Biophysics Books

Book SynopsisApplied Biophysics for Drug Discovery is a guide to new techniques and approaches to identifying and characterizing small molecules in early drug discovery.Table of ContentsList of Contributors xiii 1 Introduction 1Donald Huddler References 3 2 Thermodynamics in Drug Discovery 7Ronan O’Brien, Natalia Markova, and Geoffrey A. Holdgate 2.1 Introduction 7 2.2 Methods for Measuring Thermodynamics of Biomolecular Interactions 8 2.2.1 Direct Method: Isothermal Titration Calorimetry 8 2.2.2 Indirect Methods: van’t Hoff Analysis 8 2.2.2.1 Enthalpy Measurement Using van’t Hoff Analysis 8 2.3 Thermodynamic‐Driven Lead Optimization 9 2.3.1 The Thermodynamic Rules of Thumb 9 2.3.2 Enthalpy–Entropy Compensation 10 2.3.3 Enthalpy–Entropy Transduction 13 2.3.4 The Role of Water 14 2.4 Enthalpy as a Probe for Binding 15 2.4.1 Thermodynamics in Fragment‐Based Drug Design (FBDD) 15 2.4.2 Experimental Considerations and Limitations When Working with Fragments 16 2.4.3 Enthalpic Screening 17 2.5 Enthalpy as a Tool for Studying Complex Interactions 17 2.5.1 Identifying and Handling Complexity 17 2.6 Current and Future Prospects for Thermodynamics in Decision‐Making Processes 24 References 25 3 Tailoring Hit Identification and Qualification Methods for Targeting Protein–Protein Interactions 29Björn Walse, Andrew P. Turnbull, and Susan M. Boyd 3.1 Introduction 29 3.2 Structural Characteristics of PPI Interfaces 29 3.3 Screening Library Properties 31 3.3.1 Standard/Targeted Libraries/DOS 31 3.3.2 Fragment Libraries 33 3.3.3 Macrocyclic and Constrained Peptides 33 3.3.4 DNA‐Encoded Libraries 34 3.4 Hit‐Finding Strategies 34 3.4.1 Small‐Molecule Approaches 36 3.4.2 Peptide‐Based Approaches 38 3.4.3 In Silico Approaches 39 3.5 Druggability Assessment 39 3.5.1 Small Molecule: Ligand‐Based Approaches 41 3.5.2 Small Molecule: Protein Structure‐Based Approaches 41 3.6 Allosteric Inhibition of PPIs 42 3.7 Stabilization of PPIs 43 3.8 Case Studies 43 3.8.1 Primary Peptide Epitopes 43 3.8.1.1 Bromodomains 44 3.8.2 Secondary Structure Epitopes 46 3.8.2.1 Bcl‐2 46 3.8.2.2 p53/MDM2 47 3.8.3 Tertiary Structure Epitopes 47 3.8.3.1 CD80–CD28 48 3.8.3.2 IL‐17A 48 3.9 Summary 49 References 50 4 Hydrogen–Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry in Drug Discovery - Theory, Practice and Future 61Thorleif Lavold, Roman Zubarev, and Juan Astorga‐Wells 4.1 General Principles 61 4.2 Parameters Affecting Deuterium Incorporation 63 4.2.1 Primary Sequence 63 4.2.2 Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding 63 4.2.3 Solvent Accessibility 63 4.2.4 pH Value 63 4.3 Utilization of HDX MS 64 4.3.1 Binding Site and Structural Changes Characterization upon Ligand Binding 64 4.3.1.1 Protein Stability - Biosimilar Characterization 64 4.4 Practical Aspects of HDX MS 65 4.4.1 Labeling 66 4.4.1.1 Deuterium Oxide and Protein Concentration 66 4.4.1.2 Ligand/Protein Ratio 66 4.4.1.3 Incubation–Labeling Time 66 4.4.1.4 Careful Preparation of the Control Sample 66 4.4.2 Sample Analysis 66 4.4.3 Data Analysis 67 4.5 Advantages of HDX MS 67 4.6 Perspectives and Future Application of HDX MS 68 References 69 5 Microscale Thermophoresis in Drug Discovery 73Tanja Bartoschik, Melanie Maschberger, Alessandra Feoli, Timon André, Philipp Baaske, Stefan Duhr, and Dennis Breitsprecher 5.1 Microscale Thermophoresis 73 5.1.1 Theoretical Background 74 5.1.2 Added Values for Small‐Molecule Interaction Studies 76 5.1.2.1 Size‐Change Independent Binding Signals 76 5.1.2.2 Difficult Targets and Assay Conditions 78 5.1.2.3 Detection of Aggregation and Other Secondary Effects 80 5.1.2.4 Quantification of Thermodynamic Parameters by MST 80 5.2 MST‐Based Lead Discovery 82 5.2.1 Single‐Point Screening 82 5.2.2 Secondary Affinity‐Based Fragment Screening by MST 85 5.2.3 Hit Identification and Affinity Determination of Small‐Molecule Binders to p38 Alpha Kinase 87 References 87 6 SPR Screening: Applying the New Generation of SPR Hardware 93Kartik Narayan and Steven S. Carroll 6.1 Platforms for Screening 93 6.2 SensiQ Pioneer as a “OneStep” Solution for Hit Identification 95 6.3 Deprioritization of False Positives Arising from Compound Aggregation 99 6.4 Concluding Remarks 103 References 104 7 Weak Affinity Chromatography (WAC) 107Sten Ohlson and Minh‐Dao Duong‐Thi 7.1 Introduction 107 7.2 Theory of WAC 109 7.3 Virtual WAC 110 7.4 Equipment and Procedure 111 7.5 Validation of WAC 113 7.6 Applications 114 7.6.1 Inhibitors for Cholera Toxin 115 7.6.2 Drug/Hormone: Protein Binding 115 7.6.3 Analysis of Stereoisomers 119 7.6.4 Carbohydrate Analysis with Antibodies and Lectins 120 7.6.5 Fragment Screening 121 7.6.6 Membrane Proteins 122 7.7 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 124 Acknowledgments 125 References 125 8 1D NMR Methods for Hit Identification 131Mary J. Harner, Guille Metzler, Caroline A. Fanslau, Luciano Mueller, and William J. Metzler 8.1 Introduction 131 8.2 NMR Methods for Quality Control 131 8.2.1 Compound DMSO Stock Concentration Determination 132 8.2.2 Compound Solubility Measurements in Aqueous Buffer 134 8.2.3 Compound Structural Integrity 136 8.2.4 Protein Reagent Characterization 136 8.3 NMR Binding Assays 136 8.3.1 Saturation Transfer Difference Assay 138 8.3.2 T2 Relaxation Assay 140 8.3.3 WaterLOGSY Assay 141 8.3.4 19F Displacement Assay 142 8.4 Multiplexing 143 8.5 Specificity 144 8.6 Automation 146 8.7 Practical Considerations for NMR Binding Assays 146 8.7.1 Compound Libraries 146 8.7.2 Tube Selection and Filling 147 8.7.3 Buffers 148 8.7.4 Targets 149 8.7.5 Experiment Selection 150 8.8 Conclusions 151 References 151 9 Protein‐Based NMR Methods Applied to Drug Discovery 153Alessio Bortoluzzi and Alessio Ciulli 9.1 Introduction 153 9.2 Chemical Shift Perturbation 154 9.2.1 Using Chemical Shift Perturbation to Study a Binding Event Between a Protein and a Ligand 154 9.2.2 Tackling the High Molecular Weight Limit by Reducing Transverse Relaxation and by Selective Labeling Patterns 156 9.2.3 CSP as Tool for Screening Campaigns 157 9.2.4 Structure–Activity Relationship by NMR 160 9.3 Methods for Obtaining Structural Information on Protein–Ligand Complex 160 9.3.1 SOS‐NMR 161 9.3.2 NOE‐Matching 162 9.3.3 Paramagnetic NMR Spectroscopy 162 9.4 Recent and Innovative Examples of Protein‐Observed NMR Techniques Applied Drug Discovery 163 9.4.1 An NMR‐Based Conformational Assay to Aid the Drug Discovery Process 163 9.4.2 In‐Cell NMR Techniques Applied to Drug Discovery 165 9.4.3 Time‐Resolved NMR Spectroscopy as a Tool for Studying Inhibitors of Posttranslational Modification Enzymes 166 9.4.4 Protein‐Observed 19F NMR Spectroscopy 168 9.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 170 References 170 10 Applications of Ligand and Protein‐Observed NMR in Ligand Discovery 175Isabelle Krimm 10.1 Introduction 175 10.2 Ligand‐Observed NMR Experiments Based on the Overhauser Effect 176 10.2.1 Transferred NOE, ILOE, and INPHARMA Experiments 176 10.2.1.1 Principle of the Transferred 2D 1H‐1H NOESY Experiment 176 10.2.1.2 Fragment‐Based Screening Using 2D Tr‐NOESY Experiment 178 10.2.1.3 Elucidation of the Active Conformation of the Ligand Using 2D 1H‐1H NOESY Experiment 178 10.2.1.4 Design of Protein Inhibitors Using Interligand NOEs 178 10.2.1.5 Identification of the Ligand Binding Site and Binding Mode Using INPHARMA 178 10.2.1.6 Design of Protein Inhibitors Using INPHARMA with Protein–Peptide Complexes 179 10.2.1.7 Experimental Conditions of the 2D 1H‐1H NOESY Experiment 179 10.2.2 Saturation Transfer Difference Experiment 180 10.2.2.1 Principle of the STD Experiment 180 10.2.2.2 Detection of Interactions and Library Screening by STD 180 10.2.2.3 Epitope Mapping by STD 181 10.2.2.4 Affinity Measurement by STD 181 10.2.2.5 Quantitative STD Using CORCEMA 183 10.2.2.6 Experimental Conditions 183 10.2.3 WaterLOGSY Experiment 184 10.2.3.1 Principle of the WaterLOGSY Experiment 184 10.2.3.2 Screening and Affinity Measurement by WaterLOGSY 184 10.2.3.3 Epitope Mapping and Water Accessibility in Protein–Ligand Complexes by WaterLOGSY 184 10.2.3.4 Experimental Conditions 185 10.3 Protein‐Observed NMR Experiments: Chemical Shift Perturbations 185 10.3.1 Principle 185 10.3.2 Affinity Measurement Using CSPs 186 10.3.3 Localization of Binding Sites Using CSPs 186 10.3.3.1 Chemical Shift Mapping 186 10.3.3.2 J‐Surface Modeling 187 10.3.4 Comparison of CSPs from Analogous Ligands 187 10.3.5 Back‐Calculation of Ligand‐Induced CSPs for Ligand Docking 187 10.3.5.1 CSP‐Based Post‐Docking Filter 189 10.3.5.2 CSP‐Guided Docking 189 10.4 Conclusion 189 Acknowledgments 191 References 191 11 Using Biophysical Methods to Optimize Compound Residence Time 197Geoffrey A. Holdgate, Philip Rawlins, Michal Bista, and Christopher J. Stubbs 11.1 Introduction 197 11.2 Biophysical Methods for Measuring Ligand Binding Kinetics 197 11.3 Measuring Structure–Kinetic Relationships: Some Example Case Studies 200 11.4 Effects of Conformational Dynamics on Binding Kinetics 201 11.5 Kinetic Selectivity 204 11.6 Mechanism of Binding and Kinetics 207 11.7 Optimizing Residence Time 207 11.8 Role of BK in Improving Efficacy 209 11.9 Effect of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics 210 11.10 Summary 212 References 213 12 Applying Biophysical and Biochemical Methods to the Discovery of Allosteric Modulators of the AAA ATPase p97 217Stacie L. Bulfer and Michelle R. Arkin 12.1 p97 and Proteostasis Regulation 217 12.2 Structure and Dynamics of p97 218 12.3 Drug Discovery Efforts against p97 222 12.4 Uncompetitive Inhibitors of p97 Discovered by High‐Throughput Screening 223 12.4.1 Biochemical MOA Studies 223 12.4.2 Surface Plasmon Resonance 225 12.4.3 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 226 12.4.4 Cryo‐EM Defines the Binding Site for an Uncompetitive Inhibitor of p97 228 12.4.5 Effect of Inhibitors on p97 PPI and MSP1 Disease Mutations 231 12.5 Fragment‐ Based Ligand Screening 231 12.5.1 Targeting the ND1 Domains 232 12.5.2 Targeting the N‐Domain 233 12.6 Conclusions 234 References 234 13 Driving Drug Discovery with Biophysical Information: Application to Staphylococcus aureus Dihydrofolate Reductase (DHFR) 241Parag Sahasrabudhe, Veerabahu Shanmugasundaram, Mark Flanagan, Kris A. Borzilleri, Holly Heaslet, Anil Rane, Alex McColl, Tim Subashi, George Karam, Ron Sarver, Melissa Harris, Boris A.Chrunyk, Chakrapani Subramanyam, Thomas V. Magee, Kelly Fahnoe, Brian Lacey, Henry Putz, J. Richard Miller, Jaehyun Cho, Arthur Palmer III, and Jane M. Withka 13.1 Introduction 241 13.2 Results and Discussion 245 13.2.1 Protein Dynamics of SA WT and S1 Mutant DHFR in Apo and Bound States 245 13.2.2 Protein Backbone 15N, 13C, and 1H NMR Resonance Assignments 246 13.2.3 Protein Residues Show Severe Line Broadening due to Conformational Exchange 246 13.2.4 R2 Relaxation Dispersion NMR Experiments 248 13.2.5 Kinetic Profiling of DHFR Inhibitors 251 13.2.6 Characterization of SA WT and S1 Mutant DHFR–TMP Interactions in Solution 253 13.2.7 Prospective Biophysics Library Design 254 13.3 Conclusion 258 References 259 14 Assembly of Fragment Screening Libraries: Property and Diversity Analysis 263Bradley C. Doak, Craig J. Morton, Jamie S. Simpson, and Martin J. Scanlon 14.1 Introduction 263 14.2 Physicochemical Properties of Fragments 265 14.3 Molecular Diversity and Its Assessment 268 14.4 Experimental Evaluation of Fragments 274 14.5 Assembling Libraries for Screening 275 14.6 Concluding Remarks 279 References 280 Index 285

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Book SynopsisBioelectronics is a rich field of research involving the application of electronics engineering principles to biology, medicine, and the health sciences. With its interdisciplinary nature, bioelectronics spans state-of-the-art research at the interface between the life sciences, engineering and physical sciences.Table of ContentsAbout the Authors xiii Foreword xv Preface xvii Acknowledgements xix 1 Basic Chemical and Biochemical Concepts 1 1.1 Chapter Overview 1 1.2 Energy and Chemical Reactions 1 1.3 Water and Hydrogen Bonds 15 1.4 Acids, Bases and pH 18 1.5 Summary of Key Concepts 25 2 Cells and their Basic Building Blocks 29 2.1 Chapter Overview 29 2.2 Lipids and Biomembranes 29 2.3 Carbohydrates and Sugars 32 2.4 Amino Acids, Polypeptides and Proteins 34 2.5 Nucleotides, Nucleic Acids, DNA, RNA and Genes 43 2.6 Cells and Pathogenic Bioparticles 51 2.7 Summary of Key Concepts 70 3 Basic Biophysical Concepts and Methods 73 3.1 Chapter Overview 73 3.2 Electrostatic Interactions 74 3.3 Hydrophobic and Hydration Forces 90 3.4 Osmolarity, Tonicity and Osmotic Pressure 91 3.5 Transport of Ions and Molecules across Cell Membranes 94 3.6 Electrochemical Gradients and Ion Distributions Across Membranes 99 3.7 Osmotic Properties of Cells 103 3.8 Probing the Electrical Properties of Cells 105 3.9 Membrane Equilibrium Potentials 111 3.10 Nernst Potential and Nernst Equation 112 3.11 The Equilibrium (Resting) Membrane Potential 114 3.12 Membrane Action Potential 116 3.13 Channel Conductance 120 3.14 The Voltage Clamp 121 3.15 Patch-Clamp Recording 122 3.16 Electrokinetic Effects 124 4 Spectroscopic Techniques 147 4.1 Chapter Overview 147 4.2 Introduction 148 4.3 Classes of Spectroscopy 151 4.4 The Beer-Lambert Law 165 4.5 Impedance Spectroscopy 170 5 Electrochemical Principles and Electrode Reactions 177 5.1 Chapter Overview 177 5.2 Introduction 178 5.3 Electrochemical Cells and Electrode Reactions 180 5.4 Electrical Control of Electron Transfer Reactions 194 5.5 Reference Electrodes 203 5.6 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) 208 6 Biosensors 215 6.1 Chapter Overview 215 6.2 Introduction 215 6.3 Immobilisation of the Biosensing Agent 217 6.4 Biosensor Parameters 218 6.5 Amperometric Biosensors 228 6.6 Potentiometric Biosensors 233 6.7 Conductometric and Impedimetric Biosensors 237 6.8 Sensors Based on Antibody–Antigen Interaction 240 6.9 Photometric Biosensors 242 6.10 Biomimetic Sensors 245 6.11 Glucose Sensors 247 6.12 Biocompatibility of Implantable Sensors 252 7 Basic Sensor Instrumentation and Electrochemical Sensor Interfaces 259 7.1 Chapter Overview 259 7.2 Transducer Basics 260 7.3 Sensor Amplification 262 7.4 The Operational Amplifier 264 7.5 Limitations of Operational Amplifiers 269 7.6 Instrumentation for Electrochemical Sensors 271 7.7 Impedance Based Biosensors 278 7.8 FET Based Biosensors 284 8 Instrumentation for Other Sensor Technologies 297 8.1 Chapter Overview 297 8.2 Temperature Sensors and Instrumentation 298 8.3 Mechanical Sensor Interfaces 304 8.4 Optical Biosensor Technology 325 8.5 Transducer Technology for Neuroscience and Medicine 335 9 Microfluidics: Basic Physics and Concepts 343 9.1 Chapter Overview 343 9.2 Liquids and Gases 343 9.3 Fluids Treated as a Continuum 346 9.4 Basic Fluidics 354 9.5 Fluid Dynamics 356 9.6 Navier-Stokes Equations 365 9.7 Continuum versus Molecular Model 369 9.8 Diffusion 378 9.9 Surface Tension 383 10 Microfluidics: Dimensional Analysis and Scaling 391 10.1 Chapter Overview 391 10.2 Dimensional Analysis 391 10.3 Dimensionless Parameters 400 10.4 Applying Nondimensional Parameters to Practical Flow Problems 411 10.5 Characteristic Time Scales 412 10.6 Applying Micro- and Nano-Physics to the Design of Microdevices 413 Problems 415 References 416 Appendix A: SI Prefixes 417 Appendix B: Values of Fundamental Physical Constants 419 Appendix C: Model Answers for Self-study Problems 421 Index 435

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Book SynopsisIn a living body, a variety of molecules are working in a concerted manner to maintain its life, and to carry forward the genetic information from generation to generation. A key word to understand such processes is water, which plays an essential role in life phenomena. This book sheds light on life phenomena, which are woven by biomolecules as warp and water as weft, by means of statistical mechanics of molecular liquids, the RISM and 3D-RISM theories, both in equilibrium and non-equilibrium. A considerable number of pages are devoted to basics of mathematics and physics, so that students who have not majored in physics may be able to study the book by themselves. The book will also be helpful to those scientists seeking better tools for the computer-aided-drug-discovery.   Explains basics of the statistical mechanics of molecular liquids, or RISM and 3D-RISM theories, and its application to water. Provides outline of the generalTable of ContentsGeneral Introduction. Fundamentals: Basic Concepts Related to Statistical Mechanics. Statistical Mechanics of Liquid and Solutions. Dynamics of Liquids and Solutions. Theory of Biomolecular Solvation and Molecular Recognition. Structural Fluctuation and Dynamics of Protein in Aqueous Solutions. Applications of the Theories to In-silico Drug Discovery. References. Epilogue.

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Book SynopsisFluid dynamics plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, including the locomotion of cells such as bacteria and spermatozoa. These organisms possess flagella, slender organelles whose time periodic motion in a fluid environment gives rise to motility. Sitting at the intersection of applied mathematics, physics and biology, the fluid dynamics of cell motility is one of the most successful applications of mathematical tools to the understanding of the biological world. Based on courses taught over several years, it details the mathematical modelling necessary to understand cell motility in fluids, covering phenomena ranging from single-cell motion to instabilities in cell populations. Each chapter introduces mathematical models to rationalise experiments, uses physical intuition to interpret mathematical results, highlights the history of the field and discusses notable current research questions. All mathematical derivations are included for students new to the field, and end-of-Table of ContentsPart I. Fundamentals: 1. Biological background; 2. The fluid dynamics of microscopic locomotion; 3. The waving sheet model; 4. The squirmer model; Part II. Cellular locomotion: 5. Flagella and the physics of viscous propulsion; 6. Hydrodynamics of slender filaments; 7. Waving of eukaryotic flagella; 8. Rotation of bacterial flagellar filaments; 9. Flows and stresses induced by cells; Part III. Interactions: 10. Swimming cells in flows; 11. Self-propulsion and surfaces; 12. Hydrodynamic synchronisation; 13. Diffusion and noisy swimming; 14. Hydrodynamics of collective locomotion; 15. Locomotion and transport in complex fluids; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisDeals with the major terrestrial, algal, and siliceous indicators used in paleolimnology. This title is of interest to seasoned practitioners as well as newcomers to the area of paleolimnology.Trade Review"Volume 3 will be of particular interest to paleolimnologists approaching the subject from the biological or limnological standpoint; some of the most important indicators used by paleolimnologists including pollen analysis, plant macrofossils, charcoal, diatoms, chrysophytes, phytoliths, biogenic silica and pigments. These chapters will become essential citations in the methods sections of future papers." (Philip Barker, Dept. of Geography, Institute of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Lancaster University, UK in Journal of Paleolimnology, 30:4)Table of ContentsPreface. The Editors. Aims & Scope of Developments in Paleoenvironmental Research Book Series. Editors and Board of Advisors of Developments in Paleoenvironmental Research Book Series. Contents of Volumes 1 to 4. Safety Considerations and Caution. Dedication. List of Contributors. 1. Using biology to study long-term environmental change; J.P. Smol, et al. 2. Pollen; K.D. Bennett, K.J. Willis. 3. Conifer stomata; G.M. MacDonald. 4. Plant macrofossils; H.H. Birks. 5. Charcoal as a fire proxy; C. Whitlock, C.P.S. Larsen. 6. Non-pollen palynomorphs; B. van Geel. 7. Protozoa: testate amoebae; L. Beyens, R. Meisterfeld. 8. Diatoms; R.W. Battarbee, et al. 9. Chrysophyte scales and cysts; B.A. Zeeb, J.P. Smol. 10. Ebridians; A. Korhola, J.P. Smol. 11. Phytoliths; D.R. Piperno. 12. Freshwater sponges; T.M. Frost. 13. Siliceous protozoan plates and scales; M.S.V. Douglas, J.P. Smol. 14. Biogenic silica; D.J. Conley, C.L. Schelske. 15. Sedimentary pigments; P.R. Leavitt, D.A. Hodgson. Glossary, Acronyms and Abbreviations. Subject Index.

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Book SynopsisThe new and updated edition of this accessible text provides a comprehensive overview of the comparative physiology of animals within an environmental context. Includes two brand new chapters on Nerves and Muscles and the Endocrine System. Discusses both comparative systems physiology and environmental physiology. Analyses and integrates problems and adaptations for each kind of environment: marine, seashore and estuary, freshwater, terrestrial and parasitic. Examines mechanisms and responses beyond physiology. Applies an evolutionary perspective to the analysis of environmental adaptation. Provides modern molecular biology insights into the mechanistic basis of adaptation, and takes the level of analysis beyond the cell to the membrane, enzyme and gene. Incorporates more varied material from a wide range of animal types, with less of a focus purely on terrestrial reptiles, birds and mammals and rather more about thTrade Review"...this second edition confirms its status as the first place I would go for guidance in unfamiliar physiological territory. Its level is perfect for undergraduates...this is a terrific text, and one that I recommend unreservedly." Andrew Clarke, British Antarctic Survey, Trends in Ecology and Evolution, August 2004 Table of ContentsPreface To Second Edition. Preface To First Edition. Acknowledgments. Abbreviations. Part I: Basic Principles:. 1. The Nature And Levels Of Adaptation:. Introduction: Comparative, Environmental, And Evolutionary Physiology. The Meaning Of ‘Environment'. The Meaning Of ‘Adaptation’. Comparative Methods To Detect Adaptation. Physiological Response On Different Scales. Conclusions. Further Reading. 2. Fundamental Mechanisms Of Adaptation:. Introduction: Adaptation At The Molecular And Genome Level. Controlling Protein Action. Control Of Protein Synthesis And Degradation. Protein Evolution. Physiological Regulation Of Gene Expression. Conclusions. Further Reading. 3. The Problems Of Size And Scale:. Introduction. Principle Of Similarity: Isometric Scaling. Allometric Scaling. The Scaling Of Metabolic Rate. Scaling Of Locomotion. Conclusions: Is There A Right Size To Be?. Further Reading. Part II: Central Issues In Comparative Physiology:. 4. Water, Ions, And Osmotic Physiology:. Introduction. Aqueous Solutions. Passive Movements Of Water And Solutes. Nonpassive Solute Movements. Concentrations Of Cell Contents. Overall Regulation Of Cell Contents. Conclusions. Further Reading. 5. Animal Water Balance, Osmoregulation, And Excretion:. Introduction. Exchanges Occurring At The Outer Body Surface. Osmoregulation At External Surfaces. Osmoregulatory Organs And Their Excretory Products. Water Regulation Via The Gut. Regulation Of Respiratory Water Exchanges. Water Loss In Reproductive Systems. Water Gain. The Costs And Energetics Of Regulating Water And Ion Balance. Roles Of Nervous Systems And Hormones. Conclusions. Further Reading. 6. Metabolism And Energy Supply:. Introduction. Metabolic Intermediaries. Anaerobic Metabolism. Aerobic Metabolism. Metabolic Rates. Energy Budgets. Further Reading. 7. Respiration And Circulation:. Introduction. Uptake And Loss Of Gases Across Respiratory Surfaces. Ventilation Systems To Improve Exchange Rates. Circulatory Systems. Delivering And Transferring Gases To The Tissues. Coping With Hypoxia And Anoxia. Control Of Respiration. Further Reading. 8. Temperature And Its Effects:. Introduction. Biochemical Effects Of Temperature. Physiological Effects Of Temperature. Terminology And Strategies In Thermal Biology. Thermal Environments And Thermal Exchanges. Avoidance, Tolerance, And Acclimation In Thermal Biology. Regulating Heat Gain And Keeping Warm. Regulating Heat Loss And Keeping Cool. Opting Out: Evasion Systems In Space Or Time. Regulating Thermal Biology: Nerves And Hormones. Evolution And Advantages Of Varying Thermal Strategies. Further Reading. 9. Excitable Tissues Nervous Systems And Muscles:. Introduction. Section 1: Nerves. Neural Functioning. Synaptic Transmission. Nervous Systems. Neural Integration And Higher Neural Processes. Neuronal Development. Sensory Systems – Mechanisms And Principles. Specific Senses And Sense Organs. Section 2: Muscles. Muscles And Movement: Introduction. Muscle Structure. Muscle Contraction. Muscle Mechanics. Muscle Types And Diversity. Section 3: Nerves And Muscles Working Together. Motor Activity Patterns. Locomotion Using Muscles. Conclusions. Further Reading. 10. Hormones And Chemical Control Systems:. Introduction. Endocrine Systems. Control Of Water And Osmotic Balance. Control Of Ion Balance And pH. Control Of Development And Growth. Control Of Metabolism, Temperature, And Color. Control Of Sex And Reproduction. Hormones And Other Behaviors; Aggression, Territoriality, And Migration. Pheromones And The Control Of Behavior. Conclusions. Further Reading. Part III: Coping With The Environment:. Introduction. 11. Marine Life:. Introduction: Marine Habitats And Biota. Ionic And Osmotic Adaptation. Thermal Adaptation. Respiratory Adaptation. Reproductive And Life-Cycle Adaptation. Depth Problems, Buoyancy, And Locomotion. Sensory Issues: Marine Signaling. Feeding And Being Fed On. Anthropogenic Problems. Secondary Invasion Of The Seas: Marine Vertebrates. Conclusions. Further Reading. 12. Shorelines And Estuaries:. Introduction: Brackish Habitats And Biota. Ionic And Osmotic Adaptation And Water Balance. Thermal Adaptation. Respiratory Adaptation. Reproductive And Life-Cycle Adaptation. Mechanical, Locomotory, And Sensory Systems. Feeding And Being Fed On. Anthropogenic Problems. Conclusions. Further Reading. 13. Fresh Water:. Introduction: Freshwater Habitats And Biota. Osmotic And Ionic Adaptation And Water Balance. Thermal Adaptation. Respiratory Adaptation. Reproductive And Life-Cycle Adaptation. Mechanical, Locomotory, And Sensory Adaptations. Feeding And Being Fed On. Anthropogenic Problems. Conclusions. Further Reading. 14. Special Aquatic Habitats:. Introduction. Transient Water Bodies. Osmotically Peculiar Habitats. Thermally Extreme Waters. Further Reading. 15. Terrestrial Life:. Introduction. Ionic And Osmotic Adaptation And Water Balance. Thermal Adaptation. Respiratory Adaptation. Reproductive And Life-Cycle Adaptation. Locomotion And Mechanical Adaptations. Sensory Adaptations. Feeding And Being Fed On. Anthropogenic Problems. Conclusions. Further Reading. 16. Extreme Terrestrial Habitats:. Introduction. Hot And Dry Habitats: Deserts. Very Cold Habitats. High-Altitude Habitats. Aerial Habitats. Conclusions. Further Reading. 17. Parasitic Habitats:. Introduction. Parasite Environments. Basic Parasite Physiology. Reproduction And Transmission. Parasite Sensory Abilities. Parasite Regulation Of Host Physiology. Biotic Interactions: Host–Parasite Conflicts. Conclusions. Further Reading. References. Index

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Book SynopsisComputational modeling can provide a wealth of insight into how energy flow in proteins mediates protein function. Computational methods can also address fundamental questions related to molecular signaling and energy flow in proteins. Proteins: Energy, Heat and Signal Flow presents state-of-the-art computational strategies for studying energy redistribution, signaling, and heat transport in proteins and other molecular machines.The first of four sections of the book address the transport of energy in molecular motors, which function through a combination of chemically driven large-scale conformational changes and charge transport. Focusing on vibrational energy flow in proteins and nanostructures, the next two sections discuss approaches based on molecular dynamics simulations and harmonic analysis. By exploring the flow of free energy in proteins, the last section examines the conformational changes involved in allosteric traTrade Review... a useful guide for practitioners of molecular dynamics, theorists interested in structural biology, and users of modeling software seeking to understand the methods in more depth. The book is well organized, produced, and edited. References are up-to-date and comprehensive. -Harry A. Stern, University of Rochester, in the Journal of the American Chemical SocietyTable of ContentsEnergy Transduction in Molecular Motors. Vibrational Energy Flow in Proteins: Molecular Dynamics-Based Methods. Vibrational Energy Flow in Proteins and Nanostructures: Normal Mode-Based Methods. Conformational Transitions and Reaction Path Searches in Proteins. Index.

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Book Synopsisan impressive text that addresses a glaring gap in the teaching of physical chemistry, being specifically focused on biologically-relevant systems along with a practical focusâ. the ample problems and tutorials throughout are much appreciated. âTobin R. Sosnick, Professor and Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of ChicagoPresents both the concepts and equations associated with statistical thermodynamics in a unique way that is at visual, intuitive, and rigorous. This approach will greatly benefit students at all levels. âVijay S. Pande, Henry Dreyfus Professor of Chemistry, Stanford Universitya masterful tour de forceâ. Barrick's rigor and scholarship come through in every chapter.âRohit V. Pappu, Edwin H. Murty Professor of Engineering, Washington University in St. LouisThis book provides a comprehensive, contemporary introduction to developing a quantitative understanding of how biological macromolecules behTrade Review"Presents both the concepts and equations associated with statistical thermodynamics in a unique way that is at visual, intuitive, and rigorous. This approach will greatly benefit students at all levels." –Vijay S. Pande, Henry Dreyfus Professor of Chemistry, Stanford University"a masterful tour de force…. Barrick's rigor and scholarship come through in every chapter. The focus on biomolecules combined with the detailed demonstrations of how concepts apply to practical aspects of biophysics make this a truly unique contribution. Everyone, from the purported expert to the true novice will gain immensely from this carefully crafted, well motivated, and deeply thought out contribution. This book should live on all of our bookshelves and be consulted routinely as a quick reference or as material for in depth study and training." —Rohit V. Pappu, Edwin H. Murty Professor of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis"The author has created an impressive text that addresses a glaring gap in the teaching of physical chemistry, being specifically focused on biologically-relevant systems along with a practical focus. It starts by bringing students up to speed on probability theory, multi-variate calculus and data fitting, the necessary tools for tackling the advanced topics covered in the remaining dozen chapters and for conducting rigorous interdisciplinary research…. the ample problems and tutorials throughout are much appreciated." —Tobin R. Sosnick, Professor and Chair, Dept of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago"Presents both the concepts and equations associated with statistical thermodynamics in a unique way that is at visual, intuitive, and rigorous. This approach will greatly benefit students at all levels." –Vijay S. Pande, Henry Dreyfus Professor of Chemistry, Stanford University"a masterful tour de force…. Barrick's rigor and scholarship come through in every chapter. The focus on biomolecules combined with the detailed demonstrations of how concepts apply to practical aspects of biophysics make this a truly unique contribution. Everyone, from the purported expert to the true novice will gain immensely from this carefully crafted, well motivated, and deeply thought out contribution. This book should live on all of our bookshelves and be consulted routinely as a quick reference or as material for in depth study and training." —Rohit V. Pappu, Edwin H. Murty Professor of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis"The author has created an impressive text that addresses a glaring gap in the teaching of physical chemistry, being specifically focused on biologically-relevant systems along with a practical focus. It starts by bringing students up to speed on probability theory, multi-variate calculus and data fitting, the necessary tools for tackling the advanced topics covered in the remaining dozen chapters and for conducting rigorous interdisciplinary research…. the ample problems and tutorials throughout are much appreciated." —Tobin R. Sosnick, Professor and Chair, Dept of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of ChicagoTable of ContentsSeries PrefacePrefaceAcknowledgmentsNote to InstructorsAuthorChapter 1 Probabilities and Statistics in Chemical and BiothermodynamicsChapter 2 Mathematical Tools in ThermodynamicsChapter 3 The Framework of Thermodynamics and the First LawChapter 4 The Second Law and EntropyChapter 5 Free Energy as a Potential for the Laboratory and for BiologyChapter 6 Using Chemical Potentials to Describe Phase TransitionsChapter 7 The Concentration Dependence of Chemical Potential, Mixing, and ReactionsChapter 8 Conformational EquilibriumChapter 9 Statistical Thermodynamics and the Ensemble MethodChapter 10 Ensembles That Interact with Their SurroundingsChapter 11 Partition Functions for Single Molecules and Chemical ReactionsChapter 12 The Helix–Coil TransitionChapter 13 Ligand Binding Equilibria from a Macroscopic PerspectiveChapter 14 Ligand Binding Equilibria from a Microscopic PerspectiveAppendix: How to Use Mathematica 485BibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisAn evolving, living organic/inorganic covering, soil is in dynamic equilibrium with the atmosphere above, the biosphere within, and the geology below. It acts as an anchor for roots, a purveyor of water and nutrients, a residence for a vast community of microorganisms and animals, a sanitizer of the environment, and a source of raw materials for construction and manufacturing. To develop lasting solutions to the challenges of balanced use and stewardship of the Earth, we require a fundamental understanding of soilfrom its elastic, porous three-phase system to its components, processes, and reactions.Handbook of Soil Sciences: Properties and Processes, Second Edition is the first of two volumes that form a comprehensive reference on the discipline of soil science. Completely revised and updated to reflect the current state of knowledge, this volume covers the traditional areas of soil science: soil physics, soil chemistry, soil mineralogy, soil biology and bioTable of ContentsSoil Physics. Soil Chemistry. Soil Mineralogy. Soil Biology and Biochemistry: Soil Biology in Its Second Golden Age. Pedology. Index.

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Book SynopsisPrinciples of Biophysical Inquiry.- Introduction: To the Student First Edition.- Philosophy and Practice of Biophysical Study.- Overview of the Biological System Under Study.- Physical Thoughts, Biological Systems The Application of Modeling Principles to Understanding Biological Systems.- Probability and Statistics.- Foundations.- Energy and Force The Prime Observables.- Biophysical Forces in Molecular Systems.- Physical Principles: Quantum Mechanics.- Chemical Principles.- Measuring the Energy of a System: Energetics and the First Law of Thermodynamics.- Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics.- Which Way Is That System Going? The Gibbs Free Energy.- The Thermodynamics of Phase Equilibria.- Building a Model of Biomolecular Structure.- Water: A Unique Solvent and Vital Component of Life.- IonSolvent Interactions.- IonIon Interactions.- Lipids in Aqueous Solution.- Macromolecules in Solution.- Molecular Modeling Mapping Biochemical State Space.- The Electrified Interphase.- Function and Action Biological State Space.- Transport A Non-equilibrium Process.- Flow in a Chemical Potential Field: Diffusion.- Flow in an Electric Field: Conduction.- Forces Across Membranes.- Kinetics Chemical Kinetics.- Dynamic Bioelectrochemistry Charge Transfer in Biological Systems.- Methods for the Measuring Structure and Function.- Separation and Characterization of Biomolecules Based on Macroscopic Properties.- Analysis of Molecular Structure with Electronic Spectroscopy.- Molecular Structure from Scattering Phenomena.- Analysis of Structure Microscopy.- Epilogue.- Physical Constants.Table of ContentsPREFACE PART I: Principles of Biophysical Inquiry Chapter 1 Introduction: “To the Student” Chapter 2 Philosophy and Practice of Biophysical Study Chapter 3 Overview of the Biological System Under Study – Descriptive Models Chapter 4 Physical Thoughts, Biological Systems - The application of modeling principles to understanding biological systems Chapter 5 Probability and Statistics PART II: Foundations Chapter 6 Physical Principles: Energy - The Prime Observable Chapter 7 Biophysical Forces in Molecular Systems Chapter 8 An Introduction to Quantum Mechanics Chapter 9 Chemical Principles Chapter 10 Measuring the Energy of a System: Energetics and the First Law of Thermodynamics Chapter 11 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics Chapter 12 Which Way Did That System Go? The Gibbs Free Energy Chapter 13 The Thermodynamics of Phase Equilibria PART III: Building a Model of Biomolecular Structure Chapter 14 Water: A Unique Structure, A Unique Solvent Chapter 15 Ion-Solvent Interactions Chapter 16 Ion-Ion Interactions Chapter 17 Lipids in Aqueous Solution Chapter 18 Macromolecules in Solution Chapter 19 Molecular Modeling - Mapping Biochemical State Space Chapter 20 The Electrified Interphase PART IV: Function and Action Biological State Space Chapter 21 Transport and Kinetics: Processes Not at Equilibrium Chapter 22 Flow in a Chemical Potential Field: Diffusion Chapter 23 Flow in an Electrical Field: Conduction Chapter 24 Forces Across Membranes Chapter 25 Kinetics - Chemical Kinetics Chapter 26 Bioelectrochemistry – Charge Transfer in Biological Systems PART V: Methods for the Measuring Structure and Function Chapter 27 Separation and Characterization of Biomolecules Based on Macroscopic Properties (with Kristin E. Bergethon) Chapter 28 Determining Structure by molecular interactions with photons: Electronic Spectroscopy (with Kristin Bergethon) Chapter 29 Determining Structure by molecular interactions with photons: ScatteringPhenomena Chapter 30 Analysis of Structure – Microscopy Chapter 31 Epilogue Chapter 32 Physical Constants PART VI: APPENDICES Appendix A Review of Mathematical Methods Appendix B Quantum Electrodynamics Appendix C The Pre-Socratic Roots of Modern Science Appendix D The Poisson Function Appendix E Assumptions of a Kinetic Theory of Ideal Gas Behavior Appendix F Determination of a Field from the Potential Appendix G Geometric Optics Appendix H The Compton Effect Appendix I Hamilton's Principle of Least Action/Fermat's Principle of Least Time Appendix J Energy of Interaction between ions Appendix K Derivation of the Statement, Qrev > Qirrev Appendix L Derivation of the Clausius-Clapeyron Equation Appendix M Derivation of the van't Hoff Equation for Osmotic Pressure Appendix N Pseudoforces Appendix O Work of charging and discharging a rigid sphere Appendix P Review of Electrical Circuits Appendix Q Fermi's Golden Rule Appendix R Adiabatic vs non-Adiabatic processes

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Book SynopsisPart I Fundamentals of How People Learn (HPL).- Introduction to HPL Methodology.- Part II. Fundamental Concepts in Biotransport.- Fundamental Concepts in Biotransport.- Modeling and Solving Biotransport Problems.- Part III. Biofluid Transport.- Rheology of Biological Fluids.- Macroscopic Approach for Biofluid Transport.- Shell Balance Approach for One Dimensional Biofluid Transport.- General Microscopic Approach for Biofluid Transport.- Part IV Bioheat Transport.- Heat Transfer Fundamentals.- Macroscopic Approach to Bioheat Transport.- Shell Balance Approach for 1-D Bioheat Transport.- General Microscopic Approach for Bioheat Transport.- Section V Biological Mass Transport.- Mass Transfer Fundamentals.- Macroscopic Approach to Biomass Transport.- Shell Balance Approach for 1-D Biomass Transport.- General Microscopic Approach for Biomass TransportTable of ContentsPart I Fundamentals of How People Learn (HPL).- Introduction to HPL Methodology.- Part II. Fundamental Concepts in Biotransport.- Fundamental Concepts in Biotransport.- Modeling and Solving Biotransport Problems.- Part III. Biofluid Transport.- Rheology of Biological Fluids.- Macroscopic Approach for Biofluid Transport.- Shell Balance Approach for One Dimensional Biofluid Transport.- General Microscopic Approach for Biofluid Transport.- Part IV Bioheat Transport.- Heat Transfer Fundamentals.- Macroscopic Approach to Bioheat Transport.- Shell Balance Approach for 1-D Bioheat Transport.- General Microscopic Approach for Bioheat Transport.- Section V Biological Mass Transport.- Mass Transfer Fundamentals.- Macroscopic Approach to Biomass Transport.- Shell Balance Approach for 1-D Biomass Transport.- General Microscopic Approach for Biomass Transport

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Book SynopsisThe Classic: De Marneffe's work (In French).- The Classic: De Marneffe's work (In French).- Current presentation of his work by De Marneffe.- Current presentation of his work by De Marneffe.- Anatomy and Physiology.- Morphology and Distribution of Blood Vessels and Blood Flow in Bone.- Microvascularization, Osteogenesis, and Myelopoiesis in Normal and Pathological Conditions.- Endothelial Cells and Bone Cells.- History of Discoveries of Bone Marrow and Bone Vascularisation and Innervation.- The Direct Effects of Acidosis and Alkalosis on Long Bone Vascular Resistance.- The Regulation of Blood Flow in Bone.- Methods of Investigation.- Measurement of Bone Blood Flow in Animals.- Arteriolar Blockade Revisited: Comparisons Between the Use of Resin Particles and Microspheres for Bone Haemodynamic Studies.- Measurement of Bone Blood Flow in Humans.- Skeletal Fluoride Kinetics of 18F- and Positron Emission Tomography (PET): in-vivo Estimation of Regional Bone Blood Flow and Influx Rate in Humans.- Intraosseous Pressure, Gas Tension and Bone Blood Flow; in Normal and Pathological Situations: A Survey of Methods and Results.- Fracture Healing and Bone Grafts.- The Role of the Vasculature in Fracture Healing.- Haemodynamics of Bone Healing in a Model Stable Fracture.- Perturbations of Vascularization and Circulation Due to Osteosynthetic Methods.- Comparative Vascular Evaluation by MRI of Autologous and Bovine Grafts.- The Importance of Flow Conductance of Cancellous Bone Grafts as a Critical Factor in Graft Incorporation.- Circulatory Aspects of Bone Disorders.- Myelogenous Osteopathies.- Circulatory Aspects of Bone Disease in Endocrinopathies.- Bone Turnover in Osteoporosis.- Bone Blood Flow and Spaceflight Osteopenia.- Bone Vascularization in Arthritis.- Vascular Aspectsin Degenerative Joint Disorders.- Circulatory Aspects of Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy.- Osteonecrosis.- Atraumatic Necrosis of the Femoral Head: General Report.- Epidemiology and Risk Factors in Avascular Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head.- Pathophysiology of Osteonecrosis.- Diagnosis of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head.- Bone Biopsy as Diagnostic Criteria for Aseptic Necrosis of the Femoral Head.- The Histology of Osteonecrosis and Its Distinction from Histologic Artifacts.- Bone Arteriography of the Femoral Head of Humans in Normal and Pathological Conditions.- Compared Microangiographic Images of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head and Osteoarthritis of the Hip.- Value of Quantified MRI to Predict Long-Term Prognosis of Early Stage Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head.- Conservative, Non Invasive Treatment of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head.- Long Term Results in Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) Treatment of Osteonecrosis.- Effects of Electric and Electromagnetic Fields on Bone Formation, Bone Circulation and Avascular Necrosis.- The Place of Core Decompression in the Treatment of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head.- 300 Cases of Core Decompression with Bone Grafting for Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head.- Proximal Femoral Osteotomies in the Treatment of Idiopathic and Steroid-Induced Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head.- Methodologic Problems in Staging and Evaluating Osteonecrosis.- The ARCO Perspective for Reaching One Uniform Staging System of Osteonecrosis.Table of ContentsCurrent Presentation of his Work; De Marneffe. Anatomy and Physiology: Morphology and Distribution of Blood Vessels and Blood Flow in Bone; M. Brookes. Methods of Investigation: Measurement of Bone Blood Flow in Animals; P. Tothill. Fracture Healing and Bone Grafts: The Role of Vasculature in Fracture Healing; S.P.F. Hughes, et al. Circulatory Aspects of Bone Disorders: Bone Turnovers in Osteoporosis; A.M. Peters. Osteonecrosis: General Aspects of Osteonecrosis: Pathophysiology of Osteonecrosis; J.P. Jones. Methods of Diagnosis: Diagnosis of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head; D.S. Hungerford, L.C. Jones. Treatment: Long Term Results in Electromagnetic Fields Treatment of Osteonecrosis; M. Hinsenkamp, et al. ARCO Perspective for Staging: Methodologic Problems in Staging and Evaluating Osteonecrosis; B.N. Stulberg, J.W.M. Gardeniers. 34 additional articles. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book is based on a series of lectures for a course on ionic channels held in Santiago, Chile, on November 17-20, 1984.Table of ContentsI. Methodologies.- 1 Kinetic Models and Channel Fluctuations.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Two-State Channel.- 3. Two Two-State Channels.- 4. Three-State Channel with Three Conductances.- 5. Three-State Channel with Only Two Conductances.- References.- 2 Single-Channel Currents and Postsynaptic Drug Actions.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Channel Gating as a Stochastic Process.- 3. Postsynaptic Channels in the Presence of Drugs.- 4. Reconstructing the Postsynaptic Current.- 5. Macroscopic and Molecular Consequences.- References.- 3 Voltage-Dependent Gating: Gating Current Measurement and Interpretation.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Voltage Gating.- 3. Gating Current Is a Capacitive Current.- 4. Measurement of Gating Currents.- 5. Gating of the Sodium Channel.- References.- 4 Characterizing the Electrical Behavior of an Open Channel via the Energy Profile for Ion Permeation: A Prototype Using a Fluctuating Barrier Model for the Acetylcholine Receptor Channel.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Theory.- 3. Confrontation with Experimental Data for the AChR Channel.- 4. Discussion.- References.- 5 The Use of Specific Ligands to Study Sodium Channels in Muscle.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Molecular Pharmacology of the Sodium Channel in Muscle.- 3. Sodium Channel in Cardiac Muscle: Are All Sodium Channels Alike?.- 4. Surface and Tubular Sodium Channels in Skeletal Muscle.- 5. Models for Sodium Channels in Muscle Membranes.- References.- 6 Isolation of Muscle Membranes Containing Functional Ionic Channels.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Excitation-Contraction Coupling.- 3. Ionic Channels and E-C Coupling.- 4. Isolation of Muscle Membranes.- 5. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 7 Methodologies to Study Channel-Mediated Ion Fluxes in Membrane Vesicles.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Channel-Mediated Tl+ Flux Measured by Fluorescence Quenching.- 3. Channel-Mediated Ion Fluxes Measured by Light Scattering.- References.- 8 Optical Studies on Ionic Channels in Intact Vertebrate Nerve Terminals.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Equivalence of Optical and Electrical Measurements of Membrane Potential.- 3. Optical Recording of Action Potentials from Nerve Terminals of the Frog Xenopus.- 4. Properties of the Action Potential in the Nerve Terminals.- 5. Ionic Basis of the Depolarizing Phase of the Action Potential.- 6. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 9 Optical Detection of ATP Release from Stimulated Endocrine Cells: A Universal Marker of Exocytotic Secretion of Hormones.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Methodological Considerations.- 3. Acetylcholine-Induced ATP Release from Chromaffin Cells: Calcium Dependence.- 4. Nicotinic Receptor Desensitization.- 5. Granular Nature of the Secreted ATP.- 6. ATP Release Evoked by Membrane Depolarization Is Mediated by Activation of Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels.- 7. ATP Release from Collagenase-Isolated Islets of Langerhans.- 8. Conclusion.- 9. Summary.- References.- II. Channels in Biological Membranes.- 10 Mechanotransducing Ion Channels.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Recording SA Channels.- 3. General Characteristics.- 4. Conductance Properties.- 5. Kinetic Properties.- 6. The Model.- 7. Comparing the Model to the Data.- 8. Future Prospects.- References.- 11 Ionic Channels in Plant Protoplasts.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Some Methodological Considerations.- 3. Voltage-Dependent Channels Opened by Hyperpolarization.- 4. Channels Affected by TEA.- 5. Conclusions.- References.- 12 Channels in Kidney Epithelial Cells.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Cell Culture.- 3. Patch-Clamp Methodology.- 4. Potassium Channel Characteristics.- 5. Channel Modulation.- 6. Conclusions.- References.- 13 Channels in Photoreceptors.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Vertebrate Photoreceptors.- 3. Invertebrate Photoreceptors.- References.- 14 Inactivation of Calcium Currents in Muscle Fibers from Balanus.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Methodological Considerations.- 3. Characteristics of Inward Currents.- 4. Mechanism of Inactivation.- References.- 15 Electrophysiological Studies in Endocrine Cells.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Whole-Cell Patch-Clamp Methodology.- 3. Cell Culture.- 4. Ionic Currents in GH3 Cells.- 5. Characteristics of Calcium Channels.- 6. Conclusions.- References.- III. Ionic Channel Reconstitution.- 16 Ion Channel Reconstitution: Why Bother?.- 1. Introduction and Background.- 2. Unexpected Surprises.- 3. Unconstrained Variables.- 4. Unrealized Hopes.- References.- 17 From Brain to Bilayer: Sodium Channels from Rat Neurons Incorporated into Planar Lipid Membranes.- 1. Perspectives and Background.- 2. Electrophysiology without Cells.- 3. A Closer Look at Batrachotoxin-Activated Sodium Channels in Bilayer Membranes.- 4. Looking Ahead.- References.- 18 Ionic Channels in the Plasma Membrane of Sea Urchin Sperm.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Are There Channels in Sea Urchin Sperm?.- 3. Reconstitution Studies with Isolated Sea Urchin Sperm Plasma Membrane.- 4. Channels in the Plasma Membrane of Sea Urchin Sperm: Implications for the Acrosome Reaction.- 5. Are There Receptors to the Egg Jelly in the Sea Urchin Sperm Plasma Membranes?.- 6. Perspectives.- References.- 19 Characterization of Large-Unitary-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels in Planar Lipid Bilayers.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Channel Gating.- 3. Channel Conductance and Selectivity.- 4. Conductance of the Calcium-Activated K+ Channels.- 5. Selectivity of the Ca-K Channels.- 6. Blockade of the Ca-K Channels.- 7. Conclusions.- References.- IV. Ionic Channel Modulation.- 20 Metabolic Regulation of Ion Channels.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Second Messengers.- 3. Protein Phosphorylation.- 4. Summary.- References.- 21 The Cell-to-Cell Membrane Channel: Its Regulation by Cellular Phosphorylation.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Cell-to-Cell Channels Are Up-Regulated by cAMP-Dependent Phosphorylation.- 3. The Cell-to-Cell Channels are Down-Regulated by Tyrosine Phosphorylation.- References.- 22 The ?-Cell Bursting Pattern and Intracellular Calcium.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Role of [Ca2+]i Dependence on Glucose.- 3. A Biophysical/Mathematical Model.- 4. Burst Frequency Depends on the Ratio [free Ca2+]i/[total Ca]i.- 5. Summary.- References.- 23 Neurotrophic Effects of in Vitro Innervation of Cultured Muscle Cells. Modulation of Ca2+-Activated K+ Conductances.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Methodological Considerations.- 3. Innervation and Muscle Cell Electrical Activity.- 4. Conclusions.- References.- V. Ionic Channel Structure, Functions, and Models.- 24 Correlation of the Molecular Structure with Functional Properties of the Acetylcholine Receptor Protein.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The AChR Macromolecule.- 3. Arrangement of Subunits in the AChR Macromolecule.- 4. The AChR Primary Structure, cDNA Recombinant Techniques, and Modeling Receptor Structure.- 5. Immunochemistry of AChR and the Testing of Models.- 6. Voltage-Gated and Agonist-Gated Channels: A Comparison.- 7. Dynamics of AChR and Lipids in the Membrane.- 8. Acetylcholine-Receptor-Controlled Channel Properties.- References.- 25 Amiloride-Sensitive Epithelial Sodium Channels.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Amiloride-Sensitive Na+ Transport Processes.- 3. Characterization of Amiloride-Sensitive Na+ Channels in Intact Epithelia.- 4. Incorporation of Amiloride-Sensitive Na+ Channels into Planar Bilayers.- 5. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 26 A Channel Model for Development of the Fertilization Membrane in Sea Urchin Eggs.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Processes Following Fertilization.- 3. Experimental Basis for Model.- 4. Description of Model.- 5. Equations of Model.- 6. Solutions of Model Equations.- References.

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Book SynopsisThis richly illustrated third edition provides a thorough training in practical mathematical biology and shows how exciting mathematical challenges can arise from a genuinely interdisciplinary involvement with the biosciences.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: "The 2nd volume of the authors elucidating work highlights a surprisingly broad spectrum of applications in the field of mathematical biology. The sense given to the mathematical texture of thoughts broadens the reader’s insight … . The growing number of specialists in sub-disciplines of mathematical biology will be enjoying the truly concise approach … . It can so be said that the foremost results … might be essential for new interpretations of data … . It is a recommended text for mathematicians … ." (Daniel Gertsch, Bioworld, Issue 2, 2004) From the reviews of the third edition: "This is the second volume of the third edition of Murray’s ‘Mathematical Biology’. … covers a wide variety of problems in pattern formation, each discussed in its biological context. … This volume alone is a large book, with more than 800 pages and a similar number of references. … it is a valuable collection of results from different areas of mathematical biology." (Carlo Laing, New Zealand Mathematical Society Newsletter, Issue 90, April, 2004) "This book, a classical text in mathematical biology, cleverly combines mathematical tools with subject area sciences. The multi-layer way of material presentation makes the book useful for different types of reader including graduate-level students, bioscientists … . it is an enjoyable reading and I recommend it to anyone with serious interest in mathematical modelling." (V.V. Fedorov, Short Book Reviews, Vol. 23 (3), 2003) "This second volume of the third edition of Murray’s Mathematical biology focuses on partial differential equations (spatial models) and their application to the biomedical sciences. … Each chapter deals with its particular topic in great detail, usually focusing on one biological example and the associated mathematical model and results. This volume is not an introductory text … making it extremely useful in graduate courses and for reference." (Trachette L. Jackson, Mathematical Reviews, 2004b) "In this second volume … the development towards specific biological configurations and towards a mechanism for understanding morphogenesis represents an important portion of the work. … chapters deal with attractive topics … . There is an extensive index at the end. … very interesting and strongly recommended." (A. Akutowicz, Zentralblatt MATH, Vol. 1006, 2003) "In this volume it becomes clear that compiling the third edition was a ‘labor of love’. The book has a significantly different feel from the original first edition. … my reaction to the third edition was positive. … The historical and biological overviews have much interesting information. … Certainly, the spicy writing will keep students alert … . In summary, I recommend the new and expanded third edition to any serious young student interested in mathematical biology … ." (Leah Edelstein-Keshet, SIAM Review, Vol. 46 (1), 2004) "Mathematical Biology would be eminently suitable as a text for a final year undergraduate or postgraduate course in mathematical biology … . It is also a good source of examples for courses in mathematical methods … . Mathematical Biology provides a good way into the field and a useful reference for those of us already there. It may attract more mathematicians to work in biology by showing them that there is real work to be done." (Peter Saunders, The Mathematical Gazette, Vol. 90 (518), 2006)Table of ContentsMulti-Species Waves and Practical Applications * Spatial Pattern Formation with Reaction Diffusion Systems * Animal Coat Patterns and Other Practical Applications of Reaction Diffusion Mechanisms * Pattern Formation on Growing Domains: Alligators and Snakes * Bacterial Patterns and Chemotaxis * Mechanical Theory for Generating Pattern and Form in Development * Evolution, Morphogenetic Laws, Developmental Constraints and Teratologies * A Mechanical Theory of Vascular Network Formation * Epidermal Wound Healing * Dermal Wound Healing * Growth and Control of Brain Tumours * Neural Models of Pattern Formation * Geographic Spread and Control of Epidemics * Wolf Territoriality, Wolf-Deer Interaction and Survival

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Book SynopsisBasics of Molecular Recognition explores fundamental recognition principles between monomers or macromolecules that lead to diverse biological functions. Based on the author's longtime courses, the book helps readers understand the structural aspects of macromolecular recognition and stimulates further research on whether molecules similar to DNA or protein can be synthesized chemically.The book begins with the types of bonds that participate in the recognition and the functional groups that are capable of forming these bonds. It then explains how smaller molecules select their partners in the overall recognition scheme, offering examples of specific recognition patterns involving molecules other than nucleic acids. The core of the book focuses on macromolecular recognitionthe central dogma of molecular biology. The author discusses various methods for studying molecular recognition. He also describes how molecules without biological functions can be aTable of ContentsFeatures of Interacting Monomers with Different Functionalities: What Drives the Binding? Molecular Recognition among Various Monomers. Macromolecular Recognition. Methods to Follow Molecular Recognition. Macromolecular Assembly and Recognition with Chemical Entities. Suggested Readings. Index.

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Book SynopsisConnecting past, present, and future instrument development and use, Biocalorimetry: Foundations and Contemporary Approaches explores biocalorimetry's history, fundamentals, methodologies, and applications. Some of the most prominent calorimeter developers and users share invaluable personal accounts of discovery, discussing innovative techniques as well as special and original applications. Wide in scope, the book also covers calorimetry use on membranes, nucleic acids, and proteins and addresses both thermodynamics and kinetics. The book begins with a look at the historical development of calorimeters needed for biological research. It then describes advanced approaches that use high-quality commercial calorimeters to study biochemical and other biological processes. It also shows how novel experimental designs and data analysis procedures are applied to proteins, DNA, membranes, and living matter. Trade Review"This is a highly specialized collection of articles mainly by European chemists, biochemists, and biologists. The article topics surround the history, theory, and application of calorimetry in biology. The measurement of heat absorbed and exuded by matter, due to changes in surrounding temperature, forms the science of relevance to characterize the materials; this can be related to their structures and properties. Historically, calories have been defined as units of heat energy. The focus of several chapters includes the problem of measuring the very small amounts of heat specific to biological matter, which requires very sensitive and sophisticated instruments. In four sections, the articles cover the history and methods of calorimetry, the use of differential scanning and isometric titration calorimetry to characterize specific membranes, the calorimetry of nucleic acids and proteins, and applications of calorimetry to other areas, such as clinical samples, enzymes, and pharmaceuticals. Every article is replete with references, graphs, and mathematical analysis. The index is useful.Summing Up: Recommended. Graduate students, researchers, professionals."—N. Sadanand, Central Connecticut State University, in the January 2017 issue of CHOICE"Whether the reader is new to the area or already an experienced scientist, this book will serve as the ultimate reference in the field of biocalorimetry. The very pioneers that gave us the instrumentation and techniques cover the history and background of biocalorimetry. The ongoing research is described by current experts in different fields of biocalorimetry. Everything is there."—Arne Schön, Research Scientist, Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University"This book is a much-needed update on the field of biothermodynamics and biocalorimetry. It starts with historical and sometimes personal views from some of the pioneers of this field, followed by reviews on the state of the art of calorimetry application to the study of biomembranes, nucleic acids, and proteins, as well as biomedical applications. I think all newcomers should take the time to read the book from its beginning to grasp how the field started and until the end to have an idea on where it is expanding to."—Watson Loh, Professor of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas"This is a highly specialized collection of articles mainly by European chemists, biochemists, and biologists. The article topics surround the history, theory, and application of calorimetry in biology. The measurement of heat absorbed and exuded by matter, due to changes in surrounding temperature, forms the science of relevance to characterize the materials; this can be related to their structures and properties. Historically, calories have been defined as units of heat energy. The focus of several chapters includes the problem of measuring the very small amounts of heat specific to biological matter, which requires very sensitive and sophisticated instruments. In four sections, the articles cover the history and methods of calorimetry, the use of differential scanning and isometric titration calorimetry to characterize specific membranes, the calorimetry of nucleic acids and proteins, and applications of calorimetry to other areas, such as clinical samples, enzymes, and pharmaceuticals. Every article is replete with references, graphs, and mathematical analysis. The index is useful.Summing Up: Recommended. Graduate students, researchers, professionals."—N. Sadanand, Central Connecticut State University, in the January 2017 issue of CHOICE"Whether the reader is new to the area or already an experienced scientist, this book will serve as the ultimate reference in the field of biocalorimetry. The very pioneers that gave us the instrumentation and techniques cover the history and background of biocalorimetry. The ongoing research is described by current experts in different fields of biocalorimetry. Everything is there."—Arne Schön, Research Scientist, Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University"This book is a much-needed update on the field of biothermodynamics and biocalorimetry. It starts with historical and sometimes personal views from some of the pioneers of this field, followed by reviews on the state of the art of calorimetry application to the study of biomembranes, nucleic acids, and proteins, as well as biomedical applications. I think all newcomers should take the time to read the book from its beginning to grasp how the field started and until the end to have an idea on where it is expanding to."—Watson Loh, Professor of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of CampinasTable of ContentsIntroduction: Historical and Methodological Context. Membrane Characterization and Partition to Membranes. Nucleic Acids and Proteins: Stability and Their Interactions with Ligands. Calorimetry as a Tool in Applied Fields.

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Book SynopsisI Diffraction and Imaging of Elastically Scattered Electrons.- 1. Basic Kinematic Electron Diffraction.- 2. Dynamic Elastic Electron Scattering I: Bloch Wave Theory.- 3. Dynamic Elastic Electron Scattering II: Multislice Theory.- 4. Dynamic Elastic Electron Scattering III: Other Approaches.- 5. Diffraction and Imaging of Reflected High-Energy Electrons from Bulk Crystal Surfaces.- II Diffraction and Imaging of Inelastically Scattered Electrons.- 6. Inelastic Excitations and Absorption Effect in Electron Diffraction.- 7. Semiclassical Theory of Thermal Diffuse Scattering.- 8. Dynamic Inelastic Electron Scattering I: Bloch Wave Theory.- 9. Reciprocity in Electron Diffraction and Imaging.- 10. Dynamic Inelastic Electron Scattering II: Green's Function Theory.- 11. Dynamic Inelastic Electron Scattering III: Multislice Theory.- 12. Dynamic Inelastic Electron Scattering IV: Modified Multislice Theory.- 13. Inelastic Scattering in High-Resolution Transmission Electron Imaging.- 14. Multiple ITrade Review`This is an excellent and comprehensive book describing the theory of the elastic and inelastic scattering of the electrons by crystals....This book fills a gap in the existing books on electron microscopy because it discusses in considerable depth inelastic scattering in electron diffraction and microscopy...very useful both as a textbook and as a reference book....comprehensive and right up to date...suitable for scientists ranging from research students to real experts in the field.' Journal of Microscopy `Without question this book, particularly the treatment of inelastic scattering, is a noteworthy achievement and a valuable contribution to the literature.' American Scientist Table of ContentsIntroduction. Symbols and Definitions. Diffraction and Imaging of Elastically Scattered Electrons: Basic Kinematical Electron Diffraction. Dynamical Elastic Electron Scattering I: Bloch Wave Theory. Dynamical Elastic Electron Scattering II: Multislice Theory. Dynamical Elastic Electron Scattering III: Other Approaches. Diffraction and Imaging of Reflected Highenergy Electrons from Bulk Crystal Surfaces. Diffraction and Imaging of Inelastically Scattered Electrons: Inelastic Excitations and 'Absorption' Effect in Electron Diffraction. Semiclassical Theory of Thermal Diffuse Scattering. Dynamical Inelastic Electron Scattering I: Bloch Wave Theory. Reciprocity in Electron Diffraction and Imaging. Dynamical Inelastic Electron Scattering II: Green's Function Theory. Dynamical Inelastic Electron Scattering III: Multislice Theory. Dynamical Inelastic Electron Scattering IV: Modified Multislice Theory. Inelastic Scattering in Highresolution Transmission Electron Imaging. Multiple Inelastic Electron Scattering. Inelastic Excitation of Crystals in Thermal Equilibrium with Environment. Appendixes. Index.

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Book SynopsisFrom Antiquity to George Corner.- From Antiquity to George Corner.- The Past Five Decades.- Technological Breakthroughs.- Normal Physiology.- Pathophysiology: The Anovulatory Woman.- Therapeutic Developments.Table of ContentsFrom Antiquity to George Corner.- From Antiquity to George Corner.- The Past Five Decades.- Technological Breakthroughs.- Normal Physiology.- Pathophysiology: The Anovulatory Woman.- Therapeutic Developments.

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Book SynopsisVector Analysis.- Sources and Fields.- Bioelectric Potentials.- Channels.- Action Potentials.- Impulse Propagation.- Electrical Stimulation.- Extracellular Fields.- Cardiac Electrophysiology.- The Neuromuscular Junction.- Skeletal Muscle.- Functional Electrical Stimulation.- Exercises.Trade ReviewPraise for Previous Editions:"This fine text, by two well-known bioengineering professors at Duke University, is an introduction to electrophysiology aimed at engineering students. Most of its chapters cover basic topics in electrophysiology: the electrical properties of the cell membrane, action potentials, cable theory, the neuromuscular junction, extracellular fields, and cardiac electrophysiology. The authors discuss many topics that are central to biophysics and bioengineering [and] the quantitative methods [they] teach will surely be productive in the future." IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology "The authors’ goal in producing this book was to provide an introductory text to electrophysiology, based on a quantitative approach. In attempting to achieve this goal, therefore, the authors have opened the book with a useful, and digestible, introduction to various aspects of the mathematics relevant to this field, including vectors, introduction to Laplace, Gauss’s theorem, and Green’s theorem. This book will be useful for students in medical physics and biomedical engineering wishing to enter the field of electrophysiological investigation. It will also be helpful for biologists and physiologists who wish to understand the mathematical treatment of the processes and signals at the center of the interesting interdisciplinary field." Medical and Biomedical Engineering and ComputingTable of ContentsVector Analysis.- Sources and Fields.- Bioelectric Potentials.- Channels.- Action Potentials.- Impulse Propagation.- Electrical Stimulation.- Extracellular Fields.- Cardiac Electrophysiology.- The Neuromuscular Junction.- Skeletal Muscle.- Functional Electrical Stimulation.- Exercises.

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Book SynopsisA revolutionary and hopeful account of Earth not simply as an inanimate planet on which life evolved but as a planet which came to life.

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Book SynopsisWhy are we alive? Most things in the universe aren't. And if you trace the evolutionary history of plants and animals back far enough, you will find that, at some point, neither were we. Scientists have wrestled with this problem for centuries, and no one has been able to offer a credible theory. But in 2013, at just 30 years old, biophysicist Jeremy England published a paper that has utterly upended the ongoing study of life's origins. In Every Life Is on Fire, he describes, for the first time, his highly publicized theory known as dissipative adaptation. In any disordered system, matter clumps together and breaks apart, mostly randomly, without consequence. But some of the clumps that form are momentarily better at doing one specific job: dissipating energy. These structures are less likely to fall apart. Over time, they become better at both withstanding the disorder surrounding them and creating copies of themselves. From this deep insight, grounded in thermodynamics, England is able to isolate the emergence of the first life-like behaviors. Scientists have always thought that life began as a stroke of spectacular luck. But in fact, life may be inevitable, a product of the iron physical laws of the universe.England is both a world-class physicist and an ordained rabbi, and so his enquiry doesn't end with the physics of life. We ask questions like "How did life begin?" not just for the fun of scientific inquiry, but because we want a deeper understanding of who we are and why we're here. Even if physics can explain how life-like behaviors emerged, England doubts that reducing life down to the energy flows of a bunch of microscopic particles can ever give us a satisfying answer to what it means to be alive?. He believes that life is fundamentally a philosophical distinction, not a natural one. So before we can seriously look for life's physical origins, we must first make basic choices about what we think life means. This is something researchers often fail to recognize, and it is why, throughout In Every Life Is on Fire, England informs the premises of his theory with a careful exploration of what life is for.For anyone who reads this book, no matter their creed, In Every Life Is On Fire offers a rare work of popular science that explores not just what science does, but how it imbues our lives with meaning.

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Book SynopsisDefined as, “The science about the development of an embryo from the fertilization of the ovum to the fetus stage,” embryology has been a mainstay at universities throughout the world for many years. Throughout the last century, embryology became overshadowed by experimental-based genetics and cell biology, transforming the field into developmental biology, which replaced embryology in Biology departments in many universities. Major contributions in this young century in the fields of molecular biology, biochemistry and genomics were integrated with both embryology and developmental biology to provide an understanding of the molecular portrait of a “development cell.” That new integrated approach is known as stem-cell biology; it is an understanding of the embryology and development together at the molecular level using engineering, imaging and cell culture principles, and it is at the heart of this seminal book. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine: From Molecular Embryology to Tissue Engineering is completely devoted to the basic developmental, cellular and molecular biological aspects of stem cells as well as their clinical applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. It focuses on the basic biology of embryonic and cancer cells plus their key involvement in self-renewal, muscle repair, epigenetic processes, and therapeutic applications. In addition, it covers other key relevant topics such as nuclear reprogramming induced pluripotency and stem cell culture techniques using novel biomaterials. A thorough introduction to stem-cell biology, this reference is aimed at graduate students, post-docs, and professors as well as executives and scientists in biotech and pharmaceutical companies.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:“The Introduction by the two editors is clearly telling the aim of such a bible, to cover from the basic aspects of molecular embriology dealing with the stemness cellular capacity … till the new challenging opportunities of tissue engineering. I think the price of the book (€ 170) is worthy enough for what the reader will get. … a book with all the figures in colour, this is a great help while looking at cytology, histology or entangled graphs!” (Carlo Alberto Redi, European Journal of Histochemistry, Vol. 55, 2011)Table of ContentsSection 1: Stem Cell Biology.- Introduction to Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine.- Embryonic Stem Cells: Discovery, Development, and Current Trends.- Bmi1 in self-renewal and homeostasis of pancreas.- Cancer Stem Cells in Solid Tumors.- Adipose-derived stem cells and skeletal muscle repair.- Regeneration of sensory cells of adult mammalian inner ear.- Stem Cells and Their Use in Skeletal Tissue Repair.- Section 2: Epigenetic and microRNA Regulation in Stem Cells.- Epigenetic identity in cancer stem cells.- Function of MicroRNA-145 in Human Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency.- Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Liver Regeneration.- Section 3: Stem Cells for Therapeutic Applications.- The Role of Time-Lapse Microscopy in Stem Cell Research and Therapy.- Therapeutic applications of mesenchymal stem/multipotent stromal cells.- Gastrointestinal stem cells.- Lung epithelial stem cells.- Placental Derived Stem Cells, Potential Clinical Applications.- Bone Marrow Cell Therapy for Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Clinical Trial Review.- Stem cell Transplantation to the Heart.- Adult Neural Progenitor Cells and Cell Replacement Therapy for Huntington’s Disease.- Migration of Transplanted Neural Stem Cells in Experimental Models of Neurodegenerative Diseases.- Prospects for neural stem cell therapy of Alzheimer’s disease.- Section 4: Nuclear Reprogramming and induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.- Nuclear transfer ES cells as a new tool for basic biology.- Pluripotent stem cells in reproductive medicine: Formation of the human germ line in vitro.- Prospects for Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Therapy for Diabetes.- Keratinocyte induced pluripotent stem cells: from hair to where?.- Generation and Characterization of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Pig.- Induced pluripotent stem cells, on the road toward clinical applications.- Direct reprogramming of human neural stem cells by the single transcription factor Oct 4.- Section 5: Tissue Engineering.- Stem cells and biomaterials: the tissue engineering approach.- Micro-technology for stem cell culture.- Using Lab-on-A-Chip Technologies for Stem cell Biology.- The Development of Small Molecules and Growth Supplements to Control the Differentiation of Stem Cells and the Formation of Neural Tissues.- Long-term propagation of neural stem cells: Focus on 3D culture systems and mitogenic factors.- Section 6: Regenerative Medicine.- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine in Urology.- Muscle derived stem cells: a model for stem cell therapy in regenerative medicine.- Regenerative strategies for cardiac disease.- Collecting, Processing, Banking and Use of Cord Blood Stem Cells for Regenerative Medicine.

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Book SynopsisWhat is everything made of? How do things change and how do they work? What is life? In The Nature of Nature, visionary scientist Irv Dardik tackles these questions by introducing his discovery of SuperWaves, a singular wave phenomenon whose design generates what we experience as matter, space, time, motion, energy, and order and chaos. Simply put, the SuperWaves principle states that the fundamental stuff of nature is waves—waves waving within waves, to be exact. Dardik challenges the rationality of accepting a priori that the universe is made of discrete particles. Instead, by drawing from his own discovery of a unique wave behavior and combining it with scientific facts, he shows that every single thing in existence—from quantum particles to entire galaxies—is waves waving in the unique pattern he calls SuperWaves. The discovery of SuperWaves and the ideas behind it, while profound, can be intuitively grasped by every reader, whether scientist or layperson. Touching on everything from quantum physics to gravity, to emergent complexity and thermodynamics, to the origins of health and disease, it shows that our health, and the health of the environment and civilization, depend upon our understanding SuperWaves. The Nature of Nature is an absorbing account that combines Dardik’s contrarian look at the history of science with philosophical discussion, his own groundbreaking research, and hope for the future.

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Book SynopsisThe idea of a neutrino was derived from experiments demonstrating continuous beta decay spectra and, at the same time, it resolved problems that had arisen in the determination of nuclear constituents. The unusual features of the neutron, especially its disintegration, led to the introduction and subsequent detection of a new particle, the neutrino. In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the discovery, detection and new developments in neutrinos. Topics include the way to a deterministic tachyon model of neutrino; neutrino emissivity and light species; and the magnetic moment and electric dipole moment of Tau-neutrinos.

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Book SynopsisPreface; Ozonation of Hydrocarbons; Synthesis & Investigation Properties of Epoxy Containing Compounds & Composite Materials on their Basis; Biodegradable Binary & Ternary Blends of Cellulose & Ethyl Cellulose with Synthetic & Natural Polymers; Hydrosilylation Reactions of Polymethylhydrosiloxane with Acrylates & Methacrylates & Solid Polymer Electrolyte Membranes on their Basis; Biodetoxication of Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Aqueous Media; Modern Immunochemical & Biosensor Technologies for Analysis of Environmental Ecotoxicants; Poly (3-Hydroxybutyrate) with Ethylene-Propylene Copolymer Blends: Structure & Calorimetry Properties; Adaptogens Decrease the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species by Mitochondria; Quantum-Chemical Calculation of Some Molecules Aromatic Olefines by the Method MNDO; Formation of Ozonides & their Stability in the Process of Unsaturated Polymers In Latex; Structures (Monomer & Dimer) of Sodium & Potassium 2-(N-Methylamide)-2-(3'',5''-Di-Tert.Butyl-4-Hydroxybenzyl)-Malonates & Biological Properties; Reaction of Ozone with Some Oxygen-Containing Organic Compounds; Enhanced Oil Recovery Using Binary Mixture (BM) Reaction Products as an Alternative to Increasing Reservoir Water Content; Assessment of the Potential of Enhanced Oil Recovery from Reservoirs with High Water Content Using the Heat of Nitrate Oxidation Reactions & In Situ Hydrocarbon Oxidation; Blends of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) with an Ethylene-Propylene Copolymer; Kinetics of Photoinitiated Copolymerization of Bifunctional (Meth)Acrylates till High Conversion: Numerical Verification of Kinetic Model of the Process; Degradation of Films Based on Mixtures of Vinyl Alcohol with Vinyl Acetate Copolymers & Polyhydroxybutyrate under UV-Radiation; Nanofibrous Polyhydroxybutyrate-Based Biomaterials; Influence of Aminoalkoxy- & Glycidoxyalkoxysilanes on Adhesion Characteristics of Ethylene Copolymers; The Study of Influence of Dihydroquercetin & Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex with the New Dihydroquercetin Derivative on Ozone Oxidation of Fibrinogen; Challenges & Development Perspectives on Nanopatterned Implants Loaded with Drugs; The Structural Analysis of Nanocomposites Polymer/Organoclay Flame-Resistance; The Regularity of Cracks Formation on Vulcanized Elastomers under Ozone Action: Polyisoprene; The Evaluation of Efficiency of Deposition of Dispersed Particles in Inertial Dust Separator; Comparative Evaluation of Viability of Cells of Probiotic Strains by Luminescence Microscopy & Flow Cytometry; The Interrelation Structure & Thermodynamic Properties in the Five-Membered O- & N-Heterocyclic Compounds; Thermodynamic Properties & Structure of Heteroatom Derivatives of Indene; Development of Thermoplastic Vulcanizates Based on Isotactic Polypropylene & Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Elastomer; Conclusion; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis is the fascinating theory from author and futurist Byron Reese, who calls this human superorganism “Agora.” In We Are Agora, Reese starts by asking the question, “What is life and how did it form?” From there, he looks at how multicellular life came about, how consciousness emerged, and looks at other superorganisms in nature to figure out how they form. Then, Reese poses eight big questions based on the Agora theory, including: If ants have colonies, bees have hives, and we have our bodies, how does Agora manifest itself? Does it have a body? Can Agora explain things that happen that are both under our control and near universally undesirable, such as war? How can Agora theory explain long-term progress we’ve made in the world? In this unique and ambitious work that spans all of human history and looks boldly into its future, Reese melds science and history to look at the human species from a fresh new perspective. Told with his characteristic wit and compulsive readability, We Are Agora will give readers a better understanding of where we’ve been, where we’re going, and how our fates are intertwined.

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Book SynopsisThe technique of Quasi-Elastic Neutron Scattering (QENS) is a powerful experimental tool for extracting temporal and spatial information at the nanoscale from both soft and hard condensed matter systems. However, while seemingly simple, the method is beset with sensitivities that, if ill considered, can hinder data interpretation and possibly publication. By highlighting key theoretical and data evaluation aspects of the technique, this specialised ‘primer style’ training resource encourages research success by guiding new researchers through a typical QENS experiment; from planning and sample preparation considerations to data reduction and subsequent analysis. Research examples are referenced throughout to illustrate the concepts addressed, with the book being written in such a way that it remains accessible to chemists, biologists, physicists, and materials scientists.Table of ContentsIf You Read Nothing Else...; What is QUENS?; Which Spectrometer Should I Choose?; Facility Access; The Measurement; Data Reduction; Elastic and Inelastic Fixed Window Scans; S(Q,ω) and I(Q,t); And Finally

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Book Synopsis''What a multi-sensory pleasure in learning! I will be a better teacher and better clinician using what I am learning from this book.'' Carol M Davis DPT, EdD, MS, FAPTAThe emerging science of biotensegrity provides a fresh context for re-thinking our understanding of human movement, but its complexities can be formidable. Bodywork and movement professionals looking for an accessible and relevant guide to the concept and application of biotensegrity need look no further than Everything Moves: How biotensegrity informs human movement.In order to work with our own bodies and the bodies of our students, clients and teams most effectively, we need to understand the nature of our human structure. Everything Moves offers the enquiring bodyworker or movement professional, who wants to take their understanding of how to apply biotensegrity in their work to the next level, a practical and relatable guide to the biotensegral nature of our bodies, in which all of the parts are one, yet all are constantly changing.Throughout Everything Moves, concepts and ideas are presented with activities and exercises to make them tangible, accessible and applicable. The material presented is suitable for coaches and movement teachers new to biotensegrity, as well as those with more advanced levels of understanding.Whether your focus is performance, sports, Alexander Technique, Feldenkrais, yoga, Pilates, martial arts, or dance, any arena in which bodies move can be informed by Everything Moves!

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Book SynopsisSeeking Symmetry: Finding patterns in human health offers a guide through the overwhelming mass of data generated by contemporary science. Starved for the knowledge that would best help us stay healthy, we are simultaneously glutted with an overload of information about the human body. Amidst ubiquitous talk that patient-centred care and lifestyle changes are the keys to personal health, self-neglect and medical overtreatment nevertheless prevail.The body is rich with symmetries, many of them unknown to us who live in these bodies. Symmetry-seeking reveals certain patterns for understanding the information we have about the body, patterns whose roots lie in embryonic development and in evolution.The book''s exploration will guide readers through the parts of their own bodies and introduce tangible, visible examples of symmetry, not only right and left but up and down, male and female, inside and out, as well as symmetries between humans and other species.It presents the symmetries of the body''s internal structures that, despite their complexity, are nevertheless simple to understand when viewed with an eye for pattern.Through both words and images, this book will illustrate the most foundational of the principles, structures, and processes that decide how bodies function.A core purpose of the book is to present this knowledge through a lens that makes the information meaningful, by modelling the habit of symmetry-seeking.

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Book SynopsisWhat exactly made the earth round? How do boomerangs turn around mid-air? And why do cats always land on their feet? “A basic scientific concept receives long overdue attention” (Kirkus Reviews) in this “fascinating” (Wall Street Journal) new book from the masterful author of The Age of Wood. From the solar system to spinning tops, hurricanes to hula hoops, power plants to pendulums, one mysterious force shapes almost every aspect of our lives: spin. Despite its ubiquity, rotational force continues to baffle and surprise, and few people realize how it makes our planet habitable or how it has been tamed by engineers to make our lives more comfortable. Charting the development of engineering and technology from the earliest prehistoric drills to the gas turbine, critically acclaimed author and scientist Roland Ennos presents a riveting account of human ingenuity and the seemingly infinite ways spin affects our daily lives. He also shows how this new approach not only helps us better understand the world but also ourselves. After all, even our own bodies are complex systems of rotating joints and levers. Artfully moving between astrophysics and anthropology, The Science of Spin shows how, whether natural or engineered, spin is really what makes the world go round.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides readers with the necessary background information and advanced concepts in the field of circuits, at the crossroads between physics, mathematics and system theory. It covers various engineering subfields, such as electrical devices and circuits, and their electronic counterparts. Based on the idea that a modern university course should provide students with conceptual tools to understand the behavior of both linear and nonlinear circuits, to approach current problems posed by new, cutting-edge devices and to address future developments and challenges, the book places equal emphasis on linear and nonlinear, two‐terminal and multi‐terminal, as well as active and passive circuit components. This second volume focuses on dynamical circuits, which are characterized by time evolution and by the concept of state. The content is divided into a set of introductory and a set of advanced‐level topics, mirroring the approach used in the previously published volume. Whenever possible, circuits are compared to physical systems of different natures (e.g. mechanical or biological) that exhibit the same dynamical behavior. The book also features a wealth of examples and numerous solved problems. Further topics, such as a more general framing of linear and nonlinear components, will be discussed in volume 3. Trade Review“This is volume 2 of a basic book on linear and nonlinear circuits for undergraduate electrical engineering students.” (Wai-Kai Chen, zbMATH 1492.94002, 2022)Table of ContentsBasic concepts: two-terminal linear elements with memory and first-order linear circuits.- Advanced concepts: first-order nonlinear circuits.- Basic concepts: linear two-ports with memory and higher-order linear circuits.- Advanced concepts: Higher-order nonlinear circuits – State equations and equilibrium points.- Basic concepts: Analysis of LTI circuits in sinusoidal steady state.- Advanced concepts: Analysis of nonlinear oscillators.

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Book SynopsisThis comprehensive and extensively classroom-tested biophysics textbook is a complete introduction to the physical principles underlying biological processes and their applications to the life sciences and medicine. The foundations of natural processes are placed on a firm footing before showing how their consequences can be explored in a wide range of biosystems. The goal is to develop the readers’ intuition, understanding, and facility for creative analysis that are frequently required to grapple with problems involving complex living organisms. Topics cover all scales, encompassing the application of statics, fluid dynamics, acoustics, electromagnetism, light, radiation physics, thermodynamics, statistical physics, quantum biophysics, and theories of information, ordering, and evolutionary optimization to biological processes and bio-relevant technological implementations. Sound modeling principles are emphasized throughout, placing all the concepts within a rigorous framework. With numerous worked examples and exercises to test and enhance the reader’s understanding, this book can be used as a textbook for physics graduate students and as a supplementary text for a range of premedical, biomedical, and biophysics courses at the undergraduate and graduate levels. It will also be a useful reference for biologists, physicists, medical researchers, and medical device engineers who want to work from first principles.Table of ContentsChapter1: Introduction: The Nature of Biophysics.- Chapter2: The Kinds of Ordinary Materials.- Chapter3: Mechanical Aspects of Biosystems.- Chapter4: Fluid Mechanics Applied to Biosystems.- Chapter5: Acoustics in Biology and Medicine.- Chapter6: Electric and Magnetic Fields in Life.- Chapter7: Light in Biology and Medicine.- Chapter8: Ionizing Radiation and Life.- Chapter9: Bioenergetics.- Chapter10: The Statistical Basis of Bioenergetics.- Chapter11: Biomolecular Structure and Interactions.- Chapter12: Entropy and Information in Biology.- Chapter13: Modeling Biological Systems.- Chapter14: Neural Networks and Brains.- Chapter15: Ordering Theory.- Chapter16: Energy Flow in the Production of Order.- Chapter17: Life in the Universe.- Chapter18: Future Developments.

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Book SynopsisBlending up-to-date biomechanical knowledge with professional application knowledge, this second edition presents a clear, conceptual approach to understanding biomechanics within the context of the qualitative analysis of human movement. It develops nine principles of biomechanics, which provide an applied structure for biomechanical concepts, and the application of each principle is fully explored in several chapters. The book also offers real-world examples of the application of biomechanics, which emphasize how biomechanics is integrated with the other subdisciplines of kinesiology to contribute to qualitative analysis of human movement.Table of ContentsPart I: Introduction1. Introduction to Biomechanics of Human Movement2. Fundamentals of Biomechanics and Qualitative AnalysisPart II: Biological/Structural Bases3. Anatomical Description and Its Limitations4. Mechanics of the Musculoskeletal SystemPart III: Mechanical Bases5. Linear and Angular Kinematics6. Linear Kinetics7. Angular Kinetics8. Fluid MechanicsPart IV: Applications of Biomechanics in Qualitative Analysis9. Applying Biomechanics in Physical Education10. Applying Biomechanics in Coaching11. Applying Biomechanics in Strength and Conditioning12. Applying Biomechanics in Sports Medicine and RehabilitationAppendicesIndex

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Book SynopsisThis new book consolidates the current knowledge of lower extremity biomechanics and pathomechanics and makes this information relevant to the study of common foot and ankle pathologies. The content is presented in a language and format that allows the clinician to review current evidence explaining the etiology of these disorders in order to formulate effective treatment interventions. In order to understand pathomechanics, the clinician must also become versed in the normal, healthy biomechanics of the lower extremity. A review of gait, muscle function and forces acting on the lower extremities during physical activity will be the focus of the first part of this book. The second part of the book will study the common, challenging pathologies treated on a daily basis by foot and ankle clinicians: hallux abducto valgus, hallux rigidus, metatarsalgia, digital deformities, adult acquired flatfoot, and plantar heel pain. These chapters discuss all the relevant factors contributing to these conditions, evaluating and exposing myths and misconceptions about the pathomechanics and treatments of these conditions. For each disorder, a comprehensive review of published research provides a foundation for an updated, valid description of etiology and risk factors. Providing a fresh approach to lower extremity pathomechanics and management strategies, Pathomechanics of Common Foot Disorders is a valuable resource for podiatrists and orthopedic foot and ankle surgeons at all levels. Table of ContentsPreface Chapter 1: Comparative Anatomy and Introduction to the Twisted Plate Mechanism Chapter 2: Human Walking: The Gait Cycle Chapter 3: Motion of the Foot: Joints, Muscles and Sensorimotor Control Chapter 4: Disorders of the First Ray: Part 1: Hallux Abductovalgus Deformity Chapter 5: Disorders of the First Ray: Part 2: Hypermobility, Functional Hallux Limitus and Hallux Rigidus Chapter 6: Metatarsalgia and Digital Deformities Chapter 7: Adult Acquired Flatfoot Chapter 8: Plantar Heel Pain

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Book SynopsisMechanics of Biological Systems & Micro-and Nanomechanics, Volume 5 of the Proceedings of the 2020 SEM Annual Conference & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the fifth volume of seven from the Conference, brings together contributions to important areas of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on a wide range of topics, including:Cell Mechanics & Traumatic Brain InjuryMicromechanical TestingAdhesion and FractureMEMS Devices and TechnologyNano-scale Deformation Mechanisms1D & 2D MaterialsTribology & WearResearch and Applications in ProgressTable of ContentsChapter 1. Determination of Texture Properties of White Long Turnip Flesh.- Chapter 2. Impact Testing of a Commercial Poly-Lactic Acid.- Chapter 3. Underwater Explosion Gas Bubble Collapse in the Vicinity of a Rigid Boundary.- Chapter 4. Optimization for Improved Energy Absorption and the Effect of Density Gradation in Cellular Materials.- Chapter 5. Quantifying Ultrasonic Deformation of Cell Membranes with Ultra-High Speed Imaging.- Chapter 6. A Mathematical Model of Nitric Oxide Mechanotransduction in Brain.- Chapter 7. Evaluating the Application 0f DIC on Heartbeat Detection by Using a Self-Developed Artery Vessel Simulator.- Chapter 8. Measuring Strain Distribution of Knee Cartilage Using Digital Volume Correlation.- Chapter 9. Characterization of Shear Band Nucleation and Propagation in Bulk Metallic Glasses.- Chapter 10. Suppression of Parkisonian Hand Tremors.- Chapter 11. Biomechanical Testing of Human Red Blood Cells Under Controlled Oxygen Tension.- Chapter 12. High Speed Holographic Shape and Vibration Measurement of the Semi-transparent Tympanic Membrane.- Chapter 13. Adhesion Index- A Novel Bio-compatibility Assessment Standard for Medical Devices.- Chapter 14. Evaluate the Fidelity of Synthetic Tissues Used in Escharotomy Simulators.- Chapter 15. Bacterial Cell Wall Glycopolymers Affect Polymer Chain Alignment and Mechanics of Streptococcus mutans.- Chapter 16. Characterization of Reversible Tablet Sliding In Nacre From Haliotis Rufescens (Red Abalone).- Chapter 17. Failure of Three-Tab Shingle System Subjected to Wind Gusts up to 150 MPH – A DIC Based Study.- Chapter 18. Design and Rapid Prototyping of Fiber Optic-Based Micro-Force Sensors by Two-Photon Polymerization.- Chapter 19. Experimental study of shear and tensile properties of LIGA Ni-Fe and Ni-Co alloys at quasi-static and intermediate strain rates.

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Book SynopsisThis book illustrates how modern mathematical wavelet transform techniques offer fresh insights into the complex behavior of neural systems at different levels: from the microscopic dynamics of individual cells to the macroscopic behavior of large neural networks. It also demonstrates how and where wavelet-based mathematical tools can provide an advantage over classical approaches used in neuroscience. The authors well describe single neuron and populational neural recordings.This 2nd edition discusses novel areas and significant advances resulting from experimental techniques and computational approaches developed since 2015, and includes three new topics:• Detection of fEPSPs in multielectrode LFPs recordings.• Analysis of Visual Sensory Processing in the Brain and BCI for Human Attention Control;• Analysis and Real-time Classification of Motor-related EEG Patterns;The book is a valuable resource for neurophysiologists and physicists familiar with nonlinear dynamical systems and data processing, as well as for graduate students specializing in these and related areas.Table of ContentsMathematical Methods of Signal Processing in Neuroscience.- Brief Tour of Wavelet Theory.- Analysis of Single Neuron Recordings.- Classification of Neuronal Spikes from Extracellular Recordings.- Analysis of Gamma-Waves in Multielectrode LFP Recordings.- Wavelet Approach to the Study of Rhythmic Neuronal Activity.- Wavelet-based Approach to Epilepsy.- Analysis of Visual Sensory Processing in the Brain and Brain-Computer Interfaces for Human Attention Control.- Analysis and Real-Time Classification of Motor-related EEG and MEG Patterns.- Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisThis textbook describes the basic principles and mechanism of action of biosensor systems, and introduces readers to the various types of biosensors; from affinity biosensors to catalytic, optical and label-free biosensors, the most common systems are explained in detail. Dedicated advanced sections focus on biochips and genome sequencing methods as well as organs-on-a-chip. The textbook helps readers to understand the elementary components of biosensors, and to identify and illustrate each function in the biosensor information flow, from recognition to transduction and transmission. Furthermore, readers will receive guidance in critically analyzing published studies on biosensor research, helping them to develop appropriate concepts and independently propose their own solutions. The textbook is intended for master’s students in bioengineering, biophysics, biotechnology and pharmacology that need a solid grasp of biosensor system technologies and applications, as well as students in related medical technological fields.Table of Contents

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a step by step design approach to develop and implement an IoT system starting from sensor, interfacing to embedded processor, wireless communication, uploading measured data to cloud including data visualization along with machine learnings and artificial intelligence. The book will be extremely useful towards a hands-on approach of designing and fabricating an IoT system especially for upper undergraduate, master and PhD students, researchers, engineers and practitioners.Table of ContentsIoT System Design– The Big Picture.- Design Considerations for IoT node.- Programming Arduino for IoT System.- Bluetooth based IoT System.- Cloud Computing for IoT Systems.- Simulation based Projects on IoT Systems.

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Book SynopsisE-health is closely related with networks and telecommunications when dealing with applications of collecting or transferring medical data from distant locations for performing remote medical collaborations and diagnosis. In this book we provide an overview of the fields of image and signal processing for networked and distributed e-health applications and their supporting technologies. The book is structured in 10 chapters, starting the discussion from the lower end, that of acquisition and processing of biosignals and medical images and ending in complex virtual reality systems and techniques providing more intuitive interaction in a networked medical environment. The book also discusses networked clinical decision support systems and corresponding medical standards, WWW-based applications, medical collaborative platforms, wireless networking, and the concepts of ambient intelligence and pervasive computing in electronic healthcare systems.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Signal Processing for Telemedicine Applications.- Medical Data Encoding for Transmission.- Clinical Decision Support Systems for Remote and Commuting Clinicians.- Medical Data Coding and Standards.- Web Technologies for Networked E-Health Applications.- Distributed Collaborative Platforms for Medical Diagnosis over the Internet.- Distributed Telemedicine based on Wireless and Ad Hoc Networking.- Ambient Intelligence and Pervasive Computing for Distributed Networked E-Health Applications.- Telemedicine and Virtual Reality.

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Book SynopsisThis lecture book is intended to be an accessible and comprehensive introduction to random signal processing with an emphasis on the real-world applications of biosignals. Although the material has been written and developed primarily for advanced undergraduate biomedical engineering students it will also be of interest to engineers and interested biomedical professionals of any discipline seeking an introduction to the field. Within education, most biomedical engineering programs are aimed to provide the knowledge required of a graduate student while undergraduate programs are geared toward designing circuits and of evaluating only the cardiac signals. Very few programs teach the processes with which to evaluate brainwave, sleep, respiratory sounds, heart valve sounds, electromyograms, electro-oculograms, or random signals acquired from the body. The primary goal of this lecture book is to help the reader understand the time and frequency domain processes which may be used and to evaluate random physiological signals. A secondary goal is to learn the evaluation of actual mammalian data without spending most the time writing software programs. This publication utilizes “DADiSP”, a digital signal processing software, from the DSP Development Corporation.Table of ContentsBiomedical Engineering Signal Analysis.- System Classification.- Classification of Signals.- Basis Functions and Signal Representation.- Data Acquisition Process.- Sampling Theory and Analog-to-Digital Conversion.- Stationarity and Ergodic Random Processes.- Nonparametric Statistic and the Runs Test for Stationarity.- Correlation Functions.- Convolution.- Digital Filters.- Fourier Series: Trigonometric.- Fast Fourier Transform.- Truncation of the Infinite Fourier Transform.- Spectral Analysis.- Window Functions and Spectral Leakage.- Transfer Function Via Spectral Analysis.- Coherence Function from Spectral Analysis.- Error in Random Data Estimate Analysis (Information Is Paraphrased from Bendat & Piersol).

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Book SynopsisThis is the first in a series of short books on probability theory and random processes for biomedical engineers. This text is written as an introduction to probability theory. The goal was to prepare students, engineers and scientists at all levels of background and experience for the application of this theory to a wide variety of problems—as well as pursue these topics at a more advanced level. The approach is to present a unified treatment of the subject. There are only a few key concepts involved in the basic theory of probability theory. These key concepts are all presented in the first chapter. The second chapter introduces the topic of random variables. Later chapters simply expand upon these key ideas and extend the range of application. A considerable effort has been made to develop the theory in a logical manner—developing special mathematical skills as needed. The mathematical background required of the reader is basic knowledge of differential calculus. Every effort has been made to be consistent with commonly used notation and terminology—both within the engineering community as well as the probability and statistics literature. Biomedical engineering examples are introduced throughout the text and a large number of self-study problems are available for the reader.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Random Variables.

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Book SynopsisThis is the second in a series of three short books on probability theory and random processes for biomedical engineers. This volume focuses on expectation, standard deviation, moments, and the characteristic function. In addition, conditional expectation, conditional moments and the conditional characteristic function are also discussed. Jointly distributed random variables are described, along with joint expectation, joint moments, and the joint characteristic function. Convolution is also developed. A considerable effort has been made to develop the theory in a logical manner—developing special mathematical skills as needed. The mathematical background required of the reader is basic knowledge of differential calculus. Every effort has been made to be consistent with commonly used notation and terminology—both within the engineering community as well as the probability and statistics literature. The aim is to prepare students for the application of this theory to a wide variety of problems, as well give practicing engineers and researchers a tool to pursue these topics at a more advanced level. Pertinent biomedical engineering examples are used throughout the text.Table of ContentsExpectation.- Bivariate Random Variables.

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Book SynopsisThis is the third in a series of short books on probability theory and random processes for biomedical engineers. This book focuses on standard probability distributions commonly encountered in biomedical engineering. The exponential, Poisson and Gaussian distributions are introduced, as well as important approximations to the Bernoulli PMF and Gaussian CDF. Many important properties of jointly Gaussian random variables are presented. The primary subjects of the final chapter are methods for determining the probability distribution of a function of a random variable. We first evaluate the probability distribution of a function of one random variable using the CDF and then the PDF. Next, the probability distribution for a single random variable is determined from a function of two random variables using the CDF. Then, the joint probability distribution is found from a function of two random variables using the joint PDF and the CDF. The aim of all three books is as an introduction to probability theory. The audience includes students, engineers and researchers presenting applications of this theory to a wide variety of problems—as well as pursuing these topics at a more advanced level. The theory material is presented in a logical manner—developing special mathematical skills as needed. The mathematical background required of the reader is basic knowledge of differential calculus. Pertinent biomedical engineering examples are throughout the text. Drill problems, straightforward exercises designed to reinforce concepts and develop problem solution skills, follow most sections.Table of ContentsStandard Probability Distributions.- Transformations of Random Variables.

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Book SynopsisThis short book provides basic information about bioinstrumentation and electric circuit theory. Many biomedical instruments use a transducer or sensor to convert a signal created by the body into an electric signal. Our goal here is to develop expertise in electric circuit theory applied to bioinstrumentation. We begin with a description of variables used in circuit theory, charge, current, voltage, power and energy. Next, Kirchhoff's current and voltage laws are introduced, followed by resistance, simplifications of resistive circuits and voltage and current calculations. Circuit analysis techniques are then presented, followed by inductance and capacitance, and solutions of circuits using the differential equation method. Finally, the operational amplifier and time varying signals are introduced. This lecture is written for a student or researcher or engineer who has completed the first two years of an engineering program (i.e., 3 semesters of calculus and differential equations). A considerable effort has been made to develop the theory in a logical manner—developing special mathematical skills as needed. At the end of the short book is a wide selection of problems, ranging from simple to complex.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Basic Bioinstrumentation System.- Charge, Current, Voltage, Power and Energy.- Resistance.- Linear Network Analysis.- Thevenin’s and Norton’s Theorems.- Inductors.- Capacitors.- Inductance and Capacitance Combinations.- General Approach to Solving Circuits Involving Resistors, Capacitors and Inductors.- Operational Amplifiers.- Time-Varying Signals.- Active Analog Filters.- Bioinstrumentation Design.- Exercises.

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Book SynopsisThis book aims to provide vital information about the growing field of bionanotechnology for undergraduate and graduate students, as well as working professionals in various fields. The fundamentals of nanotechnology are covered along with several specific bionanotechnology applications, including nanobioimaging and drug delivery which is a growing $100 billions industry. The uniqueness of the field has been brought out with unparalleled lucidity; a balance between important insight into the synthetic methods of preparing stable nano-structures and medical applications driven focus educates and informs the reader on the impact of this emerging field. Critical examination of potential threats followed by a current global outlook completes the discussion. In short, the book takes you through a journey from fundamentals to frontiers of bionanotechnology so that you can understand and make informed decisions on the impact of bionano on your career and business.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- The Significance ofNano Domain.- Nano Drug Delivery.- BioNanoimaging.- Successful Applications of Bionanotechnology.- Synthesis of Gold, Titania, and Zinc Oxide.- Is Bionanotechnology a Panacea?.- Roadmap toRealization of Bionanotechnology.

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Book SynopsisThere are many books written about statistics, some brief, some detailed, some humorous, some colorful, and some quite dry. Each of these texts is designed for a specific audience. Too often, texts about statistics have been rather theoretical and intimidating for those not practicing statistical analysis on a routine basis. Thus, many engineers and scientists, who need to use statistics much more frequently than calculus or differential equations, lack sufficient knowledge of the use of statistics. The audience that is addressed in this text is the university-level biomedical engineering student who needs a bare-bones coverage of the most basic statistical analysis frequently used in biomedical engineering practice. The text introduces students to the essential vocabulary and basic concepts of probability and statistics that are required to perform the numerical summary and statistical analysis used in the biomedical field. This text is considered a starting point for important issues to consider when designing experiments, summarizing data, assuming a probability model for the data, testing hypotheses, and drawing conclusions from sampled data. A student who has completed this text should have sufficient vocabulary to read more advanced texts on statistics and further their knowledge about additional numerical analyses that are used in the biomedical engineering field but are beyond the scope of this text. This book is designed to supplement an undergraduate-level course in applied statistics, specifically in biomedical engineering. Practicing engineers who have not had formal instruction in statistics may also use this text as a simple, brief introduction to statistics used in biomedical engineering. The emphasis is on the application of statistics, the assumptions made in applying the statistical tests, the limitations of these elementary statistical methods, and the errors often committed in using statistical analysis. A number of examples from biomedical engineering research and industry practice are provided to assist the reader in understanding concepts and application. It is beneficial for the reader to have some background in the life sciences and physiology and to be familiar with basic biomedical instrumentation used in the clinical environment. Contents: Introduction / Collecting Data and Experimental Design / Data Summary and Descriptive Statistics / Assuming a Probability Model from the Sample Data / Statistical Inference / Linear Regression and Correlation Analysis / Power Analysis and Sample Size / Just the Beginning / BibliographyTable of ContentsContents: Introduction.- Collecting Data and Experimental Design.- Data Summary and Descriptive Statistics.- Assuming a Probability Model from the Sample Data.- Statistical Inference.- Linear Regression and Correlation Analysis.- Power Analysis and Sample Size.- Just the Beginning.- Bibliography.

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