Chemistry Books

Book Synopsishighly practical and relevant coverage ensured by Editor from industry leading equipment manufacturer readers will quickly be able to understand the key features and capabilities of Raman Spectroscopy detailed examples of all main types of application discussed in detail.Table of ContentsPreface. 1. Introduction to Applied Raman Spectroscopy 1 2. Raman Instrumentation 53 3. Applications of Raman Spectroscopy in the Chemical Industry 106 4. Raman Spectroscopy of Synthetic Polymers 127 5. Process Control Applications for Raman Spectroscopy in the Petroleum Industry 193 6. Review of Pharmaceutical Applications of Raman Spectroscopy 224 7. Biomedical Applications of Raman Spectroscopy: Tissue Differentiation and Potential Clinical Usage 276 8. Recent Raman Spectroscopic Studies of Heterogeneous Catalysts 328 9. Raman Scattering in Carbon Materials 367 10. Semiconductors 435 Subject Index 473 Index of Spectra 477

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Book SynopsisOver the last few years the technologies employed in the production of dry pasta and semolina have changed dramatically. This highly practical book examines these changes and gives commercially relevant information to the reader in the areas of durum wheat, semolina production, pasta mixing and extrusion, shape design and quality assurance.Table of Contents0632053496. Contributors. Preface. Chapter 1. Introduction (R.C. Kill). Chapter 2. Durum Wheat (G. Wiseman). Chapter 3. Advances in Durum Milling. Chapter 4. Pasta Mixing and Extrusion (P.R. Dawe). Chapter 5. Pasta Shape Design (P.R. Dawe). Chapter 6. Pasta Drying. Chapter 7. Additional Ingredients (R.C. Kill). Chapter 8. Quality Assurance in a Dry Pasta Factory (K. Turnbull). Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book is for those familiar with solution-state NMR who are encountering solid-state NMR for the first time. It presents the current understanding and applications of solid-state NMR with a rigorous but readable approach, making it easy for someone who merely wishes to gain an overall impression of the subject without details.Table of ContentsList of Contributors. Preface. Acknowledgements. Part I - The Theory of Solid-State NMR and its Experiments. 1. The Basics of Solid-State NMR. 2. Essential Techniques for Spin-1/2 Nuclei. 3. Dipolar Coupling - its Measurements and Uses. 4. Quadrupolar Coupling - its Measurements and Uses. 5. Shielding and Chemical Shift. Part II - Applications of Solid-state NMR. 6. NMR Techniques for Studying Molecular Motion in Solids. 7. Molecular Structure Determination: Applications in Biology. 8. NMR Studies of Oxide Glass Structure. 9. Porous Materials. 10. Solid Polymers. 11. Liquid-Crystalline Materials. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe first edition of this book established a niche as the only volume with a wide ranging review of analytical chemistry having a focus specific to environmental science. This new edition has been thoroughly revised to take full account of the rapid changes and development in the field over the past five years. Separation science, atomic spectroscopy and speciation determinations are areas in which significant developments have been made, and these are reflected in the new edition. The importance of the assessment of the effects of pollutants on real systems has been recognised by the restructuring of the chapter on biological testing and incorporation of a new one on environmental toxicology. Self-assessment questions have been added. Environmental science was one of the key concerns of the latter part of the twentieth century and will continue to be into the twenty-first. Concerns for environmental protection and public health worldwide have led to extensive legislation. TTrade Review"Environmental chemical analysis is difficult! Finding a book that has the right balance between a detailed treatment of analytical chemistry and a detailed treatment of the environmental context is a considerable challenge. A challenge nevertheless that these authors have risen to…. It would be useful for analytical and environmental chemistry courses, and is affordable by students." (Chemistry in Britain)Table of ContentsContributors v Preface to First Edition xvii Preface to Second Edition xix Part I: General Principles and Techniques 1 1 Introduction 3F. W. Fifield and P. J. Haines 2 Analytical Environmental Data: Assessment and Interpretation 13F. W. Fifield 3 Chemical Principles 36P. J. Haines 4 Titrimetry and Gravimetry 76F. W. Fifield 5 Separation Techniques 91F. W. Fifield 6 General Principles of Spectrometry 118P. J. Haines 7 Atomic Spectrometry 134F. W. Fifield 8 Molecular Spectrometry 161P. J. Haines 9 Measurement of Ionising Radiations and Radionuclides 203F. W. Fifield 10 Electroanalytical Techniques 220E. Buckley-Dhoot 11 Thermal Methods of Analysis 253P. J. Haines 12 Biological Indicators 280R. Manly Part II: Specific Applications 307 13 Speciation 309G. I. Christie 14 The Analysis of Atmospheric Samples 326C. K. Laird 15 Trace Elements 360N. I. Ward 16 Environmental Radiation and Radioactivity 393F. W. Fifield 17 Contaminated Landsites 411F. W. Fifield 18 The Analysis of Water 419F. W. Fifield 19 The Determination of Trace Amounts of Organic Compounds 429C. J. Welch 20 Ecotoxicology 452R.Manley Glossary 471 Index 480

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Book SynopsisOver more than two decades this book has established itself as the first choice for growing numbers of students and practising analysts who require a well-written and concise overview of the principles and practice of analytical chemistry. Recurring themes are improvement in medicine and the environment, the I.T. revolution and its continuing impacts on both analytical methodology and data handling. The successive editions of Principles and Practice of Analytical Chemistry have kept pace with the associated developments in the subject. Significant changes encompass strengthening of the coverage of data handling, together with new material covering rapidly developing subject areas of molecular spectrometry, atomic spectrometry, and separation techniques. Answers to the self- learning problems and exercises are also included. All sections of the book have been fully reviewed and updated as appropriate. The new edition of the book continues to provide a sound and bTrade Review"... excellent and comprehensive..." - Analyst "... a recommended text for all analytical chemistry undergraduates for many years." - Education and Chemistry "... a valuable reference manual." - European Journal of Pharmacological BiopharmacyTable of ContentsThe assessment of analytical data. PH complex agent and solubility equilibria. Separation techniques. Titrimetry and gravimetry. Electrochemical techniques. An introduction to analytical spectrometry. Atomic spectrometry. Molecular spectrometry. Radiochemical methods in analysis. Thermal techniques. Overall analytical procedures and autobation. The role of computers and microprocessors in analytical chemistry. Level introductory/intermediate.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a guide to the use and meaning of toxicological and ecological information in the paper industry, where the information provided by suppliers of paper chemicals to paper mills is analyzed in detail.Trade Review' a clearly written and concise guide to the terminology and its broader meaning.' Mark Macaulay, Paper technology, July 2001Table of ContentsToxicology: Toxicity; Acute studies; Short-term (repeated dose) studies; Long term studies; Chemical Irritancy and Corrosive Effects: The skin; The eye; Respiratory irritation; Chemical Allergies: The immune system; Chemical hypersensitivity; Contact hypersensitivity (allergic contact dermatitis); Respiratory hypersensitivity (Occupational asthma); How to test for allergic reactions; Genetic Toxicology and Carcinogenicity: Mutagenicity; Genetic toxicity testing; Testing for chemical carcinogenicity; Reproductive Toxicology: Reproductive toxicity testing; Ecotoxicology: Aquatic toxicity testing; Short term (acute) and long term (chronic) effects; Test design; Test species; Vertebrates; Invertebrates; Aquatic plants; Chemical Persistence and Bioaccumulation: Biodegradation; BOD and COD tests; Bioaccumulation; Classification and Labelling of Chemicals According to Their Hazardous Nature: Europe, Canada; USA; Handling Chemicals in the Workplace: Risk assessment; Chemical hazards; Regulatory Affairs: Chemical inventories; Food contact regulations; Ecolabelling; HPV programme; Issues of concern; The Material Safety Data Sheet: How to deal with toxicological or ecotoxicological data gaps; Chemical summary sheets; Glossary of terms

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Book SynopsisThe latest technical developments in the chlorine industry are addressed in this work, with emphasis on operational improvements. The effects of economic, political, environmental and safety issues surrounding the industry are covered.Table of ContentsEmission of chlorine dioxide in hypochlorite production unit in the steady state and at peak load; Ethylene Dichloride - Part of the Chloralkali Plant?; New Process Options for Hypochlorite Destruction; Electrode Management Optimisation System; Brine purification by ion exchange with water elution; Chlorine Production with Oxygen Depolarized Cathodes in Industrial Scale; Advanced Diaphragm Cell Technology (ADCT)TM; Chlorine Processing Beyond the Millenium-The Use of Gas-separation Membranes; Advanced Cell Technology with Flemion Membranes and the AZEC Bipolar Electrolyzer; New Electrolyzer Design For High Current Density; Process To Remove Sulfate, Iodide And Silica From Brine; A Dynamic Model Of A Mercury Chlorine Cell; Back-Pulse Filtration Using GORE-TEX? Membrane Filter Cloths Improved Brine Treatment for New Electrolyzers; Cost saving in Chlorine Plants by benefiting from the unique properties of Titanium; The Chlor-Alkali Business. Dr Douglas J Hutchison; Phase-Out Issues For Mercury Cell Technology In The Chlor-Alkali Industry; Euro Chlor Risk Assessment for the Marine Environment; High Current Density Operation of Chloralkali Electrolyzers - The Standard for the New Millennium; Gas Diffusion Electrodes For Chlorine related (production) Technologies; Deactivation Of Thermally Formed Ruo2 + Tio2 Coatings During Chlorine Evolution: Mechanisms And Reactivation Measures; Commercialisation of kvaerner chemetics' Sulphate removal system; Hypochlorite recycle to diaphragm cells at the Diaphragm Electrolysis Plant Delfzijl; 'Practical Operating Differences in Converting a Diaphragm Cell Chloralkali Plant to a Membrane Electrolyser Plant'; Know-how and Technology - Improving The Return On Investment For Conversions, Expansions And New Chlorine Plants; Replacement Of Mercury Chlor-Alkali Plants With New Membrane Plants In Australia; BiChlor Chlor-Alkali Membrane Electrolyser; Index

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Book SynopsisDietary fibre technology is a sophisticated component of the food industry. This highly practical book presents the state--of--the--art and explains how the background science translates into commercial reality.Table of ContentsPreface xvi List of Contributors xix Part 1: Nutrition and Diet for a Healthy Lifestyle 1 1 Nutrition and Diet for Healthy Lifestyles in Europe 3Michael J. Gibney 1.1 The regulatory background in public health nutrition in the EU 3 1.2 Food intake patterns in the EU 3 1.3 Nutrition policy issues in the EU 5 1.4 Conclusions 11 References 11 2 Dietary Advice in North America: the Good, the Bad and the Unheeded 13Julie Miller Jones 2.1 Introduction 13 2.2 Specifics of dietary advice in North America 13 References 20 Part 2: Chemistry, Structure and Rheology 23 3 Light Microscopic Investigations on Dietary Fibre 25Karin Autio 3.1 Introduction 25 3.2 Staining of the main chemical components of cereal cell walls for light microscopy 26 3.3 The effect of purified cell wall degrading enzymes on cell walls 27 3.4 The effect of processing on the microstructure of cell walls 28 References 28 4 Assembly and Rheology of Non-starch Polysaccharides 30Edwin R. Morris 4.1 Introduction 30 4.2 Composition and shape of polysaccharide chains 30 4.3 Solids, solutions and hydrated networks 33 4.4 Rheological measurements 34 4.5 Rheology of polysaccharide solutions, gels and dispersions 35 4.6 Overview 40 References 41 5 The Structures and Architectures of Plant Cell Walls Define Dietary Fibre Composition and the Textures of Foods 42María Jesus Peña, Claudia E. Vergara, and Nicholas C. Carpita 5.1 Introduction 42 5.2 Cell-wall carbohydrates 42 5.3 Structural proteins 50 5.4 Aromatic and other substances 51 5.5 Dynamics in cell-wall architecture 51 5.6 Texture of fruits and vegetables 54 5.7 The special secondary walls of seeds 55 5.8 The biotechnology of dietary fi bres 56 References 57 Appendix 59 Part 3: Measurement of Dietary Fibre and Dietary Fibre Components 61 6 What is Dietary Fibre? A New Look at the Definition 63Leon Prosky 6.1 Introduction 63 6.2 What is dietary fibre? A new look at the definition 63 6.3 The available methods 65 6.4 Dietary fi bre: the definition 68 6.5 The benefits of increased dietary fibre intake 70 6.6 Restrictions on beneficial claims for dietary fibre 71 References 72 7 Development of Dietary Fibre Methodology 77Nils-Georg Asp 7.1 Introduction 77 7.2 Early developments 77 7.3 Definitions of dietary fibre 78 7.4 Classification of food carbohydrates 79 7.5 Enzymatic-gravimetric methods 80 7.6 Collaborative studies 83 7.7 Delimitation problems 85 7.8 Future perspectives 85 References 86 8 Measurement of Dietary Fibre Components: the Importance of Enzyme Purity, Activity and Specificity 89Barry V. McCleary 8.1 Total dietary fibre: introduction 89 8.2 Specific dietary fibre components 95 8.3 Conclusions 104 References 104 9 In-vivo and In-vitro Methods for Resistant Starch Measurement 106Martine Champ, Françoise Kozlowski and Gérard Lecannu 9.1 Introduction 106 9.2 Classification of resistant starches 107 9.3 In-vivo methods 107 9.4 In-vitro methods 110 9.5 Conclusions 117 References 117 Part 4: Regulatory Issues 121 10 Analytical Issues Regarding the Regulatory Aspects of Dietary Fibre Nutrition Labelling 123Jonathan W. DeVries 10.1 Introduction 123 10.2 Why regulate? 123 10.3 Labelling of dietary fibre on food products 125 10.4 Analytical aspects of regulatory enforcement 133 Acknowledgements 137 References 137 11 Regulatory Issues Relating to Dietary Fibre in the European Context 139Paul Coussement Abstract 139 11.1 The EU nutrition labelling directive 139 11.2 National variations 140 11.3 Carbohydrates, polyols and dietary fi bre 140 11.4 The 1994 attempt to come to a definition 141 11.5 Caloric value 142 11.6 Official methods 142 11.7 Nutrient content claims on fibre 142 11.6 The future 144 References 145 Part 5: Health Benefits of Dietary Fibre 147 12 Dietary Fibre in Health and Disease 149David Kritchevsky 12.1 Introduction 149 12.2 Fibre and the gastrointestinal tract 151 12.3 Obesity 151 12.4 Gallbladder disease 152 12.5 Diabetes 152 12.6 Lifestyle diseases 152 12.7 Summary 157 References 158 13 Dietary Fibre, Carbohydrate Metabolism and Chronic Disease 162David J.A. Jenkins, Alexandra L. Jenkins, Cyril W.C. Kendall, Livia Augustine and Vladimir Vuksan 13.1 Introduction 162 13.2 Effect of viscous and non-viscous fibre on glucose, insulin and gut hormones 162 13.3 Fibre in whole food: food form and glycaemic index 163 13.4 Conclusion 165 References 166 14 Dietary Fibre and Gastrointestinal Function 168Barbara O. Schneeman 14.1 Introduction 168 14.2 Characteristics of fibre that affect gastrointestinal function 169 14.3 Relationship between gastrointestinal function and physiological response 171 14.4 Conclusion and summary 173 References 174 15 Dietary Fibres and Dietary Lipids 177Denis Lairon 15.1 Introduction 177 15.2 Fibres can reduce dietary lipid intake 177 15.3 Fibres alter fat digestion 177 15.4 Lipid and sterolileal excretion 180 15.5 Postprandial lipid metabolism and dietary fibres 181 15.6 A comprehensive view of the effects and mode of action of dietary fibres 181 References 183 16 Food Polysaccharides, Glucose Absorption and Insulin Sensitivity 186John C. Mathers and Mark E. Daly 16.1 Syndrome X: central role of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia 186 16.2 Food polysaccharides and glucose absorption rates 187 16.3 Experimental studies of effects of food carbohydrates on insulin sensitivity in humans 191 16.4 Clinical implications 193 16.5 Role of food polysaccharides in healthy eating advice for the public 193 16.6 Conclusions 193 Acknowledgements 194 References 194 17 Fermentation of Oligosaccharides and Influences of Fermentation Products 197Akiko Inagaki and Takashi Sakata 17.1 Bacterial breakdown of oligosaccharides in the large intestine 197 17.2 Absorption of bacterial metabolites from the large intestine 197 17.3 Influence of bacterial metabolites 197 17.4 Characteristics of SCFA effects 199 17.5 Regulating factors of bacterial metabolism in the large intestine 201 17.6 Perspectives and conclusions 203 References 203 18 Cholesterol-lowering Properties of Cereal Fibres and Fractions 206Talwinder S. Kahlon 18.1 Introduction 206 18.2 Oat fibre and fraction 206 18.3 Rice fibre and fractions 211 18.4 Barley fibre and fractions 214 18.5 Conclusions and recommendations 216 References 217 19 Effects of Psyllium on Serum Cholesterol Levels 221Victor L. Fulgoni, III 19.1 Introduction 221 19.2 Cholesterol-lowering effects 221 References 224 20 Non-digestible Carbohydrates and Gut Function: Implications for Carcinogenesis 226Ian Rowland 20.1 Introduction 226 20.2 Direct effects of non-digestible carbohydrates on gut function 226 20.3 Non-digestible carbohydrates and gut microflora composition 227 20.4 Non-digestible carbohydrates and gut bacterial metabolism 227 20.5 Non-digestible carbohydrates and short-chain fatty acids 228 20.6 Influence of RS and NDO on gut functions related to cancer 228 20.7 Conclusions 230 Acknowledgements 230 References 230 21 Cereal Fibre and Heart Disease 232Victor L. Fulgoni, III and Sharon Mueller 21.1 Introduction 232 21.2 Soluble fibre 232 21.3 Epidemiological evidence 233 21.4 Conclusions 234 References 235 Part 6: Technological Aspects 237 22 Developing Fibre-rich Foods in the Twenty-first Century 239Anton J. Alldrick 22.1 Why develop fibre-rich foods? 239 22.2 Key considerations in developing DF-rich foods 240 22.3 Selling the product 245 22.4 Conclusions 246 References 246 23 Technological Aspects of Dietary Fibre 248Friedrich Meuser 23.1 Introduction 248 23.2 Latest developments in the production and use of dietary fibre products 252 23.3 Dietary fibre products obtained from cereals, and enrichment of cereal products 255 23.4 Research approaches to developing dietary fibre products 259 23.5 Summary 265 References 266 24 Oatrim and NutrimX: Technological Development and Nutritional Properties 270George E. Inglett and Craig J. Carriere Disclaimer 270 24.1 Introduction 270 24.2 Oatrim 270 24.3 NutrimX 273 24.4 Summary 275 References 275 25 Effect of Processing on the Properties of Dietary Fibre 277Kaisa Poutanen 25.1 Introduction 277 25.2 Processing 277 25.3 Effects of mechanical processing 278 25.4 Effects of endogenous and added enzymes 278 25.5 Effects of thermal processing 280 25.6 How to optimise the properties of dietary fi bre in food processing 280 References 281 26 Fibres and Fibre Blends for Individual Needs: a Physiological and Technological Approach 283Hano-Ulrich Endress and Jürgen Fischer 26.1 Definition and origin of dietary fibres 283 26.2 Raw material for the isolation of dietary fibres 284 26.3 Physical-chemical aspects 286 26.4 Physiologically nutritional properties of dietary fibres 286 26.5 Additional properties of dietary fibre 289 26.6 Technological aspects of dietary fibre as functional ingredients in foods 289 26.7 Application fields of dietary fibres in food and food supplements 290 26.8 Dietary fibres for a healthy future 297 References 297 Part 7: Cereal Cell-wall Polysaccharides 299 27 Cereal Arabinoxylan: Occurrence, Structure and Properties 301Roger Andersson and Per Åman 27.1 Occurrence 301 27.2 Structural elements 302 27.3 Structure heterogeneity 303 27.4 Arabinoxylan classification by extractability and structure 306 27.5 Properties of arabinoxylan solutions 308 References 311 28 Cereal β-Glucans: Structure, Properties and Health Claims 315Peter J. Wood 28.1 Introduction 315 28.2 Physicochemical characteristics of cereal β-glucan 315 28.3 Clinical studies of oat „µ-glucan 320 28.4 Conclusions 324 References 325 Part 8: Legume-seed Polysaccharides 329 29 Novel Galactomannans and Galacto-manno-oligosaccharides from Guar 331Mariel Brooks, Ross Campbell and Barry V. McCleary 29.1 Introduction 331 29.2 Enzymatic hydrolysis of galactomannans 332 29.3 Properties of industrially produced galactose-depleted guar galactomannans (enzyme-modified guars) 337 29.4 Properties of oligosaccharides produced on hydrolysis of guar gum and enzyme-modified guar samples by β-mannanase 342 29.5 Conclusions 343 References 344 30 Physiological and Technological Functions of Partially Hydrolysed Guar Gum (Modified Galactomannans) 345Lekh Raj Juneja, Senji Sakanaka and Djong-Chi Chu 30.1 Introduction 345 30.2 Physicochemical properties of PHGG 347 30.3 Nutritional and health benefits of PHGG 349 30.4 Safety aspects and applications 356 30.5 Conclusions 357 References 358 31 Dietary Fibres of Lupins and Other Grain Legumes 361Hano Peter Pfoertner and Jürgen Fischer 31.1 Grain legumes in human nutrition 361 31.2 Dietary fibres of grain legumes 362 31.3 Properties of dietary fibres of grain legumes 364 31.4 Application of dietary fibres in food systems 364 References 366 Part 9: Pectins 367 32 Pectins, their Origin, Structure and Functions 369Jean-François Thibault and Marie-Christine Ralet 32.1 Introduction 369 32.2 Industrial pectins 369 32.3 Pectin-rich cell walls as dietary fibre 372 32.4 Conclusions 376 References 376 33 Chemistry and Enzymology of Pectins 379Fons Voragen, Gerrit Beldman and Henk Schols 33.1 Introduction 379 33.2 Chemical structure of pectins 380 33.3 Structural elements of pectin 382 33.4 Enzymes 386 33.5 Analysis of pectins 390 33.6 Concluding remarks 396 References 396 Part 10: Resistant Starch 399 34 Resistant Starch: Plant breeding, Applications Development and Commercial Use 401Ian L. Brown, Ken J. McNaught, David Andrews and Tatsuya Morita 34.1 Introduction 401 34.2 Resistant starch research in Australia 402 34.3 Physiological effects of resistant starch 404 34.4 Use of resistant starch in food 405 34.5 Resistant starch and probiotics 408 34.6 Resistant starch and other applications 409 34.7 Commercialisation 409 34.8 Conclusions 410 References 410 35 In-vivo and In-vitro Digestion of Resistant Starch 413Stephen G. Haralampu 35.1 Introduction 413 35.2 Resistant starch structures 413 35.3 RS and TDF assays 415 35.4 Physiological impact of RS 416 35.5 Fermentable dietary fibres 417 35.6 RS as dietary fibre 418 35.7 Characterisation of an RS3 food ingredient 418 35.8 Prebiotic potential of CrystaLean® 418 35.9 Final remarks 421 Acknowledgements 422 References 422 36 Resistant Starch: Health Aspects and Food Uses 424Gur Ranhotra 36.1 Introduction 424 36.2 Health aspects of resistant starch 424 36.3 Food uses of resistant starch 427 36.4 Conclusions 428 References 428 37 Structural Features of Resistant Starch 430Yong-Cheng Shi and Roger Jeffcoat 37.1 Introduction 430 37.2 Materials and methods 431 37.3 Results and discussion 432 References 439 Part 11: Other Polysaccharides 441 38 Nutritional Benefits of Larch Arabinogalactan 443Ramona Robinson, Jennifer Causey and Joanne L. Slavin 38.1 Introduction 443 38.2 Arabinogalactan structure 443 38.3 Safety of arabinogalactan 444 38.4 Physiological effects of AG 445 38.5 Gastrointestinal effects of AG 445 References 450 Part 12: Oligosaccharides 453 39 Non-digestible Oligosaccharides and Polysaccharides: Their Physiological Effects and Health Implications 455Diederick Meyer and Bryan Tungland 39.1 Introduction 455 39.2 Classes of dietary fibres 455 39.3 Physicochemical characteristics and physiological effects of various fibres 456 39.4 Physicochemical properties and effects on human physiology of selected NDP and NDO 459 39.5 Applications 467 References 468 40 Development and Beneficial Effects of Fructo-oligosaccharides (Neosugar®) 471Hidemasa Hidaka, Takashi Adachi and Masao Hirayama 40.1 Introduction 471 40.2 Research and development of resistant fructo-oligosaccharides 471 40.3 Useful characteristics obtained through intestinal fermentation 473 40.4 Uses as food ingredients and feedstuffs 476 References 478 41 Fructo-oligosaccharides and Other Fructans: Chemistry, Structure and Nutritional Effects 480Francis R.J. Bornet 41.1 Chemistry, structure and origin 480 41.2 Methods to measure sc-FOS in food products 483 41.3 Nutritional aspects 483 41.4 Conclusions 490 References 490 42 Galacto-oligosaccharides: Properties and Health Aspects 494H.C. (Margriet) Schoterman 42.1 Introduction 494 42.2 Properties of galacto-oligosaccacharides 494 42.3 Health aspects of galacto-oligosaccharides 496 42.4 Target groups and applications 499 References 500 43 Polydextrose: Analysis and Physiological Benefits 503Stuart A.S. Craig 43.1 Introduction 503 43.2 Structure of PDX 505 43.3 Analysis of PDX 505 43.4 Physiological benefits of PDX 506 43.5 Conclusions 507 References 507 44 Fibersol-2: a Soluble, Non-digestible, Starch-derived Dietary Fibre 509Kazuhiro Ohkuma and Shigeru Wakabayashi 44.1 Introduction 509 44.2 Production method and basic characteristics of Fibersol-2 509 44.3 Safety of Fibersol-2 511 44.4 Internal movement, energy value and physiological functions of Fibersol-2 511 44.5 Maintenance of digestive tract function by products of intestinal fermentation 516 44.6 Food applications of Fibersol-2 518 44.7 Measuring total dietary fibre in foods containing Fibersol-2 520 References 522 Index 525

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Book SynopsisWho is making money on the Web and who is losing it? This book brings together the first two hundred and fifty stories to appear on the revolutionary food industry intelligence service efoodnews. com.Table of ContentsPreface. Editorial Introduction. Introduction. Part 1: Pioneers and Turning Points. Part 2: Stop Press!. Part 3: Analysis. Part 4: E-Commerce. Part 5: The Big Players. Part 6: USA Models. Part 7: Net Tricks and Resources. Index.

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Book SynopsisConsiderable recent research has focused on the topic of chemical speciation in the environment. It is increasingly realised that the distribution, mobility and biological availability of chemical elements depend not simply on their concentrations but, critically, on the forms in which they occur in natural systems. Continuing developments in analytical chemistry have made speciation practicable even where analytes are present at trace levels (as is often the case in natural samples). In the second edition of this book, the expertise of scientists involved in chemical speciation in various fields have been brought together to provide an overview of the current status of speciation science and indicate how the field may develop in the future.Trade Review"...this book is highly recommended for a broader scientific readership. It should not only find its place on the bookshelf of analytical chemists and 'speciation researchers' but can also serve as an excellent source of information for environmental scientists outside the specialised community." - Journal of Environmental MonitoringTable of ContentsList of Contributors. Preface. 1. Introduction (A.M. Ure and C.M. Davidson). PART I: TECHNIQUES FOR SPECIATION. 2. General Strategies for Speciation (Late W.F. Pickering). 3. Direct Methods of Metal Speciation (B.A. Goodman and S.M. Glidewell). 4. Hybrid Methods of Speciation (G.M. Greenway). 5. Predicting Chemical Speciation and Computer Simulation (D.G. Lumsdon and L.J. Evans). 6. Quality Control in Speciation Studies for Environmental Monitoring (ph. Quevauviller). PART II: Speciation in Compartments of the Environment. 7. Speciation of Metals in the Atmosphere (L.J. Spokes and T.D. Jickells). 8. Speciation in Freshwaters (M. Filella, R.M. Town and J. Buffle). 9. Speciation in Soils (G.S.P. Ritchie and G. Sposito). 10. Chemical Speciation in Soils and Related Materials by Selective Chemical Extraction (A.M. Ure and C.M. Davidson). 11. Speciation of Trace Metals in Sediments (M. Kersten). 12. Speciation in Seawater (R.H. Byrne). 13. Speciation of Radionuclides (B.R. Harvey and K.S. Leonard). 14. Speciation of Metals and Metalloids in Biological Systems (P.H.E. Gardiner). 15. Trends and Developments (R.R. Barefoot). Index.

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Book SynopsisThe first edition described the concept of Integrated Waste Management (IWM), and the use of Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) to provide a way to assess the environmental and economic performance of solid waste systems. Actual examples of IWM systems and published accounts of LCI models for solid waste are now appearing in the literature. To draw out the lessons learned from these experiences a significant part of this 2nd edition focuses on case studies - both of IWM systems, and of where LCI has been used to assess such systems. The 2nd edition also includes updated chapters on waste generation, waste collection, central sorting, biological treatment, thermal treatment, landfill and materials recycling. This 2nd edition also provides a more user-friendly model (IWM-2) for waste managers. To make it more widely accessible, this edition provides the new tool in Windows format, with greatly improved input and output features, and the ability to compare different scenarios. A detailedTable of ContentsIntroduction; Section 1: Integrated Waste Management and Life Cycle Asssessment; Integrated waste management; The development of integrated waste management systems: case studies and their analysis; Life cycle assessment; A life cycle inventory of solid waste; Life cycle inventory case studies; The overall picture; Section 2: Solid Waste Management Systems; Solid waste generation and composition; Waste collection; Central sorting; Biological treatment; Thermal treatment; Landfilling; Materials recycling; Section 3: IWM-2 - A User's Guide; WM-2: a life cycle inventory model for integrated waste management; Waste inputs; Waste collection; MRF and RDF sorting; Biological treatment; Thermal treatment; Landfilling; Materials recycling; Advanced settings; Waste flow button; Streams button; Scenario comparisons; What parameters have changed?

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Book SynopsisRanging from the latest achievements of modern fertility clinics to the lives of subsistence farmers in the rain forests of Africa, this book offers both a remarkably broad and a minutely detailed exploration of human reproduction. Ellison combines the perspectives of anthropology, ecology, and evolutionary biology.Trade ReviewEllison gives a clear, beautifully written account of human reproductive physiology in relation to human evolution and ecology. His very readable narrative--including his stands on some still controversial questions--will enlighten anyone interested in reproduction, population, and people's place on the planet. -- Joel E. Cohen, Professor of Populations at The Rockefeller University and Columbia University, New York and 1999 winner of the Tyler Prize for Environmental AchievementOn Fertile Ground is a fine overview of the role of hormones in human reproduction, and of the way hormones and behavior interact. Authoritative and lively, it is the best place to start. -- Melvin Konner, Emory UniversityA splendid synthesis by one of the pioneers in the study of the evolution of the human reproductive system. Ellison provides a readable, marvelously informative account of the physiology of reproduction as it relates to women's lives. -- Sara Blaffer Hrdy, author of Mother NatureBecause of the many subfields it covers, not to mention the contradictory claims made by its practitioners, human reproduction has been a difficult topic for non-specialists to master. Peter Ellison has now turned a fearsome set of data-rich puzzles into a single elegant story. On Fertile Ground shows readers where the intellectual problems lie, what's wrong with past solutions, and why his views are right. On Fertile Ground is a riveting tale of adaptation and a major contribution to mammalian evolutionary ecology. It shows science at its best. -- Richard Wrangham, author of Demonic MalesOn Fertile Ground provides the finest available integration of detailed information on human reproductive physiology with evolutionary explanations; it can serve as a model for other areas of human biology...A novel synthesis of a fast-growing field, On Fertile Ground will interest specialists and nonspecialists alike and can be used as an undergraduate text as well. It is an excellent read that significantly advances our understanding of human reproduction. -- Hillard S. Kaplan * Science *Peter Ellison grips your attention from his opening contrast between a difficult birth in central Africa that ended in the death of the baby and a successful delivery in the U.S. that mobilised up-to-date medical facilities. He isn't sensationalist. Fascination comes from following the progress from conception to maturity in minute detail...On Fertile Ground is enjoyable and Ellison has an individual voice. -- Roy Herbert * New Scientist *[This book] is truly extraordinary, state-of-the-art book on a topic that concerns all human beings as individuals and a host of others professionally. So many superlatives may seem inappropriate, but they are not. Ellison is a cutting-edge scientist: a leading researcher in the field of human reproductive physiology. He brings to bear an unparalleled perspective--derived from both anthropology and biology--that makes a diverse and conflicting field of research suddenly comprehensible by demanding that human reproduction be viewed as the product of evolution, responsive to ecological conditions, with its own unique evolutionary history. -- Jane B. Lancaster * Harvard Magazine *Given Peter Ellison's major contributions to reproductive ecology, it should come as no surprise that he has written a unique, readable book on what determines and influences reproductive success in humans...One of the hallmarks of this book is that, in his efforts to understand why human reproduction has evolved its own particular pattern, Ellison repeatedly asks questions that would never cross the minds of many of us, and in so doing stimulates new ways of thinking about old topics...This is an excellent and thoughtful discussion of the many interesting theories surrounding human reproductive physiology and its constraints. Written in accessible language, it should appeal to a non-academic audience as well as the specialist. It could also be assigned as a graduate and/or undergraduate supplementary text in courses on human reproductive ecology/behavioral biology or reproductive physiology. I can thoroughly recommend it to any and all of these readers! -- Gillian R. Bentley * Journal of Human Evolution *This is an splendid book that is so clearly written and yet so rigorously detailed that it can be recommended to teenage daughters and sons as well as specialists in reproductive ecology and life history theory. The book covers everything about the female reproductive system in intricate detail from conception and early fetal development through childhood, the onset of sexual maturation, female ovulatory cycling, pregnancy, birth and lactation and finally through menopause and the post reproductive lifespan. It also includes a fascinating chapter on male reproductive physiology that clearly explains how the sexes are similar and how and why males are different...Peter Ellison has been an outstanding leader of the field of reproductive ecology for more than 20 years. This book is the distillation of his ideas over that time period and a sparklingly transparent presentation of what sometimes seems to be a muddy pond of complicated details...It will undoubtedly be on the forefront of a new era in human reproductive studies, helping to lead those who study human reproductive patterns back down a pathway where questions and hypothesis about functional design are central, and firmly grounded in the realization that the whole system evolved by natural selection. -- Kim Hill * Journal of Anthropological Research *Ellison describes the evolution of human reproduction clearly and concisely, beginning with the forces that shaped the process of conception and proceeding to the reproductive process, birth, and the subsequent six months of development...Sure to delight anyone interested in the external forces that helped create humanity. -- Bonnie Johnston * Booklist *In clean, elegant prose, Ellison has crafted a synthesis of current knowledge in a range of disciplines...his exposition offers a superb overview. -- Bethany Torode * Books & Culture *Table of ContentsTwo Births Surviving the First Cut A Time to Be Born The Elixir of Life Why Grow Up? Balancing Act The Arc of Life The Body Builders The Journey and the Procession Notes Acknowledgments List of Illustrations Index

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Book SynopsisRoger Newton, whose previous works have been widely praised for erudition and accessibility, presents a history of physics from the early beginning to our day—with the associated mathematics, astronomy, and chemistry. His work identifies what may well be the defining characteristic of physics in the 21st century.Trade ReviewThis is an illuminating chronicle of mankind's adventures, over six millennia, in pursuit of physical laws. It is enhanced by lucid exposition of challenges and concepts, with engaging portraits of many avid actors in a grand, abiding drama. -- Dudley Herschbach, Frank B. Baird, Jr. Professor of Science, Harvard UniversityAlthough there are several books on the history of physics, none is as up-to-date, comprehensive, and well-written as Newton's. Most other books either provide a very superficial explanation of the concepts and theories, or are too technical for most non-scientists to understand. Newton manages to maintain a consistent level and style, and to say just enough about the difficult issues to get the reader interested but not overwhelmed -- Stephen G. Brush, Distinguished Professor Emeritus of the History of Science, University of MarylandNewton's account is superb. He is magnificent at explaining the profound influence of mathematics on the development of physics. The historical relationships between subdisciplines, such as thermodynamics and statistical physics, are illuminated. Numerous biographical sketches add a lively dynamic to an enjoyable book. -- Simon Mitton * Times Higher Education Supplement *This book attempts in one volume to give a history of physics, from the dawn of mankind to the present day. It is a formidable task but one which I believe has been largely successful. -- Peter Ford * History of Physics Newsletter *From the properties of matter to the constituents of the universe, this book illustrates how discoveries old and new have created modern physics. * Science News *Table of ContentsPrologue 1. Beginnings 2. The Greek Miracle 3. Science in the Middle Ages 4. The First Revolution 5. Newton's Legacy 6. New Physics 7. Relativity 8. Statistical Physics 9. Probability 10. The Quantum Revolution 11. Fields, Nuclei, and Stars 12. The Properties of Matter 13. The Constituents of the Universe Epilogue Notes Sources and Further Reading Index

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Book SynopsisAn American of wide-ranging interests and overflowing energy, Benjamin Thompson applied his scientific and technical knowledge to the improvement of public service and welfare institutions in Bavaria (a service for which he was made Count Rumford), Ireland, England, and Italy. In the process, he made important discoveries in physics. In this new edition of Rumford's Works, Sanborn Brown has arranged his writings according to subject matter: this first volume contains his papers on the nature of heat, and includes one paper which has never before been published in English. The volume begins with Rumford's paper on the production of heat by friction, and continues with descriptions of the experiments by which he showed that heat has no weight, and his essays on the propagation of heat in solids and fluids. Subsequent volumes contain papers on practical applications of heat, devices and techniques (including studies of fireplaces and chimneys), armament, light and color, and on such public establishments and organizations as poorhouses, the army of Bavaria, and the Royal Institution in London.

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Book SynopsisLike his countryman and contemporary Benjamin Franklin, Benjamin Thompson (later Count Rumford) aimed by his inventions and scientific research to increase the degree of comfort in daily life. During the fourteen years spent in Munich, he made important reforms in the city's public service and social welfare institutions; he also introduced improvements in the hospitals and workhouses in Ireland, England, and Italy. Rumford's contributions to our knowledge of the nature of heat were as valuable as Franklin's to our knowledge of electricity. Volume I of this edition of Rumford's Works contained his papers on the nature of heat. This second volume presents Rumford's work on the practical applications of heat. Of particular interest are his papers on the propagation of heat in liquids, chimney fire-places, supplementary observations on chimney fire-places, and the management of fire and the economy of fuel. Subsequent volumes contain papers on devices and techniques, light and armament, and public institutions.

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Book SynopsisBenjamin Thompson (later Count Rumford) aimed by his inventions and scientific research to increase the degree of comfort in daily life. His goals were practical and his contributions to our knowledge of the nature of heat proved extremely valuable. Between 1870 and 1875, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in Boston published all of Rumford's papers that the Academy committee was able to find. The Academy edition, however, has long been out of print and practically unavailable. Here Sanborn Brown has rearranged the papers according to subject matter. Volume I contains Rumford's papers on the nature of heat; the second covers its practical applications. This third volume contains his papers on devices and techniques, including Use of Steam for Transporting Heat; Means of Heating the Hall of the (French) Institute; New Boiler for Saving Fuel; Steam Heat for Making Soap; Fires in Closed Fire-Places; Kitchen Fire-Places; Salubrity of Warm Rooms; Salubrity of Warm Bathing; The Strength of Silk; Quantities of Absorbed Moisture; Advantage of Wheels with Broad Felloes; and Proposals for Building a Frigate.

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Book SynopsisLike his countryman and contemporary Benjamin Franklin, Benjamin Thompson (later Count Rumford) aimed by his inventions and scientific research to increase the degree of comfort in daily life. During fourteen years spent in Munich, he made important reforms in the city's public service and social welfare institutions; he also introduced improvements in the hospitals and workhouses in Ireland, England, and Italy. His goals were practical, and his contributions to our knowledge of the nature of heat were as valuable as Franklin's to our knowledge of electricity. Rumford believed heat to be a form of energy, and worked to demolish the widely held material theory of heat. Between 1870 and 1875 the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in Boston published Rumford's complete Works, financing the project with part of the increase of a fund that Rumford himself had given to the Academy in 1796. This edition presented, in order of their first appearance, all the papers that the Academy committee was able to find. The Academy edition has long been out of print and practically unavailable. In this edition Sanborn Brown has rearranged the papers according to subject matter. Rumford's papers dealing with light and with armament are contained in this fourth volume. They include Intensity of Light; Coloured Shadows; Harmony of Colors; Chemical Properties of Light; Management of Light; Source of Light in Combustion; Air from Water Exposed to Light; Description of a New Lamp; Experiments upon Gunpowder; Force of Fired Gunpowder; and Experiments with Cannon.

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Book SynopsisDrawing on alchemical theory, Édouard Laugier and Auguste Laurent set out to find the vital essence of life through the craft of perfumes. While drawing the ire of enlightened Bohemian Paris, they discovered fundamental differences in the structures of naturally occurring and synthetic molecules, inaugurating a persistent scientific mystery.Trade ReviewAlmost impossible to put down…Written with the propulsive flow of a novel, [Elixir] unfolds in two interconnected but sequential stories, each following a scientific hero…A whirlwind tour from the point of view of pomades, perfumes, and eau de cologne. -- Michael D. Gordin * Science *[Elixir] vividly evokes cultural life in Bohemian Paris, the turbulence of the French Revolution and its aftermath, and the feuds that plagued rival scientists…Levitt’s social history, especially of perfume, is fascinating. -- Moira Hodgson * Wall Street Journal *A delightful history of science and scent at the dawn of the modern age. -- Tony Barber * Financial Times *Pulling from historical publications and personal writings, Theresa Levitt vividly explains why perfume—bathed in, lathered on, and orally consumed—had a chokehold on Parisian life. * Scientific American *[A] fascinating account of the birth pangs of organic chemistry in 19th-century Paris…[Levitt] has caught well these dreaming, competitive, daring men in the act of living, each striving compulsively for the giddy, intoxicating bliss of insight into the making of the world. -- Matthew Lyons * The Times *Focuses on early nineteenth-century bohemian Paris, where the movers and shakers in big-business perfumery battled for advantage against a revolutionary backdrop…The combination of careful research and anecdote in Theresa Levitt’s book makes reading about these entrepreneurs a pleasure. -- Sarah Everts * Times Literary Supplement *Comprehensive…Levitt is especially good at evoking the all-consuming nature of scientific rivalry. * The Economist *[An] extraordinary book, which begins with perfumes and ends by having us think about the origin of life itself. Édouard Laugier would have approved. -- Christoph Irmscher * Chapter 16 *If you read this book you will be changed. For those of us who make a living assembling words to describe smells, this book feels like an actual elixir. Absolutely stunning. -- Kiese Laymon, MacArthur Fellow and author of Heavy: An American MemoirDizzying and fragrant with elegant and riveting sentences, Levitt takes us on a most fascinating journey from the bloody revolutions to the chemistry labs of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century France, all to glimpse the glorious pursuit of scent. Truly a captivating achievement! -- Aimee Nezhukumatathil, author of World of Wonders: In Praise of Fireflies, Whale Sharks, and Other Astonishments‘Here is where the story begins,’ promises Levitt at the end of her prologue, and though it’s only page four, already we’re hooked. Who knew that the history of perfume would incorporate not only alchemy, botany, and fermentation, but intrigue, secrets, and scandal? This thoroughly researched tale is also thoroughly gripping and thoroughly readable. Elixir is a fabulous accomplishment. -- Beth Ann Fennelly, Poet Laureate of Mississippi and author of Heating & Cooling: 52 Micro-MemoirsElixir is a fascinating tale of discovery, wonder, and revolution. Beautifully written and deeply researched, it shows how the paths to artificial dyes, bottled soda, and Pasteur’s breakthrough all ran through a humble perfume shop. With remarkable historical and literary skill, Levitt reveals how the quest to supply queenly scents and Napoleon’s bathwater ended up interrogating the most profound questions of life and death. -- Matthew Stanley, author of Einstein’s War: How Relativity Triumphed Amid the Vicious Nationalism of World War IAs Paris was rocked by waves of revolutionary zeal, and lines blurred between cosmetics and medicines, two ambitious young chemists raced to investigate whether there was something special—even unique—about matter that comes from living things. A riveting read! -- David Kaiser, author of Quantum Legacies: Dispatches from an Uncertain WorldAt a time when the boundaries between scientists, salesmen, and charlatans were as blurry as productive, Levitt describes how investigations about health and hygiene were inseparable from the desire to smell good. The laboratories that gave us modern chemistry were not places where the disturbances of the outside world were kept out, but rather where they were welcomed in to be distilled and repackaged in their most intoxicating form. This highly original work shows us that scientific truth is not only messier than we have previously considered it to be—it is smellier. -- Jimena Canales, author of Bedeviled: A Shadow History of Demons in Science

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Book SynopsisHere the philosopher and physicist David Z Albert argues, among other things, that the difference between past and future can be understood as a mechanical phenomenon of nature and that quantum mechanics makes it impossible to present the entirety of what can be said about the world as a narrative of “befores” and “afters.”Trade ReviewValuable for readers seriously interested in scientific metaphysics… Albert offers a piercing analysis of modern physics. -- David Kordahl * Los Angeles Review of Books *This work will influentially speak [to advanced students in both philosophy and physics]. -- P. D. Skiff * Choice *After Physics consists of eight brilliant essays in Albert’s inimitable style exploring connections between fundamental physical theories (in particular quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics) and central issues in metaphysics and epistemology. It will stimulate a great deal of discussion among those interested in matters on the border between physics and philosophy. -- Barry Loewer, Rutgers University

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Book SynopsisLooks at the application of chemical biomarkers to aquatic ecosystems. This book describes the structure, biochemical synthesis, analysis, and reactivity of each class of biomarkers. It offers a selection of relevant applications to aquatic systems, including lakes, rivers, estuaries, oceans, and paleoenvironments.Trade Review"Bianchi and Canuel have teamed up to create a comprehensive work on chemical biomarkers in aquatic ecosystems... [T]he first textbook of its kind."--Choice "Chemical Biomarkers in Aquatic Ecosystems is a significant contribution to the field of organic biogeochemistry... The combined discussions of both the biochemical formation of the biomarkers, as well as of their utility as process indicators is of particular importance and almost unique to this book. Thus, the reader will be able to understand the biogeochemical basis for the use of these compounds as biomarkers, rather than taking their applicability on faith. This alone is a significant difference between this book and all others, and puts Chemical Biomarkers in Aquatic Systems in a class of its own."--Josef P. Werne, American MineralogistTable of ContentsPreface xi Acknowledgments xix Chapter 1. Metabolic Synthesis 1 Chapter 2. Chemical Biomarker Applications to Ecology and Paleoecology 19 Chapter 3. Stable Isotopes and Radiocarbon 30 Chapter 4. Analytical Chemical Methods and Instrumentation 49 Chapter 5. Carbohydrates: Neutral and Minor Sugars 79 Chapter 6. Proteins: Amino Acids and Amines 98 Chapter 7. Nucleic Acids and Molecular Tools 127 Chapter 8. Lipids: Fatty Acids 144 Chapter 9. Isoprenoid Lipids: Steroids, Hopanoids, and Triterpenoids 169 Chapter 10. Lipids: Hydrocarbons 185 Chapter 11. Lipids: Alkenones, Polar Lipids, and Ether Lipids 207 Chapter 12. Photosynthetic Pigments: Chlorophylls, Carotenoids, and Phycobilins 221 Chapter 13. Lignins, Cutins, and Suberins 248 Chapter 14. Anthropogenic Markers 267 Appendix I. Atomic Weights of Elements 287 Appendix II. Useful SI Units and Conversion Factors 291 Appendix III. Physical and Chemical Constants 293 Glossary 295 Bibliography 309 Index 385

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Fascinating."—Publishers Weekly "The periodic chart now hangs on the wall of countless classrooms, and occupies textbooks, websites and T-shirts. . . . Working long before nuclear scientists reached Los Alamos, Mendeleev was this kingdom’s first successful cartographer."—Simon Schaffer, London Review of Books "Engaging. . . . [T]he most comprehensive biography in English about Mendeleev."—Ursula Klein, Physics Today "Highly readable."—Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent, Nature "This fine book presents a compelling portrait of Mendeleev as a Russian thinker, a member of the small cohort of Petersburg elite who shaped Russian science, politics, and culture. . . . For anyone interested in Mendeleev or the place of science in late nineteenth-century Russia, this is required reading."—Mark B. Adams, Slavic Review "A serious and interesting exploration of the life and times of Dmitrii Mendeleev."—Carmen Giunta, Foundations of Chemistry

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Book SynopsisThis exciting new reader brings together some of the best recent sociological writing on British society. The volume features carefully selected extracts from books and journals, which have been chosen for the high quality of their sociological analysis and their relevance to understanding social change.Trade ReviewUp-to-date, relevant and chosen with care, this collection is essential reading for students and their teachers.' Stephen Hill, Professor of Sociology, London School of EconomicsTable of ContentsPreface: How to use this book. Acknowledgements. 1. Changing Britian. . Part 1 Globalization. 2. Global economy (Peter Dicken). 3. Local interpretations of global music (Andy Bennett). 4. The framing of Scottish national identity (Frank Bechhofer, David McCrone, Richard Kiely and Robert Stweart). 5.Local and global political protest (Sasha Roseneil). Part 2 Social Divisions. 6.The restructuring of work since 1980 (Duncan Gallie, Michael White, Yuan Cheng and Mark Tomlinson). 7.The persistence of class inequalities (John Westergaard). 8.The condition of the contemporary middle classes (Mike Savage). 9. In search of a British underclass (Fiona Devine). 10.Women at work in the City of London (Linda McDowell). 11.Work, gender and unemployment (Lydia Morris). 12. Women avoiding being working class (Women Avoiding being Working Class (Beverly Skeggs). 13. Racial harassment (Satnam Virdee). . Part 3 Family and Household. 14.Changing families (Sarah Irwin). 15. Divorce and the new family (Carol Smart). 16. British youth cultures in the 1990s (Ken Roberts). . 17.Family relationships and family responsibilities (Janet Finch and Jennifer Mason). 18.The local networks of the elderly (Chris Phillipson, Miriam Bernard, Judith Phillips and Jim Ogg). Part 4 Fragmentary Cultures. 19. The dance music industry (David Hesmondhalgh). 20.The transformation of the British Press (Brian McNair). 21.Food and class (Alan Warde). 22.The relationship between television and real life in a London Punjabi community (Marie Gillespie). 23. Shopping and the work of femininity (Celia Lury). 24. Consumption, tribes and identity (Kevin Hetherington). Part 5 Old and New Politics. 25. The political implications of the 1997 General Election (David Sanders). 26. The social backgrounds of MPs (Pippa Norris and Joni Lovenduski). 27.Sexuality and citizenship (Diane Richardson). 28. Social class and choice of secondary schooling (Sharon Gewirtz, Stephen Ball and Richard Bowe). 29. Student peer groups and Masculinity (Mairtin Mac an Ghaill). 30.Women's careers in teaching (Sandra Acker). 31.Inequalities in Health (Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health). 32. New Public attitudes and the NHS (K. Judge, J.-A. Mulligan and B.). 33. Juvenile Crime (Anne Worrall). 34. Moral Panics about sex and AIDS (Kenneth Thompson). Index.

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Book SynopsisEvidence and knowledge are fundamental in professional practice. A key skill for social workers is understanding how to use the range of sources available.Trade Review'This is a refreshing book from so many angles. I find it engaging as well as sophisticated in its coverage of ideas and issues crucial to the average practitioner. It introduces a broad spread of theories and perspectives in an accessible and meaningful way.'Jan Fook, Royal Holloway University of London 'While notions of evidence-based practice and the importance of research mindedness have moved to the centre of policy, education and practice in social work, the literature available to help make sense of and implement these ideas is very limited. Evidence and Knowledge for Practice makes a huge contribution to filling that gap. It succeeds in being intellectually rigorous yet accessible and is an invaluable guide to students, lecturers, policy-makers and practitioners on how to understand and use evidence and knowledge in social work.'Harry Ferguson, University of NottinghamTable of ContentsIntroduction. Chapter 1: Knowledge: Philosophy, Theory and Practice. Chapter 2: Intervention: Does it Work? Research, Evidence and Evidence-based Practice. Chapter 3: Service Users: Justice and Power? Chapter 4: Research Knowledge. Chapter 5: Understanding Policy Frameworks. Chapter 6: Practitioner Knowledge. Chapter 7: The Agency: Shaping a Learning Organization (Ian Shaw). Chapter 8: Evaluating in Practice (Ian Shaw). Conclusion. Bibliography.

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Book SynopsisTrade Review“Since 2004, Ruth Lister’s book has been the definitive text on poverty. This new edition is destined to replace the first as a must-have volume for anyone interested in social policy, and to become the go-to source whenever poverty is discussed.”Robert Walker, Beijing Normal University and University of Oxford “Ruth Lister offers a rare combination of great professional expertise and moral authority and an abiding commitment to ways of tackling poverty effectively. The result is a highly readable and unusually insightful book about shaping a decent and compassionate society.”Philip Alston, former UN Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights“For anyone who has an interest in understanding and tackling poverty be they a community worker, social worker, youth worker, think tank policy wonk, academics, local councillor or MP, this is an essential, comprehensive and rewarding read. I highly recommend that, along with putting regular shifts in at your local food bank, you find the time to purchase a copy and read it.”vulnerability360.org.uk“This book shows that even while political, media and popular discourses and attitudes can be deeply dehumanising, they can also heal and empower.”ATD Fourth World UK“Lister's book offers vital insight into how poverty is actually experienced. [… She] discusses redistribution of resources to address the material aspects of poverty, and recognition and respect to address the non‐material aspects of poverty so powerfully described in this important book.”Child Poverty Action Group“The first edition of Poverty has been a, if not the, key text on poverty since 2004; this new edition is likely to replace the first on the bookshelves of scholars, policy makers and practitioners concerned about poverty.”Sociology“There can be no doubting Lister’s expertise in or commitment to her area of study. … for anyone seeking a comprehensive overview of the state of poverty studies at the start of the 2020s it is both an essential and engaging read. It will undoubtedly be lifted off the shelf as a first point of reference on many future occasions.”Journal of Social Security LawTable of ContentsIntroduction Chapter 1. Defining Poverty Chapter 2. Measuring poverty Chapter 3. Inequality, social divisions and the differential experience of poverty Chapter 4. Discourses of poverty: from Othering to respect Chapter 5. Poverty and agency: from getting by to getting organized Chapter 6: Poverty, human rights and citizenship Conclusion: From concept to politics

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Book SynopsisContemporary social work cannot be understood without an appreciation of the broader context of social policy in which it takes place. Such an understanding is increasingly important as social workers are expected to work across institutional, professional and even national boundaries in new ways profoundly affected by the changing global context.Trade Review"Beautifully written and informed by extensive scholarship, Social Policy for Social Work will be of value to a wide range of audiences. Students will find its accessible style most helpful, and academics will find it a vital reference point for teaching in this area. It is really excellent and I recommend it wholeheartedly."Brid Featherstone, University of Huddersfield "This book will be essential reading for social work students, practitioners and educators. It makes a uniquely thoughtful and analytical contribution to the knowledge base for practice, and offers a comprehensive introduction for social workers to contemporary thinking in social policy. A must read!"Kate Morris, University of Sheffield "Social work is intrinsically impacted and, in part, defined by its context of social values, social theories and social policies. This book brilliantly explores these interactions and also why social work is a profession which should be treasured and championed. I found it informative, illuminating and invigorating. I expect you will too."Ray Jones, professor of social work at Kingston University and St George's, University of London "Lorraine Green and Karen Clarke have produced a book that is well written, and in fact in places is exquisitely written. ... This really is a must book for social work students that are studying social policy." British Journal of Social Work �This is a highly accessible, well-written and challenging book [�. T]he authors have sought to locate social work within a context of social values, the wider social policy agenda and a recognition of the power of political ideologies, impacting at the individual, family, market and the state levels. [�] The book provides an excellent introduction for social work and social policy students whilst reminding social workers of the need to uphold their professional values in negotiating the personal and the political.� Hugh McLaughlin, Journal of Social Policy �The book presents a comprehensive analysis of the challenges facing social work by situating practice within its wider social policy context. It is carefully argued, well-referenced and [�] makes a positive contribution to the literature. Its recognition of problems outside the Global North strengthens its global appeal. [�] The enduring quality of the book is that it demonstrates the complex relationship between policy and practice in the continuing search for greater equality and social justice.� International Journal of Social WelfareTable of ContentsIntroductionChapter 1: Tracing the Roots of Welfare and the Evolution of Social Policy and Social WorkChapter 2: Welfare Ideologies, Social Policy and Social WorkChapter 3: Social Problems and Social WorkChapter 4: Social Justice, Citizenship and EqualityChapter 5: How Social Work is Organized: institutional arrangements and governanceChapter 6: Social Work in Practice: the interface between the individual and the stateChapter 7: Social Work and GlobalizationChapter 8: Conclusion and Bringing it all TogetherBibliography

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Book SynopsisPeople protest to try to change the world, because they think they can help change the world, and sometimes they do. But not by themselves, and generally not just how and when they want. This incisive book explains how groups of ordinary individuals can affect the world, what makes it possible when it works, and why it sometimes doesn't go to plan. Digging into previous scholarship on social movements, David S. Meyer looks at the origins of social movements, how they contrast with revolutionary campaigns, and assesses the periodic influence of activists on politics, policy, culture, and the way people live their lives. He concludes by stressing the narratives about political change that activists construct and the power that lies in these stories. With sharp insight and a wealth of intriguing cases, this book offers a fuller understanding of the politics and potential payoffs of protest politics.?Trade Review“With characteristic eloquence and humor, realism and optimism, David Meyer has given us a new book about the success (sometimes) of social movements, both in America and abroad. Readers will appreciate Meyer’s talent for synthesis, presenting complex arguments with clarity, and unearthing the deeper meanings behind familiar tropes. In a world that has become ever more protest-prone, Meyer’s book will take its place alongside classics like Tilly’s From Mobilization to Revolution and Gamson’s Strategy of Social Protest.”Sidney Tarrow, author of Power in Movement “David Meyer draws on expertise accumulated through a career studying and analyzing social movements to take the reader through the lifecycle of a social movement to understand how social movements sometimes lead to protest in the streets, revolution, political change, and all sorts of social and cultural outcomes.”Dana R. Fisher, University of MarylandTable of ContentsIntroduction Chapter 1. Why Movements Emerge and How They Work Chapter 2. Protest, Revolution, and Regime Change Chapter 3. Protest and Policy Chapter 4. Protest, Organizations, and Institutionalization Chapter 5. Protest Movements, Culture, and Participants Chapter 6. Claiming Credit References

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Book SynopsisUnderstanding the Life Course provides a uniquely comprehensive guide to the entire life course from an interdisciplinary perspective. Combining important insights from sociology and psychology, the book presents the concept?s theoretical underpinnings in an accessible style, supported by real-life examples. From birth and becoming a parent, to death and grieving for the loss of others, Lorraine Green explores all stages of the life course through key research studies and theories, in conjunction with issues of social inequality and critical examination of lay viewpoints. She highlights the many ways the life course can be interpreted, including themes of linearity and multidirectionality, continuity and discontinuity, and the interplay between nature and nurture. The second edition updates key data and includes additional material on topics such as new technologies, changing markers of transitions to adulthood, active ageing, resilience and neuropsychology. Trade Review"It is excellent to have this second edition of Understanding the Life Course. It is thoroughly updated and Lorraine Green has continued to provide us with a text which is both ambitious and very readable. It will be invaluable to a range of students on both academic and professional courses who require an insightful and integrated sociological and psychological analysis of the life course." - Nigel Parton, University of Huddersfield "A thorough understanding of the life course requires a strong grasp of both macro- and micro-social influences on our lives, ranging from major historical events to our most intimate family relationships. This excellent book is the only one I know of to put its interdisciplinary approach front and centre, underscoring the ways that psychological theories of identity and development, and sociological research on inequalities, shape the diversity of human experiences in childhood, adolescence, adulthood and old age. An original, engaging and informative book that will be well received across a range of social science disciplines." - Deborah Carr, Professor of Sociology, Rutgers University "Lorraine Green has produced an outstanding second version of this successful and wide-ranging book. Retaining the sophistication and accessibility of the first edition, she has carefully updated material, including new nuanced analyses of the concept of resilience and neuro-developmental understandings." - Sue White, Professor of Social Work, University of BirminghamTable of ContentsIntroductionChapter 1: Key Life Course Principles and TheoriesChapter 2: Traditional and Modern Psychological Approaches to ChildrenChapter 3: The New Social Studies of ChildhoodChapter 4: Adolescence and YouthChapter 5: Young AdulthoodChapter 6: Middle AdulthoodChapter 7: Old AgeChapter 8: Death, Dying, Grief and LossConclusion

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewDr. Lawrence's book fills a niche for understanding fat metabolism in health and disease. His work is a valuable reference for practicing physicians, nurses, dietitians, and nutritional counselors. -- Lester Mayers, M.D. * director of sports medicine, Pace University *Dr. Lawrence expertly ties together a detailed look at the chemistry of lipids with their roles in both normal human biology and human disease.**Must have reviewer's permission to run any changes** -- Robert Greenwald, M.D. * Professor of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine *A well-documented resource that can help physicians understand, critique, and contribute to the ongoing discussion about nutrition and health that patients are now having without them. * Minnesota Medicine *Lawrence presents a case to revise the recommendations on dietary fats and carbohydrates. The book will be especially valuable for those giving dietary advice or studying dietary recommendations. Highly recommended. * Choice *Table of ContentsThe dietary fat doctrine Lipid terminology, structure, and function Some dietary fats are essential Signals, messengers, and responses Oxidation and lipid peroxidation Atherosclerosis Risk factors in cardiovascular disease Lipid-lowering drugs Inflammation, anti-inflammatory drugs, and lipid mediators Cancer and immunity Neurological development, memory, and learning Functional disorders of the nervous system Neurodegenerative diseases Obesity : health consequences and dietary influences Dietary choices for comprehensive health

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Book SynopsisLike many industrialized regions, the Philadelphia metro area contains pockets of environmental degradation. However, other neighbourhoods within and around the city are relatively pristine. This eye-opening book reveals that such environmental inequalities did not occur by chance, but were instead the result of specific policy decisions that served to exacerbate endemic classism and racism.Trade Review"Strong, innovative, and timely, From Workshop to Waste Magnet beautifully demonstrates the necessity of understanding the dynamism of environmental inequality struggles. A truly important and ambitious book." -- David N. Pellow * University of California, Santa Barbara *"From Workshop to Waste Magnet provides a rich analysis of how structures of class power and white privilege are the root causes of environmental inequality in Philadelphia. A critically important must-read for all those concerned with environmental justice." -- Daniel Faber * Northeastern University *“A richly layered study of hazardous waste and its many discontents … Sicotte's book offers a model multicausal analysis of environmental burdening. At one level, she shows that environmental burdens are spread across Philadelphia in ways that might encourage activists, business leaders, and politicians to work together and address common problems. At another level, she challenges scholars to refine their analyses of environmental justice in ways that highlight the intersection of class, ethnicity, and race. It is a timely and rewarding book." * H-Pennsylvania *"Booming postindustrial neighborhoods often overlook polluted past" by Patrick Sisson * Curbed *"Justice in Chester" documentary, WITF Harrisburg (PBS affiliate), interview with Diane Sicotte * Justice in Chester *Table of ContentsContents List of FiguresList of MapsList of Tables Acknowledgements Introduction 1 Measuring Environmental Inequalities in the Philadelphia Area in 20102 Theorizing Urban Environmental Inequality3 The Rise of Industrial Philadelphia4 Environmental Inequality from 1950 to 19695 From Workshop to Waste Magnet: Environmental Burdening After 19706 Intersectionality and Environmental Inequality in the Philadelphia Region7 Toward a “Rustbelt” Theory of U.S. Environmental Inequality AppendixNotesIndex

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Book SynopsisLike many industrialized regions, the Philadelphia metro area contains pockets of environmental degradation. However, other neighbourhoods within and around the city are relatively pristine. This eye-opening book reveals that such environmental inequalities did not occur by chance, but were instead the result of specific policy decisions that served to exacerbate endemic classism and racism.Trade Review"Strong, innovative, and timely, From Workshop to Waste Magnet beautifully demonstrates the necessity of understanding the dynamism of environmental inequality struggles. A truly important and ambitious book." -- David N. Pellow * University of California, Santa Barbara *"From Workshop to Waste Magnet provides a rich analysis of how structures of class power and white privilege are the root causes of environmental inequality in Philadelphia. A critically important must-read for all those concerned with environmental justice." -- Daniel Faber * Northeastern University *“A richly layered study of hazardous waste and its many discontents … Sicotte's book offers a model multicausal analysis of environmental burdening. At one level, she shows that environmental burdens are spread across Philadelphia in ways that might encourage activists, business leaders, and politicians to work together and address common problems. At another level, she challenges scholars to refine their analyses of environmental justice in ways that highlight the intersection of class, ethnicity, and race. It is a timely and rewarding book." * H-Pennsylvania *"Booming postindustrial neighborhoods often overlook polluted past" by Patrick Sisson * Curbed *"Justice in Chester" documentary, WITF Harrisburg (PBS affiliate), interview with Diane Sicotte * Justice in Chester *Table of ContentsContents List of FiguresList of MapsList of Tables Acknowledgements Introduction 1 Measuring Environmental Inequalities in the Philadelphia Area in 20102 Theorizing Urban Environmental Inequality3 The Rise of Industrial Philadelphia4 Environmental Inequality from 1950 to 19695 From Workshop to Waste Magnet: Environmental Burdening After 19706 Intersectionality and Environmental Inequality in the Philadelphia Region7 Toward a “Rustbelt” Theory of U.S. Environmental Inequality AppendixNotesIndex

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Book SynopsisNow in a fully updated second edition, this volume presents the latest scientific findings on food irradiation. It reviews the principles of irradiation, current technologies, regulatory and safety issues, and recent advances in the irradiation of produce, as well as meat, poultry, and seafood.Table of ContentsList of Contributors xix Preface xxv Chapter 1 Introduction: Food Irradiation Moving On 1 Joseph Borsa Introduction 2 Two Tracks Going Forward 3 The Food Safety Track 3 The Disinfestation Track 5 Bumps Still Remain on the Road Ahead 5 Summary 7 References 7 Chapter 2 Advances in Electron Beam and X-ray Technologies for Food Irradiation 9 Marshall R. Cleland Introduction 10 Basic Irradiation Concepts 10 Definition and Units of Absorbed Dose 10 Absorbed Dose versus Emitted Radiation Power 11 Temperature Rise versus Dose 12 Electron Beam Facilities 13 Absorbed Dose versus Beam Current 14 Electron Beam Technologies 14 X-ray Facilities 21 Conclusion 24 References 25 Chapter 3 Gamma Ray Technology for Food Irradiation 29 Kevin O’Hara Introduction 29 Overview of Co-60 Gamma Technology 30 Basic Irradiation Concepts 32 Gamma Ray Facilities 32 Irradiator Categories 34 Criteria for Irradiator Design and Selection 35 Pallet Irradiator 38 Tote Box Irradiator 40 Independent Dose Delivery Carrier and Stationary Irradiations 41 Gray∗ Star GenesisTM Underwater Irradiator 42 Gamma Ray Facilities for Radiation Research 43 Comparison of Irradiation Technologies 45 References 46 Chapter 4 Regulation of Irradiated Foods and Packaging 47 George H. Pauli Introduction 48 References 52 Notes 52 Chapter 5 Toxicological Safety of Irradiated Foods 53 Christopher H. Sommers, Henry Delincee, J. Scott Smith, and Eric Marchioni Introduction 54 Food Irradiation 54 Benzene, Formaldehyde, and Amines 56 Formation and Levels of 2-ACBs in Foods 57 Toxicological Safety of 2-ACBs 63 2-ACBs and Tumor Promotion 66 Diet and Tumor Promotion 67 Conclusions 67 References 68 Chapter 6 Radiation Chemistry of Food Components 75 Xuetong Fan Basic Radiation Effects 76 Radiolysis of Water 76 Radiation Chemistry of Major Food Components 77 Radiation Chemistry of Lipids 77 Radiolysis of Proteins 80 Radiolysis of Carbohydrates 83 Reduction of Undesirable Compounds by Irradiation 88 Reduction of Furan and Acrylamide 88 Reduction of Mycotoxins 89 Antinutritional Compounds 92 Acknowledgments 93 References 93 Chapter 7 Dosimetry for Food Processing and Research Applications 99 Kishor Mehta and Kevin O’Hara Importance of Dosimetry 99 Introduction 100 Some Fundamentals of Dosimetry 101 Absorbed Dose 101 Dosimetry System 102 Measurement Management System 103 Selection and Characterization of a Dosimetry System 103 Types of Dosimetry Systems 103 The Selection of an Appropriate Dosimetry System 104 Dosimetry System Characterization 106 The Use of a Dosimetry System 107 Dosimetry in Food Research 108 Dosimetry at a Commercial Facility 109 General 109 Process Validation 110 Operational Qualification (OQ) 110 Performance Qualification (PQ) 114 Routine Process Monitoring and Control 117 References 120 Chapter 8 Detection of Irradiated Foods 123 Eric Marchioni Introduction 124 Free Radicals and Electronic Excited States 126 ESR Spectroscopy 126 Luminescence 129 Stable Radiolytic Products 131 Radiolytic Products from Proteins 131 Volatile Compounds 131 Radiolytic Products from Carbohydrates 132 Radiolytic Products from Nucleic Acids 132 Radiolytic Products from Lipids 134 Modification of Macroscopic Physico-Biological Parameters of the Food 137 Gas Evolution 138 Cellular Wall Modifications 138 Bacteriological Modifications 138 Germination Inhibition 139 Irradiated Ingredients and Low-Dose Irradiated Plants 139 Conclusion 140 References 140 Chapter 9 Irradiation of Packaging Materials in Contact with Food: An Update 147 Vanee Komolprasert Introduction 148 Current Authorizations of Packaging Materials for Irradiation of Prepackaged Food 149 Radiation-Induced Chemical Changes in Packaging Materials 157 Role of AOs 158 Evaluating Packaging Materials Irradiated in the Presence of Oxygen 159 Irradiation Effects 160 Analysis for RPs 161 Dietary Exposure to RPs 162 Safety Assessment of RPs 164 Approaches to Testing 165 Conclusions 167 Acknowledgment 168 References 168 Chapter 10 Consumer Acceptance and Marketing of Irradiated Foods 173 Ronald F. Eustice and Christine M. Bruhn Introduction 174 What Is Food Irradiation? 174 Why Is Food Irradiated? 174 Marketing of Irradiation Foods 176 Commercial Acceptance of Irradiation Foods 177 Resistance to “New” Technology 178 Risks versus Benefits 179 World’s Safest Food Supply, But Not Safe Enough 179 Irradiation: A Powerful and Effective Tool to Improve Food Safety 181 Education: The Key to Consumer Acceptance 182 Effect of Unfavorable Information 185 Can Unfavorable Information Be Counteracted? 186 Effects of Gender, Income, and Children 188 Barriers to Acceptance 188 The “Minnesota Model” of Consumer Acceptance 189 A Defining Moment in Food Safety 191 Is It Farm to Fork, or Turf to Tort? 192 Conclusion 192 References 193 Chapter 11 Irradiation of Ready-To-Eat Meat Products 197 Christopher H. Sommers and William J. Mackay Introduction 198 Materials and Methods 198 RTE Meats 198 Processing of Beef Bologna 199 Bacterial Isolates 199 Preparation of Inoculum 200 Inoculation of RTE Meats 200 Gamma Irradiation 200 Enumeration of Bacteria 201 Storage Study 201 D10 Values 201 Statistical Analysis 202 Results and Discussion 202 Acknowledgment 205 References 205 Chapter 12 Mechanisms and Prevention of Quality Changes in Meat by Irradiation 209 Doug U. Ahn and Eun Joo Lee Introduction 209 Food Irradiation 210 Microcidal Effect 211 Quality Changes in Meat by Irradiation 213 Lipid Oxidation 213 Sources and Mechanisms of Off-Odor Production 214 Color Changes in Meat by Irradiation 216 Control of Off-Odor Production and Color Changes 220 Additives 220 Packaging 221 Packaging and Additive Combinations 221 Future Research 222 References 222 Chapter 13 Phytosanitary Irradiation for Fresh Horticultural Commodities: Research and Regulations 227 Peter A. Follett and Robert L. Griffin Introduction 228 Developing Irradiation Quarantine Treatments 228 Insect Radiotolerance 228 Methodology 231 Varietal Testing 234 Probit 9 Efficacy and Alternatives 234 Generic Radiation Treatments 236 Regulatory Aspects of Irradiation 240 USDA Regulations 242 Regional and International Harmonization 244 Trade 245 References 249 Chapter 14 Antimicrobial Application of Low-Dose Irradiation of Fresh and Fresh-Cut Produce 255 Brendan A. Niemira Introduction 256 Produce Microbiology and Irradiation Treatment 257 Internalization of Bacteria 258 Biofilm-Associated Pathogens 260 Postirradiation Recovery and Regrowth 261 Treatment Parameters for Irradiation of Produce 262 Influence of Plant Variety 264 Combination with Sanitizers 264 Irradiation Plus Mild Thermal Treatment 265 Summary 266 Acknowledgments 266 References 266 Chapter 15 Irradiation of Fresh and Fresh-Cut Fruits and Vegetables: Quality and Shelf Life 271 Xuetong Fan Introduction 272 Ethylene and Respiration 273 Appearance 274 Texture 276 Flavor/Taste 278 Nutrients 281 Vitamin C 281 Other Nutrients 282 Combination of Irradiation with Other Postharvest Techniques 284 Chemical Sanitizers 284 Hot-Water Treatment 284 Calcium and Calcium Ascorbate 285 MAP 286 Shelf-Life Extension 287 References 288 Chapter 16 Irradiation of Seeds and Sprouts 295 Kathleen T. Rajkowski and Md. Latiful Bari Introduction 295 Outbreaks Associated with Sprouts 296 Potential Source of Contamination 301 Pathogens of Concern for Sprouts 302 Salmonella 302 Enterohemorrhagic E. coli 302 L. monocytogenes 302 B. cereus 303 Yersinia enterocolitica 303 Shigella 303 Klebsiella 303 Pathogen Decontamination Overview 304 Seed and Sprout Evaluation after Treatment 305 Radiation Dose to Reduce Microbial Pathogens on Seeds 305 Combination Treatments 308 Radiation Dose to Reduce Microbial Pathogens on Sprouts 308 Other 309 Conclusions 310 References 310 Chapter 17 Irradiation of Nuts 317 Anuradha Prakash Introduction 317 Farming and Harvesting 318 Insect Disinfestation 318 Microbial Contamination 319 Contamination with Pathogens 320 Irradiation Treatment of Nuts 323 Insect Disinfestation 323 Molds and Aflatoxins 324 Pathogen Inactivation 325 Chemical and Sensory: Irradiation Can Catalyze or Induce Lipid Peroxidation, and Lipid and/or Protein Radiolysis 325 Nonoxidative Radiolytic Reactions 329 Effect of Irradiation on Nut Allergenicity 329 Advantages of Using Irradiation to Treat Nuts 330 Research Needs 330 References 331 Chapter 18 Irradiation of Seafood with a Particular Emphasis on Listeria monocytogenes in Ready-To-Eat Products 337 Denise M. Foley Introduction 338 Listeria monocytogenes Is a Significant Contaminant of Seafood 338 Stress Adaptation of the Organism 339 Irradiation Is an Effective Postprocessing Treatment for Fish Products 340 Physical, Chemical, and Sensory Changes of Irradiated Seafood 344 Competing Microflora 345 Comments Regarding Irradiation and the Risk for Botulism 346 Conclusion 346 References 346 Chapter 19 Ionizing Radiation of Eggs 351 Ignacio Alvarez, Brendan A. Niemira, Xuetong Fan, and Christopher H. Sommers Introduction 352 Ionizing Radiation of Shell Eggs 353 Microbial Lethal Effect of Ionizing Radiation on Shell Eggs 353 Internal Quality of Ionizing Radiated Shell Eggs 356 Physicochemical Properties of Ionizing Radiated Shell Eggs 358 Functional Properties of Ionizing Radiated Shell Eggs 358 Ionizing Radiation of Refrigerated Liquid Egg 359 Ionizing Radiation of LWE 359 Ionizing Radiation of Liquid Egg White 361 Ionizing Radiation of Liquid Egg Yolk 362 Ionizing Radiation of Dried Egg 363 Microbial Lethal Effect of Ionizing Radiation in Dried Egg 363 Quality of Ionizing Radiated Dried Egg 363 Physicochemical Properties of Ionizing Radiated Dried Egg 363 Functional Properties of Ionizing Radiated Dried Egg 364 Ionizing Radiation of Frozen Egg 365 Microbial Lethal Effect of Ionizing Radiation in Frozen Egg 365 Physicochemical Properties of Ionizing Radiated Frozen Egg 365 Functional Properties of Ionizing Radiated Frozen Egg 365 Strategies to Increase the Quality of Irradiated Egg Products 366 Areas for Future Research 368 Conclusion 369 Acknowledgments 370 References 370 Chapter 20 Irradiated Ground Beef for the National School Lunch Program 373 Xuetong Fan Introduction 374 Foodborne Illnesses in School 374 Regulatory Allowance and Specifications of Irradiated Foods for Schools 376 Sensory Properties of Irradiated Ground Beef 378 Conclusion 382 Acknowledgments 383 References 383 Chapter 21 Potential Applications of Ionizing Radiation 385 Ju-Woon Lee, Jae-Hun Kim, Yohan Yoon, Cheorun Jo, and Myung-Woo Byun Introduction 386 Reduction of Food Allergies by Ionizing Radiation 386 Volatile N-nitrosamine and Residual Nitrite Reduction 387 Biogenic Amines Reduction 390 Reduction of Phytic Acid and Increase in Antioxidant Activity 391 Chlorophyll b Breakdown 393 Color Improvement of Plant Extracts without Change of Biological Functions 393 Control of Enterobacter sakazakii in Infant Formula 394 Use of Irradiation to Control Food-Related Bacteria in Meat Products 394 Application of Irradiation for Sea Food Safety 396 Use of Irradiation on Fresh Produces and Dairy Products 396 Application of Irradiation for the Development of Traditional Fermented Foods 397 Use of Boiled Extracts from Cooking 398 Improvement of Nutritional Conditions and Food Quality by Irradiation 399 Conclusion 399 Acknowledgments 399 References 400 Chapter 22 A Future Uncertain: Food Irradiation From a Legal Perspective 407 Denis W. Stearns Introduction 408 Liability for the Manufacture of a Defective Food Product 409 The Origins of Strict Liability in Tainted Food Cases 409 The Modern Rule of Strict Liability 410 Defining Products and Defects 410 Proving the Existence of a Defect in Food 411 Strict Liability Creates Few If Any Legal Incentives in Favor of Food Irradiation 412 A Possible Existing Legal Duty to Use Irradiated Food: The Challenge of Highly Susceptible Populations 414 Negligence: Failing to Avoid a Known and Avoidable Risk 414 The Eggshell Plaintiff: Irradiation, Liability, and Susceptible Populations 416 The Prospect of Punitive Damages as a Stronger Incentive 417 The Possibility of Liability Arising from Irradiated Foods 418 Conclusion 419 Notes 420 Chapter 23 Technical Challenges and Research Directions in Electronic Food Pasteurization 425 Suresh D. Pillai, Les Braby, and Joe Maxim Introduction 426 Target Pathogens 427 Enteric Viruses 427 Protozoan Pathogens 428 Bacterial Pathogens 428 Radiation Physics and Chemistry 428 Chemical Environment 428 Standardized Protocols 429 Electronic Pasteurization in Conjunction with Microbial Risk Assessment 430 Low Dose Electronic Pasteurization and Dosimetry 431 Product Packaging 431 Electronic Pasteurization of Complex-Shaped Packages 432 Acknowledgments 433 References 433 Index 435

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Book SynopsisAn increased understanding of the developmental physiology, biochemistry, and molecular biology during early growth, maturation, ripening, and postharvest conditions has improved technologies to maintain the shelf life and quality of fruits, vegetables, and flowers.Table of ContentsTable of Contents. 1. Post harvest Biology and Technology: An International Perspective. By: Gopinadhan Paliyath, Dennis Murr, Avtar Handa, Susan Lurie. 2. Common Fruits, Vegetables, Flowers and their Quality Characteristics. By: Gopinadhan Paliyath, Dennis Murr. 3. Biochemistry of Fruits. By: Gopinadhan Paliyath, Dennis Murr. 4. Biochemistry of Flower Senescence. By: Ajay Arora. 5. Programmed Cell Death During Flower Senescence. By: Ajay Arora. 6. Ethylene Perception and Gene Expression. By: Willis Owino, Hiroshi Ezura. 7. Enhancing Post Harvest Shelf Life and Quality in Horticultural Commodities using 1-MCP Technology. By: Susan Lurie, Gopinadhan Paliyath. 8. Structural Deterioration in Produce: The Breakdown of Cell Wall. By: Pradeep Negi, Avtar Handa. 9. Structural Deterioration in Produce: Phospholipase D, Membrane and Senescence. By: Gopinadhan Paliyath, Krishnaraj Tiwari, Haiying Yuan, Bruce Whitaker. 10. Phospholipase D Inhibition Technology for Enhancing Shelf Life and Quality. By: Gopinadhan Paliyath, Jayasankar Subramanian. 11. Heat Treatment for Enhancing Post Harvest Quality. By: Susan Lurie. 12. The Role of Polyphenols in Quality, Postharvest Handling, and Processing of Fruits. By: Vasantha Rupasinghe. 13. Isoprenoid Biosynthesis in Fruits and Vegetables. By: Andrew Schofield, Vasantha Rupasinghe, Gopinadhan Paliyath. 14. Postharvest Treatments Affecting Sensory Quality of Fresh and Fresh Cut Products. By: Elazar Fallik. 15. Polyamines and Regulation of Ripening and Senescence. By: Savithri Nambeesan, Autar Mattoo, Avtar Handa. 16. Post-Harvest Enhancement of Phenolic Phytochemical in Apples for Preservation and Health Benefits. By: Kalidas Shetty, Ishan Adyanthaya, Young-In Kwon, Emmanouil Apostolidis, Byungjin Min, Paul Dawson. 17. Rhizosphere Microorganisms and their Effect on Fruit Quality. By: Victor Olalde, Hortencia Mena-Violante. 18. Biotechnological Approaches to Improving Tropical Fruit Quality. By: Miguel Gomez. 19. Post Harvest Storage and Quality of Potatoes. By: Jayanty Sastry. 20. Biosensor-based Technologies for the Evaluation of Quality. By: Barry Byrne, Neil Carolan, Richard O’Kennedy. 21. Changes in Nutritional Quality of Fruits and Vegetables during Storage. By: Mohini Sharma, Sitbon Carole, Gopinadhan Paliyath, Jayasankar Subramanian

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Book SynopsisA guide to understanding and complying with the dietary supplement labeling requirements of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). It consists of the introduction and how-to information, and compliance step-by-step review procedure (in the form of questions and responses), and other labeling requirements.Table of ContentsIntroduction Overview of Dietary Supplements Labeling Definitions Need for Specific Regulations Governing Dietary Supplements Outline for Compliance Review of Dietary Supplement Labels Compliance Label Review Program Exemptions from FDA Requirements for Foods Compliance Provisions Dietary Supplement Labeling Issues Listing of Charts, Graphics, Guidelines, Illustrations and Regulations Office of Dietary Supplements Conforming Amendments Notices and Proposed, Interim Final, and Final Regulations Concerning Dietary Supplements Index to the September 23, 1997, Federal Register Preambles and Final DSHEA Regulations Index to the June 22, 1998, Federal Register Preambles to the Interim Health Claims Final Rules

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Book SynopsisAn increasing number of pharmaceuticals in human and veterinary medicine are being developed using advanced genetic and other methods that focus on modification of somatic and embryonic cells.Trade ReviewExcerpt from Foreword by Keith L. Carson, Chairman, Williamsburg BioProcessing Foundation (WilBio): "This book provides an anthology of information in essentially all areas of bioprocessing...(and it) provides essential information on proven techniques that can make the evolutionary art form of biologic manufacturing more manageable...I know you will enjoy this book and find its information to be highly valuable for your work. Whether you are a beginner in this field or a seasoned veteran, this text will give you the reference material you need to successfully develop and produce biologics, while satisfying regulatory requirements."Table of ContentsContributors. Preface. Foreword. Chapter 1: Overview of the Biopharmaceutical Industry. Chapter 2: Regulatory Requirements for Processing Biopharmaceuticals. Chapter 3: Genomics, Proteomics, and Metabolomics – Impact on Biopharmaceutical Processing. Chapter 4: New Technologies in Biopharmaceutical Upstream Processing. Chapter 5: New Technologies in Biopharmaceutical Downstream Processing. Chapter 6: Biopharmaceutical Product Formulation, Preservation, and Presentation. Chapter 7: Biopharmaceutical Product and Process Monitoring, Analysis and Control. Chapter 8: Discrete Automation in BioProcessing Unit Operations. Chapter 9: Emerging Biopharmaceutical Platforms. Bibliography and Further Reading. Index

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Book SynopsisPresenting the scientific research on the major pathogens associated with meat, poultry, produce, and other foods, this book identifies research needed to assure food safety. It examines the high-priority food safety areas recognized by the federal government: pathogen/host interactions and ecology, distribution and spread of foodborne hazards.Trade Review"This book, part of the IFT Press series, describes the current state of knowledge surrounding food safety and provides a focus for future developments." Food Science and Technology Abstracts, January 2005Table of ContentsContributors. Foreword (The Honorable Elsa A. Murano). Preface. Part I: Pathogen/Host Interactions. 1 Foodborne Salmonella Infections (Andreas J. Bäumler). 2 Pathogenic Escherichia coli (Suryakant D. Waghela). 3 Foodborne Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Infections (Vernon L. Tesh). 4 Bacterial Hazards in Fresh and Fresh-Cut Produce: Sources and Control (Alejandro Castillo and M. Ofelia Rodríguez-García). 5 Campylobacter Species and Fresh Produce: Outbreaks, Incidence, and Biology (Robert E. Mandrell and Maria T. Brandl). 6 Campylobacter and Campylobacteriosis: What We Wish We Knew (Richard L. Ziprin). 7 Global Analysis of the Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Genome and Model Systems Exploring Host–Agent Interactions (Thomas A. Ficht, L. Garry Adams, Sangeeta Khare, Brian O'Shea, and Allison C. Rice-Ficht). 8 Viruses in Food (Sagar M. Goyal). Part II: Ecology, Distribution, and Spread of Foodborne Hazards. 9 Microbial Ecology: Poultry Foodborne Pathogen Distribution (J. Allen Byrd II). 10 Microbial Ecological Principles Underlying Preharvest Intervention Strategies (Todd R. Callaway, Robin C. Anderson, Thomas S. Edrington, Kenneth M. Bischoff, Kenneth J. Genovese, Toni L. Poole, and David J. Nisbet). 11 Limiting Avian Gastrointestinal Tract Salmonella Colonization by Cecal Anaerobic Bacteria, and a Potential Role for Methanogens (Steven C. Ricke, Casendra L. Woodward, Young Min Kwon, Leon F. Kubena, and David J. Nisbet). 12 Distribution and Spread of Enteric Pathogens in Swine: Outlook for the Future (Roger B. Harvey and H. Morgan Scott). 13 Environmental Reservoirs and Transmission of Foodborne Pathogens (Scot E. Dowd, Jeanette A. Thurston-Enriquez, and Mindy Brashears). 14 Do Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies Pose a Risk for Human Health? (Mary Jo Schmerr). Part III: Antimicrobial Resistance. 15 Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (Patrick F. McDermott, David G. White, Shaohua Zhao, Shabbir Simjee, and Robert D. Walker). 16 Antimicrobial Resistance in Food Animals (Kenneth M. Bischoff, Toni L. Poole, and Ross C. Beier). 17 Antimicrobial Resistance and the Microflora of the Gastrointestinal Tract (Toni L. Poole, Kenneth J. Genovese, Ross C. Beier, Todd R. Callaway, and Kenneth M. Bischoff). 18 Disinfectants (Biocides) Used in Animal Production: Antimicrobial Resistance Considerations (Ross C. Beier, Kenneth M. Bischoff, and Toni L. Poole). 19 Prevalence of Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria in Retail Foods (David G. White, Shaohua Zhao, Shabbir Simjee, Jianghong Meng, Robert D. Walker, and Patrick F. McDermott). Part IV: Verification Tests. 20 The Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point System and Importance of Verification Procedures (Jimmy T. Keeton and Kerri B. Harris). 21 Are They Vibrios? How Do You Know? (Sam W. Joseph). 22 Molecular Methods for Microbial Detection (Suresh D. Pillai). 23 Methods for Differentiation among Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens (Steven L. Foley and Robert D. Walker). Part V: Decontamination and Prevention Strategies. 24 Chemical Methods for Decontamination of Meat and Poultry (Jimmy T. Keeton and Sarah M. Eddy). 25 Decontamination Systems (M. Elena Castell-Perez and Rosana G. Moreira). 26 Control of Listeria monocytogenes in Ready-to-Eat Foods (Douglas L. Marshall). 27 Bacteriophage: Potential Role in Food Safety (William E. Huff, Gerry R. Huff, Narayan C. Rath, Janice M. Balog, and Annie M. Donoghue). 28 Food Irradiation (Suresh D. Pillai). 29 Clay-Based Interventions for the Control of Chemical and Microbial Hazards in Food and Water (Henry J. Huebner, Paul Herrera, and Timothy D. Phillips). Part VI: Risk Analysis. 30 Food Safety Risk Communication and Consumer Food-Handling Behavior (Wm. Alex McIntosh). 31 Addressing Microbial Food Safety Issues Quantitatively: A Risk Assessment Approach (Kristina D. Mena, Joan B. Rose, and Charles P. Gerba). 32 How to Manage Risk—The Way Forward (Ewen C. D. Todd). Afterword. Agricultural Biosecurity: An Important Component of Homeland Security (Neville P. Clarke). Index.

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Book SynopsisThis title focuses on the comprehension of the properties of water in foods, enriched by the approaches from polymer and materials sciences, and by the advances of analytical techniques. The International Symposium on the Properties of Water (ISOPOW) promotes the exchange of knowledge between scientists involved in the study of food materials and scientists interested in water from a more basic point of view and the dialogue between academic and industrial scientists/technologists. This comprehensive book covers the topics presented at the 10th ISOPOW held in Bangkok, Thailand in 2007, including water dynamics in various systems, the role of water in functional food and nano-structured biomaterials. Special features include: Latest findings in the properties of water in food, pharmaceutical and biological systems Coverage of the 10th International Symposium on the Properties of Water (ISOPOW) Includes water dynamics, water in foods sTable of ContentsPreface xiii Editorial Note xv Acknowledgments xvii Contributors xix Part 1 Invited Speakers and Oral Presentations 3 Session 1: Water Mobility/Dynamics and Its Application in Food and Pharmaceutical Systems 5 Invited Speakers 1. Complementary Aspects of Thermodynamics, Nonequilibrium Criteria, and Water Dynamics in the Development of Foods and Ingredients 9M. P. Buera 2. Water Mobility in Solid Pharmaceuticals as Determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Isothermal Sorption, and Dielectric Relaxation Measurements 25S. Yoshioka and Y. Aso Oral Presentations 3. The Effect of Water and Fat Contents on the Enthalpy of Dissolution of Model Food Powders: A Thermodynamic Insight 41A. Marabi, A. Raemy, A. Burbidge, R. Wallach, and I. S. Saguy 4. “Solvent Water” Concept Simplifies Mathematical Modeling in Fermenting Dough, a Multiphase Semisolid Food 49S. M. Loveday and R. J. Winger 5. Microdomain Distribution in Food Matrices: Glass Transition Temperature, Water Mobility, and Reaction Kinetics Evidence in Model Dough Systems 59Y. Kou Session 2: Water Essence and the Stability of Food and Biological Systems 67 Invited Speakers 6. Effect of Combined Physical Stresses on Cells: The Role of Water 71J.-M. Perrier-Cornet, M. Moussa, H. Simonin, L. Beney, and P. Gervais 7. Soft Condensed Matter: A Perspective on the Physics of Food States and Stability 87T. P. Labuza, T. J. Labuza, K. M. Labuza, and P. S. Labuza 8. Antiplasticization of Food Polymer Systems by Low Molecular Mass Diluents 115C. C. Seow Oral Presentations 9. Freeze Drying of Lactobacillus coryniformis Si3: Focus on Water 141Å. Schoug, J. Schnürer, and S. Håkansson 10. Water-Sorption Properties and Stability of Inclusion Complexes of Thymol and Cinnamaldehyde with β-Cyclodextrins 149P. A. Ponce, M. P. Buera, and B. E. Elizalde 11. Beyond Water: Waterlike Functions of Other Biological Compounds in a Waterless System 157B. R. Bhandari 12. Water Sorption and Transport in Dry, Crispy Bread Crust 165M. B. J. Meinders, N. H. van Nieuwenhuijzen, R. H. Tromp, R. J. Hamer, and T. van Vliet 13. Water State and Distribution During Storage of Soy Bread with and without Almond 175A. Lodi and Y. Vodovotz 14. Phase Separation of Ice Crystals in Starch-Based Systems During Freezing and Effects on Moisture Content and Starch Glass Transition 185T. Tran, K. Piyachomkwan, and K. Sriroth 15. Carrot Fiber as a Carrier in Spray Drying of Fructose 191K. Cheuyglintase and K. R. Morison Session 3: Microstructured and Nanostructured Changes in Food 199 Invited Speakers 16. Taking the Measure of Water 203D. S. Reid 17. Rehydration Modeling of Food Particulates by Using Principles of Water Transport in Porous Media 219I. S. Saguy, O. Troygot, A. Marabi, and R. Wallach 18. Protein Hydration in Structure Creation 237P. J. Lillford and A.-M. Hermansson 19. Water Partitioning in Colloidal Systems as Determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 251P. Chinachoti and P. Chatakanonda 20. Physical Changes in Confectionery Products Caused by the Availability of Water, with a Special Focus on Lactitol Crystallization 271M. H. Lim, B. Lampen, L. F. Siow, and T. Rades Oral Presentations 21. Entrapment of Probiotic Bacteria in Frozen Cryoprotectants and Viability in Freeze Drying 285Y. H. Roos and K. S. Pehkonen 22. Fracture Behavior of Biopolymer Films Prepared from Aqueous Solutions 291I. Yakimets, S. S. Paes, N. Wellner, and J. R. Mitchell Session 4: Biomaterial Sciences: Water in Stability and Delivery of Active Biomolecules 297 Invited Speakers 23. The Plasticization-Antiplasticization Threshold of Water in Microcrystalline Cellulose: A Perspective Based on Bulk Free Volume 301S. P. Chamarthy, F. X. Diringer, and R. Pinal 24. Understanding the Role of Water in Nonaqueous Pharmaceutical Systems 315B. D. Anderson, S. S. Rane, and T.-X. Xiang 25. Crystallization, Collapse, and Glass Transition in Low-Water Food Systems 335Y. H. Roos 26. Carbohydrates in Amorphous States: Molecular Packing, Nanostructure, and Interaction with Water 353J. Ubbink 27. Ice Crystallization in Gels and Foods Manipulated by the Polymer Network 373N. Murase, S. Yamada, and N. Ijima 28. Marine-Inspired Water-Structured Biomaterials 385A.-M. Hermansson, P. Olofsson, S. Ekstedt, M. Pihl, and P. Gatenholm Part 2 Poster Presentations 397 Session 5: Role of Water Mobility/Dynamics in Food and Pharmaceutical Systems 399 29. Another Unusual Property of Water: It Increases the Glass Transition Temperature of a Glassy Polymer 401S. P. Chamarthy and R. Pinal 30. Molecular Mobility Interpretation of Water-Sorption Isotherms of Food Materials by Means of Gravimetric Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 411W. P. Weglarz, M. Witek, C. Inoue, H. Van As, and J. van Duynhoven 31. Kinetics of Enthalpy Relaxation in Corn Syrup–Sucrose Mixtures 419B. R. Bhandari and R. W. Hartel 32. Development of a Novel Phase Transition Measurement Device for Solid Food Materials: Thermal Mechanical Compression Test (TMCT) 429Y. Liu, P. Intipunya, T. T. Truong, W. Zhou, and B. R. Bhandari 33. Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Molecular Mobility in Potato Systems in Relation to Nonenzymatic Browning 437N. C. Acevedo, C. Schebor, and M. P. Buera 34. Nonenzymatic Browning Reaction and Enthalpy Relaxation of Glassy Foods 445K. Tsuji, K. Kawai, M. Watanabe, and T. Suzuki 35. Film-Forming Ability of Duck Egg White and Its Water-Vapor Barrier Property 453W. Garnjanagoonchorn, A. Yimjaroenpornsakul, N. Poovarodom, and S. Praditdoung 36. Water-Vapor Permeability of Chitosan and Methoxy Poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone) Blend Homogeneous Films 459N. Niamsa, N. Morakot, and Y. Baimark 37. Ice Formation in Concentrated Aqueous Glucose Solutions 465P. Thanatuksorn, K. Kajiwara, N. Murase, and F. Franks 38. Effects of Sodium and Potassium Ions on the Viscosities in the Sodium/Potassium-Glucose-Water Ternary System 473M. Soga, K. Kurosaki, and K. Kajiwara 39. Comparison of Water Sorption and Crystallization Behaviors of Freeze-Dried Lactose, Lactitol, Maltose, and Maltitol 477K. Jouppila, M. Lähdesmäki, P. Laine, M. Savolainen, and R. A. Talja 40. Sorption Behavior of Extruded Rice Starch in the Presence of Glycerol 483J. Enrione, S. Hill, J. R. Mitchell, and F. Pedreschi 41. Water State and Mobility Affect the Mechanical Properties of Coffee Beans 491P. Pittia, G. Sacchetti, P. Rocculi, L. Venturi, M. Cremonini, and M. Dalla Rosa 42. Effect of Water Activity on the Release Characteristics of Encapsulated Flavor 499A. Soottitantawat, H. Yoshii, and T. Furuta 43. Water and Protein Modifier Effects on the Phase Transitions and Microstructure of Mung-Bean Starch Granules 507P. Hongsprabhas and K. Israkarn 44. Evaluation of the Disintegration and Diffusion of Pharmaceutical Solid Matrices by Image Processing and Nonlinear Dynamics 515D. I. Téllez-Medina, A. Ortíz-Moreno, J. J. Chanona-Pérez, L. Alamilla-Beltrán, and G. F. Gutiérrez-López Session 6: Properties and Stability of Food and Biological Systems 523 45. Effect of Water Content on Physical Properties of Potato Chips 525F. Pedreschi and P. Moyano 46. Predicting Water Migration in Starchy Food During Cooking 533S. Thammathongchat, M. Fukuoka, T. Hagiwara, T. Sakiyama, and H. Watanabe 47. Nonenzymatic Browning May Be Inhibited or Accelerated by Magnesium Chloride According to the Level of Water Availability and Saccharide-Specific Interactions 539P. R. Santagapita, S. B. Matiacevich, and M. P. Buera 48. Combined Effect of Cinnamon Essential Oil and Water Activity on Growth Inhibition of Rhizopus stolonifer and Aspergillus flavus and Possible Application in Extending the Shelf Life of Bread 545S. Nanasombat, N. Piumnoppakun, D. Atikanbodee, and M. Rattanasuwan 49. From Water to Ice: Investigation of the Effect of Ice Crystal Reduction on the Stability of Frozen Large Unilamellar Vesicles 551L. F. Siow, T. Rades, and M. H. Lim 50. Does Microencapsulation Improve Storage Stability of Cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus) Ellagitannins? 563P. Laine, P. Kylli, M. Heinonen, and K. Jouppila 51. Nonenzymatic Browning Reaction of Glassy Foods: Characterization of Local Reactions Independent of the Glassy Matrix 571K. Kawai, T. Suzuki, and K. Kajiwara 52. Physical Properties of Protein-Carbohydrate Sheets Produced by a Twin-Screw Extruder 577R. A. Talja, K. S. Pehkonen, K. Jouppila, and Y. H. Roos 53. Thermal Transitions, Mechanical Properties, and Molecular Mobility in Cornflakes as Affected by Water Content 583A. Farroni, S. B. Matiacevich, S. Guerrero, S. Alzamora, and M. P. Buera 54. Texture of Glassy Tapioca-Flour–Based Baked Products as a Function of Moisture Content 591R. Kulchan, P. Suppakul, and W. Boonsupthip 55. Effects of Excipients on the Storage Stability of Freeze-Dried Xanthine Oxidase 599P. Srirangsan, K. Kawai, N. Hamada-Sato, M. Watanabe, and T. Suzuki 56. Water Properties in Bread Produced with an Innovative Mixer 605E. Curti, E. Vittadini, A. Di Pasquale, L. Riviera, F. Antoniazzi, and A. Storci 57. Evaluation of Deformation and Shrinking of Potato Slabs During Convective Drying 613R. Campos-Mendiola, C. Gumeta-Chávez, J. J. Chanona-Pérez, L. Alamilla-Beltrán, A. Jiménez-Aparicio, and G. F. Gutiérrez-López 58. Effects of Different Cut-Induced Microstructural and Macrostructural Arrays on Convective Drying of Agave atrovirens Karw 619C. Gumeta-Chávez, J. J. Chanona-Pérez, L. Alamilla-Beltrán, G. Calderón-Domínguez, A. Vega, P. Ligero, J. A. Mendoza-Pérez, and G. F. Gutiérrez-López 59. Study of White-Bread Structural Evolution by Means of Image Analysis and Associated Thermal History and Water-Loss Kinetics 627A. Pérez-Nieto, J. J. Chanona-Pérez, G. Calderón-Domínguez, R. Farrera-Rebollo, L. Alamilla-Beltrán, and G. F. Gutiérrez-López 60. Effect of Hydrothermal Treatment on the Rheological Properties of High-Amylose Rice Starch 635P. Khunae, T. Tran, and P. Sirivongpisal 61. Influence of Glass Transition on Oxygen Permeability of Starch-Based Edible Films 641D. Thirathumthavorn, S. Charoenrein, and J. M. Krochta 62. Molecular Mobility and Seed Longevity in Chenopodium quinoa 647M. Castellión, S. Maldonado, and M. P. Buera 63. Analyzing the Effect of Freeze-Thaw Cycle on the Off-Aroma of Pineapple by Using an Electronic Nose Technique 657S. Charoenrein and T. Kaewtathip 64. Water Uptake and Solid Loss During Soaking of Milled Rice Grains 663P. Chatakanonda and K. Sriroth 65. Microstructural, Physical, and Rehydration Properties of Maltodextrin Powders Obtained by Spray Drying 673A. L. Muñoz-Herrera, V. Tejeda-Hernández, A. Jiménez-Aparicio, J. Welti-Chanes, J. J. Chanona-Pérez, L. Alamilla-Beltrán, and G. F. Gutiérrez-López 66. Nanostructures and Minimum Integral Entropy as Related to Food Stability 681L. A. Pascual-Pineda, E. Flores-Andrade, C. I. B. Guevara, L. Alamilla-Beltrán, J. J. Chanona-Pérez, E. Azuara-Nieto, and G. F. Gutiérrez-López Index 689

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Book SynopsisExtraneous foreign material in food products is undeniably a physical hazard that must be mitigated by processors and food service establishments. Beyond this underlying threat to food safety, physical contaminants can impact the element most essential to an organization's success - consumer confidence and trust in the producer and its brand.Trade Review"Complete with comprehensive, contemporary discussion and read professional reference on the contamination of food products with foreign material, this book also examines the regulatory guidelines and processes that lead up to enforcement actions." Beverage & Food World, July 2007Table of Contents1. The Importance of Preventing Foreign Material Contamination of Food Products. 2. Proactive Management Strategies for Dealing with Foreign Materials. 3. Physical Separation Techniques for Controlling FM Contaminants. 4. Applications of Magnetic Separation to Prevent Foreign Material Contamination of Finished Food Products. 5. Principles and Strategies for Using Metal Detectors to Isolate Metallic Foreign Materials from Food Products. 6. Machine Vision and Its Application to Prevent FM Contamination of Foods. 7. X-ray Examination of Foods for Foreign Materials. 8. Proper Initial Validation, Ongoing Verification, and Change Control for Separation and Detection Equipment. 9. Proper Use of Acceptance Sampling and Statistical Process Control to Augment FM Control Programs. 10. Management and Communication of Risk in Situations of Crisis. Index

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Book SynopsisAnalysis of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Food provides unique and comprehensive professional reference source covering most recent analytical methodology of endocrine disrupting compounds in food. Editor Nollet and his team of international contributors address most recent advances in analysis of endocrine disrupting chemicals in food.Trade Review Table of ContentsPreface. List of contributors. Chapter 1 Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals. What? Where? (Guang-Guo Ying). Chapter 2 Analysis of PCBs in Food (Manuela Melis and Ettore Zuccato). Chapter 3 Analysis of Dioxins and Furans (PCDDs and PCDFs) in Food (Luisa R. Bordajandi, Belén Gómara, and María José González). Chapter 4 Analysis of Organochlorine Endocrine-Disrupter Pesticides in Food Commodities (M.J. Gómez, M.A. Martínez-Uroz, M.M. Gómez-Ramos, A. Agüera, and A.R. Fernández-Alba). Chapter 5 Pesticides: Herbicides and Fungicides (Ivan P. Roman Falco, Lorena Vidal, and Antonio Canals). Chapter 6 Pesticides: Organophosphates (Juan F. García-Reyes, Bienvenida Gilbert-López, and Antonio Molina-Díaz). Chapter 7 Phytoestrogens (Ashok K. Singh and Leo M.L. Nollet). Chapter 8 Mycoestrogens (Jean-Denis Bailly). Chapter 9 Analysis of Hormones in Food (John L. Zhou and Zulin Zhang). Chapter 10 Phthalates (Jiping Zhu, Rong Wang, Yong-lai Feng, and Xu-liang Cao). Chapter 11 Organotin Compounds Analysis (Maw-Rong Lee and Chung-Yu Chen). Chapter 12 Determination of Heavy Metals in Food by Atomic Spectroscopy (Joseph Sneddon). Chapter 13 Surfactants (Bing Shao). Chapter 14 Polybrominated Biphenyls (Antonia María Carro Díaz and Rosa Antonia Lorenzo Ferreira). Chapter 15 Bisphenol A (Ana Ballesteros-Gómez and Soledad Rubio). Chapter 16 Perfluoroalkylated Substances (Leo M.L. Nollet). Chapter 17 Flame Retardants (D. Lambropoulou, E. Evgenidou, Ch. Christophoridis, E. Bizani, and K. Fytianos). Chapter 18 Personal Care Products (Guang-Guo Ying). Chapter 19 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Peter šimko). Chapter 20 Pentachlorophenol, Benzophenone, Parabens, Butylated Hydroxyanisole, Styrene (Leo M.L. Nollet). Index.

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Book SynopsisIndustrial Bioseparations offers comprehensive coverage of bioseparations including all unit operations. This new book offers a careful balance between the fundamentals of bioseparations processing and the practical applications in industry today. It is laid out in a methodical way with preliminary chapters covering general approaches to bioseparations for commercially important biomacromolecules, thermodynamics and mass transfer principles, and following chapters addressing unit operations such as filtration and chromatography. Lab experiments are included which emphasize obtaining scale up parameters as well as commonly used operating conditions are included.Trade Review"This volume will serve as an invaluable introduction and guide to those embarking on careers in the discipline of bioseparations. Forciniti deserves our thanks for promoting knowledge of this important endeavor." (Pharmaceutical Technology, November 2, 2008)Table of ContentsPreface. Chapter 1. Introduction to Bioseparations. a. Statement of the problem. b. Engineering Developments. c. Current approaches to bioseparations. Chapter 2. Thermodynamics. a. A brief introduction. b. Thermodynamics of open systems. c. Thermodynamic analysis of processes. Chapter 3. Principles of Mass Transfer. 1. Diffusion. 2. Fluxes. 3. Law of conservation of mass. 4. Examples. Chapter 4. General Properties of Bioproducts. 1. Proteins. a. Structure. b. Stability (solubility and aggregation). c. Separation of complex protein mixtures by two-dimensional electrophoresis. 2. Nucleic Acids. a. Structure. b. Properties. 3. Laboratory experiments. Chapter 5. Cell disruption. 1. General approach to cell disruption. a. Types of cells. b. Location of product. c. Physical Chemistry Properties of Cells (as they relate to disruption). 2. Bead Mills. 3. Homogenizers. 4. Chemical Methods. 5. Biochemical Methods. 6. Laboratory experiments. Chapter 6. Separation of Solids. 1. General Principles. a. Flocculation of proteins. b. Inclusion bodies. 2. Filtration. a. Conventional Filtration. b. Ultrafiltration. 3. Centrifugation. 4. Sedimentation. 5. Laboratory experiments. 6. Liquid/liquid extraction. Chapter 7. Chromatography. 1. General Principles. 2. Gel permeation. 3. Ion Exchange Chromatography. 4. Hydrophobic Interactions Chromatography. 5. Affinity Chromatography. 6. Simulated Moving Bed Chromatography. 7. Laboratory Experiments. Chapter 8. Protein Precipitation. 1. Precipitation by salting-out. 2. Isoelectric Precipitation. 3. Precipitation by non-ionic polymers. 4. Laboratory Experiments. Chapter 9. Polishing. 1. Freeze drying. 2. Crystallization. 3. Product Formulation. 4. Laboratory Experiments. Chapter 10. Separations in a Chip. 1. Introduction to micro-devices. 2. Fluidics. 3. Micro-reactors, micro-mixers, and valves. 4. Chromatography and electrophoresis in a chip. 5. Micro-sensors. Chapter 11. Design of Separation cascades. 1. General Principles. 2. Examples. 3. Laboratory Projects. Appendix. Experimental Design. 1. Introduction to Experimental Design. 2. Precision and Accuracy. 3. Descriptive Statistics. 4. Statistical Tests. 5. Examples. Table of Contents. Chapter 1. Introduction to Bioseparations. a. Statement of the problem. b. Engineering Developments. c. Current approaches to bioseparations. Chapter 2. Thermodynamics. a. A brief introduction. b. Thermodynamics of open systems. c. Thermodynamic analysis of processes. Chapter 3. Principles of Mass Transfer. 1. Diffusion. 2. Fluxes. 3. Law of conservation of mass. 4. Examples. Chapter 4. General Properties of Bioproducts. 1. Proteins. a. Structure. b. Stability (solubility and aggregation). c. Separation of complex protein mixtures by two-dimensional electrophoresis. 2. Nucleic Acids. a. Structure. b. Properties. 3. Laboratory experiments. Chapter 5. Cell disruption. 1. General approach to cell disruption. a. Types of cells. b. Location of product. c. Physical Chemistry Properties of Cells (as they relate to disruption). 2. Bead Mills. 3. Homogenizers. 4. Chemical Methods. 5. Biochemical Methods. 6. Laboratory experiments. Chapter 6. Separation of Solids. 1. General Principles. a. Flocculation of proteins. b. Inclusion bodies. 2. Filtration. a. Conventional Filtration. b. Ultrafiltration. 3. Centrifugation. 4. Sedimentation. 5. Laboratory experiments. 6. Liquid/liquid extraction. Chapter 7. Chromatography. 1. General Principles. 2. Gel permeation. 3. Ion Exchange Chromatography. 4. Hydrophobic Interactions Chromatography. 5. Affinity Chromatography. 6. Simulated Moving Bed Chromatography. 7. Laboratory Experiments. Chapter 8. Protein Precipitation. 1. Precipitation by salting-out. 2. Isoelectric Precipitation. 3. Precipitation by non-ionic polymers. 4. Laboratory Experiments. Chapter 9. Polishing. 1. Freeze drying. 2. Crystallization. 3. Product Formulation. 4. Laboratory Experiments. Chapter 10. Separations in a Chip. 1. Introduction to micro-devices. 2. Fluidics. 3. Micro-reactors, micro-mixers, and valves. 4. Chromatography and electrophoresis in a chip. 5. Micro-sensors. Chapter 11. Design of Separation cascades. 1. General Principles. 2. Examples. 3. Laboratory Projects. Appendix. Experimental Design. 1. Introduction to Experimental Design. 2. Precision and Accuracy. 3. Descriptive Statistics. 4. Statistical Tests. 5. Examples. Index

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Book SynopsisThe second edition of Kosher Food Production explores the intricate relationship between modern food production and related Kosher application. Following an introduction to basic Kosher laws, theory and practice, Rabbi Blech details the essential food production procedures required of modern food plants to meet Kosher certification standards.Table of ContentsForeword xiii Acknowledgments xv Preface to the First Edition xvii Preface to the Second Edition xxi Introduction xxiii 1. Kosher Certification: Theory and Application 1 The Purpose of Kosher Certification 1 Theory of Kosher Certification 1 The Kosher Certification Program 3 Restrictions on Raw Materials 4 Restrictions on Production 5 Restrictions on Packaging 6 The Certification Process 8 Choice of Certification 8 Labeling 10 Application 11 Initial Inspection 12 Review of Ingredients and Other Issues Relating to the Certification 13 Contract 14 Inspections 17 Letter of Certification and Labeling Requirements 17 “Dairy” versus “Dairy Equipment” 19 Private Label Agreements 20 M’hadrin Certifications 22 2. Basic Halachic Concepts in Kashrus 25 Food Sources 25 Prohibited Mixtures 26 Milk and Meat— Ba’sar b’Cholov 27 Fish and Meat 28 Bitul (Nullification) 29 B’lios (Absorbed Flavors) 31 B’lios in Foods 31 B’lios in Equipment 32 Practical Applications of the Concept of B’lios 33 B’lios and Utilities 36 Practical Utilities Issues 37 Practical Solutions to Utilities Issues 38 Kosherization (Kashering) of Equipment 41 Libun 41 Libun Chamur 41 Libun Kal 42 Hag’olah 42 Ayno Ben Yomo 42 P’gimah 43 Temperature 43 Bishul Akum 47 Types of Food Subject to Bishul Akum Concerns 48 Types of Cooking Subject to Bishul Akum Concerns 49 Methods of Creating a Bishul Yisroel Status 49 3. Ingredient Management 53 Ingredient Grouping 55 Ingredients Not Requiring a Kosher Certification 56 Ingredients That Require Kosher Verification 57 Non-Kosher Ingredients 58 Ingredient Status 59 Additional Specifications 61 4. Rabbinic Etiquette 65 Shabbos 66 Yom Tov 66 Prayers 68 Shaking Hands 68 Vehicular Travel/Seating 68 Beards and Sidelocks 69 Clothing 69 Yarmulke and Tzitzis 69 Food for the Mashgiach 70 5. Kosher for Passover 71 Passover Ingredient Classification and Terminology 72 Inherently Kosher for Passover 73 Certified Kosher for Passover (Nongrain Based)—Regular Production 74 Certified Kosher for Passover (Nongrain Based)—Special Production 75 Matzah (Unleavened Bread) 76 Gebrokts 77 Matzah A’shirah (Egg Matzah) 77 Kitniyos 78 Chometz 80 Passover Certification and Supervision 80 Jewish-Owned Companies 81 6. Fruit and Vegetables 85 Insect Infestation 85 Israeli Produce 87 Wine and Grape Juice—S’tam Yaynam 89 Fruit and Vegetable Coatings 89 7. The Baking Industry 91 Dairy Bread 91 Ingredient Issues and Kosherization 92 M’zonos (Cake) Bread 95 In-Store Bakeries 95 Challah 96 Supplementary Standards 97 Pas Yisroel 97 Yoshon 99 8. The Biotechnology Industry 101 Fermentation Using Ambient Microflora 101 Fermentation Using Starters from Previous Productions 102 Preparation of Pure Cultures 102 Recovery of Metabolites of Fermentation 104 9. The Dairy Industry 107 Dairy Status 107 Cheese and G’vinas Akum 109 Practical Issues Relating to Dairy Products and Ingredients 110 Fluid Milk 110 Powdered Milk 111 Cream 111 Rennet-Set Cheese 111 Acid-Set Cheese 113 Whey 114 Whey Cream 116 Condensed and Powdered Whey 116 Whey Protein Concentrate 116 Lactose and Minerals 116 Ricotta Cheese and Gjetost 117 Butter, Butter Oil, and Buttermilk 117 Sour Cream and Yogurt 117 Casein and Caseinate 118 Ice Cream 119 Hydrolyzed Casein and Whey 119 Cholov Yisroel —Supervised Milk 119 10. The Fish Industry 123 Kosher Species 123 Identification of Kosher Species 124 Kashrus Issues Relating to Production 125 Ingredient Issues 126 Processing Issues 127 Bishul Akum Issues 129 11. The Flavor Industry 131 Ingredients 131 Kosher Supervision Programs in Flavor Companies 134 12. The Meat and Poultry Industries 137 Kosher Species 137 Kosher Slaughter—Sh’chitah 139 Kosher Meat Inspection and Preparation 141 Inspection of Slaughtered Animals: “Kosher” and “Glatt” 142 “Kashering” and Treiboring: Issues Relating to Blood, Gid ha’Nasheh, and Cheylev 143 Organs, Meat Trimmings, Rendered Fat, and Edible Oil 146 Supervision of Kosher Meat and Poultry 147 13. The Oils Fats and Emulsifier Industries 149 Lipid Sources 149 Processing Issues 150 Supervision 154 Additives 154 Emulsifiers 155 Margarine 155 Lipids Used As Incidental Ingredients 157 14. The Food-Service Industries 159 Restaurants 160 Kosher Standards and Nomenclature 161 Supervision 165 Wine, Whisky, and Liqueur 170 Shabbos, Holiday, and Other Halachic Considerations 172 Caterers 174 Segregation of Meat, Milk, and Pareve Productions in the Same Facility 175 Categories of Catering Services 175 Renting Additional Equipment 177 Equipment Kashering Issues 177 Shabbos 178 Hospitals and Long-Term Care Facilities 182 Prepared Kosher Meals 182 Kosher Food-Service Systems 183 15. The Candy and Confection Industries 185 Ingredient Issues 185 Sugar and Sweeteners 185 Gelatin 189 Food Colors 190 Glazes 191 Production 191 Boiled Candies 191 Starch-Molded Candies 192 Chocolate 193 Chocolate Liquor, Cocoa Butter, and Cocoa 193 Other Fats and Emulsifiers 193 Dairy Ingredients 194 Equipment and Kosherization 194 Recirculating Hot-Water Systems 196 Marshmallows 196 Licorice and Sour Sticks 197 Gum 197 Powdered and Compressed Candies 198 16. The Snack Food Industry 199 General Issues 199 Bishul Akum 200 Dairy versus Pareve 201 Cholov Yisroel 201 Yoshon 201 Potato Chips 201 Fryers 202 Seasonings 202 Extruded Chips 203 Bishul Akum 204 Passover 204 French Fries as a Snack Food 204 Pretzels 205 Extruded Puffed Products 205 Rice Cakes 206 Popcorn 206 Corn and Tortilla Chips 206 Pita and Bagel Chips 207 Granola and Granola Bars 207 Nuts 207 Dried Fruit 209 17. Essays in Kashrus and Food Science 211 Introduction 211 The Story of Bishul Akum 212 The Story of Bread 219 The Story of Butter 227 The Story of Candy 230 The Story of Canning 234 The Story of Cheese and Casein 239 The Story of Chewing Gum 249 The Story of Chocolate 253 The Story of Coffee 258 The Story of Colors 262 The Story of Condiments 270 The Story of Eggs 276 The Story of Emulsifiers 283 The Story of Enzymes 288 The Story of Essential Oils 296 The Story of Fat and Fat Replacers 299 The Story of Fish 302 The Story of Food from the Tree 309 The Story of Fruit 313 The Story of Gelatin 317 The Story of Honey and Royal Jelly 323 The Story of Ice Cream 330 The Story of Imitation Foods 334 The Story of Infant Formula 339 The Story of Insect Infestation 342 The Story of Juices 353 The Story of Kitniyos 357 The Story of Kosher Meat 363 The Story of Kosher Poultry 370 The Story of L-Cysteine 374 The Story of Margarine 379 The Story of Matzah (Unleavened Bread) 383 The Story of Minerals 390 The Story of Mushrooms 393 The Story of Noodles 397 The Story of Nuts 401 The Story of Olives 405 The Story of Potatoes 409 The Story of Preservatives 415 The Story of Release Agents 420 The Story of Spices 426 The Story of Starch 430 The Story of Steam 433 The Story of Sugar and Sugar Alcohols 437 The Story of Sugar Replacers 443 The Story of Tea 450 The Story of Tuna 453 The Story of Vinegar 461 The Story of Vitamins 466 The Story of Whey 471 The Story of Wine, Beer, and Alcohol 477 Kashrus Glossary for the Food Technologist 487 Index 499

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Book SynopsisThis new book offers practical insights into the latest developments in responsive polymers, i.e. , polymers engineered to alter structure and properties in response to environmental inputs. The book features original design, methodological, and application data.Table of ContentsPreface. List of contributors. 1. Stimuli-Responsive Brushlike Macromoleculas. 2. Design of Responsive Water-Soluble Block Copolymers. 3. Azobenzene-Containing Photoswitchable Polymeric Langmuir-Blodgett-Kuhn Multilayer Films. 4. Stimuli-Responsive Semifluorinated Polymer Brushes. 5. Nanopatterning of Stimulus-Responsive Polymer Brushes by Scanning Probe and Electron Beam Lithography. 6. Responsive "Unary" Polymer Brushes with Active Anchoring Layer. 7. Mechanism of Phase Segregation in Binary Polymer Brushes: Three-Dimensional Experimental Analysis of Inner Structure. 8. Controlling Selective Adsorption on Patterned Gradient Y-Shaped Amphiphilic Brushes. 9. Responsive Polymers in Microfluidic Devices. 10. Nonspherical Colloidal Particles and Their Stimuli-Responsive Film Formation. 11. Responsive Siloxane-Based Polymeric Surfaces. 12. Nanostructured Composites Based on Polymer Gels. 13. Stimuli-Responsive Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules. 14. Gold Nanoparticle Enhanced Transmission Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectroscopy. Index.

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Book SynopsisCoverage of basic Anaerobic Biotechnology principles Practical applications of principles and processes Thorough coverage of cost-effective and sustainable means of treating waste water and resource reclamation.Table of ContentsCONTRIBUTORS, xi PREFACE, xiii 1 OVERVIEW OF ANAEROBIC BIOTECHNOLOGY, 1 Samir Kumar Khanal 1.1 Anaerobic Biotechnology and Bioenergy Recovery, 1 1.2 Historical Development, 3 1.3 Importance of Anaerobic Biotechnology in Overall Waste Treatment, 5 1.4 Definition and Principle of Anaerobic Processes, 6 1.5 Important Considerations in Anaerobic Biotechnology, 8 1.6 Merits of Anaerobic Biotechnology, 15 1.7 Limitations of Anaerobic Process, 22 References, 25 2 MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY OF ANAEROBIC BIOTECHNOLOGY, 29 Samir Kumar Khanal 2.1 Background, 29 2.2 Organics Conversion in Anaerobic Systems, 29 2.3 Process Microbiology, 32 References, 41 3 ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, 43 Samir Kumar Khanal 3.1 Background, 43 3.2 Temperature, 43 3.3 Operating pH and Alkalinity, 47 3.4 Nutrients, 55 3.5 Toxic Materials, 56 3.6 Redox Potential or Oxidation–Reduction Potential, 59 References, 61 4 KINETICS AND MODELING IN ANAEROBIC PROCESSES, 65 Keshab Raj Sharma 4.1 Background, 65 4.2 Basic Elements, 66 4.3 Stepwise Approach to Modeling, 69 4.4 Modeling of pH Change, 79 4.5 Modeling of Energy Generation, 87 References, 92 5 ANAEROBIC REACTOR CONFIGURATIONS FOR BIOENERGY PRODUCTION, 93 Samir Kumar Khanal 5.1 Background, 93 5.2 Strategies for Decoupling HRT and SRT, 93 5.3 Classification of Anaerobic Bioreactors, 94 5.4 Membrane Technology for Syngas Fermentation to Ethanol, 112 References, 114 6 MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES IN ANAEROBIC BIOTECHNOLOGY: APPLICATION IN BIOENERGY GENERATION, 115 Srisuda Dhamwichukorn 6.1 Background, 115 6.2 Molecular Techniques in Anaerobic Biotechnology, 115 6.3 Fundamentals of Molecular Techniques, 116 6.4 Phylogenetic Analysis, 117 6.5 Molecular Techniques for Microbial Community Structure Analysis: DNA Fingerprinting, Clone Library, and Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization, 118 6.6 Molecular Techniques for Functional Analysis, 121 6.7 Nucleic Acid Extraction of Anaerobic Cells/Isolates and Sludge, 123 6.8 Molecular Techniques for Structure and Function Analysis, 123 6.9 Postgenomic Approaches for Bioenergy Research, 128 References, 130 7 BIOENERGY RECOVERY FROM SULFATE-RICH WASTE STREAMS AND STRATEGIES FOR SULFIDE REMOVAL, 133 Samir Kumar Khanal 7.1 Background, 133 7.2 Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria, 133 7.3 High-Strength Sulfate-Rich Wastewater, 135 7.4 Methane Recovery from High-Strength Sulfate-Laden Wastewater, 135 7.5 Important Considerations in Treatment and Methane Recovery from High-Strength Sulfate-Laden Wastewater, 137 7.6 Interactions between MPB and SRB, 143 7.7 Sulfide Removal, 149 References, 157 8 BIOENERGY GENERATION FROM RESIDUES OF BIOFUEL INDUSTRIES, 161 Samir Kumar Khanal 8.1 Background, 161 8.2 Bioethanol Feedstocks, 162 8.3 Biodiesel Feedstocks, 163 8.4 Ethanol Production, 163 8.5 Thin Stillage Characterization, 171 8.6 Cassava-Based Ethanol Production, 183 8.7 Cellulose-Based Ethanol Production, 185 8.8 Bioenergy Recovery from Crude Glycerin, 186 References, 187 9 BIOHYDROGEN PRODUCTION: FUNDAMENTALS, CHALLENGES, AND OPERATION STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCED YIELD, 189 Samir Kumar Khanal 9.1 Background, 189 9.2 Biological Hydrogen Production, 190 9.3 Microbiology of Dark Fermentation, 191 9.4 Hydrogen Production Pathway through Dark Fermentation, 192 9.5 Suppression of Hydrogen Consumers, 196 9.6 Hydrogen Yield, 199 9.7 Important Considerations in Biohydrogen Production, 200 9.8 Limitations of Dark Fermentation and Potential Remedial Options, 210 9.9 Technoeconomic Analysis of Hydrogen Fermentation, 213 References, 215 10 MICROBIAL FUEL CELL: NOVEL ANAEROBIC BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR ENERGY GENERATION FROM WASTEWATER, 221 Hong Liu 10.1 Background, 221 10.2 How Does a Microbial Fuel Cell Work?, 222 10.3 Stoichiometry and Energetics, 223 10.4 Electrochemically Active Microbes and Electron Transfer Mechanisms, 225 10.5 Evaluation of MFC Performance, 228 10.6 MFC Designs and Electrode Materials, 231 10.7 Operational Factors Affecting MFC Performance, 239 10.8 Opportunities and Challenges for MFCs in Wastewater Treatment, 242 References, 243 11 PRETREATMENT OF HIGH-SOLIDS WASTES/RESIDUES TO ENHANCE BIOENERGY RECOVERY, 247 Santha Harikishan 11.1 Background, 247 11.2 Efficiency of Sludge Pretreatment, 248 11.3 Ultrasound Pretreatment, 250 11.4 Chemical and Physical Pretreatment, 257 11.5 Thermal Hydrolysis, 261 11.6 Impact of Improved Digestibility on Overall Process Economics, 264 References, 264 12 BIOGAS PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION AS AN ENERGY SOURCE, 267 Santha Harikishan 12.1 Background, 267 12.2 Biogas Production, 267 12.3 Factors Affecting Digester Gas Production, 269 12.4 Biogas Composition, 270 12.5 Biogas Impurities, 272 12.6 Biogas Cleaning for Effective Utilization, 274 12.7 Biogas Utilization, 279 12.8 Future of Biogas as a Renewable Resource, 290 References, 291 INDEX, 293

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Book SynopsisConcepts are critical for the development and marketing of products and services. They constitute the blueprint for these products and services, albeit at the level of consumers rather than at the technical level. A good product concept can help make the product a success by guiding developers and advertising in the right direction. Yet, there is a dearth of both practical and scientific information about how to create and evaluate concepts. There has been little or no focus on establishing knowledge bases for concepts. Concept development is too often relegated to the so-called fuzzy front end. Concept Research in Food Product Design and Development remedies this inattention to product concepts by providing a unique treatment of concepts for the business professional as well as for research scientists. The book begins with simple principles of concepts, moves forward to methods for testing concepts, and then on to more substantive areas such as establisTrade Review“A brilliant 597 pages in six major chapters… How can an organisation translate consumers’ needs… in to a product that [they] acquire willingly, use beneficially and dispose of with minimal environmental stress? This book answers by providing a unique treatment of concepts for business professionals as well as for research scientists. In fact, there is no other book like it!” Dr Aubrey Parsons, Food and Beverage Reporter, May 2006 "A brilliant 597 pages in six major chapters and 27 sub-chapters." "This book answers by providing a unique treatment of concepts for business professionals as well as for research scientists. In fact, there is no other book like it!" Food and Beverage, May 2006Table of Contents1. The Business Environment and the Role of Concept Research in that Environment. Part I: Nuts & Bolts, Raw Materials & Ratings. 2. Single Benefits Screening (promise testing) and more Complex Concept Testing. 3. Ideation Strategies & Their Deployment in Concept Development. 4. From Questions and Scales to Respondents and Field Execution. Part II: Experimental Designs, Graphics, Segments and Markets. 5. Systematic Variation of Concept Elements and the Conjoint Analysis Approach. 6. Concepts as a Combination of Graphics. 7. Segmentation Results and the Differential Importance of Categories. 8. International Research and Transnational Segmentation (Chapter written by Bert Krieger). Part III : Advanced Analytics. 9. Believing the Results: Reliability and Validity. 10. Response time as a Dependent Variable in Concept Research. 11. Children Compared with Adults. 12. Pricing Issues in Early-stage Concept Research. 13. Analyzing a Study: Casual-dining Restaurant. 14. Creating Products from Concepts and Vice Versa. 15. Exploratory Modeling and Mapping, Simulating New Combinations, Data Mining. Part IV: Putting the Approaches to Work. 16. Developing from the Ground up: Self-authoring Systems for Text and Package Concepts (Chapter written by Alex Gofman). 17. Deconstruction and competitive intelligence. 18. Bottom-up Innovation: Creating Product Concepts from First Principles (Chapter written by Roberto Cappuccio). 19. Creating a Cyberspace Innovation Machine (Chapter written by Laurent Flores and Andrea Maier). Part V: Databasing. 20. Creating an Integrated Database from Concept Research – The It! Studies (Chapter written by Hollis Ashman and Jacqueline Beckley). 21. Highlights and insights from The It! Studies: Crave It! and Eurocrave (Chapter written by Tracy Luckow). 22. Highlights and Insights from the Drink It!® Study (Chapter written by Angus Hughson). 23. Understanding Brand Names in Concepts. 24. Emotion in concepts (Chapter written with the help of Hollis Ashman). Part VI: The Grand Overview. 25. Concept Development and the Consumer-insights Business (Chapter with the help of Jeffrey Ewald). 26. Scientific & Business Realpolitik: Insights from selling new ideas for Concept Research. 27. Two Views of the future: Structured Informatics and Research. Index

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Book SynopsisType 2 diabetes is a growing problem for the developed and developing countries and it is a burden on healthcare systems as well as individuals. Nutraceuticals, Glycemic Health and Type 2 Diabetes primarily focuses on the nutraceuticals that assist in preventing and managing prediabetes and type 2 diabetes.Trade Review"This book is a veritable wealth of information regarding nutraceuticals, functional foods, nutritional strategies, and herbal therapy for the prevention or treatment of type 2 diabetes." (HerbalGram, July 2010) “This is a nice reference on the emerging evidence behind the use of nutraceuticals in the possible treatment and prevention of diabetes. Many interesting compounds are discussed.” (Doody's Book Reviews, November 2008)Table of ContentsPreface. Contributors. 1. Nutraceuticals and Diabetes Prevention and Management. James W. Anderson MD and Vijai Pasupuleti, PhD. Part One: Glycemic Health and Type 2 Diabetes. 2. Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes. Karen Chapman-Novakofski, PhD. 3. Preventing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Frank Greenway, MD. 4. Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load: Effects on Glucose, Insulin and Lipid Regulation. Julia MW Wong RD, Andrea R Josse MSc, Livia Augustin PhD, Amin Esfahani BSc, Monica S Banach BSc, Cyril WC Kendall PhD, David JA Jenkins MD. 5. Glycemia: Health Implications. L. Raymond Reynolds, MD, FACP, FACE. 6. Glycemic Health, Type 2 Diabetes and Functional Foods. Kaye Foster-Powell, Alan Barclay and Jennie Brand-Miller. PhD. Part Two: Nutraceuticals and Type 2 Diabetes. 7. Dietary Fiber and Associated Phytochemicals in Prevention and Reversal of Diabetes. James W. Anderson, MD. 8. Cinnamon, Glucose and Insulin Sensitivity. Richard A. Anderson, PhD and Anne-Marie Roussel, PhD. 9. Soybean and Soy Component Effects on Obesity and Diabetes. James W. Anderson, MD and Vijai K. Pasupuleti, PhD. 10. Minerals and Insulin Health. Philip Domenico, PhD and James R. Komorowski. 11. Targeting Oxidant Stress as a Strategy for Preventing Vascular Complications of Diabetes and Metabolic. Syndrome. Mark F. McCarty PhD and Toyoshi Inoguchi MD. 12. Ginseng in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of the Evidence in Humans. John L. Sievenpiper, PhD, Alexandra L. Jenkins, RD,. PhD, Anamarie Dascalu, MD, MSc, P. Mark Starvro, PhD. and Vladimir Vuksan, PhD. 13. Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Management and Treatment of the Symptoms of Diabetes. Azadeh Lankarani-Fard, MD and Zhaoping Li, M.D., PhD. 14. Fenugreek and Traditional Antidiabetic Herbs of Indian Origin. Krishnapura Srinivasan, PhD. 15. Nopal (Opuntia spp.) and Other Traditional Mexican Plants. Rosalia Reynoso-Camacho, PhD and Elvira González de Mejía, PhD. 16. Natural Resistant Starch in Glycemic Management: From. Physiological Mechanisms to Consumer Communications. Rhonda S. Witwer, B.S., M.B.A. 17. Proteins, Protein Hydrolysates or Bioactive Peptides in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes. Joris Kloek PhD, Vijai K. Pasupuleti PhD and Luc J.C. Van Loon. 18. Future Trends and Directions. James W. Anderson, MD and Vijai K. Pasupuleti, PhD. Appendix

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Book SynopsisGuidelines for Vapor Release Mitigation is a survey of current industrial practice for controlling accidental releases of hazardous vapours and preventing their escape from the source area.Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgments. Summary. Glossary. Chapter 1. Introduction. 1.1. Objective. 1.2. Hazard of Accidental Vapor Cloud Releases. 1.3. Types of Vapor Clouds. 1.3.1. Flammable Vapor Clouds. 1.3.2. Toxic Vapor Clouds. 1.3.3. Flammable-Toxic Vapor Clouds. 1.3.4. Other Types of Vapor Clouds. 1.4. Forms of Vapor Release. 1.5. Release Causes. 1.6. Possible Consequences of Vapor Cloud Releases. 1.6.1. Toxic Effects. 1.6.2. Fires. 1.6.3. Explosions. 1.7. Analysis of the Need for Mitigation. 1.8. Vapor Release Mitigation Approaches. Chapter 2. Mitigation through Inherently Safer Plants. 2.1. Inventory Reduction. 2.2. Chemical Substitution. 2.3. Process Modification. 2.3.1. Refrigerated Storage. 2.3.2. Dilution. 2.4. Siting Considerations. Chapter 3. Engineering Design Approaches to Mitigation. 3.1. Plant Physical Integrity. 3.1.1. Design Practices. 3.1.2. Materials of Construction. 3.2. Process Integrity. 3.2.1. Identification of reactants and Solvents. 3.2.2. Limits on Operating Conditions. 3.2.3. Process Control Systems. 3.2.4. Pressure Relief Systems. 3.2.4.1. Relief Devices. 3.2.4.2. Relief Headers. 3.3. Process Design Features for Emergency Control. 3.3.1. Emergency Relief Treatment Systems. 3.3.1.1. Active Scrubbers. 3.3.1.2. Passive Scrubbers. 3.3.1.3. Stacks. 3.3.1.4. Flares. 3.3.1.5. Catchtanks for Vapor-Liquid Separation. 3.3.1.6. Incinerators. 3.3.1.7. Absorbers. 3.3.1.8. Adsorbers. 3.3.1.9. Condensers. 3.3.2. Emergency Process Abort Systems. 3.3.3. Emergency Isolation of Leak/Break. 3.3.3.1. Isolation Devices. 3.3.3.2. Remote Isolation. 3.3.3.3. Inspection and Testing of Isolation Devices. 3.3.4. Emergency Transfer of Materials. 3.3.4.1. Transfer of Vapor/Cover Gas to Reduce Driving Pressure. 3.3.4.2. transfer of Liquids to reduce Inventory Available for Release. 3.4. Spill containment. 3.4.1. Double Containment. 3.4.2. Enclosures and Walls. 3.4.3. Dikes, Curbs, Trenches, and Impoundments. Chapter 4. Process Safety Management Approaches to Mitigation. 4.1. Operating Policies and Procedures. 4.2. Training for Vapor Release Prevention and Control. 4.3. Audits and Inspections. 4.4. Equipment Testing. 4.5. Maintenance Programs. 4.6. Modifications and Changes. 4.7. Methods for Stopping a Leak. 4.7.1. Patching. 4.7.2. Freezing. 4.8. Security. Chapter 5. Mitigation through Early Vapor Detection and Warning. 5.1. Detectors and Sensors. 5.1.1. Types of Sensors. 5.1.1.1. Combustion. 5.1.1.2. Catalytic. 5.1.1.3. Electrical. 5.1.1.4. Chemical Reaction. 5.1.1.5. Visual. 5.1.1.6. Absorption/Scattering. 5.1.2. Response Time of Sensors. 5.1.3. Positioning of Sensors. 5.2. Detection by Personnel. 5.2.1. Odor Warning Properties. 5.2.2. Color or Fog. 5.3. Alarm Systems. Chapter 6. Mitigation through Countermeasures. 6.1. Vapor/Liquid Releases. 6.2. Vapor Release Countermeasures. 6.2.1. Water Sprays. 6.2.2. Water Curtains. 6.2.3. Steam Curtains. 6.2.4. Air Curtains. 6.2.5. Deliberate Ignition. 6.2.6. Ignition Source Control. 6.3. Liquid Release Countermeasures. 6.3.1. Dilution. 6.3.2. Neutralization. 6.3.3. Covers. 6.3.3.1. Liquids. 6.3.3.2. Foams. 6.3.3.3. Solids. 6.3.3.4. Application. 6.4. Avoidance of Factors that Aggravate Vaporization Chapter 7. On-Site Emergency Response. 7.1. On-Site communications. 7.2. Emergency Shutdown Equipment and Procedures. 7.3. Site Evacuation. 7.4. Havens. 7.5. Escape from Vapor Cloud. 7.6. Personal Protective Equipment. 7.7. Medical Treatment. 7.8. On-Site Emergency Plans, Procedures, Training, and Drills. Chapter 8. Alerting Local Authorities and the Public. 8.1. Alerting Systems. 8.1.1. Capabilities. 8.1.2. Input Requirements. 8.2. Roles and Lines of Communication. 8.3. Information to Be Communicated. Chapter 9. Selection of Mitigation Measures. 9.1. Risk Analysis. 9.2. Method for Hazard Identification. 9.3. Method for Estimating the Consequences of Accidents. 9.4. Methods for Estimating the Probability of Accidents. Appendix A. Loss-of-Containment Causes in the Chemical Industry. Appendix B. Properties of Some Hazardous Materials. Appendix C. Derivation of Fog Correlations. Appendix D. Catchtank Design. Appendix E. Capacity of Havens. Appendix F. Sources to Vapor-mitigation Equipment Vendors. Subject Index.

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Book SynopsisCovering Equipment Testing Procedure, softcover member and other discounts do not apply to this title.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Purpose and Scope. Purpose. Scope. Liability. Chapter 2. Definitions and Descriptions of Terms. Flow Quantities. Key components. Tray Efficiency. Operating Lines. Pinch. Maximum Throughput. Minimum Throughput. Operating Section. Chapter 3. Test Planning. Safety. Environmental. Preliminary Preparation. Test Objectives. Organizational Resources. Schedule. Column Control and Instrumentation. Peripheral Equipment. Pretest Calculations. Types of Tests. Performance Tests. Acceptance Tests. Specific Areas of Interest. Tray Efficiency. Capacity Limitations. Energy Consumption. Pressure-Drop Restrictions. Data requirements-Measured. Properties of External Streams, Overall and Component Material Balances, Over Enthalpy Balances. Internal Temperatures. Internal Samples. Pressure Profiles. Data Requirements-Physical Properties. Essential Data. Auxiliary Data. Test Procedure Documentation. Chapter 4. Methods of Measurement and Sampling. Measurement of Temperatures. Accuracy. Errors. Measurement of Flow Rates. Orifice Meters. Rotameters. Direct Volume or Weight Measurement. Measurement of Column Pressure Drop. Instruments. Pressure taps. Seal Pots. Accuracy. Sampling Procedures. General. Selection of Sampling Points. Sample Connections. Containers. Sampling of High Boiling Materials. Sampling of Intermediate Boiling Materials. Sampling of Materials Having Boiling Points Below -50o F (-46oC). Labeling and Handling of the Samples. Chapter 5. Test Procedure. Preliminary. Pretest Procedure for Maximum Hydraulic Throughput. Reaching the Flooding Point. Capacity Test. Test Period. Establishment of Steady State Conditions. Length of Test Period. Chapter 6. Computation of Results. Verification of Test Data. Material Balance. Enthalpy Balance. Overall Balance. Internal Flow Rates. Column Capacity. Column Pressure Drop. Overall Column Efficiency. Computer Calculation. Graphical Calculation. Murphree Tray Efficiency. Sample Calculations. Chapter 7. Interpretation of Results. Sources of Experimental Error. Effects of Experimental Error. Possible Reasons for Not Meeting Design Performance. Mechanical. Process. Applications of Test results to Design Conditions. Chapter 8. Appendix. Notation. Illustrations. Sample Calculation. English Units. SI Units. References.

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Book SynopsisDrawn from international sources, this book provides principles and strategies for the evaluation of chemical reactions, and for using this information in process design and management, and places special emphasis on the use of state-of-the-art technology in theory, testing methods, and applications in design and operations.Table of ContentsList of Tables. List of Figures. Preface. Acknowledgments. Glossary. List of Symbols. Chapter 1. Introduction. 1.1. General. 1.2. Chemical Reactivity. 1.3. Detonations, Deflagrations, and Runaways. 1.4. Assessment and Testing Strategies. Chapter 2. Identification of Hazardous Chemical Reactivity. 2.1. Summary/Strategy. 2.1.1. Introduction. 2.1.2. Hazard Identification Strategy. 2.1.3. Exothermic Reactions. 2.1.4. Experimental Thermal and Reactivity Measurements. 2.1.5. Test Strategies. 2.1.6. Overview of Thermal Stability Test methods. 2.1.7. Examples of Interpretation and Application of Test Data. 2.2. Technical Section. 2.2.2. Identification of High Energy Substances. 2.2.3. Hazard Prediction by Thermodynamic Calculations. 2.2.3.1. Oxygen Balance. 2.2.3.2. Calculation of the Reaction Enthalpy. 2.2.3.3. Application of Computer Programs. 2.2.4. Instability/Incompatibility Factors. 2.2.4.1. Factors Influencing Stability. 2.2.4.2. Redox Systems. 2.2.4.3. Reactions with Water. 2.2.4.4. Reactions between Halogenated Hydrocarbons and Metals. 2.3. Practical Testing. 2.3.1. Screening Tests. 2.3.1.1. Thermal Analysis. 2.3.1.2. Isoperibolic Calorimetry. 2.3.2. Thermal Stability and Runaway Testing. 2.3.2.1. Isothermal Storage Tests. 2.3.2.2. Dewar Flask Testing and Adiabatic Storage Tests. 2.3.2.3. Accelerating Rate Calorimeter (ARC). 2.3.2.4. Stability Tests for Powders. 2.3.3. Explosibility Testing. 2.3.3.1.Detonation Testing. 2.3.3.2. Deflagration Testing and Autoclave Testing. 2.3.3.3. Mechanical Sensitivity Testing. 2.3.3.4. Sensitivity to heating Under Confinement. 2.3.4. Reactivity Testing. 2.3.4.1. Pyrophoric Properties. 2.3.4.2. Reactivity with Water. 2.3.4.3. Oxidizing Properties. 2.3.5. Flammability Testing. Chapter 3. Chemical Reactivity Considerations in Process/Reactor Design and Operation. 3.1. Introduction. 3.1.1. Thermal Hazards: Identification and Analysis. 3.1.1.1. Cause, Definition, and Prevention of a Runaway. 3.1.1.2. Some Simple Rules for Inherent Safety. 3.1.1.3. Strategy for Inherent Safety in Design and Operation. 3.1.1.4. Equipment to be Used for the Analysis of Hazards. 3.2. Reactor, Heat and Mass Balance Considerations. 3.2.1. Heat and Mass Balances, Kinetics, and Reaction Stability. 3.2.1.1. Adiabatic Temperature Rise. 3.2.1.2. The Reaction. 3.2.1.3. Reaction Rate. 3.2.1.4. Reaction Rate Constant. 3.2.1.5. Concentration of Reactants. 3.2.1.6. Effect of Surrounding Temperature on Stability. 3.2.1.7. Effect of Agitation and Surface Fouling on Stability. 3.2.1.8. Mass Balance. 3.2.2. Choice of Reactor. 3.2.3. Heat Transfer. 3.2.3.1. Heat Transfer in Nonagitated Vessels. 3.2.3.2. Heat Transfer in Agitated Vessels. 3.3. Acquisition and Use of Process Design data. 3.3.1. Introduction. 3.3.2. Bench-Scale Equipment for Batch/Tank Reactors. 3.3.2.1. Reaction Calorimeter (RC1). 3.3.2.2. Contalab. 3.3.2.3. CPA ThermoMetric Instruments. 3.3.2.4. Quantitative Reaction Calorimeter. 3.3.2.5. Specialized Rectors. 3.3.2.6. Vent Size Package (VSP). 3.3.2.7. Reactive System Screening Tool (RSST). 3.3.3. Process Safety for Reactive Systems. 3.3.3.1. Test Plan. 3.3.3.2. System Under Investigation. 3.3.3.3. Test Results. 3.3.3.4. Malfunction and Process Deviation Testing. 3.3.3.5. Pressure Effect. 3.3.3.6. Results from the ARC, RSST, and VSP. 3.3.4. Scale-up and Pilot Plants. 3.3.4.1. General Remarks. 3.3.4.2. Chemical Kinetics. 3.3.4.3. Mass Transfer/Mixing. 3.3.4.4. Heat Transfer. 3.3.4.5. Self-Heating. 3.3.4.6. Scale-Up of Accelerating Rate Calorimeter (ARC) Results. 3.3.4.7. Scale-Up of Vent Size Package (VSP) Results. 3.3.5. Process Design Applications. 3.3.5.1. Batch and Semi-Batch Processing Plants. 3.3.5.2. An Example Involving Peroxides. 3.3.5.3. An Example Involving a Continuous Nitration. 3.3.5.4. A Self-Heating Example. 3.3.5.5. Batch-to-Continuous Example 3.3.5.6. Integrated Relief Evaluation. 3.3.6. Storage and Handling. 3.3.6.1. Scale-Up Example for Storage. 3.3.6.2. Peroxides. 3.3.6.3. Passive Means to Prevent Explosions. 3.3.7. Dryers and Filters. 3.4. Protective Measures. 3.4.1. Containment. 3.4.1.1. Introduction. 3.4.1.2. Determination of Gas-Vapor Release. 3.4.1.3. Laboratory Scale. 3.4.1.4. Full-Scale Example. 3.4.2. Instrumentation and Detection of Runaways. 3.4.2.1. Methods of On-Line Detection. 3.4.2.2. Methods of Noise Suppression. 3.4.3. Mitigation Measures. 3.4.3.1. Reaction Quenching Methods. 3.4.3.2. An Example Involving a Sulfonation. 3.4.3.3. Relief Disposal. 3.4.3.4. Dispersion, Flaring, Scrubbing, and Containment. 3.4.3.5. Venting. Chapter 4. Management of Chemical Process Safety. 4.1. Hazard Identification and Quantification. 4.2. Hazard Evaluation Procedures. 4.3. Chemical Process Safety Management. 4.4. Future Trends. References. References Cited. Selected Additional Readings. Index.

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Book SynopsisPresents a range of decision aids for risk analysts and decision makers in industry, so that vital decisions can be made in a consistent, logical, and rigorous manner. Though primarily aimed at the process industry, this book is also useful to those who make similar decisions in other industries, including those in management science.Table of ContentsPreface. Acronyms. Chapter 1. Introduction. 1.1. The Challenge of Acute Risk Decision Making. 1.2. Some Key Terms. 1.3. The Basic Risk Decision Process. 1.4. Issues in Selecting a Decision Aid. 1.5. References. Chapter 2. Key Concepts. 2.1. Purpose of Chapter. 2.2. Economic Evaluation Principles. 2.3. Decision Rules. 2.4. Externalities. 2.5. Value of Life. 2.6. Uncertainty. 2.7. Risk Analysis. 2.8. References. Chapter 3. Classification and Description of Recognized Decision Aids. 3.1. Purpose of Chapter. 3.2. Descriptions of Recognized Decision Aids. 3.3. Rationale for Choosing Decision Aids To Be Treated in Detail. 3.4. A Word about Decision Aids Based on the Theory of Fuzzy Sets. 3.5. Summary. 3.6. References. Chapter 4. Evaluating and Selecting Decision Aids. 4.1. Purpose of Chapter. 4.2. Selecting Decision Aids. 4.3. Describe the Problem. 4.4. Identify the Distinguishing Aspects of the Problem. 4.5. Decision Aid Characteristics. 4.6. Decision Aid Characterizations. 4.7. Identify the Problem Class and Candidate Decision Aids. 4.8. Select the Decision Aid(s). 4.9. Summary. 4.10. References. Chapter 5. Introduction to Case Studies. 5.1. Purpose of Chapter. 5.2. Case One: Underground Pipeline. 5.3. Case Two: Chlorine Rail Tank Car Loading Facility. 5.4. Case Three: Distillation Column. 5.5. A Road Map to the Case Studies. 5.6. References. Chapter 6. Voting Methods. 6.1. Purpose of Chapter. 6.2. Overview of Voting Methods. 6.3. Explanation of Voting Methods. 6.4. Case Study: Underground Pipeline. 6.5. Extensions of Voting Methods. 6.6. Implementation Needs. 6.7. Summary. 6.8. References. Chapter 7. Weighted Scoring Methods. 7.1. Purpose of Chapter. 7.2. Overview of Weighted Scoring Methods. 7.3. Explanation of Weighted Scoring Methods. 7.4. Case Study: Distillation Column. 7.5. Extensions of Weighted Scoring Methods. 7.6. Implementation Needs. 7.7. Summary. 7.8. References. Chapter 8. Cost-Benefit Analysis. 8.1. Purpose of Chapter. 8.2. Overview of Cost-Benefit Analysis. 8.3. Explanation of Cost-Benefit Analysis. 8.4. Case Study: Chlorine Lading Facility. 8.5. Extensions of Cost-Benefit Analysis. 8.6. Implementation Needs. 8.7. Summary. 8.8. References. Chapter 9. Mathematical Programming. 9.1. Purpose of Chapter. 9.2. Overview of Mathematical Programming. 9.3. Explanation of Mathematical Programming. 9.4. case Study: Underground Pipeline. 9.5. Extensions of Mathematical Programming. 9.6. Implementation Needs. 9.7. Summary. 9.8. References. Chapter 10. Payoff Matrix Analysis. 10.1. Purpose of Chapter. 10.2. Overview of Payoff Matrix Analysis. 10.3. Explanation of Payoff Matrix Analysis. 10.4. Case Study: Chlorine Loading Facility. 10.5. Extensions. 10.6. Implementation Needs. 10.7. Summary. 10.8. References. Chapter 11. Decision Analysis. 11.1. Purpose of Chapter. 11.2. Overview of Decision Analysis. 11.3. Explanation of Decision Analysis. 11.4. Case Study: Underground Pipeline. 11.5. Extensions of Decision Analysis. 11.6. Implementation Needs. 11.7. Summary. 11.8. References. Chapter 12. Multiattribute Utility Analysis. 12.1. Purpose of Chapter. 12.2. Overview of Multiattribute Utility Analysis. 12.3. Explanation of Multiattribute Utility Analysis. 12.4. Case Study: Distillation Column. 12.5. Extensions of Multiattribute Utility Analysis. 12.6. Implementation Needs. 12.7. Summary. 12.8. References. Chapter 13. review of Case Studies. 13.1. Purpose of Chapter. 13.2. Case One: Underground Pipeline. 13.3. Case Two: Chlorine Rail Tank Car Loading Facility. 13.4. Case Three: Distillation Column. Chapter 14. Implementing Improvements in Risk Decision Making. 14.1. Purpose of Chapter. 14.2. Keys to Implementation. 14.3. Summary. Chapter 15. Future Developments. 15.1. Purpose of Chapter. 15.2. The Field of Research on Decision making. 15.3. Specific Areas of Research. 15.4. References. Appendix A. Software. Appendix B. Training Programs. Appendix C. Topical Bibliography. Index.

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