Condensed matter physics Books

Book SynopsisScalable and cost-effective synthesis of 2D materials.- 2D-MoS2 and WS2-based chemical gas sensor.- Surface Engineered 2D TMD Materials for Advanced Wearable Biosensors.- Recent Developments in various 2D Material-based Gas Sensors: Diagnostic perspective of human exhalation.- Electrochemical sensors based on 2d materials (2dms) and their heterostructures.- 2D Materials for Gas Sensing Application.- Organic linkers and their modified nanoparticles for colorimetric monitoring devices for inorganic water contaminants.- 2D Material-Based Textile Sensors for Human Health Monitoring Applications.- 2D Materials- Applications in Photo Sensors.- 2D Materials' Sensing Mechanism.

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Book SynopsisFundamentals of Solid-State Physics.- Defects in Electroceramics.- PREPARATION OF CERAMICS: DIFFERENT APPROACHES.-Emerging Strategies for Electroceramic Preparation: Contemporary Methods and Novel Techniques.- Foundations of Ceramic Synthesis: Processes, Principles, and Potential Biomedical Prospects.- Thin film preparation of Electroceramics.- FUNDAMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES: IMPEDANCE AND MODULUS SPECTROSCOPY.- Defect Engineering for Tailoring Thermoelectric Properties of Electroceramics.- Role of Electroceramics in Renewable Energy Technologies.- Structural Perspective on Multifunctional Oxide Materials.- Bioactive glass for biomedical application: an overview.- Bulk Metallic Glasses: Effect of Various Temperatures with Nature of Constituent elements in Zr-Al/Ti-Ni-Cu BMGs.- Microwave Dielectric Properties of Electroceramics.- Microwave dielectric resonator antenna using electroceramics- A Perspective.- Electroceramics-based materials for sensor technology.- Piezoelectric, Pyroelectric, and Dielectric Properties of PZT: Nylon 11 and Graphite Doped PZT: Nylon11 Composites.- Pyroelectric Properties of Electroceramics.- HEXAFERRITE COMPOSITE-BASED MATERIALS: POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS.- FUTURE PERSPECTIVES OF ELECTROCERAMICS.

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Book SynopsisMain Principles of Statistical Physics.- Ideal Boltzmann Gas.- Quantum Ideal Gases.- Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena.- Normal Fermi Liquid.- Phenomenon of Superconductivity. The BCS Theory.- Weakly Non-Ideal Bose Gas.- `Theory of Superfluidity.- Magnetism.

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Book SynopsisTransport phenomena in plasmas are the relatively slow processes of particle momentum and energy transport systems in a state of mechanical equilibrium. In contrast to neutral gases, these phenomena in plasmas are greatly influenced by self-consistent fields, in particular electric fields. These can produce particle and energy fluxes, in addition to those generated by the inhomogeneity of the plasma composition and temperature. As a result, the physical effects accompanying transport phenomena in plasmas are far more numerous and complicated than those in neutral gases, and the solution of corresponding problems is more difficult. The effects, however, are usually far more interesting and sometimes surprising. This book presents a systematic survey and analysis of the main mechanisms of transport phenomena in plasma and gives examples of gradually increasing complexity to illustrate these mechanisms and the relationships between them. The author pays special attention to the anTable of ContentsIntroduction. Transport Equations. Sheath Structure and Effective Boundary Conditions for Plasma Equations. Transport Processes in the Absence of Magnetic Field. One-Dimensional Diffusion in a Magnetized Plasma. Diffusion of Unbounded Plasma in Magnetic Field. Diffusion of a Bounded Weakly Ionized Magnetized Plasma. Thermodiffusion in Magnetic Field. Influence of Net Current through Plasma Inhomogeneity on its Evolution on Absence of Magnetic Field. Inhomogenieties in Currentless Multispecies Plasmas with Great Distinction in Partial Temperatures. Evolution of Magnetized Plasma in Presence of Net Current. Electron Energy Transport.

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Book SynopsisSignificant changes have occurred in materials science, including increasing demands on life extensions, and the reliability and exploitability of components, materials, and structures. These changes provide smart technologies with excellent application opportunities in aerospace, civil and electrical engineering, transportation, manufacturing, communications, defense, and medicine. Smart Materials and Structures presents an overview of current developments in the characterization and applications of materials and actuators, issues surrounding their control, and the integration of smart systems and technologies. This compendium provides a valuable synopsis of this rapidly expanding and topical research field for engineers, program managers, technologists, physicists, materials scientists, and mathematicians working to advance smart materials, research methods, their applications, and robotic technologies.Table of ContentsPlenary Lectures (J F V Vincent: Smart by name, smart by nature; R Lammering et al: Design, optimazation and realization of smart structures.) Adaptive structures and active control (9 papers). Active control: Actuators (9 papers). Active control: Applications (5 papers). ER fluids (3 papers). ER properties (3 papers). ER models and applications (3 papers). MR/ER Fluids (4 papers). Shape memory alloys (6 papers). Actuators: Shape memory alloys (3 papers). Damage detection (3 papers). Health monitoring (9 papers). Sensor location/systems (6 papers). Novel materials (9 papers). Numerical modelling and related topics (6 papers). Modelling smart structures (3 papers). Piezo devices (4 papers). PZT: Poling/deposition (3 papers). Demonstrator workshop (15 papers). Author index.

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Book SynopsisContaining the Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Physics Beyond the Standard Model, this book reports the latest experimental and theoretical results and ideas in this exciting field, at the interface between particle physics, astrophysics, and nuclear physics. Taken as a whole, this book presents an overview of the current status of the field and a valuable analysis of future trends in theory and experimental approaches across particle astrophysics.Table of ContentsApproximately 70 papers on the following topics: Extension of the Standard Model Grand Unified Theories and Beyond Fundamental Symmetries Supersymmetry and Supergravity Phenomenology Strings M-Theory Search for New Physics at Colliders Neutrino Physics: Neutrino Mass Matrix Solar Neutrinos Atmospheric Neutrino Oscillations Neutron Oscillation and Neutron Decay Neutrino Factories High Energy Neutrinos Supernovae Neutrinos Double Beta Decay Nuclear and Weak Interaction Cosmic Microwave Background Properties of Space Time Dark Matter, Dark Energy, Baryogenesis Cosmic Rays

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Book SynopsisThis new edition of College Physics Essentials provides a streamlined update of a major textbook for algebra-based physics. This is the second volume covers electricity, atomic, nuclear, and quantum physics. The first volume is available separately and covers topics such as mechanics, heat, and thermodynamics. The authors provide emphasis on worked examples together with expanded problem sets that build from conceptual understanding to numerical solutions and real-world applications to increase reader engagement. Including over 900 images throughout the two volumes, this textbook is highly recommended for students seeking a basic understanding of key physics concepts and how to apply them to real problems. Table of Contents15. Electric Charge, Forces, and Fields. 16. Electrical Potential, Energy, and Capacitance. 17. Electric Current and Resistance. 18. Basic Electric Circuits. 19. Magnetism. 20. Electromagnetic Induction and Waves. 21. AC Circuits. 22. Reflection and Refraction of Light. 23. Mirrors and Lenses. 24. Physical Optics: The Wave Nature of Light. 25. Vision and Optical Instruments. 26. Relativity. 27. Quantum Physics. 28. Quantum Mechanics and Atomic Physics. 29. The Nucleus. 30. Nuclear Reactions and Elementary Particles.

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Book SynopsisUncover the Defects that Compromise Performance and ReliabilityAs microelectronics features and devices become smaller and more complex, it is critical that engineers and technologists completely understand how components can be damaged during the increasingly complicated fabrication processes required to produce them.A comprehensive survey of defects that occur in silicon-based metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) technologies, this book also discusses flaws in linear bipolar technologies, silicon carbide-based devices, and gallium arsenide materials and devices. These defects can profoundly affect the yield, performance, long-term reliability, and radiation response of microelectronic devices and integrated circuits (ICs). Organizing the material to build understanding of the problems and provide a quick reference for scientists, engineers and technologists, this text reviews yield- and performance-limitiTable of ContentsDefects in Ultra-Shallow Junctions. Hydrogen-Related Defects in Silicon, Germanium, and Silicon–Germanium Alloys. Defects in Strained-Si MOSFETs. The Effect of Defects on Electron Transport in Nanometer-Scale Electronic Devices: Impurities and Interface Roughness. Electrical Characterization of Defects in Gate Dielectrics. Dominating Defects in the MOS System: Pb and E0 Centers. Oxide Traps, Border Traps, and Interface Traps in SiO2. From 3D Imaging of Atoms to Macroscopic Device Properties. Defect Energy Levels in HfO2 and Related High-K Gate Oxides. Spectroscopic Studies of Electrically Active Defects in High-k Gate Dielectrics. Defects in CMOS Gate Dielectrics. Negative Bias Temperature Instabilities in High-k Gate Dielectrics. Defect Formation and Annihilation in Electronic Devices and the Role of Hydrogen. Toward Engineering Modeling of Negative Bias Temperature Instability. Wear-Out and Time-Dependent Dielectric Breakdown in Silicon Oxides. Defects Associated with Dielectric Breakdown in SiO2-Based Gate Dielectrics. Defects in Thin and Ultrathin Silicon Dioxides. Structural Defects in SiO2–Si Caused by Ion Bombardment. Impact of Radiation-Induced Defects on Bipolar Device Operation. Silicon Dioxide–Silicon Carbide Interfaces: Current Status and Recent Advances. Defects in SiC. Defects in Gallium Arsenide. Appendix: Selected High-Impact Journal Articles on Defects in Microelectronic Materials and Devices.

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Book SynopsisOne of the Top Selling Physics Books according to YBP Library ServicesOrder can be found in all the structures unfolding around us at different scales, including in the arrangements of matter and in energy flow patterns. Aperiodic Structures in Condensed Matter: Fundamentals and Applications focuses on a special kind of order referred to as aperiodic order.The book covers several topics dealing with the role of aperiodic order in numerous domains of the physical sciences and technology. It first presents the most characteristic features of various aperiodic systems. The author then describes theoretical aspects and useful mathematical approaches to properly study the physical systems. Focusing on applied issues, he discusses how to exploit aperiodic order in different technological devices. The author also examines one-, two-, and three-dimensional designs. For thoTrade Review... This superb book introduces one to the science of aperiodic structures. I would recommend it to anyone with more than a fleeting interest in taking their education beyond that of the oft-treated-in-undergraduate-courses regular, infinitely repeating, crystal lattice or the periodic Fourier series expansion of repeat structures. Here we have a text which gently introduces the wonderful world of aperiodicity and then takes one on a stroll through some of the scientific examples of interest. ... an excellent book ... Unfamiliar concepts are introduced gently with some nice historical background and one is not often weighed down by too much technical detail. For postgraduate researchers who may wish to familiarise themselves with the fascinating world of aperiodicity, this is a must read. -J.R. Sambles, Contemporary Physics, Vol. 51, Issue 4, July 2010Table of ContentsOrderings of Matter. The Notion of Aperiodic Crystal. Quasiperiodic Crystals. Aperiodically Layered Materials. One-Dimensional Quasiperiodic Models. The Aperiodic Crystal of Life. Exploiting Aperiodic Order in Technological Devices. Novel Designs Based on the Aperiodic Order. Mathematical Tools.

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Book SynopsisUnravels Complex Problems through Quantum Monte Carlo MethodsClusters hold the key to our understanding of intermolecular forces and how these affect the physical properties of bulk condensed matter. They can be found in a multitude of important applications, including novel fuel materials, atmospheric chemistry, semiconductors, nanotechnology, and computational biology. Focusing on the class of weakly bound substances known as van derWaals clusters or complexes, Stochastic Simulations of Clusters: Quantum Methods in Flat and Curved Spaces presents advanced quantum simulation techniques for condensed matter.The book develops finite temperature statistical simulation tools and real-time algorithms for the exact solution of the Schrödinger equation. It draws on potential energy models to gain insight into the behavior of minima and transition states. Using Monte Carlo methods as well as ground state variational andTable of ContentsFundamentals. Atomic Clusters. Methods in Curved Spaces. Applications to Molecular Systems. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisChemical Vapor Deposition Polymerization - The Growth and Properties of Parylene Thin Films is intended to be valuable to both users and researchers of parylene thin films.Table of Contents1. Introduction.- 2. Deposition Equipment.- 3. Step-by-Step Guide to Depositing Parylene.- 4. Parylene-N Precursor Chemistry.- 5. Deposition Kinetics for Polymerization via the Gorham Route.- 6. Film Properties.- 7. Other CVD Polymers.- References.

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Book SynopsisThe CRC Concise Encyclopedia of Nanotechnology sets the standard against which all other references of this nature are measured. As such, it is a major resource for both skilled professionals and novices to nanotechnology.The book examines the design, application, and utilization of devices, techniques, and technologies critical to research at the atomic, molecular, and macromolecular levels ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers.More than three dozen specific topics are examined, including nanomaterials, nanocatalysts, nanoceramics, nanocrystals, carbon nanotubes, drug delivery, nanopolymers, nanoparticles, nanocoatings, and nanomedicine. The material is presented in a concise manner and has been updated to reflect the latest applications and research findings.Entries are organized alphabetically, making information easy to find. While coverage is comprehensive, each topic is presented concisely with a wealth of illustrative mateTable of ContentsAntimicrobial Activity: Antibacterial Properties of Silver Nanomaterials. Aquatic Species: Interaction of Nanoparticles with Aquatic Species. Arc Discharge: Arc Discharge Synthesis of Carbon Nanomaterials for Energy Device Application. Battery: Nanobattery by Atom Trapping and Bottom-Up Technique. Biomimetics: Biomimetics in Nanotechnology. Bone Repair: Nanohydroxyapatite as a Bone Repair Material. Boron Nanostructures: All-Boron Nanostructures. Boron Nanostructures: Boron Nitride Nanostructures. Catalysis: Nanocatalyst—Preparation, Characterization, and Their Application in Oil and Gas Processes. Catalysis: Nanoparticles and Catalysis. Catalysis: Molybdenum-Based Hybrid Nanocatalysts. Ceramics: Nanoceramics. Crystals: Structure and Microstructure of Nanocrystals Using the Debye Function Analysis. Defects: Defects in Carbon Nanotubes. Dendrimers: Dendrimers-DNA Nanoplexes. Dielectrics: Optics of Dielectric Nanoobjects and Nanosystems. Drug Delivery: LyoCell® Technology—A Lipidic Drug Delivery System Based on Reverse Cubic and Hexagonal Phase Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles. Encapsulation: Characterization of Carbon Nanotubes for Doxorubicin Encapsulation. Nanopolymers for Enzyme Immobilization Applications. Filtration: Frontiers of the Engineering and Science of Nanofiltration—A Far-Reaching Review. Fullerenes: Donor-Acceptor Fullerene Complexes Based on Metal Porphyrins. Glass: Nanoglass. Graphene: Three-Dimensional Graphene—A Prospective Architecture for High-Performance Supercapacitors. Graphene: Nonreciprocity in Magnetically Biased Graphene at Microwave and Terahertz Frequencies. Graphene Oxide: Grafting Biomolecules onto Graphene Oxide Sheets. Greener Synthesis: Greener Aspects in the Synthesis of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles. Health Care: Nanomaterial Applications in Health-Care Diagnostics. Hybrid Nanomaterials: Organic-Inorganic Hybrid and Biohybrid Nanomaterials. Hydrophylic Nanoparticles: Hydrophilic Polymer/Silica Hybrid Nanoparticles—An Overview of a Novel Synthesis Strategy and Its Application in the Proton Exchange Membrane. Ignition: Ignition and Explosion Risks of Nanopowders. Impedance Spectroscopy: Impedance Spectroscopy of Nanomaterials. Iron Oxide: Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. Kelvin Probe: Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy as a Tool for the Characterization of Nanomaterials. Lab-on-a-Chip Technologies: Recent Lab-on-a-Chip Technologies for Biomolecule Analysis. Laser Ablation: Laser Ablation Synthesis in Solution-Based Production and Biofunctionalization of Nanostructures. Lithography: Nanofabrication with Nanosphere Lithography. Medical Applications: Potential Applications and Implications of Nanoparticles in Biology and Medicine. Melanoma Prevention: Challenges and Progresses in Nanotechnology for Melanoma Prevention and Treatment. Membranes: Polymer Nanocomposite Membranes for Wastewater Purification. Metal Nanoparticles: Metallic Nanoparticles Used in Soil Remediation Procedures. Metal Nanostructures: Size Effect on the Impact Responses of Metal Nanostructures. Metal Oxides: Macromolecular Complexes MXn Polymer as a Solid-State Precursor of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanostructures. Metal Oxides: Nanostructured Metal Oxides for Gas Sensing Applications. Micelles: Micellar Nanoparticles. Micelles: Reverse Micelles—Designer Nanoparticles for Investigative Catalysis. Microwaves: Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis of Nanoparticles. Nanoadsorbents: Nanoadsorbents for Water Protection. Nanocarriers as Nanomedicine: A Promising Platform for Drug Delivery in Nanopharmaceuticals. Nanocoatings: Nanomaterials and Nanostructures Coatings Fabrication Using Detonation and Plasma Detonation Techniques. Nanocoatings: Technology of Fabrication of Nanostructure (Nanocomposite) Coatings with High Physical and Mechanical Properties Using C-PVD. Nanocomposites: Thermal Analysis and Functional Statistics on Nanocomposite Characterization. Nanodelivery Vehicles: Milk Proteins as Nanodelivery Vehicles for Nutraceuticals and Drugs. Nanofactories: Microbes as Nanofactories. Nanodiamond: Growth and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Diamond Films on Different Substrates. Nanoemulsions: Biobased Oil Nanoemulsion Preparation, Characterization, and Application. Nanoemulsion-Based Systems for Food Applications. Nanofluids: Basic Principles and Modern Aspects. Nanofluids: Fractal Analysis of Flow and Heat Transfer of Nanofluids. Nanofluids: Potential Future Coolants. Nanoindentation. Nanomedicine: Small Steps, Big Effects. Nanoonions: Carbon Nanoonions. Nanorobots: Engineering Nanorobots—Past, Present, and Future Perspectives. Nanosuspension: An Emerging and Promising Approach to Drug Delivery for the Enhancement of the Bioavailability of Poorly Soluble Drugs. Nanothermometers: Luminescent Nanothermometers for Biological Applications. Nanotoxicology: Toxicology of Nanomaterials—The Dawn of Nanotoxicology. Nanotribology: Green Nanotribology and Related Sustainability Aspects. Nanowires: Nanowires for Very-Low-Power Integrated Circuits and New Functionalities. Oxide Nanoparticles: Functionalization and Applications of Oxide Nanoparticles. Plasmonics: Faster than Electronics and Smaller than Photonics. Polyaniline: Polyaniline Nanofibers and Nanotubes—Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Their Properties. Polymers: Electrochemical Formation of Nanostructured Conducting Polymers. Polymers: Single-Chain Polymer Nanoparticles. Polymers: UV-Cured Polymer Nanocomposites. Radiation Synthesis: Radiation Methods of Nanomaterials Production. Semiconductor Nanomaterials: Photo Catalytic Characteristics of Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Nanomaterials. Silver Nanoparticles: Potential Hazards of Silver Nanoparticles to the Environment and Human Health. Spinels: Synthesis and Properties of Magnetic Spinel AB2O4 Phases. Superlattices: Superlattice Structure of Low-Dimensional Carbon Systems. Superlattices: Design of InAs/GaSb Superlattices for Optoelectronic Applications—Basic Theory and Numerical Methods. Supramolecular Architectures: Supramolecular Architectures from Self-Assembled Copolymers. Thermal Conductivity: Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids in Stationary and Dynamic Systems. Titanium Dioxide: Nanosized TiO2—Synthesis and Application. Water Remediation: Water Remediation Using Nano-Zerovalent Metals. Water Splitting: Layered Manganese Oxides as Water-Oxidizing Catalysts for Hydrogen Production via Water Splitting—An Aid to Environmental Protection. Wire Explosion: Spherical Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles by the Electrical Explosion of Wire—Synthesis and Application. Zinc Oxide: Photoluminescence Properties of Pure and Doped Zinc Oxide Nanostructures. Zinc Oxide: Recent Trends in the Electrochemical Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nano-colloids.

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Book Synopsis"Visual Quantum Mechanics" uses the computer-generated animations found on the accompanying material on Springer Extras to introduce, motivate, and illustrate the concepts explained in the book.Table of ContentsVisualization of Wave Functions; Fourier Analysis of Wave Functions; Free Particles; States and Observables; Electromagnetic Fields; Boundary Conditions; Linear Operators in Hilbert Spaces; Double Slit Experiment; Harmonic Oscillator; Theory of the Harmonic Oscillator; Index

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Book SynopsisDeepen Your Students' Understanding of Oscillations through Interactive ExperimentsSimulations of Oscillatory Systems: with Award-Winning Software, Physics of Oscillations provides a hands-on way of visualizing and understanding the fundamental concepts of the physics of oscillations. Both the textbook and software are designed as exploration-oriented supplements for courses in general physics and the theory of oscillations.The book is conveniently structured according to mathematical complexity. Each chapter in Part I contains activities, questions, exercises, and problems of varying levels of difficulty, from straightforward to quite challenging. Part II presents more sophisticated, highly mathematical material that delves into the serious theoretical background for the computer-aided study of oscillations.The software package allows students to observe the motion of linear and nonlinear mechanical oscillatory sTrade Review"... provides a hands-on way of visualizing and understanding the fundamental concepts of the physics of oscillations. ... conveniently structured according to mathematical complexity. Each chapter in Part I contains activities, questions, exercises, and problems of varying levels of difficulty, from straightforward to quite challenging. Part II presents more sophisticated, highly mathematical material that delves into the serious theoretical background for the computer-aided study of oscillations. The software package allows students to observe the motion of linear and nonlinear mechanical oscillatory systems and to obtain plots of the variables that describe the systems along with phase diagrams and plots of energy transformations. These computer simulations provide clear, vivid illustrations of oscillations in various physical systems, bringing to life many abstract concepts, developing students' physical intuition, and complementing the analytical study of the subject. Students can investigate phenomena that would otherwise be difficult to study in a more conventional manner. Exceptionally well written, organized and presented ... an ideal textbook for university-level physics curriculums and academic library reference collections."—Midwest Book Review, April 2015Table of ContentsIntroduction. Oscillations in Simple Systems: Free Oscillations of a Linear Oscillator. Torsion Spring Oscillator with Dry Friction. Forced Oscillations in a Linear System. Square-Wave Excitation of a Linear Oscillator. Parametric Excitation of Oscillations. Sinusoidal Modulation of the Parameter. Nonlinear Oscillations: Free Oscillations of the Rigid Pendulum. Rigid Planar Pendulum under Sinusoidal Forcing. Pendulum with a Square-Wave Modulated Length. Rigid Pendulum with Oscillating Pivot. Torsion Pendulum with Dry and Viscous Damping. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisFundamentals of Ceramics presents readers with an exceptionally clear and comprehensive introduction to ceramic science. This Second Edition updates problems and adds more worked examples, as well as adding new chapter sections on Computational Materials Science and Case Studies. The Computational Materials Science sections describe how today density functional theory and molecular dynamics calculations can shed valuable light on properties, especially ones that are not easy to measure or visualize otherwise such as surface energies, elastic constants, point defect energies, phonon modes, etc. The Case Studies sections focus more on applications, such as solid oxide fuel cells, optical fibers, alumina forming materials, ultra-strong and thin glasses, glass-ceramics, strong and tough ceramics, fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites, thermal barrier coatings, the space shuttle tiles, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, two-dimensional solids, field-assisted and microwavTable of ContentsCONTENTSSeries Preface xiPreface to the Second Edition xiiiPreface to First Edition xvAuthor xix1 Introduction 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Definition of Ceramics 21.3 Elementary Crystallography 31.4 Ceramic Microstructures 61.5 Traditional versus Advanced Ceramics 61.6 General Characteristics of Ceramics 71.7 Applications 71.8 The Future 9Additional Reading 112 Bonding in Ceramics 132.1 Introduction 132.2 Structure of Atoms 142.3 Ionic versus Covalent Bonding 232.4 Ionic Bonding 232.5 Ionically Bonded Solids 282.6 Covalent Bond Formation 342.7 Covalently Bonded Solids 372.8 Band Theory of Solids 372.9 Summary 49Appendix 2A: Kinetic Energy of Free Electrons 50Additional Reading 52Other References 533 Structure of Ceramics 553.1 Introduction 553.2 Ceramic Structures 573.3 Binary Ionic Compounds 623.4 Composite Crystal Structures 673.5 Structure of Covalent Ceramics 703.6 Structure of Layered Ceramics 703.7 Structure of Silicates 713.8 Lattice Parameters and Density 773.9 Summary 85Appendix 3A 86Additional Reading 92Other References 924 Effect of Chemical Forces on PhysicalProperties 934.1 Introduction 934.2 Melting Points 944.3 Thermal Expansion 994.4 Young’s Modulus and the Strength ofPerfect Solids 1004.5 Surface Energy 1064.6 Frequencies of Atomic Vibrations 1084.7 Summary 113Additional Reading 116Multimedia References and Databases 1165 Thermodynamic and KineticConsiderations 1175.1 Introduction 1175.2 Free Energy 1185.3 Chemical Equilibrium and the Mass ActionExpression 1295.4 Chemical Stability Domains 1305.5 Electrochemical Potentials 1335.6 Charged Interfaces, Double Layers andDebye Lengths 1345.7 Gibbs–Duhem Relation for Binary Oxides 1355.8 Kinetic Considerations 1385.9 Summary 142Appendix 5A: Derivation of Eq. (5.27) 142Additional Reading 145Thermodynamic Data 1456 Defects in Ceramics 1476.1 Introduction 1476.2 Point Defects 1486.3 Linear Defects 1766.4 Planar Defects 1786.5 Summary 184Additional Reading 1877 Diffusion and Electrical Conductivity 1897.1 Introduction 1897.2 Diffusion 1907.3 Electrical Conductivity 2067.4 Ambipolar Diffusion 2247.5 Relationships between Self-, Tracer,Chemical, Ambipolar and Defect DiffusionCoefficients 2367.6 Summary 243Appendix 7A: Relationship between Fick’s FirstLaw and Eq. (7.30) 245Appendix 7B: Effective Mass and Density of States 246Appendix 7C: Derivation of Eq. (7.79) 248Appendix 7D: Derivation of Eq. (7.92) 248Additional Reading 255Other References 2558 Phase Equilibria 2578.1 Introduction 2578.2 Phase Rule 2588.3 One-Component Systems 2598.4 Binary Systems 2628.5 Ternary Systems 2708.6 Free-Energy Composition and TemperatureDiagrams 2718.7 Summary 276Additional Reading 277Phase Diagram Information 2789 Formation, Structure and Properties ofGlasses 2799.1 Introduction 2799.2 Glass Formation 2809.3 Glass Structure 2939.4 Glass Properties 2959.5 Summary 309Appendix 9A: Derivation of Eq. (9.7) 310Additional Reading 313Other References 31410 Sintering and Grain Growth 31510.1 Introduction 31510.2 Solid-State Sintering 31710.3 Solid-State Sintering Kinetics 32710.4 Liquid-Phase Sintering 34910.5 Hot Pressing and Hot Isostatic Pressing 35510.6 Summary 359Appendix 10A: Derivation of the Gibbs–Thompson Equation 360Appendix 10B: Radii of Curvature 361Appendix 10C: Derivation of Eq. (10.20) 362Appendix 10D: Derivation of Eq. (10.22) 363Additional Reading 367Other References 36811 Mechanical Properties: Fast Fracture 36911.1 Introduction 36911.2 Fracture Toughness 37311.3 Atomistic Aspects of Fracture 38311.4 Strength of Ceramics 38511.5 Toughening Mechanisms 39211.6 Designing with Ceramics 39911.7 Summary 408Additional Reading 41312 Creep, Subcritical Crack Growth andFatigue 41512.1 Introduction 41512.2 Creep 41612.3 Subcritical Crack Growth 43012.4 Fatigue of Ceramics 43612.5 Lifetime Predictions 43912.6 Summary 450Appendix 12A: Derivation of Eq. (12.24) 451Additional Reading 45613 Thermal Properties 45913.1 Introduction 45913.2 Thermal Stresses 46013.3 Thermal Shock 46413.4 Spontaneous Microcracking of Ceramics 46913.5 Thermal Tempering of Glass 47213.6 Thermal Conductivity 47313.7 Summary 479Additional Reading 482Other Resources 48214 Linear Dielectric Properties 48314.1 Introduction 48314.2 Basic Theory 48414.3 Equivalent Circuit Description of LinearDielectrics 48914.4 Polarization Mechanisms 49414.5 Dielectric Loss 51314.6 Dielectric Breakdown 51414.7 Capacitors and Insulators 51514.8 Summary 520Appendix 14A: Local Electric Field 521Additional Reading 52715 Magnetic and Nonlinear DielectricProperties 52915.1 Introduction 52915.2 Basic Theory 53015.3 Microscopic Theory 53615.4 Para-, Ferro-, Antiferro-, andFerrimagnetism 54015.5 Magnetic Domains and Hysteresis Curves 54815.6 Magnetic Ceramics and Their Applications 55215.7 Piezo- and Ferroelectric Ceramics 55915.8 Summary 572Appendix 15A: Orbital Magnetic QuantumNumber 573Additional Reading 57616 Optical Properties 57716.1 Introduction 57716.2 Basic Principles 57916.3 Absorption and Transmission 59016.4 Scattering and Opacity 59616.6 Summary 605Appendix 16A: Coherence 606Appendix 16B: Assumptions Made in DerivingEq. (16.24) 606Additional Reading 610Index 611

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Book SynopsisThis book suitable for post graduates in Physics and Astrophysics aims at introducing the theory of general relativity as an important background for doing astrophysics. Starting from a detailed discussion of the various mathematical concepts for doing general relativity, the book introduces the geometric description of gravity. It gives a brief historical perspective to classical mechanics and electrodynamics making an attempt to establish the necessity of special relativity as propounded by Einstein extending to General Relativity. This book is a good starting point for post graduates wanting to pursue the modern topics of Cosmology, High energy astrophysics and related areas.Table of ContentsMathematical Preliminaries. Pre Relativistic Physics. Special Relativity. General Relativity. Accretion Astrophysics. Inertial Forces in GR. Gravity as a Gauge Theory.

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Book SynopsisThe book reviews all the aspects of recent developments in research on skyrmions, from the presentation of the observation and characterization techniques to the description of physical properties and expected applications. It will be of great use for all scientists working in this field.  Albert Fert, 2007 Nobel Laureate in Physics (from the Foreword)A skyrmion is a tiny region of reversed magnetization quasiparticles since they are not present except in a magnetic state, and also give rise to physics that cannot be described by Maxwell's equations. These particles are fascinating subjects for theoretical and experimental studies. Moreover, as a new type of magnetic domain structure with special topological structures, skyrmions feature outstanding magnetic and transport properties and may well have applications in data storage and other advanced spintronic devices, as readers will see in this book. Chapters address the relationships between physical propertiesTrade Review"The book reviews all the aspects of recent developments in research on skyrmions, from the presentation of the observation and characterization techniques to the description of physical properties and expected applications. It will be of great use for all scientists working in this field." — Albert Fert, 2007 Nobel Laureate in Physics (from the Foreword)"this is the first book that covers the concepts and features of magnetic skyrmions in such a systematic and comprehensive manner…. This publication is suitable for readers who are interested in condensed-matter physics, especially magnetism and electronics, both at an undergraduate and postgraduate level. It also can provide good guidance to those starting research on magnetic skyrmions." — MRS Bulletin (Aug 2017)"The book reviews all the aspects of recent developments in research on skyrmions, from the presentation of the observation and characterization techniques to the description of physical properties and expected applications. It will be of great use for all scientists working in this field." — Albert Fert, 2007 Nobel Laureate in Physics (from the Foreword)"this is the first book that covers the concepts and features of magnetic skyrmions in such a systematic and comprehensive manner…. This publication is suitable for readers who are interested in condensed-matter physics, especially magnetism and electronics, both at an undergraduate and postgraduate level. It also can provide good guidance to those starting research on magnetic skyrmions." — MRS Bulletin (Aug 2017)Table of ContentsTopological structure and properties. Breathing modes of confined skyrmions . Topology of magnetic domains. Dzyaloshinskii- Moriya interaction (DMI). From magnetic vortex to magnetic skyrmion. Skyrmion state in liquid crystal and cubic helimagnet films. Skyrmion spin texture using resonant soft x-ray scattering. Chiral Magnetic Domain Wall Structure in Epitaxial Multilayers. Experimental observations and materials. Formation and stability of skyrmions in low dimensional helimagnets. Creation and Dynamics of Individual Skyrmions in Helimagnets. Manipulation of magnetic skyrmions with spin-polarized STM. Chiral skyrmions in thin magnetic films for magnetic storage technologies. Simulations of skyrmion manipulation in confined geometries. Dynamics of Skyrmionic Spin Structures. Novel topological resonant excitations of coupled skyrmions in Co/Ru/Co nanodisks. Multiple-q States and the Skyrmion Lattice of the Triangular-Lattice. Heisenberg Antiferromagnet under Magnetic Field. Current-Induced Dynamics of Magnetic Skyrmion in Chiral Magnets. Dynamical magnetic skyrmions. Giant Skyrmions Stabilized by Dipole-Dipole Interactions in Thin Ferromagnetic Films. Zero-field stability, hysteretic behavior, and reversal mechanism of skyrmionic textures in nanostructures. Ground state, collective mode, phase soliton and vortex in multiband superconductors. Emerging applications. Current-induced magnetic skyrmions oscillator. Race-track application. Electrical Creation and Manipulation of Magnetic Skyrmion Bubbles. Guiding skyrmion motion on a track. Magnetic Vortex Nanostructures for Biomedical Applications. Rotating skyrmion lattices by spin torques and field or temperature gradients. Artificial Skyrmions

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Book SynopsisAuthored by two highly respected experts in this specialist area, The Fundamentals of Radiation Thermometers is an essential resource for anyone intending to measure the temperature of an object using the radiated energy from that object. This readable, user-friendly book gives important background knowledge for anyone working in the field of non-contact thermometry.The book begins with an accessible account of how temperature scales are set up and defined, and explores the historic development of temperature scales and Planck's radiation law. Through explaining the reliability of both emissivity values and extrapolation to different wavelengths and temperatures, the book provides a foundation for understanding when a valid measurement with realistic uncertainties has been made, or if an inappropriate emissivity value has been used with consequent unknown errors. The book also presents the hardware of radiation thermometers, allowing the reader tTrade Review"‘The Fundamentals of Radiation Thermometers’ starts by giving a thorough introduction to the basics of thermometry and the fundamental thermal radiation laws, providing clear explanations that will be useful for any undergraduate studying thermodynamics. Having established a solid set of foundations, the book then describes what is needed to make world-leading temperature measurements, providing design considerations when building radiation thermometers and reminding the reader of techniques that will help to attain optimum performance. Clearly written and meticulous, this book provides a wealth of information that can be utilised by any radiation thermometrist - from new scientists taking their first steps in this field to those with more experience. This is a great book that I wish had been available when I first started!"—Martin Dury, National Physical Laboratory"Coates and Lowe aim to provide a firm theoretical background for radiation thermometry and radiation thermometer design and they manage to perform this task successfully and to a very high standard. Diverse areas of physics and engineering are pulled together cohesively, in addition to the authors’ own contributions which are specific to radiation thermometry. Assembling this information would otherwise be a huge task even for the most experienced of radiation thermometer users, designers or researchers to do themselves.Providing a theoretical basis for radiation thermometers and thermometry, this book explores the link between the local measurements and traceability back to the SI in addition to a survey of the techniques for reducing measurement uncertainty and dealing with the variety of challenges found when using these devices to make measurements outside the controlled conditions of a lab.This text will be of great use to many professionals and academics. In particular, workers at the National Measurement Institutes will find this book provides sufTable of ContentsThe Basis of Temperature Measurement. The Fundamental Laws of Radiation Thermometry. Optical Properties of Real Surfaces. Thermometer Design. Detectors. Analytical Techniques for Narrow Band Thermometers. Ratio and Multi-Wavelength Thermometry. Emissivity Correction Methods.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides an excellent introduction into polysaccharide-based supercapacitors. It includes fundamental knowledge on supercaps as well as an overview of currently available approaches reported in the literature. Written by an international team of leading academics, this brief is aimed at a variety of readers with an interest in polysaccharide science and its applications.Table of Contents1. Introduction What is a supercapacitor? How to build a supercapacitor Materials for supercapacitors Applications of supercapacitors 2. Polysaccharides in supercapacitors Native polysaccharides Pyrolyzed polysaccharides 3. Conclusion and Outlook

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Book SynopsisOne possible method of producing high-quality graphene is to grow it epitaxially; this thesis investigates the mechanisms involved in doing so. It describes how the initial stages of growth on the Ir(111) surface are modelled using both rate equations and kinetic Monte Carlo, based upon nudged elastic band (NEB) calculated reaction energy barriers. The results show that the decomposition mechanism involves production of C monomers by breaking the C-C bond. In turn, the thesis explores the nucleation of carbon clusters on the surface from C monomers prior to graphene formation. Small arch-shaped clusters containing four to six C atoms, which may be key in graphene formation, are predicted to be long-lived on the surface. In closing, the healing of single vacancy defects in the graphene/Ir(111) surface is investigated, and attempts to heal said defects using ethylene molecules is simulated with molecular dynamics and NEB calculated energy barriers.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Theoretical Methods.- Producing a Source of Carbon: Hydrocarbon Decomposition.- Hydrocarbon Decomposition: Kinetic Monte Carlo Algorithm.- Thermal Decomposition in Graphene Growth: Kinetic Monte Carlo Results.- Beginnings of Growth: Carbon Cluster Nucleation.- Removing Defects: Healing Single Vacancy Defects.- Final Remarks.

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Book SynopsisThe design and the realisation of well defined polymer architectures has become an important goal in macromolecular science. The prerequisite for achieving this goal is the availability of controlled polymerisation reactions. Living anionic polymerisation was the first reaction fulfilling these requirements. Cationic polymerisation only came into play when it was realised that it was possible to create an equilibrium between active and dormant species with the fraction of the dormant species being far superior to that of active ones. A corresponding principle applies to controlled radical polymerisation per formed in quite a number of modes such as nitroxide mediated polymerisation (NMP), atom transfer radical polymerisation (ATRP), reversible addition frag mentation chain transfer (RAFT) or catalytic chain transfer (CCT) reactions. All of these variants of controlled radical polymerisation lead to well defined archi tectures with the particular advantage that a much larger number of monomers are suitable and the reaction conditions are much less demanding than those of living ionic polymerisation reactions. Although in controlled radical polymerisation, termination reactions cannot be excluded completely, they are limited in their extent and consequently the mol ecular weight is controlled, the polydispersity index is small and functionalities can be attached to the macromolecules. These features are indicative of the real isation of well defined polymer architectures such as block copolymers, star shaped and comb shaped copolymers.Table of ContentsStatistical, Gradient, Block, and Graft Copolymers by Controlled/Living Radical Polymerizations.- Statistical Copolymers.- Linear Block Copolymers.- Other Chain Architectures.- Overall Summary.

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Book SynopsisQuantum information science is a rapidly developing field that not only promises a revolution in computer sciences but also touches deeply the very foundations of quantum physics. This book consists of a set of lectures by leading experts in the field that bridges the gap between standard textbook material and the research literature, thus providing the ne- cessary background for postgraduate students and non-specialist researchers wishing to familiarize themselves with the subject thoroughly and at a high level. This volume is ideally suited as a course book for postgraduate students, and lecturers will find in it a large choice of material for bringing their courses up to date.Table of ContentsA Guide for the Reader.- Qubits, Cbits, Decoherence, Quantum Measurement and Environment.- to Quantum Computation.- Environment-Induced Decoherence and the Transition from Quantum to Classical.- Quantum Information Science Using Photons.- Quantum Information: Entanglement, Purification, Error Correction, and Quantum Optical Implementations.- Spintronics, Quantum Computing, and Quantum Communication in Quantum Dots.

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Book Synopsis Presents an overall analytical treatment of MRI physics and engineering. Special attention is paid to the treatment of intrinsic artefacts of the different sequences which can be described for the different scan methods. The book contains many images, especially showing specific properties of the different scan methods. The methods discussed include RARE, GRASE, EPI and Spiral Scan. The 3rd edition deals with stranger gradient and new RF coil systems, and sequences such as Balanced FFE and q-space diffusion imaging and SENSE.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews of the third edition: "In summary the book treats almost all ingredients of MRI, generally at a good level with excellent illustrations and relevant bibliographic references and it does probably represent the best monograph devoted to the subject available today." (Physicalia, 25/2, 2003) "The book can be recommended to specialists in medical physics who are involved in the use and research of magnetic resonance imaging." (European Radiology, 13/7, 2003) "The treatment is mathematically detailed throughout but the inclusion of over 100 well annotated real images and example calculations reward the hard work needed with a very clear understanding of precisely how the different methods work and the extent of their limitations." (Contemporary Physics 2004, 45, page 441) "Magnetic Resonance Imaging is still clearly intended as a book for the specialist but I think the third edition makes the material accessible to the beginning student … as very reliable reference. … the inclusion of over 100 well annotated real images and example calculations reward the hard work needed with a very clear understanding of precisely how the different methods work and the extent of their limitations. Since 1996 the book has certainly been my authority on MRI." (Dr. C. N. Guy, Contemporary Physics, Vol. 45 (5), 2004) "The authors have undertaken the task to develop a coherent theoretical description of MRI, which can serve as a background for thorough understanding of recent and future developments in magnetic resonance imaging. … the book can be recommended to specialists in medical physics who are involved in the use and research of magnetic resonance imaging." (European Radiology, Vol. 13 (7), 2003) "This book is devoted to a comprehensive introduction to MR Imaging physics … . The book is organised in chapters devoted to a unified topic and accompanied by illustrations. … the book treats almost all ingredients of MRI, generally at a good level with excellent illustrations and relevant bibliographic references and its does probably represent the best monograph devoted to the subject available today." (Thierry Metens, Physicalia, Vol. 25 (2), 2003)Table of ContentsMagnetic Resonance Imaging: A Historical Introduction.- 1. MRI and Its Hardware.- 2.Conventional Imaging Methods.- 3. Imaging Methods with Advanced % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaagCart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabm4Aayaala % aaaa!36F6! $$\vec k $$ -Space Trajectories.- 4. Steady-State Gradient-Echo Imaging.- 5. Transient-State Gradient-Echo Imaging.- 6. Contrast and Signal-to-Noise Ratio.- 7. Motion and Flow.- 8. Partitioning of the Magnetization into Configurations.- References.- Index of Abbreviated Terms.

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Book SynopsisAdsorption at solid/liquid interfaces Ulbig P, Seippel J: Development of a group contribution method for liquid-phase adsorption onto activated carbons ...Laszlb K: Adsorption from aqueous phenol and 2,3,4-trichlorophenol solutions on nanoporous carbon prepared from poly(ethy1ene terephthalate) . . Mizukami M, Kurihara K: Alcohol cluster formation on silica surfaces in cyclohexane . . Tombacz E, Szekeres M: Effects of impurity and solid-phase dissolution on surface charge titration of aluminium oxide ...Horanyi G, Job P: Radiotracer study of the specific adsorption of anions on oxides Kovaeevit D, cop A, Bradetic A, Interfacial equilibria at a goethite aqueous interface in the presence Kallay N, Pohlmeier A, of amino acids ...Narres H-D, Lewandowski H: Ruffmann B, Zimehl R: Liquid sorption and stability of polystyrene latices ...Zimehl R, Hannig M: Adsorption onto tooth enamel the - biological interface and its modification ...Lengyel Z, Foldinyi R: Adsorption of chloroacetanilide herbicides on Hungarian soils ...Paszli I, Laszlo K: Stagnation phenomenon of solid/fluid interfaces ...Mielke M, Zimehl R: Measures to determine the hydrophobicity of colloidal polymers . Farkas A, Dekany I: Interlamellar adsorption of organic pollutants on hydrophobic . . vermiculite ...Dabrowski A, Biilow M, Adsorption against pollution: current state and perspectives ...Podkocielny P: Textor T, Bahners T, Schollmeyer E: Organically modified ceramics for coating textile materials ...Nanostructured materials Esumi K, Torigoe K: Preparation and characterization of noble metal nanoparticles using ...dendrimers as protective colloids Mogyorbsi K, Nemeth J, Dekany I, Preparation, characterization, and photocatalytic properties Fendler JH: of layered-silicate-supported TiOz and ZnO nanoparticles ...Table of ContentsAdsorption at solid/liquid interfaces: Peter Ulbig, Johannes Seippel: Development of a group contribution method for liquid phase adsorption onto activated carbons; Krisztina Laszlo: Adsorption from aqueous phenol and 2,3,4-trichlorophenol solutions on nanoporous carbon; Kazue Kurihara: Alcohol clasterformation on silica surfaces in cyclohexane-alcohol binary liquids; Etelka Tombacz, Marta Szekeres: Effects of impurity and solid phase dissolution on surface charge titration of aluminum oxide; György Horanyi, Pal Joo: Radiotracer study of the specific adsorption of anions on oxides; D. Kovacevic, A. Cop, A. Bradetic, N. Kallay, A. Pohlmeier, H.-D. Narres: Interfacial equilibria at the goethite/water interface in presence of amino acids; B. Ruffmann, R. Zimehl: Liquid sorption and stability of polystyrene latices; R.Zimehl, M. Hannig: Adsorption onto tooth enamel: the biological interface and its modification; Zsofia Lengyel, Rita Földenyi: Adsorption of chloro acetanilide herbicides on hungarian soils; Istvan Paszli, Krisztina Laszlo: Stagnation phenomenon of solid / fluid interfaces; Mark Mielke, Ralf Zimehl: Determination of hydrophobicity of colloidal polymers; Farkas Andras, Imre Dekany: Interlamellar adsorption of organic pollutants on hydrophobic vermiculite; A. Dabrowski, P. Podkoscielny: Adsorption against pollution - current state and perspectives; Torsten Tector, Thomas Bahners, Eckhard Schollmeyer: Organically modified ceramics for coating textile materials; Nanostructured materials: K. Esumi, K. Torigoe: Preparation and characterization of noble metal nanoparticles using dendrimers as protective colloids; K. Mogyorosi, J. Nemeth, I. Dekany, J.H. Fendler: Preparation and characterization of TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles supported by layer silicates; Szilvia Papp, Imre Dekany: Palladium nanoparticles on disaggregated kaolinite lamellae; K. Landfester: Miniemulsion formulation; L. Vekas,D. Bica, I. Potencz, D. Gheorghe, O. Balau, M. Rasa: Concentration and composition dependence of rheological and magnetorheological properties of some magnetic fluids; F. Tiarks, M. Willert, K. Landfester, M. Antonietti: Controlled generation of nanosized structures in miniemulsions; Wolfram Hartl, Christian Beck: The glass transition and propagating transverse phonons in colloidal systems; N.M. Nagy, J. Konya, M. Beszeda, I. Beszeda, E. Kalman, Zs. Keresztes, K. Papp: Production of nano- and microstructures on clay minerals; Andras Pozsgay, Laszlo Papp, Bela Pukanszky: Polypropylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites; Christian Beck, Wolfram Hartl: Fullerenes as new colloidal model systems; V. Socoliuc, D. Bica: Experimental investigation of magnetic induced phase separation kinetics in aqueous ferrofluids; Surfactants, polymers. Imre Varga, Tibor Gilanyi, Robert Meszaros: Characterisation of ionic surfactant aggregates by activity measurements; Tibor Gilanyi, Robert Meszaros, Imre Varga: Determination of binding isotherms of ionic surfactants in polymer gels; Agnes Csiszar, Attila Bota Csaba Novak, Erwin Klumpp, Günter Subklew: Thermotropic and structural behaviour of DPPC/water liposomes; Aurel Marton, Yoshimobu Miyazaki: Correlation between equilibrium and NMR spectroscopic data in selectivity studies of cross-linkes ionic polymers; Laszlo Halasz, Zsolt Nemeth, Janos Palinkas, Tamas Horanyi, Attila Bota: Structural and viscoelastic properties of lamellar systems formed from concentrated nonionic surfactant solutions; Eva Kiss, C.N.C. Lam, Tran Minh Duc, E.I.Vargha-Butler: Surface characterization of polylactide/polyglycolide copolymers; H-G. Kilian, M. Koepf, V. Vettegran: Model of reversible aggregation universal features of fluctuating ensembles; Dirk Pawlowski, Bernd Tieke: Structure and phase behaviour during homo- and copolymerisation of (2-methacryloyloxyethyl)dodecyldimethyl-ammonium bromide in hexagonal lyotropic mesophase; Reka

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Book SynopsisIn this monograph, investigations of the electronic structures of the transition-metal oxides MnO, CoO, and NiO with spin-polarized electron energy-loss spectroscopy are presented and compared with other experimental and theoretical results. After a review of the present knowledge of the electronic structure of the monoxides, the spectroscopic method applied and its special advantages are described. The knowledge and use of the different spin, angle, and primary-energy dependences of the various relevant inelastic electron-scattering mechanisms provide new insights into the excitation processes of the optically forbidden transitions between the crystal-field-split 3d states of the bulk and of the surface.Table of ContentsElectronic Structure of MnO, CoO, and NiO.- Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy — Inelastic Electron Scattering.- Experiment.- SPEELS of Transition-Metal Oxides — Results and Discussion.- Summary.

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Table of ContentsApplications of neutron scattering in chemistry.- Transport mechanisms of light interstitials in metals.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents an analysis of limits in perception from the vantage point of the physicist, the engineer, the psychophysicist, the psychologist and the theorist. Limits in perception find their causal explanation at many logically and/or physically different levels. Some of the most fundamental bottlenecks are due to the quantum mechanical and atomistic structure of the microworld. Other simple constraints are due to the material constitution of sensory organs. For instance, the fact that the eye is predominantly composed of water limits both the optical quality and the available spectral window. The engineer uses knowledge on such limits to design equipment that optimizes human performance in daily life. Examples include room acoustics and visual displays. Psychophysicists and psychologists deal with limits on a quite different logical level. These limits constrain much of our perceptually guided behaviour. The book includes chapters on such topics as movement perception, binocular vision, illusory phenomena, language and perception, the perception of time. A few concluding chapters on fundamental limits imposed by information theoretical constraints on the coding and representation of sensed structure are included. Limits in Perception will be important reading material for scientists and/or engineers in the following fields: perception, experimental psychology, sensory biology, physics, neuroscience, human engineering, artificial intelligence, robotics, ophthalmology, audiology, psychonomics and ergonomics, remote sensing.Table of ContentsList of contributors, Prefacen, List of publications by M.A. Bouman, List of doctoral dissertations supervised by M.A. Bouman, PART 1: A PHYSICIST'S APPROACH TO THE LIMITS IN PERCEPTION, PART 2: AN ENGINEER'S APPROACH TO THE LIMITS IN PERCEPTION, PART 3: PSYCHOPHYSICAL APPROACHES TO THE LIMITS IN PERCEPTION, PART 4: PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE LIMITS IN PERCEPTION, PART 5: THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO THE LIMITS IN PERCEPTION, Subject index

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a concise introduction to soft matter modelling, together with an up-to-date review of the continuum mechanical description of soft and biological materials, from the basics to the latest scientific materials. It also includes multi-physics descriptions, such as chemo-, thermo-, and electro-mechanical coupling. The new edition includes a new chapter on fractures as well as numerous corrections, clarifications and new solutions. Based on a graduate course taught for the past few years at Technion, it presents original explanations for a number of standard materials, and features detailed examples to complement all topics discussed.Table of Contents

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Book SynopsisThis book highlights state-of-the-art qubit implementations in semiconductors and provides an extensive overview of this newly emerging field. Semiconductor nanostructures have huge potential as future quantum information devices as they provide various ways of qubit implementation (electron spin, electronic excitation) as well as a way to transfer quantum information from stationary qubits to flying qubits (photons). Therefore, this book unites contributions from leading experts in the field, reporting cutting-edge results on spin qubit preparation, read-out and transfer. The latest theoretical as well as experimental studies of decoherence in these quantum information systems are also provided. Novel demonstrations of complex flying qubit states and first applications of semiconductor-based quantum information devices are given, too.Trade Review"Undoubtedly the book represents the interest for scientists working in this field and related physics fields. It is not a textbook, but [a detailed study] of the suggested material is very important for postgraduate students specializing in the modern optics of nanosubjects and theorists studying quantum computer theory."—Igor A. Merkulov, University of Tennessee, USA"This book provides a timely summary of the state of the art from established groups around the world and will serve as a critical reference for researchers and students working to advance the frontier. The editors have done an excellent job in collecting and assembling the topics and authors for the most important areas."—Duncan G. Steel, University of Michigan, USATable of ContentsSpin and Charge Qubits; Qubit Control, Readout, and Transfer; Qubit Decoherence; Flying Qubits; Qubit Applications.

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Book SynopsisWhen the size and the shape of materials are reduced to the nanoscale dimension, their physical and chemical properties can change dramatically. This book demonstrates the controlled size and shape of nanostructured materials and their applications. The applications cover photocatalysts, biomedicals, nanomaterials, fuel cells and supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, light-emitting diodes, and field emission display. This book may be the first to clearly point out the relationship between the size and the structure of the materials, which strongly affects their properties. Understanding these control parameters has important technological implications for energy conversion and storage, biotechnology, lighting and display, and so forth. Trade Review"This interesting book presents studies on controlled size and shape of nanostructured materials. With a clear introduction of the magical physical and chemical changes brought about by the ‘nano’ version of materials, the author exemplifies many of their wide applications, including photocatalysts, biomedicals, nanomaterials, fuel cells and supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, light-emitting diodes, and field emission display. This is the right book for scientists and students who are looking for inspiration, perspectives, and the latest studies in this field."—Prof. Hongjie Zhang - Chinese Academy of Sciences, China"This book offers perspectives of controlled fabrication of nanostructured materials with an extensive collection of the most updated studies that encourage the use of nanostructured materials for a wide range of applications. Reading it certainly benefits readers’ understanding of the relationship between the structures and properties of nanomaterials and their new applications. An excellent reference for inspiring scientists and students."—Dr. Qiang Xu - National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan"This book represents an extensive collection of the most updated studies that cover tremendous nanosystems with controlled size and shape for a variety of applications such as energy conversion and storage, catalysis, biotechnology, lighting, and displays. The comprehensive perspectives will undoubtedly help gain deep insights into the relationship between the morphology (structure) and properties of functional nanomaterials, which remained nearly untouched. I believe such a timely and interesting text is invaluable and instructive, particularly for young scientists in this field."—Prof. Xueyuan Chen - Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China"This book offers readers some excellent resources of up-to-date knowledge on nanostructured materials with controlled size and shape according to their electrical, optical, and magnetic properties. Each chapter is prepared by internationally recognized experts in their respective fields. It is comprehensive and well written and will attract a broad range of readers in science and technology."—Dr. Jiujun Zhang - National Research Council of Canada, Vancouver, CanadaTable of ContentsAn introduction of Controlled Sizes and Shapes of Nanostructures and Their Applications. Visible Light Responsive Surface Structure Controlled TiO2 Nanoparticles. Controlled Shaping TiO2 for Efficient Photocatalysis. Shape and Particle Size Controlled for Water Splitting. Shaping and Particle Size Effect of TiO2 on the Cytotoxicity. Controlled Growth of Nanomaterials for the Biomedical Application. Shape Controlled (including particle, rod and star-shape) of Au Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications. Size and Shape-controlled Synthesis of Nanocrystals. Hybrid Inorganic Nanomaterials with Controlled Sizes and Shapes. Controlled Particle Size and Shape of Nanomaterials and Their Applications. Controlled Particle Size and Shape of Nanomaterials and Their Applications. Controlled Shape and Size of Nanocatalysts for Fuel Cells. Controlled Particle Size and Shape of Nanomaterials and Their Applications in Supercapacitors. Nano/composite Materials for Lithium-ion Batteries. Controlled Size and Shape of Graphene and Its Application in Li-ion Battery. Controlled Growth of Quantum Dots and their Application to Wavelength Converter for Light-emitting Diodes. Artificial Nanostructures with Controlled Sizes and Shapes.

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Book SynopsisRecently, there has been a surge of activity to elucidate the behavior of highly charged soft matter and Coulomb fluids in general. Such systems are ubiquitous, especially in biological matter where the length scale and the strength of the interaction between highly charged biomolecules are governed by strong electrostatic effects. Several interesting limits have been discovered in the parameter space of highly charged many-particle Coulomb matter where analytical progress is possible and completely novel and unexpected results have been obtained. One of the challenges in highly charged matter is to correctly describe systems with finite coupling strength in the transition regime between weak and strong couplings. After studying the fluctuations of both, several theories have been developed that describe this experimentally highly relevant regime. At the same time, computer simulation algorithms and computing power have advanced to the level where all-ion simulations, including many-body and polarization effects, are possible; the new theories thus can be subjected to numerical confirmation. Another important question is the effect of the structural disorder on electrostatic interactions. It has recently been demonstrated, both theoretically and experimentally, that charge disorder can impose long-range interaction between charged or even uncharged surfaces. These interactions might become very significant in biological processes. Filling a void in the literature, this volume cross-pollinates different theoretical and simulation approaches with new experiments and ties together the low temperature, high coupling constant, and disorder parameters in a unified description of the electrostatic interactions, which largely determine the stability and conformations of most important biological macromolecules.With striking graphical illustrations, the book presents a unified view of the current advances in the field of Coulomb (bio)colloidal systems, building on previous literature that summarized the field over 20 years ago. Leading scientists in the field offer a detailed introduction to different modern methods in statistical physics of Coulomb systems. They detail various approaches to elucidate the behavior of strongly charged soft matter. They also provide experimental and theoretical descriptions of disorder effects in Coulomb systems, which have not been discussed in any other book. Trade Review"This is a timely and illuminating volume, reviewing the state of the art of Coulombic fluids, and shedding some light on the counter-intuitive phenomena that emerge from Coulombic interactions. The book is in particular interesting because it reviews the fundamental role played by Coulombic interactions when macromolecules are dissolved in an aqueous milieu. An up-to-date introduction of the subject as well as advanced topics that will be welcome by students and researchers alike."Prof. David Andelman, Tel Aviv University, IsraelTable of ContentsSurprising Challenges. Dielectric Profiles and Ion-Specific Effects at Aqueous Interfaces. Coulomb interactions between Disordered Charge Distributions. Coarse-Grained Modeling of Charged Colloidal Suspensions: From Poisson-Boltzmann Theory to Effective Interactions. Dynamic Electric Response of Charged Fibrous Virus (fd) Suspensions: Interactions of Charged Colloidal Rods in AC Electric Fields. Many-Body Interactions in Volloidal Suspensions. Modeling DNA in Nanopores. Aspects of 1D Coulomb Gases. Hydration Repulsion between Polar Surfaces: An Atomistic Simulation Approach. Electrostatics in Electrolytes Expressed in an Exact Formalism Reminiscent of the Poisson-Boltzmann Picture. Interaction between Disordered Heterogeneous Charged Surfaces. Polarizable Surfaces: Weak and Strong Coupling Regimes. A Field Theory Approach for Modeling Electrostatic Interactions in Soft Matter. Legendre Transforms for Electrostatic Energies. Short-Range Disorder and Electrostatic Interactions in Macromolecules. Mean-Field Electrostatics of Still Rod-Like Ions. Extended Poisson–Boltzmann Descriptions of the Electrostatic Double Layer: Implications for Charged Particles at Interfaces. Modeling Electrokinetics through Varying Length and Time Scales. Physics of Counterion Mediated Attractions between Double-Stranded DNAs. Estimation of Solvation Electrostatic Free Energy of Biomolecular Systems by Numerical Solution of the Poisson-Boltzmann Equation. The Electrode-Ionic Liquid Interface: A Molecular Point of View. The Wigner Strong-Coupling Approach. Ionic Liquids and Ionic Liquid+Solvent Mixtures, Studied by Classical Density Functional Theory. Controlling the Fluid-Fluid Mixing-Demixing Phase Transition with Electric Fields. Statistical Thermodynamics of Supercapacitors and Blue Engines. Cluster Phases in Colloids and Proteins. Moderately Coupled Charged Fluids near Dielectric Interfaces and in Confinement.

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Book SynopsisInterferometric observations need snapshots of very high time resolution of the order of (i) frame integration of about 100 Hz or (ii) photon-recording rates of several megahertz (MHz). Detectors play a key role in astronomical observations, and since the explanation of the photoelectric effect by Albert Einstein, the technology has evolved rather fast. The present-day technology has made it possible to develop large-format complementary metal oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) and charge-coupled device (CCD) array mosaics, orthogonal transfer CCDs, electron-multiplication CCDs, electron-avalanche photodiode arrays, and quantum-well infrared (IR) photon detectors. The requirements to develop artifact-free photon shot noise-limited images are higher sensitivity and quantum efficiency, reduced noise that includes dark current, read-out and amplifier noise, smaller point-spread functions, and higher spectral bandwidth. This book aims to address such systems, technologies and design, evaluation and calibration, control electronics, scientific applications, and results.One of the fastest growing applications is signal sensing, especially wavefront sensing for adaptive optics and fringe tracking for interferometry, which is important for long-baseline optical interferometry. The coherence time of the atmosphere is a highly variable parameter. Depending upon the high velocity wind, it varies from <1 ms to 0.1 s. The exposure times are to be selected accordingly, to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio, as well as to freeze the fringe pattern. A large-format photon-counting system, which is an essential tool in the application of optical interferometric imaging, allows accurate photon centroiding and provides the dynamic range needed for measurements of source characteristics. The advent of high-quantum efficiency photon-counting systems vastly increases the sensitivity of high-resolution imaging techniques. Such systems raise the hope of making diffraction-limited images of objects as faint as ~15–16 m_v (visual magnitude).This book deals with the fundamentals of the important aspects of high-resolution imaging, such as electromagnetic radiations, particularly, optical wavelengths and their distortions due to optical elements and Earth’s atmosphere while passing through a detector; semiconductor physics; lasers; fiber optics; photon-detection process; photodetectors; charge-transfer devices; photon-counting devices in visible wavelength; radiation detectors in infrared wavelengths; and detecting systems for high energies.Trade Review"This unique book describes the current evolution of astronomical instruments in the way of high-resolution observations. The book nicely specifies the special requirements for detectors, which must respond fast for mitigating the degrading effect of the atmospheric turbulence. It should be of interest to professional and amateur astronomers, particularly those who may want to attempt forms of high-resolution observation, some of which are becoming widely accessible."—Antoine Labeyrie, Emeritus Professor, Collège de France, France"Prof. Saha has done a splendid job by presenting a succinct description of the principles and applications of radiation detectors used for high-resolution imaging in visible and infrared astronomy. The scope of the book, however, extends to all areas of high-resolution imaging, and the book will be a welcome addition to the library of anyone interested in learning about the state of the art in the field."—Prof. Lakshminarayan Hazra, University of Calcutta, India"In the present volume, Saha has used his expertise in instrumentation and data analysis to expand his horizons to a wider range of high-resolution imaging techniques, essential characteristics of detectors and control electronics, and other wavelength ranges and kinds of astronomical sources. This book will be a valuable resource for astronomers and students involved in the design of modern instrumentation and attempting to take and make use of data with instrumentation that they did not design."—Prof. Virginia Trimble, University of California, Irvine, USATable of ContentsIntroducing topological insulators: Mind the time reversal. Two-dimensional topological insulators. Two-dimensional topological insulators in quantizing magnetic fields. Three-dimensional topological insulators. Unconventional superconductivity and Majorana fermions in topological insulators.

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Book SynopsisIn the recent decades, laser cooling or optical refrigeration—a physical process by which a system loses its thermal energy as a result of interaction with laser light—has garnered a great deal of scientific interest due to the importance of its applications. Optical solid-state coolers are one such application. They are free from liquids as well as moving parts that generate vibrations and introduce noise to sensors and other devices. They are based on reliable laser diode pump systems. Laser cooling can also be used to mitigate heat generation in high-power lasers.This book compiles and details cutting-edge research in laser cooling done by various scientific teams all over the world that are currently revolutionizing optical refrigerating technology. It includes recent results on laser cooling by redistribution of radiation in dense gas mixtures, three conceptually different approaches to laser cooling of solids such as cooling with anti-Stokes fluorescence, Brillouin cooling, and Raman cooling. It also discusses crystal growth and glass production for laser cooling applications. This book will appeal to anyone involved in laser physics, solid-state physics, low-temperature physics or cryogenics, materials research, development of temperature sensors, or infrared detectors.Trade Review"This book provides a timely and useful collection of articles on optical refrigeration science that complements the earlier books on this subject. It covers a wide range of topics, including laser cooling in dense gases, radiation-balanced lasers, novel cooling methods, and laser cooling in semiconductors. It should serve as a valuable reference for the scientists and graduate students studying this emerging interdisciplinary field."—Prof. Mansoor Sheik-Bahae, The University of New Mexico, USA"This book presents a significant overview of the entire field of laser cooling of bulk matter, with many new results and recent novel directions of investigation. It is written by a large number of well-qualified experts, covering a broad range of ideas, particularly with clear figures and well-organized tables. It would make an excellent reference for spectroscopists, condensed matter physicists, crystallographers, and laser scientists." —Prof. Carl E. Mungan, United States Naval Academy, USATable of ContentsLaser Cooling of Dense Gases by Collisional Redistribution of Radiation. Laser Cooling in Rare Earth Doped Glasses and Crystals. Progress toward Laser Cooling of Thulium-Doped Fibers. Laser Cooling of Solids around 2.07 Microns: A Theoretical Investigation. Optically Cooled Lasers. Methods for Laser Cooling of Solids. Deep Laser Cooling of Rare-Earth Doped Crystals by Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage. Bulk Cooling Efficiency Measurements of Yb Doped Fluoride Single Crystals and Energy-Transfer Assisted Anti-Stokes Cooling in Co-doped Fluorides. Interferometric Measurement of Laser Induced Temperature Changes. Fluoride Glasses and Fibers. Crystal Growth of Fluoride Single Crystals for Optical Refrigeration. Microscopic Theory of Optical Refrigeration of Semiconductors. Coulomb-Assisted Laser Cooling of Piezoelectric Semiconductors.

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Book SynopsisThe literature so far has reviewed only single-crystal and, up to some extent, optical ceramic scintillators. This book introduces and describes in detail the research and development in thin film scintillators, glass ceramics, as well as nanocomposite and optical ceramics prepared by spark plasma sintering. It also features example of an in-depth study of a ZnO-based powder phosphor material. Both technology description and various characterization aspects are provided together with application hints.No other book has been published so far that includes and reviews the scintillator materials covered in this book with their specific technologies. Moreover, technological description is merged with detailed characterization, and the application potential is discussed as well. This book is intended for a wide audience, including postgraduate and PhD students and scientists working in the field of scintillators and phosphors. The extended introductory text, which has a textbook character, will be of immense benefit to students and non-specialists, too.Trade Review"This book gives an excellent introduction to all aspects involving scintillators. More importantly, it provides an in-depth review of rapid recent developments that have changed the field of scintillators. The transition from expensive single-crystal scintillators towards new, more versatile and cheaper scintillator manufacturing methods are comprehensively discussed by leading experts in the field. The book is a timely contribution that provides the first comprehensive overview of game-changing developments in the field of scintillators in the past two decades. For both experts in the field and people entering the field of scintillators the book is an indispensable source of information."—Prof. Andries Meijerink, Utrecht University, The Netherlands"This is a timely book as a number of enabling technologies have revolutionized the science of scintillators in the last two decades. What was considered as interesting theoretical speculation until recently is now feasible through impressive technological breakthroughs, in particular in the domain of nanotechnologies. The emergence of scintillators in the form of nanocomposites, ceramics, and thin films opens completely new perspectives for novel designs of radiation detectors in a large domain of applications. This book, by one of the best experts worldwide, will be a reference for a new generation of students and scientists interested in the fundamentals of the science of scintillators as well as in the development of scintillator-based detectors for various applications." —Prof. Paul Lecoq, CERN, SwitzerlandTable of ContentsIntroduction@fundamentals. Nanoparticle Scintillators, Nanocomposites. Glass Ceramic Scintillators. Ceramic Scintillators by Spark Plasma Sintering Technology. Thin-Film Scintillators by Liquid Phase Epitaxy. Pb2+ and Bi3+ Centers in Complex Oxide Thin Films Prepared by Liquid Phase Epitaxy. ZnO-based Powder Phosphors.

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