Biotechnology Books

Book SynopsisBiotechnology of Major Cereals focuses on the recent advances and future prospects in cereal biotechnology. The first part of the book covers the world's major cereals and focus on new developments and trends. The second part is technology rather than species-led, detailing fundamental developments in technologies and significant target traits.Table of Contents1: Biotechnology of Major Cereals 2: Genetic Transformation of Maize: Conventional Methods and Precision Genome Modification 3: Biotech Maize: Industry Development & Impact 4: Sorghum Genetic Transformation: Current Status and Future Target Traits 5: Barley as a Cereal Model for Biotechnology Applications 6: Wheat Biotechnology; Recent Developments and Future Trends 7: The Long and Winding Road of Rice Genetic Modification Technology and its Potential 8: Setaria Viridis; A Model for C4 Crop Biotechnology 9: Genome Editing in Cereals 10: Anther Culture for Doubled Haploids 11: Chloroplast Transformation in Cereals 12: Cross-species Silencing: Plant-mediated RNAi for Insect Control 13: Acrylamide in Cereals: The Problem and Potential Genetic and Agronomic Solutions 14: Engineering Cereal Endosperm 15: Key molecular and Metabolic Processes used for Genetic Engineering to Improve Freezing 16: Mergers and Acquisitions in Global Ag-Biotech

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Book SynopsisThis book covers the biotechnology of all the major perennial fruit and nut species. Since the publication of the first edition of this book in 2005, there has been significant progress in cell culture, genomics and genetic transformation for many of these species. This book covers these biotechnologies and also traditional ones, such as regeneration pathways, protoplast culture, in vitro mutagenesis, and ploidy manipulation that have been applied to many of these species. Three species, Diospyros kaki (persimmon), Punica granatum (pomegranate) and Eriobotrya japonica (loquat) are included for the first time, and several Prunus species now receive separate coverage. The species are organized by plant family to facilitate comparisons among related ones. Each species is discussed in relation to its family and its related wild forms, and most are accompanied by full colour illustrations. This book is a vital resource for those working on the improvement of perennial fruit, nut and plantation crops. The book features: Detailed coverage of major perennial fruit and crop species. Coverage of traditional and new biotechnologies. Full colour illustrations to aid identification This book is an essential resource for scientists and postgraduate students who are engaged in the improvement of perennial fruit, nut and plantation crops and will also be an important accession for university and agricultural research libraries.Table of Contents1: Actinidiaceae 1.1: Actinidia deliciosa Kiwifruit 2: Anacardiaceae 2.1: Anacardium occidentale Cashew 2.2: Mangifera indica L. Mango 2.3: Pistacia vera L. Pistachio 3: Annonaceae 3.1: Annona squamosa Sugar Apple, Annona cherimola Cherimoya and Annona muricata Soursop 4: Arecaceae 4.1: Cocos nucifera L. Coconut 4.2: Elaeis guineensis Oil Palm 4.3: Phoenix dactylifera L. Date Palm 5: Bromeliaceae 5.1: Ananas comosus Pineapple 6: Caricaceae 6.1: Carica papaya L. Papaya 7: Clusiaceae 7.1: Garcinia mangostana Mangosteen 8: Ebenaceae 8.1: Diospyros kaki Persimmon 9: Ericaceae 9.1: Vaccinium spp. Blueberry and Cranberry 10: Fagaceae 10.1: Castanea spp. Chestnut 11: Juglandaceae 11.1: Carya illinoensis Pecan 11.2: Juglans regia L. Walnut 12: Lauraceae 12.1: Persea americana Avocado 13: Malvaceae 13.1: Theobroma cacao L. Cacao 14: Musaceae 14.1: Musa Banana and Plantain 15: Myrtaceae 15.1: Psidium guajaba L. Guava 16: Oleaceae 16.1: Olea europaea Olive 17: Oxalidaceae 17.1: Averrhoa carambola L. Carambola 18: Passifloraceae 18.1: Passiflora edulis Passionfruit 19: Rosaceae 19.1: Eriobotrya japonica Loquat 19.2: Fragaria × ananassa Strawberry 19.3: Malus × domestica Apple 19.4: Prunus sp. Peach and Nectarine 19.5: Prunus sp. Apricot 19.6: Prunus sp. Plum 19.7: Prunus Cherry 19.8: Prunus sp. Almond 19.9: Pyrus Pear and Quince 19.10: Rubus spp. Cane Fruit 20: Rutaceae 20.1: Citrus 21: Sapindaceae 21.1: Dimocarpus longan Longan and Litchi chinensis Litchi 22: Vitaceae 22.1: Vitis spp. Grape

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Book SynopsisBiotechnology harnesses cellular and biochemical systems to advance knowledge of the molecular cause of disease and to provide new diagnostic tools and more precisely targeted drugs. Within a decade, global investment in medical biotechnology has increased more than ten-fold, resulting in therapies for previously untreatable conditions. But what exactly is biotechnology and what are its origins? What further benefits to human health could it offer in the future? Written in an accessible style, contributors to this book explore the history behind different biotechnology tools, how they are used, and how they are reshaping the future of diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines. Among the technologies examined are genetic engineering, DNA sequencing, monoclonal antibodies, stem cells, gene therapy, cancer immunotherapy and the most recent newcomer - synthetic biology. Applying new biotechnologies in medicine is not without great challenges. As medicines shift from small organic molecules to large, complex structures, such as therapeutic proteins, drugs become difficult to make, administer and regulate. This book will intrigue anyone interested in medicine and how we have been, and may continue to, engineer better health for ourselves. Such changes have major implications for how and where drugs are manufactured, the cost of medicine and the ethics of how far society is prepared to go to combat disease.Trade ReviewThe book has turned out surprisingly readable, with Marks’ own chapters being very accessible and lay-friendly. The book impresses with 19th and 20th century historical connections to things that are topical today. -- Michael Gross, Oxford, UK * Chemistry & Industry Magazine, Issue 05, 2018 *What is biotechnology? This simple question is very hard to answer in a few words. If you define the term broadly, such as manipulation of biological systems to obtain useful products, you would capture the entire history of agriculture along with traditional technologies like brewing and baking. If you approach it with very specific definitions, it will splinter into numerous subdisciplines, including molecular biology, cellular biotechnology and synthetic biology, which again contain quite diverse subsets. To stay focused on modern developments, one could define biotechnology as the set of successful developments growing out of the major revolutions in 20th century molecular and cellular biology, including the techniques to sequence, synthesise and edit DNA, monoclonal antibodies, stem cells and cloning. However, owing to the complexities of dealing with biological source material and applications frequently aimed at human disease, the approach often must be a pragmatic ‘whatever works’, until something else comes along that works better. Thus, pig insulin was replaced by recombinant human insulin produced in bacteria. The forgotten 19th century invention of serum therapy was reborn with molecular specificity when methods to produce monoclonal antibodies were invented. The monoclonals themselves are now at risk of being replaced by more compact molecules such as the nanobodies derived from the single-chain antibodies that are naturally found in camels and their relatives. Marks, a historian of medicine at University College London, is the editor of the website What Is biotechnology? (whatisbiotechnology.org), which was set up as a non-profit organisation to improve public understanding of this field. Out of her work for the website grew this book, to which she contributed the introduction as well as chapters on antibodies and on cancer immunotherapy, while experts from various universities and research institutes wrote chapters on issues including vaccines, gene therapy, stem cells, eye disease and synthetic biology. The fact that the chapters appear to be categorised along different coordinates – some cover a type of disease, some a type of cure, some a research approach – underlines the difficulty of systematically describing what biotechnology is. As the slices are cut in different directions, overlaps between chapters are inevitable. Considering this fundamental difficulty, the book has turned out surprisingly readable, with Marks’ own chapters being very accessible and lay-friendly. The book impresses with 19th and 20th century historical connections to things that are topical today, although some important twists of the early 21st century are missing, including how second-generation sequencing overcame the fundamental limitation of the Sanger method, and the already-mentioned camel antibodies. The answer to the question of what biotechnology is will inevitably change as research moves on. -- Michael Gross, Oxford, UK * Chemistry & Industry Magazine, Issue 05, 2018 *Table of ContentsIntroduction: Biotechnology—An Ever Expanding Toolbox for Medicine; Biopharmaceutical Proteins: The Manufacturing Challenge; Vaccines: The Recombinant Revolution; Monoclonal Antibodies: A Revolution in the Transformation of Healthcare; The Changing Fortune of Cancer Immunotherapy; Gene Therapy: An Evolving Story; Stem Cells: An Emerging Field for Medicine; Protein Therapeutics and Blinding Diseases; Synthetic Biology: A Game Changer?; Synthetic Biology–Engineering Tomorrow’s Medicines

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Book SynopsisMicrofluidic technology is revolutionising a number of scientific fields, including chemistry, biology, diagnostics, and engineering. The ability to manipulate fluids and objects within networks of micrometre-scale channels allows reductions in processing and analysis times, reagent and sample consumption, and waste production, whilst allowing fine control and monitoring of chemical or biological processes. The integration of multiple components and processes enable “lab-on-a-chip” devices and “micro total analysis systems” that have applications ranging from analytical chemistry, organic synthesis, and clinical diagnostics to cell biology and tissue engineering. This concise, easy-to-read book is perfectly suited for instructing newcomers on the most relevant and important aspects of this exciting and dynamic field, particularly undergraduate and postgraduate students embarking on new studies, or for those simply interested in learning about this widely applicable technology. Written by a team with more than 20 years of experience in microfluidics research and teaching, the book covers a range of topics and techniques including fundamentals (e.g. scaling laws and flow effects), microfabrication and materials, standard operations (e.g. flow control, detection methods) and applications. Furthermore, it includes questions and answers that provide for the needs of students and teachers in the area.Table of ContentsTheory of Microfluidics; Device Fabrication; Layout of Microfluidic Chips; Engineering Surfaces; Forces in Microfluidics; Flow Control; Valving and Pumping; Mixing; Droplet Formation and Manipulation; Extraction and Reactions; Separations on Chip; Optical Detection; Electrochemistry; Cells in Lab on a Chip; Development of a Lab-on-a-Chip Systems for Point-of-care Applications

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Book SynopsisIn this book, the authors present in detail several recent methodologies and algorithms that we have developed during the last fifteen years. The deterministic methods account for uncertainties through empirical safety factors, which implies that the actual uncertainties in materials, geometry and loading are not truly considered. This problem becomes much more complicated when considering biomechanical applications where a number of uncertainties are encountered in the design of prosthesis systems. This book implements improved numerical strategies and algorithms that can be applied only in biomechanical studies.Table of ContentsPreface ix Introduction xi Chapter 1. Basic Tools for Reliability Analysis 1 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. Advantages of numerical simulation and optimization 2 1.3. Numerical simulation by finite elements 3 1.3.1. Use 3 1.3.2. Principle 4 1.3.3. General approach 5 1.4. Optimization process 6 1.4.1. Basic concepts 7 1.4.2. Problem classification 10 1.4.3. Optimization methods 22 1.4.4. Unconstrained methods 23 1.4.5. Constrained methods 43 1.5. Sensitivity analysis 56 1.5.1. Importance of sensitivity 56 1.5.2. Sensitivity methods 57 1.6. Conclusion 61 Chapter 2. Reliability Concept 63 2.1. Introduction 63 2.1.1. Preamble 63 2.1.2. Reliability history 63 2.1.3. Reliability definition 65 2.1.4. Importance of reliability 66 2.2. Basic functions and concepts for reliability analysis 66 2.2.1. Failure concept 67 2.2.2. Uncertainty concept 67 2.2.3. Random variables 68 2.2.4. Probability density function 69 2.2.5. Cumulative distribution function 69 2.2.6. Reliability function 70 2.3. System reliability 71 2.3.1. Series conjunction 71 2.3.2. Parallel conjunction 72 2.3.3. Mixed conjunction 73 2.3.4. Delta-star conjunction 74 2.4. Statistical measures 77 2.5. Probability distributions 81 2.5.1. Uniform distribution 82 2.5.2. Normal distribution 86 2.5.3. Lognormal distribution 91 2.6. Reliability analysis 97 2.6.1. Definitions 97 2.6.2. Algorithms 105 2.6.3. Reliability analysis methods 106 2.6.4. Optimality criteria 110 2.7. Conclusion 112 Chapter 3. Integration of Reliability Concept into Biomechanics 113 3.1. Introduction 113 3.2. Origin and categories of uncertainties 115 3.3. Uncertainties in biomechanics 116 3.3.1. Uncertainty in loading 117 3.3.2. Uncertainty in geometry 118 3.3.3. Uncertainty in materials 118 3.4. Bone-related uncertainty 119 3.4.1. Bone behavior law 120 3.4.2. Contribution to the characterization of the bone’s mechanical properties 125 3.5. Bone developments and formulations 126 3.5.1. Current formulation 126 3.5.2. Generalized formulation 127 3.5.3. Optimized formulation 128 3.5.4. Extension to orthotropic behavior formulation 130 3.6. Characterization by experimentation of the bone’s mechanical properties 133 3.6.1. Characterization by bending test 134 3.6.2. Characterization by compression test 135 3.7. Conclusion 136 Chapter 4. Reliability Analysis of Orthopedic Prostheses 137 4.1. Introduction to orthopedic prostheses 137 4.1.1. History of prostheses 139 4.1.2. Evolution of prostheses 139 4.1.3. Examples of orthopedic prostheses 140 4.2. Reliability analysis of the intervertebral disk 140 4.2.1. Functional anatomy 140 4.2.2. The lumbar functional spinal unit 141 4.2.3. Intervertebral disk prosthesis 145 4.2.4. Numerical application on the intervertebral disk 147 4.3. Reliability analysis of the hip prosthesis 154 4.3.1. Anatomy 154 4.3.2. Presentation of the total hip prosthesis 158 4.3.3. Numerical application of the hip prosthesis 161 4.3.4. Boundary conditions 164 4.3.5. Direct simulation 164 4.3.6. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis 166 4.3.7. Integration of reliability analysis 167 4.4. Conclusion 173 Chapter 5. Reliability Analysis of Orthodontic Prostheses 175 5.1. Introduction to orthodontic prostheses 175 5.2. Anatomy of the temporomandibular joint 176 5.2.1. Articular bone regions and meniscus 177 5.2.2. Ligaments 179 5.2.3. Myology, elevator muscles and depressor muscles 179 5.3. Numerical simulation of a non-fractured mandible 183 5.3.1. Description of the studied mandible 183 5.3.2. Numerical results 185 5.4. Reliability analysis of the fixation system of the fractured mandible 188 5.4.1. Description of a fractured mandible 188 5.4.2. Fixation strategy using mini-plates 189 5.4.3. Study of a homogeneous and isotropic structure 190 5.4.4. Study of a composite and orthotropic structure 198 5.4.5. Result discussion 207 5.5. Conclusion 208 Appendices 209 Appendix 1: Matrix Calculation 211 Appendix 2: ANSYS Code for the Disk Implant 217 Appendix 3: ANSYS Code for the Stem Implant 221 Appendix 4: Probability of Failure/Reliability Index 235 Bibliography 237 Index 245

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Book SynopsisInvented by J. Monod, and independently by A. Novick and L. Szilard, in 1950, the chemostat is both a micro-organism culturing device and an abstracted ecosystem managed by a controlled nutrient flow. This book studies mathematical models of single species growth as well as competition models of multiple species by integrating recent work in theoretical ecology and population dynamics. Through a modeling approach, the hypotheses and conclusions drawn from the main mathematical results are analyzed and interpreted from a critical perspective. A large emphasis is placed on numerical simulations of which prudent use is advocated. The Chemostat is aimed at readers possessing degree-level mathematical knowledge and includes a detailed appendix of differential equations relating to specific notions and results used throughout this book. Table of ContentsIntroduction ix Chapter 1 Bioreactors 1 1.1. Introduction 1 1.1.1. What is a bioreactor? 1 1.1.2. Classification of biological reactors 2 1.1.3. A brief reminder of microbiology 3 1.2. Modeling of biological reactions 4 1.2.1. Regarding the state variables of the model 4 1.2.2. Biological processes and reaction scheme 8 1.2.3. Chemostat equations 11 1.2.4. Biological kinetics 14 1.2.5. The benefits of the chemostat 16 1.3. Toward “a little more” realism 17 1.3.1. Extensions 17 1.3.2. pH and physicochemical equilibria 20 1.3.3. Spatialization 22 1.3.4. Recent developments 23 Chapter 2 The Growth of a Single Species 25 2.1. Mathematical properties of the “minimal model” 26 2.1.1. General properties 26 2.1.2. The function μ is monotonic and bounded 29 2.1.3. The function μ is not monotonic 35 2.1.4. Interpretations 38 2.2. Simulations 40 2.2.1. Simulations in the phase space 41 2.2.2. Transients 43 2.3. Some extensions of the minimal model 45 2.3.1. Presence of biomass in the feed 46 2.3.2. Different dilutions 49 2.3.3. Density-dependent growth rate and characteristic at equilibrium 52 2.3.4. Yield depending on the density of the substrate 58 2.4. Bibliographic notes 61 Chapter 3 Competitive Exclusion 63 3.1. The case of monotonic growth functions 64 3.1.1. Steady states 64 3.1.2. Possible steady-states 65 3.1.3. Local stability of washout steady-state 66 3.2. Competitive exclusion at steady-state 67 3.2.1. Statement 68 3.2.2. Species at steady-state according to the dilution rate 68 3.2.3. Dynamics of proportions between species 69 3.2.4. Conclusion 73 3.3. Global stability 73 3.3.1. A “graphical” proof for two species 75 3.3.2. A proof for the general case 76 3.4. The case of non-monotonic growth functions 80 3.4.1. Growth set 81 3.4.2. Study of steady-states 82 3.4.3. Competitive exclusion 82 3.4.4. Competition between two species 83 3.4.5. Illustration and effect of a “bio-augmentation” 84 3.5. Bibliographic notes 88 Chapter 4 Competition: the Density-Dependent Model 93 4.1. Chapter orientation 93 4.2. Two-species competition 96 4.2.1. Behavior of an isolated species 97 4.2.2. Steady-state of two species in interaction 98 4.2.3. Steady-state stability 102 4.2.4. Simulations 103 4.3. N-species competition: exclusive intraspecific competition 104 4.3.1. Characteristic at equilibrium and coexistence 106 4.3.2. Simulations 110 4.4. N-species competition: the general case 111 4.4.1. A particular density-dependent model 112 4.4.2. Exclusive intraspecific competition 113 4.4.3. Dominant intraspecific competition 113 4.4.4. Undifferentiated competition 114 4.4.5. Dominant intraspecific competition 117 4.5. Bibliographic notes 123 Chapter 5 More Complex Models 125 5.1. Introduction 125 5.2. Models with aggregated biomass 126 5.2.1. Planktonic biomass versus aggregate biomass 127 5.2.2. Coexistence between the two forms 128 5.2.3. Coexistence steady-state 129 5.2.4. Stability study 133 5.2.5. The case of fast attachments/detachments 134 5.2.6. Consideration of several species 138 5.3. The “predator-prey” relationship in the chemostat 139 5.3.1. Introduction 139 5.3.2. The substrate-bacteria-predator “chain” 140 5.3.3. The substrate-bacteria-predators trophic network 143 5.3.4. Comparison to experimental data 146 5.4. Bibliographic notes 148 Appendices 151 Appendix 1 Differential Equations 153 Appendix 2 Indications for the Exercises 195 Bibliography 217 Index 225

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Book SynopsisOptimal control is a branch of applied mathematics that engineers need in order to optimize the operation of systems and production processes. Its application to concrete examples is often considered to be difficult because it requires a large investment to master its subtleties. The purpose of Optimal Control in Bioprocesses is to provide a pedagogical perspective on the foundations of the theory and to support the reader in its application, first by using academic examples and then by using concrete examples in biotechnology. The book is thus divided into two parts, the first of which outlines the essential definitions and concepts necessary for the understanding of Pontryagin’s maximum principle – or PMP – while the second exposes applications specific to the world of bioprocesses. This book is unique in that it focuses on the arguments and geometric interpretations of the trajectories provided by the application of PMP. Table of ContentsIntroduction ix Part 1 Learning to use Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle 1 Chapter 1 The Classical Calculus of Variations 3 1.1 Introduction: notations 3 1.2 Minimizing a function 4 1.2.1 Minimum of a function of one variable 4 1.2.2 Minimum of a function of two variables 6 1.3 Minimization of a functional: Euler–Lagrange equations 10 1.3.1 The problem 10 1.3.2 The differential of J 11 1.3.3 Examples 14 1.4 Hamilton’s equations 20 1.4.1 Hamilton’s classical equations 20 1.4.2 The limitations of classical calculus of variations and small steps toward the control theory 23 1.5 Historical and bibliographic observations 25 Chapter 2 Optimal Control 27 2.1 The vocabulary of optimal control theory 27 2.1.1 Controls and responses 27 2.1.2 Class of regular controls 28 2.1.3 Reachable states 31 2.1.4 Controllability 34 2.1.5 Optimal control 37 2.1.6 Existence of a minimum 38 2.1.7 Optimization and reachable states 42 2.2 Statement of Pontryagin’s maximum principle 44 2.2.1 PMP for the “canonical” problem 44 2.2.2 PMP for an integral cost 47 2.2.3 The PMP for the minimum-time problem 50 2.2.4 PMP in fixed terminal time and integral cost 52 2.2.5 PMP for a non-punctual target 56 2.3 PMP without terminal constraint 57 2.3.1 Statement 57 2.3.2 Corollary 59 2.3.3 Dynamic programming and interpretation of the adjoint vector 59 Chapter 3 Applications 65 3.1 Academic examples (to facilitate understanding) 65 3.1.1 The driver in a hurry 65 3.1.2 Profile of a road 67 3.1.3 Controlling the harmonic oscillator: the swing (problem) 70 3.1.4 The Fuller phenomenon 75 3.2 Regular problems 77 3.2.1 A regular Hamiltonian and the associated shooting method 77 3.2.2 The geodesic problem (seen as a minimum-time problem) 80 3.2.3 Regularization of the problem of the driver in a hurry 90 3.3 Non-regular problems and singular arcs 92 3.3.1 Optimal fishing problem 92 3.3.2 Discontinuous value function: the Zermelo navigation problem 102 3.4 Synthesis of the optimal control, discontinuity of the value function, singular arcs and feedback 118 3.5 Historical and bibliographic observations 125 Part 2 Applications in Process Engineering 127 Chapter 4 Optimal Filling of a Batch Reactor 129 4.1 Reducing the problem 130 4.2 Comparison with Bang–Bang policies 131 4.3 Optimal synthesis in the case of Monod 135 4.4 Optimal synthesis in the case of Haldane 135 4.4.1 Existence of an arc that (partially) separates Θ+ and Θ− 136 4.4.2 Using PMP 138 4.5 Historical and bibliographic observations 141 Chapter 5 Optimizing Biogas Production 143 5.1 The problem 143 5.2 Optimal solution in a well-dimensioned case 146 5.3 The Hamiltonian system 148 5.4 Optimal solutions in the underdimensioned case 156 5.5 Optimal solutions in the overdimensioned case 163 5.6 Inhibition by the substrate 167 5.7 Singular arcs 170 5.8 Historical and bibliographic observations 176 Chapter 6 Optimization of a Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) 177 6.1 Overview of the problem 177 6.2 The model proposed by Benyahia et al 185 6.3 The model proposed by Cogan and Chellamb 186 6.4 Historical and bibliographic observations 188 Appendices 191 Appendix 1 Notations and Terminology 193 Appendix 2 Differential Equations and Vector Fields 197 Appendix 3 Outline of the PMP Demonstration 205 Appendix 4 Demonstration of PMP without a Terminal Target 215 Appendix 5 Problems that are Linear in the Control 221 Appendix 6 Calculating Singular Arcs 231 References 237 Index 243

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Book SynopsisDescribing recent developments in the engineering and generation of plants as production platforms for biopharmaceuticals, this book includes both vaccines and monoclonal antibodies. It has a particular emphasis on targeting diseases which predominate in less developed countries, encompassing the current state of technologies and describing expression systems and applications. This book also includes a variety of vaccine case studies, protecting against pervasive infectious diseases such as rabies, influenza and HIV.Table of Contents1: Introduction, and the Promise of a Plant-derived Vaccine for Hepatitis B Virus 2: Protein Body-inducing Fusions for Recombinant Protein Production in Plants 3: Expression of Recombinant Proteins in Plant Cell Culture 4: Plant-derived Monoclonal Antibodies as Human Biologics for Infectious Disease and Cancer 5: Plant-produced Virus-like Particles 6: Expression of the Capsid Protein of Human Papillomavirus in Plants as an Alternative for the Production of Vaccines 7: Patenting of Plant-made Recombinant Pharmaceuticals and Access in the Developing World 8: Case Study 1: Rabies 9: Case Study 2: Plant-made HIV Vaccines and Neutralizing Antibodies 10: Case Study 3: The Search for a Plant-made Vaccine for Pandemic Influenza Virus

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Book SynopsisEndophytes are bacterial and fungal microorganisms that colonize plants without usually eliciting visible disease symptoms but establishing intricate and mutually beneficial interactions with their host plant. This can lead to an increase in plant vigour, growth, development, and changes in plant metabolism. Endophytes may assist in the development of more productive and sustainable agricultural practices or discoveries of novel pharmacologicals. These elusive organisms are often overlooked and their benefits underrated. Endophytes can support plants in a variety of ways to cope with biotic and abiotic stress factors, such as drought, heat, pest and diseases. They can produce particular metabolites, facilitate access to nutrients, change the plant's chemistry, physiology and responses, or by a combination of these factors. The biosynthetic pathways present in endophytes alone or in combinations with the plant's, can lead to novel chemicals, with yet undiscovered pharmacological characteristics. With state-of-the-art knowledge on their discovery and roles, this book describes the diversity of endophytes, their value, exploitation and future challenges. Key features: Provides an overview of the endophytes that are encountered in nature. Demonstrates the beneficial effects of endophytes together with their practical applications in agriculture. Explores how endophytes are valuable candidates for research on future drugs and biopesticides. This title is a valuable resource for students and researchers in plant science and plant pathology as well as those working in the pharmaceutical and pesticide industries.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Introduction. Chapter 2: Endophytic fungi: Definitions, diversity, distribution and their significance in plant life. Chapter 3: Sources, niches and routes of colonization by beneficial bacterial endophytes. Chapter 4: Analysing seed endophytes for biotechnology. Chapter 5: Mitigating Climate Impacts on Crop Production via Symbiosis. Chapter 6: Endophytes as novel pest control agents: myth or reality? Chapter 7: Improved adaptation of temperate grasses through mutualism with fungal endophytes. Chapter 8: Interactive effects of co-occurring epichloid endophytes, rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi modulating their benefits to grasses and legumes. Chapter 9: Saving resources: The exploitation of endophytes by plants for the biosynthesis of multifunctional defense compounds. Chapter 10: Bioprospecting of endophytes. Chapter 11: Prospects for biotechnological exploitation of endophytes using functional metagenomics. Chapter 12: Interplay between endophyte and host plant in the synthesis and modification of metabolites.

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Book SynopsisAdvances in molecular biology and biotechnology are increasing at a rapid pace, both in the development of new methodologies and in their practical applications. This popular textbook has been revised and updated to provide an overview of this exciting area of bioscience and to reflect a number of the key developments driving this expansion. Chapters on the basic methods of key technologies such as nucleic acid analysis and bioinformatics are presented, in addition to genomics and proteomics, which highlight the impact of molecular biology and biotechnology. New chapters on important and emerging methods have been introduced such as gene editing, next generation sequencing, nanobiotechnology and molecular modelling. The first six chapters deal with the core technology used in current molecular biology and biotechnology. These primarily deal with basic molecular biology methods such as PCR, cloning genes and genomes, protein analysis techniques and recombinant protein production. Later chapters address major advances in the applications of specialist areas of molecular biotechnology. Experienced lecturers and researchers have written each chapter and the information is presented in an easily assimilated form. This book makes an ideal text for undergraduates studying these areas and will be of particular interest to students in many areas of biosciences, biology and chemistry. In addition, it will appeal to postgraduates and other scientific workers who need a sound introduction to this ever rapidly advancing and expanding area.Table of ContentsBasic Molecular Biology Techniques; Genes and Genomes; Protein Expression and Production; Proteins and Proteomics; Transgenesis; The Biotechnology and Molecular Biology of Yeast; Antibody Engineering and Immunotherapeutics; Human and Animal Cell Culture; Genome Editing; Genome Sequencing; Introduction to Bioinformatics; Nanotechnology in Medicine; Biosensors; Modelling and Simulation of Proteins; Agricultural Biotechnology; Vaccine Design Strategies: Pathogens to Genomes; Intellectual Property and Biotechnology Patents

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Book SynopsisSince the first edition of this book was published in 2002, the field of quantitative genetics, genomics and breeding has changed markedly. In response, only four chapters have been updated for this new edition, and the remaining 16 chapters are entirely new. This book presents state-of-the-art, authoritative chapters on contemporary issues in the broad areas of quantitative genetics, genomics and plant breeding. Section 1 (Chapters 2 to 12) emphasizes the application of genomics, and genome and epigenome editing techniques, in plant breeding; bioinformatics; quantitative trait loci mapping; and the latest approaches of examining and exploiting genotype-environment interactions. Section 2 (Chapters 13 to 20) represents the intersection of breeding, genetics and genomics. This section describes the use of cutting-edge molecular breeding and quantitative genetics techniques in wheat, rice, maize, root and tuber crops and pearl millet. Overall, the book focuses on using genomic information to help evaluate traits that can combat biotic/abiotic stresses, genome-wide association mapping, high-throughput genotyping/phenotyping, biofortification, use of big data, orphan crops, and gene editing techniques. The examples featured are taken from across crop science research and cover a wide geographical base. This book contains: chapters by expert authors from six continents; state-of-the-art information on topical areas relative to crop improvement; coverage of genome-editing techniques.Table of Contents1: Vignettes of the History of Genetics Section I: Quantitative Genetics: Plant Breeding, Bioinformatics, Genome Editing and G × E Interaction 2: Food and Health: The Role of Plant Breeding 3: The Importance of Plant Pan-genomes in Breeding 4: Genome Editing Technologies for Crop Improvement 5: Epigenome Editing in Crop Improvement 6: Bioinformatics and Plant Breeding 7: Bioinformatics Approaches for Pathway Reconstruction in Orphan Crops — A New Paradigm 8: Advances in QTL Mapping and Cloning 9: Genotype–Environment Interaction and Stability Analyses: An Update 10: Biplot Analysis of Multi-environment Trial Data 11: Design and Analysis of Multi-year Field Trials for Annual Crops 12: Advances in the Definition of Adaptation Strategies and Yield-stability Targets in Plant Breeding Section II: Intersection of Breeding, Genetics and Genomics: Crop Examples 13: Prediction with Big Data in the Genomic and High-throughput Phenotyping Era: A Case Study with Wheat Data 14: Quantitative Genetics in Improving Root and Tuber Crops 15: Genomic Selection in Rice: Empirical Results and Implications for Breeding 16: Novel Breeding Approaches for Developing Climate-resilient Rice 17: Quantitative Genetics, Molecular Techniques and Agronomic Performance of Provitamin-A Maize in Sub-Saharan Africa 18: Developments in Genomics Relative to Abiotic Stress-tolerance Breeding in Maize During the Past Decade 19: Exploiting Alien Genetic Variation for Germplasm Enhancement in Brassica Oilseeds 20: Biofortified Pearl Millet Cultivars Offer Potential Solution to Tackle Malnutrition in India

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Book SynopsisMeeting future food needs without compromising environmental integrity is a central challenge for agriculture globally but especially for the Asia Pacific region - where 60% of the global population, including some of the world's poorest, live on only 30% of the land mass. To guarantee the food security of this and other regions, growers worldwide are rapidly adopting genetically modified (GM) crops as the forerunner to protect against many biotic and abiotic stresses. Asia Pacific countries play an important role in this, with India, China and Pakistan appearing in the top 10 countries with acreage of GM crops, primarily devoted to Bt cotton. Genetically Modified Crops in Asia Pacific discusses the progress of GM crop adoption across the Asia Pacific region over the past two decades, including research, development, adoption and sustainability, as well as the development and cultivation of insect protective Bt brinjal, drought-tolerant sugarcane, late blight resistant potato and biotech rice more specific to this region. Regulatory efforts of the Asia Pacific member nations to ensure the safety of GM crops to both humans and the environment are also outlined and discussed to provide impetus in other countries initiating biotech crops. The authors also probe into some aspects of gene editing and nanobiotechnology to expand the scope into next generation GM crops, including the potential to grow crops in acidic soil, reduce methane production, remove poisonous elements from plants and improve overall nutritional quality. Genetically Modified Crops in Asia Pacific provides a comprehensive reference not only for academics, researchers and private sectors in crop systems but also policy makers in the Asia Pacific region. Beyond this region, readers will benefit from understanding how GM crops have been integrated into many different countries and, in particular, the effects of the take-up of GM cropping systems by farmers with different socioeconomic backgroundsTable of Contents1: Biotech/genetically modified crops in Asia Pacific: a way forward 2: Economic and environmental impact of genetically modified crops in Asia Pacific 3: Development and commercialisation of Bt cotton in India 4: Insect resistance management for Bt cotton in India 5: Twenty years of successful Bt cotton production in Australia 6: Advances in managing insect resistance to Bt cotton in China 7: Bt cotton in Pakistan 8: Transgenic maize and its potential commercialisation in China 9: Bringing Bt eggplant to resource- poor farmers in Bangladesh and the Philippines 10: Adoption and advances in genetically modified oilseed crops in Australia 11: Bioefficacy testing of Bt corn against Asian corn borer in the Philippines 12: Insect resistance management of Bt corn in the Philippines 13: Socioeconomic and environmental impacts of GM corn in the ASEAN: the case of the Philippines 14: Biosafety management for genetically modified crops in Vietnam: from policy to practice 15: Biotechnology and its regulatory system in Japan 16: Development of yellow stem borer resistant rice varieties in Indonesia 17: Experience in developing genetically engineered potato resistant to late blight disease 18: Genetic modifications for disease resistance in crops 19: Nanobiotechnology for plant genome engineering and crop protection

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Book SynopsisDespite their many common features (mechanical behavior, multi-scale structure, evolutionary and living characteristics, etc.), the tissues that make up the human body each have specific characteristics linked to their function, which require the development of dedicated experimental, theoretical and numerical methods. Mechanics of Living Tissues brings together the work of a number of experts to provide an overview of the most recent approaches developed to study the biomechanical behavior of these soft tissues, in order to understand their structure and apparent behavior. Specific tissues are analyzed across the chapters with the aim of developing solutions that address the clinical problems encountered. Conclusions are then drawn regarding future methods that will improve the current state of knowledge of the behavior of these living tissues, in particular with a view to predicting the effect of a pathology or medical procedure on their apparent properties.

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Book SynopsisFermentation is one of the oldest and most widely used methods for enhancing the nutritional value of food. From an early point in the development of agriculture and animal husbandry, microbial fermentation has been used to preserve grains, dairy, fish and meat products from bacterial contamination, to extend their shelf life and to enrich their flavour.While the creation of traditional functional foods such as yogurt, cheese, sauerkraut, pickles and fermented grain dishes and beverages (including beer) have a long history, more modern scientific research has analysed the microbial species responsible for these processes and established the value of probiotic bacteria due to the production of health-promoting metabolites.This book discusses the history of the origin and evolution of fermented foods, giving an overview of the microorganisms involved in food fermentation and their physiological and metabolic properties. Different chapters devoted to the major fermented foods produced around the world with coverage including microbiological and technological features for the manufacture of these foods, such as cereal-based foods and beverages, legume-based foods, fish fermentation, fermented vegetables, fermented milk and dairy products, kombucha fermentation and more.Additional chapters cover the safety aspects of fermented foods, the health benefits of fermented food consumption related to healthy gut microbiota, microbiota-gut-brain axis, mental health and the management of metabolic disorders. The use of innovative packaging technology for fermented foods and beverages is also covered.Aimed at those dedicated to studying fermented food technology and those with a more general interest in the area, this book is a must have for anyone wanting to increase their knowledge of fermented foods and the benefits of their consumption.

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Book SynopsisMicroalgae are a diverse set of eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms with great potential for being used to produce various high-value molecules. Using synthetic biology to manipulate and control the metabolic processes of microalgae, scientists hope to find economical and sustainable alternatives for commercial production of high value biochemicals and other metabolites for diverse applications. Highlighting the immense potential of microalgae as a renewable and sustainable source of commercially important, high-value biomolecules, this book covers the recent advances in the resources, tools, and techniques used for genetic engineering of microalgae. Also discussed are the legislative challenges associated with genetically engineered microalgae, their derived products and their uses, as well as socio-economic and environmental acceptance. Written to be accessible to a wide audience, this book will be a useful reference to students and researchers from both academia and industry, as well as policy makers, for understanding the current status, trends and future possibilities of using microalgae for biotechnological applications.Table of ContentsMicroalgae as a Renewable and Sustainable Source of High Value Metabolites;Recent Advances and Challenges in Establishing Commercial Scale Multi-product Microalgal Biorefineries;Understanding Metabolic Pathways and Their Network to Augment Microalgal Strain Performance for Industrially Important Metabolite Production;Advances in the Resources to Augment Microalgal Genetic Engineering: Omics-based Resources, Mutant Libraries, and High-throughput Screening Techniques;Recent Advances in Microalgal Genome Editing with Special Emphasis on CRISPR Mediated Modification Systems;Microalgae as a Sustainable Synthetic-biology Platform for the Production of Recombinant Proteins: Advantages, Bottlenecks and Case Studies;Genetic Engineering of Microalgae for Enhanced Photosynthetic Efficiency, CO2 Fixation, and Fuel-based Products;Genetic Engineering of Microalgae for Non-fuel, High-value Biochemicals of Industrial Significance;Use of Genetically Modified Algae: Consumption Safety Challenges, Current Legislations, and Socio-economic and Environmental Concerns;Microalgal Product Basket: Portfolio Positioning Across Food, Feed, and Fuel Segments with Industrial Growth Projections

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Book SynopsisThe Economics of Biotechnology is a highly accessible book dealing with some of the most crucial issues to arise in this area. Special attention is paid to consumer, ethical and environmental concerns as well as questions relating to trade policy, intellectual property, who will receive the benefits, international development and the role of international institutions such as the WTO.The authors examine concerns arising from the application of biotechnology in the agri-food industrial complex, and many of the issues discussed also have implications for the medical and pharmaceutical aspects of biotechnology.Fundamental questions regarding the application of standard economic analysis to biotechnology are resolved using traditional neo-classical analyses as well as less mainstream methods. Through exploring a number of approaches, original and unexpected conclusions are reached.This coherent and relevant treatment of the myriad facets of biotechnology will be welcomed by academics, scholars, and economists with a specific interest in international economics or technology, international policymakers, and economic commentators.Trade Review'The authors are to be commended for a timely book on the economics of agricultural biotechnology. . . Gaisford et al have provided a good starting point of particular relevance to economists who are seeking an initial conceptual perspective from which to comprehend the subject.' -- W. Lesser, Cornell University, US'The book does an excellent job at addressing all three levels from an efficiency and equity point of view . . . Readers with a background in biotechnology but less knowledge in economics will find it very useful, as well as economists who are interested in the key economic issues of biotechnology . . . I agree with the publisher that the addressed audience will welcome and like the book, and I can highly recommend it.' -- Justus Wesseler, European Review of Agricultural Economics'The book is an absorbing one . . . will give insight on business of biotechnology and related issues, such as ethical issues, IPR etc and to economist and market researchers with specified interest in biotechnology. This could be also useful for international policymakers/planners and economic commentators.' -- Ashok Pandey, Journal of Scientific and Industrial ResearchTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Biotechnology 2. Intellectual Property 3. The Environment 4. Consumer Issues 5. Ethical Concerns 6. Who Gets the Biotechnology Rents? 7. International Issues 8. Economics and the Future of Biotechnology References Index

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Book SynopsisThe biotechnology industry across the globe is growing dramatically in line with rapidly emerging scientific and technological developments. This book explores both the theoretical and practical aspects of entrepreneurship in the biotechnology industry, focusing on the innovation processes underpinning success for new biotechnology firms (NBFs). It argues that biotechnology is at a crossroads: to date the science has been solid, yet commercial success remains elusive, and that it will be the commercial success of NBFs which will dictate the long term viability of this crucial industry.The authors go on to examine the roles played by both entrepreneurship and innovation in the competitiveness of biotechnology companies through a focus on: intellectual property strategies, product development, valuing biotechnology ventures, funding innovation and R&D, alliances and networking, changing industry structures evidenced through the shifting value chain and the impact of globalization on the changing industry and organizational life cycles. International case studies with a focus on human biosciences support the important theoretical developments at the heart of this book.Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Biotechnology offers original and valuable insights to researchers, academics and students as well as to practitioners involved with innovation and entrepreneurship in the field of biotechnology.Trade Review'This book is aimed at providing a large audience, including practitioners, politicians and decision-makers, with useful insights in relation to innovation and entrepreneurship in the biotechnology industry. It offers an international perspective and a set of theoretical lenses to underline the roles and the effects of entrepreneurship and scientific innovation as key factors to support new firm emergence and to achieve and maintain competitiveness in this so important industry.' -- Alain Fayolle, EM Lyon, CERAG Laboratory, France and Solvay Business School, BelgiumTable of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction: Innovation and Entrepreneurship 2. Entrepreneurship in the Biotechnology Context 3. Innovation and R&D Management 4. Funding Innovation in Biotechnology Companies 5. Intellectual Assets I – Intellectual Capital in Biotechnology Firms 6. Intellectual Assets II – Intellectual Gravity and Managing IP in Biotechnology Firms 7. The Cycle Game I – Product Life Cycle, R&D Cycle and Organizational Life Cycle 8. The Cycle Game II – Business, Market and Industry Cycles 9. Public Policy, Regulatory and Ethical Challenges Facing the Entrepreneurial Biotechnology Firm 10. The Biotechnology Value Chain 11. Biotechnology Industry and Firm Structures 12. Product Development and Innovation Diffusion 13. Biotechnology Industry Growth Models: An International Perspective Index

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Book SynopsisBiotechnology has prompted a revolution in science and society in the truest sense of the word. For what superficially appears to be a revolution in biotechnology, in effect touches upon the fundamentals of life and the way in which humans relate to it. This book will make a significant contribution to the debate surrounding the effective regulation of biotechnology. The contributing authors assess how regulatory regimes can accommodate the many different and often conflicting issues to which biotechnology is giving rise to (including a very tainted public image). The book's ultimate aim is to explore ways of designing a regulatory regime that takes heed of these different demands whilst, at the same time, answering to the imperatives of effectiveness and efficiency.The book synthesizes three fields of legal analysis; the first focuses on the risk-dominated regulation of GM food and bio-agriculture; the second involves human genetics as a field dominated by considerations of ethics. Finally, patent law has been chosen as an area captured by notions of property.With its holistic approach, The Regulatory Challenge of Biotechnology will be of great interest to academics, policymakers and regulators as well as biotechnology and law students.Trade Review'. . . a compilation of 12 invaluable contributions on this issue by internationally known experts in their respective fields. . . a valuable resource for academic professionals, policy makers and legislators, advocacy groups and scholars in legal and development studies. It is a storehouse of learning and practical knowledge for anyone interested in environmental policy, biosafety issues, biotechnology processes and associated regulatory constraints.' -- Marcelin Tonye Mahop, Review of European Community and International Environmental Law'For bioethicists, legal scholars and regulators struggling with what controls to place on biotechnology, this is required reading.' -- John Avellanet, Journal of Commercial BiotechnologyTable of ContentsContents: Foreword PART I: GENERAL PERSPECTIVES ON BIOTECHNOLOGY REGULATION 1. Regulating Biotechnology: Lessons from Environmental Policy Neil Gunningham 2. Rethinking Regulatory Governance for the Age of Biotechnology Colin Scott PART II: REGULATING HUMAN GENETICS 3. Red Lights and Rogues: Regulating Human Genetics Roger Brownsword 4. An Abstract Approach to the Regulation of Human Genetics: Law, Morality and Social Policy Justine Burley PART III: GMOs AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY: REGULATING RISK 5. Constructing Risks: GMOs, Biosafety and Environmental Decision-Making Paul Street 6. Legal Framework and Political Strategy in Dealing with the Risks of New Technology: The Two Faces of the Precautionary Principle Wolfgang van den Daele 7. Regulating GM Food. Three Levels, Three Issues Bernd van der Meulen 8. Restrictions on the Cultivation of Genetically Modified Organisms: Issues of EC Law Sara Poli 9. A Tale of Two Commons: Plant Genetic Resources and Agricultural Trade Reform Mary E. Footer PART IV: REGULATING BIOTECHNOLOGY THROUGH THE PATENT SYSTEM 10. Should we Regulate Biotechnology through the Patent System? The Case of Terminator Technology Graham Dutfield 11. Patents, Patients and Consent: Exploring the Interface between Regulation and Innovation Regimes Graeme Laurie 12. Reshaping Bio-patents: Measures to Restore Trust in the Patent System Geertrui Van Overwalle Index

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Book SynopsisIt has been recognized that an important factor in improving the viability of rural livelihoods in developing countries is the promotion of sustainable agriculture. As opposed to relying solely on cash crops, this can be more easily achieved through the domestication of various indigenous fruit trees that can be cultivated and owned by smallholder farmers. Through multi-functional and integrated farming systems, these tree crops can support environmental and social sustainability by providing food as well as promoting economic growth. Twenty years ago, little was known about the biology, ecology or the social impact of indigenous fruit trees on rural populations. Since then, new concepts and approaches have been developed, case studies have been produced and the potential and feasibility of their domestication and commercialization has been explored. This focused study on the tropics brings together a comprehensive review of this research.Table of ContentsPART 1: SETTING THE SCENE 1: Setting priorities among indigenous fruit tree species in Africa: Examples from southern, eastern and western Africa regions 2: Towards domestication strategy for indigenous fruit trees in the tropics 3: Challenges to stimulating the adoption and impact of indigenous fruit trees in tropical agriculture PART II: INDIGENOUS FRUIT TREE DOMESTICATION IN ASIA, LATIN AMERICA and OCEANIA 4: Domestication of trees or of forests: development pathways for fruit tree production in southeast Asia 5: Homegarden-based indigenous fruit tree production in peninsular India 6: Native fruit tree improvement in Amazonia: an overview 7: The domestication of fruits and nut trees species in Vanuatu, Oceania PART III: REGIONAL DOMESTICATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA 8: Creating opportunities for domesticating and commercializing miombo indigenous fruit trees in Southern Africa 9: Domestication, utilisation and marketing of indigenous fruit trees: Experiences from West and Central Africa 10: Strengthening rural livelihoods through domestication of indigenous fruit trees in the parklands of the Sahel 11: The role of indigenous fruit trees in sustainable dryland agriculture in Eastern Africa PART IV: THE BIOPHYSICAL AND SOCIOECONOMIC CONTEXT OF MIOMBO FRUIT TREES 12: Marketing of indigenous fruits in southern Africa 13: Economics of on-farm production of indigenous fruits 14: Opportunities for commercialization and enterprise development of indigenous fruits in southern Africa 15: The feasibility of small-scale indigenous fruit processing enterprises in Southern Africa 16: Product development: nutritional value, processing and utilization of indigenous fruits from the miombo ecosystem 17: Germplasm, propagation and nursery management of miombo fruit trees 18: Pest management in high commercial value indigenous fruit trees PART V: LESSONS FOR COMODITIZING INDIGENOUS FRUIT TREES AND NUTS IN THE TROPICS 19: Accelerated domestication and commercialization of indigenous fruit and nut trees to enhance better livelihoods in the tropics: Lessons and way forward

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Book SynopsisThe biotechnology industry across the globe is growing dramatically in line with rapidly emerging scientific and technological developments. This book explores both the theoretical and practical aspects of entrepreneurship in the biotechnology industry, focusing on the innovation processes underpinning success for new biotechnology firms (NBFs). It argues that biotechnology is at a crossroads: to date the science has been solid, yet commercial success remains elusive, and that it will be the commercial success of NBFs which will dictate the long term viability of this crucial industry.The authors go on to examine the roles played by both entrepreneurship and innovation in the competitiveness of biotechnology companies through a focus on: intellectual property strategies, product development, valuing biotechnology ventures, funding innovation and R&D, alliances and networking, changing industry structures evidenced through the shifting value chain and the impact of globalization on the changing industry and organizational life cycles. International case studies with a focus on human biosciences support the important theoretical developments at the heart of this book.Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Biotechnology offers original and valuable insights to researchers, academics and students as well as to practitioners involved with innovation and entrepreneurship in the field of biotechnology.Trade Review'This book is aimed at providing a large audience, including practitioners, politicians and decision-makers, with useful insights in relation to innovation and entrepreneurship in the biotechnology industry. It offers an international perspective and a set of theoretical lenses to underline the roles and the effects of entrepreneurship and scientific innovation as key factors to support new firm emergence and to achieve and maintain competitiveness in this so important industry.' -- Alain Fayolle, EM Lyon, CERAG Laboratory, France and Solvay Business School, BelgiumTable of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction: Innovation and Entrepreneurship 2. Entrepreneurship in the Biotechnology Context 3. Innovation and R&D Management 4. Funding Innovation in Biotechnology Companies 5. Intellectual Assets I – Intellectual Capital in Biotechnology Firms 6. Intellectual Assets II – Intellectual Gravity and Managing IP in Biotechnology Firms 7. The Cycle Game I – Product Life Cycle, R&D Cycle and Organizational Life Cycle 8. The Cycle Game II – Business, Market and Industry Cycles 9. Public Policy, Regulatory and Ethical Challenges Facing the Entrepreneurial Biotechnology Firm 10. The Biotechnology Value Chain 11. Biotechnology Industry and Firm Structures 12. Product Development and Innovation Diffusion 13. Biotechnology Industry Growth Models: An International Perspective Index

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Book SynopsisNew technologies will have an increasing effect on prospects for development and growth in the world economy. Technology and Innovation in the International Economy contains extensive and detailed assessments of two key areas of technological innovation which present both a threat and an opportunity for developing countries: microelectronics and biotechnology.The two major review essays - Jeffrey James on microelectronic technology and Martin Fransman on biotechnology - assess the impact of these new technologies on production, trade, employment and welfare in developing countries. The introduction by Charles Cooper deals with recent advances in the economics of innovation and diffusion of new technologies, and attempts to build a bridge between the study of technology in the industrial sectors of developed countries and the type of technology policy needed in the developing countries.Policymakers, researchers and students will welcome the clarity and breadth of this important volume which contains much original analysis and detailed information on a major issue confronting developing and developed nations alike.Trade Review’This book provides a valuable discussion of the existing literature on technology and innovation, both theoretical and empirical, drawing lines for its relevance to the Third World and about future research agenda in these areas.’Table of ContentsForeward - Charles Cooper. 1. Relevance of innovation studies to developing countries - Charles Cooper. 1. I Introduction. 1.2 Innovation and technological change. 1.3 Implications for developing countries. 1.4 Concluding remarks. Acknowledgements. Notes. References. 2. Biotechnology: Generation, diffusion, and policy - Martin Fransman. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 The generation of biotechnology: invention and innovation. 2.3 Economic effects of biotechnology 2.4 Implications for the third world. 2.5 Recent additions to the literature. 2.6 Towards a general research agenda. Acknowledgements. Notes. References. Annotated bibliography. For further reading. 3. Microelectronics and the Third World - Jeffrey James. 3. 1 Introduction. 3.2 Patterns of adoption and diffusion in the Third World 3.3 Impacts of microelectronics. 3.4 Policy implications and future research directions. Acknowledgements. Notes. References. For further reading.

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Book SynopsisThe development of modern biotechnology has varied considerably from country to country. Typically, there are wide technology gaps between developing and industrialised countries and considerable differences in investment and regulatory systems, often creating a need for policy intervention. This innovative book examines the development and evolution of biotechnology in industrialised and developing countries. The author first explores efforts made by policymakers and the leaders in the field to reduce technology gaps, and analyses the development of financial mechanisms and regulatory frameworks to hasten the adoption and diffusion of biotechnology. The second section looks at the relationship between biotechnology and its resource base, biological diversity. The author emphasizes the interdependency between biodiversity and biological R&D in an attempt to simplify the debate on the conservation of biological diversity. The last section focuses on the potential positive and negative impacts of biotechnology and its contribution towards sustaining biodiversity.The Emergence and Growth of Biotechnology will be of great interest to undergraduate and postgraduate economics students interested in the economics of technology, economic development and biotechnology and environmental conservation.Trade Review'Acharya employs specific descriptions and concise writing to explain fully the commercial and environmental concerns that are relevant to the global expansion of biotechnology. The Emergence and Growth of Biotechnology offers a brilliant survey of the field. . . This book is ideal for the reader who seeks a strong basic knowledge of the biotechnology market.' -- Journal of International Law and Politics'. . . this book would greatly benefit the students of economics, scientists, and policymakers alike.'– Parvinder Chawla, Journal of Scientific and Industrial ResearchTable of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction Part I: Biotechnology and its Development 2. The Development of Biotechnology 3. From Human Insulin to Oncomice: Patterns of Innovation in Industrialised Countries 4. Biotechnology in Developing Countries 5. The Impact of Biotechnology on International Trade Part II: Biotechnology and Biodiversity 6. Biotechnology and Biodiversity: The Links 7. The Conservation and Sustainable Utilisation of Biodiversity: The Role of Biotechnology and Bioprospecting 8. Concluding Remarks References Index

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Book SynopsisWhen a patient is brought into a trauma centre in extremis, or becomes that way during a hospital stay, the intervention mantra is airway, breathing and circulation - the ABC's. This book provides the nonspecialist physician, and those in the participating and supporting professions, with a quick overview of the meaning of the testing terms in this environment. Many tests, added singly or in small groups over time as clinical and measurement technology evolved, but whose rationale may have become less clear, are defined and explained.The format here is simple - a brief overview of the physiologic environment and then the encyclopedic dictionary of the terminology. Included are common terms as well as some of the confusing uses of terms, besides lesser known facts influencing their clinical use on the basis of the analytical, medical, and managerial experience of the authors.

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Book SynopsisThis four volume set covers the entire spectrum of pulp and paper chemistry and technology from starting material to processes and products including market demands. This work is essential for all students of wood science and a useful reference for those working in the pulp and paper industry or on the chemistry of renewable resources. Volume 1 provides a survey of the biological and chemical structure of wood as well as an introduction to the chemical reactions used during pulp production processes. The work presents the different raw materials used for pulp production, the macroscopic and morphological construction of wood and related characterization methods, the chemical structure and arrangement of the wood polymers and extractives, biosynthesis of wood polymers, carbohydrate and lignin analysis, reactions of wood polymers in mechanical and chemical pulping and bleaching processes, biotechnical processes of relevance for the pulp and paper industry, different types of microorganisms and their modes of interaction with wood, the impact of chemical and microbiological processes on the hierarchical structure of wood and pulp.

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Book SynopsisWith the high interest in renewable resources, the field of algal biotechnology has undergone a huge leap in importance in recent years. The book treats the biological fundamentals of microalgal biotechnology in physiology and molecular biology and provides an overview of applications and products. It furthermore includes a survey of the state-of-the-art in process engineering of algae cultivation starting with mass production in open ponds and leading you to advanced technologies in closed photobioreactors. Thus crucial enabling technologies reaching from genetic manipulation to bioprocess engineering are reviewed. Contributions from academia and industrial case studies make this book a comprehensive survey of current progress in microalgae biotechnology. So this book will be of interest to active people in biology, biotechnology, and engineering in the area of sustainable production of high value products or mass production of food and fuel for the future.Table of ContentsIntroduction Historical view (marine biotechnology, micro and macro algae and cyanobacteria, marine habitats); Potentials and constraints Biology of micro algae Taxonomy; Photosynthesis; Autotrophic/mixotrophic/heterotrophic growth; Symbiosis; Extremophiles; Genetic Engineering; Special pathways and metabolisms (differences between plants, terrestrial and marine microorganisms) Applications and products Technically relevant strains; Micro algae; Macro algae; Feed and aquaculture; Nutrition; Cosmetics; Pharmaceutical products; Energy; Environment (aspects of CO2, waste water treatment and biosorption); Overview on the state-of-the-art of running industrial processes including economic aspects Engineering and technical aspects Light supply; Different technologies of photobioreactors; Open systems; Closed systems; Sterility; Downstream processing

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Book SynopsisBiorefineries compiles the basic science and technologies used to convert terrestrial and aquatic biomass into essential molecular compounds and polymeric materials. The book provides in depth insights into this fairly recent concept of industrial chemistry that aims to achieve optimal economic profits while minimizing the environmental impact. Chapters written by renowned experts cover, amongst others, the application of catalysis, downstream processing, biomass sourced olefins, lignin biorefinery techniques and biogas. The authors thoroughly examine and explain the value chain for biomass conversion into platform molecules and their transformation into final products. A comprehensive thematic overview on the topic giving beginners access to fundamental concepts is presented. Supplemented by numerous full color figures and tables, the contents impart knowledge about the involved techniques. Advanced students and experts in the field will find the summary of state-of-the-art research and current literature of valuable interest. Explores the enormous potential of biomass conversion as a future source for fuels and chemicals Focuses on both general scientific background and current innovations in the field of biorefinery Targets students and researchers in Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology, and Materials Science About the Editors Prof. Michele Aresta, Chair of the Scientific Committee of CIRCC in Italy and holds the IMM Chair at the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at NUS, Singapore. He is author of over 200 papers and Author or Editor of nine books. Prof. Angela Dibenedetto, Associate Professor at the Department of Chemistry of the University of Bari (Italy) focused on carbon dioxide utilization by applying biorefinery concepts; and Director of the Interuniversity Consortium on Chemical Reactivity and Catalysis-CIRCC. Prof. Franck Dumeignil, Deputy Director of the CNRS joint Unit of Catalysis and Chemistry of Solid (UCCS) of Lille University (France); project coordinator of several projects on chemistry, including the EuroBioRef Project for designing next generation biorefineries.

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Book SynopsisMicrobial applications encompass areas including biotechnology, chemical engineering, and alternative fuel development. Research on their technological developments cover many aspects of work using microbes as cell factories. The fields of biotechnology, chemical engineering, pharmaceuticals, diagnostics and medical device development also employ these microbial products. There is an urgent need to integrate all these disciplines that caters to the need of all those who are interested to work in the area of microbial technologies. This book is a step forward to integrate the aforesaid frontline branches into an interdisciplinary research work quenching the academic as well as research thirst of all those concerned about microbes in the respective area of biotechnology, chemical engineering, and pharmaceuticals. All the chapters in this book are related to important research on microbial applications, written by international specialists for researchers and academics in the concerned disciplines. This publication aims to provide a detailed compendium of experimental work and information used to investigate different aspects of microbial technologies, their products as well as interdisciplinary interactions including biochemistry of metabolites, in a manner that reflects the recent developments of relevance to researchers/scientists investigating microbes.

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Book SynopsisThis four volume set covers the entire spectrum of pulp and paper chemistry and technology from starting material to processes and products including market demands. This work is essential for all students of wood science and a useful reference for those working in the pulp and paper industry or on the chemistry of renewable resources. Volume 1 provides a survey of the biological and chemical structure of wood as well as an introduction to the chemical reactions used during pulp production processes. The work presents the different raw materials used for pulp production, the macroscopic and morphological construction of wood and related characterization methods, the chemical structure and arrangement of the wood polymers and extractives, biosynthesis of wood polymers, carbohydrate and lignin analysis, reactions of wood polymers in mechanical and chemical pulping and bleaching processes, biotechnical processes of relevance for the pulp and paper industry, different types of microorganisms and their modes of interaction with wood, the impact of chemical and microbiological processes on the hierarchical structure of wood and pulp.

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Book SynopsisMembrane techniques are an excellent alternative to traditional methods of purification and separation. This book covers issues related to the most recent developments in the field of membrane techniques. The latest scientific research and their potential applications in industrial solutions are described. In addition, currents trends in food & beverages technologies, and biomedicine are discussed. Moreover, the book emphasizes recent advancements in design of membrane systems, used either for separation or creation of mixtures, from the perspective of industry 4.0 and data management.

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Book SynopsisBioenhancers have been used in Ayurveda historically and are now being investigated for their pharmacological effi cacy. Herbal bioenhancers work on the gastrointestinal tract to improve absorption and drug bioavailability by acting on the drug metabolic process. Many herbal drugs show low activity due to their poor lipid solubility or improper molecular size. Piperine, gingerol, naringin, quercetin, niaziridin, glycyrrhizin, allicin, curcumin, genistein and others are able to enhance the bioavailability of active pharmaceuticals. This book details various facets of herbal bio-enhancers in a single comprehensive text.

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Book SynopsisApplications of microbial nanotechnology are currently emerging with new areas being explored. Biosynthesis of nanomaterials by microorganisms is a recently attracting interest as a new, exciting approach towards the development of ‘greener’ nanomanufacturing compared to traditional chemical and physical approaches. This book will cover recent advances of microbial nanotechnology in agriculture, industry, and health sectors.

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Book SynopsisThe updated edition of the first of three volumes on Medical Physics focuses even more on body systems related to physical principles such as body mechanics, energy balance, and action potentials. Thanks to numerous newly incorporated didactic features, the introductory text into the broad fi eld of medical physics is easy to understand and supports self-study. New: highlighted boxes emphasize special topics; math boxes explain more advanced mathematical issues; each chapter concludes with a summary of the key concepts, questions, a self-assessment of the acquired competence, and exercises. The appendix contains answers to questions and solutions to exercises.

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Book SynopsisProcess integration and intensification are means to improve the sustainability metrics of the industrial processes, balancing the pillars of economy, environment, and social demand. The book covers a sequential framework for the design and operation of microalgae-based facilities using process integration and intensifi cation, discusses products and applications,and provides a global perspective with contributions from renowned experts. Covers relevant opportunities of process integration and intensification applied tomicroalgae-based systems. Provides a complete review of the state of the art of these industrial approaches. Presents new insights into industrial sustainability.

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Book SynopsisPastor Fritz Jahr used the term bioethics as early as 1927. It was not until the early 1970s that the term was rediscovered in the United States. Since then, the relevance of this emergent academic field of studies has permanently been growing, as the age of biotechnological and medical innovations has only just begun. Enormous progress can be expected in various areas relevant to bioethical discourses in the coming decades and centuries. In the past years, the invention of CRISPR/Cas9 has radically changed the possibilities concerning genetic modifications, even germline modifications have turned into a practical option. These developments need to be investigated by academics from various disciplines, which is the reason why the conference series on Bioethics in the New Age of Science was initialized. The present volume consists in selected papers from the first International Conference on Bioethics in the New Age of Science, which took place on the 4th and 5th of May 2017 at the "Vasile Goldis" West University of Arad, Romania.Table of Contents Introduction By Maria Sinaci and Stefan Lorenz Sorgner PART I. GENERAL ETHICAL CHALLENGES OF EMERGING (BIO)TECHNOLOGIES CHAPTER 1. Genes, CRISPR/Cas 9, and Posthumans, by Stefan Lorenz Sorgner CHAPTER 2. Can Ethics Govern Technology? Bioethics in the Age of Techno-Science, by Corrado Viafora CHAPTER 3. The Moral Relationship of the Human and the Non-Human Animals in Light of Ethology, by Alexander Krémer PART II. ETHICS OF ENHANCEMENT TECHNOLOGIES CHAPTER 4. Neuroethics and Moral Enhancement: The Path to a Moral World?, by Maria Sinaci CHAPTER 5. Public Deliberation and Biomedical Enhancements, by Ivan Mladenovi? PART III. SPECIFIC MEDICAL ETHICAL ISSUES CHAPTER 6. On the Ethical Issues of Bilateral and Contralateral Risk-Reducing Mastectomy, by Gergely Tari, Gábor Braunitzer CHAPTER 7. Haematological Patients' Perception of Their Quality of Life, by Alciona Sasu, Mircea Onel, Cristina Ghib-Para, Ligia Piro?, Alin Grelu?, Coralia Cotoraci PART IV. END OF LIFE ETHICAL ISSUES CHAPTER 8. Is Death the Enemy? The Normative Power of Metaphor in Bioethics, by Assya Pascalev CHAPTER 9. Philosophical-Ethical Alleviation of Perceptive Experience of Corporeality in Terminally Ill Sufferers, by Florin Lobon?, Ionu? Mladin PART V. BIOETHICS AND REGIONAL EDUCATION CHAPTER 10. Bioethics Education in Western Romania, by Antoanela Naaji CHAPTER 11. (Bio)ethical Education for Young People in Macedonia, by Dejan Donev PART VI. LEGAL, POLITICAL, AND SOCIAL BIOETHICAL ISSUES CHAPTER 12. Ethical Concerns Regarding Mandatory Influenza Vaccination in Healthcare Practitioners, by Miroslav Radenkovi?, Ivana Lazarevi?, Marko Stojanovi?, Tanja Jovanovi? CHAPTER 13. Legal and Ethical Rules of Performing Medical Professions in Poland, by Jakub Berezowski CHAPTER 14. A New Pro-Natalist Tool: Parenthood as a Form of Public Employment, by János I. Tóth CHAPTER 15. Cultural and Ethical Aspects of Social Desirability in Psychological Research, by Maria Ancuta Gurza

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Book SynopsisThe present publication provides a comprehensive examination of animal biotechnology and its various applications in veterinary medicine and pharmaceuticals, as well as in the improvement of animal feed production. Transgenic technologies have been utilized to enhance milk production and meat production in farm animals, as well as to establish models for human diseases. Transgenic animals are also employed for the production of proteins for medical use in humans. Biotechnology has been utilized to facilitate xenotransplantation from animals to humans. Genetic engineering has been performed on farm animals, and nuclear transfer technology has become an essential and favored method for cloning animals. Biotechnology has the potential to be utilized in the management of various animal diseases, including foot-and-mouth disease, classical swine fever, avian influenza, and bovine spongiform encephalopathy. The most significant biotechnology-based products comprise vaccines, particularly genetically engineered or DNA vaccines. Gene therapy for diseases in pet animals is a rapidly developing field, as many of the technologies employed in clinical trials with humans were first developed in animals, and many of the diseases in cats and dogs are similar to those in humans. RNA interference technology is now being used in research related to veterinary medicine. Molecular diagnosis is playing an increasingly significant role in veterinary practice. Polymerase chain reaction and its modifications are considered to be essential. Fluorescent in situ hybridization and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays are also widely used. Newer biochip-based technologies and biosensors are also finding their way into veterinary diagnostics. This book attempts to unravel the mysteries of biotechnology as it pertains to animal health and production.

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Book SynopsisThis book offers undergraduate and postgraduate students fundamental protocols in an accessible and simplified manner. The book encompasses experiments from every area of biotechnology and serves as an essential resource for researchers in this field. The manual emphasizes the inclusion of essential and basic protocols, offering readers valuable, first-hand information about biotechnology research.

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Book SynopsisThis book is entirely devoted to the subject of DNA and aims to reveal its secrets in an accessible and straightforward manner. It is an invaluable resource for those in the field of bioscience, comprising a total of twelve chapters, along with figures, photographs, and a comprehensive glossary of DNA-related terms.

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisAlthough microbes are small in size, they possess intricate structures at the molecular level. The book Molecular Biology and Biotechnology provides an extensive range of laboratory protocols and practical techniques that are essential for both research and teaching purposes. This text is divided into 370 pages, comprising of 36 chapters, followed by a detailed glossary. It serves as a valuable resource for microbiology researchers, teachers, and students alike.

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Book SynopsisThe book entitled Rejuvenation in Fruit Trees (Tropical and Subtropical) is an up-to-date and informative publication that covers all vital aspects of rejuvenation technology in perennial fruit trees. This comprehensive resource provides readers with the knowledge and skills necessary to adopt this technology in high-value fruit crops of woody perennial nature within the tropical and subtropical groups. The book discusses the concept of rejuvenation, including its present trend and constraints, as well as its need, adoption level, and successful implementation through proper cultural practices and management strategies. The objective of the book is to increase production, productivity, and profitability of fruit crops on a sustainable basis. Additionally, the book includes information on the requisite needs and requirements, as well as a critical perspective that fosters a better understanding of the R&D issues involved. This book will be of immense utility to students of Agriculture/Horticulture at B.Sc., M.Sc., and Ph.D. levels, academic experts, researchers, scientists, administrators, policy-makers, farmers, exporters, entrepreneurs, and other stakeholders in the fruit production enterprise.

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Book SynopsisRadio Tracer Techniques for Agriculturists and Biologists is a book that explores the fundamental principles and concepts of radio tracer techniques. It also covers the application of these techniques in agriculture and biological sciences, as well as the necessary instrumentation and laboratory setup. Additionally, the book emphasizes the importance of safety measures when working with radioactive substances. This book serves as a comprehensive resource for anyone interested in radio tracers.

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