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Book SynopsisThe wireless medium is a shared resource. If nearby devices transmit at the same time, their signals interfere, resulting in a collision. In traditional networks, collisions cause the loss of the transmitted information. For this reason, wireless networks have been designed with the assumption that interference is intrinsically harmful and must be avoided. This book, a revised version of the author's award-winning Ph.D. dissertation, takes an alternate approach: Instead of viewing interference as an inherently counterproductive phenomenon that should to be avoided, we design practical systems that transform interference into a harmless, and even a beneficial phenomenon. To achieve this goal, we consider how wireless signals interact when they interfere, and use this understanding in our system designs. Specifically, when interference occurs, the signals get mixed on the wireless medium. By understanding the parameters of this mixing, we can invert the mixing and decode the interfered packets; thus, making interference harmless. Furthermore, we can control this mixing process to create strategic interference that allow decodability at a particular receiver of interest, but prevent decodability at unintended receivers and adversaries. Hence, we can transform interference into a beneficial phenomenon that provides security. Building on this approach, we make four main contributions: We present the first WiFi receiver that can successfully reconstruct the transmitted information in the presence of packet collisions. Next, we introduce a WiFi receiver design that can decode in the presence of high-power cross-technology interference from devices like baby monitors, cordless phones, microwave ovens, or even unknown technologies. We then show how we can harness interference to improve security. In particular, we develop the first system that secures an insecure medical implant without any modification to the implant itself. Finally, we present a solution that establishes secure connections between any two WiFi devices, without having users enter passwords or use pre-shared secret keys.

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Book SynopsisAs science becomes increasingly computational, the limits of what is computationally tractable become a barrier to scientific progress. Many scientific problems, however, are amenable to human problem solving skills that complement computational power. By leveraging these skills on a larger scale---beyond the relatively few individuals currently engaged in scientific inquiry-there is the potential for new scientific discoveries. This book presents a framework for mapping open scientific problems into video games. The game framework combines computational power with human problem solving and creativity to work toward solving scientific problems that neither computers nor humans could previously solve alone. To maximize the potential contributors to scientific discovery, the framework designs a game to be played by people with no formal scientific background and incentivizes long-term engagement with a myriad of collaborative or competitive reward structures. The framework allows for the continual coevolution of the players and the game to each other: as players gain expertise through gameplay, the game changes to become a better tool. The framework is validated by being applied to proteomics problems with the video game Foldit. Foldit players have contributed to novel discoveries in protein structure prediction, protein design, and protein structure refinement algorithms. The coevolution of human problem solving and computer tools in an incentivized game framework is an exciting new scientific pathway that can lead to discoveries currently unreachable by other methods.

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Book SynopsisThe aim of cryptography is to design primitives and protocols that withstand adversarial behavior. Information theoretic cryptography, how-so-ever desirable, is extremely restrictive and most non-trivial cryptographic tasks are known to be information theoretically impossible. In order to realize sophisticated cryptographic primitives, we forgo information theoretic security and assume limitations on what can be efficiently computed. In other words we attempt to build secure systems conditioned on some computational intractability assumption such as factoring, discrete log, decisional Diffie-Hellman, learning with errors, and many more.In this work, based on the 2013 ACM Doctoral Dissertation Award-winning thesis, we put forth new plausible lattice-based constructions with properties that approximate the sought after multilinear maps. The multilinear analog of the decision Diffie-Hellman problem appears to be hard in our construction, and this allows for their use in cryptography. These constructions open doors to providing solutions to a number of important open problems.Table of Contents Introduction Survey of Applications Multilinear Maps and Graded Encoding Systems Preliminaries I: Lattices Preliminaries II: Algebraic Number Theory Background The New Encoding Schemes Security of Our Constructions Preliminaries III: Computation in a Number Field Survey of Lattice Cryptanalysis One-Round Key Exchange Generalizing Graded Encoding Systems Bibliography Author's Biography

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Book SynopsisAs science becomes increasingly computational, the limits of what is computationally tractable become a barrier to scientific progress. Many scientific problems, however, are amenable to human problem solving skills that complement computational power. By leveraging these skills on a larger scale-beyond the relatively few individuals currently engaged in scientific inquiry-there is the potential for new scientific discoveries. This book presents a framework for mapping open scientific problems into video games. The game framework combines computational power with human problem solving and creativity to work toward solving scientific problems that neither computers nor humans could previously solve alone. To maximize the potential contributors to scientific discovery, the framework designs a game to be played by people with no formal scientific background and incentivizes long-term engagement with a myriad of collaborative or competitive reward structures. The framework allows for the continual coevolution of the players and the game to each other: as players gain expertise through gameplay, the game changes to become a better tool. The framework is validated by being applied to proteomics problems with the video game Foldit. Foldit players have contributed to novel discoveries in protein structure prediction, protein design, and protein structure refinement algorithms. The coevolution of human problem solving and computer tools in an incentivized game framework is an exciting new scientific pathway that can lead to discoveries currently unreachable by other methods.

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Book SynopsisSmarter Than Their Machines: Oral Histories of the Pioneers of Interactive Computing is based on oral histories archived at the Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota. Included are the oral histories of some key pioneers of the computer industry selected by John that led to interactive computing, such as Richard Bloch, Gene Amdahl, Herbert W. Robinson, Sam Wyly, J.C.R. Licklider, Ivan Sutherland, Larry Roberts, Robert Kahn, Marvin Minsky, Michael Dertouzos, and Joseph Traub, as well as his own. John has woven them together via introductions that is, in essence, a personal walk down the computer industry road. John had the unique advantage of having been part of, or witness to, much of the history contained in these oral histories beginning as a co-op student at Arthur D. Little, Inc., in the 1950's. Eventually, he would become a pioneer in his own right by creating the computer industry's first successful software products company (Cullinane Corporation). However, an added benefit of reading these oral histories is that they contain important messages for our leaders of today, at all levels, including that government, industry, and academia can accomplish great things when working together in an effective way. This is how the computer industry was created, which then led to the Internet, both totally unanticipated just 75 years ago.

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Book SynopsisAs society rushes to digitize sensitive information and services, it is imperative to adopt adequate security protections. However, such protections fundamentally conflict with the benefits we expect from commodity computers. In other words, consumers and businesses value commodity computers because they provide good performance and an abundance of features at relatively low costs. Meanwhile, attempts to build secure systems from the ground up typically abandon such goals, and hence are seldomadopted.In this book, I argue that we can resolve the tension between security and features by leveraging the trust a user has in one device to enable her to securely use another commodity device or service, without sacrificing the performance and features expected of commodity systems. At a high level, we support this premise by developing techniques to allow a user to employ a small, trusted, portable device to securely learn what code is executing on her local computer. Rather than entrusting her data to the mountain of buggy code likely running on her computer, we construct an on-demand secure execution environment which can perform security-sensitive tasks and handle private data in complete isolation from all other software (and most hardware) on the system. Meanwhile, non-security-sensitive software retains the same abundance of features and performance it enjoys today.Having established an environment for secure code execution on an individual computer, we then show how to extend trust in this environment to network elements in a secure and efficient manner. This allows us to reexamine the design of network protocols and defenses, since we can now execute code on endhosts and trust the results within the network. Lastly, we extend the user's trust one more step to encompass computations performed on a remote host (e.g., in the cloud). We design, analyze, and prove secure a protocol that allows a user to outsource arbitrary computations to commodity computers run by an untrusted remote party (or parties) who may subject the computers to both software and hardware attacks. Our protocol guarantees that the user can both verify that the results returned are indeed the correct results of the specified computations on the inputs provided, and protect the secrecy of both the inputs and outputs of the computations. These guarantees are provided in a non-interactive, asymptotically optimal (with respect to CPU and bandwidth) manner.Thus, extending a user's trust, via software, hardware, and cryptographic techniques, allows us to provide strong security protections for both local and remote computations on sensitive data, while still preserving the performance and features of commodity computers.

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Book SynopsisThe wireless medium is a shared resource. If nearby devices transmit at the same time, their signals interfere, resulting in a collision. In traditional networks, collisions cause the loss of the transmitted information. For this reason, wireless networks have been designed with the assumption that interference is intrinsically harmful and must be avoided. This book, a revised version of the author's award-winning Ph.D. dissertation, takes an alternate approach: Instead of viewing interference as an inherently counterproductive phenomenon that should to be avoided, we design practical systems that transform interference into a harmless, and even a beneficial phenomenon. To achieve this goal, we consider how wireless signals interact when they interfere, and use this understanding in our system designs. Specifically, when interference occurs, the signals get mixed on the wireless medium. By understanding the parameters of this mixing, we can invert the mixing and decode the interfered packets; thus, making interference harmless. Furthermore, we can control this mixing process to create strategic interference that allow decodability at a particular receiver of interest, but prevent decodability at unintended receivers and adversaries. Hence, we can transform interference into a beneficial phenomenon that provides security. Building on this approach, we make four main contributions: We present the first WiFi receiver that can successfully reconstruct the transmitted information in the presence of packet collisions. Next, we introduce a WiFi receiver design that can decode in the presence of high-power cross-technology interference from devices like baby monitors, cordless phones, microwave ovens, or even unknown technologies. We then show how we can harness interference to improve security. In particular, we develop the first system that secures an insecure medical implant without any modification to the implant itself. Finally, we present a solution that establishes secure connections between any two WiFi devices, without having users enter passwords or use pre-shared secret keys.

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Book SynopsisThe aim of cryptography is to design primitives and protocols that withstand adversarial behavior. Information theoretic cryptography, how-so-ever desirable, is extremely restrictive and most non-trivial cryptographic tasks are known to be information theoretically impossible. In order to realize sophisticated cryptographic primitives, we forgo information theoretic security and assume limitations on what can be efficiently computed. In other words we attempt to build secure systems conditioned on some computational intractability assumption such as factoring, discrete log, decisional Diffie-Hellman, learning with errors, and many more.In this work, based on the 2013 ACM Doctoral Dissertation Award-winning thesis, we put forth new plausible lattice-based constructions with properties that approximate the sought after multilinear maps. The multilinear analog of the decision Diffie-Hellman problem appears to be hard in our construction, and this allows for their use in cryptography. These constructions open doors to providing solutions to a number of important open problems.Table of Contents Introduction Survey of Applications Multilinear Maps and Graded Encoding Systems Preliminaries I: Lattices Preliminaries II: Algebraic Number Theory Background The New Encoding Schemes Security of Our Constructions Preliminaries III: Computation in a Number Field Survey of Lattice Cryptanalysis One-Round Key Exchange Generalizing Graded Encoding Systems Bibliography Author's Biography

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Book SynopsisSmarter Than Their Machines: Oral Histories of the Pioneers of Interactive Computing is based on oral histories archived at the Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota. Included are the oral histories of some key pioneers of the computer industry selected by John that led to interactive computing, such as Richard Bloch, Gene Amdahl, Herbert W. Robinson, Sam Wyly, J.C.R. Licklider, Ivan Sutherland, Larry Roberts, Robert Kahn, Marvin Minsky, Michael Dertouzos, and Joseph Traub, as well as his own. John has woven them together via introductions that is, in essence, a personal walk down the computer industry road. John had the unique advantage of having been part of, or witness to, much of the history contained in these oral histories beginning as a co-op student at Arthur D. Little, Inc., in the 1950's. Eventually, he would become a pioneer in his own right by creating the computer industry's first successful software products company (Cullinane Corporation). However, an added benefit of reading these oral histories is that they contain important messages for our leaders of today, at all levels, including that government, industry, and academia can accomplish great things when working together in an effective way. This is how the computer industry was created, which then led to the Internet, both totally unanticipated just 75 years ago.

Read more less

Book SynopsisAs society rushes to digitize sensitive information and services, it is imperative to adopt adequate security protections. However, such protections fundamentally conflict with the benefits we expect from commodity computers. In other words, consumers and businesses value commodity computers because they provide good performance and an abundance of features at relatively low costs. Meanwhile, attempts to build secure systems from the ground up typically abandon such goals, and hence are seldomadopted.In this book, I argue that we can resolve the tension between security and features by leveraging the trust a user has in one device to enable her to securely use another commodity device or service, without sacrificing the performance and features expected of commodity systems. At a high level, we support this premise by developing techniques to allow a user to employ a small, trusted, portable device to securely learn what code is executing on her local computer. Rather than entrusting her data to the mountain of buggy code likely running on her computer, we construct an on-demand secure execution environment which can perform security-sensitive tasks and handle private data in complete isolation from all other software (and most hardware) on the system. Meanwhile, non-security-sensitive software retains the same abundance of features and performance it enjoys today.Having established an environment for secure code execution on an individual computer, we then show how to extend trust in this environment to network elements in a secure and efficient manner. This allows us to reexamine the design of network protocols and defenses, since we can now execute code on endhosts and trust the results within the network. Lastly, we extend the user's trust one more step to encompass computations performed on a remote host (e.g., in the cloud). We design, analyze, and prove secure a protocol that allows a user to outsource arbitrary computations to commodity computers run by an untrusted remote party (or parties) who may subject the computers to both software and hardware attacks. Our protocol guarantees that the user can both verify that the results returned are indeed the correct results of the specified computations on the inputs provided, and protect the secrecy of both the inputs and outputs of the computations. These guarantees are provided in a non-interactive, asymptotically optimal (with respect to CPU and bandwidth) manner.Thus, extending a user's trust, via software, hardware, and cryptographic techniques, allows us to provide strong security protections for both local and remote computations on sensitive data, while still preserving the performance and features of commodity computers.

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Book SynopsisThis book is a guide to the combination of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the Semantic Web, covering a variety of tools, technologies and applications that serve the myriad needs of the researchers in this field. It provides a multi dimensional view of the concepts, tools, techniques and issues that are involved in the development of semantics for the Web of Things.The various aspects studied in this book include Multi-Model Multi-Platform (SHM3P) databases for the IoT, clustering techniques for discovery services for the semantic IoT, dynamic security testing methods for the Semantic Web of Things, Semantic Web-enabled IoT integration for a smart city, IoT security issues, the role of the Semantic Web of Things in Industry 4.0, the integration of the Semantic Web and the IoT for e-health, smart healthcare systems to monitor patients, Semantic Web-based ontologies for the water domain, science fiction and searching for a job.Table of ContentsPreface xiShikha MEHTA, Sanju TIWARI, Patrick SIARRY and M.A JABBAR Chapter 1 The Role of Semantic Hybrid Multi-Model Multi-Platform (SHM3P) Databases for IoT 1Sven GROPPE, Jinghua GROPPE and Tobias GROTH 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Databases for multi-model data 5 1.3 Platforms 7 1.4 Variations of SHM3P DBMS 13 1.5 What are the benefits of SHM3P databases for IoT? 14 1.5.1 Data storage and placement 14 1.5.2 Data processing 15 1.5.3 IoT applications 15 1.6 Summary and conclusions 16 1.7 References 16 Chapter 2 A Systematic Review of Ontologies for the Water Domain 21Sanju TIWARI and Raúl GARCÍA-CASTRO 2.1 Introduction 21 2.2 Literature review 23 2.2.1 Features in the water domain 23 2.2.2 Semantic models in the water domain 24 2.2.3 A comprehensive review of ontologies in the water domain 24 2.3 Applications of ontologies in the water domain 32 2.4 Discussion and conclusion 35 2.5 References 36 Chapter 3 Semantic Web Approach for Smart Health to Enhance Patient Monitoring in Resuscitation 41Fatima Zahra AMARA, Mounir HEMAM, Meriem DJEZZAR and Moufida MAIMOUR 3.1 Introduction 42 3.2 Background 43 3.2.1 Semantic Web 43 3.2.2 SSN (Semantic Sensor Network) ontology 44 3.3 IoT Smart Health applications and semantics 45 3.4 Proposed approach and implementation 46 3.4.1 Knowledge representation 47 3.4.2 Ontology evaluation 51 3.4.3 Reasoning and querying 51 3.4.4 Linked Data 55 3.5 Conclusion 56 3.6 References 57 Chapter 4 Role of Clustering in Discovery Services for the Semantic Internet of Things 61Shachi SHARMA 4.1 Introduction 61 4.2 Discovery services in IoT 64 4.2.1 Directory-based architectures 64 4.2.2 Directory-less architectures 66 4.3 Semantic-based architectures 67 4.3.1 Search engine-based 67 4.3.2 ONS DNS-based 68 4.4 Discovery services and clustering 68 4.5 Clustering methods in IoT 69 4.6 Conclusion 71 4.7 References 71 Chapter 5 Dynamic Security Testing Techniques for the Semantic Web of Things: Market and Industry Perspective 75Dhananjay SINGH CHAUHAN, Gaurav CHOUDHARY, Shishir Kumar SHANDILYA and Vikas SIHAG 5.1 Introduction 75 5.2 Related studies 77 5.3 Background of dynamic security testing techniques 79 5.3.1 Black Box testing techniques 80 5.4 DAST using static analysis 82 5.4.1 Current implementation 82 5.5 DAST using user session 84 5.5.1 Current implementation 84 5.6 DAST using Extended Tainted Mode Model 86 5.6.1 Current implementation 87 5.7 Current issues and research directions 88 5.8 Conclusion 89 5.9 References 89 Chapter 6 SciFiOnto: Modeling, Visualization and Evaluation of Science Fiction Ontologies Based on Indian Contextualization with Automatic Knowledge Acquisition 93Gerard DEEPAK, Ayush A KUMAR and Sheeba J PRIYADARSHINI 6.1 Introduction 94 6.2 Literature survey 97 6.2.1 Formulation and modeling of ontologies for varied domains of importance 97 6.2.2 Auxiliary automatic and semi-automatic models in ontology synthesis 97 6.2.3 Ontology-driven systems and applications 98 6.2.4 Automatic Knowledge Acquisition systems 99 6.2.5 Science fiction as an independent domain of existence 99 6.3 Modeling and evaluation of the ontology 100 6.3.1 Ontology modeling 100 6.3.2 Ontology visualization 104 6.3.3 Ontology evaluation 107 6.4 Automatic Knowledge Acquisition model 111 6.4.1 System architecture 111 6.4.2 Acquisition algorithm 113 6.5 Conclusion 119 6.6 References 119 Chapter 7 Semantic Web-Enabled IoT Integration for a Smart City 123Ronak PANCHAL and Fernando ORTIZ-RODRIGUEZ 7.1 Introduction: Semantic Web and sensors 123 7.2 Motivation and challenge 124 7.3 Literature review 124 7.4 Implementation of forest planting using SPARQL queries 125 7.4.1 Architecture sketch with conceptual diagram 125 7.4.2 Implementation ontology from the dataset 126 7.4.3 Technologies and tools 129 7.5 Conclusion 136 7.6 References 136 Chapter 8 Heart Rate Monitoring Using IoT and AI 139Kalpana MURUGAN, Cherukuri NIKHIL KUMAR, Donthu Sai SUBASH and Sangam DEVA KISHORE REDDY 8.1 Introduction 140 8.2 Literature survey 142 8.3 Heart rate monitoring system 145 8.4 Results and discussion 149 8.5 Conclusion and future works 152 8.6 References 152 Chapter 9 IoT Security Issues and Its Defensive Methods 155Keshavi NALLA and Seshu VARDHAN POTHABATHULA 9.1 Introduction 155 9.2 IoT security architecture 158 9.2.1 Typical IoT architecture 158 9.2.2 Centralized and distributed approaches over the IoT security architecture 161 9.2.3 IoT security architecture based on blockchain 163 9.2.4 Internet of Things security architecture: trust zones and boundaries 164 9.2.5 Threat modeling in IoT security architecture 168 9.3 Specific security challenges and approaches 170 9.3.1 Identity and authentication 170 9.3.2 Access control 171 9.3.3 Protocol and network security 172 9.3.4 Privacy 172 9.3.5 Trust and governance 173 9.3.6 Fault tolerance 173 9.4 Methodologies used for securing the systems 174 9.4.1 PKI and digital certificates 174 9.4.2 Network security 174 9.4.3 API security 174 9.4.4 Network access control 175 9.4.5 Segmentation 175 9.4.6 Security gateways 175 9.4.7 Patch management and software updates 175 9.5 Conclusion 176 9.6 References 176 Chapter 10 Elucidating the Semantic Web of Things for Making the Industry 4.0 Revolution a Success 179Deepika CHAUDHARY and Jaiteg SINGH 10.1 Introduction 179 10.2 Correlation of the Semantic Web of Things with IR4.0 180 10.2.1 Smart machines 181 10.2.2 Smart products 182 10.2.3 Augmented operators 182 10.2.4 The Web of Things 183 10.2.5 Semantic Web of Things 184 10.3 Smart manufacturing system and ontologies 185 10.3.1 Vertical level integration 185 10.3.2 Horizontal level of integration 185 10.3.3 End-to-end integration 185 10.4 Literature survey 188 10.5 Conclusion and future work 190 10.6 References 190 Chapter 11 Semantic Web and Internet of Things in e-Health for Covid-19 195ANURAG and Naren JEEVA 11.1 Introduction 196 11.2 Dataset 197 11.3 Application of IoT for Covid-19 198 11.3.1 Continuous real-time remote monitoring 198 11.3.2 Remote monitoring using W-kit 198 11.3.3 Early identification and monitoring 198 11.3.4 Continuous and reliable health monitoring 198 11.3.5 ANN-assisted patient monitoring 199 11.3.6 City lockdown monitoring 199 11.3.7 Technologies for tracking and tracing 199 11.3.8 Tracking and tracing suspected cases 199 11.3.9 Anonymity preserving contact tracing model 200 11.3.10 Cognitive radio-based IoT architecture 200 11.3.11 Analyzing reasons for the outbreak 200 11.3.12 Analyzing Covid-19 cases using disruptive technology 200 11.3.13 Post-Covid applications 201 11.4 Semantic Web applications for Covid-19 201 11.4.1 Ontological approach for drug development 202 11.4.2 Early detection and diagnosis 202 11.4.3 Knowledge-based pre-diagnosis system 202 11.4.4 Semantic-based searching for online learning resources 203 11.4.5 Ontology-based physiological monitoring of students 203 11.4.6 Analysis of clinical trials 203 11.4.7 Data annotation of EHRs 204 11.4.8 Disease pattern study 204 11.4.9 Surveillance in primary care 204 11.4.10 Performance assessment of healthcare services 205 11.4.11 Vaccination drives and rollout strategies 205 11.5 Limitations and challenges of IoT and SW models 205 11.6 Discussion 206 11.7 Conclusion 206 11.8 References 207 Chapter 12 Development of a Semantic Web Enabled Job_Search Ontology System 211Hina J CHOKSHI, Dhaval VYAS and Ronak PANCHAL 12.1 Introduction 211 12.1.1 Ontology 212 12.1.2 Importance of ontology 213 12.1.3 Semantic Web and its solutions 214 12.1.4 Online recruitment scenarios 214 12.2 Review of the related work done for online recruitment 215 12.3 Design of “SearchAJob” ontology for the IT domain 217 12.3.1 Ontology structure 218 12.4 Implementing the proposed ontology 222 12.4.1 Architecture of semantics-based job ontology 223 12.5 Benefits of Semantic Web enabled SearchAJob system 231 12.6 Conclusion and future scope 232 12.7 References 233 List of Authors 237 Index 241

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Book SynopsisIn order to study living organisms, scientists not only study them at an overall macroscopic scale but also on a more detailed microscopic scale. This observation, pushed to its limits, consists of investigating the very center of each cell, where we find the molecules that determine the way it functions: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). In an organism, DNA carries the genetic information, which is called the genome. It is represented as four-letter sequences using the letters A, C, G and T; based on these sequences, computer methods described in this book can answer fundamental questions in bioinformatics. This book explores how to quickly find sequences of a few hundred nucleotides within a genome that may be made up of several billion, how to compare those sequences and how to reconstruct the complete sequence of a genome. It also discusses the problems of identifying bacteria in a given environment and predicting the structure of RNA based on its sequence.Table of ContentsPreface xi Author Biographies xvii Chapter 1 Methodological Concepts: Algorithmic Solutions of Bioinformatics Problems 1 Annie CHATEAU and Tom DAVOT-GRANGÉ 1.1 Data, Models, Problem Formalism in Bioinformatics 1 1.1.1 Data 1 1.1.2 Genome Modeling 4 1.1.3 Problems in Bioinformatics 5 1.2 Mathematical Preliminaries 6 1.2.1 Propositional Logic Preliminaries 6 1.2.2 Preliminaries on Sets 7 1.3 Vocabulary in Text Algorithmics 9 1.4 Graph Theory 10 1.4.1 Subgraphs 12 1.4.2 Path in a Graph 13 1.4.3 Matching 13 1.4.4 Planarity 14 1.4.5 Tree Decomposition 15 1.5 Algorithmic Problems 16 1.5.1 Definition 16 1.5.2 Graph Problem 17 1.5.3 Satisfiability Problems 19 1.6 Problem Solutions 20 1.6.1 Algorithm 20 1.6.2 Complexity 21 1.6.3 Runtime 24 1.7 Complexity Classes 26 1.7.1 Generality 26 1.7.2 Exact Algorithms 28 1.7.3 Approximation Algorithms 32 1.7.4 Solvers 34 1.8 Some Algorithmic Techniques 35 1.8.1 Dynamic Programming 35 1.8.2 Tree Traversal 38 1.9 Validation 41 1.9.1 The Different Types of Errors 42 1.9.2 Quality Measures 44 1.9.3 And in the Non-Binary Case? 46 1.10 Conclusion 47 1.11 References 47 Chapter 2 Sequence Indexing 49 Thierry LECROQ and Mikaël SALSON 2.1 Introduction 49 2.1.1 What is Indexing? 50 2.1.2 When to Index? 51 2.1.3 What to Index? 51 2.1.4 Indexing Structures and Queries Considered 52 2.1.5 Basic Notions and Vocabulary 53 2.2 Word Indexing 54 2.2.1 Bloom Filters 54 2.2.2 Inverted List 56 2.2.3 De Bruijn Graphs 60 2.2.4 Efficient Structures for Targeted Queries 61 2.3 Full-Text Indexing 62 2.3.1 Suffix Tree 62 2.3.2 (Extended) Suffix Array 64 2.3.3 Burrows–Wheeler Transform 67 2.4 Indexing Choice Criteria 76 2.4.1 Based on the Type of the Necessary Query 77 2.4.2 Based on the Space-Time and Data Quantity Trade-Off 77 2.4.3 Based on the Need to Add or Modify Indexed Data 79 2.4.4 Indexing Choices According to Applications 80 2.5 Conclusion and Perspectives 81 2.5.1 Efficient Methods for Indexing a Few Genomes or Sequencing Sets 81 2.5.2 Methods that Struggle to Take Advantage of Data Redundancy 82 2.6 References 83 Chapter 3 Sequence Alignment 87 Laurent NOÉ 3.1 Introduction 87 3.1.1 What is Pairwise Alignment? 87 3.1.2 How to Evaluate an Alignment? 88 3.2 Exact Alignment 90 3.2.1 Representation in Edit Graph Form 90 3.2.2 Global Alignment and Needleman–Wunsch Algorithm 93 3.2.3 Local Alignment and Smith–Waterman Algorithm 94 3.2.4 Alignment with Affine Indel Function and the Gotoh Algorithm 96 3.3 Heuristic Alignment 98 3.3.1 Seeds 99 3.3.2 Min-Hash and Global Sampling 105 3.3.3 Minimizing and Local Sampling 106 3.4 References 109 Chapter 4 Genome Assembly 113 Dominique LAVENIER 4.1 Introduction 113 4.2 Sequencing Technologies 116 4.2.1 Short Reads 117 4.2.2 Long Reads 118 4.2.3 Linked Reads 118 4.2.4 Hi-C Reads 119 4.2.5 Optical Mapping 119 4.3 Assembly Strategies 120 4.3.1 The Main Steps 120 4.3.2 Cleaning and Correction of Reads 121 4.3.3 Scaffold Construction 122 4.3.4 Scaffold Ordering 123 4.4 Scaffold Construction Methods 124 4.4.1 Greedy Assembly 124 4.4.2 OLC Assembly 126 4.4.3 DBG Assembly 127 4.4.4 Constrained Assembly 130 4.5 Scaffold-Ordering Methods 132 4.5.1 Hi-C Data-Based Methods 132 4.5.2 Optical Mapping-Based Methods 137 4.6 Assembly Validation 139 4.6.1 Metrics 140 4.6.2 Read Realignment 140 4.6.3 Gene Prediction 141 4.6.4 Competitions 141 4.7 Conclusion 142 4.8 References 143 Chapter 5 Metagenomics and Metatranscriptomics 147 Cervin GUYOMAR and Claire LEMAITRE 5.1 What is Metagenomics? 147 5.1.1 Motivations and Historical Context 147 5.1.2 The Metagenomics Data 148 5.1.3 Bioinformatics Challenges for Metagenomics 151 5.2 “Who Are They”: Taxonomic Characterization of Microbial Communities 153 5.2.1 Methods for Targeted Metagenomics 154 5.2.2 Whole-Genome Methods with Reference 155 5.2.3 Reference-Free Methods 160 5.3 “What Are They Able To Do?”: Functional Metagenomics 166 5.3.1 Gene Prediction and Annotation 166 5.3.2 Metatranscriptomics 167 5.3.3 Reconstruction of Metabolic Networks 168 5.4 Comparative Metagenomics 169 5.4.1 Comparative Metagenomics with Diversity Estimation 170 5.4.2 De Novo Comparative Metagenomics 170 5.5 Conclusion 175 5.6 References 176 Chapter 6 RNA Folding 185 Yann PONTY And Vladimir REINHARZ 6.1 Introduction 185 6.1.1 RNA Folding 186 6.1.2 Secondary Structure 189 6.2 Optimization for Structure Prediction 192 6.2.1 Computing the Minimum Free-Energy (MFE) Structure 192 6.2.2 Listing (Sub)optimal Structures 198 6.2.3 Comparative Prediction: Simultaneous Alignment/Folding of RNAs 203 6.2.4 Joint Alignment/Folding Model 204 6.3 Analyzing the Boltzmann Ensemble 210 6.3.1 Computing the Partition Function 210 6.3.2 Statistical Sampling 215 6.3.3 Boltzmann Probability of Structural Patterns 220 6.4 Studying RNA Structure in Practice 225 6.4.1 The Turner Model 225 6.4.2 Tools 228 6.5 References 228 Conclusion 233 List of Authors 237 Index 239

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Book SynopsisIndustrial cyber-physical systems operate simultaneously in the physical and digital worlds of business and are now a cornerstone of the fourth industrial revolution. Increasingly, these systems are becoming the way forward for academics and industrialists alike. The very essence of these systems, however, is often misunderstood or misinterpreted. This book thus sheds light on the problem areas surrounding cyber-physical systems and provides the reader with the key principles for understanding and illustrating them.Presented using a pedagogical approach, with numerous examples of applications, this book is the culmination of more than ten years of study by the Intelligent Manufacturing and Services Systems (IMS2) French research group, part of the MACS (Modeling, Analysis and Control of Dynamic Systems) research group at the CNRS. It is intended both for engineers who are interested in emerging industrial developments and for master’s level students wishing to learn about the industrial systems of the future.Table of ContentsForeword xiiiAndré THOMAS Introduction xviiOlivier CARDIN, William DERIGENT and Damien TRENTESAUX Part 1 Conceptualizing Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems 1 Chapter 1 General Concepts 3Olivier CARDIN and Damien TRENTESAUX 1.1 Industry at the heart of society 3 1.2 Industrial world in search of a new model 4 1.3 Cyber-physical systems 6 1.4 From cyber-physical systems to industrial cyber-physical systems 8 1.5 Perspectives on the study of industrial cyber-physical systems 11 1.6 References 15 Chapter 2 Moving Towards a Sustainable Model: Societal, Economic and Environmental 17Patrick MARTIN, Maroua NOUIRI and Ali SIADAT 2.1 Industry of the future and sustainable development 17 2.2 Contribution of ICPS to the social dimension 18 2.2.1 Background 18 2.2.2 Cognitive aspects 21 2.2.3 Health and safety aspects at work 22 2.3 Contribution of ICPS to the environmental dimension 28 2.3.1 Objectives and expectations 28 2.3.2 Example of application 29 2.4 Contribution of ICPS to the economic dimension 30 2.5 Conclusion 32 2.6 References 32 Part 2 Sensing and Distributing Information Within Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems 37 Chapter 3 Information Flow in Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems 39Thierry BERGER and Yves SALLEZ 3.1 Introduction 39 3.2 Information and decision loops when using an ICPS 39 3.3 Decision-making processes within the loops of an ICPS 41 3.3.1 Nature of decision-making processes 41 3.3.2 Nature of information 42 3.3.3 Approach to studying the informational loops of the cyber part of an ICPS 43 3.4 Elements for the implementation of loops 45 3.4.1 Generic architecture 45 3.4.2 Link to decision-making processes and the nature of the information 48 3.5 Illustrative examples 48 3.5.1 Example from rail transport 49 3.5.2 Example from the manufacturing sector 50 3.6 Conclusion 52 3.7 References 52 Chapter 4 The Intelligent Product Concept 55William DERIGENT 4.1 The intelligent product, a leading-edge concept in industrial cyber-physical systems 55 4.2 Definitions of the intelligent product concept 56 4.3 Developments in the concept of intelligent products 59 4.3.1 Group 1: product-driven systems (PDS) 61 4.3.2 Group 2: product lifecycle information management (PLIM) 63 4.4 Conclusions and perspectives on the intelligent product 66 4.5 References 67 Part 3 Digitalizing at the Service of Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems 71 Chapter 5 Virtualizing Resources, Products and the Information System 73Theodor BORANGIU, Silviu RĂILEANU and Octavian MORARIU 5.1 Virtualization – the technology for industrial cyber-physical systems 73 5.2 Virtualization in the industrial environment 74 5.3 Shop floor virtualization of resource and product workloads 78 5.3.1 Resource and product virtualization through shop floor profiles 78 5.3.2 Virtualization of collaborative product and resource workloads 83 5.4 MES virtualization in the cloud (vMES) 89 5.5 Perspectives offered by virtualization to industry of the future 94 5.6 References 95 Chapter 6 Cybersecurity of Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems 97Antoine GALLAIS and Youcef IMINE 6.1 What are the risks involved? 98 6.1.1 Unavailability of systems 98 6.1.2 Loss of confidentiality or integrity 101 6.1.3 Bypassing access and authentication controls 104 6.2 What means of protection? 105 6.2.1 Ensuring availability 105 6.2.2 Ensuring confidentiality 107 6.2.3 Implementing authentication mechanisms 108 6.2.4 Controlling access, permissions and logging 109 6.3 Conclusion 112 6.4 References 114 Part 4 Controlling Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems 117 Chapter 7 Industrial Agents: From the Holonic Paradigm to Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems 119Paulo LEITÃO, Stamatis KARNOUSKOS and Armando Walter COLOMBO 7.1 Overview of multi-agent systems and holonics 120 7.1.1 Multi-agent systems 120 7.1.2 Holonic paradigm 122 7.2 Industrial agents 124 7.2.1 Definition and characteristics 124 7.2.2 Interfacing with physical assets 126 7.3 Industrial agents for realizing industrial cyber-physical systems 127 7.3.1 Supporting the development of intelligent products, machines and systems within cyber-physical systems 127 7.3.2 Implementing an industrial multi-agent system as ICPS 129 7.4 Discussion and future directions 130 7.5 References 131 Chapter 8 Holonic Control Architectures 135Olivier CARDIN, William DERIGENT and Damien TRENTESAUX 8.1 Introduction 135 8.2 HCA fundamentals 136 8.3 HCAs in the physical part of ICPS 137 8.4 Dynamic architectures, towards a reconfiguration of the physical part from the cyber part of ICPS 140 8.5 HCAs and Big Data 143 8.6 HCAs and digital twin: towards the digitization of architectures 144 8.7 References 145 Part 5 Learning and Interacting with Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems 149 Chapter 9 Big Data Analytics and Machine Learning for Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems 151Yasamin ESLAMI, Mario LEZOCHE and Philippe THOMAS 9.1 Introduction 151 9.2 Data massification in industrial cyber-physical systems 153 9.3 Big Data and multi-relational data mining (MRDM) 154 9.3.1 Formal concept analysis (FCA) 154 9.3.2 Relational concept analysis (RCA) 157 9.4 Machine learning 160 9.4.1 Basics of machine learning 160 9.4.2 Multilayer perceptron (MLP) 160 9.5 Illustrative example 165 9.6 Conclusion 167 9.7 References 167 Chapter 10 Human–Industrial Cyber-Physical System Integration: Design and Evaluation Methods 171Marie-Pierre PACAUX-LEMOINE and Frank FLEMISCH 10.1 Introduction 171 10.2 Design methods 175 10.3 Method of integrating HICPS 176 10.3.1 Descending phase 177 10.3.2 Ascending phase 180 10.4 Summary and conclusion 185 10.5 References 186 Part 6 Transforming Industries with Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems 189 Chapter 11 Impact of Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems on Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems 191Catherine DA CUNHA and Nathalie KLEMENT 11.1 Context 191 11.1.1 Developments 192 11.1.2 Issues 193 11.1.3 Resources 193 11.2 Reconfiguration 194 11.2.1 Implementation and decision levels 194 11.2.2 Information systems 195 11.2.3 Adaptation in the context of CPPS/RMS 196 11.2.4 Where and when to reconfigure? 197 11.3 Modeling 197 11.3.1 Data collection 198 11.3.2 Simulation platforms 199 11.4 Ergonomics/cognitive aspects 200 11.5 Operation of the information system 201 11.5.1 Operational level: procurement 201 11.5.2 Responding to disruptions 202 11.5.3 Decision support 203 11.6 Illustrative example 203 11.7 References 205 Chapter 12 Impact of Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems on Global and Interconnected Logistics 207Shenle PAN, Mariam LAFKIHI and Eric BALLOT 12.1 Logistics and its challenges 207 12.2 Contemporary logistics systems and organizations 208 12.2.1 Intra-site logistics 209 12.2.2 Intra-urban logistics 210 12.2.3 Inter-site inter-city logistics 211 12.3 The Physical Internet as a modern and promising logistics organization 212 12.3.1 Concept and definition 212 12.3.2 Topologies of networks of networks 213 12.4 Perspectives of ICPS applications in interconnected logistics: the example of the Physical Internet 215 12.4.1 Modeling the Physical Internet by ICPS: the example of routing 216 12.4.2 Exploiting ICPS: the data-driven approach and the digital twin-driven approach 219 12.5 Conclusion 221 12.6 References 222 Chapter 13 Impact of Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems on Transportation 225John MBULI and Damien TRENTESAUX 13.1 Introduction 225 13.1.1 Pull forces 226 13.1.2 Complexity factors of the transportation sector 227 13.1.3 Push forces 228 13.2 The impact of ICPS on transportation 229 13.3 Rail transportation service: an illustrative example 231 13.3.1 The physical space of SUPERFLO 233 13.3.2 The human fleet supervisor 235 13.3.3 The cyber space of SUPERFLO 236 13.3.4 Evaluation of the proposed model and industrial expectations 236 13.4 Concluding remarks 238 13.5 Acknowledgments 239 13.6 References 239 Chapter 14 Impacts of Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems on the Building Trades 243William DERIGENT and Laurent JOBLOT 14.1 General introduction 243 14.2 The place of BIM in Construction 4.0 245 14.3 Examples of transformations in the construction sector 247 14.3.1 Control: real-time site management 248 14.3.2 Learning and interacting: virtual reality and machine learning 249 14.3.3 Capturing and distributing: use of wireless technologies (RFID and WSN) 251 14.3.4 Digitalizing: digitalizing technologies for BIM 252 14.4 Example of ICPS in construction 254 14.5 Achieving the digital transformation of businesses 255 14.6 References 257 Chapter 15 Impact of Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems on the Health System 261Franck FONTANILI and Maria DI MASCOLO 15.1 Introduction 261 15.1.1 The health system and its specificities 261 15.1.2 The digital evolution of healthcare production and health 263 15.2 HCPS in the literature 263 15.2.1 HCPS for medical monitoring 266 15.2.2 HCPS for well-being and prevention 266 15.2.3 HCPS for organizational monitoring of patient pathways 267 15.2.4 Sensors for monitoring patients and resources 268 15.3 The contribution of a digital twin in an HCPS 270 15.3.1 General principle of digital twins in health 270 15.3.2 A proposal for an HCPS based on a digital twin of patient pathways in the hospital 271 15.4 Conclusion 274 15.5 References 275 Part 7 Envisioning the Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems of the Future 279 Chapter 16 Ethics and Responsibility of Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems 281Sylvie JONAS and Françoise LAMNABHI-LAGARRIGUE 16.1 Introduction 281 16.2 Ethics and ICPS 283 16.2.1 Data management and protection 284 16.2.2 Control in the design of algorithms 285 16.3 Liability and ICPS 288 16.3.1 Existing liability regimes applied to ICPS 289 16.3.2 Proposals for changes in liability regimes 291 16.4 References 294 Chapter 17 Teaching and Learning ICPS: Lessons Learned and Best Practices 297Bilal AHMAD, Freeha AZMAT, Armando Walter COLOMBO and Gerrit JAN VELTINK 17.1 Introduction 297 17.2 University of Warwick – Bachelor-level curriculum 299 17.2.1 ICPS education: Fusion of computer science and engineering 300 17.2.2 Key enabling technologies in the ICPS curriculum 301 17.2.3 Pedagogical principles: teaching ICPS modules 301 17.3 University of Applied Sciences Emden/Leer – master’s-level curriculum 302 17.3.1 ICPS education: fusion of computer science, electrical and mechatronics engineering 303 17.3.2 Key enabling technologies in the ICPS curriculum 305 17.3.3 Pedagogical principles: teaching ICPS modules 307 17.4 Conclusion 308 17.5 References 309 Conclusion 313William DERIGENT, Olivier CARDIN and Damien TRENTESAUX List of Authors 317 Index 321

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Book SynopsisThe Fourier transform is one of the most fundamental tools for computing the frequency representation of signals. It plays a central role in signal processing, communications, audio and video compression, medical imaging, genomics, astronomy, as well as many other areas. Because of its widespread use, fast algorithms for computing the Fourier transform can benefit a large number of applications. The fastest algorithm for computing the Fourier transform is the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), which runs in near-linear time making it an indispensable tool for many applications. However, today, the runtime of the FFT algorithm is no longer fast enough especially for big data problems where each dataset can be few terabytes. Hence, faster algorithms that run in sublinear time, i.e., do not even sample all the data points, have become necessary.This book addresses the above problem by developing the Sparse Fourier Transform algorithms and building practical systems that use these algorithms to solve key problems in six different applications: wireless networks; mobile systems; computer graphics; medical imaging; biochemistry; and digital circuits.This is a revised version of the thesis that won the 2016 ACM Doctoral Dissertation Award.Table of Contents Preface 1. Introduction PART I: THEORY OF THE SPARSE FOURIER TRANSFORM 2. Preliminaries 3. Simple and Practical Algorithm 4. Optimizing Runtime Complexity 5. Optimizing Sample Complexity 6. Numerical Evaluation PART II: APPLICATIONS OF THE SPARSE FOURIER TRANSFORM 7. GHz-Wide Spectrum Sensing and Decoding 8. Faster GPS Synchronization 9. Light Field Reconstruction Using Continuous Fourier Sparsity 10. Fast In-Vivo MRS Acquisition with Artifact Suppression 11. Fast Multi-Dimensional NMR Acquisition and Processing 12. Conclusion

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Book SynopsisThis book celebrates Michael Stonebraker's accomplishments that led to his 2014 ACM A.M. Turing Award "for fundamental contributions to the concepts and practices underlying modern database systems."The book describes, for the broad computing community, the unique nature, significance, and impact of Mike's achievements in advancing modern database systems over more than forty years. Today, data is considered the world's most valuable resource, whether it is in the tens of millions of databases used to manage the world's businesses and governments, in the billions of databases in our smartphones and watches, or residing elsewhere, as yet unmanaged, awaiting the elusive next generation of database systems. Every one of the millions or billions of databases includes features that are celebrated by the 2014 Turing Award and are described in this book.Why should I care about databases? What is a database? What is data management? What is a database management system (DBMS)? These are just some of the questions that this book answers, in describing the development of data management through the achievements of Mike Stonebraker and his over 200 collaborators. In reading the stories in this book, you will discover core data management concepts that were developed over the two greatest eras (so far) of data management technology.The book is a collection of 36 stories written by Mike and 38 of his collaborators: 23 world-leading database researchers, 11 world-class systems engineers, and 4 business partners. If you are an aspiring researcher, engineer, or entrepreneur you might read these stories to find these turning points as practice to tilt at your own computer-science windmills, to spur yourself to your next step of innovation and achievement.Table of Contents Data Management Technology Kairometer: The Historical Context Foreword Preface Introduction PART I 2014 ACM A.M. TURING AWARD PAPER AND LECTURE The Land Sharks Are on the Squawk Box PART II MIKE STONEBRAKER'S CAREER 1. Make it Happen: The Life of Michael Stonebraker PART III MIKE STONEBRAKER SPEAKS OUT: AN INTERVIEW WITH MARIANNE WINSLETT 2. Mike Stonebraker Speaks Out: An Interview PART IV THE BIG PICTURE 3. Leadership and Advocacy 4. Perspectives: The 2014 ACM Turing Award 5. Birth of an Industry: Path to the Turing Award 6. A Perspective of Mike from a 50-Year Vantage Point PART V STARTUPS 7. How to Start a Company in Five (Not So) Easy Steps 8. How to Create and Run a Stonebraker Startup-- The Real Story 9. Getting Grownups in the Room: A VC Perspective PART VI DATABASE SYSTEMS RESEARCH 10. Where Good Ideas Come From and How to Exploit Them 11. Where We Have Failed 12. Stonebraker and Open Source 13. The Relational Database Management Systems Genealogy PART VII CONTRIBUTIONS BY SYSTEM 14. Research Contributions of Mike Stonebraker: An Overview PART VII.A RESEARCH CONTRIBUTIONS BY SYSTEM 15. The Later Ingres Years 16. Looking Back at Postgres 17. Databases Meet the Stream Processing Era 18. C-Store: Through the Eyes of a Ph.D. Student 19. In-Memory, Horizontal, and Transactional: The H-Store OLTP DBMS Project 20. Scaling Mountains: SciDB and Scientific Data Management 21. Data Unification at Scale: Data Tamer 22. The BigDAWG Polystore System 23. Data Civilizer: End-to-End Support for Data Discovery, Integration, and Cleaning PART VII.B CONTRIBUTIONS FROM BUILDING SYSTEMS 24. The Commercial Ingres Codeline 25. The Postgres and Illustra Codelines 26. The Aurora/Borealis/SteamBase Codelines: A Tale of Three Systems 27. The Vertica Codeline 28. The VoltDB Codeline 29. The SciDB Codeline: Crossing the Chasm 30. The Tamr Codeline 31. The BigDAWG Codeline PART VIII PERSPECTIVES 32. IBM Relational Database Code Bases 33. Aurum: A Story about Research Taste 34. Nice: Or What It Was Like to Be Mike's Student 35. Michael Stonebraker: Competitor, Collaborator, Friend 36. The Changing of the Database Guard PART IX SEMINAL WORKS OF MICHAEL STONEBRAKER AND HIS COLLABORATORS OTLP Through the Looking Glass, and What We Found There ""One Size Fits All"": An Idea Whose Time Has Come and Gone The End of an Architectural Era (It's Time for a Complete Rewrite) C-Store: A Column-Oriented DBMS The Implementation of POSTGRES The Design and Implementation of INGRES The Collected Works of Michael Stonebraker References Index Biographies

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Book SynopsisNash equilibrium is the central solution concept in Game Theory.Since Nash's original paper in 1951, it has found countless applications in modeling strategic behavior of traders in markets, (human) drivers and (electronic) routers in congested networks, nations in nuclear disarmament negotiations, and more. A decade ago, the relevance of this solution concept was called into question by computer scientists, who proved (under appropriate complexity assumptions) that computing a Nash equilibrium is an intractable problem. And if centralized, specially designed algorithms cannot find Nash equilibria, why should we expect distributed, selfish agents to converge to one? The remaining hope was that at least approximate Nash equilibria can be efficiently computed.Understanding whether there is an efficient algorithm for approximate Nash equilibrium has been the central open problem in this field for the past decade. In this book, we provide strong evidence that even finding an approximate Nash equilibrium is intractable. We prove several intractability theorems for different settings (two-player games and many-player games) and models (computational complexity, query complexity, and communication complexity). In particular, our main result is that under a plausible and natural complexity assumption ("Exponential Time Hypothesis for PPAD"), there is no polynomial-time algorithm for finding an approximate Nash equilibrium in two-player games.The problem of approximate Nash equilibrium in a two-player game poses a unique technical challenge: it is a member of the class PPAD, which captures the complexity of several fundamental total problems, i.e., problems that always have a solution; and it also admits a quasipolynomial time algorithm. Either property alone is believed to place this problem far below NP-hard problems in the complexity hierarchy; having both simultaneously places it just above P, at what can be called the frontier of intractability. Indeed, the tools we develop in this book to advance on this frontier are useful for proving hardness of approximation of several other important problems whose complexity lies between P and NP: Brouwer's fixed point, market equilibrium, CourseMatch (A-CEEI), densest k-subgraph, community detection, VC dimension and Littlestone dimension, and signaling in zero-sum games.Table of Contents Preface Part I: Overview The Frontier of Intractability Preliminaries Part II: Communication Complexity Communication Complexity of Approximate Nash Equilibrium Brouwer's Fixed Point Part III: PPAD PPAD-Hardness of Approximation The Generalized Circuit Problem Many-Player Games Bayesian Nash Equilibrium Market Equilibrium CourseMatch Part IV: Quasi-Polynomial Time Birthday Repetition Densest k-Subgraph Community Detection VC and Littlestone's Dimensions Signaling Part V: Approximate Nash Equilibrium2-Player Approximate Nash Equilibrium References Index Author Biography

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Book SynopsisThis book celebrates Michael Stonebraker's accomplishments that led to his 2014 ACM A.M. Turing Award "for fundamental contributions to the concepts and practices underlying modern database systems."The book describes, for the broad computing community, the unique nature, significance, and impact of Mike's achievements in advancing modern database systems over more than forty years. Today, data is considered the world's most valuable resource, whether it is in the tens of millions of databases used to manage the world's businesses and governments, in the billions of databases in our smartphones and watches, or residing elsewhere, as yet unmanaged, awaiting the elusive next generation of database systems. Every one of the millions or billions of databases includes features that are celebrated by the 2014 Turing Award and are described in this book.Why should I care about databases? What is a database? What is data management? What is a database management system (DBMS)? These are just some of the questions that this book answers, in describing the development of data management through the achievements of Mike Stonebraker and his over 200 collaborators. In reading the stories in this book, you will discover core data management concepts that were developed over the two greatest eras (so far) of data management technology.The book is a collection of 36 stories written by Mike and 38 of his collaborators: 23 world-leading database researchers, 11 world-class systems engineers, and 4 business partners. If you are an aspiring researcher, engineer, or entrepreneur you might read these stories to find these turning points as practice to tilt at your own computer-science windmills, to spur yourself to your next step of innovation and achievement.Table of Contents Data Management Technology Kairometer: The Historical Context Foreword Preface Introduction PART I 2014 ACM A.M. TURING AWARD PAPER AND LECTURE The Land Sharks Are on the Squawk Box PART II MIKE STONEBRAKER'S CAREER 1. Make it Happen: The Life of Michael Stonebraker PART III MIKE STONEBRAKER SPEAKS OUT: AN INTERVIEW WITH MARIANNE WINSLETT 2. Mike Stonebraker Speaks Out: An Interview PART IV THE BIG PICTURE 3. Leadership and Advocacy 4. Perspectives: The 2014 ACM Turing Award 5. Birth of an Industry: Path to the Turing Award 6. A Perspective of Mike from a 50-Year Vantage Point PART V STARTUPS 7. How to Start a Company in Five (Not So) Easy Steps 8. How to Create and Run a Stonebraker Startup-- The Real Story 9. Getting Grownups in the Room: A VC Perspective PART VI DATABASE SYSTEMS RESEARCH 10. Where Good Ideas Come From and How to Exploit Them 11. Where We Have Failed 12. Stonebraker and Open Source 13. The Relational Database Management Systems Genealogy PART VII CONTRIBUTIONS BY SYSTEM 14. Research Contributions of Mike Stonebraker: An Overview PART VII.A RESEARCH CONTRIBUTIONS BY SYSTEM 15. The Later Ingres Years 16. Looking Back at Postgres 17. Databases Meet the Stream Processing Era 18. C-Store: Through the Eyes of a Ph.D. Student 19. In-Memory, Horizontal, and Transactional: The H-Store OLTP DBMS Project 20. Scaling Mountains: SciDB and Scientific Data Management 21. Data Unification at Scale: Data Tamer 22. The BigDAWG Polystore System 23. Data Civilizer: End-to-End Support for Data Discovery, Integration, and Cleaning PART VII.B CONTRIBUTIONS FROM BUILDING SYSTEMS 24. The Commercial Ingres Codeline 25. The Postgres and Illustra Codelines 26. The Aurora/Borealis/SteamBase Codelines: A Tale of Three Systems 27. The Vertica Codeline 28. The VoltDB Codeline 29. The SciDB Codeline: Crossing the Chasm 30. The Tamr Codeline 31. The BigDAWG Codeline PART VIII PERSPECTIVES 32. IBM Relational Database Code Bases 33. Aurum: A Story about Research Taste 34. Nice: Or What It Was Like to Be Mike's Student 35. Michael Stonebraker: Competitor, Collaborator, Friend 36. The Changing of the Database Guard PART IX SEMINAL WORKS OF MICHAEL STONEBRAKER AND HIS COLLABORATORS OTLP Through the Looking Glass, and What We Found There ""One Size Fits All"": An Idea Whose Time Has Come and Gone The End of an Architectural Era (It's Time for a Complete Rewrite) C-Store: A Column-Oriented DBMS The Implementation of POSTGRES The Design and Implementation of INGRES The Collected Works of Michael Stonebraker References Index Biographies

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Book SynopsisThe Fourier transform is one of the most fundamental tools for computing the frequency representation of signals. It plays a central role in signal processing, communications, audio and video compression, medical imaging, genomics, astronomy, as well as many other areas. Because of its widespread use, fast algorithms for computing the Fourier transform can benefit a large number of applications. The fastest algorithm for computing the Fourier transform is the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), which runs in near-linear time making it an indispensable tool for many applications. However, today, the runtime of the FFT algorithm is no longer fast enough especially for big data problems where each dataset can be few terabytes. Hence, faster algorithms that run in sublinear time, i.e., do not even sample all the data points, have become necessary.This book addresses the above problem by developing the Sparse Fourier Transform algorithms and building practical systems that use these algorithms to solve key problems in six different applications: wireless networks; mobile systems; computer graphics; medical imaging; biochemistry; and digital circuits.This is a revised version of the thesis that won the 2016 ACM Doctoral Dissertation Award.Table of Contents Preface 1. Introduction PART I: THEORY OF THE SPARSE FOURIER TRANSFORM 2. Preliminaries 3. Simple and Practical Algorithm 4. Optimizing Runtime Complexity 5. Optimizing Sample Complexity 6. Numerical Evaluation PART II: APPLICATIONS OF THE SPARSE FOURIER TRANSFORM 7. GHz-Wide Spectrum Sensing and Decoding 8. Faster GPS Synchronization 9. Light Field Reconstruction Using Continuous Fourier Sparsity 10. Fast In-Vivo MRS Acquisition with Artifact Suppression 11. Fast Multi-Dimensional NMR Acquisition and Processing 12. Conclusion

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Book SynopsisAgda is an advanced programming language based on Type Theory. Agda's type system is expressive enough to support full functional verification of programs, in two styles. In external verification, we write pure functional programs and then write proofs of properties about them. The proofs are separate external artifacts, typically using structural induction. In internal verification, we specify properties of programs through rich types for the programs themselves. This often necessitates including proofs inside code, to show the type checker that the specified properties hold. The power to prove properties of programs in these two styles is a profound addition to the practice of programming, giving programmers the power to guarantee the absence of bugs, and thus improve the quality of software more than previously possible.Verified Functional Programming in Agda is the first book to provide a systematic exposition of external and internal verification in Agda, suitable for undergraduate students of Computer Science. No familiarity with functional programming or computer-checked proofs is presupposed.The book begins with an introduction to functional programming through familiar examples like booleans, natural numbers, and lists, and techniques for external verification. Internal verification is considered through the examples of vectors, binary search trees, and Braun trees. More advanced material on type-level computation, explicit reasoning about termination, and normalization by evaluation is also included. The book also includes a medium-sized case study on Huffman encoding and decoding.

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Book SynopsisThe Handbook of Multimodal-Multisensor Interfaces provides the first authoritative resource on what has become the dominant paradigm for new computer interfaces— user input involving new media (speech, multi-touch, gestures, writing) embedded in multimodal-multisensor interfaces. These interfaces support smart phones, wearables, in-vehicle and robotic applications, and many other areas that are now highly competitive commercially. This edited collection is written by international experts and pioneers in the field. It provides a textbook, reference, and technology roadmap for professionals working in this and related areas. This first volume of the handbook presents relevant theory and neuroscience foundations for guiding the development of high-performance systems. Additional chapters discuss approaches to user modeling and interface designs that support user choice, that synergistically combine modalities with sensors, and that blend multimodal input and output. This volume also highlights an in-depth look at the most common multimodal-multisensor combinations—for example, touch and pen input, haptic and non-speech audio output, and speech-centric systems that co-process either gestures, pen input, gaze, or visible lip movements. A common theme throughout these chapters is supporting mobility and individual differences among users. These handbook chapters provide walk-through examples of system design and processing, information on tools and practical resources for developing and evaluating new systems, and terminology and tutorial support for mastering this emerging field. In the final section of this volume, experts exchange views on a timely and controversial challenge topic, and how they believe multimodal-multisensor interfaces should be designed in the future to most effectively advance human performance.Table of Contents Introduction Theory and Neuroscience Foundations Theoretical Foundations of Multimodal Interfaces and Systems The Impact of Multimodal-Multisensory Learning on Human Performance and Brain Activation Patterns Approaches to Design and User Modeling Multisensory Haptic Interactions: Understanding the Sense and Designing for It A Background Perspective on Touch as a Multimodal Understanding and Supporting Modality Choices Using Cognitive Models to Understand Multimodal Processes: The Case for Speech and Gesture Production Multimodal Feedback in HCI: Haptics, Non-Speech Audio, and Their Applications Multimodal Technologies for Seniors: Challenges and Opportunities Common Modality Combinations Gaze Informed Multimodal Interaction Multimodal Speech and Pen Interfaces Multimodal Gesture Recognition Audio and Visual Modality Combination in Speech Processing Applications Multidisciplinary Challenge Topic: Perspectives on Learning with Multimodal Technology Contributors’ Brief Biographies: Editors, Authors and Challenge Discussants Index

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Book SynopsisAgda is an advanced programming language based on Type Theory. Agda's type system is expressive enough to support full functional verification of programs, in two styles. In external verification, we write pure functional programs and then write proofs of properties about them. The proofs are separate external artifacts, typically using structural induction. In internal verification, we specify properties of programs through rich types for the programs themselves. This often necessitates including proofs inside code, to show the type checker that the specified properties hold. The power to prove properties of programs in these two styles is a profound addition to the practice of programming, giving programmers the power to guarantee the absence of bugs, and thus improve the quality of software more than previously possible.Verified Functional Programming in Agda is the first book to provide a systematic exposition of external and internal verification in Agda, suitable for undergraduate students of Computer Science. No familiarity with functional programming or computer-checked proofs is presupposed.The book begins with an introduction to functional programming through familiar examples like booleans, natural numbers, and lists, and techniques for external verification. Internal verification is considered through the examples of vectors, binary search trees, and Braun trees. More advanced material on type-level computation, explicit reasoning about termination, and normalization by evaluation is also included. The book also includes a medium-sized case study on Huffman encoding and decoding.

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Book SynopsisThe past few years have seen a major change in computing systems, as growing data volumes and stalling processor speeds require more and more applications to scale out to clusters. Today, a myriad data sources, from the Internet to business operations to scientific instruments, produce large and valuable data streams. However, the processing capabilities of single machines have not kept up with the size of data. As a result, organizations increasingly need to scale out their computations over clusters. At the same time, the speed and sophistication required of data processing have grown. In addition to simple queries, complex algorithms like machine learning and graph analysis are becoming common. And in addition to batch processing, streaming analysis of real-time data is required to let organizations take timely action. Future computing platforms will need to not only scale out traditional workloads, but support these new applications too.This book, a revised version of the 2014 ACM Dissertation Award winning dissertation, proposes an architecture for cluster computing systems that can tackle emerging data processing workloads at scale. Whereas early cluster computing systems, like MapReduce, handled batch processing, our architecture also enables streaming and interactive queries, while keeping MapReduce's scalability and fault tolerance. And whereas most deployed systems only support simple one-pass computations (e.g., SQL queries), ours also extends to the multi-pass algorithms required for complex analytics like machine learning. Finally, unlike the specialized systems proposed for some of these workloads, our architecture allows these computations to be combined, enabling rich new applications that intermix, for example, streaming and batch processing.We achieve these results through a simple extension to MapReduce that adds primitives for data sharing, called Resilient Distributed Datasets (RDDs). We show that this is enough to capture a wide range of workloads. We implement RDDs in the open source Spark system, which we evaluate using synthetic and real workloads. Spark matches or exceeds the performance of specialized systems in many domains, while offering stronger fault tolerance properties and allowing these workloads to be combined. Finally, we examine the generality of RDDs from both a theoretical modeling perspective and a systems perspective.This version of the dissertation makes corrections throughout the text and adds a new section on the evolution of Apache Spark in industry since 2014. In addition, editing, formatting, and links for the references have been added.Table of Contents Preface 1. Introduction 2. Resilient Distributed Datasets 3. Models Built over RDDs 4. Discretized Streams 5. Generality of RDDs 6. Conclusion References Author's Biography

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Book SynopsisThe Handbook of Multimodal-Multisensor Interfaces provides the first authoritative resource on what has become the dominant paradigm for new computer interfaces: user input involving new media (speech, multi-touch, hand and body gestures, facial expressions, writing) embedded in multimodal-multisensor interfaces that often include biosignals. This edited collection is written by international experts and pioneers in the field. It provides a textbook, reference, and technology roadmap for professionals working in this and related areas. This second volume of the handbook begins with multimodal signal processing, architectures, and machine learning. It includes recent deep learning approaches for processing multisensorial and multimodal user data and interaction, as well as context-sensitivity. A further highlight is processing of information about users' states and traits, an exciting emerging capability in next-generation user interfaces. These chapters discuss real-time multimodal analysis of emotion and social signals from various modalities, and perception of affective expression by users. Further chapters discuss multimodal processing of cognitive state using behavioral and physiological signals to detect cognitive load, domain expertise, deception, and depression. This collection of chapters provides walk-through examples of system design and processing, information on tools and practical resources for developing and evaluating new systems, and terminology and tutorial support for mastering this rapidly expanding field. In the final section of this volume, experts exchange views on the timely and controversial challenge topic of multimodal deep learning. The discussion focuses on how multimodal-multisensor interfaces are most likely to advance human performance during the next decade.Table of Contents 1. Multimodal Machine Learning 2. Classifying Multimodal Data 3. Learning for Multimodal and Context-sensitive Interfaces 4. Deep Learning for Multisensorial and Multimodal Interaction 5. Multimodal User State and Trait Recognition 6. Multimodal-Multisensor Affect Detection 7. Multimodal Analysis of Social Signals 8. Real-time Sensing of Affect and Social Signals in a Multimodal Framwork 9. How do Users Perceive Multimodal Expressions of Affects? 10. Multimodal Behavior and Physiological Signals as Indicators of Cognitive Load 11. Multimodal Learning Analytics 12. Multimodal Assessment of Depression and Related Disorders Based on Behavioral Signals 13. Multimodal Deception Detection 14. Perspectives on Strategic Fusion 15. Perspectives on Predictive Power of Multimodal Deep Learning

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Book SynopsisThe Handbook of Multimodal-Multisensor Interfaces provides the first authoritative resource on what has become the dominant paradigm for new computer interfaces: user input involving new media (speech, multi-touch, hand and body gestures, facial expressions, writing) embedded in multimodal-multisensor interfaces that often include biosignals. This edited collection is written by international experts and pioneers in the field. It provides a textbook, reference, and technology roadmap for professionals working in this and related areas. This second volume of the handbook begins with multimodal signal processing, architectures, and machine learning. It includes recent deep learning approaches for processing multisensorial and multimodal user data and interaction, as well as context-sensitivity. A further highlight is processing of information about users' states and traits, an exciting emerging capability in next-generation user interfaces. These chapters discuss real-time multimodal analysis of emotion and social signals from various modalities, and perception of affective expression by users. Further chapters discuss multimodal processing of cognitive state using behavioral and physiological signals to detect cognitive load, domain expertise, deception, and depression. This collection of chapters provides walk-through examples of system design and processing, information on tools and practical resources for developing and evaluating new systems, and terminology and tutorial support for mastering this rapidly expanding field. In the final section of this volume, experts exchange views on the timely and controversial challenge topic of multimodal deep learning. The discussion focuses on how multimodal-multisensor interfaces are most likely to advance human performance during the next decade.Table of Contents 1. Multimodal Machine Learning 2. Classifying Multimodal Data 3. Learning for Multimodal and Context-sensitive Interfaces 4. Deep Learning for Multisensorial and Multimodal Interaction 5. Multimodal User State and Trait Recognition 6. Multimodal-Multisensor Affect Detection 7. Multimodal Analysis of Social Signals 8. Real-time Sensing of Affect and Social Signals in a Multimodal Framwork 9. How do Users Perceive Multimodal Expressions of Affects? 10. Multimodal Behavior and Physiological Signals as Indicators of Cognitive Load 11. Multimodal Learning Analytics 12. Multimodal Assessment of Depression and Related Disorders Based on Behavioral Signals 13. Multimodal Deception Detection 14. Perspectives on Strategic Fusion 15. Perspectives on Predictive Power of Multimodal Deep Learning

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Book SynopsisCommunities of Computing is the first book-length history of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), founded in 1947 and with a membership today of 100,000 worldwide. It profiles ACM's notable SIGs, active chapters, and individual members, setting ACM's history into a rich social and political context. The book's 12 core chapters are organized into three thematic sections. ""Defining the Discipline"" examines the 1960s and 1970s when the field of computer science was taking form at the National Science Foundation, Stanford University, and through ACM's notable efforts in education and curriculum standards. "Broadening the Profession" looks outward into the wider society as ACM engaged with social and political issues - and as members struggled with balancing a focus on scientific issues and awareness of the wider world.Chapters examine the social turbulence surrounding the Vietnam War, debates about the women's movement, efforts for computing and community education, and international issues including professionalization and the Cold War. "Expanding Research Frontiers" profiles three areas of research activity where ACM members and ACM itself shaped notable advances in computing, including computer graphics, computer security, and hypertext.Featuring insightful profiles of notable ACM leaders, such as Edmund Berkeley, George Forsythe, Jean Sammet, Peter Denning, and Kelly Gotlieb, and honest assessments of controversial episodes, the volume deals with compelling and complex issues involving ACM and computing. It is not a narrow organizational history of ACM committees and SIGS, although much information about them is given. All chapters are original works of research. Many chapters draw on archival records of ACM's headquarters, ACM SIGs, and ACM leaders. This volume makes a permanent contribution to documenting the history of ACM and understanding its central role in the history of computing.Table of Contents 1. ACM and the Computing Revolution (Thomas J. Misa) Theme 1: Defining the Discipline 2. From Handmaiden to 'Proper Intellectual Discipline': Creating a Scientific Identity for Computer Science in 1960s America (Janet Abbate) 3. George Forsythe, the ACM, and the Creation of Computer Science As We Know It (Joseph November) 4. Solving a Career Equation: The First Doctoral Women in Computer Science (Irina Nikivincze) 5. The History and Purpose of Computing Curricula (1960s to 2000s) (Sebastian Dziallas) Theme 2: Broadening the Profession 6. 'Deeply Political and Social Issues': Debates within ACM 1965-1985 (Janet Toland) 7. Organized Advocacy for Professional Women in Computing: Comparing Histories of the AWC and the ACM-W (Amy Sue Bix) 8. The Development of Computer Professionalization in Canada (Scott Campbell) 9. The Anatomy of an Encounter: Transnational Mediation and Discipline Building in Cold War Computer Science (Ksenia Tatarchenko) 10. Concern for the 'Disadvantaged': ACM's Role in Training and Education for Communities of Color 1958-1975 (R. Arvid Nelsen) Theme 3: Expanding Research Frontiers 11. Other Places of Invention: Computer Graphics at the University of Utah (Jacob Gaboury) 12. Framing Computer Security and Privacy, 1967-1992 (Rebecca Slayton) 13. Hypertext, Digital Libraries, and Beyond: A History of SIGWEB (Inna Kouper) Bibliography

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Book SynopsisThe Handbook of Multimodal-Multisensor Interfaces provides the first authoritative resource on what has become the dominant paradigm for new computer interfaces-user input involving new media (speech, multi-touch, hand and body gestures, facial expressions, writing) embedded in multimodal-multisensor interfaces.This three-volume handbook is written by international experts and pioneers in the field. It provides a textbook, reference, and technology roadmap for professionals working in this and related areas.This third volume focuses on state-of-the-art multimodal language and dialogue processing, including semantic integration of modalities. The development of increasingly expressive embodied agents and robots has become an active test bed for coordinating multimodal dialogue input and output, including processing of language and nonverbal communication. In addition, major application areas are featured for commercializing multimodal-multisensor systems, including automotive, robotic, manufacturing, machine translation, banking, communications, and others. These systems rely heavily on software tools, data resources, and international standards to facilitate their development. For insights into the future, emerging multimodal-multisensor technology trends are highlighted in medicine, robotics, interaction with smart spaces, and similar areas. Finally, this volume discusses the societal impact of more widespread adoption of these systems, such as privacy risks and how to mitigate them. The handbook chapters provide a number of walk-through examples of system design and processing, information on practical resources for developing and evaluating new systems, and terminology and tutorial support for mastering this emerging field. In the final section of this volume, experts exchange views on a timely and controversial challenge topic, and how they believe multimodal-multisensor interfaces need to be equipped to most effectively advance human performance during the next decade.Table of Contents Preface Figure Credits Introduction: Toward the Design, Construction, and Deployment of Multimodal-Multisensor Interfaces MULTIMODAL LANGUAGE AND DIALOGUE PROCESSING Multimodal Integration for Interactive Conversational Systems Multimodal Conversational Interaction with Robots Situated Interaction Software Platforms and Toolkits for Building Multimodal Systems and Applications Challenge Discussion: Advancing Multimodal Dialogue Nonverbal Behavior in Multimodal Performances MULTIMODAL BEHAVIOR Ergonomics for the Design of Multimodal Interfaces Early Integration for Movement Modeling in Latent Spaces Standardized Representations and Markup Languages for Multimodal Interaction Multimodal Databases EMERGING TRENDS AND APPLICATIONS Medical and Health Systems Automotive Multimodal Human-Machine Interface Embedded Multimodal Interfaces in Robotics: Applications, Future Trends, and Societal Implications Multimodal Dialogue Processing for Machine Translation Commercialization of Multimodal Systems Privacy Concerns of Multimodal Sensor Systems Index Biographies Volume 3 Glossary

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Book SynopsisThe Handbook of Multimodal-Multisensor Interfaces provides the first authoritative resource on what has become the dominant paradigm for new computer interfaces— user input involving new media (speech, multi-touch, gestures, writing) embedded in multimodal-multisensor interfaces. These interfaces support smart phones, wearables, in-vehicle and robotic applications, and many other areas that are now highly competitive commercially. This edited collection is written by international experts and pioneers in the field. It provides a textbook, reference, and technology roadmap for professionals working in this and related areas. This first volume of the handbook presents relevant theory and neuroscience foundations for guiding the development of high-performance systems. Additional chapters discuss approaches to user modeling and interface designs that support user choice, that synergistically combine modalities with sensors, and that blend multimodal input and output. This volume also highlights an in-depth look at the most common multimodal-multisensor combinations—for example, touch and pen input, haptic and non-speech audio output, and speech-centric systems that co-process either gestures, pen input, gaze, or visible lip movements. A common theme throughout these chapters is supporting mobility and individual differences among users. These handbook chapters provide walk-through examples of system design and processing, information on tools and practical resources for developing and evaluating new systems, and terminology and tutorial support for mastering this emerging field. In the final section of this volume, experts exchange views on a timely and controversial challenge topic, and how they believe multimodal-multisensor interfaces should be designed in the future to most effectively advance human performance.Table of Contents Introduction Theory and Neuroscience Foundations Theoretical Foundations of Multimodal Interfaces and Systems The Impact of Multimodal-Multisensory Learning on Human Performance and Brain Activation Patterns Approaches to Design and User Modeling Multisensory Haptic Interactions: Understanding the Sense and Designing for It A Background Perspective on Touch as a Multimodal Understanding and Supporting Modality Choices Using Cognitive Models to Understand Multimodal Processes: The Case for Speech and Gesture Production Multimodal Feedback in HCI: Haptics, Non-Speech Audio, and Their Applications Multimodal Technologies for Seniors: Challenges and Opportunities Common Modality Combinations Gaze Informed Multimodal Interaction Multimodal Speech and Pen Interfaces Multimodal Gesture Recognition Audio and Visual Modality Combination in Speech Processing Applications Multidisciplinary Challenge Topic: Perspectives on Learning with Multimodal Technology Contributors’ Brief Biographies: Editors, Authors and Challenge Discussants Index

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Book SynopsisThe idea of this book grew out of a symposium that was held at Stony Brook in September 2012 in celebration of David S.Warren's fundamental contributions to Computer Science and the area of Logic Programming in particular.Logic Programming (LP) is at the nexus of Knowledge Representation, Artificial Intelligence, Mathematical Logic, Databases, and Programming Languages. It is fascinating and intellectually stimulating due to the fundamental interplay among theory, systems, and applications brought about by logic. Logic programs are more declarative in the sense that they strive to be logical specifications of ""what"" to do rather than ""how"" to do it, and thus they are high-level and easier to understand and maintain. Yet, without being given an actual algorithm, LP systems implement the logical specifications automatically.Several books cover the basics of LP but focus mostly on the Prolog language with its incomplete control strategy and non-logical features. At the same time, there is generally a lack of accessible yet comprehensive collections of articles covering the key aspects in declarative LP. These aspects include, among others, well-founded vs. stable model semantics for negation, constraints, object-oriented LP, updates, probabilistic LP, and evaluation methods, including top-down vs. bottom-up, and tabling.For systems, the situation is even less satisfactory, lacking accessible literature that can help train the new crop of developers, practitioners, and researchers. There are a few guides onWarren’s Abstract Machine (WAM), which underlies most implementations of Prolog, but very little exists on what is needed for constructing a state-of-the-art declarative LP inference engine. Contrast this with the literature on, say, Compilers, where one can first study a book on the general principles and algorithms and then dive in the particulars of a specific compiler. Such resources greatly facilitate the ability to start making meaningful contributions quickly. There is also a dearth of articles about systems that support truly declarative languages, especially those that tie into first-order logic, mathematical programming, and constraint solving.LP helps solve challenging problems in a wide range of application areas, but in-depth analysis of their connection with LP language abstractions and LP implementation methods is lacking. Also, rare are surveys of challenging application areas of LP, such as Bioinformatics, Natural Language Processing, Verification, and Planning.The goal of this book is to help fill in the previously mentioned void in the LP literature. It offers a number of overviews on key aspects of LP that are suitable for researchers and practitioners as well as graduate students. The following chapters in theory, systems, and applications of LP are included.Table of Contents Preface PART I THEORY 1. Datalog: Concepts, History, and Outlook 2. An Introduction to the Stable and Well-Founded Semantics of Logic Programs 3. A Survey of Probabilistic Logic Programming PART II SYSTEMS 4. WAM for Everyone: A Virtual Machine for Logic Programming 5. Predicate Logic as a Modeling Language: The IDP System 6. SolverBlox: Algebraic Modeling in Dialog PART III APPLICATIONS 7. Exploring Life: Answer Set Programming in Bioinformatics 8. State-Space Search with Tabled Logic Programs 9. Natural Language Processing with (Tabled and Constraint) Logic Programming 10. Logic Programming Applications: What Are the Abstractions and Implementations? Index Biographies

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Book SynopsisThe idea of this book grew out of a symposium that was held at Stony Brook in September 2012 in celebration of David S.Warren's fundamental contributions to Computer Science and the area of Logic Programming in particular.Logic Programming (LP) is at the nexus of Knowledge Representation, Artificial Intelligence, Mathematical Logic, Databases, and Programming Languages. It is fascinating and intellectually stimulating due to the fundamental interplay among theory, systems, and applications brought about by logic. Logic programs are more declarative in the sense that they strive to be logical specifications of "what" to do rather than "how" to do it, and thus they are high-level and easier to understand and maintain. Yet, without being given an actual algorithm, LP systems implement the logical specifications automatically.Several books cover the basics of LP but focus mostly on the Prolog language with its incomplete control strategy and non-logical features. At the same time, there is generally a lack of accessible yet comprehensive collections of articles covering the key aspects in declarative LP. These aspects include, among others, well-founded vs. stable model semantics for negation, constraints, object-oriented LP, updates, probabilistic LP, and evaluation methods, including top-down vs. bottom-up, and tabling.For systems, the situation is even less satisfactory, lacking accessible literature that can help train the new crop of developers, practitioners, and researchers. There are a few guides onWarren’s Abstract Machine (WAM), which underlies most implementations of Prolog, but very little exists on what is needed for constructing a state-of-the-art declarative LP inference engine. Contrast this with the literature on, say, Compilers, where one can first study a book on the general principles and algorithms and then dive in the particulars of a specific compiler. Such resources greatly facilitate the ability to start making meaningful contributions quickly. There is also a dearth of articles about systems that support truly declarative languages, especially those that tie into first-order logic, mathematical programming, and constraint solving.LP helps solve challenging problems in a wide range of application areas, but in-depth analysis of their connection with LP language abstractions and LP implementation methods is lacking. Also, rare are surveys of challenging application areas of LP, such as Bioinformatics, Natural Language Processing, Verification, and Planning.The goal of this book is to help fill in the previously mentioned void in the LP literature. It offers a number of overviews on key aspects of LP that are suitable for researchers and practitioners as well as graduate students. The following chapters in theory, systems, and applications of LP are included.Table of Contents Preface PART I THEORY 1. Datalog: Concepts, History, and Outlook 2. An Introduction to the Stable and Well-Founded Semantics of Logic Programs 3. A Survey of Probabilistic Logic Programming PART II SYSTEMS 4. WAM for Everyone: A Virtual Machine for Logic Programming 5. Predicate Logic as a Modeling Language: The IDP System 6. SolverBlox: Algebraic Modeling in Dialog PART III APPLICATIONS 7. Exploring Life: Answer Set Programming in Bioinformatics 8. State-Space Search with Tabled Logic Programs 9. Natural Language Processing with (Tabled and Constraint) Logic Programming 10. Logic Programming Applications: What Are the Abstractions and Implementations? Index Biographies

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Book SynopsisCommunities of Computing is the first book-length history of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), founded in 1947 and with a membership today of 100,000 worldwide. It profiles ACM's notable SIGs, active chapters, and individual members, setting ACM's history into a rich social and political context. The book's 12 core chapters are organized into three thematic sections. "Defining the Discipline" examines the 1960s and 1970s when the field of computer science was taking form at the National Science Foundation, Stanford University, and through ACM's notable efforts in education and curriculum standards. "Broadening the Profession" looks outward into the wider society as ACM engaged with social and political issues - and as members struggled with balancing a focus on scientific issues and awareness of the wider world.Chapters examine the social turbulence surrounding the Vietnam War, debates about the women's movement, efforts for computing and community education, and international issues including professionalization and the Cold War. "Expanding Research Frontiers" profiles three areas of research activity where ACM members and ACM itself shaped notable advances in computing, including computer graphics, computer security, and hypertext.Featuring insightful profiles of notable ACM leaders, such as Edmund Berkeley, George Forsythe, Jean Sammet, Peter Denning, and Kelly Gotlieb, and honest assessments of controversial episodes, the volume deals with compelling and complex issues involving ACM and computing. It is not a narrow organizational history of ACM committees and SIGS, although much information about them is given. All chapters are original works of research. Many chapters draw on archival records of ACM's headquarters, ACM SIGs, and ACM leaders. This volume makes a permanent contribution to documenting the history of ACM and understanding its central role in the history of computing.Table of Contents 1. ACM and the Computing Revolution (Thomas J. Misa) Theme 1: Defining the Discipline 2. From Handmaiden to 'Proper Intellectual Discipline': Creating a Scientific Identity for Computer Science in 1960s America (Janet Abbate) 3. George Forsythe, the ACM, and the Creation of Computer Science As We Know It (Joseph November) 4. Solving a Career Equation: The First Doctoral Women in Computer Science (Irina Nikivincze) 5. The History and Purpose of Computing Curricula (1960s to 2000s) (Sebastian Dziallas) Theme 2: Broadening the Profession 6. 'Deeply Political and Social Issues': Debates within ACM 1965-1985 (Janet Toland) 7. Organized Advocacy for Professional Women in Computing: Comparing Histories of the AWC and the ACM-W (Amy Sue Bix) 8. The Development of Computer Professionalization in Canada (Scott Campbell) 9. The Anatomy of an Encounter: Transnational Mediation and Discipline Building in Cold War Computer Science (Ksenia Tatarchenko) 10. Concern for the 'Disadvantaged': ACM's Role in Training and Education for Communities of Color 1958-1975 (R. Arvid Nelsen) Theme 3: Expanding Research Frontiers 11. Other Places of Invention: Computer Graphics at the University of Utah (Jacob Gaboury) 12. Framing Computer Security and Privacy, 1967-1992 (Rebecca Slayton) 13. Hypertext, Digital Libraries, and Beyond: A History of SIGWEB (Inna Kouper) Bibliography

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Book SynopsisThis book discusses questions of numerical solutions of applied problems on parallel computing systems. Nowadays, engineering and scientific computations are carried out on parallel computing systems, which provide parallel data processing on a few computing nodes. In the development of up-to-date applied software, this feature of computers must be taken into account for the maximum efficient usage of their resources. In constructing computational algorithms, we should separate relatively independent subproblems in order to solve them on a single computing node.

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Book SynopsisBiometrische Erkennung statt PINs und Passwort als einfache und sichere Alternative? Mit dem vorliegenden Buch werden erstmals im deutschsprachigen Raum Grundlagen, Verfahren und Perspektiven biometrischer Identifikation zusammenhängend dargelegt. Die Beiträge von Ingenieuren, Juristen, Mathematikern, Medizinern, Philosophen und Sozialwissenschaftlern zeigen die Vielschichtigkeit der Thematik, sinnvolle Einsatzmöglichkeiten und Business-Perspektiven einer faszinierenden Technologie.Trade Review"Ein empfehlenswertes Buch zu der Thematik ist "Biometrische Identifikation" von Michael Behrens und Richard Roth. [...] Dieses Buch ist besonders interessant, weil es einen interdisziplinären Ansatz verfolgt: Das Thema wird nicht nur aus technischer Sicht beleuchtet, sondern in diesem Werk sind auch rechtliche, biologische und ethische Hintergründe und Überlegungen ausgeführt." (factum, Heft 7-8/02) "Wer sich in dieser Situation intensiver mit den wissenschaftlichen Grundlagen der biometrischen Identifikation von Menschen auseinander setzen möchte, dem bietet dieses Buch einen guten Überblick." (DIE WELT vom 13.03.02.) "Mit dem vorliegenden Buch werden erstmals im deutschsprachigen Raum Grundlagen, Verfahren und Perspektiven biometrischer Identifikation zusammenhängend dargelegt." (Netzguide E-Security, 5/02)Table of ContentsTheoretische Grundlagen biometrischer Identifikation - politische und rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen - biometrische Identifikation und Ethik - biometrische Identifikationsverfahren - Nutzer- und Marktperspektiven

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