Biology, life sciences Books

Book SynopsisBioactive peptides have been receiving attention recently due to their applications as health-promoting agents. Derived from food proteins and other natural sources, they exhibit various beneficial effects such as preventing diseases or modulating physiological systems once absorbed. As the market for nutraceuticals and functional foods continues to expand, consumer interest has also grown and there are many common foods that have shown an abundance of bioactive peptides, including dairy products, cereal, legumes, meat, and numerous other sources.In this newest addition to the series Nutraceuticals: Basic Research and Clinical Applications, Bioactive Peptides: Production, Bioavailability, Health Potential, and Regulatory Issues provides a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge in the field of food protein hydrolysates and bioactive peptides, their food sources, bioavailability, production, applications, functionalities, health potentials, and regulatory issues governing their use.Features Discusses different methodologies employed for scaling up bioactive peptides commercially Provides information on optimizing the production process Explains various bioactive properties exerted by different types of bioactive peptides Explores the application of metabolomics to the study of bioactive peptides With over 20 chapters written by established subject matter experts in their field, this book provides timely information and discusses the latest developments of bioactive peptides. It will be useful for researchers, academics, and industry experts, and can serve as an excellent resource for anyone interested in enhancing their knowledge in the field of bioactive peptides.

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Book SynopsisAt the frontier of modern medicine lies a revolution in drug delivery systems that operates at the scale of billionths of a meter. Nanocarriers for Nucleic Acids and Proteins presents a comprehensive exploration of these groundbreaking technologies that are reshaping therapeutic approaches across medical science.From fundamental concepts to cutting-edge applications, this comprehensive volume brings together world-class researchers to provide an in-depth examination of: Design principles and characteristics of various nanocarrier systems Advanced delivery mechanisms for nucleic acids and proteins Breakthrough applications in gene therapy and cancer immunotherapy Critical aspects of translating laboratory success to clinical implementation Featuring detailed coverage of lipid-based, polymer-based, inorganic, and bio-inspired nanocarriers, this essential resource bridges the gap between theoretical understanding and practical application. Whether you are developing new therapeutic approaches, optimizing delivery systems, or exploring the frontiers of nanomedicine, this comprehensive guide provides the insights and frameworks needed to advance your work.

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Book SynopsisTotal Synthesis of N-hydroxy cyclic peptide: Talarolide A.- Synthesis of Bicyclic Peptides Using Cyanopyridine-Aminothiol Click Chemistry.- Preparation of Peptide C-Terminal Salicylaldehyde Ester Surrogates via a Hydrazide-Based Oxidation and Phenolysis Strategy.- Novel amino-Li resin for water-based solid-phase peptide synthesis.- Generation of Oxyphosphonium Ions by Photoredox/Cobaloxime Catalysis for Scalable Amide and Peptide Synthesis in Batch and Continuous-Flow.- Solid Phase Synthesis of Peptides with Methyl and Larger Substituents on Backbone Amide Nitrogens via On-Resin Incorporation of the Substituents.- Liquid-Phase Peptide Synthesis Enabled by Electrochemical Amide Bond Formation.- Development of the efficient preparation method for thermoresponsive elastin-like peptides using liquid-phase synthesis combined with fragment condensation strategy.- Diol as a New Pantetheine Surrogate for Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Cyclic Peptides via Non-Ribosomal Peptide Cyclases.- Advancements in Micro-Bioreactor Technology: High-Throughput Cultivation and Peptide Profiling in Microbial Research.- Solution phase peptide synthesis: the case of biphalin.- A Step-by-Step Guide for Biosynthesis of Recombinant Fusion Antimicrobial Peptide and Release of the Active Peptide from Its Fusion Partner by Formic Acid Cleavage.- Solid-phase synthesis of well-defined defect lysine dendrimers.- Tips and Tricks in Reversed-Phase Flash Chromatography for Peptide Purification.- Synthesis of Caged Aminoluciferin Peptides.- Synthesis of hybrid peptide-based materials.- Synthesis of poly(amino acid)s using ring opening polymerization.- Synthesis of Sulfonopeptides.- Synthesis of Phosphonopeptides.- Inverse Peptide Synthesis Using Transient Protected Amino Acids.- Synthesis of Polymyxin-Inspired Peptidomimetics.- Optimising the synthesis of Desotamides and related cyclic antimicrobial peptides.- Photolabile Linkers for Solid-Phase Synthesis of Oligosaccharides.- Ultra-Efficient Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis.- Automated synthesis and purification of hydrophobic peptides.

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Book SynopsisBreaking Barriers: A Protocol to Investigate Intestinal Pathogen Adhesion, Invasion and Translocation Through In Vitro, In Vivo, and Imaging Technologies.- Quantitative assessment of MUC5AC and Helicobacter pylori adhesion to the gastric tissue on the model of Cavia porcellus.- Growth and Polarization of A549 Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells as a Model to Study Biofilm Formation in Acinetobacter baumannii.- Mucins as inhibitors against bacterial adhesion to epithelial cells.- Profiling of anti-glycan IgA and IgG in oral fluid using a glycan microarray.- Assays for Anti-Helicobacter pylori Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria Secretions.- Assessing the relative affinities of bacterial lectins for sugars.- Investigating bacterial invasion of highly differentiated human bronchial epithelial cell barriers.- Methods of a reproducible mouse model of Clostridioides difficile infection to investigate novel bacterial based therapies.- Purification of Type IV and Type VI lipoteichoic acids from Gram-positive mucosal pathogens via a two-step hot water-phenol/triethylammonium acetate extraction method.- Microbial lectins targeting mucus: A glycobioinformatic approach.- Exploring the O-glycomic Degradome Using Natural Mucin Libraries.- Detection of Bacterial Adhesion to Mucus Slot-Blotted on Polyvinylidene Difluoride (PVDF) Membrane.- Quantification of β-Lactamase Inhibition using a Luminescent Whole-Cell Biosensor.- Mucins and bacterial interactions.- Measuring and Analyzing Bacterial Movement in Mucus.- Adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to human outer layer airway mucins.

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Book SynopsisComputational Prediction of Protein Functional Annotations.- Machine Learning for Protein Function Prediction.- Graph Neural Network-Based Approaches for Protein Function Prediction.- Multi-Task Learning-Based Approaches for Protein Function Prediction.- A Survey of Deep Learning Methods and Tools for Protein Binding Site Prediction.- A Survey of Current Status in AI-Based Topology Prediction of Transmembrane Proteins.- NetGO 3.0: A Recent Protein Function Prediction Tool Based on Protein Language Model.- Predicting Protein Functions with Function-Aware Domain Embeddings Using Domain-PFP.- Integrating Gene Ontology Relationships for Protein Function Prediction Using PFresGO.- Annotating Genomes with DeepGO Protein Function Prediction Tools.- An Online Server for Geometry-Aware Protein Function Annotations through Predicted Structure.- Exploring Binding Sites on Proteins for Function Prediction Using the PoSSuM Databases.- Comprehensive Prediction of Protein Localization and Signal Peptides Using MULocDeep.- A Benchmarking Platform for Assessing Protein Language Models on Function-Related Prediction Tasks.- Prediction of Intrinsic Disorder Functions with DEPICTER2.- Prediction of Disordered Linear Interacting Peptides with CLIP.- Prediction of Intrinsically Disordered Lipid Binding Residues with DisoLipPred.- NaviGO: An Interactive Tool for Gene Ontology Functional Analysis with Free Text GO Summaries.- Using the MoonProt Database for Understanding Protein Functions.- Illustrative Features and Utilities of MPAD: Thermodynamic Database for Membrane Protein-Protein Complexes.

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Book SynopsisProviding a comprehensive introduction to stem cells with an emphasis on their role in craniofacial development, Stem Cells, Craniofacial Development and Regeneration details aspects of developmental biology with tissue engineering and regenerative medicine concepts.Table of ContentsContributors xi Preface xv PART I DEVELOPMENT AND REGENERATION OF CRANIOFACIAL TISSUES AND ORGANS 1 Molecular Blueprint for Craniofacial Morphogenesis and Development 3 Paul A. Trainor 2 Cranial Neural Crest Cells in Craniofacial Tissues and Organs 31 Carolina Parada and Yang Chai 3 Craniofacial Intramembranous Bone Development and Regeneration 51 David P. Rice and Ritva Rice 4 Temporomandibular Joint Development 71 Shuping Gu and YiPing Chen 5 Craniofacial Muscle Development 87 Robert G. Kelly 6 Tooth Morphogenesis and Renewal 109 Maria Jussila, Emma Juuri, and Irma Thesleff 7 Reptilian Tooth Regeneration 135 Joy M. Richman, John A. Whitlock, and John Abramyan 8 Tooth Root Development 153 Brian L. Foster, Francisco H. Nociti Jr., and Martha J. Somerman 9 Systems Biology of Early Tooth Development 179 Daniel J. O’Connell, Joshua W. K. Ho, and Richard L. Maas PART II STEM CELLS AND THEIR NICHES IN CRANIOFACIAL TISSUES 10 Stem Cells, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, and Their Differentiation to Specified Lineage Fates 205 George T.-J. Huang, Xiao-Ying Zou, Xing Yan, Kyle J. Hewitt, Yulia Shamis, and Jonathan A. Garlick 11 Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells 223 Songtao Shi and Stan Gronthos 12 Adipose Tissue–Derived Stem Cells and Their Regeneration Potential 241 Jeffrey Gimble, Maryam Rezai Rad, and Shaomian Yao 13 Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells: Their Origin and Niche Factors 259 Johannes W. Von den Hoff and Sander Grefte 14 Stem Cells in Salivary Gland Development and Regeneration 271 Isabelle M. A. Lombaert and Matthew P. Hoffman 15 Stem and Progenitor Cells of Dental and Gingival Tissue Origin 285 Christian Morsczeck, George T.-J. Huang, and Songtao Shi 16 Regulation and Differentiation Potential of Dental Mesenchymal Stem Cells 303 Lei Wang, Christian Morsczeck, Stan Gronthos, and Songtao Shi 17 An Incisive Look at Stem Cells: The Mouse Incisor as an Emerging Model for Tooth Renewal 315 Frederic Michon, Andrew H. Jheon, Kerstin Seidel, and Ophir D. Klein 18 Mesenchymal Stem Cell Niches in Rodent Tooth Pulp 329 Jifan Feng and Paul T. Sharpe PART III STEM CELL–MEDIATED CRANIOFACIAL TISSUE BIOENGINEERING 19 Bone Bioengineering: Scaffolds, Growth Factors, and Stem Cells 341 Christopher S. D. Lee, Christopher D. Hermann, Rolando Gittens, Rene Olivares-Navarrete, Zvi Schwartz, and Barbara D. Boyan 20 Craniofacial Tissue Bioengineering and Regeneration by Endogenous Stem Cells 367 Nan Jiang, Mo Chen, Chang Hun Lee, Jian Zhou, Mildred C. Embree, Kimi Kong, Choko Cho, Avital Mendelson, Ying Zheng, Hemin Nie, and Jeremy J. Mao 21 Stem Cell–Based Bioengineering of Craniofacial Bone 379 David D. Lo, Daniel T. Montoro, Monica Grova, Jeong S. Hyun, Michael T. Chung, Derrick C. Wan, and Michael T. Longaker 22 Muscle Tissue Engineering Approaches 395 Johannes W. Von den Hoff and Sander Grefte 23 Engineering of Dental Tissues: Scaffolds and Preclinical Models 409 Na Yu, Adelina Plachokova, Fang Yang, X. Frank Walboomers, and John A. Jansen 24 Whole-Tooth Engineering and Cell Sources 431 L. Keller, S. Kuchler-Bopp, and Herv´e Lesot 25 Bioengineering of Functional Teeth 447 Takashi Tsuji 26 Pulp and Dentin Regeneration 461 Misako Nakashima and George T.-J. Huang 27 Bioengineering of Roots and Periodontal Tissues 485 Songlin Wang, Gang Ding, Fulan Wei, and Yi Liu 28 Periodontal Bioengineering Strategies: The Present Status and Some Developing Trends 501 Fa-Ming Chen and Yan Jin Index 525

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Book SynopsisThe graptolites constitute one of the geologically most useful taxonomic groups of fossils for dating rock successions, understanding paleobiogeography and reconstructing plate tectonic configurations in the Lower Palaeozoic.Trade ReviewGraptolites might have lost some of their utilitarian appeal even to Palaeozoic biostratigraphers but they have gained in palaeobiological interest over the last few decades. Graptolite Paleobiology marks a useful point in graptolite studies when it is appropriate to take stock of what has been achieved. Arguably the last time this happened was in 1955 when Bulman wrote the first edition of the graptolite volume of the Treatise. Maletz and contributors are to be congratulated on pulling together such a considerable body of research, stretching back nearly 300 years, and for producing such a beautifully illustrated and informative book, which deserves a place in every geological library. It was 1735 when Linnaeus first noticed this somewhat enigmatic group of fossils. He coined the name Graptolithus, derived from the Greek via modern Latin and meaning 'written rock', although he thought that they were the fossil remains of plants. Maletz reviews the progress that has been made, especially since the early decades of the 19th Century. At that time, graptolite studies were broadly divided between a European academic tradition with a biological approach to the fossils (especially in Sweden and subsequently Poland), whereas in Britain the approach was more utilitarian and biostratigraphical. Although there was of course a more general international interest in the taxonomy and evolution of the graptolites, this progressed quite independently of any need to understand their biological affinities. Conodont research had a similar history of development. Only in the mid-20th Century did palaeobiological and biostratigraphical approaches begin to merge. As with that other group of enigmatic marine Palaeozoic fossils (conodonts), the underlying biological problem with graptolites was the zoological identity of the graptolite organism. Although microscope studies of chemically isolated specimens by Swedish palaeontologists had already presented clues as to the graptolites’ pterobranch affinity, it took another 70 years before the new technologies of scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed the true connection. Despite a diminishing number of researchers, great progress has been made across the whole range of graptolite studies in recent decades. Palaeobiology cannot stand alone without support from taxonomic and evolutionary research. As Maletz shows so clearly, all have benefited from the ability to examine chemically isolated specimens by electron microscopy both SEM and TEM. Crowther's 'breakthrough' recognition in the late 1970s of the nature and origin of cortical 'bandages' in the structure of the graptolite stipe led the way. Much of the graptolite research literature is notoriously scattered and often hard to access but Graptolite Paleobiology provides an excellent digest and is essential reading for all advanced students. (Reviewed by Douglas Palmer) "Maletz and contributors are to be congratulated on pulling together such a considerable body of research... a beautifully illustrated and informative book." (Geoscientist, March 2018)Table of ContentsList of Contributors vii Preface viii Acknowledgments x 1 Graptolites: An Introduction 1Jan Zalasiewicz and Jörg Maletz 2 Biological Affinities 15Jörg Maletz 3 Construction of Graptolite Tubaria 31Jörg Maletz, Alfred C. Lenz and Denis E. B. Bates 4 Paleoecology of the Pterobranchia 50Jörg Maletz and Denis E. B. Bates 5 Graptolites as Rock Components 76Jörg Maletz 6 Graptolites and Stratigraphy 94Jörg Maletz 7 Taxonomy and Evolution 111Jörg Maletz 8 Bound to the Sea Floor: The Benthic Graptolites 124Jörg Maletz 9 The Planktic Revolution 139Jörg Maletz 10 Early Ordovician Diversity Burst 153Jörg Maletz and Yuandong Zhang 11 The Biserial Graptolites 181Jörg Maletz 12 The Retiolitid Graptolites 207Jörg Maletz, Denis E. B. Bates, Anna Koz³owska and Alfred C. Lenz 13 The Monograptids 221Jörg Maletz 14 Collection, Preparation and Illustration of Graptolites 244Denis E. B. Bates and Jörg Maletz 15 History of Graptolite Research 254Jörg Maletz References 270 Index 311

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Book SynopsisThe relationship between infection and immunity and autophagy, a pathway of cellular homeostasis and stress response, has been a rapidly growing field of study over the last decade.Table of ContentsContributors xiii Preface xvii Acknowledgments xix 1 Autophagy and Immunity 1 Xu Liu and Daniel J. Klionsky 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Autophagy 2 1.2.1 Types of autophagy 2 1.2.2 Morphology 3 1.2.3 Molecular machinery 3 1.2.4 Physiological roles 5 1.3 Autophagy and immunity 6 1.3.1 Xenophagy: autophagic clearance of intracellular microorganisms 6 1.3.2 Autophagy and cryptides 9 1.3.3 Autophagy and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) 9 1.3.4 Autophagy and MHC antigen presentation 10 1.3.5 Autophagy regulation by immune signaling molecules 11 1.3.6 Autophagy, inflammation, and autoimmunity 11 1.4 Conclusion 12 References 12 2 Techniques for Studying Autophagy 19 Isei Tanida and Masato Koike 2.1 Introduction 19 2.2 Reagents and tools for studying autophagy 21 2.2.1 Reagents to monitor the lysosomal flux of LC3-II 21 2.2.2 Reagents that induce autophagy 21 2.2.3 Reagents and recombinant tools that inhibit autophagy 22 2.3 Detection of LC3-I and LC3-II by immunoblotting 22 2.4 Immunofluorescent analyses of endogenous LC3 23 2.5 Monitoring autophagy using fluorescent protein-tagged LC3 23 2.6 Morphological analyses of autophagosomes and autolysosomes by TEM 24 2.6.1 Reagents or stock solutions 26 2.6.2 Resin embedding of cell pellets or microbes 26 2.6.3 Resin flat embedding of cells grown on glass or plastic coverslips 27 2.7 Techniques for immunoelectron microscopy 28 References 29 3 Role of Autophagy In DNA Virus Infections in Vivo 33 Xiaonan Dong and Beth Levine 3.1 Introduction 33 3.2 In vivo interplay between autophagy and DNA viruses in plants and invertebrates 34 3.3 In vivo interplay between autophagy and DNA viruses in vertebrates 35 3.3.1 Autophagy is an essential antiviral mechanism that protects against HSV-1 in vivo 35 3.3.2 The autophagy-HBV interplay in vivo: a balance between viral exploitation and tumor suppression 40 3.3.3 Autophagy may suppress γ-herpesvirus persistent infection 42 3.4 Conclusion 43 Acknowledgments 44 References 44 4 Studying RNA Viruses and Autophagy in Vivo 49 Mehrdad Alirezaei and J. Lindsay Whitton 4.1 Introduction 49 4.2 In vivo interactions between autophagy and RNA viruses in plants and invertebrates 50 4.2.1 Plants 50 4.2.2 Invertebrates 50 4.3 In vivo Interactions between autophagy and RNA viruses in vertebrates 51 4.3.1 Togaviridae 51 4.3.2 Caliciviridae 51 4.3.3 Orthomyxoviridae 53 4.3.4 Flaviviridae 53 4.3.5 Picornaviridae 54 4.4 Conclusion 62 Acknowledgments 63 References 63 5 Autophagy and Picornavirus Infection 67 Tom Wileman, Zhigang Zhou, Matthew Whelband, Eleanor Cottam, Stephen Berryman, Terry Jackson and Rebecca Roberts 5.1 Introduction 67 5.2 Selective autophagy involves autophagy receptors with LC3-interacting domains 69 5.3 Autophagy is activated during virus infection 69 5.4 Picornaviruses and autophagy 69 5.4.1 Poliovirus 70 5.4.2 Coxsackievirus 72 5.4.3 Human enterovirus 71 73 5.4.4 Encephalomyocarditis virus 73 5.4.5 Foot-and-mouth disease virus 74 5.4.6 Human rhinoviruses 75 5.5 Caution in interpretation of induction of LC3 puncta and double-membraned vesicles in the context of autophagy 75 5.5.1 LC3 puncta 75 5.6 Conclusions and future research 77 References 78 6 Flaviviruses and Autophagy 81 Tristan X. Jordan and Glenn Randall 6.1 Introduction 81 6.1.1 Autophagy 81 6.2 Flaviviruses 83 6.3 Dengue virus 83 6.3.1 Autophagosomes as a platform for replication? 85 6.3.2 Modulation of lipid metabolism 86 6.3.3 Potential role for the autophagy-related proteins USP10 and USP13 in DENV virion maturation 87 6.3.4 Cytoprotective autophagy 88 6.3.5 The role of autophagy in an ADE model of monocyte infection 89 6.3.6 Autophagy in DENV infections in mice 89 6.4 Other Flaviviruses 90 6.4.1 Japanese encephalitis virus 90 6.4.2 Modoc virus 90 6.4.3 West Nile virus 90 6.5 Concluding remarks 92 Acknowlegments 92 References 93 7 Autophagy: A Home Remodeler for Hepatitis C Virus 101 Marine L.B. Hillaire, Elodie Décembre, and Marlène Dreux 7.1 Introduction 101 7.1.1 Autophagy 101 7.1.2 Hepatitis C virus (HCV) disease, genome and replication 103 7.2 HCV induces a proviral autophagy 111 7.3 How does HCV trigger autophagy vesicle accumulation? 111 7.4 Dynamic membrane remodeling by autophagy 113 7.5 Interlinkage of autophagy with the innate immune response 114 7.6 Autophagy and cell death 115 7.7 Removal of aberrant deposits and organelles by autophagy: implications for liver injury associated with chronic hepatitis C 116 7.7.1 Autophagy and lipid metabolism 116 7.7.2 Mitophagy and HCV persistence 117 7.8 Conclusions and future directions 118 Acknowledgments 119 References 119 8 Modulating Autophagy to Cure Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 127 Stephen A. Spector and Grant R. Campbell 8.1 Introduction 127 8.2 HIV subverts autophagy to promote its own replication 129 8.3 HIV infection inhibits autophagy during permissive infection while induction of autophagy leads to inhibition of HIV 130 8.4 HIV-induced autophagy in bystander CD4+ T cells results in cell death 130 8.5 Modulation of autophagy as a mechanism for HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment 132 8.6 How can autophagy be exploited to control and eradicate HIV? 134 Acknowledgments 137 References 138 9 Autophagy in the Infected Cell: Insights from Pathogenic Bacteria 143 Andrea Sirianni and Serge Mostowy 9.1 Introduction 143 9.2 Autophagy–bacteria interactions 143 9.2.1 Salmonella typhimurium 144 9.2.2 Mycobacterium tuberculosis 145 9.2.3 Legionella pneumophila 146 9.2.4 Listeria monocytogenes 147 9.2.5 Shigella flexneri 149 9.2.6 Mycobacterium marinum 150 9.3 Conclusions 151 Acknowledgments 151 References 152 10 Rab Proteins in Autophagy: Streptococcus Model 159 Takashi Nozawa and Ichiro Nakagawa 10.1 Introduction 159 10.2 Rab GTPase 160 10.3 Rab GTPases in starvation-induced autophagy 160 10.4 Rab localization in autophagy during Streptococcus infection 161 10.5 Involvement of Rab7 in the initial formation of GcAV 163 10.6 Requirement of Rab23 for GcAV formation 163 10.7 Facilitation by Rab9A of GcAV enlargement and lysosomal fusion 164 10.8 Conclusion and perspective 165 References 167 11 Helicobacter Pylori Infection Control by Autophagy 171 Laura K. Greenfield, Frances Dang, and Nicola L. Jones 11.1 Helicobacter pylori 171 11.2 H. pylori and evasion of host immune responses 176 11.3 Autophagy 178 11.4 Acute H. pylori infection: induction of autophagy in gastric epithelial cells 180 11.5 Chronic H. pylori infection: suppression of autophagy in gastric epithelial cells 184 11.6 H. pylori induction of autophagy in immune cells 185 11.7 Host genetics affecting autophagic clearance of H. pylori 185 11.8 H. pylori disrupted autophagy and gastric cancer 186 11.9 H. pylori therapy: is autophagy a contender? 187 11.10 Concluding remarks 188 Acknowledgments 189 References 189 12 Interactions Between Salmonella and The Autophagy System 201 Teresa L.M. Thurston and David W. Holden 12.1 Introduction 201 12.2 Salmonella’s life within the host 201 12.3 Salmonella’s survival in a harsh intracellular habitat 202 12.4 Models for studying Salmonella infection 203 12.5 Mechanisms of Salmonella autophagy 204 12.5.1 Salmonella is targeted for antibacterial autophagy 204 12.5.2 Antibacterial autophagy induction 205 12.5.3 Eat-me signals for antibacterial autophagy 206 12.5.4 Autophagy receptors provide cargo specificity 208 12.6 Autophagy of Salmonella in vivo 209 12.7 Bacterial countermeasures 210 12.7.1 Could Salmonella counteract autophagy? 210 12.7.2 Potential autophagy avoidance mechanisms 210 12.7.3 SseL deubiquitinates autophagy-targeted protein aggregates 210 12.7.4 Does Salmonella inhibit selective antibacterial autophagy? 211 12.8 Perspectives 211 References 213 13 Host Factors That Recruit Autophagy as Defense Against Toxoplasma Gondii 219 Carlos S. Subauste 13.1 Introduction 219 13.2 CD40, autophagy and lysosomal degradation of T. gondii 220 13.3 Events downstream of CD40 involved in the stimulation of autophagy 222 13.4 Relevance of autophagy during in vivo infection with T. gondii 224 13.5 IFN-γ and ATG5 in T. gondii infection 224 13.6 T. gondii manipulates host cell signaling to inhibit targeting by LC3+ structures and to maintain the nonfusogenic nature of the parasitophorous vacuole 227 13.7 Autophagy machinery within T. gondii 228 13.8 Conclusion 229 Acknowledgments 229 References 229 14 Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and The Autophagic Pathway 233 Gabriela María Recalde and María Isabel Colombo 14.1 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a pathogen that resides in a self-tailored compartment to avoid killing by the host cell 233 14.2 The ESX-1 secretion system 235 14.3 Mycobacterium marinum, a close relative that escapes and forms actin tails in the cytoplasm 235 14.4 Mycobacterium actively modulates autophagy 236 14.5 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a pathogen also able to escape toward the cytoplasm 239 14.6 Concluding remarks 240 References 241 15 Autophagy Enhances yhe Efficacy of BCG Vaccine 245Arshad Khan, Christopher R. Singh, Emily Soudani, Pearl Bakhru, Sankaralingam Saikolappan, Jeffrey D. Cirillo, N. Tony Eissa, Subramanian Dhandayuthapani and Chinnaswamy Jagannath 15.1 Introduction 246 15.2 Induction of autophagy through mTOR enhances antigen presentation via the MHC-II pathway in macrophages and dendritic cells 247 15.2.1 Rapamycin-induced autophagy enhances antigen presentation in APCs 248 15.2.2 Rapamycin and Torin1-induced autophagy enhances both antigen presentation and IL-1β secretion from BCG infected APCs 248 15.3 Intracellular mechanisms of autophagic routing of particulate BCG vaccine and secreted Ag85B into autophagosomes and enhanced MHC-II mediated antigen presentation 251 15.3.1 Overexpression of secreted Ag85B in BCG vaccine leads to aggresome formation in the cytosol of APCs 251 15.3.2 Overexpressed Ag85B from BCG vaccine forms aggresomes, which enhance antigen presentation through autophagy 251 15.3.3 Discussion: in vitro studies on autophagy and antigen presentation 253 15.4 Rapamycin activation of dendritic cells enhances efficacy of DC-BCG vaccine 255 15.4.1 Discussion 256 15.5 Rapamycin coadministration with BCG vaccine in mice enhances CD4 and CD8 T cell mediated protection against tuberculosis 256 15.5.1 Discussion 262 15.6 Conclusions 262 Acknowledgments 263 References 263 16 Autophagy’s Contribution to Innate and Adaptive Immunity: An Overview 267 Christina Bell, Michel Desjardins, Pierre Thibault and Kerstin Radtke 16.1 Autophagy: different routes to the same goal? 267 16.2 Xenophagy: it is a dog-eat-dog world 269 16.3 Autophagy and Toll-like receptors: a mutual turn-on 269 16.4 Autophagy and antigen presentation: a cry for help to clear pathogenic invaders 270 16.5 Autophagy and inflammasomes: Mutual regulation for an effective immune response 273 16.6 Cross-talk between autophagy and cytokines 273 Acknowledgments 275 References 275 17 Autophagy in Immune Responses to Viruses 279 Christophe Viret and Mathias Faure 17.1 Innate immunity against viruses 279 17.2 Autophagy in antiviral innate immunity 281 17.2.1 Virus sensing for autophagy induction 281 17.2.2 Role of autophagy in xenophagy of viruses 282 17.2.3 Role of autophagy in antiviral innate immunity signaling 283 17.3 Autophagy manipulation by viruses to resist innate immunity 285 17.3.1 Autophagy manipulation by viruses to prevent IFN-I synthesis 285 17.3.2 Viruses subvert autophagy to interfere with inflammatory responses 286 17.3.3 Autophagy and cell death during virus infection 287 17.4 Autophagy in antiviral adaptive immunity 287 17.4.1 Promotion of adaptive immune responses to viral infection by autophagy 287 17.4.2 MHC class II-restricted presentation of viral epitopes 288 17.4.3 MHC class I-restricted presentation of viral epitopes 290 17.4.4 Autophagy and cross-presentation 292 17.5 Autophagy manipulation by viruses to escape adaptive immunity 294 17.5.1 MHC class II antigen presentation pathway 294 17.5.2 MHC class I antigen presentation pathway 295 17.5.3 Autophagy and antigen-presenting cell function 295 17.6 Concluding remarks 296 Acknowledgments 296 References 297 18 Processing and MHC Presentation Of Antigens After Autophagy-Assisted Endocytosis, Exocytosis, and Cytoplasm Degradation 303 Christian Münz 18.1 Introduction 303 18.2 Substrate recognition by macroautophagy 305 18.3 Antigen processing for MHC class II presentation by macroautophagy 307 18.4 A role of macroautophagy in MHC class I antigen presentation 308 18.5 Antigen release by autophagy-assisted exocytosis 309 18.6 Autophagy-assisted phagocytosis 310 18.7 Conclusions and outlook 312 Acknowledgments 312 References 312 Index 317

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Book SynopsisOver the past 20 years the study of the frozen Arctic and Southern Oceans and sub-arctic seas has progressed at a remarkable pace. This third edition of Sea Ice gives insight into the very latest understanding of the how sea ice is formed, how we measure (and model) its extent, the biology that lives within and associated with sea ice and the effect of climate change on its distribution. How sea ice influences the oceanography of underlying waters and the influences that sea ice has on humans living in Arctic regions are also discussed. Featuring twelve new chapters, this edition follows two previous editions (2001 and 2010), and the need for this latest update exhibits just how rapidly the science of sea ice is developing. The 27 chapters are written by a team of more than 50 of the worlds' leading experts in their fields. These combine to make the book the most comprehensive introduction to the physics, chemistry, biology and geology of sea ice that there is. ThiTable of ContentsList of contributors vii Preface xi 1 Overview of sea ice growth and properties 1 Chris Petrich and Hajo Eicken 2 Sea ice thickness distribution 42 Christian Haas 3 Snow in the sea ice system: friend or foe? 65 Matthew Sturm and Robert A. Massom 4 Sea ice and sunlight 110 Donald K. Perovich 5 The sea ice–ocean boundary layer 138 Miles G. McPhee 6 The atmosphere over sea ice 160 Ola Persson and Timo Vihma 7 Sea ice and Arctic Ocean oceanography 197 Finlo Cottier, Michael Steele and Frank Nilsen 8 Oceanography and sea ice in the Southern Ocean 216 Michael P. Meredith and Mark A. Brandon 9 Methods of satellite remote sensing of sea ice 239 Gunnar Spreen and Stefan Kern 10 Gaining (and losing) Antarctic sea ice: variability, trends and mechanisms 261 Sharon Stammerjohn and Ted Maksym 11 Losing Arctic sea ice: observations of the recent decline and the long-term context 290 Walter N. Meier 12 Sea ice in Earth system models 304 Dirk Notz and Cecilia M. Bitz 13 Sea ice as a habitat for Bacteria, Archaea and viruses 326 Jody W. Deming and R. Eric Collins 14 Sea ice as a habitat for primary producers 352 Kevin R. Arrigo 15 Sea ice as a habitat for micrograzers 370 David A. Caron, Rebecca J. Gast and Marie-Ève Garneau 16 Sea ice as a habitat for macrograzers 394 Bodil A. Bluhm, Kerrie M. Swadling and Rolf Gradinger 17 Dynamics of nutrients, dissolved organic matter and exopolymers in sea ice 415 Klaus M. Meiners and Christine Michel 18 Gases in sea ice 433 Jean-Louis Tison, Bruno Delille and Stathys Papadimitriou 19 Transport and transformation of contaminants in sea ice 472 Feiyue Wang, Monika Púcko and Gary Stern 20 Numerical models of sea ice biogeochemistry 492 Martin Vancoppenolle and Letizia Tedesco 21 Arctic marine mammals and sea ice 516 Kristin L. Laidre and Eric V. Regehr 22 Antarctic marine mammals and sea ice 534 Marthán N. Bester, Horst Bornemann and Trevor McIntyre 23 A feathered perspective: the influence of sea ice on Arctic marine birds 556 Nina J. Karnovsky and Maria V. Gavrilo 24 Birds and Antarctic sea ice 570 David Ainley, Eric J. Woehler and Amelie Lescroël 25 Sea ice is our beautiful garden: indigenous perspectives on sea ice in the Arctic 583 Henry P. Huntington, Shari Gearheard, Lene Kielsen Holm, George Noongwook, Margaret Opie and Joelie Sanguya 26 Advances in palaeo sea ice estimation 600 Leanne Armand, Alexander Ferry and Amy Leventer 27 Ice in subarctic seas 630 Hermanni Kaartokallio, Mats A. Granskog, Harri Kuosa and Jouni Vainio Index 645

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Book SynopsisCytogenetic Laboratory Management Cytogenetic Laboratory Management Chromosomal, FISH and Microarray-Based Best Practices and Procedures Cytogenetic Laboratory Management: Chromosomal, FISH and Microarray-Based Best Practices and Procedures is a practical guide that describes how to develop and implement best practice processes and procedures in the genetic laboratory setting. The text first describes good laboratory practices, including quality management, design control of tests, and FDA guidelines for laboratory-developed tests, and preclinical validation study designs. The second focus of the book is on best practices for staffing and training, including cost of testing, staffing requirements, process improvement using Six Sigma techniques, training and competency guidelines, and complete training programs for cytogenetic and molecular genetic technologists. The third part of the text provides stepwise standard operating procedures for chromosomalTrade Review"From beginning to end, this book provides relevant concepts, procedures and strategies that give the reader a complete overview of good laboratory practices. In addition to providing an excellent guide for setting up a new clinical lab, Zneimer's book should be considered as a useful guide for any laboratory because it provides a wealth of practical information that can be used on a daily basis. All of the spreadsheets, guides, examples and templates in the book are useful bonus features and represent a valuable legacy of the author's extensive experience." (Phenotype June 2017)Table of ContentsDedication xiii Preface xvii Acknowledgments xix About the Companion Website v Section I: Best Practices for Laboratory Operations 1 1 Guidelines for Good Clinical Laboratory Practice 3 1.1 Physical Facilities 4 1.2 Specimen Transport and Management 5 1.3 Personnel Safety 6 1.4 Laboratory Information System (LIS) 7 1.5 Quality Management 7 1.6 Organization and Personnel 10 1.7 Laboratory Equipment 10 1.8 Testing Operating Procedures 11 1.9 Safety Plan 12 1.10 Biosafety Plan 22 1.11 Chemical Hygiene Plan 31 1.12 Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Incident Plan 55 Appendix 1.A: OSHA’s Form 300 60 Appendix 1.B: OSHA’s Form 300A 61 Appendix 1.C: Information on HMIS and NFPA Labeling Systems used in Laboratories 62 Further Reading 66 More Resources 69 HIPAA Reference 70 2 Quality Management 71 2.1 QC Program 74 2.2 Individualized QC Plan (IQCP) 80 2.3 Standards for Test Records and Reporting 81 2.4 Overview of General Culturing Issues 83 2.5 QI Program 95 2.6 Proficiency Testing 101 2.7 Inspection Preparation 110 2.8 Calibration Verification 112 Further Reading 121 3 Design Control of Tests and FDA Guidelines for Laboratory Developed Tests (LDTs) 125 3.1 Design Control of Tests 125 3.2 FDA Guideline Summary for LDTs 139 Further Reading 157 4 Preclinical Validation Studies 159 4.1 Validation Plans and Protocols 159 4.2 Validation Reports 179 4.3 Example Validation Plan and Report—Analysis of FISH Probes for Chromosome 5 Deletion and Monosomy 181 4.4 Example Validation Plan and Report for the FDA‐Approved Vysis ALK FISH Probe 192 Further Reading 206 5 Reagents, Instruments, and Equipment 209 5.1 Reagents 209 5.2 Instruments and Equipment 227 5.3 IQ, OQ, and PQ Procedures 237 5.4 Example Equipment Process Validation Protocol 245 Further Reading 250 Section II: Best Practices for Staffing and Training 253 6 Cost of Testing and Staffing Requirements 255 6.1 Labor Costs 256 6.2 Time and Cost Assessment 260 6.3 Staffing Hiring Needs 260 6.4 Staff Task Requirements 262 Further Reading 267 7 Process Improvement: Six Sigma Approach to Laboratory Improvement 269 7.1 Introduction 269 7.2 DMAIIC Tools 273 7.3 Defining the Project 274 7.4 Measuring Variables 279 7.5 Analyze Data for the Project 282 7.6 Innovate and Improve the Project 287 7.7 Controlling the Results of the Project 289 Appendix 7.A Raw Baseline Data 295 Appendix 7.B Raw Control Data 295 Further Reading 296 8 Staff Training and Competency for a Cytogenetics Laboratory 299 8.1 Technician (Nonlicensed/Certified Lab Personnel) Training and Competency 300 8.2 Technologist (Licensed/ASCP‐Certified) Training and Competency 303 8.3 General Supervisor/Manager Training and Competency 307 8.4 Cytogenetic Technical Supervisor/Director Training and Competency 310 Further Reading 316 9 Training Program for Cytogenetic and FISH Technologists 319 9.1 Training Program Overview and Objectives 320 9.2 Program Content 323 9.3 Practical Component 332 9.4 Lectures, Quizzes, and Assignments 335 9.5 Trainee Competency and Completion of the Program 335 9.6 Trainee Handbook 336 9.7 Logs, Competency Forms, and Evaluation Forms 344 Further Reading 356 10 Training Program for Molecular Genetic Technologists 357 10.1 Training Overview and Objectives 358 10.2 Program Content 361 10.3 Practical Component 367 10.4 Lectures, Quizzes, and Assignments 370 10.5 Trainee Competency and Completion of the Training Program 370 10.6 Trainee Handbook 371 10.7 Logs, Competency Forms, and Evaluations Forms 379 Further Reading 383 Section III: Standard Operating Procedures 385 11 General SOP Information by Test and Preanalytic Procedures 387 11.1 Definition of an SOP 387 11.2 Example Template for Writing an SOP 390 11.3 CAP and ACMG Guidelines for Writing SOPs 393 11.4 Preanalytic Procedures: Accessioning Specimens for all Specimen Types 396 Further Reading 402 12 Analytic Procedures: Chromosome Analysis 405 12.1 Peripheral Blood and Percutaneous Umbilical Blood Specimen for Constitutional Disorders 410 12.2 Amniotic Fluid Specimens 440 12.3 Chorionic Villus Sampling 479 12.4 Solid Tissue Samples: Tissue Biopsies and Products of Conception 505 12.5 Bone Marrow and Blood for Hematologic Malignancies 534 12.6 Lymph Nodes and Solid Tumors 565 12.7 Breakage Syndromes 592 Appendix 12.A Cytogenetics Blood Culture and Harvest Worksheet 597 Appendix 12.B Daily Harvest Log 598 Appendix 12.C Test Slide Banding Log 599 Appendix 12.D Batch Banding Log 600 Appendix 12.E Analysis Sheet 601 Appendix 12.F Prenatal Culture and Harvest Worksheet 602 Appendix 12.G Culture Failure Log 603 Appendix 12.H Amniotic Fluid Count Guidelines—for Normal and Extended Studies 604 Appendix 12.I Hematologic Culture Log 605 Appendix 12.J Specimen Setup—Hematologic Malignancies 606 Appendix 12.K Solid Tumor Culture Worksheet 607 Further Reading 608 13 Analytic Procedures: Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH) Analysis 613 13.1 General Information 613 13.2 CAP and ACMG Guidelines for Performing FISH Analyses 617 13.3 Cell Sorting for Plasma Cell Disorders for FISH Analysis 619 13.4 General Procedure for Direct Labeling of FISH Probes 624 13.5 Prenatal Multicolor Probes 641 13.6 ToTelVysion™ Multicolor DNA Probe Mixtures 654 13.7 Multicolor: Telomere, Centromere, and Paint Probes (Cytocell) 666 13.8 Microscope Analysis for Metaphase Scoring 680 13.9 Microscope Analysis for Interphase Scoring 685 13.10 Formalin‐Fixed Paraffin‐Embedded Procedure for FISH Analysis 693 13.11 HER2/ERBB2 FISH Analysis 700 13.12 UroVysion (Vysis) Bladder Cancer FISH Analysis 711 Appendix 13.Aa Constitutional FISH Probes 722 Appendix 13.Ab Hematologic FISH Assays 723 Appendix 13.B Probe Chart: Panels of Probes 724 Appendix 13.C FISH Direct Harvest Log 725 Appendix 13.D Batch Hybridization Log 726 Appendix 13.E General FISH Probe Analysis Sheet 727 Appendix 13.F FISH Probe Analysis Sheet—AML Panel 728 Appendix 13.G FISH Probe Analysis Sheet—MDS Panel 729 Appendix 13.H FISH Probe Analysis Sheet—CLL Panel 730 Appendix 13.I FISH Probe Analysis Sheet—NHL Panel 731 Appendix 13.J FISH Probe Analysis Sheet—MM Panel 732 Appendix 13.K FISH Probe Analysis Sheet—ALL Panel 733 Appendix 13.L FISH Analysis Sheet—BCR/ABL/ASS Triple Fusion 734 Appendix 13.M HER2 Analysis Sheet 735 Appendix 13.N UroVysion Analysis Sheet 736 Further Reading 736 14 Analytic Procedures: Chromosomal Microarray Analysis (CMA) 739 14.1 Test Principle 739 14.2 Comparing Conventional Chromosome Analysis, FISH Analysis and Chromosomal Microarray Analysis 741 14.3 Interpretation 745 14.4 Procedure Overview 747 Further Reading 752 15 Postanalytic Procedures 755 15.1 Reviewing and Reporting Cases for Chromosome Analysis 756 15.2 Reviewing and Reporting Cases for FISH Analysis 762 15.3 Reviewing and Reporting Cases for Microarray Analysis 765 15.4 Procedure for Avoidance and Detection of Clerical Errors Post Reporting 772 15.5 Specimen, Material and Record Retention, and Specimen Disposal 774 Appendix 15.A Record of Results Correspondence Log 778 Further Reading 779 Glossary 781 Index 811

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Book SynopsisFully revised and updated to include new topical study areas, the second edition of the successful text the Ecology of Insects provides a balanced treatment of the theory and practice of pure and applied insect ecology. Includes new topical areas of insect ecology and provides greater coverage of physiological, genetic, molecular, and ecosystem aspects of insect ecology Concepts include the foundations of evolutionary ecology and population dynamics in ecosystem science as they are applied to topics such as climate change, conservation and biodiversity, epidemiology and pest management Fully updated and revised throughout, this new edition refers to primary literature and real world examples. Trade Review"This volume is a clearly written, contemporary, and scholarly treatment of the ecology of insects, which can serve as both a classroom textbook or general reference."( The Quarterly Review of Biology , September 2009) "Eminently readable, this volume undoubtedly will be used as a course resource in many classrooms. It will prove to be invaluable reference for a wide variety of entomologists and ecologists, and should be in all libraries with significant biological holdings." (CHOICE, January 2009) "This book provides a valuable and modern overview of insect ecology with a successful combination of theoretical principles with applied aspects taking population ecology as a leading these ? .The readers will find an extensive body of information and stimulating considerations of insect ecology." (Entomologia Generalis, February 2008)Table of ContentsPreface. 1. An Overview of Insect Ecology. 2. Insects and Climate. 3. Insect Herbivores. 4. Resource Limitation. 5. Natural Enemies and Insect Population Dynamics. 6. Evolutionary Ecology. 7. Physiological Ecology. 8. Insects in Ecosystems. 9. Biodiversity. 10. Insect Conservation. 11. Insects and Diseases. 12. Insect Pest Management. References. Index

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Book SynopsisServing the needs of pigment cell biologists, cellular physiologists, developmental geneticists, researchers interested in melanoma and more, this new book showcases a blend of new technologies and new insights in the field of pigmantary genetics of mice, with comparative information on other animals. Graduate students can learn here the terminology and scope of the field, and animal fanciers can discover the genetics behind common color variants of mammals.The book is hailed for being written byfour of the premier scientists in the field. These authors aim to present the molecular /cellular work in the context of phenotype and the interacting functions of genes that direct the development and function of one biological system. For other researchers, the depth of genetic knowledge on the pigmantary system makes it a valuable model for the study of other systems.Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgments. Statement regarding the use of pictures. Statement regarding nomenclature. Part I: Introduction to the Pigmentary System. 1. Introduction to the Pigmentary System. 1.1. Introduction. 1.2. Colors of vertebrate animals. 1.3. Other pigment cells. 1.4. The epidermal melanin unit. 1.5. Mammalian hair. 1.6. Melanosome biogenesis and translocation. 1.7. Melanin. 1.8. Hair growth. 1.9. Hair growth cycles. 1.10. Embryonic development of the pigment cell lineage. 1.11. Pigment cells in culture. 1.12. Conclusion. Appendix: color loci of the mouse. Part II: The Pigmentary Loci. 2. Introduction to Mutant Pigmentary Genes. 2.1. Defects of normal melanocyte development: white spotting and graying with age. 2.2. Defects in normal melanosome development: albinism. 2.3. Transport of melanosomes to other cells: the ‘dilute’ phenotype. 2.4. Pigment-type switching: from eumelanogenesis to pheomelanogenesis. 3. White Spotting and Progressive Graying. 3.1. Definitions and general background . 3.2. Pigment cell development: developmental biology. 3.3. Cellular signaling pathways for melanocytes. 3.4. Pigment phenotypes and the classical white-spotting genes. 3.5. The head, heart, ears, and eyes. 4. ’Albinism’ and the Failure of Normal Melanosome Development. 4.1. Background. 4.2. The melanosomal matrix. 4.3. The enzymes that catalyze melanogenesis. 4.4. Membrane proteins that regulate the internal milieu of the melanosome. 4.5. Protein processing and routing to the maturing melanosome. 4.6. Melanosome transport. 5. Pigment-Type Switching. 5.1. Introduction. 5.2. Yellow phenotypes. 5.3. Melanin pigment . 5.4. Melanogenesis and the eumelanin/pheomelanin switch mechanism. 5.5. Signaling the switch mechanism at the cellular level. 5.6. Yellow genes. Part III: Technology and Resources. 6. Novel Mouse Pigmentary Mutants Generated by Genetic Manipulation. 6.1. Introduction. 6.2. Mouse transgenesis: generation of genetically engineered mice. 6.3. Coat-color transgenic mice. 6.4. The coat-color mutants generated by gene targeting. 6.5. Influence of the genetic background. 6.6. Conclusions. 7. Other Species and Other Resources. 7.1. Introduction. 7.2. Resources. 7.3. Other species. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe oil palm is the world's most valuable oil crop. Its production has increased over the decades, reaching 56 million tons in 2013, and it gives the highest yields per hectare of all oil crops. Remarkably, oil palm has remained profitable through periods of low prices.Table of ContentsPreface to the fifth edition xxiv Preface to the fourth edition xxv Preface to the third edition xxvi Preface to the second edition xxvi Preface to the first edition xxvii Acknowledgements xxix Abbreviations xxxi 1. The origin and development of the oil palm industry 1 1.1 Origin of the oil palm 1 1.2 The oil palm in Africa 3 1.3 Development of the oil palm plantation industry 4 1.4 Development of the industry since 1950 6 1.5 Development methods 22 1.6 Trade in and use of oil palm products 26 2. The classification and morphology of the oil palm 30 2.1 Classification of oil palms 30 2.2 The African oil palm, E. Guineensis Jacq 30 2.3 The American oil palm, E. Oleifera (HBK) Cortes 49 2.4 The E. Guineensis X E Oleifera hybrid 51 3. The climate of the oil palm]growing regions 53 3.1 Temperature 53 3.2 Rainfall, evaporation and water balance 55 3.3 Radiation and its effects 61 3.4 Total climate and oil palm growth 63 4. The soils of the oil palm]growing regions 68 4.1 Soil classification in the equatorial tropics 68 4.2 Soil characteristics important for the oil palm 72 4.3 Soil characteristics unfavourable for oil palm 74 4.4 Histosols and peats 77 4.5 Soils of Asia 82 4.6 Soils of Africa 84 4.7 Soils of America 86 5. Growth, flowering and yield 89 5.1 Analysis of plant growth 89 5.2 Vegetative growth and partitioning of dry matter 100 5.3 Environmental and management factors 105 5.4 Flowering 116 5.5 Yield 127 6. Selection and breeding 138 6.1 History of selection 138 6.2 Techniques used in oil palm breeding and selection 156 6.3 Variation and inheritance 173 6.4 Methods of selection and breeding 187 6.5 Selection and breeding in practice 197 6.6 Oil palm improvement in the future 206 7. Vegetative propagation and biotechnology 208 7.1 History of oil palm tissue culture 208 7.2 Tissue]culture methods 209 7.3 Abnormal flowering, bunch failure and other problems 212 7.4 Clone testing 216 7.5 The future for oil palm clonal propagation 219 7.6 Other aspects of oil palm biotechnology 220 8. Seed germination and nurseries 225 8.1 Seed germination 225 8.2 Nurseries 233 9. Site selection and land preparation 240 9.1 Digital technology and the oil palm plantation 240 9.2 Choice of site for oil palm planting 240 9.3 Plantation layout 250 9.4 Field preparation 255 9.5 Uses and covers of interrows 270 10. The establishment of oil palms in the field 275 10.1 Planting in the field 275 10.2 Shortening the immature period 278 10.3 Spacing of plants in the field 278 10.4 Practical aspects of field establishment 288 11. Care and maintenance of oil palms 290 11.1 Care of palms and plant cover 290 11.2 Field mechanisation 301 11.3 Irrigation 303 11.4 Assisted pollination 307 11.5 Fruit bunch harvesting 307 11.6 Oil extraction ratio 317 11.7 Palm age and replanting 320 11.8 Site potentials and plantation management 321 11.9 Smallholder plantations 327 12. Mineral nutrition of oil palms 329 12.1 General principles of plant nutrition 329 12.2 Palm uptake systems 336 12.3 Nutrient deficiency and its control: field experiments 344 12.4 Nutrient deficiency and its control: visual symptoms and leaf analysis 351 12.5 Soil composition and plant nutrition 360 12.6 Practical systems for fertiliser assessment 363 12.7 Recycling and losses of nutrients 383 12.8 Deficiencies and toxicities in special and unusual soils 391 12.9 Practical management of fertilisers 393 13. Diseases of the oil palm 399 13.1 Diseases of germinating seeds 399 13.2 Seedling diseases 401 13.3 Adult palm leaf diseases and disorders 404 13.4 Stem and root diseases 408 13.5 Diseases of the bud or stem apex 429 13.6 Diseases of the bunches and fruit 434 13.7 Other abnormal conditions 435 13.8 Plant quarantine 435 14. Pests of the oil palm 437 14.1 Integrated pest management 439 14.2 Nursery pests 442 14.3 Leaf pests of immature palms: African spear borer 443 14.4 Stem damage to young palms 443 14.5 Leaf pests of mature palms 447 14.6 Stem pests of mature palms 451 14.7 Root pests: Oil palm root miner 453 14.8 Pests attacking fruit and bunches 453 14.9 Mammals and birds as pests 454 14.10 Insect vectors of diseases 458 14.11 Pests of other components of the oil palm agroecosystem 458 15. The products of the oil palm and their extraction 460 15.1 Palm oil products and their chemical structure 460 15.2 Nut composition 464 15.3 Oil synthesis and breakdown in the fruit 464 15.4 Extraction of palm products 465 15.5 Further processing of oil palm products 478 15.6 Other oil palm products 480 16. Marketing, economics, end use and human health 483 16.1 Palm oil marketing 483 16.2 Production costs 485 16.3 Uses of palm oil and PKO 487 16.4 Palm oil and human health 492 16.5 Conclusions 494 17. Oil palm and climate change 495 17.1 Climate change 495 17.2 The role of oil palm in climate change 498 17.3 Effects of climate change on oil palm 505 18. Biofuels 507 18.1 Biofuel from oil palm 507 18.2 Biodiesel from palm oil 510 18.3 Politics and ethics of biofuel production 514 18.4 Conclusion 518 19. Oil palm and sustainability 519 19.1 The need for sustainability 519 19.1.1 Campaigns against palm oil 519 19.2 Oil palm expansion and deforestation 523 19.3 Biodiversity in plantations 528 19.4 Social aspects of oil palm development 530 19.5 Palm oil and food supplies 532 20. Concluding remarks 535 20.1 Future demand for palm oil 535 20.2 Future yields 535 20.3 Sustainability 536 Reference list and index of citations 537 Index 627

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Book SynopsisThis textbook presents the design and analysis of experiments that comprise the aspects of classical theory for continuous response, modern procedures for categorical response, and especially for correlated categorical response.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews of the second edition:"[This book] is a useful reference or graduate text to complement more common choices for introductory design of experiment books … the methods are logically and thoroughly developed in a rigorous, yet understandable manner. The emphasis on pharmaceutical applications throughout the book is helpful, because this continues to emerge as an important area of applications. The book would be helpful for statisticians and researchers in pharmaceutical areas once they had gained a solid understanding of the fundamentals of design of experiments." –Journal of the American Statistical Association"The second edition of this book … has been reorganized with a list of topics similar to that of the first edition, but with a revised presentation and order. … much greater emphasis now placed on the analysis aspect of design of experiments. … a useful reference book or graduate text … . The methods are logically and thoroughly developed in a rigorous, yet understandable manner. … The book would be helpful for statisticians and researchers in pharmaceutical areas … ." (Christine M. Anderson Cook, Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol. 98 (463), 2003)"This book is mostly concerned with the mathematical detail of the topics in the contents. There are a few sets of data, to illustrate the material; on these, SAS, S-PLUS or SPSS is used for analysis. … This would be an excellent book for mathematics students who take a course in statistics, or graduate statistic students … ." (N. R. Draper, Short Book Reviews, Vol. 23 (1), 2003)"Helge Toutenburg describes this text as a ‘resource/reference book which contains statistical methods used by researchers in applied areas.’ … the theory is described in a shorthand style that gets to the point without overburdening the reader with mathematical detail … . the author includes thorough discussions of generalized linear models (categorical data analysis) and repeated-measures designs. … a useful, self-contained reference for those who want a quick description of the underlying theory and practice for a large assortment of standard DOE problems." (Peter Wludyka, Technometrics, Vol. 45 (2), May, 2003)From the reviews of the third edition:“This book provides matter related to experimental designs which are of practical relevance. One can understand the subject matter without knowledge of high level mathematics. The book is suitable as a textbook for courses on experimental design in universities and institutions and as a resource book for researchers.” (B. L. Agarwal, Zentralblatt MATH, Vol. 1211, 2011)Table of ContentsComparison of Two Samples.- The Linear Regression Model.- Single#x2013;Factor Experiments with Fixed and Random Effects.- More Restrictive Designs.- Incomplete Block Designs.- Multifactor Experiments.- Models for Categorical Response Variables.- Repeated Measures Model.- Cross#x2013;Over Design.- Statistical Analysis of Incomplete Data.

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Book SynopsisPolysaccharides and related high molecular weight glycans are hugely diverse with wide application in Biotechnology and great opportunities for further exploitation. An Introduction to Polysaccharide Biotechnology a second edition of the popular original text by Tombs and Harding introduces students, researchers, clinicians and industrialists to the properties of some of the key materials involved, how these are applied, some of the economic factors concerning their production and how they are characterized for regulatory purposes.Table of ContentsPolysaccharides and their Potential for Biotechnology. Structural Polysaccharides. Storage Polysaccharides: Starch and Fructans. Marine Polysaccharides. Some Bacterial and Synthetic Polysaccharides. Vaccines, Encapsulation, Bioactivity. Regulatory Issues. Glycans. Scaffolding. Modern Applications.

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