 50 1.1.4.4.1 Histone Modifi cation, 50 1.1.4.5 Protein Oxidation in the Endoplasmic Reticulum, 52 1.1.4.6 Protein Oxidation in Peroxisomes, 54 1.2 Reversible Oxidative Modifi cations, 55 1.2.1 Methionine Sulfoxides and Methionine Modifi cations, 55 1.2.2 Cysteine Modifi cations and Disulfi de Bond Formation, 61 1.2.3 Surface Hydrophobicity Modifi cations, 64 1.3 Irreversible Oxidation Products, 64 1.3.1 Protein Oxidation and Enzymatic Posttranslational Modifications, 65 1.3.2 Deamidation and Transamination, 66 1.3.3 Protein Glycation and AGEs, 67 1.3.3.1 Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE), 75 1.3.3.2 Nε-Carboxymethyllysine and Nε-Carboxyethyllysine, 76 1.3.3.3 Pentosidine, 76 1.3.4 Racemization, 77 1.3.5 Nitrosylation, 77 1.3.6 Tyrosyl Radicals and Nitrotyrosines, 78 1.3.6.1 Dityrosines, 79 1.3.7 Protein Carbonyls, 80 1.3.8 Aldehyde–Protein Reactions, 81 1.3.8.1 MDA-Protein Adducts, 82 1.3.8.2 4-Hydroxy-2,3-Nonenal-Protein Adducts, 82 1.3.9 Cross-Linking of Proteins, 82 1.4 The Oxidation of Extracellular Matrix, Membrane and Cytoskeletal Proteins, 83 1.4.1 Collagen, 84 1.4.2 Elastin, 95 1.4.3 The Oxidation of Membrane Proteins, 97 1.4.4 Band 3, 97 1.4.5 Actin, 99 1.5 Mechanism and Factors Influencing the Formation of Protein Oxidation Products, 100 1.5.1 Redox Status, 101 1.5.2 Protein Turnover, 106 1.5.3 Metal-Catalyzed Oxidation (MCO), 107 1.5.4 Heat Shock Proteins, 109 1.6 Protein Aggregates: Formation and Specific Metabolic Effects, 111 1.6.1 Accumulation of Oxidized Proteins, 113 1.6.2 Lipofuscin and Ceroid, 115 1.7 Methods to Measure Protein Oxidation Products in Research Laboratories, 119 1.7.1 Determination of Methionine Sulfoxide Reduction and Methionine Oxidation, 120 1.7.2 Determination of Protein Glycation and Adducts, 121 1.7.3 Analysis of Isoaspartate Formation, 122 1.7.4 Measurement of Fragmentation, 122 1.7.5 Measurement of Tyrosine Oxidation, 123 1.7.6 Protein Carbonyl Measurement, 124 1.7.7 Radioactive Labeling Protocols for Proteolysis and Aggregation Measurements, 128 1.7.8 Standard Chromatographic Methods for the Measurement of Protein Modifi cations, 132 1.7.9 Liquid Chromatography Techniques Supported by Mass Spectrometry, 133 1.7.10 GC/MS, 134 1.7.11 Analysis of Protein-Bound 3-Nitrotyrosine by a Competitive ELISA Method, 134 1.7.12 Protein Oxidation Products as Biomarkers in Clinical Science, 135 References, 139 2 Removal of Oxidized Proteins 215 2.1 The Limited Repair of Some Oxidized Proteins, 216 2.1.1 Thiol Repair, 216 2.1.2 Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases, 219 2.2 Proteolysis, 221 2.2.1 The Proteasomal System and Its Role in the Degradation of Oxidized Proteins, 222 2.2.1.1 The Ubiquitin–Proteasome System (UPS), 222 2.2.1.2 The Components of the UPS, 222 2.2.1.2.1 The 20S Proteasome, 222 2.2.1.2.2 The Inducible Forms of the Proteasome and Their Function, 227 2.2.1.2.3 The 11S Regulator, 231 2.2.1.2.4 The 19S Regulator and the UPS, 233 2.2.1.2.5 The PA200 Regulator Protein, 238 2.2.1.2.6 Cellular Proteasome Inhibitors, 239 2.2.1.3 Low-Molecular-Weight Proteasome Inhibitors, 239 2.2.1.4 Cellular Function of the UPS, 241 2.2.1.5 The Degradation of Oxidized Proteins: A Function of the 20S Proteasome, 243 2.2.1.5.1 Early Studies on the Turnover of Oxidized Proteins, 244 2.2.1.5.2 In Vitro Studies and the Recognition of Oxidized Proteins by the Proteasome, 244 2.2.1.5.3 Cellular and In Vivo Studies of the Degradation of Oxidized Proteins, 248 2.2.1.5.4 The Inhibition of the Proteasome by Cross-Linked Oxidized Proteins and Proteasomal Regulation during Oxidative Stress, 251 2.3 The Role of Other Proteases in the Fate of Oxidized Proteins, 254 2.3.1 Lysosomal Degradation of Oxidized Proteins and the Role of Autophagy, 254 2.3.2 Mitochondrial Degradation of Oxidized Proteins and the Lon Protease, 256 2.3.3 The Uptake of Extracellular Oxidized Proteins and the Role of the Proteasome in Their Degradation, 258 2.3.4 Calpains and the Degradation of Oxidized Proteins, 259 2.4 Role of Heat Shock Proteins in Protein Degradation, 260 2.5 Conclusion, 262 References, 262 3 Protein Oxidation and Aging: Different Model Systems and Affecting Factors 295 3.1 Protein Oxidation during Aging: Lower Organisms and Cellular Model Systems, 297 3.1.1 Yeast, 297 3.1.1.1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 297 3.1.1.2 Schizosaccharomyces pombe, 301 3.1.2 Podospora anserina, 301 3.1.3 Bacteria, 302 3.1.3.1 Escherichia coli, 302 3.1.4 Cell Cultures, 304 3.2 Nonmammalian Model Systems and the Accumulation of Oxidized Proteins during Aging, 308 3.2.1 Caenorhabditis elegans, 308 3.2.2 Drosophila melanogaster, 310 3.2.3 Aquatic Systems, 313 3.2.4 Plants, 315 3.2.5 Amphibians, 317 3.3 Age-Related Protein Oxidation in Humans and Mammals, 317 3.3.1 Humans, 317 3.3.2 Animals, 319 3.3.2.1 Rabbits, 323 3.3.2.2 Mice, 324 3.3.2.3 Rats, 327 3.3.2.4 Gerbils, 329 3.3.2.5 Primates, 330 3.4 Inherited Factors Influencing Protein Oxidation during Aging, 331 3.4.1 Genetic Instability, Mutations, and Polymorphism, 331 3.4.2 Gender, 333 3.4.3 Vitagenes, 334 3.4.4 Signal Transduction and Transcription Factors, 335 3.4.5 Ion Channels, 340 3.5 Age-Related Protein Aggregate Formation in Model Systems, 341 3.6 Environmental Factors Affecting Healthy Aging, 342 3.6.1 UV-Induced Skin Photoaging and Skin Aging, 344 3.6.2 Pesticides, 348 3.6.3 Exercise, 349 3.6.4 Dietary Factors and Prevention Strategies, 351 3.6.4.1 Melatonin, 353 3.6.4.2 Growth Hormone, 354 3.6.4.3 Biotrace Metal Elements: Zinc, 356 3.6.4.4 Ascorbic Acid, 357 3.6.4.5 Vitamin E, 360 3.6.4.6 Carnitine and Acetyl-L-Carnitine, 361 3.6.4.7 Homocysteine, 362 3.6.4.8 Ubiquinone, Coenzyme Q10, 363 3.6.4.9 Carnosine, 363 3.6.4.10 Lipoic Acid, 364 3.6.4.11 N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine, 365 3.6.5 Pharmacological Response and Biotransformation in Aging, 365 3.6.5.1 Plant Extracts, 366 3.6.5.2 Polyphenols and Flavonoids, 366 3.6.5.3 Resveratrol, 367 3.6.5.4 AGE and ALE Inhibitors, 368 3.6.6 Caloric Restriction, 369 3.7 Repair and Degradation of Oxidized Proteins during Aging, 370 References, 372 4 Protein Oxidation in Some Age-Related Diseases 417 4.1 Protein Oxidation during Neurodegeneration and Neurological Diseases, 417 4.1.1 Brain Aging, 418 4.1.2 Alzheimer’s Disease, 420 4.1.3 Parkinson’s Disease, 424 4.1.4 Huntington’s Disease, 425 4.1.5 Stroke, 427 4.1.6 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, 427 4.2 Protein Oxidation in Cardiac Diseases, 429 4.2.1 Ischemia–Reperfusion, 429 4.2.2 Atherosclerosis, 430 4.3 Protein Oxidation in Diabetes, 431 4.4 Protein Oxidation in Degenerative Arthritis, 434 4.5 Protein Oxidation in Muscle Wasting and Sarcopenia, 435 4.6 Protein Oxidation in Destructive Eye Diseases, 437 4.6.1 Age-Related Macular Degeneration, 437 4.6.2 Cataract, 438 4.7 Protein Oxidation in Osteoporosis, 440 4.8 Protein Oxidation in Cancer, 441 4.8.1 Proteasome Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy, 444 4.9 Other Diseases, 446 4.9.1 Premature Aging Diseases Progeria and Werner’s Syndrome, 446 4.9.2 Renal Failure and Hemodialysis in Elderly People, 447 4.9.3 Obesity, 447 4.9.4 Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, 448 4.9.5 Presbycusis (Age-Related Hear Loss), 448 References, 448 List of Abbreviations 479 Index 493

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Book SynopsisThis second part of Volume 10 of the "Reproductive Biology of Invertebrates" series reviews progress that has been made in the field of developmental endocrinology.Table of ContentsPreface to the Progress Series. Preface to Volume X, Part B. Contributors. Evolution of Steroid Hormones and Steriod-Hormone Receptors (G.Kauser). Evolution of Developmental Peptide Hormones and Their Receptors (J.Broeck, et al.). Arthropoda--Insecta: Embryology (A. Dorn). Arthropoda--Insecta: Larval Development andMetamorphosis--Molecular Aspects (M. Spindler-Barth & K.-D.Spindler). Arthropoda--Insecta: Diapause (D. Saunders). Arthropoda--Insecta: Caste Differentiation (K. Hartfelder). Arthropoda--Insecta: Endocrine Control of Phase Polymorphism (A.Dorn, et al.). Arthropoda--Insecta: Migration (J. Kent & M. Rankin). Non-Vertebrate Chordata (M. Pestarino). Subject Index. Species Index.

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Book SynopsisThis updated, streamlined, generously illustrated Fifth Edition of the classic text combines comparative vertebrate anatomy and embryology into one easy reference source. Provides an overview of vertebrate evolution, a preview of vertebrate embryology, six chapters on vertebrate development, and then goes through each organ system from both a morphogenesis and comparative anatomy standpoint. Also includes extensive discussions of vertebrate evolution, a large section on developmental preliminaries, an extensive glossary and a new bibliography.Table of ContentsPANORAMA. History of the Human Body. Ancestry and History of the Vertebrates. A Preview of Embryogeny. DEVELOPMENTAL PRELIMINARIES. The Gametes. Fertilization. Cleavage and Gastrulation: General Considerations. Cleavage and Germ Layer Formation in Ascidians Amphioxus, andAmphibians. Avian Cleavage and Germ Layer Formation. Early Human Development and Placentation. MORPHOGENESIS OF ORGAN SYSTEMS. The Skin and Its Derivatives. The Skeleton. The Muscular System. The Alimentary Canal and Its Derivatives. The Coelom and Mesenteries. The Urogenital System. The Circulatory System. The Nervous System and Sense Organs. General References. Supplemental Readings. Glossary. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis volume covers all aspects of reproduction and development of the entire spectrum of invertebrates - terrestrial, marine, freshwater, brackish water, free-living and parasitic.Table of ContentsPlatyhelminthes (I. Fairweather). Nemertina (M. Tarpin). Nematoda (M. Fleming). Mollusca (S. Smith R. Croll). Annelida--Polychaeta (P. Olive). Annelida--Oligochaeta and Hirudinea (R. Marcel). Arthropoda--Chelicerata (W. Kaufman). Arthropoda--Crustacea (F. Van Herp D. Soyez). Arthropoda--Insecta (T. Adams). Indexes.

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Book SynopsisPresents a collection of classic texts combined with a number of contemporary syntheses on the topic of behavioral development in animals. This reader is suitable for students and scholars who wish to engage with the study of animal behavioral development.Table of ContentsForeword by Patrick Bateson. Preface. Part I: General Principles of Development. Introduction. 1. Principles of Development and Differentiation (excerpt). C. H. Waddington. 2. Ontogenetic Adaptations and Retrogressive Processes in the Development of the Nervous System and Behaviour: A Neuroembryological Perspective. R. W. Oppenheim. 3. From Watsonian Behaviourism to Behaviour Epigenetics: Zin-Yang Kuo. 4. Developmental Changes in Sensitivity to Experience. Patrick Bateson and Robert A. Hinde. 5. Behavioural Development: Towards Understanding Processes. C. ten Cate. Part II: Theoretical Debates - Nature/Nurture and Beyond. Introduction. 6. A Critique of Konrad Lorenz's Theory of Instinctive Behaviour (excerpt). Daniel S. Lehrman. 7. Heredity and Environment in Mammalian Behaviour. Donald O. Hebb. 8. Evolution and Modification of Behaviour (excerpt). Konrad Lorenz. 9. Semantic and Conceptual Issues in the Nature-Nurture Problem. Daniel S. Lehrman. Part III: Empirical Paradigms: Development of Perceptual and Motor Mechanisms. Introduction. Development of Perceptual and Motor Mechanisms. 10. The Developing Brain. Carla J. Shatz. 11. Development of Species Identification in Ducklings: VI Specific Embryonic Experience Required to Maintain Species-Typical Perception in Peking Ducklings. Gilbert Gottlieb. 12. The Companion to the Bird's World (excerpt). Konrad Lorenz. 13. Development of Perceptual Mechanisms in Birds: Predispositions and Imprinting. Johan J. Bolhuis. 14. Sensory Templates in Species Specific Behaviour. Peter Marler. 15. Aspects of Learning in the Ontogeny of Bird Song: Where, From Whom, When, How Many, Which and How Accurately. Donald E. Kroodsma. 16. Motor Patterns in Development (excerpt). John C. Fentress and Peter J. McLeod. Part IV Empirical Paradigms: Development of Behavior Systems. 17. Suckling isn't feeding, or is it? William G. Hall and Christina L. Williams. 18. Ontogeny of Social Behaviour in Burmese Red Junglefowl (Gallus gallus spadiceus) (excerpt). Jaap P. Kruijit. 19. Social Deprivation in Monkeys. Harry F. Harlow and Margaret K. Harlow. 20. Mother-Infant Separation and the Nature of Inter-Individual Relationships: Experiments with Rhesus Monkeys. Robert A. Hinde. 21. Structure and Development of Behaviour Systems. Jerry A. Hogan. Author Index. Subject Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book represents a test to the hypothesis that vocal rhythm coordination at four months of age predicts attachment and cognition at age 12 months. The findings show that high coordination can index more or less optimal outcomes, as a function of outcome measure, partner, and site.Table of ContentsAbstract. Introduction. Literature Review. Method. Results: The Timing of Sound and Silence. Results: Coordinated Interpersonal Timing (CIT) at Age 4 Months. Results: CIT Rhythms at Age 4 Months Predicts Outcomes at Age 12 Months. Discussion. References. Acknowledgments. Commentaries. Dialogical Nature of Cognition (Philippe Rochat). Face-to-Face Play: Its Temporal Structure as Predictor of Socioaffective Development (Daniel N. Stern). Contributors. Statement of Editorial Policy.

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Book SynopsisWhat does this extended period of dependency have to do with human brain growth and social interactions? And why is play a sign of cognitive complexity, and a spur for cultural evolution? This title explores these questions, and topics ranging from bipedal walking to incest taboos.Trade ReviewIt's been a long time coming but it was worth the wait. Mel Konner's wonderful new book shows that you simply must think about our biological past to understand our psychological present. The Evolution of Childhood offers an extraordinary new foundation for all knowledge of human development. -- Michael Ruse, co-editor of Evolution: The First Four Billion YearsEver since his pioneering studies of infancy among Kalahari hunter-gatherers, anthropologist and physician Mel Konner has illuminated anthropology with knowledge from ethnography, sociobiology, neuroscience, and social psychology, in a search for a deep understanding of what it means to be human. This monumental book contains the best description of what play is all about that I have ever read, as well as the most comprehensive guide anywhere taking a reader through different phases of infancy, middle childhood, and adolescence. The book is the culmination of Konner's lifelong quest. It will transform the way that human development is understood and taught. -- Sarah Blaffer Hrdy, author of Mothers and Others: The Evolutionary Origins of Mutual UnderstandingThis monumental book--more than 900 pages long, 30 years in the making, at once grand and intricate, breathtakingly inclusive and painstakingly particular--exhaustively explores the biological evolution of human behavior and specifically the behavior of children. Melvin Konner, an anthropologist and neuroscientist at Emory, weaves a compelling web of theories and studies across a remarkable array of disciplines, from experimental genetics to ethnology...To read this book is to be in the company of a helpful and hopeful teacher who is eager to share what he's found. -- Benjamin Schwarz * The Atlantic *[Konner] covers almost every topic imaginable in anthropology, biology, and psychology that involves child development. Moreover, since the book is on evolution, there's a lot about other animals, from the platypus to the great ape...If you want to know the latest scholarly information on child development, you can buy this book for $40 or get a new scholarly encyclopedia of child development for $1500. Odds are that this one will be more thought-provoking and better written--and probably almost as extensive. -- Mary Ann Hughes * Library Journal *Why do we love watching [babies]? Perhaps because we recognize parts of ourselves in them but still find something mysterious about the behavior of those tiny human beings. The Evolution of Childhood, Melvin Konner's massive and massively researched new book, goes a long way in dispelling a lot of that mystery. Konner gives a detailed and expansive overview of what the fields of anthropology, evolutionary biology, psychology and genetics have taught us about human childhood. The book, in fairly accessible language, explains the evolutionary purpose of everything from babies' expressions (humans, apparently, are the only animal who can pull off the "relaxed friendly smile") to crying, early childhood outbursts and juvenile delinquency. -- Thomas Rogers * Salon *Magisterial. -- Rebecca Mead * New Yorker *Anthropologist-physician Melvin Konner's The Evolution of Childhood is a masterwork of scholarship. Even at over 900 pages, it should entice anyone keen for knowledge about human infancy, childhood, and adolescence and the evolution of these life stages...Konner marries biology and psychology, adds a firm grasp of our primate past, and guides our understanding of children's lives in various social contexts. -- Barbara King * Bookslut *This book is not a weekend read...If you plan to read this book through, take a little each day and savor the delights it bestows. Well worth the read. -- D. Wayne Dworsky * San Francisco Book Review *This book is undeniably a tour de force. Indeed, Konner is perhaps the only scholar who is as comfortable describing cultural change, or evolution in its broad quasi-philosophical outlines, as he is defining the complex biochemical and statistical correlates of behavior. One of his writerly charms is that he is ever seer and scientist. He marvels as he describes. He also renders the boundaries among disciplines porous. He scurries from one to another, insisting on their enmeshment, whether it be ethology, cognitive neuroscience, evolutionary or developmental psychology, endocrinology, or cultural anthropology. He draws on all these fields to address the story of our inordinately long, and, compared to those of other species, "strangely-shaped" childhoods, and to discover how our childhood evolved to make us what we are. -- Michele Pridmore-Brown * Times Literary Supplement *Konner places childhood firmly within an evolutionary framework in his magisterial book...Konner is an excellent tour guide to the sacred lands of childhood. He has produced a scholarly, detailed and beautifully written study...The Evolution of Childhood shows that the pleasures of life are linked to the evolutionary imperatives of reproduction and survival, and that we are starting to understand their underlying neural mechanisms. -- Morten Kringelbach * Nature *The Evolution of Childhood is one of the most remarkable books I have read. Melvin Konner is a neuroscientist and anthropologist who shows how human childhood evolved over the last 200,000 years to make us what we are...Konner re-enchants child's play, for instance, by explaining its molecular and evolutionary backstory. That he is able to do this in a lively, accessible manner is no mean feat. Along the way, he makes a compelling case for how humans came to acquire complex culture. -- Michele Pridmore-Brown * Times Literary Supplement *[Konner's] goal is...ambitious: to synthesize all the literature bearing on the evolutionary emergence of our species, and especially on the ways in which humans came to raise their children. The breadth of vision he displays is extraordinary. Konner summarizes a considerable body of research on human evolution, beginning with paleontological and archaeological work on the emergence of life-forms and continuing through evidence regarding the emergence of mammals, primates, hominids and early humans, until finally Homo sapiens enters the scene. The volume is a singular achievement, not least because it encompasses, and describes accessibly and eloquently, many fields of endeavor and scholarship, ranging from molecular biology and interpretation of the geological record, to the interpretation of bone fragments found in archaeological sites, to observational research on the behavior of contemporary humans in a wide variety of ecological niches. Furthermore, Konner does not limit himself to secondary sources, as many might do when attempting to place their own research in broader context. Instead, he lucidly discusses a vast range of primary sources. The book's 753 pages of text are accompanied by 159 pages of references. The goal may be extraordinarily ambitious, but the exercise must be deemed a remarkable success. Konner achieves a readable and persuasive synthesis more inclusive than anything ever before attempted. His account of human evolution, and especially of the evolution of childhood, is coherent and compelling...This magisterial book is assuredly the most important analysis of the evolution of childhood yet attempted. It summarizes 40 years of observation, analysis and synthesis by one of the most profound thinkers of our generation. Whoever follows intellectually will necessarily build on this magnificently eloquent and integrative edifice. -- Michael E. Lamb * American Scientist *

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Book SynopsisFemale and male brains are different, thanks to hormones coursing through the brain before birth. This title argues passionately that the analysis of gender differences deserves far more rigorous, biologically sophisticated science.Trade ReviewI'm the ideal test reader for Brain Storm. I've always had reservations about the sweeping claims that there are fundamental differences in the organization of male and female brains, caused by prenatal hormones. But the sheer number of published studies that seemed to give incontrovertible evidence led me to assume that the theory was sound. This elegantly written and fascinating book has changed my mind. Jordan-Young's comprehensive analysis of the array of conflicting results and methodological weaknesses shows that we have closed the book on this topic far too soon. Her warning is one that all scientists can agree with: Careful! -- Lisa Diamond, author of Sexual FluidityThis important and intellectually powerful book shows that a dominant paradigm in human sex differences is held together by chewing gum. By painstakingly examining a large and contradictory literature, Jordan-Young shows the weakness of the brain organization hypothesis. She has so much respect for the scientific method that she can hope that reason and integrity will help create a better, more empirically sound theory of sex differences, and she reaches out to scientists to offer a glimpse of a new psychobiology. -- Anne Fausto-Sterling, author of Myths of GenderThis is a book of remarkable depth that sets a new standard for clear scientific thinking about complex behavioral traits, as well as for interdisciplinary scholarship. Rebecca Jordan-Young charts a fresh new course through the morass of questions about gender and sexuality with enviable humor, fairness, and intellectual power. -- Evan Balaban, McGill UniversityBrain Storm poses the most comprehensive challenge yet to the claim that prenatal hormone exposure permanently structures the brain to be either masculine or feminine, and does so in a highly engaging, fair-minded narrative that is a delight to read. -- Stephen J. Ceci and Wendy M. Williams, Cornell UniversityJordan-Young has written a stunning book that demolishes most of the science associated with the dominant paradigm of the development of sex and gender identity, behavior, and orientation. The current paradigm, brain organization theory, proposes: "Because of early exposure to different sex hormones, males and females have different brains"; and these hormones also create "gay" and "straight" brains. Jordan-Young interviewed virtually every major researcher in the field and reviewed hundreds of published scientific papers. Her conclusion: "Brain organization theory is little more than an elaboration of longstanding folk tales about antagonistic male and female essences and how they connect to antagonistic male and female natures." She explains, in exquisite detail, the flaws in the underlying science, from experimental designs that make no statistical sense to "conceptually sloppy" definitions of male and female sexuality, contradictory results, and the social construction of normality. Her conclusion that the patterns we see are far more complicated than previously believed and due to a wider range of variables will shake up the research community and alter public perception. * Publishers Weekly (starred review) *A carefully researched volume that exposes the problems with the widely accepted idea that gender differences are created by certain hormones in the womb. -- Alex Spanko * Boston Globe *What Jordan-Young's analysis uncovered is by turns fascinating and appalling...This book is not only a tonic, it's also full of scientific insights presented in plain, intelligent prose--an absorbing read, if you've ever wondered what was going on in the secret parts of your attic. -- Sara Lippincott * Los Angeles Times *It was with appreciation verging on glee that I read Barnard professor Rebecca Jordan-Young's devastatingly smart and definitive critique: Brain Storm: The Flaws in the Science of Sex Differences. Jordan-Young argues that the science of prenatal hormones, gender, and the mind "better resembles a hodgepodge pile than a solid structure." And she knows of what she speaks. An expert on measures and study designs, Jordan-Young has spent the last 13 years combing the literature on brain organization, unpacking assumptions, questioning methods and statistical practices, holding one paper up against another. She stresses that fetal hormones must matter to the brain--somehow. But after picking apart more than 400 studies that try to understand the genesis of particular psychological sex differences (real or supposed), she concludes that fetal T looks like an awfully anemic explanation...After decades of determined research, if robust links between prenatal hormones and "male" or "female" minds really exist, shouldn't we see those links across lots of different kinds of studies? This matters because the obsession with prenatal T can easily become a distraction. It can make us forget how much gender norms have changed--think of all those female accountants, lawyers, and doctors who weren't around 50 or even 30 years ago--and how remarkably similar men's and women's brains and minds actually are. All this unwarranted hammering away at difference (and its putative explanations) causes real trouble, too. As a growing body of research shows, cues that foreground gender and bring stereotypes to mind can dampen men's performance on tests of social sensitivity, women's scores on math tests, and women's stated interest in quantitative pursuits. Jordan-Young has done an enormous amount of work to untangle the gender claims. We ought to read her, cite her, thank her. And then, let's move on. -- Amanda Schaffer * Slate *Jordan-Young ferret[s] out exaggerated, unreplicated claims and other silliness regarding research on sex differences. The book [is] strongest in exposing research conclusions that are closer to fiction than science. -- Diane F. Halpern * Science *Exhaustively analyses every relevant study on hormonal sex differentiation of the human brain, and argues that they are riddled with weaknesses, inconsistencies and ambiguity. It's a clarion call for better science on the subject. -- Madeleine Bunting * The Guardian *In her exhaustive survey of the literature, Jordan-Young discovers a hodge-podge of tiny samples, inadequate controls, conflicting data and extravagant conclusions...By meticulously revealing the flawed research behind brain organization theory, she opens the way to a non-hierarchical study of sex difference that will be both more fruitful for science and less damaging for society. -- Hilary Rose and Steven Rose * London Review of Books *Jordan-Young's detailed and exhaustive critique of brain organization research is quite welcome. -- Vernon Rosario * Gay and Lesbian Review *

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Book SynopsisIntroduces undergraduate students to quantitative models and methods in ecology, behavioral ecology, evolutionary biology, and conservation. This title explores the core concepts shared by these related fields using tools and practical skills such as experimental design, generating phylogenies, basic statistical inference, and grant writing.Trade Review"Braude and Low provide a survey of a wide variety of extended exercises in evolutionary biology, population ecology, population genetics, and statistical analysis. Individual chapters can also serve as useful supplement assignments in many introductory biology courses."--Choice "[This book] is for people like me--faculty members who will buy it and then tinker with, modify, adapt, or steal outright the exercises it contains for use in their own relatively narrowly focused courses. And that is actually a valuable contribution to American biological education!"--Arthur M. Shapiro, Quarterly Review of Biology "I liked An Introduction to Methods and Models in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, and think it would be a very good text in the classroom. This book is intended to function as a lab book, teaching students topics conceptually, encouraging users to work out expectations by hand and by sketching out expected outcomes."--J. Michael Reed, Ecology "I liked An Introduction to Methods and Models in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology and think it would be a very good text in the classroom. [The book] presents a nice selection of problems across the broad topics covered."--J. Michael Reed, Ecological Society of America "[A]n excellent source of tools and inspiration and well suited to prepare the undergraduate student for the methodological and numerical approaches used in ecology and evolution."--Yann Clough, Basic and Applied Ecology "The most enjoyable aspect of this book is that it is a true teaching guide. The authors expose students to quantitative methods using a very hands-on approach. This approach ensures students feel more comfortable with data analysis and quantitative methods, while also aiding them to develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills. A wealth of personal experience as a student and teacher has obviously gone into the creation of this book, and I would highly recommend it to educators dealing with components of this text"--.Brad J. Farmilo, Austral EcologyTable of ContentsFigures vii Tables xi Preface xv Acknowledgments xvii Introduction xix Section I: E volutionary Biology Chapter 1: Evolution and Pesticide Resistance: Examining Quantitative Trends Visually by Stanton Braude and John Gaskin 3 Chapter 2: Lizard Ecomorphology: Generating and Testing Hypotheses of Adaptation by Kenneth H. Kozak 12 Chapter 3: Phylogenetic Inference: Examining Morphological and Molecular Datasets by James Beck 22 Chapter 4: Life History Tradeoffs in Avian Clutch Size: Interpreting Life History Data and Evaluating Alternative Hypotheses by Jon Hess 36 Chapter 5: Mimicry: Experimental Design and Scientific Logic by James Robertson 51 Section II: D emography and Population Ecology Chapter 6: Life Table Analysis by Stanton Braude 63 Chapter 7: Lotka-Volterra Competition Modeling by Stanton Braude, Tara Scherer, and Rebecca McGaha 69 Chapter 8: Explosive Population Growth and Invasive Exotic Species by Jon Hess and James Robertson 79 Chapter 9: Island Biogeography: Evaluating Correlational Data and Testing Alternative Hypotheses by James Robertson 91 Section III: Population Genetics Chapter 10: Hardy-Weinberg: Evaluating Disequilibrium Forces by Jason J. Kolbe 107 Chapter 11: Drift, Demographic Stochasticity, and Extinction in Woggles by James Robertson, Anton Weisstein, and Stanton Braude 117 Chapter 12: Conservation of Small Populations: Effective Population Sizes, Inbreeding, and the 50/500 Rule by Luke J. Harmon and Stanton Braude 125 Chapter 13: Dispersal and Metapopulation Structure by James Robertson 139 Section IV: Quantitative Ecological Tools Chapter 14: Understanding Descriptive Statistics by Beth Sparks-Jackson and Emily Silverman 155 Chapter 15: Understanding Statistical Inference by Emily Silverman and Beth Sparks-Jackson 179 Chapter 16: Sampling Wild Populations by Stanton Braude and James Robertson 189 Chapter 17: Quantifying Biodiversity by Cawas Behram Engineer and Stanton Braude 198 Chapter 18: Environmental Predictability and Life History by Bobbi S. Low and Stanton Braude 214 Chapter 19: Modeling Optimal Foraging by Stanton Braude and James Robertson 226 Section V: S ynthetic Exercises and Writing Assignments Chapter 20: Evaluating Competing Hypotheses of Regional Biodiversity by Stanton Braude 235 Chapter 21: Preparing and Evaluating Competitive Grant Proposals for Conservation Funding by Stanton Braude 239 Chapter 22: Tracing the History of Scientific Ideas: From Darwin, Connell, or Soule to the Present by Bobbi S. Low 245 Glossary 251 Contributors 263 Index 265

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Book SynopsisOffers an individual-based theory of the effects of the plastic ontogenetic development on the dynamics of populations and communities. This title shows how the effects of ontogenetic development on ecological dynamics critically depend on the efficiency with which differently sized individuals convert food into biomass.Trade Review"[T]horough and in-depth analysis of a stage-structured model... The results ... have important implications for anyone doing empirical work on juvenile-adult systems. And the authors make a compelling case that population models should explore juvenile-adult structure because it can result in qualitatively different outcomes."--Chad E. Brassil, Quarterly Review of BiologyTable of ContentsPreface ix Part I - SUMMARY AND INTRODUCTION 1. Summary: A Bird's-Eye View of Community and Population Effects of Ontogenetic Development 3 * Historical Background 3 * Biomass Overcompensation 7 * Ontogenetic (A)Symmetry in Energetics 8 * Emergent Community Effects of Biomass Overcompensation 11 * Ontogenetic Niche Shifts in Consumer Life History 14 * Ontogenetic Niche Shifts in Predator Life History 15 * Competition between Consumers with and without Ontogenetic Niche Shifts 17 * Ontogenetic (A)Symmetry in Energetics and Population Dynamics 19 * Generalization 22 2. Life History Processes, Ontogenetic Development, and Density Dependence 24 * Back to Darwin 24 * Individual- versus Population-Level Assumptions 28 * The Population Dynamical Triad 32 * Growth Patterns and the Ecology of Ontogenetic Development 34 * Body-Size Scaling and Magnitude of Body-Size Changes 40 * Changes in Ecological Roles over Ontogeny 44 * Stepping Back--Some Perspectives 45 Part II - ONTOGENETIC DEVELOPMENT AND COMMUNITY STRUCTURE 3. Biomass Overcompensation 49 * A Stage-Structured, Bioenergetics Model 50 * Equal Ingestion Rates 64 * Unequal Ingestion Rates 69 * Empirical Evidence 86 * Asymmetry and Life History Effects 90 * More Complicated Life Histories 93 * Ontogenetic Symmetry and Biomass Overcompensation 107 4. Emergent Allee Effects through Biomass Overcompensation 115 * Emergent Allee Effects in Stage-Structured Biomass Models 116 * Emergent Allee Effects in the Kooijman-Metz Model 136 * Size-Structured Predators Foraging on Size-Structured Prey 145 * Empirical Evidence for Emergent Allee Effects 159 5. Emergent Facilitation among Predators on Size-Structured Prey 165 * Generalists Facilitating Specialist Predators 169 * Facilitation between Specialist Predators 175 * Multiple Predators and a Single Prey 186 * Experimental Evidence 188 6. Ontogenetic Niche Shifts 196 * Consumer-Resource Systems 198 * Consequences for Higher Trophic Levels 209 * Ontogenetic Niche Shifts in Predator Life History 226 7. Mixed Interactions 253 * Niche Overlap between Stage-Structured Prey and Predators 256 * Niche Overlap between Size-Structured Prey and Predators 281 * Empirical Studies 292 8. Ontogenetic Niche Shifts, Predators, and Coexistence among Consumer Species 296 * Ontogenetic Niche Shifts and Interspecific Competition 297 * Ontogenetic Niche Shifts in Both Consumers 311 * Effects of Predators on Coexistence of Consumers 317 Part III - ONTOGENETIC DEVELOPMENT AND COMMUNITY DYNAMICS 9. Dynamics of Consumer-Resource Systems 329 * A Size-Structured Population Model 330 * Other Size-Dependent Consumer-Resource Dynamics 354 *Daphnia-Algae as a Model System for the Study of Stage-Structured Dynamics 357 10. Dynamics of Consumer-Resource Systems with Discrete Reproduction: Multiple Resources and Confronting Model Predictions with Empirical Data 361 * Overall Model Characteristics 362 * Derivation of Individual-Level Model 363 * The Model at the Population Level 369 * Critical Resource Density and Cohort Dynamics 373 * Multiple Resources and Ontogenetic Niche Shifts 378 * Model Predictions and Empirical Data 384 11. Cannibalism in Size-Structured Systems 391 * Background Overview 392 * A Discrete-Continuous Model for Cannibalism 396 * Effects of Harvesting Cannibalistic Populations 412 * Giant Individuals: Theory and Observation 416 Part IV - EXTENSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES 12. Demand-Driven Systems, Model Hierarchies, and Ontogenetic Asymmetry 425 * Demand-Driven Systems 426 * Unicellular Organisms 437 * Model Hierarchies, Model Simplifications, and Model Testing 439 * Development versus Reproduction Control: Ontogenetic Asymmetry 448 Technical Appendices *1 Basic Size-Structured Population Model 451 *2 Derivation of the Yodzis and Innes Model 454 *3 Derivation of the Stage-Structured Biomass Model 456< *4 Equilibrium Computations for Physiologically Structured Models 462 * 5 Computing Parameter Bounds to Overcompensation in the Stage-Structured Bioenergetics Model 472 *6 Ontogenetic Symmetry and Asymmetry in Energetics 475 *7 Mechanisms Leading to Biomass Overcompensation 483 *8 Discrete-Continuous Consumer-Resource Models 491 *9 A Demand-Driven Energy Budget Model 496 References 505 Index 525

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Book SynopsisDescribes the five major strategies of growth for terrestrial plants, and details how plants succeed when resources are scarce. This book explains how plants attain available nutrients, withstand the immense stresses of drying soils, and flourish in the race for light.Trade Review"This work would be excellent for a seminar/discussion-style course for undergraduate and especially graduate students."--Choice "Joseph Craine provides an excellent synthesis of current work and a detailed historical perspective... [T]his is a ... very useful resource for anyone interested in the topic... One of the strengths of this book is that ... it also suggests the next crucial steps for fully understanding resource strategies of plants."--Marko Spasojevic, Journal of Vegetation ScienceTable of ContentsPreface xi Acknowledgments xv Abbreviations xvii CHAPTER 1: The Basis for Plant Strategies 1 Assessing Natural Selection 1 From Single Traits to Multitrait Strategies 5 Quantifying Plant Traits and Strategies 8 Ranking Strategies 9 Synthesis 13 CHAPTER 2: The History of Plant Strategies 15 Nutrients and the History of Plant Strategies 15 Grime 19 Chapin 26 Tilman 33 Laying the Foundation of Plant Strategies 41 CHAPTER 3: Stress and Disturbance 45 Defining Stress and Disturbance 45 Major Causes of Stress and Disturbance 48 How Herbivory Works 50 Growth in the Face of Stress and Disturbance 55 Responding after Stress and Disturbance 61 The Links to Resource Availability 62 Summary 62 CHAPTER 4: Resource Limitation 64 The Concept of Single-Resource limitation 65 History of the Nitrogen Cycle Concept 68 Pulses or Slow Bleeds? 75 Primer on the Phosphorus Cycle 79 Co-limitation in a Post-Liebigian World 80 Evaluating Costs in a Co-limited World 84 Trade-offs in Use Efficiency in a Co-limited World 87 Summary 89 CHAPTER 5: Competition for Nutrients and Light 91 Definitions and Types of Competition 92 Competition for Nutrients under Uniform Supplies 94 How Much Root Length? 104 Interference Competition 106 Competition for Nutrients under Heterogeneous Supplies 107 Competition for Light 109 Synthesis 114 CHAPTER 6: Comparing Negative Effects 119 Comparing Negative Effects 120 How to Measure the Importance of Stress and Disturbance in Environments 122 How to Measure the Importance of Stress and Disturbance in the Natural Selection of a Species 130 Importance of Factors at Low Nutrient Supply 132 Importance of Factors at High Nutrient Supply 139 The Relative Importance of Factors 145 Synthesis 146 CHAPTER 7: The Low-Nutrient Strategy 149 Physiological Traits 151 Whole-Plant Traits 169 Effects on Nitrogen Cycling 171 Revising the Low-Nutrient Strategy 173 Significance of Traits in Strategy 187 Synthesis 199 CHAPTER 8: The High-Resource Strategy 202 The Scope of This Chapter 204 Physiological Traits 205 Whole-Plant Traits 212 Effects on Nutrient Cycling 213 Revising the High-Resource Strategy 213 Significance of Traits in Strategy 217 Why the Race Ends 223 Synthesis 224 CHAPTER 9: The Low-Light Strategy 227 Physiological Traits 229 Whole-Plant Traits 233 Effects on Nutrient Cycling 236 Traits under High Light 236 Why These Patterns 239 The End of the Second Stage of Competition 246 Synthesis 248 CHAPTER 10: The Low-Water and Low-CO2 Strategies 251 Water 251 Carbon Dioxide 268 Summary 279 CHAPTER 11: A Synthesis of Plant Strategies 282 Application and the Way Forward 285 Genetics, Pleiotropy, and Plasticity 286 Limitation 287 Competition 289 Defense and Herbivory 290 Mechanisms of Coexistence 292 Biogeographic Patterns and Invasions 293 Global Change 295 Tree of Life 298 Bibliography 301 Index 327

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Book SynopsisOffers an introduction to the field of developmental neuroscience, a discipline concerned with the mechanisms by which complex nervous systems emerge during embryonic growth. Beginning with a presentation of methods for studying neural development, this book provides an overview of human development, followed by an introduction to animal models.Trade Review"Written with a rare lucidity and grace, Susan Fahrbach's Developmental Neuroscience offers a systematic and logical account of the development of nerve cells and nervous systems, human and otherwise. The book is lecture friendly and the supplementary reading questions are ideal for college courses. It will be of surpassing interest to professors seeking a current treatment of developmental neuroscience."—Donald Pfaff, Rockefeller University and editor of Neuroscience in the 21st Century"The words 'delightful textbook' do not often occur together but they describe Developmental Neuroscience to a tee. Susan Fahrbach has an exceptional voice and, coupled with a deep scholarly bent, a keen ability for explaining the importance of developmental phenomena and how we come to understand them. There is much that is new here even for longtime instructors of the subject. This is a truly valuable addition to the field."—Darcy Kelley, Columbia University"Developmental Neuroscience is an elegantly written take on a subject rooted in classical embryology but now yielding to the contemporary tools of molecular genetics and neuroimaging. Fahrbach's approach is patient and steady, surveying the current state of understanding through humans and different model organisms, with a sensitive ear to the cultural issues and contexts that will inform and motivate students."—David Clayton, Queen Mary, University of London"This is the ideal textbook for students who want to think about particular big-picture topics and engage with the primary literature. With simple language, good points, interesting anecdotes, big ideas, and nice tie-in questions, the book provides broad brushstrokes on important issues, which then allows students, through guided discussion, to delve into specific developmental processes or signaling pathways."—Christopher Korey, College of CharlestonTable of ContentsList of Illustrations xi Preface xv Acknowledgments xix What Are Investigative Reading Questions? xxi Teaching Using the Primary Literature and Investigative Reading Questions to Complement the Text xxiii Chapter 1 Introduction* What Do We Mean When We Say "Neural Development"? 1 * What Is in This Book and How to Use It 1 * Methods for Studying Development of the Nervous System 3 * Human Brain Imaging 17 * The Future 19 * Notes 20 * Investigative Reading 20 Chapter 2 Overview of Nervous System Development in Humans* How Do We Know What We Know? 23 * Start by Working Backward 24 * The Carnegie Stages of Embryonic Development 26 * Development of the Fetal Brain 31 * Neural Tube Defects 33 * Notes 34 * Investigative Reading 35 Chapter 3 Animal Models* Model Organisms 37 * Some Helpful Concepts for Thinking about Animal Models 38 * Practical Considerations 40 * The Mouse, Mus musculus 41 * The Zebrafi sh, Danio rerio 44 * The Fruit Fly, Drosophila melanogaster 48 * The Nematode Worm, Caenorhabditis elegans 52 * Typical Neurons 55 * Gray Matter and White Matter 57 * Phylogenetic Relationships 57 * Notes 60 * Investigative Reading 61 Chapter 4 Early Events* Axis Determination and Neural Induction 63 * Defining Anterior and Making a Head 63 * Neural Induction 74 * Notes 77 * Investigative Reading 79 Chapter 5 Neurogenesis* Production of Neurons by Neural Progenitors 81 * Neurogenesis in C. elegans 83 * Neurogenesis in Drosophila 88 * Neurogenesis in Zebrafi sh 97 * Neurogenesis in the Mouse 99 * Neurogenesis in Humans 106 * Adult Neurogenesis 110 * Notes 116 * Investigative Reading 118 Chapter 6 Later Events* Not All Animals Are Segmented 121 * Regionalization in the Drosophila Nervous System 121 * Regionalization in the Vertebrate Nervous System 128 * Histogenesis of the Mammalian Cortex 135 * Notes 140 * Investigative Reading 141 Chapter 7 Becoming a Neuron* Axons, Dendrites, and the Formation of Synapses 143 * The Decision to Grow a Process 145 * Microtubules, Actin, and Growth Cones 147 * Axon Path Finding 152 * Synaptogenesis 160 * Notes 164 * Investigative Reading 166 Chapter 8 Glia* Glia and Neurons 169 * Glia in C. elegans 170 * Glia in Drosophila 171 * Glia in Zebrafish 176 * Glia in Mice 179 * Glia in Humans 189"li>Fruit Flies and Glioblastoma 192 * Notes 194 * Investigative Reading 195 Chapter 9 Maturation* Growing Up 197 * Metamorphosis 197 * Adolescence 206 * Summary 209 * Notes 210 * Investigative Reading 211 Chapter 10 Thinking about Intellectual Disability in the Context of Development* Neuroscience and Intellectual Disability 213 * Perturbations of Neuronal Migration 215 * Dendritic Abnormalities 219 * Neonatal Hypothyroidism 221 * Rett Syndrome 222 * Fragile X Syndrome 225 * Down Syndrome 228 * Fetal Alcohol Syndrome 231 * Nonmammalian Models 234 * Reality Check 237 * Notes 238 * Investigative Reading 239 Abbreviations 241 References 251 Online Resources 271 Full Citations for Investigative Reading Exercises 277 Index 281

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Hands down the most beautiful book I’ve ever read. . . . The intersection of biology and physics might be the most underappreciated cross-over in the sciences."---Nicole Barbaro, Bookmarked"The author's style is mostly captivating, and the illustrations provide unique support . . . Parthasarathy's commitment regarding the importance of education about scientific discovery and its place in today's world is evident throughout."---F. W. Yow, Choice

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"The Process of Animal Domestication is a fascinating book that comes highly recommended. Its synthesis of a large body of research makes it incredibly valuable to evolutionary and developmental biologists, geneticists, anthropologists, and (zoo)archaeologists. However, the writing is accessible enough that (under)graduate students wanting to read up on animal domestication can safely turn to this book as well."---Leon Vlieger, Inquisitive Biologist"This well-referenced, scholarly publication will be valuable primarily for those geneticists, embryologists, comparative anatomists, and evolutionary biologists chiefly interested in the multifaceted issues and history associated with animal domestication."---D.A. Brass, CHOICE"[This book] covers all of the major topics in domestication and really does give an excellent overview of the subject . . . . I would absolutely recommend this book to those with a passing interest in the field, as well as a more specialised readership."---Dominic Wright, Trends in Ecology & Evolution"[The Process of Animal Domestication] will be the go-to publication on animal domestication for years to come. I salute what I believe is a superb job—highly recommended!"---Frank E. Zachos, Mammalian Biology

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"The Process of Animal Domestication is a fascinating book that comes highly recommended. Its synthesis of a large body of research makes it incredibly valuable to evolutionary and developmental biologists, geneticists, anthropologists, and (zoo)archaeologists. However, the writing is accessible enough that (under)graduate students wanting to read up on animal domestication can safely turn to this book as well."---Leon Vlieger, Inquisitive Biologist"This well-referenced, scholarly publication will be valuable primarily for those geneticists, embryologists, comparative anatomists, and evolutionary biologists chiefly interested in the multifaceted issues and history associated with animal domestication."---D.A. Brass, CHOICE

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Book SynopsisIntended for undergraduate and graduate courses in plant development, this book explains how the cells of a plant acquire and maintain their specific fates.Trade Review'In this new book, Leyser and Day provide a comprehensive overview of plant developmental biology that presents a diversity of developmental strategies whilst carefully distilling the basic principles and mechanisms involved. Its strengths are its breadth, clarity and up to date discussion of developmental studies and concepts. ...Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling plant development has exploded in the last decade, and this book provides an outstanding and much needed review and synthesis. Whilst primarily directed at higher-level undergraduates, it should be accessible and informative to scientists at all levels. Though the field of plant development is rapidly advancing, this book's strength in highlighting fundamental developmental concepts and principles make it a must have for any student of developmental biology.' David Jackson, Cold Spring Harbor, BSDB Newsletter "....worth a library or scientist's investment. It is easy to read, thorough and offers additional points of access to the scientific literature that a student will find useful. It would serve as an excellent supplementary text for a library collection, or as a refresher text for a graduate student in botany." E-Streams, Vol 6, No 1, January 2003 "In each instance the authors employ a number of specific 'case studies' that trace resesarch in the area from the basic anatomy and physiology to more recent molecular investigations. ...The text is clearly written and well referenced. It should be useful to students who are getting started in this dynamic field." Choice, Vol 40, No 8, April 2003 "... a very timely and authoritative documentation of modern plant developmental biology and highly recommend it for advanced graduate and postgraduate students and also scientists interested in this topic." Martin Huelskamp, Universitat Koln, BioEssays, April 2004 "This is a 'must-have' volume for any scientist with even a peripheral interest in plant development. Leyser and Day have provided a welcome addition for anyone looking for an up-to-date book for an upper-level undergraduate or graduate course in plant development." Clive Edwards, Ohio State University for the Quaterly Review of Biology, March-May 2003Table of ContentsPreface, viii Introduction, IX Sources for Figures, xi Chapter 1: An introduction to flowering plants, 1 Alternation of generations, 1 Gametophyte development, 1 Development of the sporophyte, 3 Further reading, 18 Chapter 2: Characteristics of plant development, 19 Plant cells, 19 Larger patterns, 24 Theoretical framework for the study of developmental mechanisms, 26 Conclusions, 27 Further reading, 27 Chapter 3: Cell-intrinsic information, 29 Lineage, 29 Case study 3.1: Laser ablation of cells in the Arabidopsis root tip, 34 Case study 3.2: Green–white–green periclinal chimeras, 36 Case study 3.3: Mutations affecting division patterns, 39 Relationship between age and position, 43 Case study 3.4: Mutations affecting the rate of leaf initiation in Arabidopsis, 44 Conclusions, 46 Further reading, 46 Chapter 4: Primary axis development, 48 Embryonic axes, 48 Case study 4.1: Longitudinal axis of the Fucus embryo, 49 Case study 4.2: Longitudinal axis of the Arabidopsis embryo, 54 Case study 4.3: Radial axis of the Arabidopsis embryo, 64 Conclusions, 71 Further reading, 71 Chapter 5: Axis development in the leaf and flower, 74 Leaves, 74 Case study 5.1: Adaxial–abaxial axis of the leaf, 75 Case study 5.2: Proximodistal axis of the leaf, 84 Case study 5.3: Determinate nature of leaf development, 87 Flowers, 91 Case study 5.4: Radial axis of the flower, 92 Case study 5.5: Adaxial–abaxial axis of the Antirrhinum flower, 100 Conclusions, 104 Further reading, 105 Chapter 6: Position relative to a particular cell, tissue or organ, 110 Case study 6.1: The pattern of trichomes on the Arabidopsis leaf, 111 Case study 6.2: The pattern of root hairs in Arabidopsis, 116 Case study 6.3: Phyllotaxy, 123 Case study 6.4: Coordination of leaf and vascular development, 131 Conclusions, 134 Further reading, 134 Chapter 7: Light, 138 Light perception, 138 Developmental responses to light, 143 Case study 7.1: Light-induced germination, 143 Case study 7.2: Seedling etiolation and photomorphogenesis, 146 Case study 7.3: Shade escape, 151 Case study 7.4: Phototropism, 154 Case study 7.5: Photoperiodic control of flowering, 156 Conclusions, 161 Further reading, 161 Chapter 8: Environmental information other than light, 165 Case study 8.1: Gravitropism, 165 Case study 8.2: Thigmomorphogenesis, 172 Case study 8.3: Effects of uneven nutrient supply on root development, 177 Case study 8.4: Vernalization, 180 Conclusions, 186 Further reading, 186 Chapter 9: The coordination of development, 190 Case study 9.1: Initiation and maintenance of the shoot apical meristem, 191 Case study 9.2: Transition from embryonic to post-embryonic development, 200 Case study 9.3: Phase transitions in post-germination development, 203 Case study 9.4: Shoot branching, 213 Conclusions, 219 Further reading, 220 Chapter 10: A comparison of plant and animal development, 224 Control of cell fate, 225 Development of pattern, 226 Consequences of autotrophy versus heterotrophy, 229 Conclusions, 230 Further reading, 230 Index, 233

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Book SynopsisThis detailed volume presents a variety of animal models that are commonly used to study sepsis and some key procedures to measure specific disease outcomes.Table of Contents1. Cecal Ligation and Puncture Susanne Drechsler and Marcin Osuchowski 2. Colon Ascendens Stent Peritonitis (CASP) Anna Herminghaus and Olaf Picker 3. Induction of Sepsis via Fibrin Clot Implantation Sailaja Ghanta, Min-Young Kwon, and Mark A. Perrella 4. Cecal Slurry Injection in Neonatal and Adult Mice Jaimar C. Rincon, Philip A. Efron, Lyle L. Moldawer, and Shawn D. Larson 5. Injection of Escherichia coli to Induce Sepsis Xian-Hui He, Dong-Yun Ouyang, and Li-Hui Xu 6. A Mouse Model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pneumonia Brian W. LeBlanc and Craig T. Lefort 7. A Mouse Model of Candidiasis Pilar Fajardo, Ana Cuenda, and Juan José Sanz-Ezquerro 8. Francisella tularensis Infection of Mice as a Model of Sepsis Charles T. Spencer, Mireya G. Ramos Muniz, Nicole R. Setzu, and Michelle A. Sanchez 9. A Mouse Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis Belgacem Mihi, Wyatt E. Lanik, Qingqing Gong, and Misty Good 10. A Murine Model of Full-Thickness Scald Burn Injury with Subsequent Wound and Systemic Bacterial Infection Antonio Hernandez, Naeem K. Patil, and Julia K. Bohannon 11. Mouse Intensive Care Unit (MICU) Tamara Merz, Sandra Kress, Michael Gröger, Peter Radermacher, and Oscar McCook 12. Creation of BLT Humanized Mice for Sepsis Studies Erica L. Heipertz and Wendy E. Walker 13. Scoring Sepsis Severity in Mice Tina S. Mele 14. Identification of ILC2 in the Lung Using Flow Cytometry Hui Xu and Meihong Deng 15. Measurement of Intestinal Permeability During Sepsis Takehiko Oami and Craig M. Coopersmith 16. Sepsis Biomarkers Yachana Kataria and Daniel Remick 17. Detection of Blood Cell Surface Biomarkers in Septic Mice Dinesh G. Goswami and Wendy E. Walker 18. Microfluidic Chips for Sepsis Diagnosis Yun Zhou, Yijia Yang, and Dimitri Pappas 19. Analgesia and Humane Endpoints for Rodents in Sepsis Research Christine A. Boehm and Jean A. Nemzek 20. Agent-Based Modeling of Systemic Inflammation: A Pathway towards Controlling Sepsis Gary An and Chase Cockrell

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Book SynopsisProtocols to Assess the Aging of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells.- Analyzing Muscle Stem Cell Function Ex Vivo.- Tubular Aggregates as a Marker of Aging in Skeletal Muscle.- Fusion of Human Synovium-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells with Primary Human Chondrocytes Using the Modified Adherence Method (MAM).- Multiplex PCR for the Rapid Diagnosis of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms.- Ex Vivo Expansion of Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells.- Evaluation of Anti-Aging Agents Using the D-Galactose-Induced Accelerated Aging Model.- Methods to Detect and Compare Cellular and Mitochondrial Changes in Senescent and Healthy Mesenchymal Stem Cells.- Transfer of Mitochondria from Healthy Stem Cells to Injured Cells in Stroke with Retinal Impairments.- A Protocol for Detecting DNA Methylation Changes at CpG Sites of Stemness-Related Genes in Aging Stem Cells.- Robust Expansion of Hematopoietic Stem Cells Ex Vivo Using Small Molecule Cocktails.- A Genome-Wide CRISPR/Cas9 Screen Identifies Regulatory Genes for Stem Cell Aging.- Immunocompetent  Brain  Organoids  with  Microglia  Allow  Advanced  Aging  Research.- Quality Control in Human Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Fat Models for Aging Studies.- Mesenchymal Stromal Cell (MSC) Isolation and Induction of Acute and Replicative Senescence.- Delivery of Stem Cell Rejuvenating Compounds via Subcutaneous Osmotic Pumps.- Isolation Procedure for Rat Pancreatic Ductal Cells.- Polychromatic Flow Cytometry to Identify Rare Aged Hematopoietic Stem Cell Subpopulations.- Isolation of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells from an Apheresis Sample.- Quantifying Muscle Regeneration: Activated Muscle Satellite Cells and New Regenerated Myofibers in Chronic and Acute Degeneration Models.- Identification of De Novo Dividing Stem Cells.- Rat Ductal Cell-Derived Differentiation into Islet-Like Cells.

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Book SynopsisEvidence grows daily of the changing climate and its impact on plants and animals. Plant function is inextricably linked to climate and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. On the shortest and smallest scales, the climate affects the plant's immediate environment and so directly influences physiological processes.Trade Review"...this book is timely, and focused on plants more widely than the title suggests, ranging from organ physiology through to ecosystem responses. I recommend the book for advanced students, teachers and researchers who have interests in, and need to consider, a wide range of plant-environmental processes, not just the complexities of plant responses to 'climate change'..." Annals of Botany, 1-1, 2007Table of ContentsList of Contributors. Preface. 1. Recent and future climate change and its implications for plant growth. David Viner, Climatic Research Unit, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK, James I.L. Morison, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK and Craig Wallace, Climatic Research Unit, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK. 2. Plant responses to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide. Lewis H. Ziska and James A. Bunce, Crop Systems and Global Change, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland, USA. 3. The significance of temperature in plant life. Christian Körner, Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. 4. Temperature and plant development: phenology and seasonality. Annette Menzel, Department of Ecology, Technical University of Munich, Germany and Tim Sparks, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Huntingdon, UK. 5. Responses of plant growth and functioning to changes in water supply in a changing climate. William J. Davies, Department of Biological Sciences, Lancaster Environment Centre, University of Lancaster, UK. 6. Water availability and productivity. João S. Pereira, Maria-Manuela Chaves, Maria-Conceição Caldeira and Alexandre V. Correia,m Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Lisboa, Portugal. 7. Effects of temperature and precipitation changes on plant communities. M. D. Morecroft, NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, UK and J.S. Paterson, Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, Oxford, UK. 8. Issues in modelling plant ecosystem responses to elevated CO2: interactions with soil nitrogen. Ying-Ping Wang, CSIRO Atmospheric Research, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia and Ross McMurtrie, Belinda Medlyn and David Pepper, School of Biological Sciences, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. 9. Predicting the effect of climate change on global plant productivity and the carbon cycle. John Grace & Rui Zhang, Institute of Atmospheric and Environmental Science, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, UK. References. Index

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Book SynopsisThe Nature of Light and Its Interaction with Matter.- Principles and Nomenclature for the Quantification of Light.- Generation and Control of Light.- The Measurement of Light.- Light as a Tool for Biologists: Recent Developments.- Terrestrial Daylight.- Underwater Light.- Action Spectroscopy in Biology.- Spectral Tuning in Biology  I: Pigments.- Spectral Tuning in Biology  II: Structural Color.- Photoactive Proteins.- Molecules and Photochemical Reactions in Biological Light Perception and Regulation.- Photoreceptive Proteins and Their Evolution.- Signaling Crosstalk under the Control of Plant Photoreceptors.- The Diversity of Eye Optics.- The Evolution of Photosynthesis and Its Environmental Impact.- Photosynthetic Light Harvesting.- How Light Resets Circadian Clocks.- Photomorphogenesis and Photoperiodism in Plants.- The Light-Dependent Magnetic Compass.- Phototoxicity.- Ozone Depletion and the Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation.- Vitamin D: Photobiological and Ecological AspTrade Review“The book ‘Photobiology–the Science of Life and Light’ provides an excellent source of information to build upon or refresh one’s background knowledge of the physics of light with respect to its interaction in biological systems. … with the coverage of an enormous range of different topics, this book provides a comprehensive and entertaining introduction into the field of photobiology. Therefore, the book is perfectly suited for educational purpose as well.” (Torsten Jakob, Journal of Plant Physiology, Vol. 192, 2016)“This interesting and informative text, edited and largely written by Björn (emer., Lund Univ., Sweden), an expert in many aspects of the photobiology of plants … . The treatment of plants and animals is balanced, and useful comparisons and evolutionary relationships are discussed for photoreceptor molecules and processes. … Each topic gives sufficient background for non-experts to gain an appreciation of the subject matter. … Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through professionals/practitioners.” (L. C. Davis, Choice, Vol. 52 (12), August, 2015)Table of Contents1. The Nature of Light and Its Interaction with Matter Lars Olof Björn 2. Principles and Nomenclature for the Quantification of LightLars Olof Björn 3. Generation and Control of LightLars Olof Björn 4. The Measurement of LightLars Olof Björn5. Light as a Tool for Biologists: Recent DevelopmentsLars Olof Björn6. Terrestrial DaylightLars Olof Björn 7. Underwater LightCurtis D. Mobley 8. Action Spectroscopy in BiologyLars Olof Björn 9. Spectral Tuning in Biology I: PigmentsLars Olof Björn and Helen Ghiradella 10. Spectral Tuning in Biology II: Structural ColorHelen Ghiradella, Lars Olof Björn and Shuichi Kinoshita11. Photoactive ProteinsLars Olof Björn12. Molecules and Photochemical Reactions in Biological Light Perception and RegulationLars Olof Björn 13. Photoreceptive Proteins and Their EvolutionLars Olof Björn 14. Signaling Crosstalk under the Control of Plant PhotoreceptorsLei Jiang and Shaoshan Li15. The Diversity of Eye OpticsLars Olof Björn 16. The Evolution of Photosynthesis and Its Environmental ImpactLars Olof Björn and Govindjee 17. Photosynthetic Light HarvestingTihana Mirkovic and Gregory D. Scholes18. How Light Resets Circadian ClocksAnders Johnsson, Charlotte Helfrich-Förster and Wolfgang Engelmann 19. Photomorphogenesis and Photoperiodism in PlantsJames L. Weller 20. The Light-Dependent Magnetic CompassRachel Muheim and Miriam Liedvogel21. PhototoxicityLars Olof Björn and Pirjo Huovinen 22. Ozone Depletion and the Effects of Ultraviolet RadiationLars Olof Björn and Richard L. McKenzie 23. Vitamin D: Photobiological and Ecological Aspects Lars Olof Björn 24. The Photobiology of Human SkinMary Norval 25. Light-Promoted InfectionLars Olof Björn26. BioluminescenceLars Olof Björn and Helen Ghiradella 27. Role of Ultraviolet Radiation in the Origin of LifeLars Olof Björn, Shaoshan Li, Qiu Qiu and Yutao Wang28. Hints for Teaching Experiments and DemonstrationsLars Olof Björn 29. The Amateur Scientist’s SpectrophotometerLars Olof Björn

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Book SynopsisNematodes are small multicellular organisms that have been used as biological models since the 1960s. For example, Caenorhabditis elegans is a free-living nematode worm, about 1mm in length, that lives in temperate soil environments. It is made up of about 1000 cells, and has a short life cycle of only two weeks. It was the first multicellular organism to have its whole genome sequenced. The book summarizes the importance of nematodes as model organisms in the fields of genetics, developmental biology, neurobiology, pharmacology, nutrition, ecology and parasitology. Of interest to a broad audience across a wide spectrum of disciplines, this book is useful for biologists working on comparative studies to investigate biological processes across organisms; medical scientists and pharmacologists for exploration of drugs and medicine (including the use of genome editing to eliminate diseases); ecologists considering nematodes as indicators for environment changes; and parasitologists for host-parasite interactions. Many other researchers can use this book as a benchmark for the broad implications of nematology research on other aspects of science.Table of ContentsPart 1: Biological Systems Chapter 1: The genus Pristionchus: a model for phenotypic plasticity, predatory behavior, self-recognition and other complex traits Chapter 2: Aging Chapter 3: Entomopathogenic nematodes as a model for probing the insect immune system Chapter 4: The use of the root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., for studying biotrophic parasitic interactions Chapter 5: Nematodes as a model for symbiosis Chapter 6: Nematode pharmacology: neurotransmitters, receptors and experimental approaches Part 2: Ecology and Toxicology Chapter 7: Nematodes as ecological and environmental Indicators Chapter 8: Use in soil agro-ecology Chapter 9: Stress and survival mechanisms Chapter 10: Molecular toxicology in Caenorhabditis elegans Chapter 11: Nematode use for testing theoretical models of behavioral ecology Chapter 12: Entomopathogenic nematodes as models For inundative biological control Chapter 13: Parasitic nematodes and their symbiosis with bacteria: model systems for studying parasitism and pathogenesis Chapter 14: Genetic improvement of beneficial organisms

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Book SynopsisThe Principles & Protocols Series is designed for upper level undergraduates, postgraduates and researchers, particularly those new to a field. Books in the series outline the theoretical background to experimental approaches, followed by bullet-point protocols, which are generic and can be adapted for particular systems. RNA interference (RNAi) has been one of the most exciting and significant new methodologies to appear in the past decade, and it now finds widespread application. This methods manual provides an introduction to the phenomenon to RNA Interference and specific protocols for RNAi, in organisms from plants and C.elegans to Drosophila and mammals. Also included are chapters covering small hairpin RNAs and viral-induced gene silencing.Table of Contents1: General Introduction 2: RNAi in Plants 3: VIGS 4: Synthetic miRNAs in Plants 5: RNAi in Caenorhabditus elegens 6: RNAi in Drosophila 7: RNAi in Zebra Fish 8: RNAi in Avian Embryos (in ovo) 9: RNAi in Mammalian Cells 10: siRNA and shRNA Design

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Book SynopsisThe population of the world continues to increase at an alarming rate. The trouble linked with overpopulation ranges from food and water scarcity to inadequacy of space for organisms. Overpopulation is also linked with several other demographic hazards, for instance, population blooming will not only result in exhaustion of natural repositories, but it will also induce intense pressure on the world economy. Today nanotechnology is often discussed as a key discipline of research but it has positive and negative aspects. Also, due to industrialization and ever-increasing population, nano-pollution has been an emerging topic among scientists for investigation and debate. Nanotechnology measures any substance on a macromolecular scale, molecular scale, and even atomic scale. More importantly, nanotechnology deals with the manipulation and control of any matter at the dimension of a single nanometer. Nanotechnology and nanoparticles (NPs) play important roles in sustainable development and environmental challenges as well. NPs possess both harmful and beneficial effects on the environment and its harboring components, such as microbes, plants, and humans. There are many beneficial impacts exerted by nanoparticles, however, including their role in the management of waste water and soil treatment, cosmetics, food packaging, agriculture, biomedicines, pharmaceuticals, renewable energies, and environmental remedies. Conversely, NPs also show some toxic effects on microbes, plants, as well as human beings. It has been reported that use of nanotechnological products leads to the more accumulation of NPs in soil and aquatic ecosystems, which may be detrimental for living organisms. Further, toxic effects of NPs on microbes, invertebrates, and aquatic organisms including algae, has been measured. Scientists have also reported on the negative impact of NPs on plants by discussing the delivery of NPs in plants. Additionally, scientists have also showed that NPs interact with plant cells, which results in alterations in growth, biological function, gene expression, and development. Thus, there has been much investigated and reported on NPs and plant interactions in the last decade. This book discusses the most recent work on NPs and plant interaction, which should be useful for scientists working in nanotechnology across a wide variety of disciplines.Table of Contents1. Applications of Nanomaterials to Enhance Plant Health and Agricultural Production2. Nanoparticles and their impacts on seed germination3. Synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles and their impact on plants4. Physiology of zinc oxide nanoparticles in plants5. Effect of TiO2 as plant-growth stimulating nanomaterial on crop production6. Contribution to monography Nanomaterials and physiological and biochemical responses of plants7. Impacts of Carbon nanotubes on physiology and biochemistry of plants8. Silver Nanoparticles and their Morpho-physiological Responses on Plants9. Nanoparticles: Sources and toxicity10. Impact of cobalt nanoparticles on morpho-physiological and biochemical responses of plants11. Nanoparticles-induced oxidative stress in plants12. Variability, behaviour and impact of nanoparticles in the environment

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Book SynopsisThis book comprehensively addresses female and male fertility preservation. It discusses in detail all major aspects of fertility preservation in both sexes, explains the basis of fertility preservation, and highlights the currently available techniques; further chapters are dedicated to specific diseases. The book offers an essential reference guide for all physicians, specialists or not, seeking to improve their grasp of female and male fertility preservation. Table of ContentsPart I FEMALE FERTILITY PRESERVATION Normal ovarian ageing.- The effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy on female reproductive tract.- Pediatric cancer and fertility.- ART in cancer survivors: including egg donation.- Fertility sparing surgery in gynecologic cancers.- Ovarian transposition.- Hormonal suppression for ovarian protection.- Oocyte and embryo cryopreservation: methodology and clinical results.- Ovarian stimulation for fertility preservation (different protocols).- In vitro maturation of oocytes.- Ovarian tissue cryopreservation.- Techniques of ovarian transplantation.- Assessing safety in ovarian transplantation.- Whole ovary cryopreservation and transplantation.- Fertility preservation in breast cancer patients.- Fertility preservation and endometriosis.- Fertility preservation in autoimmune diseases.- Fertility preservation in transgender males.- Fertility preservation in Turner syndrome and other gonadal dysgeneses .- Tissue preparation and follicle activation by physical methods .- Fertility preservation in children and adolescents.- Social egg freezing.- Ovarian tissue banking to postpone menopause.- Endometrial stem cells transplantation.- Uterine transplantation.- Surrogacy.- Medical treatments for ovarian protection.- Transplantation of isolated follicles.- In vitro folliculogenesis.- Artificial ovary.- Gamete production from stem cells.- Part II MALE FERTILITY PRESERVATION Impact of cancer treatments on sperm chromatin integrity.- ART in cancer patients including sperm donation.- Sperm cryopreservation.- Indications and methods of Epididymal or Testicular sperm retrieval for cryopreservation.- Testis sparing surgery.- Hormonal suppression for FP in male.- Fertility preservation in hypogonadal men.- Fertility preservation in prepubertal boys.- Fertility preservation in transgender females.- Testicular tissue transplantation.- Removal of malignant cells prior to autotransplantation of spermatogonial stem cells.- Transplantation of cryopreserved spermatogonia.- In vitro spermatogenesis.- Part III FEMALE AND MALE FERTILITY PRESERVATION Psychological aspects of fertility preservation.- Ethical considerations of fertility preservation.- Legal aspects.

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Book SynopsisThe range of nanomaterial applications has expanded recently from catalysis, electronics, and filtration to therapeutics, diagnostics, agriculture, and food because of unique properties and potentials of different nanoparticles and nanomaterials. Research shows that these exquisite particles can interact with an organism at the cellular, physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. However, our knowledge of how they affect these changes, selectively or generally, in diverse organism or ecosystems is very limited and far from satisfactory. Data indicate that the biological function largely depends on the shape, size, and surface characteristics of the nanoparticles used besides life cycle stages of an organism. Therefore, this compilation will focus on the body of work carried out by distinguished investigators using diverse nanomaterials and plant and animal species. This book includes specific case studies as well as general review articles highlighting aspects of multilayered interactions, and targets not only research and academic scholars but also the concerned industry and policy makers as well.Table of ContentsPreface1. Pros and cons of metal oxide nanomaterial use in Australian broadacre agriculture: Nazanin Nikoo Jamal, Elliott Duncan & Gary Owens; Environmental Contaminants Group, Future Industries Institute, University of South AustraliaBuilding X2-06 Mawson Lakes Campus2. Accumulation of metal-oxide nanomaterials by unicellular algae and their transfer within marine and aquatic food-webs; Elliott Duncan & Gary Owens: Environmental Contaminants Group, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia3. The chemistry behind nanotoxicological processes in living systems: Guadalupe de la Rosa, Edgar Vazquez, Concepcion Garcia, Laura Lopez, Gustavo Cruz and Gustavo Basurto; Departamento de Ingenierías Química, Electrónica y Biomédica, División de Ciencias e Ingenierías Campus León, Universidad de Guanajuato 4. Nanoparticles and Sustainable Agriculture: Concepts and controversies: Durgesh Kumar Tripathi, Namira Arif, Shivesh Sharma, N K Dubey and D K Chauhan; Center of Medical Diagnostic and Research, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad5. Elucidating the role of nano-bio interactions in nanotoxicology: Lok R. Pokhrel; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Temple University, USA 6. Potential of nonotechnology for increasing micronutrients fertilizer use efficiency in crop production: S K Singh and Yukti Verma; Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India7. Fate and effect of engineered nanomaterials in agricultural systems; Jason White: The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA8. Effects of engineered nanomaterials on the alleviation of abiotic stress in plants: M. Djanaguiraman, P.V.V. Prasad and O.P. Dhankher; Sustainable Intensification Innovation Lab, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA 9. Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Interactions: I. In vitro Studies in Animal Cells: Ashley Cox and Shivendra Sahi; Department of Biology, University of Sciences, 600 South 43rd Street, Philadelphia, USA10. Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Interactions: II. An Analysis Based on Animal Organ System: Ashley Cox and Nilesh Sharma; Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, USA11. Engineered nanomaterials toxicity at different growth phases of agricultural species: Swati Rawat, Yi Wang, Chaoyi Deng, Yuqing Yeb, Carolina B. Valdes, Jose R. Peralta-Videa and Jorge. L. Gardea-Torresdey; Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science & Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA 12. Nanotoxicology Research Based on Drosophila Models: Ananya Sharma & Ajay Srivastava; Dept of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY USA13. Caenorhabditis elegans – A unique animal model to study soil–nanoparticles–organism interactions; Daniel Starnes, Catherine Starnes: Department of Biology, Belmont University, Nashville, TN, USA14. Cytotoxic efficacy of green engineered biomolecules-loaded silver nanoparticles on HeLa Cell line using leaf extracts of Leucas aspera: P. Venkatachalam, U. Jinu and T. Bhuvaneswari; Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Salem, India15. Zebrafish models of nanotoxicity – A comprehensive account: Silvia Giordani; University of Turin, Chemistry Department, Via Giuria, Torino, Italy16. Responses of terrestrial plants to metallic nanomaterial exposure – a Mechanistic analysis: Keni Cota-Ruiz, Swati Rawat, Jose R. Peralta-Videa and Jorge. L. Gardea-Torresdey; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USAIndex

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Book Synopsis In diesem Band berichten die Autoren aus führenden Labors, die sich mit Stammzelltheranostik beschäftigen, über die neuesten Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Stammzellforschung. Das Buch befasst sich mit vielen Aspekten der stammzellbasierten Therapie und den Fortschritten in der Stammzelltherapie bei Leber-, Augen- und Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen sowie bei Krebs. Dieser Band ist eine Fortsetzung der von Prof. Khawaja Husnain Haider bereits herausgegebenen Bücher zur stammzellbasierten Therapienostik. Es ist ein ideales Buch für Forscher, die sich mit der Entwicklung von Arzneimitteln sowie mit regenerativer Medizin und stammzellbasierter Therapie beschäftigen. Die sekundäre Zielgruppe umfasst Medizinstudenten, Ärzte, Zellpharmakologen, die Arzneimittelindustrie und Forscher, die Stammzellen als Ex-vivo-Krankheitsmodelle für die Arzneimittelentwicklung verwenden. Table of ContentsMikro-Elektroden-Arrays: Ein wertvolles Instrument zur Analyse von Kardiomyozyten aus Stammzellen2. CD34+ STAMMZELLEN UND REGENERATIVE MEDIZIN 3. Mesenchymal-hämatopoetische Stammzellachse: Anwendungen für die Induktion von hämatopoetischem Chimärismus und Therapien für maligne Erkrankungen 4. Aus mesenchymalen Stammzellen gewonnenes Sekretom: ein neues Mittel zur Behandlung von Autoimmun- und Entzündungskrankheiten 5. Regenerative Herztherapie bei Diabetes: Herausforderungen und potenzielle Therapeutika 6. Makrophagenreaktion auf Biomaterialien bei kardiovaskulären Anwendungen 7. Entwicklung von Stammzellen in der kardio-regenerativen Therapie 8. Regeneration des Herzens auf der Grundlage von Stammzellen: Kann man optimistisch in die Zukunft blicken? 9. Dentale mesenchymale Stamm-/Progenitorzellen: Eine neue Perspektive für die regenerative Medizin 10. Stammzellbasiertes Tissue Engineering für funktionalen Schmelz und Dentin/Pulp-Komplex: eine mögliche Alternative zu restaurativen Therapien 11. Zell- und stammzellbasierte Therapien für Leberdefekte: Jüngste Fortschritte und künftige Strategien 12. Stammzellen: eine erneuerbare Quelle für β-Zellen der Bauchspeicheldrüse und die Zukunft der Diabetesbehandlung 13. Induzierte pluripotente Stammzellen in der pädiatrischen Forschung und klinischen Umsetzung 14. Reifung von aus pluripotenten Stammzellen gewonnenen Kardiomyozyten und Zukunftsperspektiven für die regenerative Medizin 15. Verfügbarkeit von pluripotenten Stammzellen aus normalen Zellen in der Krebsforschung

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Book SynopsisMuch research has focused on the basic cellular and molecular biological aspects of stem cells. Much of this research has been fueled by their potential for use in regenerative medicine applications, which has in turn spurred growing numbers of translational and clinical studies. However, more work is needed if the potential is to be realized for improvement of the lives and well-being of patients with numerous diseases and conditions.This book series 'Cell Biology and Translational Medicine (CBTMED)' as part of Springer Nature’s longstanding and very successful Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology book series, has the goal to accelerate advances by timely information exchange. Emerging areas of regenerative medicine and translational aspects of stem cells are covered in each volume. Outstanding researchers are recruited to highlight developments and remaining challenges in both the basic research and clinical arenas. This current book is the 20th volume of a continuing series.Table of Contents1.- Krishna Kumar Haridhasapavalan , Atreyee Borthakur , Rajkumar P Thummer - Direct Cardiac Reprogramming: Current Status and Future Prospects2.- Ayça Aslan, Selcen Arı Yuka - Stem Cell-Based Therapeutic Approaches in Genetic Diseases3.- Akshaya Upadhyay , Uyen M N Cao , Arvind Hariharan , Akram Almansoori , Simon D Tran - Gene Therapeutic Delivery to the Salivary Glands4.- Meryem Osum , Rasime Kalkan -Cancer Stem Cells and Their Therapeutic Usage5.- Ozlem Aybuke Isik , Onur Cizmecioglu -Rafting on the Plasma Membrane: Lipid Rafts in Signaling and Disease6.- Giulia Silvani , Valentin Romanov, Boris Martinac -Sounding a New Era in Biomechanics with Acoustic Force Spectroscopy7.- Akram Abdo Almansoori , Arvind Hariharan , Uyen M N Cao , Akshaya Upadhyay , Simon D Tran - Drug Therapeutics Delivery to the Salivary Glands: Intraglandular and Intraductal Injections8.- Toshifumi Yamashiro , Toshihiro Kushibiki , Yoshine Mayumi , Masato Tsuchiya , Miya Ishihara , Ryuichi Azuma - Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy: What We Know and What We Need to Know9.- Aziz Rodan Sarohan , Sait Edipsoy , Zeynep Gürsel Özkurt, Can Özlü , Ayça Nur Demir , Osman Cen - Vitamin A Deficiency, COVID-19, and Rhino-Orbital Mycormycosis (Black Fungus): An Analytical Perspective10.- Thudzelani Takalani Austin Malise , Ekene Emmanuel Nweke , Mutsa M Takundwa , Pascaline Fonteh Fru , Deepak B Thimiri Govinda Raj - Treatment Strategies for Multiple Myeloma Treatment and the Role of High-Throughput Screening for Precision Cancer Therapy

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Book SynopsisThe development of gene edited cell therapies: challenges and solutions .- Combined advanced therapies: challenges and solutions.- Developing advanced therapies in a challenging patent and legal environment: perspectives on current and future cell therapies .-  Developing Ethical perspectives on advanced therapies and future challenges .- Modelling adequate reimbursement for cell therapies .- Facilitating international coordination of manufacturers and regulators .- The future of reference materials for cell therapies .- Experiences Development of ISO standards for cell therapies .- NIST activities in development of standards for cell therapies .- FIRM and Japanese standardization initiative for regenerative medicine .- The industry perspective: ARM SBC and ASTM  .- Development of cell therapy regulation: the Japanese experience.- MFDS and Korean regulation .- Australian approaches to regulation .- EU regulatory processes for cell therapy applications .- Canadian cell therapyregs .- Development of cell therapy regulation: the US perspective.

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Book Synopsis This volume presents systematic treatments for the families and genera of the Malpighiales, which more recently have been recognised as a new major group of the eudicots. Apart from several herbaceous lineages (already treated in Vol. IX of this series), the order consists mainly of rainforest trees, particularly those of the understorey. Accompanied by other early eudicot lineages, this reflects the well-documented origin of the group as invaders into the conifer-, cycad- and seed fern-dominated forests of the Cretaceous which, at that time, were transformed into the tropical rainforest biome. In this volume, 24 families with 429 genera comprising over 12,000 species are treated. Many of these belong to the vast family of the Euphorbiaceae (here conceived in a broader sense), followed by the Violaceae, whereas some of the remaining families are very small and even relictual. The revised classification includes a complete inventory of the genera belonging to the families treated in this volume, along with their diagnostic features and keys for their identification. References to the latest taxonomic literature and links to many different disciplines important to modern plant systematics make the volume a valuable source of information on the manifold aspects of plant diversity.Table of ContentsIntroduction to MalpighialesK. KubitzkiBalanopaceaeK. KubitzkiCaryocaraceaeG.T. PranceCentroplacaeaeK. KubitzkiChrysobalanaceaeG.T. PranceCtenolophonaceaeK. KubitzkiDichapetalaceaeG.T. PranceElatinaceaeK. KubitzkiErythroxylaceaeV. BittrichEuphorbiaceaeG.L. Webster †EuphroniaceaeK. KubitzkiGoupiaceaeK. KubitzkiHumiriaceaeK. KubitzkiIrvingiaceaeK. KubitzkiIxonanthaceaeK. KubitzkiLinaceaeS. Dressler, M. Repplinger and C. BayerLophopyxidaceaeK. KubitzkiMedusagynaceae W.C. Dickison †OchnaceaeM.C.E. Amaral and V. BittrichPandaceaeK. KubitzkiPutranjivaceaeG. LevinQuiinaceaeK. KubitzkiRhizophoraceaeA.E. SchwarzbachTrigoniaceaeV. BittrichViolaceaeH.E. Ballard, Jr., J. de Paula-Souza and G.A. WahlertAddition to PeridiscaceaeC. Bayer and S. DresslerGeneral ReferencesIndex

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a detailed update on our knowledge of dental pulp and regenerative approaches to therapy. It is divided into three parts. The pulp components are first described, covering pulp cells, extracellular matrix, vascularization and innervation as well as pulp development and aging. The second part is devoted to pulp pathology and includes descriptions of the differences between reactionary and reparative dentin, the genetic alterations leading to dentinogenesis imperfecta and dentin dysplasia, the pulp reaction to dental materials, adverse impacts of bisphenol A and the effects of fluorosis, dioxin and other toxic agents. The final part of the book focuses on pulp repair and regeneration. It includes descriptions of various in vitro and in vivo (animal) experimental approaches, definition of the pulp stem cells with special focus on the stem cell niches, discussion of the regeneration of a living pulp and information on new strategies that induce pulp mineralization.Table of ContentsPULP BIOLOGY: Pulp Development.- Pulp Anatomy and Characterization of Pulp Cells.- Pulp Extracellular Matrix.- Pulp Vascularization.- Pulp Innervation.- Inflammatory Process in the Dental Pulp.- Pulp Aging: Fibrosis and Calcospherites. PULP PATHOLOGY: Pulp Inflammation: From the Reversible Pulpitis to Pulp Necrosis.- Reactionary and Reparative Dentin.- Genetic Alterations: Dentinogenesis Imperfecta, Dentin Dysplasia.- Pulp Reaction to Dental Materials.- Effects of Bisphenol A on the Dental Pulp.- Effects on Pulp of Fluorosis, Dioxide and Other Toxic Agents. PULP REPAIR AND REGENERATION: Experimental in vivo Approaches of Pulp Regeneration.- Pulp Stem Cells – Niches of Stem Cells.- Regeneration of a Living Pulp.- Scaffolds for pulp repair and regeneration.- Endodontic Substitute: Induced Pulp Mineralization.

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Book SynopsisDies ist ein Open Access Buch. Wir haben immer mehr Alte, immer weniger Kinder. Dank wissenschaftlicher Fortschritte verlängert sich die Lebenserwartung ständig. Erkenntnisse aus der Naturwissenschaft in der post-genomischen Ära deuten darauf, dass diese Entwicklung trotz der Zunahme altersassoziierter Krankheiten und Behinderungen noch nicht am Ende angekommen ist. Droht diese Flut von Alten, Rentnern und „Konsumenten des Lebens“ zum Verlust des Zusammenhalts der Gesellschaft zu führen? Nach der Bestandsaufnahme der jüngsten Errungenschaften der Forschung hat das interaktive Symposium sich mit den Chancen und Gefahren der „gewonnenen Jahre“ auseinandergesetzt. Die Referentinnen und Referenten sind herausragende Vertreter der Biologie und Medizin. Meinungsbildner der Geisteswissenschaften und Persönlichkeiten aus der Politik kamen ebenfalls zu Wort.Dies ist ein Open-Access-Buch.Table of ContentsEINLEITUNG.- Plastizität des Alterns: Die Chancen des Zusammenspiels von Person, Biologie und Kultur.- Älterwerden in dieser Zeit.- Grenzgänge alter Menschen – Vulnerabilität, Reife, Sorge und Transzendenz.- Krebserkrankungen – Folge lebenslanger Auseinandersetzung mit Infektionen?.- Dein Alter sei wie deine Jugend – Impulse eines Segenswortes.- Die Gesellschaft des langen Lebens – Chancen und Herausforderungen.- Alt werden und am Alter kranken - Lust und Last von der Antike bis in die Neuzeit.- Altern und Altersvorsorge in einer frühen Hochkultur.- Das alternde Gehirn – Einfluss von Genen und Umwelt.- Komorbidität und Funktionalität – Determinanten oder Ausdruck des individuellen biologischen Alterns.- Das Altern somatischer Stammzellen und der Zuckerstoffwechsel.- Gehirn-Computer-Schnittstellen zur Verbesserung von Lebensqualität und sozialer Teilhabe.- Lebensqualität im Alter durch Hirnschrittmacher und Neuroprothesen.- Auf dem Weg zur „Rentnerdemokratie“?.

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Book SynopsisThis book comprehensively summarizes the biological mechanisms of coloration and pattern formation of animals at molecular and cellular level, offering up-to-date knowledge derived from remarkable progress in the last 10 years. The brilliant coloration, conspicuous patterns and spectacular color changes displayed by some vertebrates and invertebrates are generally their strategies of the utmost importance for survival. Consists of mainly three parts, starts with introductory chapter, such as Pigments and Pigment Organelles, Developmental Genetics of Pigment Cell Formation, Adult Pigment Patterns, and Color Changes, this book introduces new pigment compounds in addition to classically known pigments and organelles, explains how the generation of multiple types of pigment cell is genetically controlled, describes the mechanisms underlying the zebrafish stripe formation as well as other animals and also summarizes the mechanism of physiological and morphological color changes of teleost, amphibian and cephalopod. Written by experts in the field, this book will be essential reading for graduate students and researchers in biological fields who are interested in pigmentation mechanisms of animals.Table of ContentsPart 1 Pigments and pigment organelles 1 Pigments in insects 2 Melanins in vertebrates 3 Body color expression in birds 4 Pigments in teleosts and their biosynthesis 5 Bioluminescence and Pigments Part 2 Pigment cell and patterned pigmentation 6 Development of melanin-bearing pigment cells in birds and mammals 7 Pigment cell development in teleosts 8 Pigment patterning in teleosts 9 Theoretical studies of pigment pattern formation 10 Evolution of Pigment Pattern Formation in Teleosts 11 Mechanisms of feather structural coloration and pattern formation in birds 12 Mechanism of color pattern formation in insects Part 3 Color changes 13 Physiological and Morphological Color Changes in Teleosts and in Reptiles 14 Color change in cephalopods 15 Physiological and biochemical mechanisms of insect color change towards understanding molecular links

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Book SynopsisThis book describes the fundamentals of microfluidics and fabrication methods of microfluidic devices that can be adopted for animal-assisted reproduction. It presents microfluidic methods for sorting highly fertile spermatozoa. This book also describes the application of microfluidics in vitro fertilization and embryo culture. It discusses the use of microfluidics in sperm sexing and the cryopreservation of animal gametes and embryos. Lastly, the book examines the potential opportunities of microfluidics in infertility diagnosis, sperm selection and guidance, oocyte selection, insemination, and embryo monitoring. Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction to Microfluidics and animal reproductive techniques.- Chapter 2. Principles, materials and fabrication methods of microfluidics.- Chapter 3. Microfluidics and non-microfluidics methods of sperm sorting and sperm analysis.- Chapter 4. Applications of microfluidcs for in vitro fertilization and embryo Culture.- Chapter 5. Microlfuidics in cryoreservation of animal gametes and embryos.- Chapter 6. New hope for sperm sexing: possible role of microfluidics.

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Book SynopsisThis textbook is second edition of popular textbook of plant physiology and metabolism. The first edition of this book gained noteworthy acceptance (more than 4.9 Million downloads) among graduate and masters level students and faculty world over, with many Universities recommending it as a preferred reading in their syllabi. The second edition provides up to date and latest information on all the topics covered while also including the basic concepts. The text is supported with clear, easy to understand Figures, Tables, Box items, summaries, perspectives, thought-provoking multiple-choice questions, latest references for further reading, glossary and a detailed subject index. Authors have also added a number of key concepts, discoveries in the form of boxed- items in each chapter. Plant physiology deals with understanding the various processes, functioning, growth, development and survival of plants in normal and stressful conditions. The study involves analysis of the above-stated processes at molecular, sub-cellular, cellular, tissue and plant level in relation with its surrounding environment. Plant physiology is an experimental science, and its concepts are very rapidly changing through applications from chemical biology, cytochemical, fluorometric, biochemical and molecular techniques, and metabolomic and proteomic analysis. Consequently, this branch of modern plant biology has experienced significant generation of new information in most areas. The newer concepts so derived are being also rapidly put into applications in crop physiology. Novel molecules, such nanourea, nitric oxide, gaseous signalling molecules like hydrogen sulphide, are rapidly finding significant applications among crop plants. This textbook, therefore, brings forth an inclusive coverage of the field contained in 35 chapters, divided into five major units. It serves as essential reading material for post-graduate and undergraduate students of botany, plant sciences, plant physiology, agriculture, forestry, ecology, soil science, and environmental sciences. This textbook is also of interest to teachers, researchers, scientists, and policymakers. Table of ContentsUNIT I. TRANSPORT OF WATER AND NUTRIENTS.- 1. Concepts of Plant Water Relations.- 2. Essential and Functional Mineral Elements.- 3. Mechanisms of Water and Solute Transport.- UNIT II. METABOLISM.- 4. Concepts in Metabolism.- 5. Photosynthesis.- 6. Source-to-Sink Translocation of Photoassimilates.- 7. Respiration.- 8. ATP Synthesis.- 9. Metabolism of Storage Carbohydrates.- 10. Lipid Metabolism.- 11. Nitrogen Metabolism.- 12. Sulfur, Phosphorus and Iron Metabolism.- UNIT III. DEVELOPMENT.- 13. Light Perception and Transduction.- 14. Plant Growth regulators – An Overview.- 15. Auxins.- 16. Cytokinins.- 17. Gibberellins.- 18. Abscisic Acid.- 19. Ethylene.- 20. Brassinosteroids.- 21. Jasmonic Acid.- 22. Novel Plant Growth Regulators and Gaseous Signaling Molecules.- 23. Signal Perception and Transduction Mechanisms.- 24. Embryogenesis, Growth and Differentiation.- 25. Flowering.- 26. Pollination, Fertilization and Seed Development.- 27. Fruit Development and Ripening.- 28. Seed Dormancy and Germination.- 29. Plant Movements.- 30. Senescence and Programmed Cell Death.- UNIT IV. STRESS PHYSIOLOGY.- 31. Abiotic Stress.- 32. Biotic Interactions.- UNIT V. APPLIED PLANT PHYSIOLOGY.- 33. Secondary Metabolites.- 34. Crop Physiology and Biotechnology.- GLOSSARY.- SUBJECT INDEX.

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Trade ReviewPraise for the Series: "Outstanding both in variety and in the quality of its contributions." --NatureTable of ContentsPart-1 Craniofacial Morphogenesis and Regeneration: From Cells to Tissues to Organs 1. Craniofacial Muscle Development Inbal Michailovici, Tamar Eigler and Eldad Tzahor 2. Mandible and Tongue Development Carolina Parada 3. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Palatogenesis Yu Lan, Jingyue Xu and Rulang Jiang 4. Genetic Influences on Temporomandibular Joint Development and Growth Robert J Hinton, J Jing and JQ Feng 5. Regulatory Mechanisms Driving Salivary Gland Organogenesis Belinda R. Hauser and Matthew P. Hoffman 6. The Development of the Calvarial Bones and Sutures and the Pathophysiology of Craniosynostosis Mamoru Ishii, Jingjing Sun, Man-Chun Ting and Robert E. Maxson 7. Tissue Interactions Regulating Tooth Morphogenesis and Renewal Anamaria Balic and Irma Thesleff 8. Stem Cells in to Toth Development, Repair and Regeneration Tian Yu, Ana Angelova Volponi, Rebecca Babb, Zhengwen An and Paul T Sharpe 9. Development and integration of the Ear Jennifer C. Fuchs and Abigail S. Tucker Part- 2 Craniofacial Patterning and Signaling Mechanisms 10. Zebrafish Craniofacial Development: A Window Into Early Patterning Lindsey Mork and Gage Crump 11. Regulation of Jaw Length During Development, Disease, and Evolution Richard A. Schneider 12. Facial Morphogenesis: Physical and Molecular Interactions Between the Brain and Face Ralph Marcucio, Benedikt Hallgrimsson and Nathan M. Young 13. Developmental Plasticity of Patterned and Regenerating Oral Organs J. Todd Streelman, Ryan F. Bloomquist and Teresa E. Fowler 14. Regulating Craniofacial Development at the 3’ End: MicroRNAs and their Function in Facial Morphogenesis Andre L.P. Tavares, Kristin B. Artinger and David E. Clouthier 15. Transcription Factors in Craniofacial Development: From Receptor Signaling to Transcriptional and Epigenetic Regulation Yongchao Gou, Tingwei Zhang and Jian Xu Part- 3 Disease Models, Human Genetics, Genomics and Dynamic Imaging 16. Mouse Models of Rare Craniofacial Disorders Annita Achilleos and Paul A. Trainor 17. From Bench to Bedside and Back: Improving Diagnosis and Treatment of Craniofacial Malformations Utilizing Animal Models Alice F. Goodwin, Rebecca Kim, Jeffrey O. Bush and Ophir D. Klein 18. Signaling Pathways in Craniofacial Development: Insights from Rare Skeletal Disorders Cynthia L. Neben and Amy E. Merrill 19. Clinical and Genomic Approaches for the Diagnosis of Craniofacial Disorders Pedro A.Sanchez-Lara 20. Morphometrics, 3D Imaging, and Craniofacial Development Benedikt Hallgrimsson, Christopher J. Percival, Rebecca Green ,Nathan M. Young, Washington Mio and Ralph Marcucio 21. Imaging the Cell and Molecular Dynamics of Craniofacial Development Le A. Trinh and Scott E. Fraser

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisAn understanding of gonorynchiform morphology and systematic inter- and intra-relationships has proven vital to a better understanding of the evolution of lower teleosts in general, and more specifically of groups such as the clupeiforms (e.g., herrings and anchovies), and ostariophysans (e.g., carps, minnows and catfishes). This book examines the current knowledge of gonorynchiform biology, including comparative osteology, myology, epibranchial morphology and development. Phylogenetic interrelationships among gonorynchiform fishes are reexamined.Table of ContentsReassessment and Comparative Morphology of the Gonorynchiform Head Skeleton; Morphological Analysis of the Gonorynchiform Postcranial Skeleton; Early Ossification and Development of the Cranium and Paired Girdles of Chanos chanos (Teleostei, Gonorynchiformes; A Review of the Cranial and Pectoral Musculature of Gonorynchiform Fishes, with Comments on Their Functional Morphology and a Comparison with Other Otocephalans; The Epibranchial Organ and Its Anatomical Environment in the Gonorynchiformes, with Functional Discussions; The Fossil Record of Gonorynchiformes; Gonorynchiform Interrelationships: Historic Overview, Analysis, and Revised Systematics of the Group; A New Teleostean Fish from the Early Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) of SE Morocco, with a Discussion of its Relationships with Ostariophysans; Gonorynchiformes in the Teleostean Phylogeny: Molecules and Morphology Used to Investigate Interrelationships of the Ostariophysi; Systematics and Phylogenetic Relationships of Cypriniformes; Review of the Phylogenetic Relationships and Fossil Record of Characiformes; State of the Art of Siluriform Higher-level Phylogeny; The Mitochondrial Phylogeny of the South American Electric Fish (Gymnotiformes) and an Alternative Hypothesis for the Otophysan Historical Biogeography; A Nomenclatural Analysis of Gonorynchiform Taxa

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