Clinical and internal medicine Books
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Interdisziplinäre Onkologie: am Beispiel des Magenkarzinoms
Book SynopsisUnter Mitarbeit zahlreicher FachwissenschaftlerTable of ContentsPathologische Anatomie des Magenkarzinoms.- Endoskopische Diagnostik des Magenkarzinoms und sogenannter Präkanzerosen.- Röntgendiagnostik beim Magentumor.- Chirurgische Therapie des Magenkarzinoms.- Interdisziplinäre Therapie und Nachsorge bösartiger Magentumoren.- Das Magenstumpfkarzinom.- Zur Differentialdiagnose des Magenkarzinoms.- Sialinsäurehistochemie — neue Möglichkeiten zur Früherkennung des Magenkarzinoms in der pathologischen Routinediagnostik.- Lektin- und Blutgruppenhistochemie der menschlichen Magenschleimhaut — mögliche Grundlage zur Frühdiagnostik entartender Zellgruppen.- Bindungstyp und Bindungspartner terminaler Sialinsäuren in menschlichen Muzinen. Histochemischer Vergleich von normalem Kolon mit intestinalen Metaplasien vom Duodenum- und Kolontyp.- Die Pioniere der Magenchirurgie im 19. Jahrhundert.
£42.29
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Chronische Virushepatitis und ihre Behandlung mit Interferon alfa
Book SynopsisDie gro~en Fortschritte in der Hepatitisforschung, die zur Entdeckung und Charakterisierung von 5 unterschiedlichen Virushepatitiden f}hrte, erbrachteneue Erkenntnisse f}r die Epidemiologie, Infektiosit{t und zur Pathogenese. Es gelang die Entwicklung eines wirksamen und sicheren Impfstoffs gegen die Virus-B-Hepatitis. Dagegen ist die Therapie der akuten Virushepatitis und chronischen Virus-B, -C- und -D-Hepatitis noch unbefriedigend. Mit der Einf}hrung von Interferon alfa in die Behandlung der chronischen Virushepatitiden haben sich neue therapeutische Ans{tze ergeben, obwohl erst ungef{hr 30-40% der Patienten davon profitieren. Eine Anzahl von sorgf{ltig durchgef}hrten kontrollierten Therapiestudien im In- und Ausland haben inzwischen zu }bereinstimmenden Therapieempfehlungen gef}hrt, die in diesem Buch wiedergegeben werden. In diesem Buch werden die Epidemiologie, Pathogenese, Klinik und therapie sowie die Prognose der chronischen Virushepatitiden einschlie~lich der Nebenwirkung ausf}hrlich beschrieben. Es wendet sich daher an alle [rzte, die gegenw{rtig oder in Zukunft Patienten mit chronischer Virushepatitisbehandeln.Table of ContentsEpidemiologie und Klinik der Hepatitis-B-Virus(HBV)-Infektion.- Serologische Diagnostik der Hepatitis B.- Wirkungsmechanismus der Interferone; unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der chronischen Hepatitis B.- Wirksamkeit von alfa-Interferon bei der chronischen Hepatitis B.- Therapie der chronischen Hepatitis B mit alfa-Interferon: Selektion der Patienten.- Verlaufskontrolle der rezidivierenden Hepatitis B und Delta bei Patienten nach Lebertransplantation und Therapie mit rekombinantem Interferon alfa.- Hepatitis NANB/C: klinisches Bild und Krankheitsverlauf.- Diagnostik und Epidemiologie der Hepatitis-C-Virus-Infektion.- Wirksamkeit von Interferon Alfa-2b bei chronischer Hepatitis Non-A-Non-B.- Ausschlußkriterien einer Interferontherapie bei chronischer Hepatitis.- Patientenführung bei der alfa-Interferon-Therapie.
£42.29
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Leben mit Krebs: Praktischer Ratgeber für
Book SynopsisKrebserkrankte, ihre Angehörigen sowie Freunde und Behandler erhalten in diesem Ratgeber einfache und verständliche Informationen zu wichtigen Aspekten von Krebserkrankungen. Die Themenauswahl basiert auf der Aachener Veranstaltungsreihe "leben mit krebs", welche ganz nah an den Bedürfnissen der Besucher ausgerichtet ist und geht weit über die rein medizinische Versorgung hinaus. Dieses Buch unterstützt bei der Bewältigung einer Krebserkrankung und ihrer Folgen, vermittelt Informationen wie beispielsweise zu Angstbewältigung, Ernährung und Bewegung, Sexualität und Patientenverfügung auf verständliche Art und ermutigt zur eigenen Informiertheit. Praktische Tipps und Hilfestellungen für häufig nicht offen angesprochene Situationen des "Alltags" erleichtern Austausch und Gespräche zwischen allen Beteiligten. Die Autoren greifen auf ihren reichen Erfahrungsschatz aus der Behandlung von Krebspatienten und aus der Veranstaltungsreihe "leben mit krebs" zurück.Trade Review“... Mir war es ein Vergnügen, diese Ratgeber-Broschüre zu lesen. Während der Lektüre stellte sich wiederholt der Wunsch ein, die Broschüre neben den Patienten und Patientinnen ebenfalls allen Pesonen [sic], die professionell in der Betreuung von Menschen mit Krebserkrankungen tätig sind, ans Herz zu legen und nicht zuletzt auch in den Unterricht von Studierenden zu integrieren.” (M. Von Lilienfeld-Toal, in: best practice onkologie, Heft 4, April 2022)Table of ContentsÜber- „leben mit krebs.- Hoffnung auf ein gutes Leben während und nach einer Krebserkrankung.- Hoffnung auf gesundes Leben.- Hoffnung auf ein abgesichertes Leben.- Hoffnung für spezielle Gruppen.- Hoffnung auf Alltag.
£17.09
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Kindesmisshandlung: Medizinische Diagnostik,
Book SynopsisDas bewährte Fachbuch zum Kinderschutz in der Medizin bietet Strategien für den Umgang mit Verdachtsfällen von Kindesmisshandlung und -vernachlässigung, fundierte fachliche Grundlagen für die Diagnose, Sicherheit in Rechtsfragen und erprobte Konzepte für die Intervention. Fundierte somatische Diagnostik Leitliniengerecht, hohe Evidenz Rationale diagnostische Strategien Forensische Befundsicherung Kindergynäkologische Grundlagen Umsichtige Intervention & Prävention Gesprächsführung mit Eltern Interdisziplinäre Netzwerke schaffen und nutzen Frühe Hilfen Umgang mit Missbrauch in Institutionen Gesellschaftliche und rechtliche Grundlagen Auszüge wichtigster Gesetze Gesetzlicher Opferschutz, psychosoziale Folgen Kompakt und praxisrelevant Korrekte Anamnese und Dokumentation Merkblätter, Checklisten, Internetadressen Praxistipps, Differenzialdiagnosen und Fallstricke Vom „unguten Gefühl“ zu evidenzbasiertem Handeln.Unter Berücksichtigung der neuesten internationalen Leitlinien, Literatur, Gesetze und Rechtsprechung.Das erste deutschsprachige Handbuch für fachgerechte medizinische Diagnostik und Intervention. Das notwendige „Handwerkszeug“ für Ärzte und andere Gesundheitsberufe, um in der täglichen Praxis die richtigen Entscheidungen zu treffen. Als Leitfaden, Ratgeber und Nachschlagewerk für Ärzte, aber auch alle anderen beteiligten Fachleute im Kinderschutz: Juristen, Polizei, Jugendämter, Beratungsstellen ….Trade Review“... Das mittlerweile zu Recht als Standardwerk betrachtete Buch kann auch in seiner aktuellen Auflage Rechtsmedizinern und allen anderen, im Kinderschutz tätigen Ärzten sowie nicht-Medizinern uneingeschränkt empfohlen werden.” (Thomas Bajanowski, in: Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde, Heft 9, 1. September 2017)Table of ContentsEinleitung.- Diagnostik bei körperlicher Kindesmisshandlung und Vernachlässigung.- Nichtakzidentelle Kopfverletzungen und Schütteltrauma-Syndrom.- Hautbefunde.- Knochenverletzungen.- Viszerale und HNO-Verletzungen, seltene und schlecht klassifizierbare Formen der Kindesmisshandlung.- Grundlagen,- Anamnese und Untersuchung bei sexuellem Missbrauch eines Kindes.- Befunde und Klassifikation.- Sexuell übertragbare Infektionen und prophylaktische Maßnahmen.- Differenzialdiagnosen bei Befunden nach sexuellem Missbrauch eines Kindes.- Vernachlässigung und mangelnde Fürsorge.- Risikofaktoren, emotionale Misshandlung und psychische Folgen von Kindesmisshandlung und Vernachlässigung.- Grundlagen.- Tötung von Neugeborenen und Säuglingen.- Tötung von Kindern.- Beweissicherung ohne polizeiliche Hilfe.- Beweissicherung mit polizeilicher Hilfe.- Kindesmisshandlung und Kindesmissbrauch im Strafgesetzbuch.- Gesetzlicher Opferschutz.- Intervention und Prävention bei Kindesmisshandlung und Kindesvernachlässigung.- Ärztlicher Umgang mit dem Verdacht auf Misshandlung und Vernachlässigung.- Spezielle Einrichtungen des Kinderschutzes.- Prävention, Frühwarnsysteme, lokale Netzwerke.
£26.59
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Pocket Guide Schmerztherapie: Soforthilfe bei den
Book SynopsisDieses Buch für die Kitteltasche wendet sich explizit an Ärzte und Ärztinnen aller Fachdisziplinen im Krankenhaus oder niedergelassenen Bereich, die nicht auf Schmerztherapie spezialisiert sind. Von A wie Arthrose bis Z wie Zosterneuralgie finden sich sämtliche Krankheitsbilder dargestellt, die mit akuten oder chronischen Schmerzen assoziiert sind: nach anatomischer Region und Erkrankungen geordnet. Dabei werden jeweils praxisrelevant und prägnant die nicht-medikamentösen und medikamentösen Therapiemöglichkeiten aufgelistet. Zusätzlich wird auf die Therapie postoperativer Schmerzen eingegangen, z.B. nach abdominellen, intrathorakalen oder Eingriffen im HNO-Bereich. Hinweise auf Besonderheiten, u.a. bei Demenz, im Alter, bei Kindern, Adipositas, Sucht sowie in der Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit runden das Werk ab und machen es dadurch besonders praxistauglich und ubiquitär einsetzbar. Die 2. Auflage erscheint komplett überarbeitet, aktualisiert und erweitert. Neue Themen sind u.a. die moderne Migränetherapie, Systematik der Schmerzdiagnosen im ICD-11 und psychische Komorbiditäten im Rahmen der Schmerzmedizin.Table of Contents
£32.99
Springer Bone Marrow Edema
Book SynopsisAnatomy and Physiology of the Bone-Bone Marrow System.- Definitions, Forms and Pathogenesis of BME.- Imaging Diagnostics of BME in Radiology.- Options and Strategies in the Therapy of BMES.- BME in Internal Medicine and Oncology.- BME and BMES in Orthopedics and Traumatology.- CRPS in Orthopedics and Neurology.- Appendix.
£71.99
Bremen University Press Unsichtbar krank
£20.25
LAP Lambert Academic Publishing Easy Diagnosis of Bronchial Asthma by Use of Hyper Tonic Saline ( Nacl)
£34.57
Verlag Unser Wissen Wirksamkeit von Taping und ischämischer Kompressionstechnik bei Zervikalgie
£32.38
Editions Notre Savoir Efficacité de la technique du scotch et de la compression ischémique pour les cervicalgies
£32.38
Verlag Unser Wissen Wahrnehmung von sozialer Stigmatisierung in der psychischen Gesundheit
£30.17
Editions Notre Savoir Plante Boerhavia diffusa et traitement du panaris
£42.38
Edizioni Sapienza Cistostomia continentale di Mitrofanoff
£32.30
Wydawnictwo Nasza Wiedza Pielegniarstwo na oddziale intensywnej terapii w centrum uwagi
£31.45
Nirali Prakashan, Educational Publishers Drug Regulatory Affairs
£22.79
Springer Evaluation and Treatment of Obesity
Book SynopsisIt is a pleasure to present the book, Evaluation and Treatment of Obesity, for reference and textbook use. The text is an outgrowth of the Obesity Weight Control Track of the 1982 La Crosse Health and Sports Science Symposium, sponsored annually by the La Crosse Exercise Program, Uni versity of Wisconsin-La Crosse. With versatile faculty, topics, and attend ing professionals, the Obesity-Weight Control Track stimulated an effort to produce interdisciplinary resources on obesity. Out of this effort, three books have been compiled and edited. This book, Evaluation and Treatment of Obesity, introduces an interdis ciplinary, practical approach to obesity management. The other two books, Nutrition and Exercise in Obesity Management and Behavioral Management of Obesity, expand on the basic theories introduced in this book, providing in-depth information of value to the practicing profes sional. These three books apply the latest information from the fields of medicine, nutrition, exercise, and psychology to the problem of obesity. The information is intended to guide health professionals in the inter disciplinary management of obesity. In 1983 the Obesity-Weight Control Track focused on controversial issues of theoretical and practical concern. The speakers from this track contributed their expertise to the compilation of two additional books. Thus, Trends and Controversies in Obesity Research and Innovation in Obesity Program Development will complete the series. Consider the five volumes a consolidated, comprehensive reference related to the growing, interdisciplinary field of weight control.Table of Contents1. Obesity Treatment: State of the Art.- 2. Regulation of Energy Balance.- 3. Medical Indications for Weight Reduction.- 4. Clinical Assessment of the Obese Individual.- 5. Practical Methods of Measuring Body Composition.- 6. Psychological Factors Related to Eating and Activity Behaviors.
£42.74
£119.25
Springer Verlag, Singapore Textbook of Parasitic Zoonoses
Book SynopsisThis textbook, which is the first volume in the series Microbial Zoonoses, provides a comprehensive overview of the diagnosis, treatment and control of zoonotic parasitic diseases. The book is divided into two sections; the first section discusses the classification of parasitic zoonoses and includes general information on the diagnosis, treatment, epidemiology, prevention, and control of parasitic zoonoses. It also describes the biological features of these organisms, host-parasite interactions, and the disease spectrum, as well as the importance of public health control measures, such as surveillance, and prophylactic measures in controlling these diseases.The second section explores the important zoonotic diseases caused by ectoparasites, protozoan and helminths parasites. It also reviews the life cycle, pathogenesis, pathology, immunology and clinical manifestations, modern diagnostic methods, treatment regimen, prevention, control, and epidemiology of these parasites.Cutting across the disciplines, this book serves as a guide to postgraduate students, faculty members, public health experts, and medical administrators who are interested in the management of these parasitic zoonotic infections.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Parasite taxonomy, Classification of Zoonoses. - Chapter 2. Host Parasite Relationship and Spectrum of Clinical Manifestations. - Chapter 3. Parasitic Immunology. - Chapter 4. Parasite Genomics. - Chapter 5. Parasite Proteomics. - Chapter 6. Epidemiology of Parasitic Zoonoses. - Chapter 7. Diagnosis of Parasitic Zoonoses. - Chapter 8. Treatment and Management of Parasitic Zoonoses. - Chapter 9. Drug Resistance in Parasites. - Chapter 10. Zoonotic potential of Bioterrorism. - Chapter 11. Prevention, Surveillance, and Control of Parasitic Zoonoses. - Chapter 12. Toxoplasmosis. - Chapter 13. Giardiasis. - Chapter 14. Leishmaniasis. - Chapter 15. Trypanosomiasis. - Chapter 16. Malaria. - Chapter 17. Babesiosis. - Chapter 18. Cryptosporidiosis. - Chapter 19. Sarcocystosis. . - Chapter 20. Balantidiasis. - Chapter 21. Schistosomiasis. - Chapter 22. Fascioliasis. - Chapter 23. Fasciolopsiasis. - Chapter 24. Paragonomiasis. - Chapter 25. Echinostomiasis. - Chapter 26. Ophistorchiasis. - Chapter 27. Clonerchiasis. - Chapter 28. Heterophyes, Metagonimus, Dirocelium, Trogolotrema, and Watsonia infections. - Chapter 29. Diphyllobothriasis. - Chapter 30. Taeniasis. - Chapter 31. Echinococciasis. - Chapter 32. Sparganosis. - Chapter 33. Dipyllidiosis. - Chapter 34. Hymenolepsiasis. - Chapter 35. Coenurosis. - Chapter 36. Bertiella, Inermicapsifer, and Raillietinal infections. - Chapter 37. Trichinellosis. - Chapter 38. Dracunculiasis. - Chapter 39. Capillariasis. - Chapter 40. Strongyloidosis. - Chapter 41. Ancylostomiasis. - Chapter 42. Ascariasis. - Chapter 43. Dioctophymasis. - Chapter 44. Angiostrongylus and Trichostrongylus infections. - Chapter 45. Toxocariasis. - Chapter 46. Anisakiasis. - Chapter 47. Gnathostomiasis. - Chapter 48. Dirofilariasis. - Chapter 49. Thelaziasis. - Chapter 50. Gongylonemiasis. - Chapter 51. Termidens infections. - Chapter 52. Larva Migrans . - Chapter 53. Oesophagostomum and Mammomonogamus infections. - Chapter 54. Pentastomiasis. - Chapter 55. Scabies. - Chapter 56. Myiasis. - Chapter 57. Tungiasis. - Chapter 58. Ticks, Mites, Fleas. - Chapter 59. Allergenic Mites
£42.74
Springer CuttingEdge Strategies in Drug Delivery and Immunotherapy for Autoimmune Disorders
Book Synopsis1. Introduction to Autoimmune Diseases: A Global Health Challenge.- 2. Genetic Predisposition and Epigenetic Modifications in Autoimmune Pathogenesis.- 3. Familial Aggregation and Hereditary Factors in Autoimmunity.- 4. Decoding Environmental Triggers: Advancing Therapeutic Strategies and Preventive Measures for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Type 1 Diabetes, and Multiple Sclerosis.- 5. Environmental Triggers and Autoimmune Responses.- 6. Spectrum of Autoimmune Disorders: From Systemic to Organ-Specific Manifestations.- 7. Therapeutic Modalities for Autoimmune Diseases: Current Challenges and Future Directions.- 8. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Underlying Autoimmune Pathologies.- 9. Underlying the cellular regulations in Autoimmune Pathologies.- 10. Computational Modeling in Understanding Autoimmune Disorders.- 11. Novel Compounds and Drug Delivery Systems in Autoimmune Therapy.- 12. Targeted Next-Generation Nanoparticles in Autoimmune Disease Treatment.
£107.99
Columbia University Press Empirical Clinical Practice
Book Synopsis'
£52.70
Columbia University Press Toxic Exposures
Book SynopsisDrawing on environmental and medical sociology, environmental justice, and social movement studies, this work looks at the ways scientific findings are made available to the public and the changing nature of policy offers a new perspective on health and the environment and the relationship among people, knowledge, power, and authority.Trade ReviewEnvironmental activists, wannabe activists, and folks tired of environmental hazards in their communities will find this a worthwhile guide for action. Library Journal Toxic Exposures does shed light on the intersection of health research, advocacy and policy-making. -- Paul D. Blanc Nature Timely and important. -- Peder Anker Science A guidebook for those wishing to understand the environmental-health movement. -- Sandra Steingraber Times Literary Supplement Toxic Exposures is one of the most important books I have read in a long time. -- David Naguib Pellow Mobilization The chapter on breast cancer is reason enough to read this book. -- Jill Chapin Breast Cancer Action Newsletter [Toxic Exposures] rightfully belongs on the shelf next to other books on contemporary issues in medicine. -- Russ Lopez Journal of the American Medical Association Not just another addition to environmental justice studies but provides substantial contributions to the foundations of environmental justice research. Nature and CultureTable of ContentsForeword by Lois Gibbs Preface: Toxic Exposures and the Challenge of Environmental Health List of Abbreviations Acknowledgments 1. Citizen-Science Alliances and Health Social Movements: Contested Illnesses and Challenges to the Dominant Epidemiological Paradigm 2. Breast Cancer: A Powerful Movement and a Struggle for Science 3. Asthma, Environmental Factors, and Environmental Justice 4. Gulf War-Related Illnesses and the Hunt for Causation: The "Stress of War" Versus the "Dirty Battlefield" 5. Similarities and Differences Among Asthma, Breast Cancer, and Gulf War Illnesses 6. The New Precautionary Approach: A Public Paradigm in Progress 7. Implications of the Contested Illnesses Perspective 8. Conclusion: The Growing Environmental Health Movement Notes Bibliography Index
£35.70
Indiana University Press African Medical Pluralism
Book SynopsisTrade Review"This volume covers much ground and gives a good orientation to readers who are totally new to the concept of medical pluralism and the range of healing modalities in Africa. I predict this book will be used widely in courses in anthropology, medical anthropology, African studies, and global health." -Paul Brodwin, author of Everyday Ethics: Voices from the Front Line of Community PsychiatryTable of ContentsIntroduction by William C. Olsen and Carolyn SargentBiomedicine and African Healing:1. Stacey Langwick: "The Value of Secrets: Pragmatic Healers and Proprietary Knowledge"2. William C. Olsen: "Body and Sunsum: Stroke in Asante"3. Susan J. Rasmussen: "Spirits and Pills Who Are Against Children: Medico-Rituals and Assisted Reproductive Technologies in a Tuareg Couple's Quest for Parenthood"4. John M. Janzen: "Science in the Moral Space of Health and Healing Paradigms in Western Equatorial Africa"5. Brooke Grundfest Schoepf: "Medical Pluralism Revisted: A Memoir" Symptoms and Therapeutic Pluralities:6. Ulrika Trovalla: "Wishful Doing: Journeying in a Nigerian Medical Landscape"7. Koen Stroeken: "The Individualization of Illness: Bewitchment and the Mental in Postcolonial Tanzania"8. Christopher C. Taylor: "Ihahamuka—PTSD in Postgenocidal Rwanda: Culture, Continuity and Change in Rwandan Therapeutics" Hospital Ethnography:9. Elisha Renne: "Ear Infections, Malnutrition, and Circuitous Health Care Treatments in Zaria, Nigeria"10. Benson A. Mulemi: "Therapeutic Eclecticism and Cancer Care in a Kenyan Hospital Ward" 11.Carolyn Sargent and James Leslie Kennell: "Elusive Paths, Fluid Care: Seeking Healing and Protection in the Republic of Benin" 12. Claire Wendland: "Legitimate Care, Dangerous Care, and Childbirth in an Urban African Community" Afterword by Arthur KleinmanIndex
£56.10
Indiana University Press African Medical Pluralism
Book SynopsisTrade Review"This volume covers much ground and gives a good orientation to readers who are totally new to the concept of medical pluralism and the range of healing modalities in Africa. I predict this book will be used widely in courses in anthropology, medical anthropology, African studies, and global health." -Paul Brodwin, author of Everyday Ethics: Voices from the Front Line of Community PsychiatryTable of ContentsIntroduction by William C. Olsen and Carolyn SargentBiomedicine and African Healing:1. Stacey Langwick: "The Value of Secrets: Pragmatic Healers and Proprietary Knowledge"2. William C. Olsen: "Body and Sunsum: Stroke in Asante"3. Susan J. Rasmussen: "Spirits and Pills Who Are Against Children: Medico-Rituals and Assisted Reproductive Technologies in a Tuareg Couple's Quest for Parenthood"4. John M. Janzen: "Science in the Moral Space of Health and Healing Paradigms in Western Equatorial Africa"5. Brooke Grundfest Schoepf: "Medical Pluralism Revisted: A Memoir" Symptoms and Therapeutic Pluralities:6. Ulrika Trovalla: "Wishful Doing: Journeying in a Nigerian Medical Landscape"7. Koen Stroeken: "The Individualization of Illness: Bewitchment and the Mental in Postcolonial Tanzania"8. Christopher C. Taylor: "Ihahamuka—PTSD in Postgenocidal Rwanda: Culture, Continuity and Change in Rwandan Therapeutics" Hospital Ethnography:9. Elisha Renne: "Ear Infections, Malnutrition, and Circuitous Health Care Treatments in Zaria, Nigeria"10. Benson A. Mulemi: "Therapeutic Eclecticism and Cancer Care in a Kenyan Hospital Ward" 11.Carolyn Sargent and James Leslie Kennell: "Elusive Paths, Fluid Care: Seeking Healing and Protection in the Republic of Benin" 12. Claire Wendland: "Legitimate Care, Dangerous Care, and Childbirth in an Urban African Community" Afterword by Arthur KleinmanIndex
£21.59
Indiana University Press Life and Death in Kolofata
Book SynopsisEllen Einterz tells her remarkable story of delivering healthcare in Africa, where she fought against disease, injury, and malnutrition while under threat from the terrorist group Boko Haram.Table of ContentsAcknowledgmentsPart 1You will also require an umbrellaTo the end of the earthSo here we areEvery day someone's child diesLaying the foundationWho among them ever heard of Descartes?In their most dire poverty we find wealthThere are times when I really hate this workThe swift ticking of a little heartThere are no bridgesAmadou AliSlipping and sliding through the mudWhen in doubt, do nothing, go nowhere, say not a wordHe was burned everywhereThere is sure to be sorcery involvedOf donkeys, sheep and stablesThe God in KolofataPart 2She made it clear that she had reached her final destinationKeeping the front wheels in front of the back I am counting on you, should God turn out to be MuslimThe father of the husband ate herYou know about satellite phones?Write well to the Big People, tell them about this placeWhatever you do, don't say you're from EnglishOf the pain they bear, how much is our share?The sous-préfet wants to see youThere is a huge difference between 108 and 112 degrees Part 3Their ability to cope is almost beyond beliefSympathy and shared horrorEvery jutting rib, every mother's tearSome day my very soul will leave my bodyJust weedsPeople say it is blood being poured over the moonGod decided her time had come to dieThey close the nose and mouth, lest the last breath escapeBodies lying contorted on the sandWhere things get doneMy mother, I am dyingI'm going to carry you on my backObama CityIf you shake their hands, your testicles fall offHere, take this, please, fix it Part 4I wonder who will deliver her first childThe war is going to come to CameroonDo they want to kill you or abduct you?Who knows what they are eatingOur job is to take care of them to the best of our abilityWhat good fortune we Americans have hadHow do you say no if the person asking is holding an AK-47?Trekking to go somewhere, anywhereWhere I come from, you do not ask questionsWe wondered if Kolofata was being set up as the bull's-eyeNot longer than seven years, seven weeks and seven daysWhatever you can do, you should doAmong the slaughtered are many we cared for Epilogue
£45.00
Indiana University Press Life and Death in Kolofata
Book SynopsisEllen Einterz tells her remarkable story of delivering healthcare in Africa, where she fought against disease, injury, and malnutrition while under threat from the terrorist group Boko Haram.Table of ContentsAcknowledgmentsPart 1You will also require an umbrellaTo the end of the earthSo here we areEvery day someone's child diesLaying the foundationWho among them ever heard of Descartes?In their most dire poverty we find wealthThere are times when I really hate this workThe swift ticking of a little heartThere are no bridgesAmadou AliSlipping and sliding through the mudWhen in doubt, do nothing, go nowhere, say not a wordHe was burned everywhereThere is sure to be sorcery involvedOf donkeys, sheep and stablesThe God in KolofataPart 2She made it clear that she had reached her final destinationKeeping the front wheels in front of the back I am counting on you, should God turn out to be MuslimThe father of the husband ate herYou know about satellite phones?Write well to the Big People, tell them about this placeWhatever you do, don't say you're from EnglishOf the pain they bear, how much is our share?The sous-préfet wants to see youThere is a huge difference between 108 and 112 degrees Part 3Their ability to cope is almost beyond beliefSympathy and shared horrorEvery jutting rib, every mother's tearSome day my very soul will leave my bodyJust weedsPeople say it is blood being poured over the moonGod decided her time had come to dieThey close the nose and mouth, lest the last breath escapeBodies lying contorted on the sandWhere things get doneMy mother, I am dyingI'm going to carry you on my backObama CityIf you shake their hands, your testicles fall offHere, take this, please, fix it Part 4I wonder who will deliver her first childThe war is going to come to CameroonDo they want to kill you or abduct you?Who knows what they are eatingOur job is to take care of them to the best of our abilityWhat good fortune we Americans have hadHow do you say no if the person asking is holding an AK-47?Trekking to go somewhere, anywhereWhere I come from, you do not ask questionsWe wondered if Kolofata was being set up as the bull's-eyeNot longer than seven years, seven weeks and seven daysWhatever you can do, you should doAmong the slaughtered are many we cared for Epilogue
£20.89
WW Norton & Co Breathing Lessons
Book SynopsisAn authoritative, accessible guide to how our lungs work and how to protect themTrade Review"Breathing is essential to life, yet historically, the lungs haven’t received as much attention as other organs of the body. Especially as our world faces the intersecting health threats of COVID-19, chronic lung diseases, and air pollution Breathing Lessons is an imperative and engaging read for all those who breathe." -- Harold Wimmer, President and CEO, American Lung Association
£18.99
John Wiley & Sons Inc Quantitative Methods for Health Research
Book SynopsisQuantitative Research Methods for Health Professionals: A Practical Interactive Courseis a superb introduction to epidemiology, biostatistics, and research methodology for the whole health care community. Drawing examples from a wide range of health research, this practical handbook covers important contemporary health research methods such as survival analysis, Cox regression, and meta-analysis, the understanding of which go beyond introductory concepts. The book includes self-assessment exercises throughout to help students explore and reflect on their understanding and a clear distinction is made between a) knowledge and concepts that all students should ensure they understand and b) those that can be pursued by students who wish to do so. The authors incorporate a program of practical exercises in SPSS using a prepared data set that helps to consolidate the theory and develop skills and confidence in data handling, analysis and interpretation.Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgements. 1. Philosophy of science and introduction to epidemiology. Introduction and learning objectives. 1.1 Approaches to scientific research. 1.2 Formulating a research question. 1.3 Rates: incidence and prevalence. 1.4 Concepts of prevention. 1.5 Answers to self-assessment exercises. 2. Routine data sources and descriptive epidemiology. Introduction and learning objectives. 2.1 Routine collection of health information. 2.2 Descriptive epidemiology. 2.3 Information on the environment. 2.4 Displaying, describing and presenting data. 2.5 Summary of routinely available data. 2.6 Descriptive epidemiology in action. 2.7 Overview of epidemiological study designs. 2.8 Answers to self-assessment exercises. 3. Standardisation. Introduction and learning objectives. 3.1 Health inequalities in Merseyside. 3.2 Indirect standardisation: calculation of the standardised mortality ratio (SMR). 3.3 Direct standardisation. 3.4 Standardisation for factors other than age. 3.5 Answers to self-assessment exercises. 4. Surveys. Introduction and learning objectives. 4.1 Purpose and context. 4.2 Sampling methods. 4.3 The sampling frame. 4.4 Sampling error, confidence intervals and sample size . 4.5 Response. 4.6 Measurement. 4.7 Data types and presentation. 4.8 Answers to self-assessment exercises. 5. Cohort studies. Introduction and learning objectives. 5.1 Why do a cohort study?. 5.2 Obtaining the sample. 5.3 Measurement. 5.4 Follow-up. 5.5 Basic presentation and analysis of results. 5.6 How large should a cohort study be?. 5.7 Confounding. 5.8 Simple linear regression. 5.9 Introduction to multiple linear regression. 5.10 Answers to self-assessment exercises. 6. Case-control studies. Introduction and learning objectives. 6.1 Why do a case-control study?. 6.2 Key elements of study design. 6.3 Basic unmatched and matched analysis. 6.4 Sample size for a case-control study. 6.5 Confounding and logistic regression. 6.6 Answers to self-assessment exercises. 7. Intervention studies. Introduction and learning objectives. 7.1 Why do an intervention study?. 7.2 Key elements of intervention study design. 7.3 The analysis of intervention studies. 7.4 Testing more complex interventions. 7.5 How big should the trial be?. 7.6 Further aspects of intervention study design and analysis. 7.7 Answers to self-assessment exercises. 8. Life tables, survival analysis and Cox regression. Introduction and learning objectives. 8.1 Survival analysis. 8.2 Cox regression. 8.3 Current life tables. 8.4 Answers to self-assessment exercises. 9. Systematic reviews and meta analysis. Introduction and learning objectives. 9.1 The why and how of systematic reviews. 9.2 The methodology of meta-analysis. 9.3 Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies. 9.4 The Cochrane Collaboration. 9.5 Answers to self-assessment exercises. 10. Prevention strategies and evaluation of screening . Introduction and learning objectives. 10.1 Concepts of risk. 10.2 Strategies of prevention. 10.3 Evaluation of screening programmes. 10.4 Cohort and period effects. 10.5 Answers to self-assessment exercises. 11. Probability distributions, hypothesis testing and Bayesian methods. Introduction and learning objectives. 11.1 Probability distributions. 11.2 Data that do not ‘fit’ a probability distribution. 11.3 Hypothesis testing. 11.4 Choosing an appropriate hypothesis test. 11.5 Bayesian methods. 11.6 Answers to self-assessment exercises. Bibliography. Index.
£119.65
John Wiley & Sons Inc Essential Physiological Biochemistry
Book Synopsis.. An accessible engaging primer that describes biochemical processes within a physiological framework. .. Assumes only a basic understanding of chemistry and focuses on helping the reader to understand key concepts.Table of ContentsPreface. 1 Introduction to metabolism. 2 Dynamic and quantitative aspects of metabolism: bioenergetics and enzyme kinetics. 3 Principles of metabolic control: enzymes, substrates, inhibitors and genes. 4 Biochemistry of intercellular communication; metabolic integration and coordination. 5 Biochemistry of the blood and the vascular system. 6 Biochemistry of the liver. 7 Biochemistry of muscle. 8 Biochemistry of the kidneys. 9 Biochemistry of connective tissue: bone and adipose. Appendix 1 Answers to problems. Appendix 2 Table of important metabolic pathways. Index.
£43.65
John Wiley & Sons Inc Principles of Health Care Ethics
Book SynopsisEdited by four leading members of the new generation of medical and healthcare ethicists working in the UK, respected worldwide for their work in medical ethics, Principles of Health Care Ethics, Second Edition is a standard resource for students, professionals, and academics wishing to understand current and future issues in healthcare ethics.Trade Review"It is probably now the single most comprehensive bioethics textbook available … This is a very fine book indeed." (BMA Medical Book Competition - Programme and Award Winners, September 2008) “Serve[s] as a reference text of concise reviews and as a medical ethics sampler. Such approachable original essays by authors who are experts in their respective fields will serve as excellent teaching tools, and I anticipate referring house staff, nurses, and therapists to them … .Serve[s] as a source of intriguing insights on topics not commonly on the clinical ethics table. It offers clinicians and medical practitioners a starting place to understand key concepts and problems in medical ethics. As such, it is a valuable reference text.” (Respiratory Care, April 2008) "This is a well though out book covering a wide variety of ethical problems in healthcare. It provides those interested in healthcare ethics a great resource for starting their inquiry and would be a valuable inquisition." (Doody's, November 2007)Table of ContentsList of Contributors xi Foreword: Raanan E. Gillon xix Foreword: Tony Hope xxi Preface xxiii PART I: METHODOLOGY AND PERSPECTIVES Introduction by John R. McMillan 1 1 The 'Four Principles' Approach to Health Care Ethics 3 Tom L. Beauchamp 2 Theories of Autonomy 11 Natalie Stoljar 3 Benefi cence 19 Garrett Cullity 4 Responsibilities for Poverty-Related Ill Health 27 Thomas Pogge 5 Liberalism and Communitarianism 35 Colin Tyler 6 How Many Principles for Bioethics? 43 Robert M. Veatch 7 Casuistical Reasoning in Medical Ethics 51 Albert R. Jonsen 8 Utilitarianism and Bioethics 57 Matti Häyry 9 Deontology 65 David A. McNaughton and J. Piers Rawling 10 Kantian Ethics 73 Onora O'Neill 11 Feminist Approaches to Health Care Ethics 79 Susan Sherwin 12 Virtue Theory 87 Justin Oakley 13 Moral Relativism 93 Mark Sheehan 14 Christian Approaches to Bioethics 99 Heather Widdows 15 Judaism and Medicine: Jewish Medical Ethics 109 Fred Rosner 16 The Search for Islamic Bioethics Principles 117 Abdulaziz Sachedina 17 Buddhist Bioethics 127 James Hughes 18 South Asian Approaches to Health Care Ethics 135 Harold Coward 19 The Specious Idea of an Asian Bioethics: Beyond Dichotomizing East and West 143 Jing-Bao Nie 20 Narrative Ethics 151 Howard Brody 21 Empirical Approaches to Health Care Ethics 159 Jeremy Sugarman, Robert A. Pearlman, Holly A. Taylor 22 Medical Sociology and the Redundancy of Empirical Ethics 167 Adam Hedgecoe 23 The Use of Thought Experiments in Health Care Ethics 177 Adrian Walsh 24 Deliberative Bioethics 185 Michael Parker 25 Law, Ethics and Health Care 193 Sheila A.M. McLean 26 Medical Humanities: An Overview 199 Martyn Evans 27 Reflective Equilibrium as a Method in Health Care Ethics 207 Theo van Willigenburg 28 Hermeneutic Ethics between Practice and Theory 215 Guy A.M. Widdershoven, Tineke A. Abma 29 Paternalism in Health Care and Health Policy 223 James F. Childress 30 Need: An Instrumental View 231 Anthony J. Culyer 31 Rights 239 James G.S. Wilson 32 Exploitation in Health Care 247 Alan Wertheimer 33 Competence to Consent 255 Monique F. Jonas 34 The Doctrine of Double Effect 263 Suzanne Uniacke 35 Ordinary and Extraordinary Means 269 Stephen D. John 36 Acts and Omissions 273 Tuija Takala 37 Personhood and Moral Status 277 Ainsley J. Newson 38 Commodifi cation 285 Stephen Wilkinson PART II: ISSUES IN HEALTH CARE PRACTICE Introduction by Heather Draper 293 39 Consent and Informed Consent 297 Neil C. Manson 40 Treatment Decisions for Incapacitated Patients 305 Rebecca S. Dresser 41 Children's Consent to Medical Treatment 311 David W. Archard 42 Patients and Disclosure of Surgical Risk 319 Justin Oakley 43 Confi dentiality 325 Rebecca Bennett 44 Truth Telling, Lying and the Doctor-Patient Relationship 333 Roger Higgs 45 Personal Beliefs and Patient Care 339 Jennifer Jackson 46 Conscience and Health Care Ethics 345 Piers Benn 47 Care in Families 351 Hilde Lindemann 48 The Ethics of Primary Health Care 357 Annettee J. Braunack-Mayer 49 The Nurse-Patient Relationship: A 'Principles plus Care' Account 365 Steven D. Edwards 50 Dual Responsibilities: Do They Raise Any Different Ethical Issues from 'Normal' Therapeutic Relationships? 371 Ann Sommerville and Veronica English 51 Violent and Abusive Patients: An Ethically Informed Response 379 G.M. Behr, J.S. Emmanuel, J.P. Ruddock 52 The Moral Signifi cance of the Human Foetus 387 Norman Ford 53 Will We Need Abortion in Utopia? 393 Adrienne Asch 54 Maternal-Foetal Confl ict 401 Rosamund Scott 55 Limits to Reproductive Liberty 409 Thomas H. Murray 56 Disability without Denial 415 Tom Sorell 57 Disability and Equity: Should Difference Be Welcomed? 421 Tom Shakespeare 58 Genetic Counselling 427 Angus Clarke 59 Ethics and Psychotherapy: An Issue of Trust 435 Tim Bond 60 Mental Illness and Compulsory Treatment 443 John R. McMillan 61 Personality Disorders and Compulsory Detention 449 Matt Matravers 62 Labia mea, Domine: Media, Morality and Eating Disorders 455 Simona Giordano 63 Intellectual Disability 463 Pekka Louhiala 64 Ethical Issues and Health Care for Older People 469 Julian C. Hughes 65 Organs and Tissues for Transplantation and Research 475 David P.T. Price 66 Living Donor Organ Transplantation 483 Timothy M. Wilkinson 67 Euthanasia and Principled Health Care Ethics: From Confl ict to Compromise? 489 Richard Huxtable 68 Understanding and Misunderstanding Death 497 David Lamb 69 Ethics without Boundaries: Medical Tourism 505 Guido Pennings 70 Ethics of Performance Enhancement in Sport: Drugs and Gene Doping 511 Bennett Foddy, Julian Savulescu 71 Training Good Professionals: Ethics and Health Care Education 521 Nafsika Athanassoulis 72 Ethics Consultation and Ethics Committees 527 Anne Slowther PART III: MEDICINE IN SOCIETY Introduction by Angus Dawson 535 73 The Concepts of Health and Illness 537 Lennart Y. Nordenfelt 74 Community in Public Health Ethics 543 Bruce Jennings 75 Health Promotion, Society and Health Care Ethics 549 Alan Cribb 76 Preventing Disease 557 Marcel Verweij 77 Quantitative Methods for Priority-Setting in Health: Ethical Issues 563 Daniel Wikler, Dan W. Brock, Sarah Marchand, and Tessa Tan Torres 78 Economics, Political Philosophy and Ethics: The Role of Public Preferences in Health Care Decision-Making 569 Jeff Richardson, John McKie 79 Decision Analysis: The Ethical Approach to Most Health Decision Making 577 Jack Dowie 80 Health Inequities and the Social Determinants of Health 585 Wendy Rogers 81 Organizational Ethics in Health Care 593 Jacob E. Kurlander, Marion Danis 82 Ethical Issues in Epidemiology 601 Steven S. Coughlin 83 Screening: Ethical Aspects 607 Niklas Juth, Christian Munthe 84 Vaccination Ethics 617 Angus Dawson 85 The Patient as Victim and Vector: Bioethics and the Challenge of Infectious Diseases 623 Margaret P. Battin, Linda S. Carr-Lee, Leslie P. Francis, Jay A. Jacobson, Charles B. Smith 86 Bioterrorism, Society and Health Care Ethics 631 Michael J. Selgelid 87 Drug Addiction, Society and Ethics 639 Wayne Hall, Adrian Carter 88 Smoking: Is Acceptance of the Risks Fully Voluntary? 647 Robert E. Goodin 89 Doctors and Human Rights 655 Doris Schroeder 90 Duties to Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Host Countries' Medical Systems 663 Pascale Allotey, Hilary Pickles, Vanessa Johnston 91 Medical Aid in Disaster Relief 671 Soren Holm PART IV: RESEARCH ETHICS AND ETHICS OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES Introduction by Richard E. Ashcroft 679 92 The Ethics and Governance of Medical Research 681 Richard E. Ashcroft 93 On The Ethics of Animal Research 689 David DeGrazia 94 The Ethical Requirement for Systematic Reviews for Randomized Trials 697 Mike Clarke 95 Informed Consent for Research 703 James Flory, David Wendler and Ezekiel Emanuel 96 Evaluating Benefi ts and Harms in Clinical Research 711 Paul B. Miller and Charles Weijer 97 Patients' Obligations? 719 Simon Woods 98 Standard of Care Owed to Participants in Clinical Trials: Different Standards in Different Countries? 729 Reidar K. Lie 99 Justice and Priority Setting in International Health Care Research 735 Solomon R. Benatar 100 Obligations of the Pharmaceutical Industry 743 Udo Schuklenk and Jim Gallagher 101 Ethics and Medical Publishing 751 Richard Smith and Iain Chalmers 102 Human Reproductive Cloning 759 D. Gareth Jones and Kerry A. Galvin 103 Obtaining Human Eggs for Stem Cell Research: Ethical Issues 767 Heather Draper 104 The Ethics of Xenotransplantation 775 Jonathan Hughes 105 Pharmacogenomics 783 Ruth Chadwick 106 Ethical Issues in Human Gene Transfer: A Historical Overview 789 Eric T. Juengst and Hannah Grankvist 107 The Ethics of Ageing, Immortality and Genetics 797 Daniela Cutas and John Harris 108 Ethical Issues of Enhancement Technologies 803 Ruud H.J. Ter Meulen, Lisbeth Nielsen, Laurens Landeweerd 109 Psychosurgery and Neuroimplantation: Changing What is Deep Within a Person 811 Grant Gillett 110 Resisting Addiction: Novel Application of Vaccines 819 Andreas Hasman Index 827
£305.06
John Wiley & Sons Inc Prognostic Factors in Cancer UICC
Book SynopsisPrognostic Factors in Cancer, Third Edition examines the prognostic factors associated with each cancer site and provides insight into potential treatments and therapies.Trade Review"Recommended for the medical profession[al] dealing with cancer patients." (E-STREAMS, June 2007) "This is a well organized and…comprehensive book…a quick reference that brings together state-of-the-art knowledge for numerous tumor types." (Doody's Health Services) "…one of only textbooks of its kind to focus on the clinical methodology for evaluating prognostic factors in order to arrive at humane and effective treatments for the cancer-sick patient." (Electric Review, September/October 2006)Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgements. Contributors. PART A. PRINCIPLES OF PROGNOSTIC FACTORS. 1. The Importance of Prognosis in Cancer Medicine (William Mackillop). 2. Principles of Documenting Prognosis and Prognostic Factors in Cancewr (Mary Gospodarowicz, Brian O’Sullivan and Eng-Siew Koh). 3. Studies Investigating Prognostic Factors: Conduct and Evaluation (Douglas Altman). 4. Prognostic Factors in Population Based Cancer Control (Patti Groome). 5. Prognostic Factors in Terminal Cancer (Paul Glare). 6. Incorporating Molecular Oncology into Prognosis (Geoffrey Liu, Wei Zhou, Zhaoxi Wang and Howard McLeod). PART B. PROGNOSTIC FACTORS IN SPECIFIC CANCERS. SECTION 1. HEAD AND NECK TUMORS (BRIAN O’SULLIVAN). 7. Oral Cavity, Pharynx, and Larynx Cancer (Jean Bourhis). 8. Paranasal Sinus Cancer (John Waldron). 9. Nasopharyngeal Cancer (Joseph wee and Eng Huat Tan). 10. Salivary Gland Cancer (Adam Garden). 11. Thyroid Cancer (James Brierley and Sylvia Asa). SECTION 2. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM TUMORS (FREDERICK GREENE AND CHRISTIAN WITTEKIND). 12. Esophagus Cancer (Hubert J. Stein). 13. Gastric Cancer (Burkhand von Rahden). 14. Colorectal Cancer (JHJM van Krieken and Cornelis van de Velde). 15. Anal cancer (Bernard Cummings). 16. Hepatocellular Cancer (Philip Johnson and Daniel Palmer). 17. Extrahepatic Biliary Tract and the Ampulla of Vater Cancers (Christian Wittekind). 18. Pancreas Cancer (John Neoptolemos and Paula Ghaneh). SECTION 3. LUNG AND PLEURAL TUMORS (CHRISTIAN WITTEKIND AND PATTI GROOME). 19. Lung Cancer (Michael Brundage and William Mackillop). 20. Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (Richard Battafarano and N. K. Veeramachaneni). 21. Malignant Thymoma (Andrea Bezjak and David G. Payne). SECTION 4. TUMORS OF BONE AND SOFT TISSUES (BRIAN O’SULLIAN). 22. Osteosarcoma (Henrik C. F. Bauer). 23. Soft Tissue Sarcoma (Charles Catton and Brian O’Sullivan). 24. Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (Jaap Verweij and Stefan Sleijfer). SECTION 5. SKIN TUMORS (LESLIE SOBIN). 25. Skin Cancer (Michael Poulsen). 26. Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma (Peter J. Heenan and Trevor Beer). SECTION 6. BREAST CANCER (FREDERICK GREENE). 27. Breast Cancer (Daniel F. Hayes). SECTION 7. GYNECOLOGIC CANCERS (MARY GOSPODAROWICZ). 28. Vulvar Cancer (Neville Hacker and Donald Marsden). 29. Uterine Cervix Cancer (Jan Hauspy, Ian Harley and Anthony Fyles). 30. Ovarian and Fallopian TubeCancer (Sergio Pecorelli, Brunella Pasinetti, Giancarlo, Lucia Zigliani and Franco E. Odicino). 31. Endometrial Cancer (Michael Milosevi and Fernanda Herrera). 32. Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (Hextan Ngan, Karen K.L. Chan and Kevin F. Tan). SECTION 8. UROLOGICAL TUMORS (MARY GOSPODAROWICZ). 33. Penile Cancer (Simon Horenblas and Juanita Crook). 34. Prostate cancer (Louis Denis and Padraig Warde). 35. Germ Cell Tests Tumors (Hans-Joachim Schmoll and Peter Chung). 36. Renal Cell Cancer (Christophe Ghysel, Steven Joniau and Heindrik Van Poppel). 37. Bladder cancer (Adrian van der Meijden and Richard Sylvester). SECTION 9. OPHTHALMIC TUMORS (LES SOBIN). 38. Uveal Melanoma Tumors (Jerry Shields and Carol Shields). 39. Retinoblastoma (Vikas Khetan, Helen S. L. Chan, Lisa Wang and Brenda L. Gallie). SECTION 10. HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES (MARY GOSPODAROWICZ). 40. Hodgkin Lymphoma (Lena Specht). 41. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (M. Gospodarowicz, M. Crump and E. Zucca). 42. Leukemia (Mark Minden, P. Disperati, F. Suarez-Saiz and H. Khoury). 43. Multiple Myeloma (Jesus San Miguel and Norma C. Guti43. Multiple Myeloma (Jesus San Miguel and Norma C. Gutierrez). SECTION 11. BRAIN TUMORS (BRIAN O’SULLIVAN). 44. Gliomas (Michael Brada, Paul Kleihues, Guiseppe Minniti and Hiroko Ohgaki). SECTION 12. PEDIATRIC TUMORS (FREDERICK GREENE). 45. Pediatric Cancers (Eric Bouffet, David C. Hodgson and Eng-Siew Koh). Epilogue. Glossary. Index.
£99.86
John Wiley and Sons Ltd The Practical Guide to the Genetic Family History
Book SynopsisLike its first edition, The Practical Guide to the Genetic Family History, Second Edition is an invaluable resource outlining the best practices in taking and recording a patient's family medical history, allowing healthcare professionals to be well informed and efficient in diagnosing conditions with potential genetic components.Trade Review"In conclusion, this book is an invaluable resource which will enable clinical geneticists, counsellors, primary care and specialist physicians, as well as nurses, medical social workers, and physician assistants to take full advantage of the information and strategies provided. This will enable them to prepare and establish a family pedigree as a primary tool for making a genetic risk assessment and providing counselling for patients and their families." (Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal, December 2010) Table of ContentsIllustrations and Tables xv Foreword xxi Preface xxiii 1. The Language of the Pedigree 1 1.1 Why Take Time to Record a Genetic Family History 1 1.2 What Do Cranes Have to Do with Anything? 2 1.3 The Pedigree is a Cost-Effective Tool for Genetic Diagnosis and Risk Assessment for Many Diseases 4 1.4 Just Do It© 5 1.5 The Pedigree as a Diagnostic Tool 5 1.6 Using the Pedigree to Decide on Testing Strategies and for Evaluating At-risk Relatives 6 1.7 Using the Pedigree to Establish the Pattern of Inheritance and Calculate Risks 6 1.8 A Pedigree Can Help Distinguish Genetic from Other Risk Factors 6 1.9 A Pedigree Can Document Shared Environment and Shared Genetic Risk Factors 8 1.10 A Pedigree Can Help Identify Medical Screening Needs for Healthy Individuals 8 1.11 Taking a Family History is aWay to Establish Client Rapport and Facilitate Patient Decision Making 8 1.12 A Pedigree Can Be Used for Patient Medical Education 9 1.13 Using a Pedigree to Explore a Patient’s Understanding and to Clarify Misconceptions 11 1.14 Other Family Diagrams: Genograms and Ecomaps 11 1.15 The Continuing Evolution of the Pedigree in the Age of Genomic Medicine 14 1.16 References 16 2. Practical Inheritance 18 2.1 A Tribute(ary) to Mendel 18 2.2 A Brief Genetics Primer 19 2.3 Types of Mutations 22 2.4 Single-Gene Disorders 23 2.5 Multi-Allelic Inheritance 23 2.6 Confounding Factors in Recognizing Patterns of Inheritance 23 2.7 Recognizing Patterns of Inheritance 25 2.8 Nontraditional Inheritance Patterns 36 2.9 Other Factors to Consider 43 2.10 Environmental Factors 44 2.11 Summary 44 2.12 References 45 3. Getting to the Roots: Recording the Family Tree 48 3.1 Creating a Medical Pedigree: Getting Started 48 3.2 Laying the Foundation—Pedigree Line Definitions 51 3.3 Keeping Track of Who is Who on the Pedigree 52 3.4 How Many Generations Are Included in a Pedigree? 53 3.5 The Basic Pedigree Symbols 55 3.6 Yours, Mine, and Ours—The Blended Family 55 3.7 Pedigree Symbols Related to Pregnancy and Reproduction 59 3.8 Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) and Use of Donor Gametes 59 3.9 Adoption 59 3.10 Infertility and No Children by Choice 60 3.11 Affected Status: Shading the Pedigree Symbols 60 3.12 A & W 61 3.13 “He Died of a Broken Heart”—Family Hearsay 61 3.14 Family History Unknown 61 3.15 Documenting Medical Examinations and Evaluations 61 3.16 A Note on Genetic Testing 64 3.17 The Healthy Person with an Abnormal Genetic Test Result: The Difference between a Presymptomatic or Asymptomatic Carrier and an Obligate Carrier 64 3.18 Pedigree Etiquette 65 3.19 Recording a Basic Pedigree: The Questions to Ask 68 3.20 The Closing Questions 77 3.21 The Family Photo Album 77 3.22 What’s Remarkable about an Unremarkable Family History? 79 3.23 Confidentiality and Family History 79 3.24 When is a Genetic Family History Significant? 80 3.25 The Ultimate Pedigree Challenge 80 3.26 Summary 81 3.27 References 81 4. Directed Medical-Genetics Family History Questions: Separating the Trees from the Forest 83 4.1 The Approach: Look for the Rare but Remember the Ordinary 83 4.2 Physical Birth Anomalies and Variants 87 4.3 Deafness/Hearing Loss 99 4.4 Vision Impairment 107 4.5 Intellectual Disability 113 4.6 Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD)/Autism Spectrum Disorder (Autism) 120 4.7 Cerebral Palsy 122 4.8 Neurological and Neuromuscular Disorders 125 4.9 Seizures 127 4.10 Stroke 131 4.11 Dementia 134 4.12 Mental Illness 138 4.13 Disorders Involving the Cardiac System 143 4.14 Chronic Respiratory Disease 146 4.15 Renal Disease 149 4.16 Skeletal Anomalies and Disorders of Short Stature 152 4.17 Diabetes 154 4.18 Multiple Miscarriages, and Male and Female Infertility 158 4.19 Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) 168 4.20 Summary 169 4.21 References 169 5. Using a Pedigree to Recognize Individuals with an Increased Susceptibility to Cancer 177 5.1 Using Medical Family History to Identify Persons At Risk for an Inherited Cancer Syndrome 177 5.2 Information to Record in a Cancer Family History 193 5.3 Cancer Risk Assessment Requires Accurate Information on Cancer Diagnoses 193 5.4 Young Age of Onset is Typical of Inherited Cancer Syndromes 196 5.5 Rare Cancers Can Be a Clue to an Inherited Cancer Syndrome 197 5.6 Sex-limited, Sex-influenced, and Parent of Origin Effects (Parental Imprinting and Uniparental Disomy) 197 5.7 Environmental and Occupational Risk Factors for Cancer 198 5.8 Be Cautious in Assuming a Cancer is Sporadic or a New Mutation if the Cancer is Diagnosed at a Young Age or Is Uncommon 200 5.9 Family Ancestry is Important for Cancer Risk Assessment 206 5.10 Consanguinity and Cancer Risk Assessment 206 5.11 Cancer Worry: The Pedigree as a Psychosocial Tool 208 5.12 Models for Predicting the Risk of Developing Cancer or the Probability of Testing Mutation-Positive for an Inherited Cancer Syndrome 209 5.13 Summary 211 5.14 References 212 6. Medical Verification of Family History, and Resources for Patients to Record Their Genetic Family Histories 220 6.1 Validation of Family Medical Information is a Necessity 220 6.2 How to Approach Family Members 222 6.3 The Privacy of a Person’s Life 222 6.4 Requesting Medical Documentation 223 6.5 Shifts in Medical Terminology 225 6.6 Empowering Your Patients with Tools for Recording Their Own Medical-Family Histories 226 6.7 Software Programs for Recording Family Histories 227 6.8 Resources from the Genealogical Gurus 228 6.9 Summary 228 6.10 References 229 7. The Challenge of Family History and Adoption 230 7.1 The Problem Defined 230 7.2 Evolving Adoption Laws 231 7.3 Obtaining Medical Information from a Closed Adoption 234 7.4 Genetic Testing of Children Being Placed for Adoption 235 7.5 A Model Medical and Genetic Family History form for Adoptions 236 7.6 Summary 236 7.7 References 237 8. Family History and Assisted Reproductive Technologies 239 8.1 Gamete Donation Allows Couples at High Risk for Genetic Disorders to Have Healthy Offspring 239 8.2 Screening Gamete Donors for Inherited Disorders 241 8.3 Intractyoplasmic Sperm Injection and Genetic Disease 243 8.4 Representing Gamete Donation and Surrogacy on a Pedigree 243 8.5 The Forgotten Family History: The Offspring of Donor-Conceived Pregnancies 245 8.6 Summary 245 8.7 References 246 9. Genetic Counseling: Where to Turn, What to Expect, and the Pedigree as a Psychosocial Assessment and Counseling Tool 247 9.1 Genetic Conditions Have Distinguishing Aspects from Other Medical Conditions 247 9.2 The Pedigree as a Tool in Psychosocial Assessment and Counseling 251 9.3 The Process of Genetic Counseling 253 9.4 What to Expect from a Genetics Consultation 253 9.5 Genetic Counselors and Other Genetic Specialists 255 9.6 Locating a Genetics Professional 256 9.7 Summary 256 9.8 References 256 10. Pedigree Predicaments 259 10.1 The Truth 259 10.2 Lessons from History 261 10.3 The Researcher and Family Studies 263 10.4 Pedigrees and Publications 264 10.5 Pedigrees and the Electronic Medical Record 267 10.6 Summary 271 10.7 References 272 Glossary 274 A.1. Handy Reference Tables of Pedigree Nomenclature 287 A.2. Sample Clinical Pedigree Form 290 A.3. Sample Genetic Screening Form for Familial Cancer Risk Assessment 292 A.4. Sample Adoption Medical-Family History Form 295 A.5. The Genetics Library 308 A.6. Genetics in Practice: Five Case Studies 313 A.7. List of Genetic Disorders, Gene Symbols and Names, and Patterns of Inheritance 327 Index 340
£57.56
John Wiley & Sons Inc A Practical Guide to Mechanical Ventilation
Book SynopsisHere is a practical introduction to the equipment, techniques, and protocols of mechanical ventilation. It is a comprehensive reference guide to both invasive and non-invasive procedures, together with detailed guidance on weaning from mechanical ventilation.Trade Review"As a respiratory therapist with two decades of intensive care experience, I found this book to be an excellent read and a worthy resource for physicians as well as a terrific review for respiratory therapists." (Doody's, 23 September 2011) Table of ContentsPart I - Non-invasive Ventilation. 1. NIV introduction. 2. NIV Physiology. 3. NIV Acute Respiratory Dailure COPD. 4. NIV Acute Respiratory Failure CHF. 5. NIV Acute Respiratory Failure other than COPD or CHF. 6. NIV for Chronic Respiratory Failure - COPD. 7. NIV Chronic Repiratory Failure other than COPD. 8. NIVWeaning. Part II - Invasive Mechanical Ventilation. 1. Respiratory Failure. 2. Airway Management Chapters. a. Bag-valve-mask ventilation. b. Endotracheal intubation. c. Cuff leaks. d. The Difficult Airway. e. Emergent Cricothyroidotomy. 3. Ventilator Mechanics. 4.Ventilator Modes. 5. Assessing Lung Physiology. 6.Mechanical Ventilation in Restrictive Lung Disease. 7. Mechanical Ventilation in Obstructive Lung Disease. 8.Ancillary Methods to Mechanical Ventilation. 9.Patient Outcomes post Mechanical Ventilation. Part III - Discontinuation from Mechanical Ventilation. 1. Definitions. 2. Readiness testing and predictors. 3. Physiologic barriers. 4. Ventilatory modes used during weaning. 5. Extubation. 6. Adjuncts to facilitate weaning. 7. Tracheostomy. 8. Putting it all together: protocols and algorithms.
£92.66
John Wiley & Sons Inc Encyclopedia of Nmr 10 Volume Set
Book SynopsisEncyclopedia of NMR - Encompassing all relevant areas for NMR science and technology and applications in physics, chemistry and biology This new 10 volume set captures every aspect of the interdisciplinary nature of magnetic resonance and provides the most complete and up-to-date source in the field.Trade Review“This new 10 volume set captures every aspect of the interdisciplinary nature of magnetic resonance and provides the most complete and up-to-date source in the field. It includes many articles from the print editions of Encyclopedia of Nuclear Magnetic Resonanceand recent EMR Books, as well as new and updated articles published online in the Encyclopedia of Magnetic Resonance.” (Spectroscopynow.com, 28 November 2012)Table of ContentsCrystallography and NMR Aligned Membrane Proteins Metabonomics Molecular Sieves Relaxometry
£3,243.56
John Wiley & Sons Inc Evidence Synthesis for Decision Making in
Book SynopsisIn the evaluation of healthcare, rigorous methods of quantitative assessment are necessary to establish interventions that are beneficial, are superior to all alternatives and are cost-effective. Usually one study will not provide answers to these questions and it will be necessary to synthesize evidence from multiple sources.Table of ContentsPreface xi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 The rise of health economics 1 1.2 Decision making under uncertainty 4 1.2.1 Deterministic models 4 1.2.2 Probabilistic decision modelling 6 1.3 Evidence-based medicine 9 1.4 Bayesian statistics 10 1.5 NICE 11 1.6 Structure of the book 12 1.7 Summary key points 13 1.8 Further reading 13 References 14 2 Bayesian methods and WinBUGS 17 2.1 Introduction to Bayesian methods 17 2.1.1 What is a Bayesian approach? 17 2.1.2 Likelihood 18 2.1.3 Bayes’ theorem and Bayesian updating 19 2.1.4 Prior distributions 22 2.1.5 Summarising the posterior distribution 23 2.1.6 Prediction 24 2.1.7 More realistic and complex models 24 2.1.8 MCMC and Gibbs sampling 25 2.2 Introduction to WinBUGS 26 2.2.1 The BUGS language 26 2.2.2 Graphical representation 31 2.2.3 Running WinBUGS 32 2.2.4 Assessing convergence in WinBUGS 33 2.2.5 Statistical inference in WinBUGS 36 2.2.6 Practical aspects of using WinBUGS 39 2.3 Advantages and disadvantages of a Bayesian approach 39 2.4 Summary key points 40 2.5 Further reading 41 2.6 Exercises 41 References 42 3 Introduction to decision models 43 3.1 Introduction 43 3.2 Decision tree models 44 3.3 Model parameters 45 3.3.1 Effects of interventions 45 3.3.2 Quantities relating to the clinical epidemiology of the clinical condition being treated 50 3.3.3 Utilities 52 3.3.4 Resource use and costs 52 3.4 Deterministic decision tree 52 3.5 Stochastic decision tree 56 3.5.1 Presenting the results of stochastic economic decision models 60 3.6 Sources of evidence 66 3.7 Principles of synthesis for decision models (motivation for the rest of the book) 70 3.8 Summary key points 70 3.9 Further reading 71 3.10 Exercises 71 References 72 4 Meta-analysis using Bayesian methods 76 4.1 Introduction 76 4.2 Fixed Effect model 78 4.3 Random Effects model 81 4.3.1 The predictive distribution 83 4.3.2 Prior specification for τ 84 4.3.3 ‘Exact’ Random Effects model for Odds Ratios based on a Binomial likelihood 84 4.3.4 Shrunken study level estimates 86 4.4 Publication bias 87 4.5 Study validity 88 4.6 Summary key points 88 4.7 Further reading 88 4.8 Exercises 89 References 92 5 Exploring between study heterogeneity 94 5.1 Introduction 94 5.2 Random effects meta-regression models 95 5.2.1 Generic random effect meta-regression model 95 5.2.2 Random effects meta-regression model for Odds Ratio (OR) outcomes using a Binomial likelihood 98 5.2.3 Autocorrelation and centring covariates 100 5.3 Limitations of meta-regression 104 5.4 Baseline risk 105 5.4.1 Model for including baseline risk in a meta-regression on the (log) OR scale 107 5.4.2 Final comments on including baseline risk as a covariate 109 5.5 Summary key points 110 5.6 Further reading 110 5.7 Exercises 110 References 113 6 Model critique and evidence consistency in random effects meta-analysis 115 6.1 Introduction 115 6.2 The Random Effects model revisited 117 6.3 Assessing model fit 121 6.3.1 Deviance 121 6.3.2 Residual deviance 122 6.4 Model comparison 124 6.4.1 Effective number of parameters, pD 125 6.4.2 Deviance Information Criteria 126 6.5 Exploring inconsistency 127 6.5.1 Cross-validation 128 6.5.2 Mixed predictive checks 131 6.6 Summary key points 134 6.7 Further reading 134 6.8 Exercises 134 References 137 7 Evidence synthesis in a decision modelling framework 138 7.1 Introduction 138 7.2 Evaluation of decision models: One-stage vs two-stage approach 139 7.3 Sensitivity analyses (of model inputs and model specifications) 147 7.4 Summary key points 147 7.5 Further reading 147 7.6 Exercises 147 References 149 8 Multi-parameter evidence synthesis 151 8.1 Introduction 151 8.2 Prior and posterior simulation in a probabilistic model: Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) 152 8.3 A model for prenatal HIV testing 155 8.4 Model criticism in multi-parameter models 161 8.5 Evidence-based policy 163 8.6 Summary key points 164 8.7 Further reading 165 8.8 Exercises 166 References 167 9 Mixed and indirect treatment comparisons 169 9.1 Why go beyond ‘direct’ head-to-head trials? 169 9.2 A fixed treatment effects model for MTC 172 9.2.1 Absolute treatment effects 176 9.2.2 Relative treatment efficacy and ranking 176 9.3 Random Effects MTC models 178 9.4 Model choice and consistency of MTC evidence 179 9.4.1 Techniques for presenting and understanding the results of MTC 180 9.5 Multi-arm trials 181 9.6 Assumptions made in mixed treatment comparisons 182 9.7 Embedding an MTC within a cost-effectiveness analysis 183 9.8 Extension to continuous, rate and other outcomes 185 9.9 Summary key points 187 9.10 Further reading 187 9.11 Exercises 189 References 190 10 Markov models 193 10.1 Introduction 193 10.2 Continuous and discrete time Markov models 195 10.3 Decision analysis with Markov models 196 10.3.1 Evaluating Markov models 197 10.4 Estimating transition parameters from a single study 199 10.4.1 Likelihood 202 10.4.2 Priors and posteriors for multinomial probabilities 202 10.5 Propagating uncertainty in Markov parameters into a decision model 206 10.6 Estimating transition parameters from a synthesis of several studies 209 10.6.1 Challenges for meta-analysis of evidence on Markov transition parameters 209 10.6.2 The relationship between probabilities and rates 211 10.6.3 Modelling study effects 213 10.6.4 Synthesis of studies reporting aggregate data 215 10.6.5 Incorporating studies that provide event history data 217 10.6.6 Reporting results from a Random Effects model 219 10.6.7 Incorporating treatment effects 220 10.7 Summary key points 224 10.8 Further reading 224 10.9 Exercises 224 References 225 11 Generalised evidence synthesis 227 11.1 Introduction 227 11.2 Deriving a prior distribution from observational evidence 230 11.3 Bias allowance model for the observational data 233 11.4 Hierarchical models for evidence from different study designs 238 11.5 Discussion 244 11.6 Summary key points 244 11.7 Further reading 245 11.8 Exercises 246 References 248 12 Expected value of information for research prioritisation and study design 251 12.1 Introduction 251 12.2 Expected value of perfect information 256 12.3 Expected value of partial perfect information 259 12.3.1 Computation 261 12.3.2 Notes on EVPPI 264 12.4 Expected value of sample information 264 12.4.1 Computation 265 12.5 Expected net benefit of sampling 266 12.6 Summary key points 267 12.7 Further reading 268 12.8 Exercises 268 References 268 Appendix 1 Abbreviations 270 Appendix 2 Common distributions 272 A2.1 The Normal distribution 272 A2.2 The Binomial distribution 273 A2.3 The Multinomial distribution 273 A2.4 The Uniform distribution 274 A2.5 The Exponential distribution 274 A2.6 The Gamma distribution 275 A2.7 The Beta distribution 276 A2.8 The Dirichlet distribution 277 Index 278
£53.15
John Wiley & Sons Inc Chemistry An Introduction for Medical and Health
Book SynopsisChemistry: An Introduction for Medical and Health Sciences provides students and practitioners with a clear, readable introduction to the chemical terms and concepts that are relevant to their study and practice.Trade Review"an excellent book to refresh long forgotten chemistry related-facts... full of cartoons that will give you a chuckle." (Accident and Emergency Nursing Journal, July 2006) "... well written and organized book... " (Education in Chemistry, January 2007)Table of ContentsPreface ix Introduction 1 How to use the book 1 1 Starting Chemistry 3 1.1 Terminology and processes used in drug manufacture 4 1.2 Atoms and things 9 1.3 Chemical reactions and the periodic table 11 2 Covalent Compounds and Organic Molecules 15 2.1 How to make stable molecules 18 2.2 Covalent compounds 18 2.3 General Properties of Covalent Compounds 22 2.4 Characteristic shapes and bond angles within covalent molecules 23 2.5 Some covalent bonds with slight ionic character 24 2.6 Double-bonded carbon compounds or ‘unsaturated’ carbon bonds 25 2.7 Some further compounds of carbon 27 2.8 The carbon cycle 28 2.9 Isomerism: some different arrangements of atoms within a molecule 29 2.10 Naming organic compounds if you really want to know! 33 2.11 Ring structures 36 2.12 Compounds of carbon containing other groups 37 2.13 Some further examples with explanations 37 3 Organic Compounds Containing Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen: Alcohols and Ethers 43 3.1 Alcohols, Cn H2n +1OH 45 3.2 Properties of alcohols: monohydric alcohols with one OH group 46 3.3 Other alcohols: di- and tri-hydric alcohols 48 3.4 Aromatic OH compounds: phenol 49 3.5 Ethers are isomers of alcohols 50 4 Carbonyl compounds: compounds containing C=O Groups 55 4.1 Simple aldehydes and ketones: carboxylic acids and esters 56 4.2 Carbohydrates, monosaccharides and sugars 58 4.3 Disaccharides 60 4.4 Digestion of sugars 61 4.5 More about sugars – if you really need to know! 62 4.6 Carboxylic acids: another set of CHO compounds containing C=O groups 63 4.7 Salts and esters 63 4.8 Lipids or fats 65 4.9 Chemical energy in cells 67 4.10 Chemicals in food 68 4.11 Soaps and detergents 69 5 Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen 73 5.1 Amines and amino acids 75 5.2 Amino acids 76 5.3 Peptide formation and protein synthesis 77 5.4 Hydrolysis (action of water) of peptides 78 5.5 Other properties of amino acids 79 5.6 Protein metabolism 79 5.7 Nucleic acids, DNA and RNA 80 6 Vitamins, Steroids, Hormones and Enzymes 85 6.1 Vitamins 86 6.2 Steroids and hormones 94 6.3 Enzymes 96 7 Ions, Electrolytes, Metals and Ionic Bonding 103 7.1 Introduction to ionic bonding 105 7.2 Some common properties of ions and ionic bonds 107 7.3 Electrolytes and ions of the body 109 7.4 Major cations (positive ions) in the body: sodium, potassium and calcium ions 110 7.5 Balance between fluids 113 7.6 Essential elements present in small quantities: micronutrients and minerals 114 7.7 Cancer treatments and chemotherapies that use metal compounds 115 8 Water 119 8.1 Introduction What makes water so unique? 121 8.2 Chemical reactions in aqueous solution 123 8.3 Dissolving and solubility: water is a great solvent 124 8.4 Osmosis 126 8.5 Dialysis 127 8.6 Colloids 128 8.7 Water, washing and detergents 129 8.8 Water vapour 130 8.9 Evaporation from skin 131 8.10 Solid water 132 8.11 Hydrolysis 133 9 Acids and Bases 135 9.1 Acids 137 9.2 Bases and alkali 140 9.3 Bases containing nitrogen 141 9.4 Amino acids and zwitterions 142 9.5 Salts 142 9.6 Neutralization 143 9.7 Buffer solutions 143 9.8 Buffers in the body 144 9.9 Digestion and acid attack 145 9.10 Acids in the environment 146 10 Oxidation and Reduction 149 10.1 Definitions of oxidation and reduction 150 10.2 Burning and oxidation 153 10.3 Some applications of redox reactions to metabolic processes 153 10.4 Nitric oxide, NO or N(II)O 154 10.5 Oxygen gas 156 11 Analytical Techniques 159 11.1 The need for analysis 160 11.2 Mass spectroscopy 162 11.3 Chromatography 165 11.4 Spectroscopy of various types 168 11.5 Electron microscopes and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 170 11.6 Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 173 11.7 General conclusions 174 12 Radioactivity 177 12.1 Introduction to the effects of radiation 178 12.2 Isotopes and radioactivity 179 12.3 Splitting the nuclei of atoms 181 12.4 Properties of alpha, beta and gamma radiation 182 12.5 Half-life 185 12.6 Radiation everywhere 186 12.7 Conclusion 188 13 Rates of Reaction 191 13.1 Effect of temperature on reactions and metabolism 193 13.2 Why does a chemical reaction slow down on cooling? 194 13.3 Free radicals 197 13.4 Effect of concentration on chemical reactions 197 13.5 Catalysts and enzymes 198 13.6 How catalysts and enzymes work 199 13.7 Application of chemical reactions to drug use 201 14 Overview of Chemicals Fighting Diseases 205 14.1 Drugs ancient and modern 205 14.2 Cancer treatments 210 14.3 Pain killers 213 14.4 Stopping attack by ‘aliens’ on our bodies: viruses and bacteria 214 14.5 AIDS and HIV 215 14.6 Gene therapy 217 14.7 Some changes of use of existing drugs 217 15 Numbers and Quantities 221 15.1 Standard notation, powers of 10 223 15.2 Moles 223 15.3 Powers of numbers and logs 224 15.4 Moles in formulae and equations 228 15.5 Moles in solution 229 15.6 Concentration in ppm, parts per million 230 15.7 Dilutions 230 15.8 Percentage by mass 231 Appendix 1: Alphabetical List of the Common Elements 235 Appendix 2: Periodic Classification of the Common Elements 237 Glossary 239 Bibliography 253 Index 257
£55.05
John Wiley & Sons Inc Enzyme Inhibition in Drug Discovery and
Book SynopsisThe science and applied approaches of enzyme inhibition in drug discovery and development Offering a unique approach that includes both the pharmacologic and pharmaco-kinetic aspects of enzyme inhibition, Enzyme Inhibition in Drug Discovery and Development examines the scientific concepts and experimental approaches related to enzyme inhibition as applied in drug discovery and drug development. With chapters written by over fifty leading experts in their fields, Enzyme Inhibition in Drug Discovery and Development fosters a cross-fertilization of pharmacology, drug metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology by understanding the good inhibitionsdesirable pharmacological effectsand bad inhibitionsdrugdrug interactions and toxicity. The book discusses: The drug discovery process, including drug discovery strategy, medicinal chemistry, analytical chemistry, drug metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and safety biomarker assessment The maTrade Review"The description of each topic is clear, well organized and informative, making the book a useful or even essential high-level handbook." (ChemMedChem, November 2010) Table of ContentsPREFACE. CONTRIBUTORS. PART I. DRUG DISCOVERY APPROACHES AND TECHNOLOGIES. 1. The Drug Discovery Process (Gerald T. Miwa). 2. Medicinal Chemistry of the Optimization of Enzyme Inhibitors (Geraldine Harriman, Amy Elder, and Indranath Ghosh). 3. Bioanalytical Technologies in Drug Discovery (Jing-Tao Wu). 4. Safety Biomarkers in Drug Development: Emerging Trends and Implications (Eric R. Fedyk). 5. The Role of Drug Metabolism in Drug Discovery (Tonika Bohnert and Liang-Shang Gan). 6. Applied Pharmacokinetics in Drug Discovery and Development (Hua Yang, Xingrong Liu, Anjaneya Chimalakonda, Zheng Lu, Cuiping Chen, Frank Lee, and Wen Chyi Shyu). PART II. INHIBITION OF THE DRUG METABOLIZING ENZYMES—THE UNDESIRABLE INHIBITION. 7. Enzyme Inhibition and Inactivation: Cytochrome P450 Enzymes (R. Scott Obach). 8. Cytochrome P450 Induction (Edward L. LeCluyse, Michael W. Sinz, Nicola Hewitt, Stephen S. Ferguson, and Jasminder Sahi). 9. Inhibition of Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes in Gastrointestinal Tract and Its Influence on the Drug–Drug Interaction Prediction (Aleksandra Galetin and J. Brian Houston). 10. Enzyme Inhibition in Various In Vitro Systems (Ping Zhou). 11. Cytochrome P450 Degradation and Its Clinical Relevance (Mingxiang Liao, Ping Kang, Bernard P. Murray, and Maria Almira Correia). 12. Complexities of Working with UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs): Focus on Enzyme Inhibition (Michael B. Fisher). 13. Evaluation of Inhibitors of Drug Metabolism in Human Hepatocytes (Albert P. Li and Chuang Lu). 14. Grapefruit Juice and Its Constituents as New Esterase Inhibitors (Suresh K. Balani). 15. Transporter–Xenobiotic Interactions: An Important Aspect of Drug Development Studies (Gang Luo, Richard Ridgewell, and Thomas Guenthner). 16. Polymorphisms of Drug Transporters and Their Clinical Implications (Cindy Q. Xia and Johnny J. Yang). 17. Clinical Drug Interactions Due to Metabolic Inhibition: Prediction, Assessment, and Interpretation (Lisa L. von Moltke and David J. Greenblatt). 18. Predicting Interindividual Variability of Metabolic Drug–Drug Interactions: Identifying the Causes and Accounting for Them Using Systems Approach (Amin Rostami-Hodjegan). PART III. INHIBITION OF THE DRUG TARGET ENZYMES—THE DESIRABLE INHIBITION. 19. NF-κB: Mechanism, Tumor Biology, and Inhibitors (Lenny Dang). 20. G-Protein-Coupled Receptors as Drug Targets (Wenyan Miao and Lijun Wu). 21. Pharmacological Modulation of Ion Channels for the Treatment of Chronic Pain (Yi Liu and Ning Qin). 22. Targeting the mTOR Pathway for Tumor Therapeutics (Wei Chen). 23. HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors as Antiretroviral Agents (Sergei V. Gulnik, Elena Afonina, and Michael Eissenstat). INDEX.
£175.46
John Wiley & Sons Inc Guidebook for Drug Regulatory Submissions
Book SynopsisThe high-stakes process of submitting drug documents and applications for regulatory review can be intimidating, particularly for the inexperienced regulatory professional charged with preparing a major regulatory submission.Trade Review“The Guidebook for Drug Regulatory Submissions offers a readable and clearly written road map for effective submission of documents for required regulatory reviews during drug development.” (Pharmaceutical Outsourcing, April 2009)Table of ContentsPreface ix Chapter 1 Ten Rules for Drug Regulatory Submissions 1 Chapter 2 FDA Meeting Requests 44 Chapter 3 Orphan-Drug Applications 64 Chapter 4 Investigational New Drug Applications (INDs) 82 Chapter 5 New Drug Applications (NDAs) 120 Chapter 6 505(b)2 New Drug Applications (NDAs) 183 Chapter 7 Abbreviated New Drug Applications (ANDAs) 255 Chapter 8 Annual Reports 288 Chapter 9 International Regulatory Submissions 315Carl A. Rockburne Chapter 10 Future Issues in Regulatory Submissions 355 Index 367
£99.86
Wiley Microdialysis
Book SynopsisApplications of Microdialysis in Pharmaceutical Science focuses on the use of microdialysis in drug evaluation for different organs and tissues and pharmacokinetics.Trade Review"This book will serve as a valuable reference for pharmaceutical researchers and it will be a logical companion to the Handbook of Behavioral Neuroscience series volume." (Doody's, 9 March 2012)Table of ContentsContributors xi 1. Introduction to Applications of Microdialysis in Pharmaceutical Science 1 Tung-Hu Tsai 2. Microdialysis in Drug Discovery 7 Christian Höcht 1. Introduction 7 2. Phases of Drug Development 8 3. Role of Biomarkers in Drug Development 11 4. Role of Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Modeling in Drug Development 12 5. Role of Microdialysis in Drug Development 15 6. Microdialysis Sampling in the Drug Development of Specific Therapeutic Groups 20 7. Regulatory Aspects of Microdialysis Sampling in Drug Development 29 8. Conclusions 30 3. Analytical Considerations for Microdialysis Sampling 39 Pradyot Nandi, Courtney D. Kuhnline, and Susan M. Lunte 1. Introduction 39 2. Analytical Methodologies 49 3. Conclusions 75 4. Monitoring Dopamine in the Mesocorticolimbic and Nigrostriatal Systems by Microdialysis: Relevance for Mood Disorders and Parkinson’s Disease 93 Giuseppe Di Giovanni, Massimo Peirucci, and Vincenzo Di Matteo 1. Introduction 93 2. Pathophysiology of Serotonin-Dopamine Interaction: Implication for Mood Disorders 94 3. Dopamine Depletion in the Nigrostratal System: Parkinson’s Disease 109 4. Conclusions 120 5. Monitoring Neutrotransmitter Amino Acids by Microdialysis: Pharmacodynamic Applications 151 Sandrine Parrot, Bernard Renaud, Luc Zimmer, and Luc Denoroy 1. Introduction 151 2. Monitoring Neurotransmitter Amino Acids by Microdialysis 152 3. Basic Research on Receptors 162 4. Psychostimulants and Addictive Drugs 168 5. Analgesia 177 6. Ischemia-Anoxia 182 7. Conclusions and Perspectives 188 6. Microdialysis as a Tool to Unravel Neurobiological Mechanisms of Seizures and Antiepileptic Drug Action 207 Ilse Smolders, Ralph Clickers, and Yvette Michotte 1. Introduction 207 2. Microdialysis to Characterize Seizure-Related Neurobiological and Metabolic Changes in Animal Models and in Humans 209 3. Microdialysis as a Chemoconvulsant Delivery Tool in Animal Seizure Models 217 4. Microdialysis Used to Elucidate Mechanisms of Electrical Brain Stimulation and Neuronal Circuits Involved in Seizures 218 5. Microdialysis Used to Unravel the Mechanisms of Action of Established Antiepileptic Drugs and New Therapeutic Strategies 219 6. Microdialysis Studies in the Search for Mechanisms of Adverse Effects of Clinically Used Drugs, Drugs of Abuse, and Toxins 224 7. Combining Microdialysis with Other Complementary Neurotechniques to Unravel Mechanisms of Seizures and Epilepsy 226 8. The Advantage of Microdialysis Used to Sample Biophase Antiepileptic Drug Levels and to Monitor Neurotransmitters as Markers for Anticonvulsant Activity 228 9. Microdialysis Used to Study Relationships Between Epilepsy and Its Comorbidities 236 7. Microdialysis in Lung Tissue: Monitoring of Exogenous and Endogenous Compounds 255 Thomas Feurstein and Markus Zeitlinger 1. Introduction 255 2. Special Aspects Associated with Lung Microdialysis Compared to Microdialysis in Other Tissues 252 3. Insertion of Microdialysis Probes into Lung Tissue 256 4. Insertion of Microdialysis Probes into the Bronchial System 257 5. Types of Probes 258 6. Endogenous Compounds 258 7. Exogenous Drugs 259 8. Animal Data 260 9. Clinical Data 262 10. Comparison of Pharmacokinetic Data in Lung Obtained by Microdialysis and Other Techniques 264 11. Predictability of Lung Concentrations by Measurements on Other Tissues 265 8. Microdialysis in the Hepatobility System: Monitoring Drug Metabolism, Hepatebiliary Excretion, and Enterohepatic Circulation 275 Yu-Tse Wu and Tung-Hu Tsia 1. Introduction 275 2. Experimental Considerations of Pharmacokinetic Studies 279 3. Pharmacokinetic and Hepatobiliary Excretion Studies Emproving Microdialysis 284 4. Conclusions 287 9. Microdialysis Used to Measure the Metabolism of Glucose, Lactate, and Glycerol 295 Greg Nowak 1.Introduction 295 2. Glucose 299 3. Lactate 301 4. Lactate/Pyruvate Ratio 303 5. Glycerol 303 10. Clinical Microdialysis in Skin and Soft Tissues 313 Martina Sahre, Runa Naik, and Hartmut Derendorf 1. Introduction 313 2. Tissue Bioavailability 314 3. PK-PD Indices 323 4. Topical Bioequivalence 329 5. Endogenous Compounds 330 6. Conclusion 331 11. Microdialysis on Adipose Tissue: Monitoring Tissue Metabolism and Blood Flow in Humans 335 Gijs H. Goossens, Wim H. Saris, and Ellen E. Black 1. Introduction 335 2. Principles and Practical Considerations in the Use of Microdialysis on Adipose Tissue 336 3. Use of Microdialysis on Adipose Tissue in Humans 342 4. Summary and Conclusions 353 12. Microdialysis as a Monitoring System for Human Diabetes 359 Anna Ciechanowska, Jan M. Wojcick, Iwuna Maruniak-Chudek,Piotr Ladyzynski, and Janusz Kraybien 1. Introduction 359 2. Monitoring Acute Complications of Diabetes 362 13. Microdialysis Use in Tumors Drug Disposition and Tumor Response 403 Quigyu Zhou and James M. Gallo 1. Introduction 403 2. Microdialysis as a Sampling Technique in Oncology 404 3. Experimental Considerations 408 4. Examples of the Use of Microdualysis to Characterize Drug Disposition in Tumor 414 5. Use of Microdialysis in the Evaluation of Tumor Response to Therapy 423 6. Conclusions and Future Perspectives 423 14. Microdialysis Versus Imaging Techniques for In Vivo Drug Distribution Measurements 431 Martin Brunner 1. Introduction 431 2. Microdialysis 432 3. Imaging Techniques 434 4. Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 434 5. Positron-Emission Tomography 435 6. Combination of Microdialysis and Imaging Techniques 436 7. Summary and Conclusions 438 15. In Vitro Applications of Microdialysis 445 Wen-Chuan Lee and Tung-Hu Tsai 1. Introduction 445 2. Microdialysis Used in Culture Systems 446 3. Microdialysis Used in Enzyme Kinetics 453 4. Microdialysis Used in Protein Binding 455 5. Conclusions 456 16. Microdialysis in Drug-Drug Interaction 465 Mitsuhito Wada, Rie Ikeda, and Kenichiro Nakashima 1. Introduction 465 2. Pharmacokinetic Drug-Drug Interaction 472 3. Pharmacodynamic Drug-Drug Interaction 487 4. Conclusions 501 17. Microdialysis in Environmental Monitoring 509 Manuel Miró and Wolfgang Frenzel 1. Introduction 509 2. In Vivo and In Situ Sampling: Similarities and Differences 510 3. Critical Parameters Influencing Relative Recoveries 513 4. Detection Techniques 516 5. Calibration Methods 519 6. Environmental Applications of Microdialysis 520 7. Conclusions and Future Trends 524 Index 531
£134.06
John Wiley & Sons Inc Pediatric NonClinical Drug Testing
Book SynopsisThis book explains the importance and practice of pediatric drug testing for pharmaceutical and toxicology professionals.Trade Review“Overall, this is a very useful book in bringing together many of the aspects associated with JA toxicology testing of pharmaceuticals for the first time, especially for those new to this growing field, with the chapters on study design considerations being especially useful.” (British Toxicology Society New, 1 November 2012) “The book is an essential reference for international regulatory personnel, toxicologists, pharmacokineticists, scientists working in the pharmaceutical industry, academics and physicians and pharmacists concerned about the safe use of medicines in children.” (Pharmaceutical Journal, 11 September 2012) “No other single resource combines pediatric drug development considerations with the most recent regulatory requirements and the approach to selecting and testing in nonclinical models. This is a unique and comprehensive reference that will inform and guide readers through the challenges and approaches to the safe and effective use of medications in children.” (Doody’s, 17 August 2012) Table of ContentsPreface ix Acknowledgments xi Contributors xiii 1. Introduction 1 Elise M. Lewis, Luc M. De Schaepdrijver, and Timothy P. Coogan 2. Overview of Pediatric Diseases and Clinical Considerations on Developing Medicines for Children 29 Bert Suys and Jose Ramet 3. Nonclinical Safety Assessment for Biopharmaceuticals: Challenges and Strategies for Juvenile Animal Testing 41 Timothy P. Coogan 4. FDA Approach to Pediatric Testing 59 Robert E. Osterberg 5. Pediatric Drug Development Plans 79 Kimberly C. Brannen and Beatriz Silva Lima 6. Application of Principles of Nonclinical Pediatric Drug Testing to the Hazard Evaluation of Environmental Contaminants 93 Susan L. Makris 7. Nonclinical Testing Procedures—Pharmacokinetics 115 Loeckie L. de Zwart, Johan G. Monbaliu, and Pieter P. Annaert 8. Preclinical Development of a Pharmaceutical Product for Children 129 Graham P. Bailey, Timothy P. Coogan, and Luc M. De Schaepdrijver 9. Juvenile Toxicity Study Design for the Rodent and Rabbit 141 Alan M. Hoberman and John F. Barnett 10. Dog Juvenile Toxicity 183 Keith Robinson, Susan Y. Smith, and Andre Viau 11. Use of the Swine Pediatric Model 213 Paul C. Barrow 12. Juvenile Immunodevelopment in Minipigs 231 Andr´e H. Penninks, Geertje J.D. van Mierlo, Frieke Kuper, Cor J. Snel, Niels-Christian Ganderup, and Andr´e P.M. Wolterbeek 13. Use of Primate Pediatric Model 255 Gerhard F. Weinbauer, Gary J. Chellman, Allan Dahl Rasmussen and Elvira Vogelwedde 14. Approaches to Rat Juvenile Toxicity Studies and Case Studies: a Pharmaceutical Perspective 281 Susan B. Laffan and Lorraine Posobiec Appendix 1 Maturation of Organ Systems in Various Species 301 Appendix 2 Sample Juvenile Toxicity Testing Protocol 303 Index 331
£95.36
Wiley Sources of Contamination in Medicinal Products
Book SynopsisThe first one-volume guide to sources of contamination in pharmaceuticals and medical devices Most books dealing with contaminants in medicinal products often focus on analytical methods for detecting nonspecific impurities. Key to the work of the pharmaceutical chemist, this unique reference helps identify the sources of contamination in medicinal and pharmaceutical products and medical devices. Divided into three parts, Sources of Contamination in Medicinal Products and Medical Devices covers chemical, microbiological, and physical (particulate matter) contamination, including those originating from sterilization procedures. As compelling as a medical documentary, the book sheds light on how impurities and contaminants can enter the human body transported via a specific product or treatment. Focusing on only those medicinal products and medical devices that may lead to exposure to contaminants harmful to human health, the book offers a comprehensive, syTable of ContentsPreface xv Acknowledgments xix 1 Introduction 1 Reference 6 2 Directives for Contamination Control 7 Part I Chemical Contamination 17 3 Raw Materials 19 3.1 Water 19 3.2 Inorganic Impurities 27 3.3 Organic Impurities 32 3.3.1 By-products 32 3.3.2 Genotoxic Impurities (GTIs) 35 3.3.3 Degradation Products 39 3.4 Additives 52 3.5 Residual Solvents 58 Concluding Remarks 63 References 65 4 Medicinal Gases and Volatile Anesthetics 70 4.1 Medicinal Gases 70 4.2 Volatile Anesthetics 80 Concluding Remarks 93 References 94 5 Diagnostic Imaging Agents 96 5.1 Radiopharmaceuticals 98 5.1.1 Technetium-Based Products 100 5.1.1.1 Production of Mo-99 100 5.1.1.2 Generation of Tc-99m 103 5.1.1.3 Labeling Procedures 107 5.1.2 Iodine-Based Products 113 5.1.3 Fluorine-Based Products 125 5.1.3.1 [18F]FDG Production and Labeling 127 5.1.3.2 Species Formed during [18O]H2O Irradiation 128 5.1.3.3 Residual Solvents and Components Used in the Labeling 137 5.1.3.4 Radiolysis Products Generated by Elevated Activity of the Labeled Compound 140 5.2 Contrast Agents 143 5.2.1 Gadolinium-Based Products 143 5.2.2 Iodine-Based Products 158 5.2.3 Barium Sulfate 172 Concluding Remarks 176 References 177 6 Containers 185 6.1 Glass Containers 185 6.2 Plastic Containers 199 6.2.1 Polymer Formation 199 6.2.2 PVC Containers 203 6.2.3 Other Plastic Containers 215 6.3 Metal Containers 220 Concluding Remarks 223 References 223 7 Closures 228 Concluding Remarks 256 References 256 8 Delivery Systems and Filters 259 8.1 Delivery Systems Made of PVC 260 8.2 Delivery Systems Made of Other Plastic Materials 275 8.3 Filters 282 Concluding Remarks 287 References 287 9 Medical Devices 290 9.1 General Use Devices 293 9.1.1 Medical Gloves 294 9.1.2 Syringes 294 9.2 Extracorporeal Circuits 300 9.3 Devices for Administration of Aerosolized Drugs 307 9.4 Reprocessed Medical Devices 308 9.5 Tissue Substitutes 309 9.5.1 Skin Substitutes and Surgical Dressings 310 9.5.2 Hard Tissue Substitutes 310 9.5.3 Soft Tissue Substitutes 311 Concluding Remarks 313 References 313 Part II Physical Contamination 317 10 Particulate Matter 319 Concluding Remarks 345 References 345 Part III Microbiological Contamination 349 11 Microbiological and Endotoxin Contamination 351 11.1 Water 355 11.2 Raw Materials 361 11.3 Sterile Products 367 11.3.1 Single- and Multiple-Dose Products 368 11.3.2 Parenteral Nutrition (PN) 371 11.3.3 Propofol 378 11.3.4 Ophthalmic Products 384 11.4 Medicinal Gases 393 11.5 Medical Devices 394 11.5.1 Syringes 395 11.5.2 Endoscopes 398 11.5.3 Other Devices 401 11.6 Biofilms 406 11.7 Dialysis Circuits 407 11.8 Nosocomial Infections 413 Concluding Remarks 420 References 422 Part IV Miscellaneous 433 12 Contamination from Sterilization Procedures 435 12.1 Residuals from Radiation Sterilization 437 12.1.1 Radiolysis of Water 438 12.1.2 Effect of Ionizing Radiation on Drug Products 439 12.1.3 Polymers in Drug Delivery 440 12.1.3.1 Polylactide (PLA) and Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) 443 12.1.3.2 Collagen 448 12.1.3.3 Cellulose and Other Polysaccharides 448 12.1.3.4 Alginate 450 12.1.4 Radiolysis of Selected Nondrug Components 450 12.1.4.1 Residual Solvents 450 12.1.4.2 Monosaccharides 451 12.1.4.3 Starch 451 12.1.5 Effect of Ionizing Radiation on Materials Used in Packaging and in Medical Devices 454 12.1.5.1 Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) 456 12.1.5.2 Polyurethane (PU) 458 12.1.5.3 Silicone 464 12.1.5.4 Polyamide (PA) 464 12.1.5.5 Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) 466 12.1.5.6 Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) 468 12.1.5.7 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) 468 12.1.5.8 Polyethylene (PE) 470 12.1.5.9 Polypropylene (PP) 473 12.1.5.10 Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) 478 12.1.5.11 Polystyrene (PS) 478 12.1.5.12 Polysulfone (PSf) 478 12.1.5.13 Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) 480 12.1.5.14 Multilayer Materials 482 12.2 Heat Sterilization 483 12.3 Residuals from Chemical Disinfection and Sterilization Agents 486 12.3.1 Ethylene Oxide (EtO) 487 12.3.2 Peracetic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide 494 12.3.3 Formaldehyde 497 Concluding Remarks 503 References 504 13 Biotechnological Products 512 13.1 DNA and HCP Residuals 516 13.2 Viruses and Mycoplasma 516 13.3 Endotoxin 518 13.4 Protein Degradation 522 13.5 Protein Aggregation 524 Concluding Remarks 530 References 530 Appendix Polymeric Materials: Components, Additives, Extractables, and Degradation Products 533 References 553 Index 555
£128.66
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Soft Tissue Tumors
Book SynopsisSoft tissue tumors (STTs) are frequently misdiagnosed in inexperienced hands. Having diagnosed and treated hundreds of patients with these difficult tumors in the last few years, Institut Curie physicians have collected core data contributing to breakthrough research into the morphological, biological, and molecular aspects of soft tissue tumors, resulting in valuable translational and clinical applications to patient treatment. Soft Tissue Tumors: A Multidisciplinary, Decisional Diagnostic Approach presents a distillation of these experiences, combined with valuable data and perspectives contributed by senior pathologists, oncologists, and radiologists from several of the world's other leading cancer centers of excellence.Trade Review Table of ContentsForeword (Alain Verhest). Preface. Acknowledgments. Contributors. 1 Clinical approach in soft tissue tumors (Francois Goldwasser). 1.1 Epidemiology. 1.2 Clinics and clinical profiles. 1.3 Clinical differential diagnosis. 1.4 The importance of molecular diagnosis and its perspectives. 1.5 Treatment strategies. 2 Radiological diagnostic approach in soft tissue tumors (Hervé Brisse). 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Patient management. 2.3 Imaging techniques. 2.4 Radiologic characterization. 2.5 Tumor biopsy. 3 Sampling procedure, fine needle aspiration (FNA), and core needle biopsy (CNB) (Henryk A. Domański). 3.1 Advantages and limitations of FNA and CNB in soft tissue lesions. 3.2 Techniques of FNA and CNB as applied to soft tissue lesions. 3.3 Processing the FNA and CNB samples and preparation of the FNA specimen for ancillary techniques. 3.4 Challenges in the FNA and CNB of soft tissue. 3.5 Complications of FNA and CNB of soft tissue. 4 Ancillary techniques. 4.1 Immunocytochemistry (Carlos Bedrossian). 4.2 Immunohistochemistry (Réal Lagacé). 4.3 Genetic Techniques (Jérôme Couturier). 4.4 Grading of soft tissue tumors (Réal Lagacé). 4.5 Future investigations of ancillary techniques (Stamatios Theocharis). 5 Principal aspects in fine needle aspiration and core needle biopsies (Jerzy Klijanienko and Réal Lagacé). 5.1 Normal tissue. 5.2 Cytologic classification of soft tissue tumors based on the principal patterns. 5.3 Diagnostic accuracy of FNA in soft tissue tumors. 5.4 Smear composition and the differential diagnosis of soft tissue tumors. 6 Particular aspects (Jerzy Klijanienko and Réal Lagacé). 6.1 Low-grade spindle cell tumors. 6.1.1 Fibromatoses and Desmoids. 6.1.2 Nodular Fasciitis. 6.1.3 Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans. 6.1.4 Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma (Cellular and Atypical Variants). 6.1.5 Solitary Fibrous Tumor. 6.2 Tumors with fibrillary stroma. 6.2.1 Benign Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors (Schwannoma, Ancient Schwannoma and Neurofibroma). 6.2.2 Low-Grade Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor. 6.3 Malignant spindle cell tumors. 6.3.1 Leiomyosarcoma. 6.3.2 Synovial Sarcoma. 6.3.3 Fibrosarcoma. 6.3.4 Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma Storiform Pattern. 6.3.5 Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor. 6.3.6 Spindle Cell Angiosarcoma. 6.3.7 Kaposi Sarcoma. 6.4 Myxoid tumors. 6.4.1 Myxoid Liposarcoma (With or Without Round or Spindle Cells). 6.4.2 Myxofibrosarcoma. 6.4.3 Myxoid Leiomyosarcoma. 6.4.4 Myxoma and Cellular Myxoma. 6.4.5 Chordoma. 6.4.6 Extraskeletal Myxoid Chondrosarcoma. 6.5 Atypical lipomatous tumors. 6.5.1 Well-Differentiated liposarcoma / Atypical Lipoma. 6.5.2 Spindle Cell and Pleomorphic Lipoma. 6.6 Epithelioid tumors. 6.6.1 Epithelioid Sarcoma. 6.6.2 Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST)/Epithelioid Leiomyosarcoma. 6.6.3 Epithelioid Angiosarcoma. 6.6.4 Granular Cell Tumor. 6.6.5 Rhabdoid Tumor. 6.6.6 Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma. 6.6.7 Clear Cell Sarcoma. 6.6.8 Malignant Melanoma and Metastases. 6.7 Pleomorphic sarcomas. 6.7.1 Pleomorphic Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma. 6.7.2 Pleomorphic Liposarcoma. 6.7.3 Pleomorphic Leiomyosarcoma and Rhabdomyosarcoma. 6.7.4 Extraskeletal Osteosarcoma. 6.7.5 Pleomorphic Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor. 6.8 Round cell sarcomas. 6.8.1 Embryonnal and Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma. 6.8.2 Ewing Sarcoma/Peripheral Neuroectodermal Tumor. 6.8.3 Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor. 6.8.4 Extraskeletal Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma. 6.8.5 Poorly Differentiated Synovial Sarcoma. Index.
£142.16
John Wiley & Sons Inc Rational Diagnosis and Treatment
Book SynopsisNow in its fourth edition, Rational Diagnosis and Treatment: Evidence-Based Clinical Decision-Making is a unique book to look at evidence-based medicine and the difficulty of applying evidence from group studies to individual patients. The book analyses the successive stages of the decision process and deals with topics such as the examination of the patient,the reliability of clinical data, the logic of diagnosis, the fallacies of uncontrolled therapeutic experience and the need for randomised clinical trials and meta-analyses. It is the main theme of the book that, whenever possible, clinical decisions must be based on the evidence from clinical research, but the authors also explain the pitfalls of such research and the problems involved in applying evidence from groups of patients to the individual patient. For this new edition, the sections on placebo and meta-analysis and on alternative medicine have been thoroughly updated, and there is more focus Trade Review"An extremely interesting and intellectually stimulating book … .I would recommend this book, particularly to medical students and junior doctors." (Evidence Based Medicine, December 2008)Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction. 1 The Foundation of Clinical Decisions. The clinical decision process. Clinical data. Scales of measurement. Taking the history. The physical examination. Paraclinical findings. Global assessments. 2 Reliability and relevance of clinical data. Clinical data on an interval scale. Clinical data on an ordinal scale. Clinical data on a binary scale. Descriptive paraclinical findings. Descriptive physical signs. The statistical concept of normality. The concept of disease. Interpretation and relevance. Indicators. 3 The disease classification. The historical perspective. The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The theoretical perspective. The mechanical model of disease. Molecular biology. Disease and the environment. The practical perspective. Name of disease. Definition. Causes of disease (aetiology and pathogenesis). The clinical picture. Diagnosis and treatment. 4 Diagnosis. The diagnostic universe. Diagnosis of diseases with an accessible defining criterion. The direct method for assessing the accuracy of test results. The indirect method for assessing the accuracy of test results. Terminological confusion. Quantitative data. Diagnosis of diseases with a concealed defining criterion. Syndrome diagnosis. Three patients. Diagnosis in practice. Frequential and subjective probabilities. Diagnostic strategy. 5 Uncontrolled experience. Uncontrolled experience in a pre-scientific era. The numerical method. The era of laboratory research. The spontaneous course of the disease. Regression towards the mean. Run of luck. Bias. The placebo effect. The need for controlled experience. Alternative medicine: pseudoscientific thinking. 6 The randomized clinical trial. Selection of patients. Randomization. Choice of treatment in the control group. Principles of blinding. Cross-over trials. Measures of benefits and harms. Stopping rules. Assessment of the results. Statistical analysis. Hypothesis testing. Estimation. Other statistical measures of effect. Subgroup analyses. Systematic reviews. From trials to practice. Evidence-based medicine and commercial pressures. 7 Medicine and the humanities. The four components of clinical reasoning. The empathic-hermeneutic component. The ethical component. Three kinds of norms. The foundation of health care ethics. The structure of ethical reasoning. Assessment of the facts of the case. Consequential considerations. Deontological considerations. The ethical decision. Quality of life. Autonomy and paternalism. Clinical examples. Clinical research ethics. 8 Critical reading of medical journals. Logical analysis of medical papers. Assets and limitations of cohort studies. Assets and limitations of case-control studies. Other designs. Descriptive statistics. Estimation. Testing Hypotheses. Psuedohypothetico-deductive logic. Wrong sampling unit. Sample size calculations. Interpretation of P-values. Statistical tests. Examples. Correlation analysis. Life table analysis. References. Index.
£73.76
John Wiley & Sons Inc Pregnancy and Childbirth
Book SynopsisPregnancy and Childbirth presents the best evidence for the care of pregnant women to doctors, midwives, students and parents. The logical sequence of chapters and the index give quick access to the abstracts of over four hundred Cochrane systematic reviews.Trade Review"Pregnancy and Childbirth presents the best evidence for the care of pregnant women to doctors, midwives, students and parents." (Doody's Reviews)Table of ContentsForeword. Preface. How to use this book. What is evidence? The Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group. Scope of this book. Methods for the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth. Group reviews. Abridgement of the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth abstracts in this book. Systematic review protocols. Effectiveness icons. How to locate the original review. A brief guide to the format of results in Cochrane reviews. Acknowledgements. Authors. Chapter 1. The Context of Care for Pregnant Women. Chapter 2. Antenatal Care. 2.1 Pre-pregnancy evaluation. 2.2 General antenatal care. 2.3 Behaviour/advice during pregnancy. 2.4 Nutrition during pregnancy. 2.5 Weight gain in pregnancy. 2.6 Symptoms during pregnancy. 2.7 Use of medicines during pregnancy. 2.8 Miscarriage. Chapter 3. Medical Problems During Pregnancy. 3.1 Hypertension during pregnancy. 3.2 Anaemia during pregnancy. 3.3 Diabetes mellitus. 3.4 Thrombocytopenia. 3.5 Inherited coagulation defects. 3.6 Thrombophilias. 3.7 Haemoglobinopathies. 3.8 Thromboembolic disease. 3.9 Myasthenia Gravis. 3.10 Cardiac disease. 3.11 Renal disease. 3.12 Epilepsy. 3.13 Human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV). 3.14 Other viral infections. 3.15 Malaria. 3.16 Other infections. 3.17 Respiratory illness. 3.18 Liver disease. 3.19 Thyroid disease. 3.20 Haemorrhoids. 3.21 Psychiatric disorders. 3.22 Skin diseases. Chapter 4. Disorders Affecting the Unborn Baby. 4.1 Routine assessment of the baby during pregnancy. 4.2 Prenatal diagnosis. 4.3 Impaired growth and wellbeing of the unborn baby. 4.4 Blood group incompatibilities – prevention and treatment. 4.5 Death of the unborn baby. Chapter 5. Pregnancy Complications. 5.1 Prelabour rupture of membranes. 5.2 Preterm birth. 5.3 Prolonged pregnancy. 5.4 Multiple pregnancy. 5.5 Antepartum haemorrhage. 5.6 Infection during pregnancy. Chapter 6. Induction of Labour. 6.1 Specific indications for labour induction. 6.2 Techniques of labour induction – primary reviews. 6.3 Techniques of labour induction – secondary reviews. Chapter 7. Care During Childbirth. 7.1 Place of birth. 7.2 Routine care during labour. 7.3 Pain during labour. 7.4 Slow progress during labour. 7.5 Shoulder dystocia. 7.6 Abnormal presentations and positions of the baby. 7.7 Babies with compromised condition during labour . 7.8 Cord prolapse. 7.9 Perineal trauma. 7.10 Operative vaginal birth. 7.11 Caesarean section. 7.12 Pregnancy following caesarean section. 7.13 Extrauterine pregnancy. 7.14 Postpartum haemorrhage and retained placenta. 7.15 Inversion of the uterus. Chapter 8. Care After Childbirth. 8.1 Basic care of mother and baby. 8.2 Perineal pain. 8.3 Family planning. 8.4 Perinatal death. 8.5 Medical conditions after childbirth. 8.6 Unhappiness after childbirth. 8.7 Breastfeeding. Chapter 9. Rogues’ Gallery. Index.
£56.00
John Wiley & Sons Inc Medical Devices
Book SynopsisAddressing the exploding interest in bioengineering for healthcare applications, this book provides readers with detailed yet easy-to-understand guidance on biomedical device engineering. Written by prominent physicians and engineers, Medical Devices: Surgical and Image-Guided Technologies is organized into stand-alone chapters covering devices and systems in diagnostic, surgical, and implant procedures. Assuming only basic background in math and science, the authors clearly explain the fundamentals for different systems along with such topics as engineering considerations, therapeutic techniques and applications, future trends, and more. After describing how to manage a design project for medical devices, the book examines the following: Instruments for laparoscopic and ophthalmic surgery, plus surgical robotics Catheters in vascular therapy and energy-based hemostatic surgical devices Tissue ablation systems and the varied uses of laserTable of ContentsPREFACE xvii CONTRIBUTORS xix PART I INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL DEVICES 1 1. Introduction 3 Martin Culjat 1.1 History of Medical Devices 3 1.2 Medical Device Terminology 6 1.3 Purpose of the Book 10 2. Design of Medical Devices 11 Gregory Nighswonger 2.1 Introduction 11 2.2 The Medical Device Design Environment 11 2.2.1 US Regulation 12 2.2.2 Differences in European Regulation 13 2.2.3 Standards 14 2.3 Basic Design Phases 15 2.3.1 Feasibility 15 2.3.2 Planning and Organization—Assembling the Design Team 16 2.3.3 When to Involve Regulatory Affairs 17 2.3.4 Conceptualizing and Review 17 2.3.5 Testing and Refinement 20 2.3.6 Proving the Concept 20 2.3.7 Pilot Testing and Release to Manufacturing 22 2.4 Postmarket Activities 25 2.5 Final Note 25 PART II MINIMALLY INVASIVE DEVICES AND TECHNIQUES 27 3. Instrumentation for Laparoscopic Surgery 29 Camellia Racu-Keefer, Scott Um, Martin Culjat, and Erik Dutson 3.1 Introduction 29 3.2 Basic Principles 31 3.3 Laparoscopic Instrumentation 34 3.3.1 Trocars 34 3.3.2 Standard Laparoscopic Instruments 37 3.3.3 Additional Laparoscopic Instruments 42 3.3.4 Specimen Retrieval Bags 44 3.3.5 Disposable Instruments 44 3.4 Innovative Applications 45 3.5 Summary and Future Applications 46 4. Surgical Instruments in Ophthalmology 49 Allen Y. Hu, Robert M. Beardsley, and Jean-Pierre Hubschman 4.1 Introduction 49 4.2 Cataract Surgery 51 4.2.1 Basic Technique 51 4.2.2 Principles of Phacoemulsification 52 4.2.3 Phacoemulsification Instruments 54 4.2.4 Phacoemulsification Systems 55 4.2.5 Future Directions 56 4.3 Vitreoretinal Surgery 56 4.3.1 Basic Techniques 56 4.3.2 Principles of Vitrectomy 57 4.3.3 Vitrectomy Instruments 58 4.3.4 Vitrectomy Systems 60 4.3.5 Future Directions 60 4.4 Other Ophthalmic Surgical Procedures 61 4.5 Conclusion 62 5. Surgical Robotics 63 Jacob Rosen 5.1 Introduction 63 5.2 Background and Leading Concepts 63 5.2.1 Human–Machine Interfaces: System Approach 65 5.2.2 Tissue Biomechanics 70 5.2.3 Teleoperation 72 5.2.4 Image-Guided Surgery 78 5.2.5 Objective Assessment of Skill 79 5.3 Commercial Systems 80 5.3.1 ROBODOC® (Curexo Technology Corporation) 80 5.3.2 daVinci (Intuitive Surgical) 83 5.3.3 Sensei® X (Hansen Medical) 84 5.3.4 RIO® MAKOplasty (MAKO Surgical Corporation) 86 5.3.5 CyberKnife (Accuray) 89 5.3.6 Renaissance™ (Mazor Robotics) 91 5.3.7 ARTAS® System (Restoration Robotics, Inc.) 92 5.4 Trends and Future Directions 93 6. Catheters in Vascular Therapy 99 Axel Boese 6.1 Introduction 99 6.2 Historic Overview 100 6.3 Catheter Interventions 102 6.4 Catheter and Guide Wire Shapes and Configurations 105 6.4.1 Catheters 105 6.4.2 Guide Wires 113 6.5 Conclusion 116 PART III ENERGY DELIVERY DEVICES AND SYSTEMS 119 7. Energy-Based Hemostatic Surgical Devices 121 Amit P. Mulgaonkar, Warren Grundfest, and Rahul Singh 7.1 Introduction 121 7.2 History of Energy-Based Hemostasis 122 7.3 Energy-Based Surgical Methods and Their Effects on Tissues 125 7.3.1 Disambiguation 126 7.3.2 Thermal Effects on Tissues 127 7.4 Electrosurgery 128 7.4.1 Electrosurgical Theory 128 7.4.2 Cutting and Coagulation Techniques 130 7.4.3 Equipment 131 7.4.4 Considerations and Complications 133 7.5 Future Of Electrosurgery 134 7.6 Conclusion 135 8. Tissue Ablation Systems 137 Michael Douek, Justin McWilliams, and David Lu 8.1 Introduction 137 8.2 Evolving Paradigms in Cancer Therapy 138 8.3 Basic Ablation Categories and Nomenclature 140 8.4 Hyperthermic Ablation 140 8.5 Fundamentals of In Vivo Energy Deposition 141 8.6 Hyperthermic Ablation: Optimizing Tissue Ablation 143 8.7 Radiofrequency Ablation 144 8.8 RFA: Basic Principles 145 8.9 RFA: In Vivo Energy Deposition 145 8.10 Optimizing RFA 147 8.11 Other Hyperthermic Ablation Techniques 149 8.11.1 Microwave Ablation (MWA) 149 8.11.2 MWA: Basic Principles 149 8.11.3 MWA: In Vivo Energy Deposition 151 8.11.4 Optimizing MWA 152 8.12 Laser Ablation 153 8.13 Hypothermic Ablation 154 8.13.1 Cryoablation: Basic Concepts 154 8.13.2 Cryoablation: In Vivo Considerations 154 8.13.3 Optimizing Cryoablation Systems 154 8.14 Chemical Ablation 157 8.15 Novel Techniques 158 8.15.1 High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) 158 8.15.2 Irreversible Electroporation (IRE) 159 8.16 Tumor Ablation and Beyond 160 9. Lasers in Medicine 163 Zachary Taylor, Asael Papour, Oscar Stafsudd, and Warren Grundfest 9.1 Introduction 163 9.1.1 Historical Perspective 164 9.1.2 Basic Operational Concepts 165 9.1.3 First Experimental MASER (Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) 166 9.2 Laser Fundamentals 167 9.2.1 Two-Level Systems and Population Inversion 167 9.2.2 Multiple Energy Levels 167 9.2.3 Mode of Operation 169 9.2.4 Beams and Optics 171 9.3 Laser Light Compared to Other Sources of Light 174 9.3.1 Temporal Coherence 174 9.3.2 Spectral Coherence (Line Width) 175 9.3.3 Beam Collimation 177 9.3.4 Short Pulse Duration 177 9.3.5 Summary 178 9.4 Laser–Tissue Interactions 178 9.4.1 Biostimulation 178 9.4.2 Photochemical Interactions 179 9.4.3 Photothermal Interactions 180 9.4.4 Ablation 180 9.4.5 Photodisruption 181 9.5 Lasers in Diagnostics 181 9.5.1 Optical Coherence Tomography 181 9.5.2 Fluorescence Angiography 184 9.5.3 Near Infrared Spectroscopy 185 9.6 Laser Treatments and Therapy 186 9.6.1 Overview of Current Medical Applications of Laser Technology 186 9.6.2 Retinal Photodynamic Therapy (Photochemical) 188 9.6.3 Transpupillary Thermal Therapy (TTT) (Photothermal) 188 9.6.4 Vascular Birth Marks (Photocoagulation) 190 9.6.5 Laser Assisted Corneal Refractive Surgery (Ablation) 191 9.7 Conclusions 196 PART IV IMPLANTABLE DEVICES AND SYSTEMS 197 10. Vascular and Cardiovascular Devices 199 Dan Levi, Allan Tulloch, John Ho, Colin Kealey, and David Rigberg 10.1 Introduction 199 10.2 Biocompatibility Considerations 200 10.3 Materials 202 10.3.1 316L Stainless Steel 203 10.3.2 Nitinol 203 10.3.3 Cobalt–Chromium Alloys 204 10.4 Stents 204 10.5 Closure Devices 206 10.6 Transcatheter Heart Valves 208 10.7 Inferior Vena Cava Filters 212 10.8 Future Directions–Thin Film Nitinol 214 10.9 Conclusion 216 11. Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices 219 Colin Kealey, Paymon Rahgozar, and Murray Kwon 11.1 Introduction 219 11.2 History 220 11.3 Basic Principles 221 11.3.1 Biocompatibility and Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices 221 11.3.2 Hemocompatibility: Microscopic Considerations 222 11.3.3 Hemocompatibility: Macroscopic Considerations 223 11.4 Engineering Considerations in Mechanical Circulatory Support 223 11.4.1 Overview 223 11.4.2 Pump Design 225 11.4.3 Positive Displacement Pumps 225 11.4.4 Rotary Pumps 226 11.4.5 Pulsatile Versus Nonpulsatile Flow 228 11.5 Devices 228 11.5.1 The HeartMate XVE Left Ventricular Assist System 228 11.5.2 The HeartMate II Left Ventricular Assist System 231 11.5.3 Short-Term Mechanical Circulatory Support: The Intraaortic Balloon Pump 234 11.5.4 Pediatric Mechanical Circulatory Support: The Berlin Heart 237 11.6 The Future of MCS Devices 239 11.6.1 CorAide 239 11.6.2 HeartMate III 239 11.6.3 HeartWare 240 11.6.4 VentrAssist 240 11.7 Summary 240 12. Orthopedic Implants 241 Sophia N. Sangiorgio, Todd S. Johnson, Jon Moseley, G. Bryan Cornwall, and Edward Ebramzadeh 12.1 Introduction 241 12.1.1 Overview 241 12.1.2 History 243 12.2 Basic Principles 244 12.2.1 Optimization for Strength and Stiffness 245 12.2.2 Maximization of Implant Fixation to Host Bone 250 12.2.3 Minimization of Degradation 251 12.2.4 Sterilization of Implants and Instrumentation 253 12.3 Implant Technologies 253 12.3.1 Total Hip Replacement 254 12.3.2 Technology in Total Knee Replacement 263 12.3.3 Technology in Spine Surgery 268 12.4 Summary 272 PART V IMAGING AND IMAGE-GUIDED TECHNIQUES 275 13. Endoscopy 277 Gregory Nighswonger 13.1 Introduction 277 13.2 Ancient Origins 278 13.3 Modern Endoscopy 280 13.3.1 Creating Cold Light 280 13.3.2 Introduction of Rod-Lens Technology 280 13.4 Principles of Modern Endoscopy 283 13.4.1 Optics 284 13.4.2 Mechanics 284 13.4.3 Electronics 284 13.4.4 Software 285 13.5 The Imaging Chain 285 13.5.1 Light Source (1) 286 13.5.2 Telescope (2) 286 13.5.3 Camera Head (3) 287 13.5.4 Camera CCU (4) 287 13.5.5 Video Cables (5) 287 13.5.6 Monitor (6) 287 13.5.7 Image Management Systems (7) 288 13.6 Endoscopes for Today 288 13.6.1 Rigid Endoscopes—Designs to Enhance Functionality 289 13.6.2 Less Traumatic Ureterorenoscopes 290 13.6.3 Advances in Flexible Endoscope Design 291 13.6.4 Broader Functionality with New Technologies 294 13.6.5 Enhancing Video Capabilities 299 13.7 Endoscopy’s Future 301 14. Medical Ultrasound Devices 303 Rahul Singh and Martin Culjat 14.1 Introduction 303 14.2 Basic Principles of Ultrasound 304 14.2.1 Basic Acoustic Physics 304 14.2.2 Reflection and Refraction 307 14.2.3 Attenuation 307 14.2.4 Piezoelectricity 308 14.2.5 Ultrasound Systems 310 14.2.6 Resolution and Bandwidth 312 14.2.7 Beam Characteristics 314 14.3 Ultrasound Transducer Design 316 14.3.1 Piezoelectric Material 317 14.3.2 Backing Layers and Damping 318 14.3.3 Matching Layers 318 14.3.4 Mechanical Focusing 319 14.3.5 Electrical Matching 320 14.3.6 Sector Scanners 320 14.3.7 Array Transducers 322 14.3.8 Transducer Array Fabrication 325 14.3.9 Regulatory Considerations 327 14.4 Applications of Medical Ultrasound 329 14.4.1 Image Guidance Applications 330 14.4.2 Intravascular and Intracardiac Applications 332 14.4.3 Intraoral and Endocavity Applications 333 14.4.4 Surgical Applications 334 14.4.5 Ophthalmic Ultrasound 335 14.4.6 Doppler and Doppler Applications 336 14.4.7 Therapeutic Applications 336 14.5 The Future of Medical Ultrasound 338 15. Medical X-ray Imaging 341 Mark Roden 15.1 Introduction 341 15.2 X-ray Physics 342 15.2.1 Photon Interactions with Matter 342 15.2.2 Clinical Production of X-rays 343 15.2.3 Patient Dose Considerations 346 15.3 Two-Dimensional Image Acquisition 348 15.4 Image Acquisition Technologies and Techniques 351 15.4.1 Film 351 15.4.2 Computed Radiography 354 15.4.3 Digital Radiography 358 15.4.4 Clinical Applications of 2D X-ray Techniques 360 15.5 Basic 2D Processing Techniques 361 15.5.1 Independent Pixel Operations 362 15.5.2 Grouped Pixel Operations 363 15.5.3 Image Transformation Operations 366 15.6 Real-Time X-ray Imaging 367 15.6.1 Fluoroscopy Technology 367 15.6.2 Angiography 370 15.7 Three-Dimensional X-ray Imaging 372 15.8 Conclusion 373 16. Navigation in Neurosurgery 375 Jean-Jacques Lemaire, Eric J. Behnke, Andrew J. Frew, and Antonio A. F. DeSalles 16.1 Basics of Neurosurgery 375 16.1.1 General Technical Issues in Neurosurgery 375 16.1.2 Instrumentation in Neurosurgery 376 16.1.3 Complications 377 16.1.4 Functional Neurosurgery 378 16.1.5 Stereotactic Neurosurgery 378 16.1.6 Neuroimaging for Neurosurgery 379 16.2 Introduction to Neuronavigation 381 16.3 Neuronavigation Systems 381 16.3.1 The Tracking System 382 16.3.2 The Display Unit 383 16.3.3 The Control Unit 385 16.4 Implementation of Neuronavigation 386 16.4.1 Surgical Planning 386 16.4.2 Patient Registration 387 16.4.3 Navigation 389 16.5 Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality 390 16.6 Summary/Future 391 REFERENCES 395 INDEX 425
£121.46
John Wiley & Sons Inc Lysophospholipid Receptors
Book SynopsisThe current state of the science supporting new research in lysophospholipids The study of lysophospholipids exploded with the discovery of cell surface receptors on both lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). Since then, thousands of original research reports?ranging from fundamental cell signaling to the physiology and pathophysiology of individual organ systems?have centered on lysophospholipids. This book draws together and analyzes the current literature to provide readers with a state-of-the-science review as well as current techniques that support research in all aspects of the field of lysophospholipid signaling. Lysophospholipid Receptors is divided into three sections: Receptors and other possible effectors Enzymes Physiology and pathophysiology Within each section, the authors explain the similarities and differences between LPA and S1P signaling. Examples are provided that deTable of ContentsPREFACE ix CONTRIBUTORS xi 1 LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACID (LPA) RECEPTOR SIGNALING 1 Hope Mirendil, Mu-En Lin, and Jerold Chun 2 SPHINGOSINE 1-PHOSPHATE (S1P) RECEPTORS 41 Bongnam Jung and Timothy Hla 3 GLOBAL GENE EXPRESSION PROGRAM OF LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACID (LPA)-STIMULATED FIBROBLASTS 61 Catelijne Stortelers and Wouter H. Moolenaar 4 IDENTIFICATION OF DIRECT INTRACELLULAR TARGETS OF SPHINGOSINE 1-PHOSPHATE (S1P) 71 Nitai C. Hait, Sheldon Milstien, and Sarah Spiegel 5 LYSOPHOSPHOLIPID RECEPTOR SIGNALING PLATFORMS: THE RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASE–G PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR SIGNALING COMPLEX 85 Nigel J. Pyne and Susan Pyne 6 AUTOTAXIN: A UNIQUE ECTO-TYPE PYROPHOSPHODIESTERASE WITH DIVERSE FUNCTIONS 103 Hiroshi Yukiura and Junken Aoki 7 STUDIES ON AUTOTAXIN SIGNALING IN ENDOCYTIC VESICLE BIOGENESIS AND EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT USING WHOLE EMBRYO CULTURE AND ELECTROPORATION 121 Masayuki Masu, Seiichi Koike, Takuya Okada, and Kazuko Keino-Masu 8 STANDARDIZATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACID COMPOUNDS BY NORMAL-PHASE AND REVERSED-PHASE CHROMATOGRAPHY–TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY 137 Jeff D. Moore, Shengrong Li, David S. Myers, Stephen B. Milne, H. Alex Brown, and Walter A. Shaw 9 SPHINGOSINE KINASES: BIOCHEMISTRY, REGULATION, AND ROLES 153 Melissa R. Pitman, Kate E. Jarman, Tamara M. Leclercq, Duyen H. Pham, and Stuart M. Pitson 10 FUNCTIONAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLES OF SPHINGOSINE 1-PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTERS 185 Atsuo Kawahara and Tsuyoshi Nishi 11 LIPID PHOSPHATE PHOSPHATASES AND SIGNALING BY LYSOPHOSPHOLIPID RECEPTORS 201 Ganesh Venkatraman and David N. Brindley 12 LIPID PHOSPHATE PHOSPHATASES: RECENT PROGRESS AND ASSAY METHODS 229 Andrew J. Morris, Susan S. Smyth, Abdel K. Salous, and Andrew D. Renault 13 LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACID (LPA) SIGNALING AND CARDIOVASCULAR PATHOLOGY 265 Susan S. Smyth, Anping Dong, Jessica Wheeler, Manikandan Panchatcharam, and Andrew J. Morris 14 SPHINGOSINE 1-PHOSPHATE (S1P) SIGNALING IN CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY AND DISEASE 283 Bodo Levkau 15 SPHINGOSINE 1-PHOSPHATE (S1P) SIGNALING AND THE VASCULATURE 313 Christian Waeber 16 REGULATION OF THE NUCLEAR HORMONE RECEPTOR PPARγ BY ENDOGENOUS LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS (LPAS) 349 Ryoko Tsukahara, Tamotsu Tsukahara, and Gabor Tigyi 17 MECHANISMS AND MODELS FOR ELUCIDATING THE CARDIAC EFFECTS OF SPHINGOSINE 1-PHOSPHATE (S1P) 373 Shigeki Miyamoto, Sunny Yang Xiang, Nicole H. Purcell, and Joan Heller Brown 18 NEURAL EFFECTS OF LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACID (LPA) SIGNALING 399 Nobuyuki Fukushima 19 WIDESPREAD EXPRESSION OF SPHINGOSINE KINASES AND SPHINGOSINE 1-PHOSPHATE (S1P) LYASE SUGGESTS DIVERSE FUNCTIONS IN THE VERTEBRATE NERVOUS SYSTEM 419 H. Meng and V.M. Lee 20 LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACID AND NEUROPATHIC PAIN: DEMYELINATION AND LPA BIOSYNTHESIS 433 Hiroshi Ueda 21 ROLE OF LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACID (LPA) IN BEHAVIORAL PROCESSES: IMPLICATIONS FOR PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS 451 Guillermo Estivill-Torrús, Luis Javier Santín, Carmen Pedraza, Estela Castilla-Ortega, and Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca 22 SPHINGOSINE 1-PHOSPHATE (S1P) SIGNALING AND LYMPHOCYTE EGRESS 475 Alejandra Mendoza, Lauren A. Pitt, and Susan R. Schwab 23 BIOLOGY REVEALED BY SPHINGOSINE 1-PHOSPHATE (S1P) RECEPTOR GENE-ALTERED MICE 489 Maria L. Allende, Mari Kono, Aikaterini Alexaki, Christina Giannouli, Jiman Kang, Catherine C. Theisen, Eleanor L. Koerner, and Richard L. Proia 24 ROLE OF LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACID (LPA) IN THE INTESTINE 507 C. Chris Yun and Peijian He 25 LYSOPHOSPHOLIPID SIGNALING IN FEMALE AND MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS 529 Xiaoqin Ye 26 THE GONADS AND THEIR MAGIC BULLET, LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACID: PHYSIOLOGICAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACID (LPA) IN FEMALE AND MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS 569 Lygia Therese Budnik, Bärbel Brunswig-Spickenheier, and Dieter Müller 27 LYSOPHOSPHOLIPID REGULATION OF LUNG FIBROSIS 587 Barry S. Shea and Andrew M. Tager 28 LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACID (LPA) SIGNALING AND BONE 609 Jean Pierre Salles, Sara Laurencin-Dalicieux, Françoise Conte-Auriol, Fabienne Briand-Mésange, and Isabelle Gennero 29 LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACID (LPA) SIGNALING AND BONE CANCER 627 Olivier Peyruchaud, Marion David, Timothy L. Macdonald, and Kevin R. Lynch 30 UNDERSTANDING THE FUNCTIONS OF LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACID RECEPTORS IN CANCER 641 Nattapon Panupinthu and Gordon B. Mills 31 LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACID RECEPTORS IN CANCER 661 Abir Mukherjee, Jinhua Wu, Yongling Gong, and Xianjun Fang 32 LPA RECEPTOR SUBTYPES LPA1 AND LPA2 AS POTENTIAL DRUG TARGETS 681 Gretchen Bain and T. Jon Seiders 33 CLINICAL INTRODUCTION OF LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACID (LPA) AND AUTOTAXIN ASSAYS 709 Yutaka Yatomi, Koji Igarashi, Kazuhiro Nakamura, Ryunosuke Ohkawa, Akiko Masuda, Akiko Suzuki, Tatsuya Kishimoto, Hitoshi Ikeda, and Junken Aoki 34 ANTIBODIES TO BIOACTIVE LYSOPHOSPHOLIPIDS 737 Roger A. Sabbadini, Jonathan M. Wojciak, Kelli Moreno, James S. Swaney, and Barbara Visentin INDEX 753
£125.06
John Wiley & Sons Inc Comparative Pathophysiology and Toxicology of
Book SynopsisThe first thorough review of cyclooxygenase inhibitors, including their toxicity mechanisms and toxicopathological risks Cyclooxygenases (COXs) are enzymes responsible for the formation of an important class of biological mediators called prostanoids.Table of ContentsPREFACE xi INTRODUCTION: DISCOVERY OF CYCLOOXYGENASES AND HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 1 Aspirin 1 Prostaglandins 2 Cyclooxygenases 4 COX-2 Selective NSAIDs 7 References 8 CHAPTER 1 GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT 11 Introduction 11 Comparative COX-1 and COX-2 Expression in the GI Tract 13 Effects of ns-NSAIDs on the GI Tract 15 Effects of Arylpropionic Acid ns-NSAIDs on the GI Tract 17 Effects of Enolic Acid (Oxicam) ns-NSAIDs on the GI Tract 22 Effects of Acetic Acid Derivative ns-NSAIDs on the GI Tract 23 Effects of Aminonicotinic Acid Derivative ns-NSAIDs on the GI Tract 26 Effects of Pyrazolone Derivative ns-NSAIDs on the GI Tract 27 Effects of Salicylic Acid Derivative ns-NSAIDs on the GI Tract 28 Effects of Anthranilic Acid Derivative ns-NSAIDs on the GI Tract 30 Effects of COX-1 Inhibitors on the GI Tract 30 Effects of COX-2 s-NSAIDs on the GI Tract 31 Pathophysiology and Mechanisms of NSAID-Associated GI Toxicity 38 Role of Cyclooxygenase Potency 39 Species Differences in NSAID-Associated Susceptibility to GI Injury 39 GI Anatomical Differences 40 Enterohepatic Recirculation and NSAID Toxicity 41 Role of Xenobiotic Glucuronidation 42 Aging and Stress and NSAID GI Effects 43 Disruption of GI Physiological Mucosal Defense Mechanisms 44 GI Disequilibrium 45 Effects on Physiological GI Mucosal Cell Renewal Mechanisms After Mucosal Injury 46 Effects on Leukocyte Adhesion Molecules and Trafficking 49 Effects of GI Physiological Local pH, Gut Absorption, and Fasting 50 NSAID Topical Effect-Mediated Injury 51 Changes in GI Motility, Microcirculation, and Enterobacteria 52 Decreased Phosphatidylcholine Levels 53 Impaired Drug Metabolism 54 Role of Toll-like Receptor (TLR)-4/MyD88 and Enteric Bacteria 54 Role of Uncoupling of Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation 56 Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ 56 Role of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases 57 NSAID GI Injury-Associated Risk Factors 57 Conclusions 57 References 58 CHAPTER 2 BONE–TENDON–LIGAMENT SYSTEM 72 Introduction 72 Comparative Physiological and Anatomical Aspects of the Skeleton 72 Role of Prostaglandins in Skeleton Metabolism 78 The Process of Bone Healing and Potential Role of Prostaglandins 85 Inflammatory Response 85 Bone Resorption 88 Bone Formation 90 COX-1 and COX-2 Expression in Bone, Tendon, and Ligament During Repair and in Pathological Conditions 91 Effects of ns-NSAIDs on Bone Healing 96 Effects of COX-2 s-NSAIDs on Bone Healing 103 Effects of ns-NSAIDs on Ligament and Tendon Healing 112 Effects of COX-2 s-NSAIDs on Ligament and Tendon Healing 113 Conclusions 114 References 115 CHAPTER 3 RENAL SYSTEM 127 Introduction 127 Comparative Physiological, Developmental, and Anatomical Aspects of the Renal System 128 Role of Prostaglandins in the Renal System 140 COX-1 and COX-2 Expression in the Kidney 149 Effects of ns-NSAIDs on the Kidney 154 Effects of COX-2 s-NSAIDs on the Kidney 162 Potential Mechanisms of NSAID Effects on the Renal System 165 Conclusions 166 References 167 CHAPTER 4 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 180 Introduction 180 Comparative Physiological and Anatomical Aspects of the Cardiovascular System 181 The Heart 181 Cardiovascular Blood Flow 183 Cardiac Conduction System and Blood Pressure 183 Heart Rate 186 Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone in the Cardiovascular System 187 Natriuretic Peptides in the Cardiovascular System 188 Cardiovascular Research and Animal Models 189 Cardiovascular Atherosclerosis 191 COX-1 and COX-2 Expression in the Cardiovascular System 192 Pathophysiological Role of Prostaglandins in the Cardiovascular System 196 Effects of NSAIDs on the Cardiovascular System 201 Effects of COX-1 and COX-2 Inhibition on Myocardial Ischemia, Infarction, and Thrombosis 201 Effects of COX-1 and COX-2 Inhibition on Coronary Blood Flow and Blood Pressure 211 Effects of COX-1 and COX-2 Inhibition on Atherogenesis 215 Conclusions 216 References 216 CHAPTER 5 OCULAR SYSTEM 228 Introduction 228 Comparative Physiological and Anatomical Aspects of the Ocular System 228 Role of Prostaglandins in the Ocular System 238 COX-1 Expression in the Eye Under Normal and Pathological Conditions 245 COX-2 Expression in the Eye Under Normal and Pathological Conditions 248 Effects of COX-2 s-NSAIDs in Ophthalmology 253 Effects ns-NSAIDs in Ophthalmology 256 Conclusions 259 References 259 CHAPTER 6 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 270 Introduction 270 Comparative Physiological and Anatomical Aspects of the Respiratory System 270 Role of Prostaglandins in the Respiratory System 275 COX-1 Expression in the Respiratory System Under Normal and Pathological Conditions 283 COX-2 Expression in the Respiratory System Under Normal and Pathological Conditions 288 Effects of COX-2 s-NSAIDs on the Respiratory System 295 Effects of ns-NSAIDs on the Respiratory System 299 Conclusions 300 References 301 CHAPTER 7 CURRENT RESEARCH STRATEGIES FOR DESIGNING SAFER NSAIDs 309 Nitric Oxide–Releasing NSAIDs 309 Hydrogen Sulfide–Releasing NSAIDs 311 NSAIDs Associated with Zwitterionic Phospholipids 311 Chiral NSAIDs 313 Trefoil Peptides 314 Novel Mechanism of Action NSIADs 314 mPGES-1 Inhibitors 316 References 316 INDEX 321
£117.85
John Wiley & Sons Inc Polymers in Regenerative Medicine
Book SynopsisBiomedical applications of Polymers from Scaffolds to Nanostructures The ability of polymers to span wide ranges of mechanical properties and morph into desired shapes makes them useful for a variety of applications, including scaffolds, self-assembling materials, and nanomedicines. With an interdisciplinary list of subjects and contributors, this book overviews the biomedical applications of polymers and focuses on the aspect of regenerative medicine. Chapters also cover fundamentals, theories, and tools for scientists to apply polymers in the following ways: Matrix protein interactions with synthetic surfaces Methods and materials for cell scaffolds Complex cell-materials microenvironments in bioreactors Polymer therapeutics as nano-sized medicines for tissue repair Functionalized mesoporous materials for controlled delivery Nucleic acid delivery nanocarriers Concepts include macro and nano requiTable of ContentsPreface xi Contributors xvii Part A Methods for Synthetic Extracellular Matrices and Scaffolds 1 1 Polymers as Materials for Tissue Engineering Scaffolds 3 Ana Vallés Lluch Dunia Mercedes García Cruz Jorge Luis Escobar Ivirico Cristina Martínez Ramos and Manuel Monleón Pradas 1.1 The Requirements Imposed by Application on Material Structures Intended as Tissue Engineering Scaffolds 3 1.2 Composition and Function 5 1.2.1 General Considerations 5 1.2.2 Some Families of Polymers for Tissue Engineering Scaffolds 8 1.2.3 Composite Scaffold Matrices 12 1.3 Structure and Function 14 1.3.1 General Considerations 14 1.3.2 Structuring Polymer Matrices 15 1.4 Properties of Scaffolds Relevant for Tissue Engineering Applications 24 1.4.1 Porous Architecture 24 1.4.2 Solid State Properties: Glass Transition Crystallinity 25 1.4.3 Mechanical and Structural Properties 26 1.4.4 Swelling Properties 28 1.4.5 Degradation Properties 29 1.4.6 Diffusion and Permeation 30 1.4.7 Surface Tension and Contact Angle 31 1.4.8 Biological Properties 31 1.5 Compound Multicomponent Constructs 32 1.5.1 Scaffold-Cum-Gel Constructs 32 1.5.2 Scaffolds and Membranes Containing Microparticles 34 1.5.3 Other Multicomponent Scaffold Constructs 34 1.6 Questions Arising from Manipulation and Final Use 35 1.6.1 Sterilization 35 1.6.2 Cell Seeding Cell Culture Analysis 36 1.6.3 In the Surgeon’s Hands 37 References 37 2 Natural-Based and Stimuli-Responsive Polymers for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 49 Mariana B. Oliveira and João F. Mano 2.1 Introduction 49 2.2 Natural Polymers and Their Application in TE & RM 52 2.2.1 Polysaccharides 52 2.2.2 Protein-Based Polymers 60 2.2.3 Polyesters 65 2.3 Natural Polymers in Stimuli-Responsive Systems 65 2.3.1 pH-Sensitive Natural Polymers 67 2.3.2 Temperature Sensitive Natural Polymers 67 2.3.3 Natural Polymers Modified to Show Thermoresponsive Behavior—Modifying Responsive Polymers and Agents 71 2.3.4 Light-Sensitive Polymers—Potential Use of Azobenzene/α-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes 72 2.4 Conclusions 73 References 74 3 Matrix Proteins Interactions with Synthetic Surfaces 91 Patricia Rico Marco Cantini George Altankov and Manuel Salmerón-Sánchez 3.1 Introduction 91 3.2 Protein Adsorption 92 3.2.1 Cell Adhesion Proteins 93 3.2.2 Experimental Techniques to Follow Protein Adsorption 94 3.2.3 Effect of Surface Properties on Protein Adsorption 97 3.3 Cell Adhesion 109 3.3.1 Experimental Techniques to Characterize Cell Adhesion 112 3.3.2 Cell Adhesion at Cell–Material Interface 115 3.4 Remodeling of the Adsorbed Proteins 122 3.4.1 Protein Reorganization and Secretion at the Cell–Material Interface 122 3.4.2 Proteolytic Remodeling at Cell–Materials Interface 126 References 128 4 Focal Adhesion Kinase in Cell–Material Interactions 147 Cristina González-García Manuel Salmerón-Sánchez and Andrés J. García 4.1 Introduction 147 4.2 Role of FAK in Cell Proliferation 149 4.3 Role of FAK in Migratory and Mechanosensing Responses 150 4.4 Role of FAK in the Generation of Adhesives Forces 152 4.5 Influence of Material Surface Properties on FAK Signaling 156 4.5.1 Effect of Mechanical Properties on FAK Signaling 156 4.5.2 Effect of Surface Topography on FAK Signaling 160 4.5.3 Effect of Surface Chemistry on FAK Signaling 163 4.5.4 Effect of Surface Functionalization in FAK Expression 165 References 168 5 Complex Cell–Materials Microenvironments in Bioreactors 177 Stergios C. Dermenoudis and Yannis F. Missirlis 5.1 Introduction 177 5.2 Cell–ECM Interactions 178 5.2.1 ECM Chemistry 179 5.2.2 ECM Topography 181 5.2.3 ECM Mechanical Properties 183 5.2.4 ECM 3D Structure 184 5.2.5 ECM-Induced Mechanical Stimuli 186 5.3 Cell–Nutrient Medium 187 5.3.1 Composition and Volume-Related Phenomena 188 5.3.2 Mechanical Stresses Induced by Nutrient Medium 191 5.4 Other Aspects of Interaction 194 5.4.1 Co-Culture Systems 195 5.4.2 Material Interactions 196 5.5 Conclusions 197 References 197 Part B N anostructures for Tissue Engineering 207 6 Self-Curing Systems for Regenerative Medicine 209 Julio San Román Blanca Vázquez and María Rosa Aguilar 6.1 Introduction 209 6.2 Self-Curing Systems for Hard Tissue Regeneration 210 6.2.1 Antimicrobial Self-Curing Formulations 211 6.2.2 Self-Curing Formulations for Osteoporotic Bone 214 6.2.3 Antineoplastic Drug-Loaded Self-Curing Formulations 216 6.2.4 Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug-Loaded Formulations 217 6.2.5 Self-Curing Formulations with Biodegradable Components 218 6.3 Self-Curing Hydrogels for Soft Tissue Regeneration 219 6.3.1 Chemically Cross-Linked Hydrogels 220 6.3.2 Chemically and Physically Cross-Linked Hydrogels 225 6.4 Expectative and Future Directions 226 References 226 7 Self-Assembling Peptides as Synthetic Extracellular Matrices 235 M.T. Fernandez Muiños and C.E. Semino 7.1 Introduction 235 7.2 In Vitro Applications 238 7.3 In Vivo Applications 242 References 245 8 Polymer Therapeutics as Nano-Sized Medicines for Tissue Regeneration and Repair 249 Ana Armiñán Pilar Sepúlveda and María J. Vicent 8.1 Polymer Therapeutics as Nano-Sized Medicines 249 8.1.1 The Concept and Biological Rationale behind Polymer Therapeutics 249 8.1.2 Current Status and Future Trends 252 8.2 Polymer Therapeutics for Tissue Regeneration and Repair 254 8.2.1 Ischemia/Reperfusion Injuries 255 8.2.2 Wound Healing/Repair 260 8.2.3 Musculoskeletal Disorders 263 8.2.4 Diseases of the Central Nervous System 267 8.3 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 272 References 273 9 How Regenerative Medicine Can Benefit from Nucleic Acids Delivery Nanocarriers? 285 Erea Borrajo Anxo Vidal Maria J. Alonso and Marcos Garcia-Fuentes 9.1 Introduction 285 9.1.1 Learning from Viruses: How to Overcome Cellular Barriers 286 9.2 Nanotechnology in Gene Delivery 292 9.2.1 Lipid Nanocarriers 292 9.2.2 Polymeric Nanocarriers 294 9.2.3 Inorganic Nanoparticles 300 9.3 Nanotechnology in Regenerative Medicine 302 9.3.1 Bone Regeneration 303 9.3.2 Cartilage Regeneration 305 9.3.3 Tendon Regeneration 308 9.3.4 Myocardium Regeneration 309 9.3.5 Neurological Tissue 311 9.4 Conclusions 313 References 313 10 Functionalized Mesoporous Materials with Gate-Like Scaffoldings for Controlled Delivery 337 Elena Aznar Estela Climent Laura Mondragon Félix Sancenón and Ramón Martínez-Máñez 10.1 Introduction 337 10.2 Mesoporous Silica Materials with Gate-Like Scaffoldings 339 10.2.1 Controlled Delivery by pH Changes 339 10.2.2 Controlled Delivery Using Redox Reactions 345 10.2.3 Controlled Delivery Using Photochemical Reactions 349 10.2.4 Controlled Delivery via Temperature Changes 352 10.2.5 Controlled Delivery Using Small Molecules 355 10.2.6 Controlled Delivery Using Biomolecules 356 10.3 Concluding Remarks 360 References 361 11 Where Are We Going? Future Trends and Challenges 367 Sang Jin Lee and Anthony Atala 11.1 Introduction 367 11.2 Classification of Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 368 11.2.1 N aturally Derived Materials 368 11.2.2 Biodegradable Synthetic Polymers 370 11.2.3 Tissue Matrices 372 11.3 Basic Principles of Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering 373 11.4 Development of Smart Biomaterials 374 11.5 Scaffold Fabrication Technologies 376 11.5.1 Injectable Hydrogels 376 11.5.2 Electrospinning 377 11.5.3 Computer-Aided Scaffold Fabrication 378 11.5.4 Functionalization of Tissue-Engineered Biomaterial Scaffolds 379 11.6 Summary and Future Directions 381 References 384 Index 391
£116.85
John Wiley & Sons Inc Drug Discovery for the Treatment of Addiction
Book Synopsis With addiction a key target for drug discovery efforts, this book fills an important and timely need for medicinal chemists who need to understand complex neuroscience issues. The author illustrates medicinal chemistry''s prominent role in treating addiction and covers specific drugs of abuse including narcotics, stimulants, depressants, nicotine, and marijuana. Interprets complex neuro- biological and pharmacological information, like the drug-reward system, for medicinal chemists Emphasizes neurotransmitters and neurochemical mechanisms of addictive drugs Pulls together information on the many potential drug targets for treating addiction Stresses unique medicinal chemistry problems when describing pharmacology testing methods and drug developmentTable of ContentsPreface xiii 1 What Is Drug Addiction? 1 1.1 Definitions 2 1.2 The Drugs of Abuse 4 1.3 Schedule of Controlled Substances 5 1.4 Some Facts From 2012 NSDUH Study 6 1.5 The Addictive State 8 1.6 Theories of Addiction 12 1.7 Comorbidity 13 1.8 Genetic Aspects of Addiction 13 1.9 Approved Medications for the Treatment of Substance Abuse and Addiction 16 2 Physiological Basis of Addiction—A Chemist's Interpretation 18 2.1 The Reward System 19 2.2 Neuroanatomy of the Reward System 21 2.3 Brief Review of the Central Nervous System and Addiction 22 2.4 Neurotransmitters and Their Targets 25 2.5 Neurocircuitry and Neurotransmitters in Addiction 32 2.6 Location of Receptors 62 2.7 An Example 64 2.8 Use of Biological Markers 65 2.9 Memories and Addiction 68 2.10 Stress the HPA Axis and Addiction 72 3 Behavioral Pharmacology and Addiction 76 3.1 Animal Models of Addiction 76 3.2 Self-Administration 80 3.3 Conditioned Place Preference 85 3.4 Tolerance 86 3.5 Extinction/Withdrawal 87 3.6 Reinstatement (Animal Models of Relapse) 87 3.7 Drug Discrimination 89 3.8 Operant Sensation Seeking Model 92 3.9 Use of Animal Behavioral Models 92 Acknowledgments 93 4 Medication Development for the Treatment of Drug Addiction 94 4.1 Lead Discovery 95 4.1.1 NIDA Addiction Treatment Discovery Program 96 4.2 Pharmacological Assays 103 4.3 Partial Agonist Approach 110 4.4 Allosteric Modulators 110 4.5 Functional Interactions Between Receptors 114 4.6 Multi-Target Drugs 121 4.7 Physicochemical Properties of CNS Drugs and Blood-Brain Barrier 124 4.8 Brain Imaging Agents 131 4.9 QT Prolongation 135 5 Medication Development for Narcotic Addiction 137 5.1 Pharmacology of Narcotic Addiction and Pain 138 5.2 Prescription Drug Addiction 139 5.3 Approved Medications 140 5.4 Medication Development 151 6 Medication Development for Stimulant Addiction 160 6.1 Pharmacology of Cocaine Addiction 160 6.2 Pharmacology of Methamphetamine Addiction 163 6.3 Medication Development 166 7 Medication Development for Depressant Addiction 213 7.1 Pharmacology of Alcohol Addiction 213 7.2 Approved Medications 214 7.3 Medication Development 219 7.4 Benzodiazepines 228 7.5 Barbiturates 229 8 Medication Development for Nicotine Addiction 230 8.1 Pharmacology of Nicotine Addiction 230 8.2 Approved Medications 232 8.3 Medication Development 237 9 Medication Development for Marijuana Addiction 240 9.1 Pharmacology of Marijuana Addiction 241 9.2 CB1 Antagonist: Rimonabant 243 9.3 Medication Development 244 10 Designer Drugs 252 10.1 Cathinone Drugs 253 10.2 MDMA—ECSTASY 256 10.3 Cannabinoid Designer Drugs 257 Conclusion 259 Appendix A Further Reading for Chemists Interested in a More Detailed Understanding of Addiction and the Central Nervous System 261 Appendix B Public Databases and Sources of Information of Interest to Medicinal Chemistry Addiction Researchers 262 Appendix C Glossary of Terms Used in Addiction Research 263 Appendix D Glossary of Terms Used in Medicinal Chemistry 271 References 290 Index 335
£92.66
