Description
Book SynopsisOver the past 20 years the study of the frozen Arctic and Southern Oceans and sub-arctic seas has progressed at a remarkable pace. This third edition of Sea Ice gives insight into the very latest understanding of the how sea ice is formed, how we measure (and model) its extent, the biology that lives within and associated with sea ice and the effect of climate change on its distribution. How sea ice influences the oceanography of underlying waters and the influences that sea ice has on humans living in Arctic regions are also discussed.
Featuring twelve new chapters, this edition follows two previous editions (2001 and 2010), and the need for this latest update exhibits just how rapidly the science of sea ice is developing. The 27 chapters are written by a team of more than 50 of the worlds' leading experts in their fields. These combine to make the book the most comprehensive introduction to the physics, chemistry, biology and geology of sea ice that there is.
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Table of ContentsList of contributors vii
Preface xi
1 Overview of sea ice growth and properties 1
Chris Petrich and Hajo Eicken
2 Sea ice thickness distribution 42
Christian Haas
3 Snow in the sea ice system: friend or foe? 65
Matthew Sturm and Robert A. Massom
4 Sea ice and sunlight 110
Donald K. Perovich
5 The sea ice–ocean boundary layer 138
Miles G. McPhee
6 The atmosphere over sea ice 160
Ola Persson and Timo Vihma
7 Sea ice and Arctic Ocean oceanography 197
Finlo Cottier, Michael Steele and Frank Nilsen
8 Oceanography and sea ice in the Southern Ocean 216
Michael P. Meredith and Mark A. Brandon
9 Methods of satellite remote sensing of sea ice 239
Gunnar Spreen and Stefan Kern
10 Gaining (and losing) Antarctic sea ice: variability, trends and mechanisms 261
Sharon Stammerjohn and Ted Maksym
11 Losing Arctic sea ice: observations of the recent decline and the long-term context 290
Walter N. Meier
12 Sea ice in Earth system models 304
Dirk Notz and Cecilia M. Bitz
13 Sea ice as a habitat for Bacteria, Archaea and viruses 326
Jody W. Deming and R. Eric Collins
14 Sea ice as a habitat for primary producers 352
Kevin R. Arrigo
15 Sea ice as a habitat for micrograzers 370
David A. Caron, Rebecca J. Gast and Marie-Ève Garneau
16 Sea ice as a habitat for macrograzers 394
Bodil A. Bluhm, Kerrie M. Swadling and Rolf Gradinger
17 Dynamics of nutrients, dissolved organic matter and exopolymers in sea ice 415
Klaus M. Meiners and Christine Michel
18 Gases in sea ice 433
Jean-Louis Tison, Bruno Delille and Stathys Papadimitriou
19 Transport and transformation of contaminants in sea ice 472
Feiyue Wang, Monika Púcko and Gary Stern
20 Numerical models of sea ice biogeochemistry 492
Martin Vancoppenolle and Letizia Tedesco
21 Arctic marine mammals and sea ice 516
Kristin L. Laidre and Eric V. Regehr
22 Antarctic marine mammals and sea ice 534
Marthán N. Bester, Horst Bornemann and Trevor McIntyre
23 A feathered perspective: the influence of sea ice on Arctic marine birds 556
Nina J. Karnovsky and Maria V. Gavrilo
24 Birds and Antarctic sea ice 570
David Ainley, Eric J. Woehler and Amelie Lescroël
25 Sea ice is our beautiful garden: indigenous perspectives on sea ice in the Arctic 583
Henry P. Huntington, Shari Gearheard, Lene Kielsen Holm, George Noongwook, Margaret Opie and Joelie Sanguya
26 Advances in palaeo sea ice estimation 600
Leanne Armand, Alexander Ferry and Amy Leventer
27 Ice in subarctic seas 630
Hermanni Kaartokallio, Mats A. Granskog, Harri Kuosa and Jouni Vainio
Index 645
