Condensed matter physics Books
Springer CarbonBased Nanocomposites for Sustainable Applications Volume II
Book Synopsis1 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Solar Cells.- 2 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Chemical Batteries.- 3 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Supercapacitors.- 4 The Role of Carbon-Based Nanocomposites in Energy Harnessing Applications.- 5 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Hydrogen Storage.- 6 Advances in Carbon-Based Nanocomposite for Thermoelectric Applications.- 7 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Water Purification: Mechanisms, Applications, and Future Prospects.- 8 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Environmental Monitoring.- 9 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Solar Steam Evaporation.- 10 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Air Pollution Control.- 11 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Degradation of Microplastic: Current Advances and Future Perspectives.- 12 Carbon-Based Nano Sensors for the Detection of Pollutants.- 13 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Ecological Surveillance.- 14 Revolutionizing Environmental Remediation Through Carbon-Based Nanocomposites.- 15 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Ecosystem Remediation: The AI Approach.- 16 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Pharmaceutical Contaminants Degradation in Water Sources.- 17 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Photoluminescence Applications.- 18 Variation of H2O2 Concentration and Its Effect on Structural, Optical and Morphological Properties of Graphene Synthesized Using Electrochemical Method.
£113.99
Springer-Verlag GmbH A Journey from Nanotechnology to Picotechnology
£151.99
Springer Concepts in Quantum ManyBody Physics
Book SynopsisIntroducing the Many-body Problem.- Basic Information.- Mean-field.- Solutions Without Approximations.- Theories Inspired to Quantum Field Theories.- Occupation Number.- Perturbation Theory of Many-body Systems.- Goldstone Theorem.- Brueckner Theory.- Green’s Function.- Perturbative Description of the Green’s.- Theories Inspired to Statistical Mechanics.- Correlated Basis Function Theory.- Unitary Correlation Operator Method.- The Coupled Cluster Method.- Phenomenological Theories.- Effective Theories.- Mean-field Applications of the Variational Principle.- Excited States.- The Fermi Liquid Theory.
£66.49
De Gruyter Fracture Mechanics in Layered and Graded Solids: Analysis Using Boundary Element Methods
Book SynopsisMechanical responses of solid materials are governed by their material properties. The solutions for estimating and predicting the mechanical responses are extremely difficult, in particular for non-homogeneous materials. Among these, there is a special type of materials whose properties are variable only along one direction, defined as graded materials or functionally graded materials (FGMs). Examples are plant stems and bones. Artificial graded materials are widely used in mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, biological engineering, and electronic engineering. This work covers and develops boundary element methods (BEM) to investigate the properties of realistic graded materials. It is a must have for practitioners and researchers in materials science, both academic and in industry. Covers analysis of properties of graded materials. Presents solutions based methods for analysis of fracture mechanics. Presents two types of boundary element methods for layered isotropic materials and transversely isotropic materials. Written by two authors with extensive international experience in academic and private research and engineering.Table of ContentsChapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Fundamentals of elasticity and fracture mechanics Chapter 3 Solutions of three-dimensional layered materials Chapter 4 Solution based boundary element methods of static elasticity Chapter 5 The multi-domain boundary element method for fracture mechanics Chapter 6 Solutions based dual boundary element method for fracture mechanics Chapter 7 Penny-shaped and elliptical cracks in functionally graded solids Chapter 8 Rectangular cracks in layered and functionally graded solids Chapter 9 Fracture mechanics of transversely isotropic bimaterials Chapter 10 Conclusions and remarks
£144.40
De Gruyter Materials Chemistry: For Scientists and Engineers
Book SynopsisThis book is an introductory work on the broad topics included in Materials Science. It encompasses a number of different materials classes and properties with a focus on the structure-property relationships between them. Each class of materials will include and discuss recycling techniques and other green methods of production. Materials Chemistry: For Scientists and Engineers is ideal for all newcomers to the fi eld as well as for those seeking a knowledge of solid state chemistry.
£81.70
De Gruyter High-Temperature Superconductivity: Bipolaron Mechanism
Book SynopsisHigh temperature superconducting theory drew controversy after the discovery of superconductors at close to room temperatures. However, a consistent microscopic theory of HT superconductivity based on bipolaron mechanism leads to a better understanding of microscopic and macroscopic description. By presenting aspects of superconductivity now joined in a strict theory rather than separate models this work is especially useful for graduate students.
£72.68
Springer International Publishing AG Solid Surfaces, Interfaces and Thin Films
Book SynopsisThis book emphasises both experimental and theoretical aspects of surface, interface and thin-film physics. As in previous editions the preparation of surfaces and thin films, their atomic and morphological structure, their vibronic and electronic properties as well as fundamentals of adsorption are treated. Because of their importance in modern information technology and nanostructure research, particular emphasis is paid to electronic surface and interface states, semiconductor space charge layers and heterostructures. A special chapter of the book is devoted to collective phenomena at interfaces and in thin films such as superconductivity and magnetism. The latter topic includes the meanwhile important issues giant magnetoresistance and spin-transfer torque mechanism, both effects being of high interest in information technology. In this new edition, for the first time, the effect of spin-orbit coupling on surface states is treated. In this context the class of the recently detected topological insulators, materials of significant importance for spin electronics, are discussed. Particular emphasis, hereby, is laid on the new type of topologically protected surface states with well-defined spin orientation. Furthermore, some important well established experimental techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and reflection anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS), which were missing so far in earlier editions, were added in this new 6th edition of the book.Table of ContentsSurface and Interface Physics: Its Definition and Importance.- Preparation of Well-Defined Surfaces, Interfaces and Thin Films.- Morphology and Structure of Surfaces, Interfaces and Thin Films.- Scattering from Surfaces and Thin Films.- Surface Phonons.- Electronic Surface States.- Space-Charge Layers at Semiconductor Inferfaces.- Metal–Semiconductor Junctions and Semiconductor Heterostructures.- Collective Phenomena at Interfaces:Superconductivity and Ferromagnetism.- Adsorption on Solid Surfaces.
£102.61
Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Surface and Thin Film Analysis: A Compendium of Principles, Instrumentation, and Applications
Book SynopsisSurveying and comparing all techniques relevant for practical applications in surface and thin film analysis, this second edition of a bestseller is a vital guide to this hot topic in nano- and surface technology. This new book has been revised and updated and is divided into four parts - electron, ion, and photon detection, as well as scanning probe microscopy. New chapters have been added to cover such techniques as SNOM, FIM, atom probe (AP),and sum frequency generation (SFG). Appendices with a summary and comparison of techniques and a list of equipment suppliers make this book a rapid reference for materials scientists, analytical chemists, and those working in the biotechnological industry. From a Review of the First Edition (edited by Bubert and Jenett) "... a useful resource..." (Journal of the American Chemical Society)Trade Review"...a useful resource..." Journal of the American Chemical SocietyTable of ContentsPreface INTRODUCTION PART I: Electron Detection X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY (XPS) Principles Instrumentation Spectral Information and Chemical Shifts Quantification, Depth Profiling, and Imaging The Auger Parameter Applications Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS) AUGER ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY (AES) Principles Instrumentation Spectral Information Quantification and Depth Profiling Applications Scanning Auger Microscopy (SAM) ELECTRON ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY (EELS) AND ENERGY-FILTERING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (EFTEM) Principles Instrumentation Qualitative Spectral Information Quantification Imaging of Element Distribution Summary LOW-ENERGY ELECTRON DIFFRACTION (LEED) Principles and History Qualitative Information Quantitative Structural Information Low-Energy Electron Microscopy OTHER ELECTRON-DETECTING TECHNIQUES Ion (Excited) Auger Electron Spectroscopy (IAES) Ion Neutralization Spectroscopy (INS) Inelastic Electron Tunneling Spectroscopy (IETS) PART II: Ion Detection STATIC SECONDARY ION MASS SPECTROMETRY (SSIMS) Principles Instrumentation Quantification Spectral Information Applications DYNAMIC SECONDARY ION MASS SPECTROMETRY (SIMS) Principles Instrumentation Spectral Information Quantification Mass Spectra Depth Profiles Imaging Three-Dimensional (3-D)-SIMS Applications ELECTRON-IMPACT (EI) SECONDARY NEUTRAL MASS SPECTROMETRY (SNMS) Introduction General Principles of SNMS Instrumentation and Methods Spectral Information and Quantification Element Depth Profiling Applications LASER SECONDARY NEUTRAL MASS SPECTROMETRY (LASER-SNMS) Principles Instrumentation Spectral Information Quantification Applications RUTHERFORD BACKSCATTERING SPECTROSCOPY (RBS) Introduction Principles Instrumentation Spectral Information Quantification Figures of Merit Applications Related Techniques LOW-ENERGY ION SCATTERING (LEIS) Principles Instrumentation LEIS Information Quantification Applications of LEIS ELASTIC RECOIL DETECTION ANALYSIS (ERDA) Introduction Fundamentals Particle Identification Methods Equipment Data Analysis Sensitivity and Depth Resolution Applications NUCLEAR REACTION ANALYSIS (NRA) Introduction Principles Equipment and Depth Resolution Applications FIELD ION MICROSCOPY (FIM) AND ATOM PROBE (AP) Introduction Principles and Instrumentation Applications OTHER ION-DETECTING TECHNIQUES Desorption Methods Glow-Discharge Mass Spectroscopy (GD-MS) Fast-Atom Bombardment Mass Spectroscopy (FABMS) PART III: Photon Detection TOTAL-REFLECTION X-RAY DLUORESCENCE (TXRF) ANALYSIS Principles Instrumentation Spectral Information Quantification Applications ENERGY-DISPERSIVE X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY (EDXS) Principles Practical Aspects of X-Ray Microanalysis and Instrumentation Qualitative Spectral Information Quantification Imaging and Element Distribution Summary GRAZING INCIDENCE X-RAY METHODS FOR NEAR-SURFACE STRUCTURAL STUDIES Principles Experimental Techniques and Data Analysis Applications GLOW DISCHARGE OPTICAL EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY (GD-OES) Principles Instrumentation Spectral Information Quantification Depth Profiling Applications SURFACE ANALYSIS BY LASER ABLATION Introduction Instrumentation Depth Profiling Near-Field Ablation Conclusion ION BEAM SPECTROCHEMICAL ANALYSIS (IBSCA) Principles Instrumentation Spectral and Analytical Information Quantitative Analysis by IBSCA Applications REFLECTION ABSORPTION IR SPECTROSCOPY (RAIRS) Instrumentation Principles Applications Related Techniques SURFACE RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY Principles Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Instrumentation Spectral Information Quantification Applications Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy UV-VIS-IR ELLIPSOMETRY (ELL) Principles Instrumentation Applications SUM FREQUENCY GENERATION (SFG) SPECTROSCOPY Introduction to SFG Spectroscopy SFG Theory SFG Instrumentation and Operation Modes Applications of SFG Spectroscopy and Selected Case Studies Conclusion OTHER PHOTON-DETECTING TECHNIQUES Appearance Potential Methods Inverse Photoemission Spectroscopy (IPES) and Bremsstrahlung PART IV: Scanning Probe Microscopy INTRODUCTION ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY (AFM) Principles Further Modes of AFM Operations Instrumentation Applications SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY (STM) Principles Instrumentation Lateral and Spectroscopy Information Applications SCANNING NEAR-FIELD OPTICAL MICROSCOPY (SNOM) Introduction Instrumentation and Operation SNOM Applications Outlook APPENDIX Summary and Comparison of Techniques Surface and Thin-Film Analytical Equipment Suppliers
£143.95
Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Fundamentals of Amorphous Solids: Structure and Properties
Book SynopsisLong awaited, this textbook fills the gap for convincing concepts to describe amorphous solids. Adopting a unique approach, the author develops a framework that lays the foundations for a theory of amorphousness. He unravels the scientific mysteries surrounding the topic, replacing rather vague notions of amorphous materials as disordered crystalline solids with the well-founded concept of ideal amorphous solids. A classification of amorphous materials into inorganic glasses, organic glasses, glassy metallic alloys, and thin films sets the scene for the development of the model of ideal amorphous solids, based on topology- and statistics-governed rules of three-dimensional sphere packing, which leads to structures with no short, mid or long-range order. This general model is then concretized to the description of specific compounds in the four fundamental classes of amorphous solids, as well as amorphous polyethylene and poly(methyl)methacrylate, emphasizing its versatility and descriptive power. Finally, he includes example applications to indicate the abundance of amorphous materials in modern-day technology, thus illustrating the importance of a better understanding of their structure and properties. Equally ideal as supplementary reading in courses on crystallography, mineralogy, solid state physics, and materials science where amorphous materials have played only a minor role until now.Table of ContentsPreface SPHERES, CLUSTERS AND PACKING OF SPHERES Introduction Geometry of Spheres Geometry of Clusters Geometry of Sphere Packings Ideal Amorphous Aolid (IAS) Construction of an Ideal Amorphous Solid Class I Elementary Theory of Amorphousness Classes of Ideal Amorphous Solids Imperfections in IAS CHARACTERISTICS OF SPHERE PACKINGS Geometrical Properties X-Ray Scattering Glass Transition Measured by Calorimetry GLASSY MATERIALS AND IDEAL AMORPHOUS SOLIDS Introduction Summary of Models of Amorphous Solids IAS Model of a-Argon IAS Model of a-NiNb Alloy IAS Model of a-MgCuGd Alloy IAS Model of a-ZrTiCuNiBe Alloy IAS Model of a-Polyethylene (a-PE) IAS Model of a-Silica (a-SiO2) Chalcogenide Glasses Concluding Remarks MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR Introduction Elasticity Elastic Properties of Amorphous Solids Fracture Plasticity Plasticity in Plasticity: Amorphous Solids Superplasticity Viscoelasticity Index
£68.35
Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Foundations of Solid State Physics: Dimensionality and Symmetry
Book SynopsisAn essential guide to solid state physics through the lens of dimensionality and symmetry Foundations of Solid State Physics introduces the essential topics of solid state physics as taught globally with a focus on understanding the properties of solids from the viewpoint of dimensionality and symmetry. Written in a conversational manner and designed to be accessible, the book contains a minimal amount of mathematics. The authors?noted experts on the topic?offer an insightful review of the basic topics, such as the static and dynamic lattice in real space, the reciprocal lattice, electrons in solids, and transport in materials and devices. The book also includes more advanced topics: the quasi-particle concept (phonons, solitons, polarons, excitons), strong electron-electron correlation, light-matter interactions, and spin systems. The authors' approach makes it possible to gain a clear understanding of conducting polymers, carbon nanotubes, nanowires, two-dimensional chalcogenides, perovskites and organic crystals in terms of their expressed dimension, topological connectedness, and quantum confinement. This important guide: -Offers an understanding of a variety of technology-relevant solid-state materials in terms of their dimension, topology and quantum confinement -Contains end-of-chapter problems with different degrees of difficulty to enhance understanding -Treats all classical topics of solid state physics courses - plus the physics of low-dimensional systems Written for students in physics, material sciences, and chemistry, lecturers, and other academics, Foundations of Solid State Physics explores the basic and advanced topics of solid state physics with a unique focus on dimensionality and symmetry. Table of ContentsPreface xiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Dimensionality 2 1.2 Approaching Dimensionality from Outside and from Inside 4 1.3 Dimensionality of Carbon: Solids 8 1.3.1 Three-Dimensional Carbon: Diamond 10 1.3.2 Two-Dimensional Carbon: Graphite and Graphene 10 1.3.3 One-Dimensional Carbon: Cumulene, Polycarbyne, and Polyene 12 1.3.4 Zero-Dimensional Carbon: Fullerene 13 1.4 Something in Between: Topology 14 1.5 More Peculiarities of Dimension: One Dimension 16 1.6 Summary 19 Exploring Concepts 20 References 26 2 One-Dimensional Substances 29 2.1 A15 Compounds 32 2.2 Krogmann Salts 37 2.3 Alchemists’ Gold 40 2.4 Bechgaard Salts and Other Charge-Transfer Compounds 42 2.5 Polysulfurnitride 45 2.6 Phthalocyanines and Other Macrocycles 47 2.7 Transition Metal Chalcogenides and Halides 48 2.8 Halogen-Bridged Mixed-Valence Transition Metal Complexes 50 2.9 Returning to Carbon 52 2.9.1 Conducting Polymers 53 2.9.2 Carbon Nanotubes 55 2.10 Perovskites 59 2.11 Topological States 61 2.12 What Did We Forget? 62 2.12.1 Poly-deckers 62 2.12.2 Polycarbenes 63 2.12.3 Isolated, Freestanding Nanowires 63 2.12.4 Templates and Filled Pores 64 2.12.5 Asymmetric Growth Using Catalysts 65 2.12.6 Gated Semiconductor Quantum Wires 66 2.12.7 Few-Atom Metal Nanowires 66 2.13 A Summary of Our Materials 68 Exploring Concepts 69 References 69 3 Order and Symmetry: The Lattice 75 3.1 The Correlation Function 76 3.2 The Real Space Crystal Lattice and Its Basis 77 3.2.1 Using a Coordinate System 81 3.2.2 Surprises in Two-Dimensional Lattices 86 3.2.3 The One-Dimensional Lattice 91 3.2.4 Polymers as One-Dimensional Lattices 92 3.2.5 Carbon Nanotubes as One-Dimensional Lattices 93 3.3 Bonding and Binding 94 3.4 Spatial Symmetries Are Not Enough: Time Crystals 101 3.5 Summary 102 Exploring Concepts 103 References 110 4 The Reciprocal Lattice 111 4.1 Describing Objects Using Momentum and Energy 111 4.1.1 Constructing the Reciprocal Lattice 112 4.1.2 The Unit Cell 114 4.2 The Reciprocal Lattice and Scattering 116 4.2.1 General Scattering 116 4.2.2 Real Systems 120 4.2.3 Applying This to Real One-Dimensional Systems 123 4.3 A Summary of the Reciprocal Lattice 125 Exploring Concepts 126 References 128 5 The Dynamic Lattice 129 5.1 Crystal Vibrations and Phonons 130 5.1.1 A Simple One-Dimensional Model 133 5.1.1.1 A Model 133 5.1.1.2 Long Wavelength Vibrations 136 5.1.1.3 Short Wavelength Vibrations 137 5.1.1.4 More Atoms in the Basis 137 5.1.2 More Dimensions 139 5.2 Quantum Considerations with Phonons 143 5.2.1 Conservation of Crystal Momentum 144 5.2.2 General Scattering 144 5.3 Phonons Yield Thermal Properties 147 5.3.1 Internal Energy and Phonons 148 5.3.2 Models of Energy Distribution: f p(𝜔) and 𝜔K,p 150 5.3.2.1 DuLong and Petit: Equipartition of Energy 150 5.3.2.2 Einstein and Quantum Statistics 151 5.3.2.3 Debye and the Spectral Analysis 152 5.3.3 The Debye Approximation 156 5.3.4 Generalizations of the Density of States 159 5.3.5 Other Thermal Properties: Thermal Transport 161 5.4 Anharmonic Effects 162 5.5 Summary of Phonons 168 Exploring Concepts 168 References 172 6 Electrons in Solids 173 Evolving Pictures 174 Superconductors 176 6.1 Properties of Electrons: A Review 176 6.1.1 Electrons Travel as Waves 176 6.1.1.1 Delocalization 176 6.1.1.2 Localization 178 6.1.2 Electrons Arrive as Particles: Statistics 178 6.1.3 The Fermi Surface 180 6.2 On to the Models 181 6.2.1 The Free-Electron Model 181 6.2.2 Nearly Free Electrons, Energy Bands, Energy Gaps, Density of States 184 6.2.2.1 Bloch’s Theorem 185 6.2.2.2 The Nearly Free 1D Model 185 6.2.2.3 Analyzing the 1D Nearly Free Solutions 187 6.2.2.4 Extending Dispersion Curves to 3D 190 6.2.3 Tight Binding or Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals 191 6.2.3.1 The Formalism 193 6.2.3.2 The s-Band 194 6.2.3.3 s Bands in One Dimension 195 6.2.3.4 s Bands in Two Dimensions 195 6.2.3.5 s Bands in Three Dimensions 196 6.2.4 What About Orbitals Other Than s? 197 6.2.4.1 Building Bands in a Polymer 198 6.2.4.2 Bonding and Antibonding States 198 6.2.4.3 The Polyenes 199 6.2.4.4 Translating to Bloch’s Theorem 203 6.2.5 Tight Binding with a Basis 206 6.2.5.1 Hybridization 209 6.2.5.2 Graphene: A Two-Dimensional Example 211 6.2.5.3 Carbon Nanotubes 213 6.3 Are We Done Yet? 215 6.4 Summary 217 Exploring Concepts 218 References 223 7 Electrons in Solids Part II: Spatial Heterogeneity 225 7.1 Heterogeneity: Band-Level Diagrams and the Contact 226 7.2 Heterogeneity in Semiconductors 229 7.2.1 Semiconductors: Bandgaps and Doping 230 7.2.1.1 Band-Level Diagrams 230 7.2.1.2 Doping 230 7.2.1.3 Carrier Concentrations in Intrinsic and Doped Semiconductors 235 7.2.1.4 The Fermi Level vs. the Chemical Potential 239 7.2.1.5 Spectroscopy of the Dopant Levels 240 7.2.1.6 Carbon Does Not “Dope” Like Si 242 7.2.2 Junctions with Semiconductors 244 7.3 Other Types of Heterogeneity 249 7.4 Summary 251 Exploring Concepts 251 References 257 8 Electrons Moving in Solids 259 8.1 Phenomenology of Electron Dynamics in a Material 259 8.1.1 Free-Electron Metals 259 8.1.2 The Free-Electron Metal as a Fluid 262 8.1.3 Temperature and Conductivity 264 8.2 The Semiclassical Approach: The Boltzmann Equation 267 8.2.1 The Sources of Electron Scattering 267 8.2.2 The Nonequilibrium Distribution Function 268 8.2.3 The Relaxation Time 𝜏 268 8.2.4 The Differential Equation for g(r; k; t) 268 8.2.5 Introducing Collisions 269 8.2.6 The Relaxation Time Approximation 270 8.2.7 Isotropic Scattering from Stationary States 271 8.2.8 A Simple Example: Ohm’s Law 271 8.2.9 Parabolic Bands 272 8.2.10 Another Simple Example: AC Conductivity and Linear Response 273 8.2.11 An Example with Anisotropy: 𝜇 = 𝜇(r) and ∇rT ≠ 0 273 8.2.12 The Seebeck Effect and Thermopower 274 8.2.13 A Final Example: Static E and B Applied but 𝜇 ≠𝜇(r) and ∇rT = 0 277 8.2.14 The Hall Effect and Magnetotransport 279 8.2.15 The Curious Case of Al 280 8.3 Coherent Transport: The Landauer–Büttiker Approach 281Contents ix 8.4 General Remarks on Measurements 283 8.4.1 Simple Conductivity 283 8.4.2 Conductivity of Small Particles 287 8.4.3 Conductivity of High Impedance Samples 288 8.4.4 Conductivity Measurements Without Contacts 289 8.5 Complications: Localization, Hopping, and General Bad Behavior 290 8.6 Summary 293 Exploring Concepts 293 References 297 9 Polarons, Solitons, Excitons, and Conducting Polymers 301 9.1 Distortions, Instabilities, and Transitions in One Dimension 303 9.1.1 Coupling Charge with the Lattice 303 9.1.2 Peierls Instability 305 9.1.3 Results of Peierls in Real Systems 308 9.1.3.1 Phonon Softening and the Kohn Anomaly 308 9.1.3.2 Fermi Surface Warping 309 9.2 Conjugation and the Double Bond 310 9.3 Conjugational Defects 313 9.4 The Soliton 317 9.4.1 Doping 319 9.4.2 Quasiparticles 320 9.5 Generation of Solitons 325 9.6 Nondegenerate Ground-State Polymers: Polarons 328 9.7 Fractional Charges 332 9.8 Soliton Lifetime 334 9.9 Conductivity and Solitons 337 9.10 Fibril Conduction 341 9.11 Hopping Conductivity: Variable Range Hopping vs. Fluctuation-Assisted Tunneling 345 9.12 Highly Conducting Polymers 353 9.13 Magnetoresistance 354 9.14 Organic Molecular Devices 360 9.14.1 Molecular Switches 360 9.14.2 LB Diodes 363 9.14.3 Organic Light-Emitting Diodes 364 9.14.3.1 Fundamentals of OLEDs 366 9.14.3.2 Materials for OLEDs 370 9.14.3.3 Designs for OLEDs 371 9.14.3.4 Performance of OLEDs 372 9.14.4 Field-Induced Organic Emitters 373 9.14.5 Organic Lasers and Organic Light-Emitting Transistors 376 9.14.5.1 Current Densities 379 9.14.5.2 Contacts 379 9.14.5.3 Polarons and Triplets 379 9.14.6 Organic Solar Cells 380 9.14.7 Organic Field-Effect Transistors 384 9.14.8 Organic Thermoelectrics 385 9.15 Summary 387 Exploring Concepts 388 References 390 10 Correlation and Coupling 403 10.1 The Metal-to-Insulator Transition and the Mott Insulator 403 10.1.1 The Hamiltonian 406 10.1.2 The Lattice and Antiferromagnetic Ordering 407 10.1.3 Other Considerations: The Particle-Hole Symmetry (PHS) 407 10.1.4 The Hubbard Model in Lower Dimensions 408 10.1.5 Real One-Dimensional Mott Systems 410 10.2 The Superconductor 411 10.2.1 The Basic Phenomena 411 10.2.1.1 In What Compounds Has Superconductivity Been Observed? 415 10.2.2 A Basic Model 415 10.2.2.1 How Does an Attractive Potential Show Up Between Two Negatively Charged Particles? 416 10.2.2.2 Cooper Pair Binding 418 10.2.2.3 The BCS Ground State 420 10.2.2.4 Supplementary Thoughts 425 10.2.3 Superconductivity Measurements Are Tricky 428 10.2.4 Superconductivity and Dimensionality 430 10.2.5 More on Organic Superconductors 431 10.2.5.1 One-Dimensional Organic Superconductors 432 10.2.5.2 Two-Dimensional Organic Superconductors 435 10.2.5.3 Three-Dimensional Organic Superconductors 436 10.2.6 Trends 438 10.3 The Charge Density Wave 440 10.3.1 The Charge DensityWave and Peierls 440 10.3.1.1 Modulation of the Electron and Mass Densities 441 10.3.1.2 Starting with Polymers 441 10.3.1.3 A Gap Is Introduced 442 10.3.1.4 The Order Parameter 442 10.3.1.5 Phase Dynamics, Pinning, Commensurability, and Solitons 442 10.3.2 Peierls and Coulomb Interactions: Spin Interactions 446 10.3.2.1 4kF Charge DensityWaves 446 10.3.2.2 Spin PeierlsWaves 448 10.3.2.3 Spin DensityWaves 448 10.3.3 Phonon Dispersion: Phase and Amplitude in CDWs 450 10.3.4 More on Peierls–Fröhlich Mechanisms 452 10.3.5 Spin DensityWaves and the Quantized Hall Effect 453 10.4 Plasmons 454 10.4.1 The Drude Model and the Dielectric Function 454 10.4.2 The Significance of the Plasma Frequency 455 10.5 Composite Particles and Quasiparticles: A Summary 457 Exploring Concepts 457 References 458 Intermission 465 11 Magnetic Interactions 467 11.1 Magnetism of the Atom 469 11.2 The Crystal Field 472 11.3 Magnetism in Condensed Systems 474 11.3.1 Paramagnetism 474 11.3.1.1 Curie Paramagnets 476 11.3.1.2 The Weiss Correction 477 11.3.1.3 Free-Electron Magnets 478 11.3.2 Diamagnetism 479 11.4 Dia- and Para-Foundations of Other Magnets 481 11.5 Mechanisms of Interaction: Spin Models 482 11.5.1 The Mean Field Model 483 11.5.2 Ising, Heisenberg, XY, and Hopfield 483 11.5.2.1 Ising Models 483 11.5.2.2 Heisenberg Models 485 11.5.2.3 XY models 485 11.5.2.4 Hopfield Models 487 11.5.3 SpinWave and Magnons 488 11.5.3.1 SpinWaves 488 11.5.3.2 Thermodynamics 491 11.5.3.3 The Particle Nature of Magnons 493 11.5.3.4 Stoner Excitations 494 11.5.3.5 Coupling to the Electromagnetic Field: Magnon–Photon Coupling 494 11.6 More Complicated Situations 494 11.6.1 Double Exchange 494 11.6.2 Super Exchange 496 11.6.3 RKKY 496 11.7 Time Reversal Symmetry 497 11.8 Summary 498 Exploring Concepts 499 References 501 12 Polarization of Materials 503 12.1 Simple Atomic Models 503 12.1.1 Linearity in the Response 504 12.1.2 Relating the Fields 507 12.2 Temperature Dependence 509 12.3 Time Dependence: 𝜀(𝜔) 510 12.4 A Familiar Equation in Optics 513 12.5 Understanding the Context 514 12.6 The Dielectric Function and Metals 514 12.7 Piezoelectrics, Pyroelectrics, and More 515 12.7.1 The h-BN Example 518 12.8 Summary 519 Exploring Concepts 519 References 523 13 Optical Interactions 525 13.1 Maxwell and the Solid (Review) 527 13.1.1 In a Vacuum 527 13.1.2 In a Material 528 13.1.3 A General Solution in the Solid 529 13.1.3.1 A Fun Notational Fact 531 13.2 Polarization Coupling: Polaritons 532 13.2.1 Phonons with Electrical Polarization 532 13.2.2 Phonons Meet Photons 534 13.2.3 The Phonon–Polariton 535 13.2.4 The Plasmon Polariton 538 13.3 Optical Transitions, Excitons, and Exciton Polaritons 543 13.3.1 Transitions 543 13.3.2 Carbon Nanotubes: An Example 546 13.3.3 Color Centers and Dopants 546 13.3.4 Excitons 548 13.3.5 Exciton Polaritons 549 13.4 Kramers–Kronig 549 13.5 Summary 551 Exploring Concepts 552 References 555 14 The End and the Beginning 557 Reference 558 Index 559
£91.20
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Widerstände, Kondensatoren, Spulen und ihre
Book SynopsisTable of Contents1 Widerstände und ihre Werkstoffe.- 2 Kondensatoren und Isolierstoffe (dielektrische Werkstoffe).- 3 Spulen, Übertrager und magnetische Werkstoffe.- Anhang. Grundlagen der Zuverlässigkeitsanalyse und -synthese (A. Vlcek).- 1. Begriffsbestimmungen.- 2. Zuverlässigkeitsanalyse und -synthese.- 3. Ermittlung von Zuverlässigkeitsparametern.- Literatur.- 1. Widerstände und ihre Werkstoffe.- 2. Kondensatoren und Isolierstoffe (dielektrische Werkstoffe).- 3. Spulen, Übertrager und magnetische Werkstoffe.- Anhang. Grundlagen der Zuverlässigkeitsanalyse und -synthese.
£44.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Phase Diagrams and Heterogeneous Equilibria: A
Book SynopsisThis advanced comprehensive textbook introduces the practical application of phase diagrams to the thermodynamics of materials consisting of several phases. It describes the fundamental physics and thermodynamics as well as experimental methods, treating all material classes: metals, glasses, ceramics, polymers, organic materials, aqueous solutions. With many application examples and realistic cases from chemistry and materials science, it is intended for students and researchers in chemistry, metallurgy, mineralogy, and materials science as well as in engineering and physics. The authors treat the nucleation of phase transitions, the production and stability of technologically important metastable phases, and metallic glasses. Also concisely presented are the thermodynamics and composition of polymer systems. This innovative text puts this powerful analytical approach into a readily understandable and practical context, perhaps for the first time.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews : "This graduate textbook introduces the practical application of phase diagrams for students and researchers in materials science, chemistry, and mineralogy, as well as engineering and physics. Heterogeneous equilibria are illustrated by practical examples in different application fields, while theory is kept to a minimum. An emphasis is placed on providing tools for predicting energetic, structural, and physical quantities." (Materials Today) "Predel and colleagues offer a good resource for students and professionals who wish to learn more about the practical aspects of phase equilibria … . Unlike most other books on the subject, this practical introduction provides detailed, yet remarkably clear, description of physical phenomena … . The descriptions are enhanced with more than 250 phase diagrams, micrographs, and other illustrations involving both real and idealized systems. … Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through professionals in materials-related fields." (D.D. Edwards, CHOICE, Vol. 42 (10), June, 2005) Table of Contents1 Fundamental Facts and Concepts.- 2 Phase Equilibria in One-Component Systems.- 3 Phase Equilibria in Two-Component Systems Under Exclusion of the Gas Phase.- 4 Phase Equilibria in Three-Component Systems and Four-Component Systems with Exclusion of the Gas Phase.- 5 Phase Equilibria Including a Vapor Phase.- 6 Thermodynamics.- 7 Nucleation During Phase Transitions.- 8 Metastable Phases.- 9 Effect of Diffusion on Phase Transformations.- 10 Organic and Polymeric Materials.
£44.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Models in Statistical Physics and Quantum Field Theory
Book SynopsisIn these lectures we summarize certain results on models in statistical physics and quantum field theory and especially emphasize the deep relation ship between these subjects. From a physical point of view, we study phase transitions of realistic systems; from a more mathematical point of view, we describe field theoretical models defined on a euclidean space-time lattice, for which the lattice constant serves as a cutoff. The connection between these two approaches is obtained by identifying partition functions for spin models with discretized functional integrals. After an introduction to critical phenomena, we present methods which prove the existence or nonexistence of phase transitions for the Ising and Heisenberg models in various dimensions. As an example of a solvable system we discuss the two-dimensional Ising model. Topological excitations determine sectors of field theoretical models. In order to illustrate this, we first discuss soliton solutions of completely integrable classical models. Afterwards we dis cuss sectors for the external field problem and for the Schwinger model. Then we put gauge models on a lattice, give a survey of some rigorous results and discuss the phase structure of some lattice gauge models. Since great interest has recently been shown in string models, we give a short introduction to both the classical mechanics of strings and the bosonic and fermionic models. The formulation of the continuum limit for lattice systems leads to a discussion of the renormalization group, which we apply to various models.Table of Contents1. Introduction.- 1.1 Phase Transitions — Critical Phenomena.- 1.1.1 Historical Survey.- 1.1.2 Gas-Liquid Transition.- 1.1.3 Ferromagnetism.- 1.1.4 Critical Exponents.- 2. Spin Systems.- 2.1 Ising Model — General Results.- 2.1.1 Introduction.- 2.1.2 Ising Model in One Dimension.- 2.1.3 Duality.- 2.1.4 Peierls’ Argument.- 2.1.5 Correlation Inequalities.- 2.2 Heisenberg Model.- 2.2.1 Bogoliubov Inequality.- 2.2.2 Absence of Spontaneous Magnetization for d = 1 and d = 2.- 2.2.3 Existence of a Phase Transition for d Greater than or Equal to Three.- 2.3 ø4-Model.- 2.3.1 Random Walk on a Lattice.- 2.3.2 Polymer Representation.- 2.3.3 Correlation Inequality.- 2.3.4 Continuum Limit.- 2.4 Two-Dimensional Ising Model.- 2.4.1 Transfer Matrix.- 2.4.2 Klein-Jordan-Wigner Transformation.- 2.4.3 Fourier Transformation.- 2.4.4 Bogoliubov Transformation.- 3. Two-Dimensional Field Theory.- 3.1 Solitons.- 3.1.1 Inverse Scattering Formalism.- 3.1.2 Solving Certain Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations.- 3.1.3 A Model for Polyacetylene.- 3.2 Sectors in Field Theoretical Models.- 3.2.1 External Field Problems.- 3.2.2 The Schwinger Model.- 4. Lattice Gauge Models.- 4.1 Formulation.- 4.1.1 Axioms.- 4.1.2 The Rolling Ball.- 4.1.3 Classical Field Theory.- 4.1.4 Formulation of Lattice Gauge Models.- 4.1.5 Fermions on the Lattice.- 4.2 Rigorous Results.- 4.2.1 Faddeev-Popov “Trick” on a Lattice.- 4.2.2 Physical Positivity = Osterwalder-Schrader Positivity.- 4.2.3 Cluster Expansion.- 4.2.4 Confinement.- 4.2.5 Remarks on Numerical Methods.- 4.2.6 Recent Developments.- 5. String Models.- 5.1 Introduction to Strings.- 5.1.1 Classical Mechanics of Strings.- 5.1.2 Quantization of the Bosonic String.- 5.1.3 Fermionic Strings and Superstrings.- 6. Renormalization Group.- 6.1 Formulation.- 6.1.1 Scaling Laws.- 6.1.2 Kadanoff’s Block Spin Method.- 6.1.3 Wilson’s Renormalization Group Ideas.- 6.1.4 Ising Model d = 1.- 6.2 Application of the Renormalization Group Ideas to Special Models.- 6.2.1 Central Limit Theorem.- 6.2.2 Hierarchical Model.- 6.2.3 Two-Dimensional Ising Model.- 6.2.4 Ginzburg-Landau-Wilson Model.- 6.2.5 Feigenbaum’s Route to Chaos.- General References.
£44.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG The Physics of Polymers: Concepts for Understanding Their Structures and Behavior
Book SynopsisThe Physics of Polymers presents the elements of this important segment of material science, focusing on concepts above experimental techniques and theoretical methods. Written for graduate students of physics, material science and chemical engineering and for researchers working with polymers in academia and industry, the book introduces and discusses the basic phenomena which lead to the peculiar physical properties of polymeric systems. The revised and expanded Third Edition includes a new chapter dealing with conjugated polymers, explaining the physical basis of the characteristic electro-optic response, and the spectacular electrical conduction properties of conjugated polymers created by doping.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: "Physicists wanting to learn about the fundamentals of polymers would find the book very interesting and informative." IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine From Amazom.com reviews -- "5 Stars surely this book is excellent", January 11, 2005 "For graduate students in polymer science, especially polymer physics, I always have two books to recommend: Polymer Physics by Rubinstein and Colby, and this book by Strobl." "5 Stars A comprehensive polymer physics book!", January 2, 2003 "This is a comprehensive polymer physics book, each chapter is well written with adequate depth of coverage. Most definitely the book one must pick to delve into dynamics, thermodynamics, scattering and crystallization, and get to the level of appreciating the complexity and beauty of current research and understanding in the field of polymer physics. Highly recommended"Table of ContentsConstitution and Architecture of Chains.- Single Chain Conformations.- Polymer Solutions.- Polymer Blends and Block Copolymers.- The Semicrystalline State.- Mechanical and Dielectric Response.- Conjugated Polymers.- Microscopic Dynamics.- Non-Linear Mechanics.- Deformation, Yielding and Fracture.
£64.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG History of Semiconductor Engineering
Book SynopsisThis book provides a unique account of the history of integrated circuit, the microelectronics industry and the people involved in the development of transistor and integrated circuit. In this richly illustrated account the author argues that the group of inventors was much larger than originally thought. This is a personal recollection providing the first comprehensive behind-the-scenes account of the history of the integrated circuit. Trade ReviewFrom pre-publication reviews "Your book is going to make a major contribution to semiconductor history. You and I agree that, while the world loves a hero, semiconductor progress depended on the efforts and ideas of a large number of people, and that moving forward depended on contributors going back a few decades in some cases. Also, as is the case with most inventions, a number of people with access to the same pool of common knowledge were working independently at the same time to put it all together and to make the necessary extensions to the existing technology and who realized that the time was right for society to accept the new concepts. Your diligent research points all this out." Dr. Jay Last, former Shockley Laboratories employee, co-founder of Fairchild Semiconductor, co-founder of Amelco Semiconductor, and manager of the Fairchild’s group which design and produced the world first planar integrated circuit "Bo Lojek presents a remarkable document of the most important and significant technical development of our times. He describes in astounding detail the engineering efforts of modern microelectronics. He concentrates on the history of silicon semiconductor devices. California’s "Silicon Valley" is the center of attention, together with its ancestry of transistor invention at Bell Laboratories. He has collected a wealth of illustrative documentation, gives incisive insight into the lives of the main actors and shows the often tragic fates of the engineers and businessmen. He does not hide his firm believe in the individual engineer and warns of the retarding influence of present-day political correctness." Dr. Hans J. Queisser, former Shockley Semiconductor scientist and retired director of the Max-Planck-Institute for Solids, Stuttgart "The technical history of the semiconductor industry rivals the 1849 California Gold Rush as a period filled with excitement and opportunity. Although I cannot first hand validate its complete accuracy, I enthusiastically encourage you to read the collected facts, opinions, and views of an author who was actually part of this amazing period, viewing it as a successful practicing Engineer during this "gold rush" like hay-day of the semiconductor industry.For educators and technologists you will find this collection of data, facts, and opinions, collected and observed first hand by the author, fascinating! It is a tough read for others due to the writing experience of the author and its technical focus." John F. Gifford, former Fairchild Semiconductor Marketing Manager of Linear Integrated Circuits, co-founder of Advanced Micro Devices, and President and Chief Executive Officer of Maxim Integrated Products "Bo Lojek gets it right! There are few industries as dynamic as semiconductors and the history of the semiconductor industry is still unfolding. This book gives history of the people, places and the technology that resulted in today's semiconductor industry. I particularly like the inclusion of many technical pieces in the book." Robert Dobkin, former National Semiconductor Director of Advanced Circuit Development and co-founder and Chief Technical Officer of Linear Technology Corporation "This book contains an enormous amount of important material, much of it obtained by intense individual research by the author. The author's viewpoint leads him to different stories and credits from those generally accepted by the media. This feature may make the book more interesting reading for some. However, its real value is as remarkably detailed account of accomplishments that constitutes semiconductor microelectronics." Dr. Morgan Sparks, Former Bell Laboratories scientist, designer of the world's first junction transistor, and retired president of Sandia LaboratoriesTable of ContentsPrologue.- Research Organization: Bell Telephone Laboratories.- Grown Junction and Diffused Transistors.- Shockley Semiconductor Laboratories.- Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation — Subsidiary of Fairchild Camera and Instrument Company.- Driving the Company Out of Business.- Integrated Circuits outside Fairchild Semiconductor.- Linear Integrated Circuits: Pre-Widlar Era Prior to 1963.- Robert J. Widlar — The Genius, The Legend, The Bohemian.- National Semiconductor — A New Type of Semiconductor Company.- The MOS Transistor.- Epilogue.
£132.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Piezoelectric Sensorics: Force Strain Pressure Acceleration and Acoustic Emission Sensors Materials and Amplifiers
Book SynopsisFor the first time, this book covers the entire field of piezoelectric sensors for mechanical measurands. It gives extensive practical advice along with an overview of the most important piezoelectric materials and their properties, plus consistent terminology for describing sensors. Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: "Piezoelectric Sensorics is the first book written in English to cover the entire field of piezoelectric sensors for mechanical measurands. It provides a comprehensive overview of the subject and describes the characteristics and practical applications for each type of sensor presented. … This book is well written, technically informative and a pleasure to read. It provides extensive practical advice and clear coverage of the theory, making it suitable for students, scientists, technicians and engineers." (Sensor Review, Vol. 22 (4), 2002) "This book covers the entire field of piezoelectric sensors for mechanical measurands. Scientists, engineers and technicians, as well as students in engineering will find in this book for the first time a complete overview of this special type of sensors. Extensive practical advice is given throughout the text allowing the reader to profit from author’s many years of experience. … numerous examples illustrate the vast range of practical applications." (ETDE Energy Database, October, 2002)Table of Contents1 Introduction.- 2 Background of Piezoelectric Sensors.- 3 Piezoelectric Materials for Sensors.- 4 Piezoelectric Sensor Terminology.- 5 Piezoelectric Sensors.- 6 Force and Torque Sensors.- 7 Strain Sensors.- 8 Pressure Sensors.- 9 Acceleration Sensors.- 10 Acoustic Emission Sensors.- 11 Amplifiers for Piezoelectric Sensors.- References.- List of Manufacturers.
£85.49
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Quantum Field Theory in Condensed Matter Physics
Book SynopsisThis is an approachable introduction to the important topics and recent developments in the field of condensed matter physics. First, the general language of quantum field theory is developed in a way appropriate for dealing with systems having a large number of degrees of freedom. This paves the way for a description of the basic processes in such systems. Applications include various aspects of superfluidity and superconductivity, as well as a detailed description of the fractional quantum Hall liquid.Table of ContentsQuantum Mechanics and Fundamentals of Quantum Field Theory.- Path Integral Quantization.- Broken Symmetry and Phase Transition.- Some Applications - Warming Ups.- Superconductivity.- Quantum Hall Liquids and Chern--Simons Gauge Field.- Appendix.
£132.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Quantum Mechanics: Foundations and Applications
Book SynopsisThis edition differs from the second chiefly in the addition of about 100 pages devoted to the quantum (or geometric, or Berry) phase, a subject that did not exist when this book was written. The changes in the remainder of the book consist of corrections of a small number of misprints. While it may seem that adding two chapters on the quantum phase is overemphasizing a currently fashionable subject, they actually complete the development of quantum theory as given in this book. We start with simple models, synthesizing them into complicated "molecules." With the new chap ters. we end with complicated "molecules," dividing them into simpler parts. This process of dividing a complex system into parts quite naturally gives rise to a gauge theory, of which the geometric phase is a manifestation - with consequences not only in theory, but observable in experiments. For this rea son, the geometric phase is not a mere fashion, but a discovery that will retain its importance forever and must be discussed in textbooks on quantum mechanics. to acknowledge help and advice from Mark Loewe with the I would like writing and also of the new part of the book. In addition, I would like to express my gratitude to J. Anandan, M. Berry, and c.A. Mead, who have read parts or all of the new material and have provided valuable advice.Table of ContentsI Mathematical Preliminaries.- II Foundations of Quantum Mechanics—The Harmonic Oscillator.- III Energy Spectra of Some Molecules.- IV Complete Systems of Commuting Observables.- V Addition of Angular Momenta—The Wigner-Eckart Theorem.- VI Hydrogen Atom—The Quantum-Mechanical Kepler Problem.- VII Alkali Atoms and the Schrödinger Equation of One-Electron Atoms.- VIII Perturbation Theory.- IX Electron Spin.- X Indistinguishable Particles.- XI Two-Electron Systems—The Helium Atom.- XII Time Evolution.- XIII Some Fundamental Properties of Quantum Mechanics.- XIV Transitions in Quantum Physical Systems—Cross Section.- XV Formal Scattering Theory and Other Theoretical Considerations.- XVI Elastic and Inelastic Scattering for Spherically Symmetric Interactions.- XVII Free and Exact Radial Wave Functions.- XVIII Resonance Phenomena.- XIX Time Reversal.- XX Resonances in Multichannel Systems.- XXI The Decay of Unstable Physical Systems.- XXII Quantal Phase Factors and Their Consequences.- XXIII A Quantum Physical System in a Quantum Environment—The Gauge Theory of Molecular Physics.- Epilogue.
£44.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG The Physics of Polymers: Concepts for Understanding Their Structures and Behavior
Book SynopsisThe Physics of Polymers presents the elements of this important segment of material science, focusing on concepts above experimental techniques and theoretical methods. Written for graduate students of physics, material science and chemical engineering and for researchers working with polymers in academia and industry, the book introduces and discusses the basic phenomena which lead to the peculiar physical properties of polymeric systems. The revised and expanded Third Edition includes a new chapter dealing with conjugated polymers, explaining the physical basis of the characteristic electro-optic response, and the spectacular electrical conduction properties of conjugated polymers created by doping.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: "Physicists wanting to learn about the fundamentals of polymers would find the book very interesting and informative." IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine From Amazom.com reviews -- "5 Stars surely this book is excellent", January 11, 2005 "For graduate students in polymer science, especially polymer physics, I always have two books to recommend: Polymer Physics by Rubinstein and Colby, and this book by Strobl." "5 Stars A comprehensive polymer physics book!", January 2, 2003 "This is a comprehensive polymer physics book, each chapter is well written with adequate depth of coverage. Most definitely the book one must pick to delve into dynamics, thermodynamics, scattering and crystallization, and get to the level of appreciating the complexity and beauty of current research and understanding in the field of polymer physics. Highly recommended"Table of ContentsConstitution and Architecture of Chains.- Single Chain Conformations.- Polymer Solutions.- Polymer Blends and Block Copolymers.- The Semicrystalline State.- Mechanical and Dielectric Response.- Conjugated Polymers.- Microscopic Dynamics.- Non-Linear Mechanics.- Deformation, Yielding and Fracture.
£44.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Group Theory: Application to the Physics of Condensed Matter
Book SynopsisThis concise, class-tested book was refined over the authors’ 30 years as instructors at MIT and the University Federal of Minas Gerais (UFMG) in Brazil. The approach centers on the conviction that teaching group theory along with applications helps students to learn, understand and use it for their own needs. Thus, the theoretical background is confined to introductory chapters. Subsequent chapters develop new theory alongside applications so that students can retain new concepts, build on concepts already learned, and see interrelations between topics. Essential problem sets between chapters aid retention of new material and consolidate material learned in previous chapters.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:"It was developed for a graduate course taught mostly by Millie Dresselhaus at MIT for more than 30 years, with many revisions of lecture notes. Very much a graduate text or specialist monograph, the book covers a wealth of applications across solid-state physics. … The book can be warmly recommended to students and researchers in solid-state physics, either to serve as a text for an advanced lecture course or for individual study … ." (Volker Heine, Physics Today, November, 2008)"This textbook is based on the authors’ pedagogical experience during their 30 years at MIT. … the book develops all of the relevant mathematics (linear algebra) and the necessary physics (quantum mechanics), it is eminently suitable to a wide audience in physics, chemistry and materials science." (Barry R. Masters, Optics and Photonics News, July/August, 2009)“This is an excellent text … . originates from lectures by Charles Kittel and J. H. van Vleck in the 1950s and much of the material was presented in courses by the authors over the last three decades. The material is meant for Electrical Engineering and Physics students at the graduate level … . has exercises at the end of each chapter and an extensive set of appendices. The exposition is clear and detailed. This is a very good book for its target audience.” (W. Miller Jr., Zentralblatt MATH, Vol. 1175, 2010)“The goal of the book under review is to teach group theory in close connection to applications. … Every chapter of the book finishes with several selected problems. Specific to this book is the feature that every abstract theoretical group concept is introduced and applied in a concrete physical way. This is why the book is very useful for anyone interested in applications of group theory to the wide range of condensed matter phenomena.” (Oktay K. Pashaev, Mathematical Reviews, Issue 2010 i)“It is highly welcomed because of its well-thought structuring and the plenty of non-trivial examples. The authors develop those parts of the theory of groups which are interesting for physicists, from chapter to chapter offering nearly at any step one or more informative application.” (G. Kowol, Monatshefte für Mathematik, Vol. 157 (2), June, 2009)Table of ContentsBasic Mathematics.- Basic Mathematical Background: Introduction.- Representation Theory and Basic Theorems.- Character of a Representation.- Basis Functions.- Introductory Application to Quantum Systems.- Splitting of Atomic Orbitals in a Crystal Potential.- Application to Selection Rules and Direct Products.- Molecular Systems.- Electronic States of Molecules and Directed Valence.- Molecular Vibrations, Infrared, and Raman Activity.- Application to Periodic Lattices.- Space Groups in Real Space.- Space Groups in Reciprocal Space and Representations.- Electron and Phonon Dispersion Relation.- Applications to Lattice Vibrations.- Electronic Energy Levels in a Cubic Crystals.- Energy Band Models Based on Symmetry.- Spin–Orbit Interaction in Solids and Double Groups.- Application of Double Groups to Energy Bands with Spin.- Other Symmetries.- Time Reversal Symmetry.- Permutation Groups and Many-Electron States.- Symmetry Properties of Tensors.
£44.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Information and Self-Organization: A Macroscopic
Book SynopsisThe widespread interest this book has found among professors, scientists and stu dents working in a variety of fields has made a new edition necessary. I have used this opportunity to add three new chapters on recent developments. One of the most fascinating fields of modern science is cognitive science which has become a meet ing place of many disciplines ranging from mathematics over physics and computer science to psychology. Here, one of the important links between these fields is the concept of information which, however, appears in various disguises, be it as Shan non information or as semantic information (or as something still different). So far, meaning seemed to be exorcised from Shannon information, whereas meaning plays a central role in semantic (or as it is sometimes called "pragmatic") information. In the new chapter 13 it will be shown, however, that there is an important interplay between Shannon and semantic information and that, in particular, the latter plays a decisive role in the fixation of Shannon information and, in cognitive processes, al lows a drastic reduction of that information. A second, equally fascinating and rapidly developing field for mathematicians, computer scientists and physicists is quantum information and quantum computa tion. The inclusion of these topics is a must for any modern treatise dealing with in formation. It becomes more and more evident that the abstract concept of informa tion is inseparably tied up with its realizations in the physical world.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews of the third edition: "This enlarged edition of Information and Self-Organization addresses the concept of information in depth: ranging ‘from Shannon information, from which all semantics has been exorcised, to the effects of information on receivers and the self-creation of meaning’—that is, toward semantic information … . Nevertheless, both the qualitative lessons and quantitative analysis presented in the book … very useful for artificial life researchers." (Mikhail Prokopenko, Artificial Life, Vol. 15, 2009)Table of ContentsThe Challenge of Complex Systems.- From the Microscopic to the Macroscopic World ....- ... and Back Again: The Maximum Information Principle (MIP).- An Example from Physics: Thermodynamics.- Application of the Maximum Information Principle to Self-Organizing Systems.- The Maximum Information Principle for Nonequilibrium Phase Transitions: Determination of Order Parameters, Enslaved Modes, and Emerging Patterns.- Information, Information Gain, and Efficiency of Self-Organizing Systems Close to Their Instability Points.- Direct Determination of Lagrange Multipliers.- Unbiased Modeling of Stochastic Processes: How to Guess Path Integrals, Fokker-Planck Equations and Langevin-Îto Equations.- Application to Some Physical Systems.- Transitions Between Behavioral Patterns in Biology. An Example: Hand Movements.- Pattern Recognition. Unbiased Guesses of Processes: Explicit Determination of Lagrange Multipliers.- Information Compression in Cognition: The Interplay between Shannon and Semantic Information.- Quantum Systems.- Quantum Information.- Quantum Computation.- Concluding Remarks and Outlook.
£92.72
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Statistical Physics: An Advanced Approach with
Book SynopsisThe book is divided into two parts. The first part looks at the modeling of statistical systems before moving on to an analysis of these systems. This second edition contains new material on: estimators based on a probability distribution for the parameters; identification of stochastic models from observations; and statistical tests and classification methods.Table of Contents1 Statistical Physics: Is More than Statistical Mechanics.- I Modeling of Statistical Systems.- 2 Random Variables: Fundamentals of Probability Theory and Statistics.- 3 Random Variables in State Space: Classical Statistical Mechanics of Fluids.- 4 Random Fields: Textures and Classical Statistical Mechanics of Spin Systems.- 5 Time-Dependent Random Variables: Classical Stochastic Processes.- 6 Quantum Random Systems.- 7 Changes of External Conditions.- II Analysis of Statistical Systems.- 8 Estimation of Parameters.- 9 Signal Analysis: Estimation of Spectra.- 10 Estimators Based on a Probability Distribution for the Parameters.- 11 Identification of Stochastic Models from Observations.- 12 Estimating the Parameters of a Hidden Stochastic Model.- 13 Statistical Tests and Classification Methods.- Appendix: Random Number Generation for Simulating Realizations of Random Variables.- Problems.- Hints and Solutions.- References.
£66.49
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Positron Annihilation in Semiconductors: Defect
Book SynopsisThis comprehensive book reports on recent investigations of lattice imperfections in semiconductors by means of positron annihilation. It reviews positron techniques, and describes the application of these techniques to various kinds of defects, such as vacancies, impurity vacancy complexes and dislocations. Table of Contents1 Introduction.- 2 Experimental Techniques.- 3 Basics of Positron Annihilation in Semiconductors.- 4 Defect Characterization in Elemental Semiconductors.- 5 Defect Characterization in III–V Compounds.- 6 Defect Characterization in II–VI Compounds.- 7 Defect Characterization in Other Compounds.- 8 Applications of Positron Annihilation in Defect Engineering.- 9 Comparison of Positron Annihilation with Other Defect-Sensitive Techniques.- A1 Semiconductor Data.- A2 Trapping Model Equations.- References.
£170.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Quantum Field Theory in Condensed Matter Physics
Book SynopsisThis is an approachable introduction to the important topics and recent developments in the field of condensed matter physics. First, the general language of quantum field theory is developed in a way appropriate for dealing with systems having a large number of degrees of freedom. This paves the way for a description of the basic processes in such systems. Applications include various aspects of superfluidity and superconductivity, as well as a detailed description of the fractional quantum Hall liquid.Table of ContentsQuantum Mechanics and Fundamentals of Quantum Field Theory.- Path Integral Quantization.- Broken Symmetry and Phase Transition.- Some Applications - Warming Ups.- Superconductivity.- Quantum Hall Liquids and Chern--Simons Gauge Field.- Appendix.
£132.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Fundamentals of Shock Wave Propagation in Solids
Book SynopsisMy intent in writing this book is to present an introduction to the thermo- chanical theory required to conduct research and pursue applications of shock physics in solid materials. Emphasis is on the range of moderate compression that can be produced by high-velocity impact or detonation of chemical exp- sives and in which elastoplastic responses are observed and simple equations of state are applicable. In the interest of simplicity, the presentation is restricted to plane waves producing uniaxial deformation. Although applications often - volve complex multidimensional deformation fields it is necessary to begin with the simpler case. This is also the most important case because it is the usual setting of experimental research. The presentation is also restricted to theories of material response that are simple enough to permit illustrative problems to be solved with minimal recourse to numerical analysis. The discussions are set in the context of established continuum-mechanical principles. I have endeavored to define the quantities encountered with some care and to provide equations in several convenient forms and in a way that lends itself to easy reference. Thermodynamic analysis plays an important role in continuum mechanics, and I have included a presentation of aspects of this subject that are particularly relevant to shock physics. The notation adopted is that conventional in expositions of modern continuum mechanics, insofar as possible, and variables are explained as they are encountered. Those experienced in shock physics may find some of the notation unconventional.Table of ContentsMechanical Principles.- Plane Longitudinal Shocks.- Material Response I: Principles.- Material Response II: Inviscid Compressible Fluids.- Material Response III: Elastic Solids.- Material Response IV: Elastic-Plastic and Elastic-Viscoplastic Solids.- Weak Elastic Waves.- Finite-amplitude Elastic Waves.- Elastic-Plastic and Elastic-Viscoplastic Waves.- Porous Solids.- Spall Fracture.- Steady Detonation Waves.
£54.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Semiconductor Power Devices: Physics, Characteristics, Reliability
Book SynopsisSemiconductor power devices are the heart of power electronics. They determine the performance of power converters and allow topologies with high efficiency. Semiconductor properties, pn-junctions and the physical phenomena for understanding power devices are discussed in depth. Working principles of state-of-the-art power diodes, thyristors, MOSFETs and IGBTs are explained in detail, as well as key aspects of semiconductor device production technology. In practice, not only the semiconductor, but also the thermal and mechanical properties of packaging and interconnection technologies are essential to predict device behavior in circuits. Wear and aging mechanisms are identified and reliability analyses principles are developed. Unique information on destructive mechanisms, including typical failure pictures, allows assessment of the ruggedness of power devices. Also parasitic effects, such as device induced electromagnetic interference problems, are addressed. The book concludes with modern power electronic system integration techniques and trends.Trade ReviewAus den Rezensionen:“... Das Buch ist eine erweiterte, aktualisierte englische Version des deutschen Buchs der Autoren. Es präsentiert Leistungshalbleiter auf umfassender Weise ... Das Buch prasentiert auch diverse Störungen und Schwingungen, die durch Schaltvorgänge bei Leistungskomponenten verursacht werden. ... Die Lektüre schafft es, fundierte Theorie praxisnah und verständlich zu vermitteln. Ein gründliches, ausgewogenes Buch, das sowohl Energietechnik-Studierenden als auch Leistungselektronik-Entwicklungsingenieuren eine Fülle an wertvollen Informationen und Einsichten bietet.“ (in: Bulletin SEV/VSE, 7/October/2011, Issue 10, S. 68)Table of ContentsPower Semiconductor Devices – Key Components for Efficient Electrical Energy Conversion Systems.- Semiconductor Properties.- pn - Junctions.- Short introduction to power device technology.- pin-Diodes.- Schottky Diodes.- Bipolar Transistors.- Thyristors.- MOS Transistors.- IGBTs.- Packaging and Reliability of Power Devices.- Destructive Mechanisms in Power Devices.- Power Device Induced Oscillations and Electromagnetic Disturbances.- Power Electronic Systems.- Appendix.- Index.
£151.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG X-Ray Diffraction Crystallography: Introduction,
Book SynopsisX-ray diffraction crystallography for powder samples is a well-established and widely used method. It is applied to materials characterization to reveal the atomic scale structure of various substances in a variety of states. The book deals with fundamental properties of X-rays, geometry analysis of crystals, X-ray scattering and diffraction in polycrystalline samples and its application to the determination of the crystal structure. The reciprocal lattice and integrated diffraction intensity from crystals and symmetry analysis of crystals are explained. To learn the method of X-ray diffraction crystallography well and to be able to cope with the given subject, a certain number of exercises is presented in the book to calculate specific values for typical examples. This is particularly important for beginners in X-ray diffraction crystallography. One aim of this book is to offer guidance to solving the problems of 90 typical substances. For further convenience, 100 supplementary exercises are also provided with solutions. Some essential points with basic equations are summarized in each chapter, together with some relevant physical constants and the atomic scattering factors of the elements.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:“The authors have developed their course lecture notes into a useful book that is suitable for graduate students of materials science and engineering who use X-ray diffraction techniques. … This book is a very concise presentation of the theory of scattering and diffraction and the determination of crystal structures. … The biggest strength of this book are the solutions that illustrate the quantitative aspects of the subject. The illustrations complement the text and there are many tables of real diffraction data and calculations of structures.” (Barry R. Masters, Optics & Photonics News, April, 2012)Table of ContentsFundamental Properties of X-rays.- Geometry of Crystals.- Scattering and Diffraction by Atoms and Crystals.- Diffraction from a Polycrystalline Sample and its Application to Determination of Crystal Structures.- Reciprocal Lattice and Integrated Intensity from Crystals.- Symmetry Analysis for Crystals and the Use of International Tables.- Solved Problems.
£170.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Solid Base Catalysis
Book SynopsisThe importance of solid base catalysts has come to be recognized for their environmentally benign qualities, and much significant progress has been made over the past two decades in catalytic materials and solid base-catalyzed reactions. The book is focused on the solid base. Because of the advantages over liquid bases, the use of solid base catalysts in organic synthesis is expanding. Solid bases are easier to dispose than liquid bases, separation and recovery of products, catalysts and solvents are less difficult, and they are non-corrosive. Furthermore, base-catalyzed reactions can be performed without using solvents and even in the gas phase, opening up more possibilities for discovering novel reaction systems. Using numerous examples, the present volume describes the remarkable role solid base catalysis can play, given the ever increasing worldwide importance of "green" chemistry. The reader will obtain an overall view of solid base catalysis and gain insight into the versatility of the reactions to which solid base catalysts can be utilized. The concept and significance of solid base catalysis are discussed, followed by descriptions of various methods for the characterization of solid bases, including spectroscopic methods and test reactions. The preparation and properties of base materials are presented in detail, with the two final chapters devoted to surveying the variety of reactions catalyzed by solid bases.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Characterization of Solid Base Catalysts.- Preparation and Catalytic Properties of Solid Base Catalysts - Metal Oxides.- Preparation and Catalytic Properties of Solid Base Catalysts - Specific Materials for Solid Bases.- Reactions Catalyzed by Solid Bases.- Solid Base Catalysts for Specific Subjects.
£132.28
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Dispersion Forces II: Many-Body Effects, Excited Atoms, Finite Temperature and Quantum Friction
Book SynopsisIn this book, a modern unified theory of dispersion forces on atoms and bodies is presented which covers a broad range of different aspects and scenarios. Macroscopic quantum electrodynamics is applied within the context of dispersion forces. In contrast to the normal-mode quantum electrodynamics traditionally used to study dispersion forces, the new approach allows to consider realistic material properties including absorption and is flexible enough to be applied to a broad range of geometries. Thus general properties of dispersion forces like their non-additivity and the relation between microscopic and macroscopic dispersion forces are discussed. It is demonstrated how the general results can be used to obtain dispersion forces on atoms in the presence of bodies of various shapes and materials. In particular, nontrivial magnetic properties of the bodies, bodies of irregular shapes, the role of material absorption, and dynamical forces for excited atoms are discussed. This volume 2 deals especially with quantum electrodynamics, dispersion forces, Casimir forces, asymptotic power laws, quantum friction and universal scaling laws. The book gives both the specialist and those new to the field a thorough overview over recent results in the context of dispersion forces. It provides a toolbox for studying dispersion forces in various contexts.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Approximating Casimir–Polder potentials.- Common properties of dispersion forces.- Casimir–Polder forces on excited atoms: static theory.- Casimir–Polder forces on excited atoms: dynamical approach.- Casimir–Polder forces in cavity quantum electrodynamics.- Thermal Casimir–Polder forces.- Casimir–Polder forces on moving atoms.
£189.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Original Scientific Papers Wissenschaftliche Originalarbeiten
Book SynopsisWerner Heisenberg is one of the greatest scientists of our century. His work extends over a period of fifty years, ranging from turbulence theory, the establishment of quantum mechanics, its fundamental applications in atomic and solid state physics, to the theory of cosmic ray phenomena and of elementary particles. He recognized early the epistemological significance of the new discoveries. He was able to place the radical changes in the foundation of physics of this century in the historical context of natural philosophy. His thoughts on language as the medium to grasp scientific truth, artistic truth, religious truth, truth in general, reached many auditors and readers, scientists as well as non-scientists. In the 75 years of his life the political and social structure of his home country, of Europe and the world over underwent drastic changes. He grew up in Imperial Germany, made his great contributions to quantum mechanics during the period of the Weimar Republic and was engaged in nuclear physics when the potentates of the Third Reich tried to discredit relativity and quantum theory as "degenerate" science; in World War II he participated in the German effort to develop a nuclear reactor. After the war, he devoted himself mainly to the physics of elementary particles. In addition, he acted in many official capacities: for the promotion of research, the reconstruction of science in the Federal Republic of Germany, and the advancement of international collabora- tion.Table of ContentsBiographical Data — Werner Heisenberg (1901–1976).- Biographical Data — Werner Heisenberg (1901–1976).- Group 1: Hydrodynamic Stability and Turbulence (1922–1948).- Annotation.- Editorial Note.- 1.1 Die absoluten Dimensionen der Kármánschen Wirbelbewegung/ Absolute Dimensions of Kármán’s Vortex Motion.- 1.2 Über Stabilität und Turbulenz von Flüssigkeitsströmen/On the Stability and Turbulence of Fluid Flows.- 1.3 Zur statistischen Theorie der Turbulenz/ On the Statistical Theory of Turbulence.- 1.4 Die Gestalt der Spiralnebel/ The Form of Spiral Nebulae.- 1.5 On the Theory of Statistical and Isotropic Turbulence.- 1.6 Bemerkungen zum Turbulenzproblem/ Remarks on the Problem of Turbulence.- Group 2: On Atomic and Molecular Structure (1922–1925).- Annotation.- 2.1 Zur Quantentheorie der Linienstruktur und der anomalen Zeemaneffekte / Quantum Theory of Line Structure and of the Anomalous Zeeman Effects.- 2.2 Eine Bemerkung über relativistische Röntgendubletts und Linienschärfe / A Remark on Relativistic X-Ray Doublets and Line Width.- 2.3 Die Intensität der Mehrfachlinien und ihrer Zeemankomponenten/The Intensity of Line Multiplets and Their Zeeman Components.- 2.4 Über Phasenbeziehungen bei den Bohrschen Modellen von Atomen und Molekeln / Phase Relations in Bohr’s Models of Atoms and Molecules.- 2.5 Die Elektronenbahnen im angeregten Heliumatom/The Electron Orbits in the Excited Helium Atom.- 2.6 Zur Quantentheorie der Molekeln / On the Quantum Theory of Molecules.- 2.7 Über den Einfluß der Deformierbarkeit der Ionen auf optische und chemische Konstanten. I/Influence of Deformability of Ions on Optical and Chemical Constants I.- 2.8 Termstruktur der Multipletts höherer Stufe/Term Structure of the Multiplets of Higher Order.- 2.9 Bemerkung zu einer Arbeit von F. v. Wi?niewski: „Zur Theorie des Heliums“/Remark on a Paper of.- 2.10 Über den Einfluß der Deformierbarkeit der Ionen auf optische und chemische Konstanten. II. Stabilität und Bildungswärme dreiatomiger Molekeln und Ionen/Influence of Deformability of Ions on Optical and Chemical Constants II.- 2.11 Über eine Abanderung der formalen Regeln der Quantentheorie beim Problem der anomalen Zeemaneffekte/Alternation of the Formal Rules of Quantum Theory for the Problem of Anomalous Zeeman Effects.- 2.12 Zur Quantentheorie der Multiplettstruktur und der anomalen Zeemaneffekte/Quantum Theory of Multiplet Structure and of the Anomalous Zeeman Effects.- Group 3: Quantum Mechanics (1925–1927).- Annotation.- 3.1 Über eine Anwendung des Korrespondenzprinzips auf die Frage nach der Polarisation des Fluoreszenzlichtes/Application of the Correspondence Principle to the Polarization Problem of Fluorescence Light.- 3.2 Über die Streuung von Strahlung durch Atome/On the Dispersion of Radiation by Atoms.- 3.3 Über quantentheoretische Umdeutung kinematischer und mechanischer Beziehungen/Quantum Theoretical Re-Interpretation of Kinematic and Mechanical Relations.- 3.4 Zur Quantenmechanik. II/On Quantum Mechanics II.- 3.5 Mehrkörperproblem und Resonanz in der Quantenmechanik/Many-Body Problem and Resonance in Quantum Mechanics.- 3.6 Schwankungserscheinungen und Quantenmechanik/Fluctuation Phenomena and Quantum Mechanics.- 3.7 Über den anschaulichen Inhalt der quantentheoretischen Kinematik und Mechanik/The Perceptible Content of the Quantum Theoretical Kinematics and Mechanics.- Group 4: Applications of Quantum Mechanics (1926–1933).- Annotation.- 4.1 Anwendung der Quantenmechanik auf das Problem der anomalen Zeemaneffekte/ Application of Quantum Mechanics to Anomalous Zeeman Effects.- 4.2 Über die Spektra von Atomsystemen mit zwei Elektronen/On the Spectra of Two-Electron Atomic Systems.- 4.3 Mehrkörperprobleme und Resonanz in der Quantenmechanik. II / Many-Body Problems and Resonance in Quantum Mechanics II.- 4.4 Zur Theorie des Ferromagnetismus/On the Theory of Ferromagnetism.- 4.5 Zur Theorie der Magnetostriktion und der Magnetisierungskurve/On the Theory of Magnetostriction and of the Magnetization Curve.- 4.6 Notiz zur Arbeit des Herrn N. Tunazima: Zum Ferromagnetismus/Note on a Paper of N. Tunazima: On Ferromagnetism.- 4.7 Zum Paulischen Ausschließungsprinzip/On Pauli’s Exclusion Principle..- 4.8 Über die inkohärente Streuung von Röntgenstrahlen/On Incoherent X-Ray Diffraction.- Bibliographical Citation List.
£64.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Spin Fluctuations in Itinerant Electron Magnetism
Book SynopsisFerromagnetism of metallic systems, especially those including transition metals, has been a controversial subject of modern science for a long time. This controversy sterns from the apparent dual character of the d-electrons responsible for magnetism in transition metals, i.e., they are itinerant elec trons described by band theory in their ground state, while at finite tem peratures they show various properties that have long been attributed to a system consisting of local magnetic moments. The most familiar example of these properties is the Curie-Weiss law of magnetic susceptibility obeyed by almost all ferromagnets above their Curie temperatures. At first the problem seemed to be centered around whether the d-elec trons themselves are localized or itinerant. This question was settled in the 1950s and early 1960s by various experimental investigations, in particular by observations of d-electron Fermi surfaces in ferromagnetic transition metals. These observations are generally consistent with the results of band calculations. Theoretical investigations since then have concentrated on explaining this dual character of d-electron systems, taking account of the effects of electron-electron correlations in the itinerant electron model. The problem in physical terms is to study the spin density fluctuati·ons, which are ne glected in the mean-field or one-electron theory, and their influence on the physical properties.Table of Contents1. Introduction.- 1.1 Local Magnetic Moment and the Weiss Theory of Ferromagnetism.- 1.2 Magnetic Moments of Atoms.- 1.3 Heisenberg Localized Electron Model.- 1.4 Itinerant Electron Model.- 1.5 Localized vs Itinerant Electron Models.- 1.6 Random-Phase Approximation Theory of Spin Fluctuations in Itinerant Electron Magnets.- 1.7 Local Moments in Metals.- 1.8 Self-Consistent Renormalization Theory of Spin Fluctuations and Weakly Ferro- and Antiferromagnetic Metals.- 1.9 Unified Picture of Magnetism.- 1.10 Organization of the Book.- 2. Mean-Field Theory of Itinerant Electron Magnetism.- 2.1 Model Hamiltonians.- 2.2 Ferromagnetism.- 2.3 Antiferromagnetism.- 2.4 Spin-Density Waves.- 2.5 Stability of Various Spin Orderings.- 3. Dynamical Mean-Field Theory of Spin Fluctuations.- 3.1 Stoner Excitations and Spin Waves in Ferromagnetic Metals.- 3.2 General Spin Fluctuations and Dynamical Susceptibilities.- 3.3 Critical Spin Fluctuations.- 3.4 Antiferromagnets.- 3.5 Limitations of the Hartree-Fock-RPA Theory.- 4. Self-Consistent Renormalization (SCR) Theory of Spin Fluctuations.- 4.1 Expressions for the Free Energy of an Interacting Electron System.- 4.2 Paramagnon Theories.- 4.3 SCR Theory of Ferromagnetic Metals.- 4.3.1 Curie Temperature and Magnetic Susceptibility Above TC.- 4.3.2 Analytical Explanation of the New CW Law.- 4.3.3 Magnetization Below TC.- 4.3.4 Rotationally Invariant Treatment.- 4.4 Phenomenological Mode-Mode Coupling Theory.- 4.5 SCR Theory of Antiferro- and Helimagnetic Metals.- 4.6 Physical Origin of the New Curie-Weiss Susceptibility.- 4.6.1 Temperature Variation of the Mean-Square Local Amplitude of Spin Fluctuation.- 4.6.2 Spatial Spin Correlation.- 4.7 Coexistence of and Phase Transitions Between Ferro- and Antiferromagnetism.- 4.8 Quantitative Aspects of the SCR Theory for Weak Itinerant Ferromagnets.- 5. Physical Properties of Weakly and Nearly Ferro- and Antiferromagnetic Metals.- 5.1 Properties of Spin Fluctuations.- 5.2 Thermal Expansion.- 5.3 Specific Heat.- 5.4 Nuclear Spin Relaxation.- 5.4.1 Weakly and Nearly Ferromagnetic Metals.- 5.4.2 Weakly and Nearly Antiferromagnetic Metals.- 5.5 Electrical and Thermal Resistivities and Magnetoresistance.- 5.5.1 Weakly and Nearly Ferromagnetic Metals.- 5.5.2 Antiferromagnets.- 5.6 Coupling Between Spin and Charge Density Fluctuations.- 6. Local Magnetic Moments.- 6.1 Local Moments in Insulator Magnets.- 6.2 Metal-Insulator (Mott) Transition.- 6.3 s-d or s-f Exchange Model.- 6.4 Local Moment Formation in Metals.- 6.4.1 Virtual Bound State.- 6.4.2 The Anderson Model.- 6.4.3 The Wolff-Clogston Tight-Binding Model.- 6.5 Physical Properties of a Single Local Moment in Metals.- 6.6 Interaction Between a Pair of Local Moments in Metals.- 6.7 Local Moment Description of Magnetic Transition Metals.- 7. A Unified Theory and Its General Consequences.- 7.1 General Considerations Toward a Unified Theory.- 7.2 A Phenomenological Description of the Unified Theory.- 7.3 General Mechanism for the Curie-Weiss Susceptibility.- 7.3.1 A Mean Mode-Mode Coupling Theory of Magnetic Susceptibility.- 7.3.2 General Expressions for the Curie Temperature and Susceptibility.- 7.3.3 Spin Correlations and Magnetic Susceptibility.- 7.4 Possibility for Systematic Analyses of Experimental Results.- 7.5 Temperature Variation of the Local Amplitude of Spin Fluctuation.- 7.5.1 General Remarks.- 7.5.2 Temperature-Induced Local Moments.- 7.6 Limitations of the Adiabatic Approximation.- 8. Functional Integral Theory.- 8.1 Basic Formalism.- 8.2 Local Moment in Metals.- 8.3 Band Magnetism — A General Formalism.- 8.4 Methods of Calculating the Free Energy Functional.- 8.4.1 A Closed-Form Expression for ? [?, ?].- 8.4.2 Long-Wavelength Approximations.- 8.5 A Unified Description of Magnetism in Narrow-Band Systems.- 8.6 Approximation Methods of Evaluating the Functional Integrals.- 8.6.1 Unified Theory.- 8.6.2 Molecular Field (Single-Site) Approximation.- 8.6.3 Choice of Forms for the Interaction Hamiltonian.- 8.7 Results of Numerical Calculations.- 8.7.1 Ferromagnetic Transition Metals ?-Fe, Co, Ni.- 8.7.2 Antiferromagnetic Transition Metals.- 8.7.3 FeSi, Nearly Ferromagnetic Semiconductor.- 8.7.4 Temperature-Induced Local Moments in CoS2, CoSe2.- 8.7.5 Magnetovolume Effects.- 8.8 Supplementary Discussions on Various Approaches and Physical Pictures.- 8.8.1 The Hartree-Fock Theory for Excited States with Spatially Varying Spin Density.- 8.8.2 Local Band Theory.- 8.8.3 Persistence of Exchange Splitting of the Band Above TC.- 9. Spin Fluctuations in d-Electron Systems.- 9.1 Spin Fluctuations and Neutron-Scattering Measurements.- 9.2 Local Moment Systems.- 9.2.1 Heusler Alloys.- 9.2.2 EuO.- 9.3 Substances Close to the Local Moment Limit.- 9.3.1 MnPt3, FePd3.- 9.3.2 FePt3.- 9.4 Substances Close to the Weakly Ferro- and Antiferromagnetic Limits.- 9.4.1 MnSi.- 9.4.2 Cr.- 9.5 Substances in the Intermediate Regime: q-Space Description.- 9.5.1 Fe3Pt.- 9.5.2 CeFe2.- 9.5.3 ?-Mn, ?-(FeMn), ?-Fe.- 9.5.4 ?-Mn.- 9.6 Ferromagnetic Transition Metals Fe, Co, and Ni.- 9.7 Some Systematic Trends in Paramagnetic Scattering.- 10. Toward a Unified Theory of Dynamical Spin Fluctuations.- 10.1 General Considerations.- 10.2 Green’s Function Theory of Dynamical Susceptibilities.- 10.3 Effect of Electron Lifetime on RPA-SCR Spin Fluctuations.- 11. Concluding Remarks.- References.
£64.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Solid State Properties: From Bulk to Nano
Book SynopsisThis book fills a gap between many of the basic solid state physics and materials sciencebooks that are currently available. It is written for a mixed audience of electricalengineering and applied physics students who have some knowledge of elementaryundergraduate quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics. This book, based on asuccessful course taught at MIT, is divided pedagogically into three parts: (I) ElectronicStructure, (II) Transport Properties, and (III) Optical Properties. Each topic is explainedin the context of bulk materials and then extended to low-dimensional materials whereapplicable. Problem sets review the content of each chapter to help students to understandthe material described in each of the chapters more deeply and to prepare them to masterthe next chapters.Table of ContentsCrystal Lattices in Real and Reciprocal Space.- Electronic Properties of Solids.- Weak and Tight Binding Approximations for Simple Solid State Models.- Examples of Energy Bands in Solids.- Effective Mass Theory.- Lattice Vibrations.- Basic Transport Phenomena.- Thermal Transport.- Electron and Phonon Scattering.- Magneto-transport Phenomena.- Transport in Low Dimensional Systems.- Two Dimensional Electron Gas, Quantum Wells & Semiconductor Superlattices.- Magneto-Oscillatory and Other Effects Associated with Landau Levels.- The Quantum Hall Effect (QHE).- Review of Fundamental Relations for Optical Phenomena.- Drude Theory–Free Carrier Contribution to the Optical Properties.- Interband Transitions.- Absorption of Light in Solids.- Optical Properties of Solids Over a Wide Frequency Range.- Impurities and Excitons.- Luminescence and Photoconductivity.- Optical Study of Lattice Vibrations.
£104.49
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Quantum Information Theory: Mathematical Foundation
Book SynopsisThis graduate textbook provides a unified view of quantum information theory. Clearly explaining the necessary mathematical basis, it merges key topics from both information-theoretic and quantum- mechanical viewpoints and provides lucid explanations of the basic results. Thanks to this unified approach, it makes accessible such advanced topics in quantum communication as quantum teleportation, superdense coding, quantum state transmission (quantum error-correction) and quantum encryption.Since the publication of the preceding book Quantum Information: An Introduction, there have been tremendous strides in the field of quantum information. In particular, the following topics – all of which are addressed here – made seen major advances: quantum state discrimination, quantum channel capacity, bipartite and multipartite entanglement, security analysis on quantum communication, reverse Shannon theorem and uncertainty relation.With regard to the analysis of quantum security, the present book employs an improved method for the evaluation of leaked information and identifies a remarkable relation between quantum security and quantum coherence. Taken together, these two improvements allow a better analysis of quantum state transmission. In addition, various types of the newly discovered uncertainty relation are explained.Presenting a wealth of new developments, the book introduces readers to the latest advances and challenges in quantum information.To aid in understanding, each chapter is accompanied by a set of exercises and solutions.Table of ContentsInvitation to Quantum Information Theory.- History of Quantum Information Theory.- The Structure of this Text.- Mathematical Formulation of Quantum Systems.- Information Quantities and Parameter Estimation in Classical Systems.- Quantum Hypothesis Testing and Discrimination of Quantum States.- Classical-Quantum Channel Coding (Message Transmission).- State Evolution and Trace-Preserving Completely Positive Maps.- Quantum Information Geometry and Quantum Estimation.- Quantum Measurements and State Reduction.- Entanglement and Locality Restrictions.- Analysis of Quantum Communication Protocols.
£34.99
Birkhauser Verlag AG The Mathematics of the Bose Gas and its Condensation
Book SynopsisThis book contains a unique survey of the mathematically rigorous results about the quantum-mechanical many-body problem that have been obtained by the authors in the past seven years. It addresses a topic that is not only rich mathematically, using a large variety of techniques in mathematical analysis, but is also one with strong ties to current experiments on ultra-cold Bose gases and Bose-Einstein condensation. The book provides a pedagogical entry into an active area of ongoing research for both graduate students and researchers. It is an outgrowth of a course given by the authors for graduate students and post-doctoral researchers at the Oberwolfach Research Institute in 2004. The book also provides a coherent summary of the field and a reference for mathematicians and physicists active in research on quantum mechanics.Trade Review"The presentation provides significant insight into a large part of the current issues of interest in the physics of Bose systems and especially into the "kitchen" of several relevant mathematical techniques. As such, it is highly recommended to both advanced researchers and students preparing to work in this field." (Mathematical Reviews)Table of ContentsThe Dilute Bose Gas in 3D.- The Dilute Bose Gas in 2D.- Generalized Poincaré Inequalities.- Bose-Einstein Condensation and Superfluidity for Homogeneous Gases.- Gross-Pitaevskii Equation for Trapped Bosons.- Bose-Einstein Condensation and Superfluidity for Dilute Trapped Gases.- One-Dimensional Behavior of Dilute Bose Gases in Traps.- Two-Dimensional Behavior in Disc-Shaped Traps.- The Charged Bose Gas, the One- and Two-Component Cases.- Bose-Einstein Quantum Phase Transition in an Optical Lattice Model.
£37.99
Springer EMC of Analog Integrated Circuits
Book SynopsisEnvironmental electromagnetic pollution has drastically increased over the last decades. The omnipresence of communication systems, various electronic appliances and the use of ever increasing frequencies, all contribute to a noisy electromagnetic environment which acts detrimentally on sensitive electronic equipment. Integrated circuits must be able to operate satisfactorily while cohabiting harmoniously in the same appliance, and not generate intolerable levels of electromagnetic emission, while maintaining a sound immunity to potential electromagnetic disturbances: analog integrated circuits are in particular more easily disturbed than their digital counterparts, since they don't have the benefit of dealing with predefined levels ensuring an innate immunity to disturbances. The objective of the research domain presented in EMC of Analog Integrated Circuits is to improve the electromagnetic immunity of considered analog integrated circuits, so that they start to fail at relevantly higher conduction levels than before.Table of ContentsPreface. 1. INTRODUCTION. 1 The pioneers of wireless communication. 2 Evolution of awareness of electromagnetic compatibility. 3 Electromagnetic compatibility of integrated circuits. 4 Scope of this book. 2. BASIC EMC CONCEPTS AT IC LEVEL. 1 Introduction. 2 Definition of EMC, EMI, EMS and EME. 3 Sources of electromagnetic interference. 4 Electromagnetism versus integrated circuit design. 5 Intra-chip versus externally-coupled EMC. 6 Analog versus digital integrated circuits. 7 EMC in automotive applications. 8 Immunity measurement methods for IC’s: IEC 62132. 3. EMC OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS VERSUS DISTORTION. 1 Introduction. 2 Relationship between EMI resisting design and distortion. 3 Case study 1: diode connected NMOS transistor. 4 Case study 2: NMOS source follower. 5 Case study 3: NMOS current mirror. 6 Case study 4: EMI susceptibility in ESD protections. 7 EMI induced DC shift. 4. EMI RESISTING ANALOG OUTPUT CIRCUITS. 1 Introduction. 2 Categorization of analog output structures. 3 Case study 1: EMI resisting DC current regulator. 4 Case study 2: EMI resisting LIN driver. 5. EMI RESISTING ANALOG INPUT CIRCUITS. 1 Introduction. 2 Case study 1: electromagnetic immunity of CMOS operational amplifiers. 3 Case study 2: EMI resisting instrumentation amplifier input circuit. 6. EMI RESISTING BANDGAP REFERENCES AND LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATORS. 1 Introduction. 2 Case study 1: CMOS bandgap voltage references with a high immunity to EMI. 3 Case study 2: EMI resisting low dropout voltage regulators. 7. EPILOGUE. References. Index.
£123.49
Taylor & Francis Ltd Solid State Physics
Book SynopsisSolid State Physics opens with the adiabatic approximation to the many-body problem of a system of ions and valence electrons. After chapters on lattice symmetry, structure and dynamics, it then proceeds with four chapters devoted to the single-electron theory of the solid state. Semiconductors and dielectrics are covered in depth and chapters on magnetism and superconductivity follow. The book concludes with a chapter on solid surfaces. Every section is followed by solved problems, some of them illustrating areas of current interest in solid state physics, to give the student a practical working knowledge of the subject, and the text is illustrated by many supplementary examples.Table of Contents1. Systems of Atoms 2. Lattice Symmetry 3. Lattice and Structure 4. Lattice Dynamics 5. Electron Kinetics 6. Electron Dynamics 7. Semiconductor Physics 8. Dielectrics 9. Solid State Magnetism 10. Superconductivity 11. Solid Surfaces
£226.22
£17.09
Springer Multicomponent Polymeric Materials
Book SynopsisThe book offers an in-depth review of the materials design and manufacturing processes employed in the development of multi-component or multiphase polymer material systems. This field has seen rapid growth in both academic and industrial research, as multiphase materials are increasingly replacing traditional single-component materials in commercial applications. Many obstacles can be overcome by processing and using multiphase materials in automobile, construction, aerospace, food processing, and other chemical industry applications. The comprehensive description of the processing, characterization, and application of multiphase materials presented in this book offers a world of new ideas and potential technological advantages for academics, researchers, students, and industrial manufacturers from diverse fields including rubber engineering, polymer chemistry, materials processing and chemical science. From the commercial point of view it will be of great value to those involved in processing, optimizing and manufacturing new materials for novel end-use applications. The book takes a detailed approach to the description of process parameters, process optimization, mold design, and other core manufacturing information. Details of injection, extrusion, and compression molding processes have been provided based on the most recent advances in the field. Over two comprehensive sections the book covers the entire field of multiphase polymer materials, from a detailed description of material design and processing to the cutting-edge applications of such multiphase materials. It provides both precise guidelines and general concepts for the present and future leaders in academic and industrial sectors.Table of ContentsSection I: Multicimponent Polymer Material Processing.Chapter 1: Introduction: Multi Component Materials.Chapter 2: Design for Multicomponent Materials.Chapter 3: Design of Mold for Multicomponent Material.Chapter 4: Injection Molding for Multicomponent Materials.Chapter 5: Extrusion of Multicomponent Product.Chapter 6: Compression for Multiphase Products.Chapter 7: Paints and Coating of Multicomponent Product. Section II: Applications of Multicomponent Product.Chapter 8: Multilayer Polymer Films.Chapter 9: Hybrid Systems for Multi-Layer Fuel and Air Hoses in Automobiles.Chapter 10: Multilayer Pipes.Chapter 11: Multilayer (Fuel) Storage Tank.Chapter 12: Multilayer Bottles.Chapter 13: Multiphase Materials for Tire Applications.Chapter 14: Interfacial Compatibilization of Multilayered Products. Chapter 15: Multilayer Nanowires and Miscellaneous Multilayer Products.
£151.99
IntechOpen Carbon Nanotubes
£153.00
Springer History of Solid State Physics
Book SynopsisEarly developments in science.- Classical mechanics.- Optics.- Quantum mechanics and relativity theory.- Structure of crystalline solids.- Structure of amorphous solids.- Lattice defects in crystalline solids.- Heat and thermodynamics of solids.- Radioactivity and nuclear energy.- Electronic structure and band theory of solids.- Electricity magnetism electromagnetism and magnetic solids.- Magnetic resonance in solids.- Dielectric properties of solids.- Lattice vibrations in crystalline solids.- Superconductivity.- Solid state electronics.- Smart materials.- Nanophysics and nanotechnology.- Epilogue.- References and bibliographies.
£142.49
Springer Verlag, Singapore Membrane Physics of CarbonBased Materials
£104.49
Springer Biobased Foam Sorbents
Book Synopsis.- Introduction to Oil Spill and Sorbents..- Bio based Foam Sorbents Chemistry Synthesis and Properties..- Factors Affecting Foam Sorbent Performance..- Properties of Bio based Foam Sorbents..- Scalability and Other Considerations of Biobased Foam Sorbents..- Future Directions and Innovations.
£104.49
Springer Chitosan
Book Synopsis1. Chitosan Nanoparticles.- 2. Preparation and Functionalization of the chitosan derivatives.- 3. Green derivatization of chitosan nanoparticles.- 4. Modification of Chitosan Nanoparticles (CSNPs).- 5. Regulatory Status and Clinical Trials of Chitosan and Derivatives.
£123.49
Springer Polymer Nanocomposites for 3D 4D and 5D Printing
Book SynopsisThe current state-of-the-art and emerging advancements in 3D, 4D, and 5D printing technologies.- Fundamental Concepts, Classification, and Materials used for 3D, 4D, and 5D Printing.- Nanotechnologies and Nanomaterials in 3D, 4D, and 5D Printing technologies.- Processing Techniques and Challenges of 3D, 4D, and 5D Printed Polymer nanocomposites.- Additive Manufacturing Technologies for Polymer Nanocomposites.
£113.99
Springer LowDimensional Multifunctional Hybrid Nanostructured Materials
Book SynopsisLow-Dimensional and Multifunctional Hybrid Materials for Energy Storage: An Introduction.- Characterization Technique for Energy Storage Nanomaterials.- Low dimensional Nanomaterials for Hydrogen Storage.- Li-Ion Batteries for Energy Storage.- Recent Investigation of Na and K-Ion Batteries.
£151.99
Springer Advanced Bionano Composite Materials
Book SynopsisBionano Composite Materials for Sustainable Development.- Biomaterials Fabrication of Advanced Bionano Composites A Sustainable Approach.- Bioprepregs and Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Bionano Composites.- Smart and Adaptive Bionano Composite Materials Processing and Fabrication.- Advanced Characterization and Properties of Bionano Composite Materials.
£151.99
Springer 2D Materials
Book SynopsisIntroduction to 2D materials.- Advanced Fabrication Methods of 2D Materials.- Fabrication and Applications of Graphene Oxide.- Fabrication and Applications of hexagonal Boron nitride (h-BN).- Fabrication and Applications of MXenes.- Fabrication and Applications of 2D layered hydroxides (LDH).- Applications of 2D materials in Electromagnetic Interference Shielding.- Applications of 2D materials in Electrochemical Energy Storage.
£151.99
Springer Verlag, Singapore Green Carbon Quantum Dots
Book SynopsisThis book highlights the environmental applications of plant-mediated carbon quantum dots, i.e., detection of heavy metals, sensing of toxic organic compounds, degradation of dyes and other toxic compounds, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, detection of drugs, etc.
£999.99