Chemistry Books
Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy
Book SynopsisLight Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy An indispensable guide to a novel, revolutionary fluorescence microscopy technique! Light sheet fluorescence microscopy has revolutionized microscopy, since it allows scientists to perform experiments in an entirely different manner and to record data that had not been accessible before. With contributions from noted experts in the fields of physics, biology, and computer science, Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy is a unique guide that offers a practical approach to the subject, including information on the basics of light sheet fluorescence microscopy, instrumentation, applications, sample preparation, and data analysis. Comprehensive in scope, the book is filled with the cutting-edge methods as well as valuable insider tips. Grounded in real-world applications, the book includes chapters from major manufacturers that explores their recent systems and developments. In addition, the book hightlights a discussion of a do-it-yourself light sheet mi
£76.00
Wiley VCH The Chemistry of Diamondoids
Book SynopsisComprehensive resource on an important and fascinating compound class, covering synthesis, properties, functionalization, and applications in organic synthesis, materials science, and more The Chemistry of Diamondoids gives a state-of-the-art overview of all aspects of diamondoid chemistry, covering nomenclature, natural occurrence, chemical and physical properties, along with synthesis and functionalization of diamondoids as well as their applications as molecular building blocks in organic synthesis, polymer and materials science, nanotechnology, and medicinal chemistry. The book concludes with a perspective towards future developments in the field, thereby drawing attention to areas open for discovery. Written by experts in the field, The Chemistry of Diamondoids includes information on: Naturally occurring diamondoids, their formation, and the role they play in the petroleum industry and in geosciences, plus man-made approaches to prepare them on large scale Growing diamond from diamondoids via seeding, preparation and properties of diamondoid oligomers and doped diamondoids CH-bond functionalization, a precondition for their use in many applications, and fine-tuning of diamondoid properties by precise cage substitution reactions With its all-encompassing approach, The Chemistry of Diamondoids is a valuable guide for newcomers and researchers in organic chemistry and materials science interested in modern synthetic methods and organic functional materials.
£105.36
Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Organische Chemie: Arbeitsbuch
Book SynopsisEndlich - die 6. Auflage des "Vollhardt/Schore" ist da! Das Arbeitsbuch enthält alle Lösungen der Übungsaufgaben des Lehrbuchs. Im Mittelpunkt des seit Jahrzehnten erfolgreichen Lehrbuchs stehen das Verständnis von Reaktionen, Strukturen, Mechanismen und Synthesen - das Fundament der organischen Chemie. -über 650 gelöste Aufgaben helfen, den Stoff zu vertiefen -Lehrbuch und Arbeitsbuch auch als preislich attraktives Set in der Deluxe-Edition erhältlich Der "Vollhardt/Schore" ist der Schlüssel zum Erfolg - nicht nur für Chemiestudenten, sondern auch für Biochemiker, Pharmazeuten, Biologen und Mediziner. Trade Review"Dies ist eine sorgfältig überarbeitete Version des Lehrbuchklassikers. Die Stoffauswahl ist weiterhin sehr gut und der Umfang ist für die Grundausbildung angemessen.." Prof. Dr. Heiko Ihmels, Universität Siegen "Ein hervorragendes Lehrbuch für die Ausbildung von Chemikern im Bachelor- und Masterstudium.." Prof. Dr. Falk Richter, Hochschule Mittweida "methodisch und didaktisch vorbildlich aufgebaut" Praxis der Naturwissenschaften - Chemie in der Schule "ein Klassiker" Lebensmittelchemiker-Mitteilungen "Es macht einfach Spaß, 'mit' dem Buch zu arbeiten." ErnährungsUmschau / DLR - Deutsche Lebensmittelrundschau "...ist zu begrüßen, dass mit diesem Werk nicht nur ein hervorragendes Lehrbuch entstanden ist, sondern auch ein äußerst empfehlenswertes Nachschlagewerk... Hervorragend ist es gelungen, nicht nur ein einfaches Antwortbuch vorzulegen, sondern auch einen guten Leitfaden zum selbständigen Lösen zu bieten." Metall "...kann uneingeschränkt Studenten mit dem Hauptfach Chemie empfohlen werden, und es wird sie sicher durchs Vordiplom geleiten. Die Verständlichkeit, Leichtigkeit und Übersichtlichkeit, mit der der Lehrstoff im "Vollhardt" aufgearbeitet wurde, macht die behandelten Themen aber auch für Nebenfachstudenten oder interessierte Schüler zugänglich. Somit kann der "Vollhardt" einen Lernenden über Jahre hinweg in verschiedenen Ausbildungstufen begleiten, was dann den gerechtfertigten, aber trotzdem nicht niedrigen Preis auch leichter "vedaulich" macht." Wissenschaft-Online "Insgesamt ist dieses Lehrbuch sehr empfehlenswert für Studenten der Chemie, Pharmazie und ähnlichen Fachrichtungen."Sanacorp "In einzigartiger Manier präsentieren die Autoren leicht verständlich und gut nachvollziehbar Struktur, Eigenschaften und Reaktivitäten der bedeutendsten organischen Stoffgruppen sowie spektroskopischer Analysenmethoden." BioTec "...sorgfältig überarbeitet und korrigiert und unterstützt bei der gezielten Prüfungsvorbereitung." LaborPraxis "Dieses Buch wird Chemielehrern, Studierenden der Chemie und Schülern, die beabsichtigen Chemie zu studieren, wärmstens empfohlen...Gratulation an die Herausgeber und Übersetzer!" Praxis der Naturwissenschaften - Chemie in der Schule "Auf jeden Fall ein empfehlenswertes Buch..." Erstizeitung '06, FB Biologie / Chemie, Univ. Bremen "Ich bin vom Vollhard absolut begeistert. Er deckt den Vorlesungsstoff sehr gut ab und eignet sich ausgezeichnet zum Nacharbeiten der behandelten Kapitel. Des weiteren war er mir bei der Bearbeitung der Übungsaufgaben zu den Tutoraten ausgesprochen hilfreich. Sehr interessant finde ich die Exkurse. Weitere Pluspunkte gibt es auch bei der ausführlichen Beschriftung der besprochenen Stoffe, der verständlichen Darstellungen und auf jeden Fall für die Zusammenfassungen der wichtigen Konzepte am Ende der Kapitel. Auch die Verständnisübungen sind sehr hilfreich! Ich werde dieses Buch also unbedingt weiter empfehlen und weiß auch von verschiedenen Kommilitonen, dass sie sehr gerne mit dem Vollhard arbeiten." Kristin Lichtenfeld, Fachschaft Biologie Uni Freiburg "Für den ersten Einstieg in die organischen Stoffklassen ist der Vollhardt ein gutes Buch. Viele finden es zu wenig kompakt und dick, aber gerade deswegen ist es so lesbar. Auch dieses Buch werdet Ihr nach dem Vordiplom nur noch selten aufschlagen." Bücherliste Fachschaft Chemie Uni Heidelberg Table of ContentsKapitel 1 Struktur und Bindung organischer Moleküle 1 Kapitel 2 Struktur und Reaktivitat: Sauren und Basen, polare und unpolare Moleküle 23 Kapitel 3 Die Reaktionen der Alkane 41 Kapitel 4 Cycloalkane 59 Kapitel 5 Stereoisomere 79 Kapitel 6 Eigenschaften und Reaktionen der Halogenalkane 101 Kapitel 7 Weitere Reaktionen der Halogenalkane 117 Kapitel 8 Die Hydroxygruppe: Alkohole 139 Kapitel 9 Weitere Reaktionen der Alkohole und die Chemie der Ether 155 Kapitel 10 NMR-Spektroskopie zur Strukturaufklarung 179 Kapitel 11 Alkene: Infrarot-Spektroskopie und Massenspektrometrie 203 Kapitel 12 Die Reaktionen der Alkene 225 Kapitel 13 Alkine 251 Kapitel 14 Delokalisierte π-Systeme und ihre Untersuchung durch UV-VIS-Spektroskopie 263 Kapitel 15 Benzol und Aromatizitat 283 Kapitel 16 Elektrophiler Angriff auf Benzolderivate 299 Kapitel 17 Aldehyde und Ketone 315 Kapitel 18 Enole, Enolate und die Aldolkondensation 335 Kapitel 19 Carbonsauren 357 Kapitel 20 Carbonsaurederivate 371 Kapitel 21 Amine und ihre Derivate 387 Kapitel 22 Chemie der Substituenten am Benzolring 405 Kapitel 23 Esterenolate und die Claisen-Kondensation 427 Kapitel 24 Kohlenhydrate 441 Kapitel 25 Heterocyclen 457 Kapitel 26 Aminosauren, Peptide und Proteine 475
£31.46
Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Organic Chemistry Deluxe Edition: Theory,
Book SynopsisThe know-how about reactivity, reaction mechanisms, thermodynamics and other basics in physical organic chemistry is the key for successful organic reactions. This textbook with its workbook presents comprehensively this knowledge to the student and to the researcher, too.Table of ContentsPreface Equilibria and Thermochemistry Additivity Rules for Thermodynamic Parameters and Deviations The Rates of Chemical Reactions Molecular Orbital Theories Pericyclic Reactions Organic Photochemistry Catalytic Reactions
£101.56
Wiley VCH Mechanically Interlocked Materials Polymers
Book Synopsis
£106.25
Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Calibration in Analytical Science: Methods and
Book SynopsisCalibration in Analytical Science Designed to help analytical chemists save time and money by selecting the best calibration method in a quality control, substance monitoring, or research setting Univariate analytical calibration is a vital step in every chemical procedure that involves determining the identity or concentration of a particular substance. Depending on the type of instrument and measurement, analytical chemists need to follow different calibration strategies and protocols to ensure their instruments yield accurate readings. Calibration in Analytical Science systematically classifies and describes a wide range of calibration methods and procedures based on mathematical and empirical models for use in qualitative and quantitative analysis. Focusing on the chemical aspects of analytical calibration, this much-needed reference uses a set of equipment-independent terms and definitions that are easily transferable to the calibration strategies of any analytical process. The theoretical basis for calibration of each analytical mode is described and applied to common analytical tasks of increasing levels of difficulty and complexity. Throughout the book, the author illustrates how to combine different calibration approaches to create new calibration strategies with extended capabilities. Describes different calibration methods and procedures for determining the nature and quantity of sample components in different ways Classifies various calibration methods in both qualitative and quantitative analysis Demonstrates how the random and systematic errors of an analytical method can be minimized by the proper calibration strategy Discusses current theoretical and methodological questions in calibration research Highlights how calibration approaches can diagnose, evaluate, and eliminate analytical errors Includes a concluding chapter on the contribution of calibration to the greening of analytical chemistry Calibration in Analytical Science: Methods and Procedures is a must-have reference for analytical chemists working in academia and industry, chemists of various specialties involved in chemical analysis, and advanced undergraduate and graduate students taking courses in advanced analytical chemistry.Table of ContentsPreface ix 1 Calibration Fundamentals 1 1.1 Analytical Context 1 1.2 Principles of Analytical Calibration 2 1.3 Calibration Standards and Models 5 1.4 Calibration Procedures and Methods 7 1.5 Calibration in the Context of Measurement Errors 8 1.5.1 Uncontrolled Analytical Effects 9 1.5.2 Elimination and Compensation of Uncontrolled Effects 11 1.6 Calibration in Qualitative Analysis 14 1.7 Calibration in Quantitative Analysis 18 1.8 General Rules for Correct Calibration 22 References 24 2 “Calibration-Free” Analysis 25 2.1 Novel Approach 25 2.2 Empirical Calibration 26 2.3 Theoretical Calibration 30 2.3.1 Fixed Models 30 2.3.2 Flexible Models 36 References 45 3 Calibration Methods in Qualitative Analysis 47 3.1 Classification 47 3.2 External Calibration Methods 49 3.2.1 External Standard Method 49 3.2.2 Reference Sample Method 59 3.3 Internal Calibration Methods 71 3.3.1 Internal Standard Method 71 3.3.2 Indirect Method 75 3.4 Standard Addition Method 80 References 83 4 Introduction to Empirical Calibration in Quantitative Analysis 85 4.1 Classification 85 4.2 Formulation of Model Functions 86 4.3 Examination of Interference Effect 93 4.4 Mathematical Modeling of Real Function 98 References 100 5 Comparative Calibration Methods 103 5.1 External Calibration Methods 103 5.1.1 External Standard Method 103 5.1.1.1 Modified Procedures 110 5.1.2 Dilution Method 115 5.2 Internal Calibration Methods 125 5.2.1 Internal Standard Method 125 5.2.2 Indirect Method 133 References 141 6 Additive Calibration Methods 143 6.1 Basic Aspects 143 6.2 Standard Addition Method 144 6.2.1 Extrapolative Variant 144 6.2.1.1 Modified Procedures 155 6.2.2 Interpolative Variants 162 6.2.3 Indicative Variant 167 6.3 Titration 172 6.4 Isotope Dilution Method 180 6.4.1 Radiometric Isotope Dilution 182 6.4.2 Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry 189 6.4.2.1 Modified Procedures 197 References 199 7 Calibration in Nonequilibrium Conditions 203 7.1 Flow Injection Analysis 203 7.1.1 Manipulation Techniques 205 7.1.2 Gradient Technique 212 7.2 Kinetic Analysis 220 References 231 8 Complex Calibration Approaches 233 8.1 Extrapolative Methods 233 8.1.1 Extrapolative Indirect Method 234 8.1.2 Extrapolative Internal Standard Method 239 8.1.3 Extrapolative Dilution Method 244 8.2 Mixed Methods 252 8.3 Combined Methods 256 8.3.1 Integrated Calibration Methods 256 8.3.1.1 Simple Integrated Method 256 8.3.1.2 Complementary Dilution Method 261 8.3.2 Generalized Calibration Strategy 270 8.3.2.1 Versatile Flow Injection Calibration Module 276 8.3.3 Standard Dilution Analysis 280 References 286 9 Calibration Approaches for Detection and Examination of Interference Effects 289 9.1 Introduction 289 9.2 Simple Procedures for Detection and Examination of Interference Effects 290 9.3 Detection and Compensation of Additive Interference Effect 295 9.3.1 Interpolative Procedure 297 9.3.2 Extrapolative Procedure 301 9.3.3 Integrated Procedure 308 References 311 10 Calibration-Based Procedures for Correction of Preparative Effects 313 10.1 Introduction 313 10.2 Specific Procedures 314 10.3 Surrogate Recovery Method 316 10.3.1 Reliability of the Method 318 10.3.2 Interpretations of the Method 321 10.3.3 Recovery vs. Interference Effect 324 10.3.4 Recovery vs. Speciation Effect 329 References 333 11 Calibration-Related Applications of Experimental Plans 335 11.1 Introduction 335 11.2 Examination of Interference Effects 337 11.3 Modeling of Real Functions 342 11.4 Multicomponent Analysis 347 References 356 12 Final Remarks 359 References 365 Index 367
£110.50
Wiley VCH Nanomedicine Fundamentals Synthesis and
Book SynopsisA comprehensive and multidisciplinary guide to nanomaterials-based medicine Nanomedicine is the study and application of nanomaterials-based medical techniques. In recent years it has very rapidly become indispensable in a huge range of medical contexts, from analysis of extreme life events to diagnosis and treatment of life-threatening intractable diseases, such as cancers and cardiovascular diseases. It has already transformed both research and clinical outcomes in many areas of medicine and promises to continue as the cutting-edge research and clinical area for the next generation of medical specialists. Nanomedicine: Fundamentals, Synthesis, and Applications constitutes a comprehensive guide to this subfield and its recent advances. Beginning with a brief history of the field and introduction to its core principles, it thoroughly treats recent developments in this vital and ever-growing field. Its multidisciplinary approach equips the reader with a systematic overview of these life-saving developments in medicine. Nanomedicine readers will also find: Edited by a leading researcher with decades of experience in both North America and China Detailed treatment of subjects including nanocarriers, nanomaterial bioprobes, multi-function nanodrugs, nanomedicine-mediated immunotherapy and/or physical ablation, and more A comprehensive volume treats every facet of the subject Nanomedicine is a vital resource for biochemists, biomedical engineers, pharmaceutical chemists, physicists, and professionals in the biotechnological industries, as well as for clinicians looking to familiarize themselves with nanomedical techniques and instrumentation.
£106.25
Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Supramolecular Catalysis: New Directions and
Book SynopsisSupramolecular Catalysis Provides a timely and detailed overview of the expanding field of supramolecular catalysis The subdiscpline of supramolecular catalysis has expanded in recent years, benefiting from the development of homogeneous catalysis and supramolecular chemistry. Supramolecular catalysis allows chemists to design custom-tailored metal and organic catalysts by devising non-covalent interactions between the various components of the reaction. Edited by two world-renowned researchers, Supramolecular Catalysis: New Directions and Developments summarizes the most significant developments in the dynamic, interdisciplinary field. Contributions from an international panel of more than forty experts address a broad range of topics covering both organic and metal catalysts, including emergent catalysis by self-replicating molecules, switchable catalysis using allosteric effects, supramolecular helical catalysts, and transition metal catalysis in confined spaces. This authoritative and up-to-date volume: Covers ligand-ligand interactions, assembled multi-component catalysts, ligand-substrate interactions, and supramolecular organocatalysis and non-classical interactions Presents recent work on supramolecular catalysis in water, supramolecular allosteric catalysis, and catalysis promoted by discrete cages, capsules, and other confined environments Highlights current research trends and discusses the future of supramolecular catalysis Includes full references and numerous figures, tables, and color illustrations Supramolecular Catalysis: New Directions and Developments is essential reading for catalytic chemists, complex chemists, biochemists, polymer chemists, spectroscopists, and chemists working with organometallics.Table of ContentsPreface xix Supramolecular Catalysis: An Introduction xxi Part I Ligand–Ligand Interactions 1 1 Supramolecular Construction of Bidentate Ligands Through Self-assembly by Hydrogen Bonding 3 Felix Bauer and Bernhard Breit 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Formation of Bidentate Ligands Through Self-assembly via Hydrogen Bonding and Application in Hydroformylation 5 1.3 Asymmetric Hydrogenation 13 1.4 Other Catalytic Applications 17 1.5 Concluding Remarks 21 References 22 2 Self-Assembled Bidentate Ligands in Transition Metal Catalysis; From Fundamental Invention to Commercial Application 27 Alexander M. Kluwer, Xavier Caumes, and Joost N. H. Reek 2.1 Introduction 27 2.2 Metal–Ligand Interactions, the SUPRAphos Library 28 2.3 Supramolecular Bidentate Ligands Based on Hydrogen Bonds, a Toolbox for Evolutionary Catalyst Design 30 2.4 Formation of Supramolecular Pincer-Type Complexes 34 2.5 From a Supramolecular Bidentate Ligand to a Catalyst with Substrate Pre-organization 36 2.6 Outlook 37 References 38 Part II Self-assembled Nanostructures and Multi-component Assemblies 41 3 Assembled Ionic Molecular Catalysts and Ligands 43 Kohsuke Ohmatsu, Daisuke Uraguchi, and Takashi Ooi 3.1 Introduction 43 3.2 Concept of Ion-Paired Chiral Ligand 44 3.4 Conclusion 51 References 51 4 Self-amplification of Enantioselectivity in Asymmetric Catalysis by Supramolecular Recognition and Stereodynamics 55 Oliver Trapp 4.1 Introduction 55 4.2 Design of an Enantioselective Self-amplifying Catalyst Based on Noncovalent Product–Catalyst Interactions 57 4.3 The Stereodynamics of the Ligand Core 57 4.4 Design of Product–Catalyst Adducts and Catalyst Synthesis 59 4.5 Noncovalent Interaction Studies via NMR Spectroscopy 61 4.6 Self-amplifying Hydrogenation of 3,5-DNB-ΔAla-OEt 63 4.7 Concluding Remarks 64 Acknowledgments 64 References 64 5 Interlocked Molecules in Enantioselective Catalysis 69 Carel Kwamen and Jochen Niemeyer 5.1 Introduction 69 5.2 Rotaxanes in Enantioselective Catalysis 70 5.3 Catenanes in Enantioselective Catalysis 75 5.4 Molecular Knots in Enantioselective Catalysis 77 5.5 Conclusion 78 References 78 6 Catalytic Supramolecular Gels 81 Beatriu Escuder 6.1 Introduction 81 6.2 Catalytic LMWGs 82 6.3 LMWGs in Organocatalysis 82 6.4 LMWGs in Metallocatalysis 86 6.5 Multicomponent Supramolecular Materials Involving Catalytic LMWGs 87 6.6 Concluding Remarks 89 Acknowledgments 90 References 90 7 Supramolecular Helical Catalysts 93 Laurent Bouteiller and Matthieu Raynal 7.1 Introduction 93 7.2 Concept: Induction of Chirality to Metal Centers Connected to Supramolecular Helices 94 7.3 Amplification of Chirality in Two-Component Supramolecular Helical Catalysts 97 7.4 Amplification of Chirality in Three-Component Helical Catalysts 98 7.5 Switchable Asymmetric Catalysis by Reversible Assembly of Helical Catalysts 100 7.6 Dual Stereocontrol of an Asymmetric Reaction by Switchable Helical Catalysts 101 7.7 Concluding Remarks 103 Acknowledgments 104 References 104 8 Self-Assembled Multi-Component Supramolecular Catalysts for Asymmetric Reactions 107 Guanghui Ouyang, Jian Jiang, and Minghua Liu References 114 Part III Ligand–Substrate Interactions 117 9 Harnessing Ligand–Substrate Non-covalent Interactions for Control of Site-Selectivity in Transition Metal-Catalyzed C–H Activation and Cross-Coupling 119 Robert J. Phipps 9.1 Introduction 119 9.2 C–H Borylation 120 9.3 Cross-Coupling 126 9.4 Concluding Remarks 128 Acknowledgments 129 References 129 10 Supramolecular Interactions in Distal C–H Activation of (Hetero)arenes 133 Jyoti P. Biswas and Debabrata Maiti 10.1 Introduction 133 10.2 Distal C–H Activation of Arenes 133 10.3 Distal C–H Activation of Heterocycles 137 10.4 Conclusion 141 Acknowledgments 141 References 141 11 Transition-Metal-Catalyzed, Site- and Enantioselective Oxygen and Nitrogen Transfer Enabled by Lactam Hydrogen Bonds 145 Finn Burg and Thorsten Bach 11.1 Chiral Lactams as Hydrogen Bonding Sites for Enantioselective Catalysis 145 11.2 Enantioselective Addition to Olefins 147 11.3 Enantioselective C(sp 3)–H Functionalization 150 11.4 Enantioselective Oxidation of Sulfur Centers 156 11.5 Concluding Remarks 157 Acknowledgments 158 References 158 12 Supramolecular Substrate Orientation as Strategy to Control Selectivity in Transition Metal Catalysis 161 Joost N.H. Reek and Bas de Bruin 12.1 Introduction 161 12.2 Asymmetric Hydrogenation 161 12.3 Substrate Orientation in Hydroformylation Catalysis 164 12.4 Substrate Orientation in C—H Borylation 168 12.5 Second Coordination Sphere Control in Enantioselective Cobalt-catalyzed Carbene and Nitrene Transfer Reactions 170 References 174 13 Phosphine Ligands with Acylguanidinium Groups as Substrate-directing Unit 179 Felix Bauer and Bernhard Breit 13.1 Introduction 179 13.2 Hydroformylation of Alkenoic and Alkynoic Acids 179 13.3 Aldehyde Reduction and Tandem Hydroformylation–Hydrogenation 188 13.4 Concluding Remarks 197 References 198 14 Chemical Reactions Controlled By Remote Zn···N Interactions Between Substrates and Catalysts 201 Jonathan Trouvé and Rafael Gramage-Doria 14.1 Introduction 201 14.2 Organic Reactions 202 14.3 Transition Metal Catalysis 204 14.4 Conclusion 207 Acknowledgments 207 References 207 Part IV Catalysis Promoted by Discrete Cages, Capsules, and other Confined Environments 211 15 Artificial Enzymes Created Through Molecular Imprinting of Cross-Linked Micelles 213 Yan Zhao 15.1 Introduction 213 15.2 Surface-Cross-Linked Micelles (SCMs) 213 15.3 Molecularly Imprinted Nanoparticles (MINPs) via Double Cross-Linking of Micelles 215 15.4 MINP-Based Artificial Esterase 217 15.5 MINP-Based Artificial Glycosidase 219 15.6 MINP-Based Artificial Enzymes for Asymmetric Catalysis and Tandem Catalysis 223 15.7 Concluding Remarks 225 Acknowledgments 226 References 226 16 Bioinspired Catalysis Using Innately Polarized Pd 2 L 4 Coordination Cages 229 Paul J. Lusby 16.1 Introduction 229 16.2 A Coordination-Cage Host–Guest Method Based on Polar Interactions 229 16.3 From Guest Binding to Catalysis; an Artificial “Diels–Alderase” 231 16.4 Base-Free Michael Addition Catalysis 235 16.5 Turning Cage-Catalysis Inside Out 238 16.6 Concluding Remarks 239 Acknowledgments 239 References 239 17 Supramolecular Catalysis with a Cubic Coordination Cage: Contributions from Cavity and External-Surface Binding 241 ChristopherG.P.TaylorandMichaelD.Ward 17.1 Introduction: The Host Cage and Its Structure 241 17.2 Binding of Organic Guests in the Central Cavity in Water 242 17.3 Surface Binding of Anions 244 17.4 The Paradigm: Catalysis of the Kemp Elimination 245 17.5 Effects of Anion Accumulation Around the Surface: Autocatalysis 247 17.6 Catalysis with Noncavity-Bound Guests: Phosphate Ester Hydrolysis and an Aldol Condensation 249 17.7 Conclusion 251 Acknowledgments 252 References 252 18 Transition Metal Catalysis in Confined Spaces 255 Joost N.H. Reek and Sonja Pullen 18.1 Introduction 255 18.2 Template Ligand Strategies for Encapsulation of Transition Metal Catalysts 255 18.3 Catalyst Encapsulation Strategies for Solar Fuel-Related Reactions 258 18.4 Concluding Remarks and Outlook 268 References 268 19 Catalysis by Metal–Organic Cages: A Computational Perspective 271 Giuseppe Sciortino, Gantulga Norjmaa, Jean Didier Maréchal, and Gregori Ujaque 19.1 Introduction 271 19.2 Looking for a Robust Computational Framework to Study MOCs 272 19.3 Applications of Modeling to Confined Catalysis 274 19.4 Future Directions 281 References 281 20 N-heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)-Capped Cyclodextrins for Cavity-Controlled Catalysis 287 Sylvain Roland and Matthieu Sollogoub 20.1 Introduction: NHC-Capped Cyclodextrin Metal Complexes 287 20.2 Orientation of Cyclization Reactions – Five vs. Six-Membered Cycle 289 20.3 Control of Regioselectivity 291 20.4 Control of Enantioselectivity by the CD Chiral Cavity 293 20.5 Substrate Selectivity 296 20.6 Protection of Metal Centers and Promotion of Reactive Species 297 20.7 Concluding Remarks 299 Acknowledgments 299 References 299 21 Supramolecular Catalysis by Metallohosts Based on Glycoluril 303 Jeroen P.J. Bruekers, Johannes A.A.W. Elemans, and Roeland J.M. Nolte 21.1 Introduction 303 21.2 Rhodium-Based Catalytic Baskets 304 21.3 Copper-Based Catalytic Baskets 306 21.4 Porphyrin Cage Catalysts 307 21.4.1 Epoxidation of Low-Molecular-Weight Alkenes 307 21.4.2 Epoxidation of Polymeric Alkenes 311 21.4.3 Carbenoid Transfer Reactions with α-Diazoesters 315 21.5 Outlook 316 Acknowledgments 317 References 317 22 Catalysis Inside the Hexameric Resorcinarene Capsule: Toward Addressing Current Challenges in Synthetic Organic Chemistry 321 Leonidas-Dimitrios Syntrivanis and Konrad Tiefenbacher 22.1 Introduction 321 22.2 Background 321 22.3 Application to Terpene Cyclization 323 22.4 Elucidating the Prerequisites for Catalytic Activity Inside the Resorcinarene Capsule 328 22.5 Further Applications of Capsule I as Catalyst 329 22.6 Concluding Remarks 330 Acknowledgments 331 References 331 23 Supramolecular Organocatalysis Within the Nanospace of Resorcinarene Capsule 335 Carmine Gaeta, Carmen Talotta, Margherita De Rosa, Annunziata Soriente, Antonio Rescifina, and Placido Neri 23.1 Introduction 335 23.2 The Hexameric Resorcinarene Capsule 337 23.3 The Hexameric Capsule as H-bonding Organocatalyst 338 23.4 The Hexameric Capsule as Brønsted Acid Organocatalyst 339 23.5 Iminium Catalysis with a Coencapsulated Cocatalyst 341 23.6 Halogen-bond (XB) Catalysis with a Coencapsulated Cocatalyst 343 23.7 Concluding Remarks 343 Acknowledgment 344 References 344 24 Resorcin[4]arene Hexamer: From Nanocontainer to Nanocatalyst 347 Giorgio Strukul, Fabrizio Fabris, and Alessandro Scarso 24.1 Introduction 347 24.2 Resorcinarene Capsule as Nanoreactor 348 24.3 Resorcin[4]arene Capsule as Nanocatalyst 352 24.4 Concluding Remarks 357 Acknowledgments 358 References 358 Part V Supramolecular Organocatalysis and Non-classical Interactions 361 25 The Aryl-Pyrrolidine-tert-Leucine Motif as a New Privileged Chiral Scaffold: The Role of Noncovalent Stabilizing Interactions 363 Daniel A. Strassfeld and Eric N. Jacobsen 25.1 Introduction 363 25.2 Foundational Studies 364 25.3 Development of the Aryl-Pyrrolidino-tert-Leucine Catalyst Motif 366 25.4 Scope of Enantioselective Reactions and Mechanisms Promoted Effectively by Aryl-Pyrrolidine-tert-Leucine HBD Catalysts 368 25.5 Mechanisms of Enantioinduction by Aryl-Pyrrolidinetert-Leucino-H-Bond-Donor Catalysts: Case Studies 374 25.6 Concluding Remarks 380 Acknowledgments 381 References 382 26 Chiral Triazole Foldamers in Enantioselective Anion-Binding Catalysis 387 Alica C. Keuper and Olga García Mancheño 26.1 Introduction 387 26.2 Triazoles as Anion Receptors 387 26.3 Design of Foldamer Triazoles as Hydrogen Bond Donors for Anion-Binding Catalysis 388 26.4 Anion-Binding-Catalyzed Enantioselective Reissert-Type Reaction with Silylketene Acetals 389 26.5 Reaction with Different Nucleophiles 391 26.6 Nucleophilic Dearomatization of Pyrylium Derivatives 392 26.7 Folding and Cooperative Multi-Recognition Mechanism 393 26.8 Design of Catalytic Transformations Based on Anion-Template Strategies 394 26.9 Concluding Remarks 395 Acknowledgments 396 References 396 27 Supramolecular Catalysis via Organic Solids: Templates to Mechanochemistry to Cascades 401 Shweta P. Yelgaonkar and Leonard R. MacGillivray 27.1 Template Approach for [2+2] Photocycloadditions 401 27.2 State of Mechanochemistry 402 27.3 Organic Catalysis and Mechanochemistry 403 27.4 Cascade Reactions and Mechanochemistry 407 27.5 Concluding Remarks 409 Acknowledgments 409 References 409 28 Exploration of Halogen Bonding for the Catalysis of Organic Reactions 413 Revannath L. Sutar and Stefan M. Huber 28.1 Introduction 413 28.2 Halide Abstraction Reactions 415 28.3 Activation of Organic Functional Groups 418 28.4 Activation of a Metal–Halogen Bond 421 28.5 Conclusion 421 References 422 29 Chalcogen-Bonding Catalysis 427 Wei Wang and Yao Wang 29.1 Introduction 427 29.2 Challenges in Chalcogen-Bonding Catalysis 428 29.3 Discovery of Efficient Chalcogen-Bonding Catalysts 428 29.4 Chalcogen–Chalcogen Bonding Catalysis 431 29.5 Dual Chalcogen–Chalcogen Bonding Catalysis 433 29.6 Conclusion Remarks 436 Acknowledgments 437 References 437 30 Asymmetric Supramolecular Organocatalysis: The Fourth Pillar of Catalysis 441 Kengadarane Anebouselvy, Kodambahalli S. Shruthi, and Dhevalapally B. Ramachary 30.1 Introduction 441 30.2 Asymmetric Michael Additions 442 30.3 Concluding Remarks 448 Acknowledgments 448 References 448 Part VI Supramolecular Catalysis in Water 451 31 Metal Catalysis in Micellar Media 453 Giorgio Strukul, Fabrizio Fabris, and Alessandro Scarso 31.1 Introduction 453 31.2 Oxidation Reactions 454 31.3 C—C and C—X Bond Forming Reactions 457 31.4 Metal Nanoparticles in Micellar Media 461 31.5 Catalyst Surfactant Interactions 463 Acknowledgments 465 References 465 32 Surfactant Assemblies as Nanoreactors for Organic Transformations 467 Margery Cortes-Clerget, Joseph R.A. Kincaid, Nnamdi Akporji, and Bruce H. Lipshutz 32.1 Introduction 467 32.2 Micellar Catalysis: Concepts 468 32.3 Ligand Design 471 32.4 The “Nano-to-Nano” Effect 475 32.5 Reservoir Effect 476 32.6 Access to Opportunities for Telescoping Sequences 478 32.7 Industrial Applications 481 32.8 Conclusions 483 References 484 33 Compartmentalized Polymers for Catalysis in Aqueous Media 489 Fabian Eisenreich and Anja R.A. Palmans 33.1 Introduction 489 33.2 Folding a Polymer Chain in Water into a Compact Structure 491 33.3 Polymer-Supported Ru(II) Catalysis in Water 495 33.4 Polymer-Supported Cu(I) and Pd(II) Catalysis in Water 496 33.5 Polymer-Supported Organocatalysis in Water 498 33.6 Polymer-Supported Photocatalysis in Water 500 33.7 Outlook and Conclusions 501 Acknowledgments 502 References 502 34 Phosphines Modified by Cyclodextrins for Supramolecular Catalysis in Water 507 Sébastien Tilloy and Eric Monflier 34.1 Introduction 507 34.2 Synthesis and Properties of CD-Phosphine 1 (CD-P-1) 508 34.3 Synthesis and Properties of CD-Phosphine 2 (CD-P-2) 510 34.4 Synthesis and Properties of CD-Phosphine 3 (CD-P-3) 512 34.5 Synthesis and Properties of CD-Phosphine 4 (CD-P-4) 513 34.6 Concluding Remarks 514 References 515 35 Water-Soluble Yoctoliter Reaction Flasks 519 Yahya A. Ismaiel and Bruce C. Gibb 35.1 Introduction 519 35.2 Deep-Cavity Cavitands 520 35.3 The Thermodynamic and Kinetic Features of the Capsular Complexes 520 35.4 Assembly State of OA 1 and TEMOA 2 and Guest Packing Motifs Within 521 35.5 Photochemistry 523 35.6 Thermal Reactions 528 35.7 Summary and Conclusions 533 Acknowledgments 533 References 533 36 Chemical Catalyst-Promoted Regioselective Histone Acylation 537 Yuki Yamanashi and Motomu Kanai 36.1 Introduction 537 36.2 Chemical Catalyst-Mediated Synthetic Epigenetics 537 36.3 Supramolecular Catalyst Strategy for Protein Modification 538 36.4 Supramolecular Catalyst Strategy for Histone Acetylation In Vitro 538 36.5 Catalyst-Promoted Selective Acylation Targeting Proteins in Living Cells 540 36.6 Chemical Catalyst-Promoted Regioselective Histone Acylation in Living Cells 543 36.7 Concluding Remarks 544 References 544 37 Protein–Substrate Supramolecular Interactions for the Shape-Selective Hydroformylation of Long-Chain α-Olefins 547 Peter J. Deuss and Amanda G. Jarvis 37.1 Introduction 547 37.2 Design of Protein Templates for Shape-Selective ArMs 551 37.3 Introduction of a Metal–Ligand Environment into SCP-2L 552 37.4 SCP-2L as a Catalytic Scaffold 553 37.5 Phosphine Modification of Proteins 554 37.6 Application in Biphasic Hydroformylation 555 37.7 Structural Studies on the Rhodium Hydroformylases 557 37.8 Concluding Remarks 558 Acknowledgments 558 References 559 38 Supramolecular Assembly of DNA- and Protein-Based Artificial Metalloenzymes 561 Gerard Roelfes 38.1 Introduction 561 38.2 DNA-Based Artificial Metalloenzymes 562 38.3 Protein-Based Artificial Metalloenzymes 564 38.4 Synergistic Catalysis with Artificial Metalloenzymes 567 38.5 In Vivo Assembly and Application of LmrR-Based Artificial Metalloenzymes 568 38.6 Conclusions 569 References 569 Part VII Supramolecular Allosteric Catalysts and Replicators 573 39 Switchable Catalysis Using Allosteric Effects 575 Michael Schmittel 39.1 Introduction 575 39.2 Allosteric Regulation at Zinc Porphyrin Stations by Catalyst Release 576 39.3 Allosteric Regulation of Catalysis at Copper(I) Sites 580 39.4 Dynamic Allosteric Regulation of Catalysis 583 39.5 The Future: From Allosteric Regulation of Catalysis in a Network to Smart and Autonomous Mixtures 585 39.6 Concluding Remarks 586 Acknowledgments 586 References 587 40 Supramolecularly Regulated Enantioselective Catalysts 591 Anton Vidal-Ferran 40.1 Introduction 591 40.2 Seminal Work 592 40.3 Supramolecular Regulation of a Preformed Enantioselective Catalyst 593 40.4 Supramolecular Regulation of a Prochiral Ligand or Catalyst 597 40.5 Concluding Remarks 600 Acknowledgments 601 References 601 41 Emergent Catalysis by Self-Replicating Molecules 605 Kai Liu, Jim Ottelé, and Sijbren Otto 41.1 Introduction 605 41.2 Implementation of Organocatalysis in Self-Replicating Systems 607 41.3 The Implementation of Photocatalysis in Self-Replicating Systems 610 41.4 Conclusions and Outlook 612 References 612 Index 615
£154.66
Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Energy Storage Materials Characterization Volumes
Book SynopsisComprehensive summary of the properties and performance of experimental analytical techniques for a wide range of electrochemical energy storage materials Energy Storage Materials Characterization summarizes the basic methods used to determine the properties and performance of energy storage materials and details a wide range of techniques used in electrochemical testing, including X-ray, neutron, optical, microwave, electron, and scanning probe techniques. Representative examples of each technique are presented to illustrate their powerful capabilities and offer a general strategy for future development of the original techniques. Preceding the main text, a helpful introduction covers topics including the overall energy consumption structure of the modern world, various existing forms of energy and electrochemical energy storage, known problems with energy storage materials such as lithium-ion batteries, and specifics of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Written by two highly qualified academics with significant research experience in the field, Energy Storage Materials Characterization includes information such as: Photoemission spectroscopy, X-ray pair distribution function to investigate battery systems, and cryo-electron microscopy X-ray diffraction, absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence and tomography microscopy, and neutron scattering, depth profile, and imaging UV-Vis spectroscopy for energy storage and related materials, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and optical microscopy Structural and chemical characterization of alkali-ion battery materials using electron energy-loss spectroscopy coupled with transmission electron microscopy Energy Storage Materials Characterization is an essential up-to-date reference on the subject for chemists and materials scientists involved in research related to improving electrochemical energy storage systems for superior battery performance.
£252.41
Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Biopolymers for Water Purification
Book SynopsisUnderstand the future of water treatment with this groundbreaking introduction There are few more requirements for human life more vital than clean water. Increasingly, however, both developed and developing countries are facing significant challenges to the maintenance of clean water sources, with population growth, industrial pollution, hazardous water contamination, and climate impact all taking a toll. With conventional methods of water purification proving less and less satisfactory, attention is increasingly turning to biopolymers extracted from natural sources, such as cellulose and chitosan, for their potential as renewable water treatment agents. Biopolymers for Water Purification provides an overview of this growing field of study and its recent developments. It covers key techniques for synthesizing and modifying biopolymers, as well as their roles in treating water pollution and meeting targeted water quality requirements. The result is a detailed, comprehensive introduction to this field with potentially immense ramifications for long-term human life. It is the first book solely dedicated to the engineering of biopolymer-based membranes for water purification and promises to become a landmark in the field. Biopolymers for Water Purification readers will also find: Detailed treatment of important polymers including chitin, glycogen, kerating, and moreDiscussion of ongoing challenges and directions for future researchIntroduction to the history and characterization of biopolymersBiopolymers for Water Purification is a useful reference for polymer chemists, water chemists, materials scientists, engineering scientists, and advanced postgraduate researchers in any of these or related fields.
£126.00
Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Efficiently Studying Organic Chemistry: Exam
Book SynopsisEfficiently Studying Organic Chemistry Complete yet concise learning resource for organic chemistry exam training Based on the author’s extensive teaching experience, this unique textbook comprises the essentials of organic chemistry in 86 chapters as concise, self-contained units of study. Each chapter, visually presented as one or two double pages, includes questions to allow for immediate and effective self-examination. Answers are summarized in the appendix. Topics covered within the book include: Basic concepts (atomic and molecular orbitals, covalent bonding, hybridization, resonance, aromaticity) Molecular structure (atom connectivity, skeletal isomerism, conformation, configuration, chirality) The classes of organic compounds including natural products, polymers, and biopolymers Types, mechanisms, selectivity, and specificity of organic reactions Molecular structure elucidation (mass spectrometry, UV and visible light absorption, IR and NMR spectroscopy) Planning organic syntheses The perfect fit for bachelor and master students alike, this book is an all-in-one resource for efficiently studying and passing organic chemistry exams.Table of ContentsContents 1 Preface 6 Organic Chemistry 7 1 Atomic Orbitals, Electronic Configurations 8 2 Covalent Bonding 10 3 Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals 12 4 Covalent Carbon-Carbon Bonding 14 5 Alkanes 16 6 Skeletal Structure, Structural Isomerism 18 7 Basic Rules of Nomenclature 20 8 Drawing Molecular Structures 22 9 Conformation 24 10 Reactive Intermediates 26 11 Basic Types of Organic Reactions 28 12 Energy Turnover of Chemical Reactions 30 13 Radical Substitution 32 14 Alkenes, Skeletal and Configurational Isomers 34 15 Synthesis of Alkenes 36 16 Additions to Alkenes 40 17 Dienes 44 18 Additions and Cycloadditions with 1,3-Dienes 46 19 Alkynes 48 20 Cycloalkanes 52 21 Basic Syntheses of Cycloalkanes and Cycloalkenes 56 22 Reactions of Cycloalkanes and Cycloalkenes 58 23 Benzene, Aromaticity, Aromatic Compounds 60 24 Benzenoid Aromatic Compounds 62 25 Electrophilic Substitution of Benzene 64 26 Electrophilic Second Substitution of Benzenes 66 27 Other Reactions of Benzenoid Aromatics 68 28 Polycyclic Benzenoid Aromatic Compounds 70 29 Non-benzenoid Aromatic Compounds 74 30 Alkyl Halides 76 31 Mechanisms of Nucleophilic Substitution 80 32 Organometal Compounds 82 33 Alcohols 84 34 Diols, Triols 88 35 Reactions of Alcohols 90 36 Dehydration of Alcohols 92 37 Ethers 94 38 Amines 96 39 Reactions of Amines 98 40 Diazo and Azo Compounds 102 41 Carboxylic Acids 106 42 Carboxylic Acid Derivatives 110 43 Substituted Carboxylic Acids 114 44 Absolute Configuration 118 45 Enantiomers without Carbon as Stereogenic Center 122 46 Diastereomers 124 47 Aldehydes 126 48 Ketones 130 49 Carbonyl Reactions 132 50 CH Acidity of Carbonyl Compounds 136 51 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds 138 52 Phenols 142 53 Quinones 146 54 Organosulfur Compounds 150 55 Carbonic Acid Derivatives 154 56 Heterocumulenes 158 57 Rearrangements 160 58 Polymers, Polymerization 164 59 Syntheses with Organosilicon Compounds 168 60 Heteroalicycles 170 61 Five-Membered Aromatic Heterocycles 174 62 Six-Membered Aromatic Heterocycles 178 63 Benzo-Fused Five-Membered Heteroaromatics 182 64 Benzo-Fused Six-Membered Heteroaromatics 186 65 Fused Aromatic Heterocycles 190 66 Absorption of Light, Color, Dyes 194 67 Porphyrinoids 198 68 Amino Acids 200 69 Peptides, Proteins 202 70 Alkaloids 206 71 Carbohydrates: Aldoses and Ketoses 208 72 Carbohydrates: Oligo- and Polysaccharides 212 73 Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA 214 74 Lipids 216 75 Polyketides 218 76 Terpenes 220 77 Steroids 224 78 Selectivity and Specificity of Organic Reactions 226 79 Prochirality, Enantioselectivity 230 80 Planning Organic Syntheses 232 81 Aspects of Molecular Structure 236 82 Mass Spectrometry 238 83 Infrared Spectroscopy 240 84 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: Proton NMR 242 85 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: Carbon-13 NMR 246 86 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: Two-Dimensional NMR 248 Working on Questions 250 Subject Index 295 Periodic Table of the Elements 314 Selected Reference Sources 316
£36.86
Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Two-Dimensional Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides:
Book SynopsisTwo-Dimensional Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides Comprehensive resource covering rapid scientific and technological development of polymorphic two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (2D-TMDs) over a range of disciplines and applications Two-Dimensional Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides: Phase Engineering and Applications in Electronics and Optoelectronics provides a discussion on the history of phase engineering in 2D-TMDs as well as an in-depth treatment on the structural and electronic properties of 2D-TMDs in their respective polymorphic structures. The text addresses different forms of in-situ synthesis, phase transformation, and characterization methods for 2D-TMD materials and provides a comprehensive treatment of both the theoretical and experimental studies that have been conducted on 2D-TMDs in their respective phases. Two-Dimensional Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides includes further information on: Thermoelectric, fundamental spin-orbit structures, Weyl semi-metallic, and superconductive and related ferromagnetic properties that 2D-TMD materials possess Existing and prospective applications of 2D-TMDs in the field of electronics and optoelectronics as well as clean energy, catalysis, and memristors Magnetism and spin structures of polymorphic 2D-TMDs and further considerations on the challenges confronting the utilization of TMD-based systems Recent progress of mechanical exfoliation and the application in the study of 2D materials and other modern opportunities for progress in the field Two-Dimensional Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides provides in-depth review introducing the electronic properties of two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides with updates to the phase engineering transition strategies and a diverse range of arising applications, making it an essential resource for scientists, chemists, physicists, and engineers across a wide range of disciplines.Table of ContentsPreface xi 1 Two-dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: A General Overview 1 Chi Sin Tang and Xinmao Yin 1.1 Introduction to 2D-TMDs 1 1.2 Crystal Structures of 2D-TMDs in Different Phases 2 1.2.1 Other Structural Phases 3 1.2.2 Phase Stability 4 1.3 Electronic Band Structures of 2D-TMDs 7 1.3.1 Electronic Band Structures of the 1H, 1T, and 1T ′ Phase 8 1.3.2 Indirect-to-Direct Bandgap Transition 11 1.3.3 Spin-Orbit Coupling and Its Effects and Optical Selection Rules 13 1.4 Excitons (Coulomb-Bound Electron-Hole Pairs) 15 1.4.1 Exciton Binding Energy 16 1.4.2 Excitons and Other Complex Quasiparticles 18 1.4.3 Resonant Excitons in 2D-TMDs 19 1.5 Experimental Studies and Characterization of 2D-TMDs 20 1.5.1 Synthesis of 2D-TMDs 21 1.5.1.1 Chemical Vapour Deposition 21 1.5.1.2 Molecular Beam Epitaxy 22 1.5.2 Optical Characterization 23 1.5.2.1 Photoluminescence 23 1.5.2.2 Spectroscopic Ellipsometry 25 1.5.2.3 Raman Characterization 29 1.5.3 Electronic Bandgap 35 1.5.3.1 Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy 35 1.5.3.2 Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy (STS) 37 1.5.4 Conclusions 40 References 40 2 Synthesis and Phase Engineering of Low-Dimensional TMDs and Related Material Structures 61 Bijun Tang, Jiefu Yang, and Zheng Liu 2.1 Introduction 61 2.2 Structure of 2D TMDs 62 2.3 Synthesis of 2D TMDs 64 2.3.1 Top-Down Method 65 2.3.2 Bottom-Up Method 66 2.4 Phase Engineering of 2D TMDs 66 2.4.1 Direct Synthesis of TMDs with Targeted Phases 68 2.4.1.1 Precursor Selection 68 2.4.1.2 Catalyst 70 2.4.1.3 Temperature Control 72 2.4.1.4 Alloying 74 2.4.2 External Factor-Induced Phase Transformation 79 2.4.2.1 Ion Intercalation 79 2.4.2.2 Thermal Treatment 81 2.5 Conclusion 82 References 83 3 Thermoelectric Properties of Polymorphic 2D-TMDs 87 H. K. Ng, Yunshan Zhao, Dongzhi Chi, and Jing Wu 3.1 Introduction to 2D Thermoelectrics 87 3.1.1 Why 2D over 3D? 88 3.1.2 Why 2D Semiconductors? 89 3.2 Thermoelectric Transport 89 3.2.1 Boltzmann Transport Equation 90 3.2.2 Scattering Parameter for Different Mechanism 92 3.2.2.1 Ionized/Charged Impurity Scattering 92 3.2.2.2 Phonons Scattering 93 3.2.2.3 Carrier–Carrier Scattering 94 3.2.2.4 Surface Roughness Scattering 95 3.3 Experimental Characterization TE in 2D 95 3.3.1 Electrical Measurements 95 3.3.1.1 FET Measurements 95 3.3.1.2 Hall Measurements 96 3.3.2 Seebeck Measurement 96 3.3.2.1 ΔT Calibration 97 3.3.2.2 V Tep Measurement 97 3.3.3 Thermal Conductivity 98 3.3.3.1 Raman Spectrometer 99 3.3.3.2 Tdtr (fdtr) 101 3.3.3.3 Thermal Bridge Method (Electron Beam Heating Technique) 102 3.3.3.4 Other Thermal Property Measurement Methods 104 3.4 Manipulation of TE Properties in 2D 106 3.4.1 Tuning of Carrier Concentration 107 3.4.2 Strain Engineering 107 3.4.3 Band Engineering 110 3.4.3.1 Layer Thickness and Band Convergence 110 3.4.4 Phase Transition 112 3.5 Future Outlook and Perspective 115 References 117 4 Emerging Electronic Properties of Polymorphic 2D-TMDs 127 Tong Yang, Zishen Wang, Jiaren Yuan, Jun Zhou, and Ming Yang 4.1 Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of 2D-TMDs 127 4.1.1 Electronic and Optical Properties of 1H-Phase 2D-TMDs 127 4.1.2 Electronic and Optical Properties of 1T-Phase 2D-TMDs 131 4.2 Polaron States of 2D-TMDs 133 4.2.1 Holstein Polarons in MoS 2 133 4.2.1.1 Experimental Characterizations of Holstein Polarons 133 4.2.1.2 Theoretical Simulations of the Spectral Functions 136 4.2.2 Asymmetric Intervalley Polaron Effects on Band Edges of 2D-TMDs 137 4.2.3 Polaron Effects on the Band Gap Size of 2D-TMDs 139 4.3 Valley Properties of 2D-TMDs 143 4.3.1 Circularly Polarized Light 147 4.3.2 External Field 148 4.3.3 Magnetic Metal Doping 148 4.3.4 Magnetic Substrate 149 4.4 Charge Density Waves of 2D-TMDs 151 4.4.1 Charge Density Waves in TMDs 151 4.4.2 Effects of CDW on Electronic Properties 154 4.4.3 Mechanisms in CDW Transitions 155 4.4.4 Manipulation of CDWs 158 4.5 Janus Structures of 2D-TMDs 159 4.5.1 Fabrication Approaches for Janus 2D TMDs 159 4.5.2 Emerging Properties of Janus 2D TMDs 160 4.5.3 Potential Applications of Janus 2D TMDs 160 4.6 Moiré Superlattices of 2D-TMDs 161 References 165 5 Magnetism and Spin Structures of Polymorphic 2D TMDs 181 Meizhuang Liu, Zuxin Chen, Jingbo Li, Yuli Huang, Kuan Eng Johnson Goh, and Andrew T. S. Wee 5.1 Two-dimensional Ferromagnetism 182 5.2 Cr-based Magnetic Materials and Device Applications 183 5.3 Polymorphic 2D Cr-based Magnetic TMDs 191 5.4 Magnetism in 2D Vanadium, Ion, Manganese Chalcogenides 200 5.5 Conclusions and Outlook 204 Acknowledgements 204 References 205 6 Recent Progress of Mechanical Exfoliation and the Application in the Study of 2D Materials 211 Yunyun Dai, Xinyu Huang, Xu Han, Jiangang Guo, Xiangfan Xu, Lei Wang, Luqi Liu, Ningning Song, Yeliang Wang, and Yuan Huang 6.1 Introduction 211 6.2 Different Ways for Preparing 2D Materials 213 6.2.1 Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) 213 6.2.2 Mechanical Exfoliation (ME) 213 6.3 New Mechanical Exfoliation Methods 214 6.3.1 Oxygen Plasma Enhanced Exfoliation 214 6.3.2 Gold Film Enhanced Exfoliation 218 6.4 Application of Mechanical Exfoliation Method 222 6.4.1 Electrical Properties and Devices 222 6.4.1.1 Screening of Disorders 223 6.4.1.2 Electrical Contacts of 2D Materials 225 6.4.2 Optical Properties and Photonic Devices 227 6.4.2.1 Photodetectors 227 6.4.2.2 Optical Modulators 228 6.4.2.3 Single Photon Emitters 228 6.4.3 Moiré Superlattice and Devices 230 6.4.3.1 Graphene/h-BN Moiré Superlattice 230 6.4.3.2 Twisted Graphene Moiré Superlattice 231 6.4.3.3 Twisted TMD Moiré Superlattice 231 6.4.4 Magnetic Properties and Memory Devices 232 6.4.4.1 Ferromagnetism in 2D Materials 235 6.4.4.2 Antiferromagnetism in 2D Materials 237 6.4.5 Thermal Conduction 240 6.4.6 Superconductors 244 6.4.6.1 2D Superconductors and Their Characteristics 244 6.4.6.2 Regulation Methods 247 6.5 Summary and Outlook 249 Acknowledgments 249 References 250 7 Applications of Polymorphic Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides in Electronics and Optoelectronics 267 Yao Yao, Siyuan Li, Jiajia Zha, Zhuangchai Lai, Qiyuan He, Chaoliang Tan, and Hua Zhang 7.1 Field-Effect Transistors (FETs) 268 7.1.1 Homojunction-based FETs Formed by Phase Transition 269 7.1.2 Homojunction-based FETs Formed by Direct Synthesis 270 7.2 Memory and Neuromorphic Computing 272 7.3 Energy Harvesting 275 7.4 Photodetectors 277 7.5 Solar Cells 282 7.6 Perspectives 284 References 285 8 Polymorphic Two-dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: Modern Challenges and Opportunities 293 Chi Sin Tang, Xinmao Yin, and Andrew T. S. Wee 8.1 Summing up the Chapters 293 8.2 Projecting the Future: Challenges and Opportunities 295 8.3 Global Challenges and Threats 296 8.3.1 Clean and Renewable Energy Sources 297 8.3.2 Water Treatment and Access to Clean Water 299 8.3.3 Healthcare and Pandemic Intervention 302 8.3.4 Food Safety and Security 305 8.3.4.1 Agricultural Production, Sustainability, Productivity, and Protection 306 8.3.4.2 Roles of 2D-TMDs in Food Packaging and Preservation 306 8.4 Exponential Growth in Demands for Modern Computation 307 8.4.1 Deep Learning and Artificial Intelligence 307 8.4.2 Internet of Things and Data Overload 308 8.5 Conclusion 312 References 312 Index 325
£106.25
Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Practical Guide to Materials Characterization:
Book SynopsisPractical Guide to Materials Characterization Practice-oriented resource providing a hands-on overview of the most relevant materials characterization techniques in chemistry, physics, engineering, and more Practical Guide to Materials Characterization focuses on the most widely used experimental approaches for structural, morphological, and spectroscopic characterization of materials, providing background, insights on the correct usage of the respective techniques, and the interpretation of the results. With a focus on practical applications, the work illustrates what to use and when, including real-life examples showing which characterization techniques are best suited for particular purposes. Furthermore, the work covers the practical elements of the analytical techniques used to characterize a wide range of functional materials (both in bulk as well as thin film form) in a simple but thorough manner. To aid in reader comprehension, Practical Guide to Materials Characterization is divided into eight distinct chapters. To set the stage, the first chapter of the book reviews the fundamentals of materials characterization that are necessary to understand and use the methods presented in the ensuing chapters. Among the techniques covered are X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray spectroscopy, electron microscopies, magnetic measurement techniques, infrared spectroscopy, and dielectric measurements. Specific sample topics covered in the remaining seven chapters include: Bragg’s Law, the Von Laue Treatment, Laue’s Equation, the Rotating Crystal Method, the Powder Method, orientation of single crystals, and structure of polycrystalline aggregates Classical theory of Raman scattering, quantum theory of Raman spectroscopy, high-pressure Raman spectroscopy, and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy Basic principles of XAS, energy referencing, XPS spectra and its features, Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES), and interaction of electrons with matter Magnetization measuring instruments, the SQUID magnetometer, and the advantages and disadvantages of vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) With comprehensive and in-depth coverage of the subject, Practical Guide to Materials Characterization is a key resource for practicing professionals who wish to better understand key concepts in the field and seamlessly harness them in a myriad of applications across many different industries.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Basics of Material Characterization Techniques 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Electromagnetic Spectrum and Characteristics 1.3 Production of different Radiations 1.4 Optical Properties 1.4.1 Reflection 1.4.2 Refraction 1.4.3 Absorption 1.4.4 Transmittance 1.4.5 Diffraction 1.4.6 Interference 1.4.7 Dispersion 1.5 Fundamentals of Crystallography 1.6 Molecular Motions and Vibration 1.7 Electron Imaging 1.8 Magnetism in Solids 1.8.1 Magnetic Terminology 1.8.2 Types of Magnetism 1.9 Dielectric Constant and Dielectric Loss: Definition References Chapter 2: X-Ray Diffraction 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Bragg's law 2.3 Von Laue Treatment: Laue's Equation 2.4 Experimental Techniques 2.5 Geometry and Instrumentation 2.6 Standard X-ray Diffraction Pattern 2.7 Applications References Chapter 3: Raman Spectroscopy 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Classical theory of Raman Scattering 3.3 Quantum theory of Raman Scattering 3.4 Raman Spectrometer 3.5 Special Techniques 3.6 Resonance Raman Scattering 3.7 Applications References Chapter 4: X-ray Spectroscopic Techniques 4.1 X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) 4.1.1 Introduction 4.1.2 Basic Principle of XAS 4.1.3 Experimental Aspects 4.1.4 Experimental Setup 4.1.5 Example and Analysis 4.2 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) 4.2.1 Introduction 4.2.2 Basic Principles 4.2.3 Energy Referencing 4.2.4 Instrumentation 4.2.5 XPS Spectra and its Features 4.2.6 Example and Analysis 4.3 Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) 4.3.1 Introduction 4.3.2 Interactions of Electrons with Matter 4.3.3 Competition between X-ray and Auger Electron Emission 4.3.4 Auger Process 4.3.5 Kinetic Energy of Auger Electrons 4.3.6 Instrumentation 4.3.7 Auger Spectra 4.3.8 Examples and Analysis References Chapter 5: Electron Microscopy 5.1 Elastic Scattering 5.2 Inelastic Scattering 5.3 Family of Electron Microscopes 5.4 Electron diffraction 5.5 The X-ray Microscope 5.6 Transmission Electron Microscope 5.7 Scanning Electron Microscope 5.8 Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope 5.9 Examples and Analysis References Chapter 6: Magnetic Measurement Techniques 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Extraction Method 6.3 Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) 6.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of VSM 6.5 SQUID Magnetometer 6.6 Applications, Illustration and Analysis References Chapter 7: Infrared Spectroscopy 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Theoretical Concepts 7.3 Instrumentation and Sampling methods 7.4 FTIR 7.5 Examples, Illustrations and Analysis References Chapter 8: Dielectric Measurements 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Dependence of Dielectric properties on Frequency 8.3 Dependence of Dielectric properties on Temperature 8.4 Dielectric Measurement Techniques 8.5 Examples, Illustrations and Analysis References
£80.75
Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Rechargeable Organic Batteries
Book SynopsisA must-have reference on sustainable organic energy storage systems Organic electrode materials have the potential to overcome the intrinsic limitations of transition metal oxides as cathodes in rechargeable batteries. As promising alternatives to metal-based batteries, organic batteries are renewable, low-cost, and would enable a greener rechargeable world. Rechargeable Organic Batteries is an up-to-date reference and guide to the next generation of sustainable organic electrodes. Focused exclusively on organic electrode materials for rechargeable batteries, this unique volume provides comprehensive coverage of the structures, advantages, properties, reaction mechanisms, and performance of various types of organic cathodes. In-depth chapters examine carbonyl-, organosulfur-, radical-, and organometallic complexes, as well as polymer-based active materials for electrochemical energy storage (EES) technologies. Throughout the book, possible application cases and potential challenges are discussed in detail. Presents advanced characterization methods for verifying redox mechanisms of organic materials Examines recent advances in carbonyl-based small-molecule cathode materials in battery systems including lithium-ion, sodium-ion, and aqueous zinc-ion batteries Introduces organosulfide-inorganic composite cathodes with high electrical conductivity and fast reaction kinetics Outlines research progress on radical electrode materials, polymer-based organic cathode materials, and the development of all-organic batteries Summarizes the synthesis processes, redox mechanisms, and electrochemical performance of different kinds of organic anode materials for metal-ion batteries Featuring a general introduction to organic batteries, including a discussion of their necessity and advantages, Rechargeable Organic Batteries is essential reading for electrochemists, materials scientists, organic chemists, physical chemists, and solid-state chemists working in the field.
£97.75
Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Applied Homogeneous Catalysis
Book SynopsisOne-stop reference on homogeneous catalysis, from general concepts through detailed examples and industrial applications Accessible and richly illustrated, Applied Homogeneous Catalysis provides a concise overview of the broad field of homogeneous transition metal catalysis and its applications in the chemical industry. This newly revised and updated second edition puts special emphasis on green chemistry, sustainable resources, and processes. The book is divided into five parts. Part I presents the basics of transition metal catalysis. Part II focuses on process engineering aspects. Part III provides details of the most important catalytic reactions. Part IV describes catalytic conversions closely related to classical homogeneous transition metal catalysis, such as nano-, electro-, photo- and organocatalysis. Part V covers new feedstocks and other topics, concluding with an outlook on future challenges of homogeneous catalysis. The book contains numerous mechanistic details, technical information, and illustrative examples. The chapters are enlivened by various excursions that relate the content to everyday life or introduce important personalities. Didactically, the book is completed with learning objectives and take-home messages for each chapter, as well as more than 400 questions and answers for self-testing. Written by a team of internationally renowned experts in the field, with a wealth of experience in industry and teaching, Applied Homogeneous Catalysis includes information on: Economic importance of industrial homogeneously-catalyzed reactions and basics of organometallic chemistry, including types of bonds, elemental steps, and mechanismsCommon approaches for separating the homogeneous catalyst from the products after the reaction and using combinatorial chemistry and high throughput screening to achieve optimal resultsActivating inactive molecules such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen, and harnessing homogeneous catalysis for feedstock diversification by recycling polymers or using renewables. Providing expansive coverage of the subject, Applied Homogeneous Catalysis is an essential guide for Master's and PhD students in organic chemistry, chemical engineering, and related fields, as well as researchers and professionals in the pharmaceutical, polymer, and fine and bulk chemicals industries working on catalysis or entering the field.
£85.50
Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Atomically Precise Metal Clusters
Book SynopsisAtomically Precise Metal Clusters Thorough discussion on how surface modification and self-assembly play roles in the atomically precise formation and property tailoring of molecular clusters Atomically Precise Metal Clusters: Surface Engineering and Hierarchical Assembly summarizes and discusses the surface modification, assembly, and property tailoring of a wide variety of nanoclusters, including the well-explored metal clusters, addressing the structureproperty relationships throughout. The atomic-level control in synthesis, new types of structures, and physical/chemical properties of nanoclusters are illustrated in various chapters. The controlled modification and assembly of metal nanoclusters is expected to have a major impact on future nanoscience research and other areas, with distinctive metal cluster-based function materials with precise structures uncovering exciting opportunities in both fundamental research and practical applications. Writ
£114.75
Wiley VCH Applied Polyoxometalatebased Electrocatalysis
Book Synopsis
£114.75
Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Electronic Structure Crystallography and
Book SynopsisElectronic Structure Crystallography and Functional Motifs of Materials Detailed resource on the method of electronic structure crystallography for revealing the experimental electronic structure and structure-property relationships of functional materials Electronic Structure Crystallography and Functional Motifs of Materials describes electronic structure crystallography and functional motifs of materials, two of the most challenging topics to realize the rational design of high-performance functional materials, emphasizing the physical properties and structure-property relationships of functional materials using nonlinear optical materials as examples. The text clearly illustrates how to extract experimental electronic structure information and relevant physicochemical properties of materials based on the theories and methods in X-ray crystallography and quantum chemistry. Practical skills of charge density studies using experimental X-ray sources are also covered, which are particularly important for the future popularization and development of electron structure crystallography. This book also introduces the related theories and refinement techniques involved in using scattering methods (mainly X-ray single-crystal diffraction, as well as polarized neutron scattering and Compton scattering) to determine experimental electronic structures, including the experimental electron density, experimental electron wavefunction, and experimental electron density matrix of crystalline materials. Electronic Structure Crystallography and Functional Motifs of Materials includes information on: Basic framework and assumptions of the first-principle calculations, density matrix and density function, and Hartree-Fock (HF) and Kohn-Sham (KS) methods Analysis of topological atoms in molecules, chemical interaction analysis, coarse graining and energy partition of the density matrix, and restricted space partition Principles of electronic structure measurement, including thermal vibration analysis, scattering experiments, and refinement algorithm for experimental electronic structure Independent atom model, multipole model, X-ray constrained wavefunction model, and other electron density models Electronic Structure Crystallography and Functional Motifs of Materials is an ideal textbook or reference book for graduate students and researchers in chemistry, physics, and material sciences for studying the structures and properties of functional crystalline materials.Table of ContentsAbout the Authors xi Foreword 1 xii Foreword 2 xiv Preface xvi Abbreviations xxi Introduction xxiii 1 Overview of Electronic Structure Crystallography 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.1.1 History of Electronic Structure Crystallography 4 1.1.2 The Beginnings of X-ray Crystallography and Quantum Mechanics 4 1.1.3 The Nascent Period of Experimental Electronic Structure Research 5 1.1.4 Developments of Pseudo-atom Models 5 1.1.5 Developments of Experimental Electron-density Matrix Models 9 1.1.6 Developments of Experimental Electron Wavefunction Models 12 1.1.7 Developments in Electron Diffraction-Based Studies of Electronic Structures 14 1.2 Basic Descriptors of Electronic Structure 15 1.2.1 Electron Density 15 1.2.2 Residual Density 16 1.2.3 Deformation Density 17 1.2.4 Electron Wavefunction and Density Matrix 19 1.3 Experimental Characterization of Electronic Structure 21 1.3.1 Experimental Electronic Structure Measurement with X-ray Single-crystal Diffractometer 22 1.3.1.1 X-ray Source 22 1.3.1.2 Goniometer 23 1.3.1.3 X-ray Detector 23 1.3.1.4 Cryogenic Systems 23 1.3.2 Key Aspects of Experimental Electronic Structure Measurement 24 1.3.2.1 Single-crystal Samples 24 1.3.2.2 Measurement Process 25 1.3.2.3 Data Correction 25 1.3.2.4 Examination of the Quality of Electronic Structure Refinement 26 References 26 2 First-Principles Calculations of the Electron Density Functions 35 2.1 Introduction 35 2.2 Basic Framework and Assumptions of the First-Principles Calculations 36 2.3 Density Matrix and Density Function 38 2.3.1 Basic Definition 38 2.3.2 Electron Density 39 2.3.3 Momentum Density 40 2.4 Hartree–Fock (HF) and Kohn–Sham (KS) Methods 42 2.4.1 Basic Theoretical Framework 42 2.4.2 Periodic Solutions of Hartree–Fock (HF) and Kohn–Sham (KS) Equations 44 2.4.3 Calculation of Crystal Density Matrix and Density Function 45 2.4.4 Pseudopotentials 46 2.4.5 Basis Set 47 References 48 3 Topological Indices and Properties of Electronic Structures 49 3.1 Introduction 49 3.2 Analysis of Topological Atoms in Molecules 50 3.2.1 Topological Description of the Electron Density 50 3.2.2 Gradient Vector Field and Topological Atoms 53 3.2.3 Bond Path and Molecular Topological Graph 54 3.2.4 Laplacian 54 3.2.5 Topological Properties of Chemical Bonds 55 3.2.5.1 Electron Density at Bond Critical Points 55 3.2.5.2 Bond Radius and Bond Path Length 55 3.2.5.3 Laplacian of Electron Density at the Bond Critical Points 56 3.2.5.4 Ellipticity 56 3.2.5.5 Energy Density of Bond Critical Points 56 3.2.5.6 Delocalization Index and Bond Order 57 3.2.6 Topological Atomic Properties 59 3.2.6.1 Atomic Charges 59 3.2.6.2 Atomic Volume 59 3.2.6.3 Atomic Kinetic Energy 59 3.2.6.4 Laplacian 60 3.2.6.5 Total Atomic Energy 60 3.2.6.6 Atomic Dipole Moment 62 3.2.6.7 Atomic Quadrupole Moment 62 3.2.6.8 Atomic Information Entropy 63 3.3 Chemical Interaction Analysis 63 3.3.1 Source Function 63 3.3.2 Electron Localization Function 65 3.3.3 Reduced Density Gradient 68 3.4 Coarse Graining and Energy Partition of the Density Matrix 69 3.4.1 Partition of the Density Matrix in Real Space 69 3.4.2 Energy Partition 72 3.4.3 Electron Population Statistics 75 3.5 Restricted Space Partition 77 3.5.1 ω-Restricted Partition 77 3.5.2 Restricted Electron Population Analysis 80 3.5.3 Quasi-continuous Distribution 81 3.5.4 Electron Localization Indicators (ELI) 82 3.5.4.1 Same-spin Electron Pairs 83 3.5.4.2 Singlet and Triplet Electron Pairs 84 3.5.4.3 ELI in Momentum Space 85 3.6 Intermolecular Interaction Energy 86 3.6.1 Interaction Energy of Experimental Electron Density 86 3.6.2 Pseudoatomic Representation of Electrostatic Interactions 88 3.6.2.1 Multipole Expansion Approximation 88 3.6.2.2 Exact Potential and Multipole Moment (EPMM) Model 89 3.6.2.3 Promolecular Approximation 89 3.6.3 Non-electrostatic Interactions 90 3.6.4 Lattice Energy 91 3.6.5 Interaction Energies Obtained from Experimental Charge Analysis 93 References 94 4 Principles of Electronic Structure Measurement 97 4.1 Introduction 97 4.2 Thermal Vibration Analysis 100 4.2.1 Lattice Dynamics 101 4.2.2 Atomic Displacement Parameters 103 4.2.3 Rigid Fragment Analysis 106 4.2.4 Neutron Diffraction-assisted Analysis 108 4.2.4.1 Temperature 108 4.2.4.2 Absorption 109 4.2.4.3 Extinction 109 4.2.4.4 Thermal Diffuse Scattering 109 4.2.4.5 Multiple Scattering 109 4.3 Scattering Experiments 110 4.3.1 X-ray Diffraction 110 4.3.2 Polarized Neutron Diffraction 111 4.3.3 Compton Scattering 112 4.4 Refinement Algorithm for Experimental Electronic Structure 113 4.4.1 Least-square Method 113 4.4.1.1 Mathematical 113 4.4.1.2 Least-square Refinement of Structure Factors 114 4.4.1.3 Parameter-estimated variance and covariance 116 4.4.2 Maximum Entropy Method 117 References 120 5 Pseudo-atom Models 123 5.1 Introduction 123 5.2 Independent Atom Model 124 5.3 Kappa Model 125 5.4 Multipole Model 126 5.4.1 Multipole Spherical Harmonics 126 5.4.2 Real Spherical Harmonic Density Function 127 5.4.3 Radial Distribution Functions 128 5.4.4 Multipole Model Framework 129 5.4.5 Aspheric Atomic Scattering Factors 130 5.4.6 Multipolar Model of Core Electron Expansion 131 5.5 Spin Density Model 132 5.5.1 Pure Spin Contribution 132 5.5.1.1 Atomic Orbital Model of Spin Density 132 5.5.1.2 Multipole Refinement of Spin Density 134 5.5.2 Spin and Orbital Contributions 135 5.5.3 Non-collinear Magnetism 136 5.5.4 Combinatorial Refinement of Electron Density and Spin Density 136 5.6 Other Electron Density Models 137 5.6.1 The X-ray Atomic Orbital (XAO) Model 137 5.6.1.1 Atomic Single-electron Orbitals in a Crystal Field 137 5.6.1.2 Electron Density and Structure Factor 141 5.6.2 X-ray Molecular Orbital Model (XMO) 143 5.6.2.1 Molecular Orbital and Electron Density 143 5.6.2.2 Structure Factors for Monocentric and Bicentric Terms 144 5.6.2.3 Processing of Temperature Factors 147 5.6.3 Molecular Orbitals with Variable Occupation Numbers Model (moon) 149 References 150 6 Density Matrix Model 153 6.1 Introduction 153 6.2 Density Matrix Model 154 6.2.1 Definition of the Density Matrix 154 6.2.2 Localized Model of the Density Matrix 154 6.3 Correlation of Density Matrix to Scattering Experiments 156 6.3.1 Dynamic Scattering Factor 156 6.3.2 Static Structure Factor 157 6.3.3 Elastic Scattering 157 6.3.4 Inelastic Scattering 158 6.4 Reconstruction and Refinement of the Density Matrix 160 6.4.1 Bayesian Method 160 6.4.2 Combined Refinement of Different Types of Data 161 6.4.3 Refinement of the One-electron Reduced Density Matrix (1-RDM) 163 6.4.4 Combinatorial Refinement of Structure Factor and Compton Profile Data 165 6.4.5 Spin-resolved One-order Reduced Density Matrix (1-SRDM) Refinement 165 6.4.5.1 Basic Framework 165 6.4.5.2 Molecular Modeling 166 6.4.5.3 Magnetic Structure Factor and Magnetic Compton Profile 167 6.4.5.4 Variation of the Basis Functions 167 6.4.5.5 Variation of Spin Population Matrices 168 References 169 7 Electron Wavefunction Models 171 7.1 Introduction 171 7.2 X-ray Constrained Wavefunction (XCW) Model 173 7.2.1 Mathematical Framework 173 7.2.2 Hirshfeld Atom Refinement 174 7.2.2.1 Selection of Wavefunction 174 7.2.2.2 Electron Density 175 7.2.2.3 Hirshfeld Atomic Partitioning Method 176 7.2.2.4 Calculation of the Structure Factor 176 7.2.3 X-ray Constrained Wavefunction Refinement 178 7.2.3.1 Special Treatment for Thermal Vibrations 178 7.2.3.2 Density Matrix Representation of Structure Factor 179 7.2.3.3 Experimental Constrained Wavefunction Refinement 179 7.2.4 Open Shell System Method 180 7.2.5 Treatment of Relativistic Effects 182 7.3 The X-ray-Constrained Extremely Localized Molecular Orbital Method 183 7.3.1 Theoretical Extremely Localized Molecular Orbitals 183 7.3.2 Refinement of the Experimentally Constrained Extremely Localized Molecular Orbitals 185 References 187 8 Functional Electronic Structures and Functional Motif of Materials 189 8.1 Introduction 189 8.2 Material Functional Motif 190 8.2.1 Crystal Structure 191 8.2.2 Electronic Structure 193 8.2.3 Magnetic Structure 195 8.2.4 Modulated Defects 197 8.2.5 Statistical Defects 199 8.2.6 Local Defects 200 8.3 Functional Electronic Structures 201 References 206 Index 209
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Wiley VCH Organic Polymers in EnergyEnvironmental
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Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Chemometrics: Statistics and Computer Application
Book SynopsisChemometrics Explore chemometrics from basic statistics to the latest artificial intelligence and neural network developments in this new edition Chemometrics is an area of study combining chemistry and mathematics. It governs the interpretation of data generated by chemical analysis, and its growth as a subfield promises to streamline and revolutionize analytical chemistry. Chemometrics has long been the leading introductory textbook in this subject. Beginning with an introduction to the statistical-mathematical evaluation of chemical measurements, it leads readers through modern chemometric approaches in a pedagogically sound and highly readable style. Now fully updated to reflect the latest research and applications of this exciting discipline, it provides essential tools for a new generation of analytical chemists. Readers of the fourth edition of Chemometrics will also find: New or expanded treatment of subjects such as deep learning, ANNOVA simultaneous component analysis, instrumental data output, and more Detailed discussion of approaches to signal processing, design and optimization of experiments, pattern recognition and classification, and many other areas Balance of theoretical and practical knowledge to enable rapid application of key techniques Chemometrics is ideal for advanced students in chemistry, analytical chemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry, biochemistry, or related subjects, and as a useful reference for practicing researchers and laboratory professionals.Table of ContentsPreface vii List of Abbreviations xi 1 What is Chemometrics? 1 1.1 The Computer-Based Laboratory 3 1.2 Statistics and Data Interpretation 11 1.3 Computer-Based Information Systems/Artificial Intelligence 12 General Reading 13 Questions and Problems 13 2 Basic Statistics 15 2.1 Descriptive Statistics 16 2.2 Statistical Tests 28 2.3 Analysis of Variance 45 General Reading 56 Questions and Problems 57 3 Signal Processing and Time Series Analysis 61 3.1 Signal Processing 62 3.2 Time Series Analysis 91 General Reading 99 Questions and Problems 100 4 Optimization and Experimental Design 101 4.1 Systematic Optimization 102 4.2 Objective Functions and Factors 103 4.3 Experimental Design and Response Surface Methods 111 4.4 Sequential Optimization: Simplex Method 135 General Reading 142 Questions and Problems 142 5 Pattern Recognition and Classification 145 5.1 Preprocessing of Data 147 5.2 Unsupervised Methods 151 5.3 Supervised Methods 198 General Reading 226 Questions and Problems 227 6 Modeling 231 6.1 Univariate Linear Regression 232 6.2 Multiple Linear Regression 249 6.3 Nonlinear Methods 281 General Reading 293 Questions and Problems 293 7 Analytical Databases 295 7.1 Representation of Analytical Information 296 7.2 Library Search 309 7.3 Simulation of Spectra 316 General Reading 318 Questions and Problems 318 8 Knowledge Processing and Soft Computing 321 8.1 Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems 321 8.2 Neural Networks 330 8.3 Fuzzy Theory 352 8.4 Genetic Algorithms and Other Global Search Strategies 365 General Reading 375 Questions and Problems 377 9 Quality Assurance and Good Laboratory Practice 379 9.1 Validation and Quality Control 380 9.2 Accreditation and Good Laboratory Practice 384 General Reading 386 Questions and Problems 386 Appendix 387 Index 403
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Wiley VCH Atropisomerism in Asymmetric Organic Synthesis
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Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Towards Next Generation Energy Storage
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Wiley VCH Quantification Validation and Uncertainty in
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Wiley VCH Natural Polymers for Biomedical Applications
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Wiley VCH Problem Solving in Chemical Reactor Design
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Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Problem Solving in Theoretical Physics
Book Synopsis"Problem Solving in Theoretical Physics" helps students mastering their theoretical physics courses by posing advanced problems and providing their solutions - along with discussions of their physical significance and possibilities for generalization and transfer to other fields.Table of ContentsPreface to the English Edition ix Preface ix About the Companion Website xiii Part I Problems 1 1 Field Theory 3 Introduction 3 1.1 Vectors and tensors in Euclidean space 27 1.2 Vectors and tensors in Minkowski space 29 1.3 Relativistic kinematics 29 1.4 The Maxwell equations 33 1.5 The motion of a charged particle in an external field 36 1.6 Static electromagnetic field 38 1.7 Free electromagnetic field 39 1.8 The retarded potentials and radiation 39 1.9 Electromagnetic field of relativistic particles 42 1.10 The scattering of electromagnetic waves 43 2 Quantum Mechanics 45 Introduction 45 2.1 Operators and states in quantum mechanics 64 2.2 One-dimensional motion 65 2.3 Linear harmonic oscillator 68 2.4 Angular momentum and spin 69 2.5 Motion in a magnetic field 71 2.6 Motion in a centrally symmetric field 72 2.7 Semiclassical approximation 73 2.8 Perturbation theory 74 2.9 Relativistic quantum mechanics 76 2.10 Addition of angular momenta. The identity of particles 77 2.11 Theory of atoms and molecules 78 2.12 Theory of scattering 80 2.13 Theory of radiation 81 3 Statistical Physics 83 Introduction 83 3.1 The Gibbs distribution: thermodynamic quantities and functions 112 3.2 Ideal quantum gases 116 3.2.1 The ideal Fermi gas 116 3.2.2 The ideal Bose gas 118 3.2.3 Ideal gases of elementary Bose excitations 119 3.3 Non-ideal quantum systems (liquids): the fundamentals of condensed matter theory 121 3.3.1 Normal (nonsuperfluid) Fermi liquids 121 3.3.2 Superconductivity and the BCS theory 122 3.3.3 Weakly interacting Bose gases and the Gross-Pitaevskii equation 124 3.3.4 Theory of superfluidity 125 3.4 Phase transitions and critical phenomena 126 3.4.1 The mean-field approximation 126 3.4.2 The Ginzburg-Landau functional 127 3.4.3 Fundamentals of the theory of critical phenomena 130 Part II Solutions of Problems 133 1 Field Theory 135 1.1 Vectors and tensors in Euclidean space 135 1.2 Vectors and tensors in Minkowski space 138 1.3 Relativistic kinematics 138 1.4 The Maxwell equations 163 1.5 Motion of a charged particle in an external field 168 1.6 Static electromagnetic field 185 1.7 Free electromagnetic field 194 1.8 The retarded potentials and radiation 196 1.9 Electromagnetic field of relativistic particles 213 1.10 The scattering of electromagnetic waves 224 2 Quantum Mechanics 235 2.1 Operators and states in quantum mechanics 235 2.2 One-dimensional motion 239 2.3 Linear harmonic oscillator 257 2.4 Angular momentum and spin 259 2.5 Motion in a magnetic field 264 2.6 Motion in a centrally symmetric field 273 2.7 Semiclassical approximation 282 2.8 Perturbation theory 286 2.9 Relativistic quantum mechanics 298 2.10 Addition of angular momenta. The identity of particles 310 2.11 Theory of atoms and molecules 316 2.12 Theory of scattering 332 2.13 Theory of radiation 345 3 Statistical Physics 353 3.1 The Gibbs distribution: the thermodynamic quantities and functions 353 3.2 Ideal quantum gases 380 3.2.1 The ideal Fermi gas 380 3.2.2 The ideal Bose gas 401 3.2.3 Ideal gases of elementary Bose excitations 412 3.3 Non-ideal quantum systems (liquids): the fundamentals of condensed matter theory 416 3.3.1 Normal (nonsuperfluid) Fermi liquids 416 3.3.2 Superconductivity and the BCS theory 425 3.3.3 Weakly interacting Bose gases and the Gross-Pitaevskii equation 432 3.3.4 Theory of superfluidity 441 3.4 Phase transitions and critical phenomena 447 3.4.1 The mean-field approximation 447 3.4.2 The Ginzburg–Landau functional 452 3.4.3 Fundamentals of the theory of critical phenomena 471 Appendices 487 Bibliography 493 Index 497
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I K International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd Phytopharmaceutical: Chemistry and Utilization
Book SynopsisPhytochemical research took shape with the isolation of morphine by F.W. Seturner in 1805. This book includes about 290 phytopharmaceuticals giving their characterization and structure elucidation by modern instrumental methods like UV, IR, HNMR 13C NMR, Ms, HRMS, X-Ray, biosynthesis and synthesis. The book though written for M.Pharm. Pharmacognosy will, however, also found useful as a reference by researchers in natural product chemistry in ICMR units, National Laboratories and pharmaceutical industry the world over.Table of Contents 1. Terpenoids 8. Vitamins and Other Health Products 2. Steroids 9. Antibiotics 3. Flavonoids 10. Lipids 4. Alkaloids 11. Carbohydrates 5. Proteins and Polypeptides 12. Toxins (Aflatoxins) 6. Nucleic Acids 13. Marine Agents 7. Lipoproteins and Amino -Acids
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World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd Theory And Problems For Chemistry Olympiad:
Book SynopsisThis study guide for the Chemistry Olympiad contains summarized concepts and examples in all areas of chemistry. The chapters are arranged in a logical manner and establishes connections between concepts. Undergraduate chemistry concepts are explained clearly: every equation in physical chemistry is derived and justified while every organic reaction has its reaction mechanism shown and explained, without assuming that readers have university-level background in the subject. The book also contains original Chemistry Olympiad sample problems that readers may use to test their knowledge.This is a first book of its kind, written by Nan Zhihan, International Chemistry Olympiad (IChO) gold medallist and winner of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) Prize for achieving the highest score in the experimental exam, and experienced Chemistry Olympiad trainer Dr Zhang Sheng, who has served as head mentor of Singapore IChO team for many years. It builds on the experience of both a participant and trainer to help any aspiring Chemistry Olympiad student understand the challenging concepts in chemistry.
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Blackstone Publishing There Are (No) Stupid Questions ... in Science
Book SynopsisLeah Elson draws upon her wildly popular web series, 60 Seconds of Science, for an irreverent debut that answers all sorts of scientific questions-from the age-old to the ridiculous to the sublime-posed by her fans around the world.There Are (No) Stupid Questions ... in Science was born from Leah's popular web series, 60 Seconds of Science, wherein her avid followers, from all around the world, suggest topics to be explained within sixty seconds.In the vein of Astrophysics for People in a Hurry by Neil DeGrasse Tyson and The Complete Manual of Things That Might Kill You: A Guide to Self-Diagnosis for Hypochondriacs by Jen Bilik, There Are (No) Stupid Questions ... in Science provides easy-to-understand and delightfully cheeky explanations for scientific and medical quandaries, and is appropriate for everyone from those with no prior scientific knowledge to colleagues in the scientific field.
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Cengage Learning, Inc Chemistry Cengage International Edition
Book SynopsisLearning chemistry is more than just memorizing facts and formulas. To be successful, you need to understand fundamental chemistry concepts and how to apply them to solve problems. CHEMISTRY, CENGAGE INTERNATIONAL EDITION, Eleventh Edition, will help you gain the tools you need to succeed in your chemistry course--and beyond. This trusted text has helped generations of students learn to think like chemists, developing critical-thinking and creative problem-solving skills to master even the most challenging problems. An engaging writing style, clear explanations and interactive examples help you build both skill and confidence, so you can study to understand rather than simply memorize. In addition, useful online resources and instant feedback in OWLv2 help bring the material to life and make learning even more effective.
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Oxford University Press Advanced Chemistry For You
Book SynopsisFrom the same author as the popular first edition, the second edition of this trusted, accessible chemistry textbook breaks down content into manageable chunks to help students with the transition from GCSE to A Level study. It has been fully revised and updated for the new A Level chemistry specifications for first teaching September 2015, and is suitable for AQA, OCR, WJEC and Edexcel. Additional sections in the textbook provide help with revision and exam technique, practical skills and maths skills
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Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Chemical Principles of Nanoengineering
Book SynopsisChemical Principles of Nanoengineering Understand the chemical properties of nanomaterials with this thorough introduction Nanomaterials, which possess at least one dimension lower than 100 nanometers, are increasingly at the forefront of technological and chemical innovation. The properties of these uniquely minute materials give them distinctive applications across a huge range of industries and research fields. It is therefore critical that the next generation of engineers and materials scientists understand these materials, their chemical properties, and how they form bonds. Chemical Principles of Nanoengineering answers this need with a thorough, detailed introduction to nanomaterials and their underlying chemistry. It particularly emphasizes the connection between nanomaterial properties and chemical bonds, which in turn allows readers to understand how these properties change at different scales. The result is a critical resource for understanding these increasingly vital materials. Chemical Principles of Nanoengineering readers will also find: Step-by-step arrangement of material to facilitate learning in sequence and gradual, self-guided progress End-of-chapter problems and key concept definitions to reinforce learning Detailed coverage of important nanomaterials like quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and more Chemical Principles of Nanoengineering is a must-have for advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students in materials science, chemical engineering, chemistry, and related fields.Table of ContentsIntroduction 1 What is Nanoengineering? 1 What are Chemical Principles of Nanoengineering? 3 Who is this Book Intended for? 4 1 Intermolecular Forces 7 1.1 The Pairwise Potential 8 1.2 Electrostatic Interactions 11 1.3 Permanent Dipole Interactions and Hydrogen Bonding 18 1.4 van der Waals Forces 23 1.5 Hydrophobic Forces 32 1.6 Steric Forces 36 1.7 Particle Stability and Aggregation 39 Further Reading 42 Problems and Discussion Topics 43 2 Molecular Bonds 49 2.1 Atomic Orbitals 50 2.2 Valence Bond Theory 51 2.3 Molecular Orbital Theory 58 2.4 Frontier Orbitals and Chemical Reactions 71 2.5 Electronic Transitions 73 2.6 Functional Groups and Nomenclature 75 Further Reading 89 Problems and Discussion Topics 89 3 Extended Solids 95 3.1 Energy Bands 95 3.2 Conductivity 99 3.3 Tight-Binding Approximation 104 3.4 Density of States 116 3.5 Conducting Polymers 120 Further Reading 128 Problems and Discussion Topics 128 4 Nanocarbon 133 4.1 Hybridization 133 4.2 Graphene 137 4.3 Carbon Nanotubes 146 4.4 Fullerenes 154 4.5 Diamondoids 157 References 158 Further Reading 159 Problems and Discussion Topics 159 5 Descriptive Crystal Chemistry 163 5.1 Lattices and the Unit Cell 163 5.2 Hard-Sphere Packing 167 5.3 Coordination Geometries 173 5.4 Bravais Lattices 176 5.5 The Atomic Basis 183 5.6 Archetypes 186 5.7 Miller Indices and Crystal Planes 190 Further Reading 194 Problems and Discussion Topics 194 6 Surface Properties and Effects 199 6.1 Estimating the Surface 199 6.2 Adsorption 203 6.3 Surface Energy 208 6.4 Nearest-neighbor Broken-bond Model 212 6.5 Interfacial Energy 218 6.6 Curvature Effects 222 6.7 Stabilizing the Surface 226 Further Reading 232 Problems and Discussion Topics 232 Index 235
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Wiley VCH Nanomaterials for Air and Water Purification
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Wiley VCH Plant Biomass Derived Materials
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Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH MicroMesoporous Metallosilicates
Book SynopsisMicro-Mesoporous Metallosilicates Up-to-date and in-depth text bridging the technology gap between fundamental research and industry-scale applications of porous materials for catalysis Micro-Mesoporous Metallosilicates: Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Applications comprehensively introduces the chemistry and catalytic technologies of metallosilicates, an important family of microporous crystalline zeolite and heteroatom-containing mesoporous materials, with a primary focus on design synthesis, characterization, theoretical studies, and catalytic applications of titanosilicates, tin-silicates, germanosilicates and Ti-mesosilica, and more. The text covers recent advances in the synthesis of titanosilicates, including hydrothermal synthesis, dry-gel conversion, fluoride-assisted synthesis, and post-synthesis methods, along with the synthesis of metallosilicates with two-dimensional lamellar structures and their structural modifications as well as applications in selective oxi
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Wiley VCH Lignin Chemistry
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Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH DNA Nanotechnology for Cell Research
Book SynopsisDNA Nanotechnology for Cell Research Comprehensive coverage of DNA nanotechnology with a focus on its biomedical applications in disease diagnosis, gene therapy, and drug delivery Bringing together multidisciplinary aspects of chemical, material, and biological engineering, DNA Nanotechnology for Cell Research: From Bioanalysis to Biomedicine presents an overview of DNA nanotechnology with emphasis on a variety of different applications in cell research and engineering, covering a unique collection of DNA nanotechnology for fundamental research and engineering of living cells, mostly in cellulo and in vivo, for the first time. Broad coverage of this book ranges from pioneering concepts of DNA nanotechnology to cutting-edge reports regarding the use of DNA nanotechnology for fundamental cell science and related biomedical engineering applications in sensing, bioimaging, cell manipulation, gene therapy, and drug delivery. The text is divided into four parts. Part I surveys the progress
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Wiley VCH Plastic Waste Management Methods and
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Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Production Control in Practice
Book Synopsis Practice-oriented coverage of production planning and control processes for goods and services, written for any industry Production Control in Practice explores the operational control of production and inventory processes in organizations across industries, covering both tangible and intangible products and offering viable, efficient solutions to characteristic production control problems, such as what goods to produce when and how. A number of examples/stylized applications are included to help readers understand and apply the discussed concepts and theories to their own organizations. This book distinguishes between the control of production units and the control of goods flow between these units and the market and discusses various coordination and material supply control mechanisms relevant to supply chains. It also presents a typology of production situations found in practice, using a structured approach to discussing the relevant control decisions for ea
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John Wiley & Sons Inc Electrochemical Systems
Book SynopsisProvides a comprehensive understanding of a wide range of systems and topics in electrochemistry This book offers complete coverage of electrochemical theories as they pertain to the understanding of electrochemical systems. It describes the foundations of thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, and transport phenomenaincluding the electrical potential and charged species. It also shows how to apply electrochemical principles to systems analysis and mathematical modeling. Using these tools, the reader will be able to model mathematically any system of interest and realize quantitative descriptions of the processes involved. This brand new edition of Electrochemical Systems updates all chapters while adding content on lithium battery electrolyte characterization and polymer electrolytes. It also includes a new chapter on impedance spectroscopy. Presented in 4 sections, the book covers: Thermodynamics of Electrochemical Cells, Electrode Kinetics and Other InterfTable of ContentsPreface To The Fourth Edition xv Preface To The Third Edition xvii Preface To The Second Edition xix Preface To The First Edition xxi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Definitions 2 1.2 Thermodynamics and Potential 3 1.3 Kinetics and Rates of Reaction 6 1.4 Transport 8 1.5 Concentration Overpotential and the Diffusion Potential 15 1.6 Overall Cell Potential 18 Problems 20 Notation 21 Part A Thermodynamics of Electrochemical Cells 23 2 Thermodynamics In Terms of Electrochemical Potentials 25 2.1 Phase Equilibrium 25 2.2 Chemical Potential and Electrochemical Potential 27 2.3 Definition of Some Thermodynamic Functions 30 2.4 Cell with Solution of Uniform Concentration 36 2.5 Transport Processes in Junction Regions 39 2.6 Cell with a Single Electrolyte of Varying Concentration 40 2.7 Cell with Two Electrolytes, One of Nearly Uniform Concentration 44 2.8 Cell with Two Electrolytes, Both of Varying Concentration 47 2.9 Lithium–Lithium Cell With Two Polymer Electrolytes 49 2.10 Standard Cell Potential and Activity Coefficients 50 2.11 Pressure Dependence of Activity Coefficients 58 2.12 Temperature Dependence of Cell Potentials 59 Problems 61 Notation 68 References 70 3 The Electric Potential 71 3.1 The Electrostatic Potential 71 3.2 Intermolecular Forces 74 3.3 Outer and Inner Potentials 76 3.4 Potentials of Reference Electrodes 77 3.5 The Electric Potential in Thermodynamics 78 Notation 79 References 80 4 Activity Coefficients 81 4.1 Ionic Distributions in Dilute Solutions 81 4.2 Electrical Contribution to the Free Energy 84 4.3 Shortcomings of the Debye–Hückel Model 87 4.4 Binary Solutions 89 4.5 Multicomponent Solutions 92 4.6 Measurement of Activity Coefficients 94 4.7 Weak Electrolytes 96 Problems 99 Notation 103 References 104 5 Reference Electrodes 107 5.1 Criteria for Reference Electrodes 107 5.2 Experimental Factors Affecting Selection of Reference Electrodes 109 5.3 The Hydrogen Electrode 110 5.4 The Calomel Electrode and Other Mercury–Mercurous Salt Electrodes 112 5.5 The Mercury–Mercuric Oxide Electrode 114 5.6 Silver–Silver Halide Electrodes 114 5.7 Potentials Relative to a Given Reference Electrode 116 Notation 119 References 120 6 Potentials of Cells With Junctions 121 6.1 Nernst Equation 121 6.2 Types of Liquid Junctions 122 6.3 Formulas for Liquid-Junction Potentials 123 6.4 Determination of Concentration Profiles 124 6.5 Numerical Results 124 6.6 Cells with Liquid Junction 128 6.7 Error in the Nernst Equation 129 6.8 Potentials Across Membranes 131 6.9 Charged Membranes Immersed in an Electrolytic Solution 131 Problems 135 Notation 138 References 138 Part B Electrode Kinetics and Other Interfacial Phenomena 141 7 Structure of The Electric Double Layer 143 7.1 Qualitative Description of Double Layers 143 7.2 Gibbs Adsorption Isotherm 148 7.3 The Lippmann Equation 151 7.4 The Diffuse Part of the Double Layer 155 7.5 Capacity of the Double Layer in the Absence of Specific Adsorption 160 7.6 Specific Adsorption at an Electrode–Solution Interface 161 Problems 161 Notation 164 References 165 8 Electrode Kinetics 167 8.1 Heterogeneous Electrode Reactions 167 8.2 Dependence of Current Density on Surface Overpotential 169 8.3 Models for Electrode Kinetics 170 8.4 Effect of Double-Layer Structure 185 8.5 The Oxygen Electrode 187 8.6 Methods of Measurement 192 8.7 Simultaneous Reactions 193 Problems 195 Notation 199 References 200 9 Electrokinetic Phenomena 203 9.1 Discontinuous Velocity at an Interface 203 9.2 Electro-Osmosis and the Streaming Potential 205 9.3 Electrophoresis 213 9.4 Sedimentation Potential 215 Problems 216 Notation 218 References 219 10 Electrocapillary Phenomena 221 10.1 Dynamics of Interfaces 221 10.2 Electrocapillary Motion of Mercury Drops 222 10.3 Sedimentation Potentials for Falling Mercury Drops 224 Notation 224 References 225 Part C Transport Processes In Electrolytic Solutions 227 11 Infinitely Dilute Solutions 229 11.1 Transport Laws 229 11.2 Conductivity, Diffusion Potentials, and Transference Numbers 232 11.3 Conservation of Charge 233 11.4 The Binary Electrolyte 233 11.5 Supporting Electrolyte 236 11.6 Multicomponent Diffusion by Elimination of the Electric Field 237 11.7 Mobilities and Diffusion Coefficients 238 11.8 Electroneutrality and Laplace’S Equation 240 11.9 Moderately Dilute Solutions 242 Problems 244 Notation 247 References 247 12 Concentrated Solutions 249 12.1 Transport Laws 249 12.2 The Binary Electrolyte 251 12.3 Reference Velocities 252 12.4 The Potential 253 12.5 Connection with Dilute-Solution Theory 256 12.6 Example Calculation Using Concentrated Solution Theory 257 12.7 Multicomponent Transport 259 12.8 Liquid-Junction Potentials 262 Problems 263 Notation 264 References 266 13 Thermal Effects 267 13.1 Thermal Diffusion 268 13.2 Heat Generation, Conservation, and Transfer 270 13.3 Heat Generation at an Interface 272 13.4 Thermogalvanic Cells 274 13.5 Concluding Statements 276 Problems 277 Notation 279 References 280 14 Transport Properties 283 14.1 Infinitely Dilute Solutions 283 14.2 Solutions of a Single Salt 283 14.3 Mixtures of Polymers and Salts 286 14.4 Types of Transport Properties and Their Number 295 14.5 Integral Diffusion Coefficients for Mass Transfer 296 Problem 298 Notation 298 References 299 15 Fluid Mechanics 301 15.1 Mass and Momentum Balances 301 15.2 Stress in a Newtonian Fluid 302 15.3 Boundary Conditions 303 15.4 Fluid Flow to a Rotating Disk 304 15.5 Magnitude of Electrical Forces 307 15.6 Turbulent Flow 310 15.7 Mass Transfer in Turbulent Flow 314 15.8 Dissipation Theorem for Turbulent Pipe Flow 316 Problem 318 Notation 319 References 321 Part D Current Distribution and Mass Transfer In Electrochemical Systems 323 16 Fundamental Equations 327 16.1 Transport in Dilute Solutions 327 16.2 Electrode Kinetics 328 Notation 329 17 Convective-Transport Problems 331 17.1 Simplifications for Convective Transport 331 17.2 The Rotating Disk 332 17.3 The Graetz Problem 335 17.4 The Annulus 340 17.5 Two-Dimensional Diffusion Layers in Laminar Forced Convection 344 17.6 Axisymmetric Diffusion Layers in Laminar Forced Convection 345 17.7 A Flat Plate in a Free Stream 346 17.8 Rotating Cylinders 347 17.9 Growing Mercury Drops 349 17.10 Free Convection 349 17.11 Combined Free and Forced Convection 351 17.12 Limitations of Surface Reactions 352 17.13 Binary and Concentrated Solutions 353 Problems 354 Notation 359 References 360 18 Applications of Potential Theory 365 18.1 Simplifications For Potential-Theory Problems 366 18.2 Primary Current Distribution 367 18.3 Secondary Current Distribution 370 18.4 Numerical Solution by Finite Differences 374 18.5 Principles of Cathodic Protection 375 Problems 389 Notation 396 References 397 19 Effect of Migration On Limiting Currents 399 19.1 Analysis 400 19.2 Correction Factor for Limiting Currents 402 19.3 Concentration Variation of Supporting Electrolyte 404 19.4 Role of Bisulfate Ions 409 19.5 Paradoxes with Supporting Electrolyte 413 19.6 Limiting Currents for Free Convection 417 Problems 423 Notation 424 References 426 20 Concentration Overpotential 427 20.1 Definition 427 20.2 Binary Electrolyte 429 20.3 Supporting Electrolyte 430 20.4 Calculated Values 430 Problems 431 Notation 432 References 433 21 Currents Below The Limiting Current 435 21.1 The Bulk Medium 436 21.2 The Diffusion Layers 437 21.3 Boundary Conditions and Method of Solution 438 21.4 Results for the Rotating Disk 440 Problems 444 Notation 446 References 447 22 Porous Electrodes 449 22.1 Macroscopic Description of Porous Electrodes 450 22.2 Nonuniform Reaction Rates 457 22.3 Mass Transfer 462 22.4 Battery Simulation 463 22.5 Double-Layer Charging and Adsorption 477 22.6 Flow-Through Electrochemical Reactors 478 Problems 482 Notation 484 References 486 23 Semiconductor Electrodes 489 23.1 Nature of Semiconductors 490 23.2 Electric Capacitance at the Semiconductor–Solution Interface 499 23.3 Liquid-Junction Solar Cell 502 23.4 Generalized Interfacial Kinetics 506 23.5 Additional Aspects 509 Problems 513 Notation 514 References 516 24 Impedance 517 24.1 Frequency Dispersion at a Disk Electrode 519 24.2 Modulated Flow With a Disk Electrode 522 24.3 Porous Electrodes for Batteries 526 24.4 Kramers–Kronig Relation 528 Problems 530 Notation 531 References 532 Appendix A Partial Molar Volumes 535 Appendix B Vectors and Tensors 537 Appendix C Numerical Solution of Coupled, Ordinary Differential Equations 543 Index 567
£125.96
John Wiley & Sons Inc Process Dynamics and Control EMEA Edition
Book SynopsisThe new 4th edition of Seborg''s Process Dynamics and Control provides full topical coverage for process control courses in the chemical engineering curriculum, emphasizing how process control and its related fields of process modeling and optimization are essential to the development of high-value products. A principal objective of this new edition is to describe modern techniques for control processes, with an emphasis on complex systems necessary to the development, design, and operation of modern processing plants. Control process instructors can cover the basic material while also having the flexibility to include advanced topics.
£48.44
Cengage Learning, Inc General Organic and Biological Chemistry
Book SynopsisSucceed in chemistry with GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY'S clear explanations, engaging visual support, and easy usability. Ideal for allied health majors, this Seventh Edition emphasizes the applications of chemistry. Early chapters focus on fundamental chemical principles while later chapters build on the foundation of these principles, developing the concepts and applications central to organic and biological chemistry. Mathematics is introduced at point-of-use and only as needed.Table of ContentsPART I: GENERAL CHEMISTRY. 1. Basic Concepts About Matter. 2. Measurements in Chemistry. 3. Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table. 4. Chemical Bonding: The Ionic Bond Model. 5. Chemical Bonding: The Covalent Bond Model. 6. Chemical Calculations: Formula Masses, Moles, and Chemical Equations. 7. Gases, Liquids, and Solids. 8. Solutions. 9. Chemical Reactions. 10. Acids, Bases, and Salts. 11. Nuclear Chemistry. PART II: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 12. Saturated Hydrocarbons. 13. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons. 14. Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers. 15. Aldehydes and Ketones. 16. Carboxylic Acids, Esters, and Other Acid Derivatives. 17. Amines and Amides. PART III: BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 18. Carbohydrates. 19. Lipids. 20. Proteins. 21. Enzymes and Vitamins. 22. Nucleic Acids. 23. Biochemical Energy Production. 24. Carbohydrate Metabolism. 25. Lipid Metabolism. 26. Protein Metabolism. Answers to Selected Exercises Index Glossary
£81.99
Oxford University Press Introduction to Nanoscience
Book SynopsisNanoscience is not physics, chemistry, engineering or biology. It is all of them, and it is time for a text that integrates the disciplines. This is such a text, aimed at advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students in the sciences. The consequences of smallness and quantum behaviour are well known and described Richard Feynman''s visionary essay ''There''s Plenty of Room at the Bottom'' (which is reproduced in this book). Another, critical, but thus far neglected, aspect of nanoscience is the complexity of nanostructures. Hundreds, thousands or hundreds of thousands of atoms make up systems that are complex enough to show what is fashionably called ''emergent behaviour''. Quite new phenomena arise from rare configurations of the system. Examples are the Kramer''s theory of reactions (Chapter 3), the Marcus theory of electron transfer (Chapter 8), and enzyme catalysis, molecular motors, and fluctuations in gene expression and splicing, all covered in the final Chapter on NanTrade ReviewThe book covers a lot of ground and combines a thoroughness of treatment with a lightness of touch. It is attractive for both undergraduate students seeking clear explanations and graduate students wanting depth. * Stephen Blundell, Oxford University *Table of ContentsPART I: THE BASICS ; PART II: TOOLS ; PART III: APPLICATIONS
£999.99
Taylor & Francis Forensic Science
Forensic Science: An Introduction to Scientific and Investigative Techniques, Sixth Edition covers a full range of fundamental, cutting-edge topics essential to modern forensic casework and investigation. The new edition is fully updated to outline best practicesâincluding recent technology and techniquesâproviding an engaging account of current advances in the field.Going beyond theory to application, Forensic Science begins by discussing the intersection of law and forensic science, how things become evidence, and how courts decide if an item or testimony is admissible. It presents the broadest array of forensic disciplines among available textbooks on the market, addressing forensic anthropology, death investigation (including anthropology and entomology), bloodstain pattern analysis, firearms, tool marks, and forensic analysis of questioned documents, among others. Students follow evidence all the way from the crime scene into laboratory analys
£61.74
Harvard University Press Smellosophy
Book SynopsisFor decades neuroscientists understood sensory perception as a matter of external stimuli “sparking” regions of the brain. But this view has a key flaw: odors don’t line up consistently with the neural map. A. S. Barwich explores the new science of smell and urges us to rethink theories of mind and brain inspired by the mapping model.Trade ReviewThis is a special book…Barwich does philosophy that is empirically directed and historically informed. It teaches readers a lot about olfaction. It teaches us even more about what philosophy can be. -- Rachel Fraser * Times Literary Supplement *Seeks to banish entrenched prejudice against the nose. Barwich…argues that we could discover far more about consciousness if we would only relinquish our old-school fixation on sight…Rather than mapping the external world and constructing an accurate representation of it in the brain, our sense of smell seems to involve a continuous, ever-shifting negotiation between our interior and exterior lives. * Harper’s *Lively, authoritative…Aims to rehabilitate smell’s neglected and marginalized status. -- Mike Jay * Wall Street Journal *Barwich writes with charm and precision about our preconceptions of how the olfactory system works and how it is different from the other sensory mechanisms that keep us alive and (relatively) safe…An illuminating discussion of the interface between the logical coherence of philosophy and the empirical disciplines of science. -- Michael Bywater * The Spectator *Barwich melds a philosophical perspective with a rich history of olfactory science, tackling big questions with layers of perceptual, psychological, and neurobiological explanations…She offers rich discussions of olfactory perception, the conscious and subconscious impacts of smell on behavior and emotion, and the physical and behavioral details that determine what odors we inhale, furnishing broad insights into the psychology of olfaction. -- John P. McGann * Science *A beguiling analysis of olfactory experience that is fast becoming a core reference work in the field. -- Joe Humphreys * Irish Times *Barwich takes us deeper into the human stories, key advances, and dead ends of olfaction science, interspersed with philosophical theory…A timely dispatch from the research trenches, surveying a field in flux. -- Barbara Kiser * Issues in Science and Technology *An impressive work…Undoubtedly one of the most comprehensive and accessible studies of olfaction…Barwich brilliantly dovetails psychology with neurophysiology, detailing how olfaction operates by markedly distinct principles of neural representation in comparison with vision, audition, and somatosensation. -- Ekin Erkan * Perception *Barwich guides the reader into the fascinating science (both historical and contemporary) of odors and olfaction. -- Brad Thompson * The Philosophers’ Magazine *Finding out why mint smells different from a skunk’s spray turns out to be a much harder problem than why red looks different from blue. Barwich tells the fascinating story of why the science of smell has gone down many a false trail, and why the sciences of vision and audition made breakthroughs while olfaction remained mired in mystery. Smellosophy taught me a lot about my brain’s smelly world. -- Patricia Churchland, author of Conscience: The Origins of Moral IntuitionA. S. Barwich’s new book, written with passion and infectious delight, unites history, art, philosophy, and in-depth interviews with pioneers in modern olfaction science. The result will enhance every reader’s appreciation for the role of smell in human life. -- Gordon M. Shepherd, author of Neurogastronomy: How the Brain Creates Flavor and Why It MattersLewis Thomas famously remarked that smell contains ‘all the mysteries’ of biology; figure it out and you will have solved most of them. A. S. Barwich is a superb documentarian of the science behind how the brain detects an enormous range of odorous molecules, while also capturing the wonder of perceiving complex smells that form lasting emotional memories. Smellosophy is a unique and wondrous blend of the science of smell, the art and practice of research, the philosophy of consciousness, and ‘all the mysteries’ in between. -- Stuart Firestein, author of Ignorance: How It Drives ScienceThis is the book on perception we have been waiting for: a scientifically-informed and philosophically astute treatment of our elusive sense of smell. A. S. Barwich skillfully guides us through the history of its study, recent discoveries, and philosophical theorizing about smell, and, in doing so, makes a significant contribution to all three. -- Barry C. Smith, Centre for the Study of the Senses, University of LondonFabulous…[A] serious work that [has] brought me a great deal of pleasure. -- Victoria Moore * Daily Telegraph *A love letter to olfaction. This book effortlessly blends science and philosophy and is a must-read for anyone with a sense of smell. -- Leslie B. Vosshall, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and The Rockefeller UniversityWell-written and engaging, Smellosophy transforms the breakdown of complex concepts into a really good read. This book is an astonishing integration of all aspects of olfaction, relevant to scientists across disciplines as well as to any reader interested in the aromas of wine, coffee, and other scents hidden in our daily experiences. -- Ann Noble, creator of the Wine Aroma WheelBarwich brings the curious science of smell to life through interviews with many of its key players. If you relish mysteries and constructing the logic to solve them, read Smellosophy. -- Terry Acree, Department of Food Science, Cornell UniversityMakes a strong case for rethinking the scientific study of odor perception…Smellosophy works to shape olfaction studies—and neuroscience writ large. -- Nedah N. Nemati * History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences *Especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, when many people temporarily lost their ability to detect smell (and the closely connected sense of taste), this book’s topic is an impetus for important scientific exploration…Smellosophy makes a strong case for rethinking the scientific study of odor perception. -- David Upegui * American Biology Teacher *
£17.95
Oxford University Press A Level Salters Advanced Chemistry for OCR B Year
Book SynopsisPlease note this title is suitable for any student studying: Exam Board: OCR Level: AS/A Level Subject: ChemistryFirst teaching: September 2015First exams: June 2017Written by the University of York project team for Salters Advanced Chemistry, this Student Book supports and extends students through the new linear course while delivering the breadth, depth, and skills needed to succeed in the new A Levels and beyond. It develops true subject knowledge while also developing essential exam skills. The fourth edition combines the Chemical Storyline and Chemical Ideas into a single, integrated volume for the first time, providing ideal support for the new specification.Trade Review"To be recommended" * 5* Amazon reviewer, Dec 2015 *"5*, as promised" * Amazon reviewer, Dec 2015 *"Wonderful book - will hopefully help my son" * 5* Amazon reviewer, Nov 2015 *"Essential" * 5* Amazon reviewer, Oct 2015 *
£999.99
