Biochemistry Books

Book SynopsisThe book An Introduction to Drug Carriers provides a broad overview of drug carriers. Drug carriers play medically important roles in delivering drugs to pinpointed regions in biological systems. The cell hosts most of the disorders related to diseases. Therefore, the cell is also considered the main target region for most drugs. Some of the cellular compartments, especially cell-based membranes, which are geometrically constructed with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic layers/boundaries, often appear as barriers against vital candidate drugs' journey to the target regions. Besides, there are off-target structures that need to be avoided for drugs to get adsorbed. Otherwise, drugs may cause unbearable off-target binding originated toxicity, which would reduce the efficacy of the drugs. Appropriate choice of drug carriers may help specific drugs to get conjugated and be delivered to their optimal target structures. Biophysical and biochemical characterization of drug carriers concerning their role as vehicles to carry certain drugs may be obtained using engineering techniques. Manipulation in the cellular sites that cause disturbances in drug delivery is another biomedical option utilized to ensure smooth drug delivery. Various theoretical and experimental techniques are utilized to address all these issues related to drug carriers. The collected chapters written by experts in the field will help the subject matter be understood thoroughly.Table of ContentsPreface; Cell Systems as Biological Drug Carriers; Vesicles as Drug Carriers; A Significant Role of Various Polymers Conjugated with Folic Acid into Micelles as a Drug Carrier in Receptor-Targeted Drug Delivery for Breast Cancer; Emerging Applications of Drug Delivery Systems in Odontogenic Infections An Overview; Nanotechnology of Cell Membrane and Drug Delivery; Current Trends in Applications of Nanosponges: A Multifaceted Drug Carrier System.

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Book SynopsisA BIOCHEMICAL VIEW OF ANTIOXIDANTS presents research on medicinal plants and organic chemistry and relates to pharmacological applications. This book discusses antioxidants, derived from fruits and vegetables, that play a vital role in maintaining health. It forms a bridge between biology and chemistry of fruits and vegetables by studying the complex nature of antioxidants. The Biochemical View of Antioxidants consists of 45 chapters. The chapters show that food constitutes a source of many biologically active antioxidants important for health and disease prevention. The antioxidant properties of fruits and vegetables have to do with the presence of tissues with natural antioxidant compounds that protect plants from free radical damage caused by oxygen in the environment or exposure to ultraviolet radiation. According to nutritionists, the most valuable source of antioxidants are fresh fruit and vegetables and natural preparations made from them, such as juices, preserves, marmalades, jams and silage.Table of ContentsPreface; Antioxidant Properties of Wild Blueberries; Antioxidant Properties of Strawberries; Antioxidant Properties of Peaches; Antioxidants in Fruits and Wild Rose Flowers; Antioxidant Properties of Periwinkle (Vinca minor L.); Antioxidant Properties of Beta-Karotene; Oxidative Stress; Antioxidant Properties of Garlic; Antioxidant Activity of Nasturtium Flowers in Cosmetics; Antioxidant Properties of Glutation; Antioxidant Properties of Dandelion (Taraxacum Officinale); Antioxidant properties of Tricolor violet (Viola tricolor L.); Antioxidant Properties of Selenium; Antioxidant Properties of Vitamin C; Antioxidant Properties of Avocado; Antioxidant Properties of Aloe; Antioxidant Properties of Black Pepper; Antioxidant Properties of Cucumber; Antioxidant Properties of Banana; Antioxidant Properties of Catechins; Antioxidant Properties of Resveratrol; Antioxidant Properties of Pomegranate; Antioxidant Properties of Chamomile; Antioxidant Properties of Aronia Melanocarpa; Antioxidant Properties of Wild Strawberries and Blackberries; Antioxidant Properties of Curcuma; Antioxidant Properties of Garden Viola (Viola wittrockiana); Antioxidant Properties of Taxus baccata L.; Antioxidant Properties of Wild Pansy; Antioxidant Properties of Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.); Antioxidant Properties of Hollyhocks; Antioxidant Properties of Cornflower; Antioxidant Properties of Lemon Balm; Antioxidant Properties of Medical Calendula (Calendula officinalis); Antioxidative Properties of Manganium; Antioxidative Properties of Daigremonta kalanchoe; Antioxidant Properties of Garlic; Antioxidant Properties of Cocoa; Antioxidant Properties of Plum; Antioxidant Properties of Raspberries; Antioxidant Properties of Cranberry; Antioxidant Properties of Cherries; The Role of Antioxidants in Fruit of Avocado; Antioxidant Properties of Black Mallow; Antioxidant Properties of Common Comfrey (Symphytum officinale); Index.

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Book SynopsisVOLATILE OILS: PRODUCTION, COMPOSITION AND USES provides a comprehensive perspective on the pertinent aspects of volatile oils, their chemistry, and their different nutraceutical properties such as antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticarcinogenic, which can be beneficial for biochemists, chemical engineers, physicians, food and agro-technologists for the development of various products. Readers will find a deep and complete perspective regarding spices and their chemical composition. The book comprises 11 chapters which cover the various aspects of volatile oils including their historical background, their extraction methods, their chemical composition and various applications in pharmaceutical and health industries. The importance of the study of volatile oil components as "green" corrosion regulators for applications in human health with additional antimicrobial properties is also documented in the book. The use of volatile oils in dental applications is mainly linked to their antimicrobial properties, useful for preventing the infections associated with dental implants and for their ability to form polymeric nanofilms on dental implants with proven antibacterial properties. Nutraceutical and life sciences companies and R&D labs will be able to utilize the information given in this book for research and development activities related to the application of spices and proactively explore and leverage the healing, nutritive and health benefits of volatile oils. The beneficial physiological properties discussed in this book will help the pharmaceutical sector also in developing preventive measures against pathologies.Table of ContentsPreface; Extraction Methods and Chemistry of Volatile Oils (Essential Oils); Monoterpene and Sesquiterpenes from Volatile Oils: Source and Applications; Volatile Oils and Their Applications; Volatile Oils: Role in Industrial Application; Brazilian Medicinal and Aromatic Plants as a Potential Source of Volatile Oil; Some Essential Oils with Nutritional, Pharmaceutical and other Properties; The Other Vassoura Oil and Volatile Fractions from Baccharis uncinella DC: (Asteraceae) as Potential Sources for Flavor and Fragrance Industry; Health Benefits and Nutraceutical Values of Cumin and Its Essential Oil; Applications of Volatile (Essential) Oils in Human Health: Biodegradable Biomaterials; Applications of Volatile (Essential) Oils in Human Health: Cosmetic and Dental Applications; Essential Oils as Potential Antibiofilm Agents: Insights into the Key Role of Thymbra capitata to Fight Biofilm-Associated Infections; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis title includes a number of Open Access chapters. Climate change threatens our planet’s future. Since it’s too late to prevent climate change, we must find ways to prepare for it, while doing all we can to slow down the processes that are causing it. The editor of this compendium, an experienced and respected scientist in the field, has collected research vital to the challenges we are facing. The book offers a multi-perspective look at ways to reduce greenhouse gases and find fossil fuel alternatives from a truly international roster of researchers and scientists.Table of ContentsIntroduction. Part I: Climate Change Impact. Climate-Change Impact Potentials as an Alternative to Global Warming Potentials. Part II: Addressing Climate Change. Sustainable Development and Technological Impact on CO2 Reducing Conditions in Romania. Barriers to the Deployment of Low Carbon Technologies: Case Study of ArunTM 160 Solar Concentrator for Industrial Process Heat. Part III: Other Greenhouse Gases. Atmospheric Ozone and Methane in a Changing Climate. The Role of HFCs in Mitigating 21st Century Climate Change. Analysis of Thermodynamic Characteristic Changes in Direct Expansion Ground Source Heat Pump Using Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) Substituting for HFC-134a. Inventories and Scenarios of Nitrous Oxide Emissions. Part IV: Fossil Fuel Alternatives. Differences between LCA for Analysis and LCA for Policy: A Case Study on the Consequences of Allocation Choices in Bio-Energy Policies. An Improved Optimal Capacity Ratio Design Method for WSB/HPS System Based on Complementary Characteristics of Wind and Solar. Impact of the Choice of Emission Metric on Greenhouse Gas Abatement and Costs. Part V: Conclusions. A New Scenario Framework for Climate Change Research: The Concept of Shared Climate Policy Assumptions.

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Book SynopsisThis is the first comprehensive book on the biology and ecology of pufferfish, also known as blowfish, swellfish, and globefish. Covering 197 species of pufferfish recorded so far from the marine, brackish, and freshwater ecosystems of the world, this important volume expounds on the toxins and associated poisonings of pufferfish. Importantly, the volume also explores the many uses of pufferfish, such as in aquariums, for their nutritional and culinary value, and for their emerging uses in the treatment of pain.Topics covered include: biology and ecology of pufferfish profiles of the world’s marine, brackish, and freshwater pufferfish species characteristics of TTX (tetrodotoxin) and STX (saxitoxin) of pufferfish pufferfish poisoning and symptoms: treatment and management aquarium uses of pufferfish nutritional and pharmaceutical values of pufferfish diseases and parasites of pufferfish and their management Table of ContentsIntroduction. Biology and Ecology of Toxic Pufferfish. Profile of Toxic Pufferfish. Pufferfish Toxins. Pufferfish Poisoning. Pufferfish Aquariums. Diseases and Parasites of Pufferfish and Their Management. Nutritional Values of Pufferfish. Pharmaceutical Values of Pufferfish Toxins.

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Book SynopsisThis first book in this three-volume set provides comprehensive coverage of a wide range of topics in phytochemistry. With chapters from professional specialists from key institutions around the world, the volume starts with an introduction to phytochemistry and details the fundamentals. Part II discusses the state-of-the-art modern methods and techniques in phytochemical research, while Part III provides an informative overview of computational phytochemistry and its applications. Part IV presents novel research findings in the discovery of drugs that will be effective in the treatment of diseases. The chapters are drawn carefully and integrated sequentially to aid flow, consistency, and continuity.Table of ContentsPart 1: Fundamentals Of Phytochemistry 1. Introduction to Phytochemistry 2. Biosynthesis of Phytochemicals 3. Mechanisms of Plant Defense Against Pathogens: Phytoalexins Induction 4. Biological Roles of Phytochemicals 5. Phytochemicals as Immunomodulators 6. Phytochemicals as Nutraceuticals and Pharmafoods 7. The Role of Phytochemistry in Plant Classification: Phytochemotaxonomy 8. Plant Metabolomics Part 2: Methods And Techniques 9. Phytochemical Extraction, Isolation and Detection Techniques 10. Techniques in Phytochemotaxonomy 11. Chromatographical Techniques in Phytochemical Research 12. UV/Visible Spectroscopy and HPLC in Phytochemical Analysis: An Introduction 13. HPLC and HPTLC as Sophisticated Tools in Phytochemical Analysis 14. Analytical Techniques in Elemental Profiling 15. Phytochemical Test Methods 16. Animal Models in Phytopharmacology 17. Toxicological Testing of Plant Products 18. Role of Biostatistics in Phytochemical Research: Emphasis on Essential Oil Studies Part 3: Computational Phytochemistry 19. Computational Phytochemistry in Drug Discovery: Databases and Tools 20. Stemness Modulation by Phytochemicals to Target Cancer Stem Cells 21. Targeting Cancer Cell Carbohydrate Metabolism by Phytochemicals 22. Herbal Drug Discovery: The Envision Biotechnology Approach Part 4: Phytochemical Research 23. GC-MS Analysis and In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Tectona grandis Bark Extract Against Human Breast Cancer Cell Line (MCF-7) 24. Phytochemical Analysis of Nigella sativa L. Seeds Aqueous Extract by GC-MS and FTIR 25. Phytochemical Studies on Five Nigerian Indigenous Vegetables

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Book SynopsisHere is a fascinating reader-friendly exploration of “the phosphorus enigma.” The volume attempts to answer the questions: How did phosphorus atoms, which are produced inside the inner cores of a handful of huge stars, become concentrated in relatively high proportions in the organisms composing Earth’s biosphere? And how did these phosphate derivatives manage to be included in such a great variety of organic molecules playing essential biochemical roles in all known life forms?Due to the interdisciplinary nature of the topic, the volume is arranged in three sections. The first section introduces the fundamental concepts and notions of physics, chemistry, and biology necessary for the proper understanding of the topics discussed within an astronomical framework. The author then focuses on the role of phosphorus and its compounds within the context of chemical evolution in galaxies, considering its relevance in most essential biochemical functions as well as its peculiar chemistry under different physicochemical conditions. The third section provides an overall perspective on the role of phosphorus and its compounds in current areas of research of solid state physics, materials engineering, nanotechnology or medicine.Trade Review“This book beautifully traces the stellar origin of the element phosphorous, its chemical properties, and the observations of phosphorous-based molecules and minerals in the interstellar medium and in the solar system. [The author] then connects the astronomical studies with the role of phosphorous played in living organisms, presenting the biochemistry of biomolecules that incorporate phosphorous, and the roles that these molecules play in the origin of life on Earth. This book presents a comprehensive summary of our current understanding of the astrochemical and astrobiological significance of phosphorous. It is invaluable for researchers and students who are interested in the question of origin of life and the search for extraterrestrial life. ”—From the Foreword by Sun Kwok, President, International Astronomical Union Commission on Astrobiology (2015–2018), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CanadaCHOICE Outstanding Academic Title, 2021 “Barber . . . employs the element phosphorous as a central topic worthy of study in itself, but also as a bridging device through which to trace some of the major tenets of chemical evolution. . . . Intended to accommodate beginning students and experts alike, including several introductory chapters that provide basic orientation to cosmology and physical chemistry. The text continues with more advanced discussions of nucleosynthesis as well as stellar and planetary distribution. . . . Intended for use as a textbook, the book includes keywords, chapter summaries, and exercises, and the graphics are both illustrative and well referenced. . . . Summing Up: Highly recommended. All readers.”--CHOICE, review by P. K. Strother, Boston CollegeTable of Contents1. The Phosphorus Enigma: An Overview 2. The Unfolding Universe 3. Cosmic Distribution of the Main Biogenic Elements 4. Physical and Chemical Properties of Phosphorus Compounds 5. The Nucleosynthesis of Phosphorus 6. From Stellar Atmospheres to the Interstellar Medium and Back Again 7. Phosphorus Compounds in Planetary Systems 8. Prebiotic Chemical Evolution and the Phosphate Problem 9. Phosphorus Technology: Man Made Compounds 10. Outlook and Perspectives

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Book SynopsisThis new volume focuses on clinical biochemistry fundamentals, cell culture techniques, and drug discovery and development concepts. It deals with three different fields of clinical research: cell culture, clinical biochemistry, and drug discovery and development.The book introduces cell animal and bacterial culture techniques and their potential uses as well as cell culture techniques. The biochemistry aspect of the book covers the principles of clinical biochemistry and biochemical analysis, biochemical aids to clinical diagnosis, measurement, and quality control. The book also presents important concepts in cell membrane receptor signal transduction pathways as drug targets.The drug development focus of the book discusses the fundamentals of human disease and drug discovery. Various in silico, in vitro, and in vivo approaches for drug discovery are examined, along with a discussion on drug delivery carriers and clinical trials. Overall, the volume provides an overview of the journey from clinical fundamentals to clinical output.Table of Contents1. An Introduction to Cell Culture 2. Animal Cell Culture 3. Bacterial Cell Culture 4. Potential Use of Cell Cultures 5. Principles of Clinical Biochemistry and Biochemical Analysis 6. Biochemical Aids to Clinical Diagnosis 7. Clinical Measurements and Quality Control 8. Cell Membrane Receptor 9. Mechanisms of Signal Transduction 10. Human Disease Drug Therapy and Drug Discovery 11. Drug Development: In Silico, In Vivo and System Biology Approach 12. Drug Development: Drug Delivery Carriers and Clinical Trial 13. Role of Micro RNA in Prostate Cancer Therapy 14. Pathogenesis, Molecular Mechanisms of Progression, and Therapeutic Targets of Liver Fibrosis: An Update 15. Prostate Cancer: Molecular Aspects, Biomarkers, and Chemo-Preventive Agents 16. Overview of Tuberculosis Biomarkers: An Update

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Book SynopsisOne strategy to expedite the discovery of new drugs, a process that is somewhat slow and serendipitous, is the identification and use of privileged scaffolds. This book covers the history of the discovery and use of privileged scaffolds and addresses the various classes of these important molecular fragments. The first of the benzodiazepines, a class of drugs that is powerful for treating anxiety, may not have been discovered had it not been for a chance experiment on the contents of a discarded flask found during a lab clean-up. Some years later, scientists discovered that benzodiazepine derivatives were also effective in treating other diseases. This class of molecules was the first to be described as privileged in the sense that it is especially effective at altering the course of disease. Other privileged molecular structures have since been discovered, and since these compounds are so effective at interacting with numerous classes of proteins, they may be an effective starting point to look for new drugs against the supposedly “undruggable” proteins. Following introductory chapters presenting an overview, a historical perspective and the theoretical background and findings, main chapters describe the structure of privileged structures in turn and discuss major drug classes associated with them and their syntheses. This book provides comprehensive coverage of the subject through chapters contributed by expert authors from both academia and industry and will be an excellent reference source for medicinal chemists of a range of disciplines and experiences.Trade ReviewMany of the chapters have a very readable format; the (mainly) heterocycle core structure is presented, physicochemical properties are given, then synthetic routes to such molecules are shown followed by case studies on many actual drugs based on these scaffolds. Such presentation renders this book appealing to heterocycle, natural product, and medicinal chemists and would be extremely useful pedagogically e.g., for teaching to masters and advanced undergraduate-level students or presenting as case studies in group meetings with postgraduate students. This is certainly a book that would be of interest to researchers and as a reference text in university and industry libraries. -- John Spencer * ChemMedChem *Table of ContentsPrivileged scaffolds in medicinal chemistry: An introduction; Privileged scaffolds in medicinal chemistry: A computational approach; The beta-Lactam (Azetidin-2-one) as a privileged ring in medicinal chemistry; (Benz)imidazoles; Pyrazoles; Quinolones: Privileged scaffolds in medicinal chemistry; Isoquinolines; Rhodanine; Heterocycles containinf nitrogen and sulfur as potent biologically active scaffolds; Thiirane class of gelatinase inhibitors as a privileged tempate that cross the blood-brain barrier; Coumarins; Xanthones are privileged scaffolds in medicinal chemistry - but are they over privileged?; Natural product scaffolds of value in medicinal chemistry; Ergot alkaloids; Cyclic Peptides as Privileged structures; Spirocycles as privileged structural motifs in medicinal chemistry;

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Book SynopsisBiotechnology harnesses cellular and biochemical systems to advance knowledge of the molecular cause of disease and to provide new diagnostic tools and more precisely targeted drugs. Within a decade, global investment in medical biotechnology has increased more than ten-fold, resulting in therapies for previously untreatable conditions. But what exactly is biotechnology and what are its origins? What further benefits to human health could it offer in the future? Written in an accessible style, contributors to this book explore the history behind different biotechnology tools, how they are used, and how they are reshaping the future of diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines. Among the technologies examined are genetic engineering, DNA sequencing, monoclonal antibodies, stem cells, gene therapy, cancer immunotherapy and the most recent newcomer - synthetic biology. Applying new biotechnologies in medicine is not without great challenges. As medicines shift from small organic molecules to large, complex structures, such as therapeutic proteins, drugs become difficult to make, administer and regulate. This book will intrigue anyone interested in medicine and how we have been, and may continue to, engineer better health for ourselves. Such changes have major implications for how and where drugs are manufactured, the cost of medicine and the ethics of how far society is prepared to go to combat disease.Trade ReviewThe book has turned out surprisingly readable, with Marks’ own chapters being very accessible and lay-friendly. The book impresses with 19th and 20th century historical connections to things that are topical today. -- Michael Gross, Oxford, UK * Chemistry & Industry Magazine, Issue 05, 2018 *What is biotechnology? This simple question is very hard to answer in a few words. If you define the term broadly, such as manipulation of biological systems to obtain useful products, you would capture the entire history of agriculture along with traditional technologies like brewing and baking. If you approach it with very specific definitions, it will splinter into numerous subdisciplines, including molecular biology, cellular biotechnology and synthetic biology, which again contain quite diverse subsets. To stay focused on modern developments, one could define biotechnology as the set of successful developments growing out of the major revolutions in 20th century molecular and cellular biology, including the techniques to sequence, synthesise and edit DNA, monoclonal antibodies, stem cells and cloning. However, owing to the complexities of dealing with biological source material and applications frequently aimed at human disease, the approach often must be a pragmatic ‘whatever works’, until something else comes along that works better. Thus, pig insulin was replaced by recombinant human insulin produced in bacteria. The forgotten 19th century invention of serum therapy was reborn with molecular specificity when methods to produce monoclonal antibodies were invented. The monoclonals themselves are now at risk of being replaced by more compact molecules such as the nanobodies derived from the single-chain antibodies that are naturally found in camels and their relatives. Marks, a historian of medicine at University College London, is the editor of the website What Is biotechnology? (whatisbiotechnology.org), which was set up as a non-profit organisation to improve public understanding of this field. Out of her work for the website grew this book, to which she contributed the introduction as well as chapters on antibodies and on cancer immunotherapy, while experts from various universities and research institutes wrote chapters on issues including vaccines, gene therapy, stem cells, eye disease and synthetic biology. The fact that the chapters appear to be categorised along different coordinates – some cover a type of disease, some a type of cure, some a research approach – underlines the difficulty of systematically describing what biotechnology is. As the slices are cut in different directions, overlaps between chapters are inevitable. Considering this fundamental difficulty, the book has turned out surprisingly readable, with Marks’ own chapters being very accessible and lay-friendly. The book impresses with 19th and 20th century historical connections to things that are topical today, although some important twists of the early 21st century are missing, including how second-generation sequencing overcame the fundamental limitation of the Sanger method, and the already-mentioned camel antibodies. The answer to the question of what biotechnology is will inevitably change as research moves on. -- Michael Gross, Oxford, UK * Chemistry & Industry Magazine, Issue 05, 2018 *Table of ContentsIntroduction: Biotechnology—An Ever Expanding Toolbox for Medicine; Biopharmaceutical Proteins: The Manufacturing Challenge; Vaccines: The Recombinant Revolution; Monoclonal Antibodies: A Revolution in the Transformation of Healthcare; The Changing Fortune of Cancer Immunotherapy; Gene Therapy: An Evolving Story; Stem Cells: An Emerging Field for Medicine; Protein Therapeutics and Blinding Diseases; Synthetic Biology: A Game Changer?; Synthetic Biology–Engineering Tomorrow’s Medicines

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Book SynopsisThere has been enormous progress in our understanding of molybdenum and tungsten enzymes and relevant inorganic complexes of molybdenum and tungsten over the past twenty years. This set of three books provides a timely and comprehensive overview of the field and documents the latest research. The first volume in the set focusses on the enzymes themselves, and discusses active sites and substrate channels of relevant proteins. The book begins with an introductory overview of the whole field. Chapters are contributed by world leaders and topics covered include pyranopterin cofactor biosynthesis and incorporation of the mature cofactor into apoprotein. Subsequent volumes cover the bioinorganic chemistry relevant to these enzymes and the full range of spectroscopic and theoretical methods that are used to investigate their physical and electronic structure and function. This text will be a valuable reference to workers both inside and outside the field, including graduate students and young investigators interested in developing new research programs in this area.Table of ContentsPart I Molybdenum- and tungsten-containing enzymes; Abundance, ubiquity, and evolution of molybdoenzymes; Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis; Bacterial molybdoenzymes; The prokaryotic Mo/W-bisPGD enzyme family; Enzymes of the xanthine oxidase family; The sulfite oxidase family of Mo enzymes; Nitrogenase; Tungsten-containing enzymes; Part II Introduction and overview of synthetic Mo and W chemistry; Synthesis of mono- and bisdithiolene Mo and W model compounds; Pterin‐inspired Model Compounds of Molybdenum Enzymes; Synthesis of models for the xanthine oxidase family of enzymes; Electron transfer mechanisms in Mo and W compounds; Comparative kinetics of enzymes and models; Models of the metal clusters of nitrogenase; Part III Overview of spectroscopic and electronic studies of Mo and W enzymes; Spectroscopic and electronic structure studies of Mo model compounds and enzymes; Electron paramagnetic resonance studies of molybdenum enzymes; X-ray absorption spectroscopic studies of molybdenum enzymes; Electrochemistry of molybdenum and tungsten enzymes; Computational studies of molybdenum and tungsten enzymes; Nitrogen Fixation in Nitrogenase and Related Small-Molecule Models

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Book SynopsisSynthetic biology combines science and engineering in order to design, build and test novel biological functions and systems. As with any multi-disciplinary field, there is a rapidly-growing body of literature concerning synthetic biology and locating the best information or identifying the hottest topics can be time-consuming. This volume captures the expanding primary literature in the form of critical and comprehensive reviews providing the reader with an authoritative digest of the latest developments in this emerging field. Each chapter strives to highlight the most recent findings in specific sub-areas and reviews research reports that were published over the last two to three years. Leading researchers draw material from both dedicated journals and broader sources, revising traditional concepts in light of emerging discoveries while keeping up with recent progress, making this an essential reference to any library supporting this research.Table of ContentsDesign and Applications of Synthetic information Processing Circuits in Mammalian Cells; Self-assembly at the Multi-scale Level: Challenges and New Avenues for Inspired Synthetic Biology Modelling; Protein Scaffolds and Higher-order Complexes in Synthetic Biology; Design of Synthetic Symmetrical Proteins; Designer Proteins for Bottom-up Synthetic Biology; Synthetic Extracellular Matrix Approaches for the Treatment of Myocardial Infarction

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Book SynopsisThis unique book describes the latest information in the fundamental understanding of the biophysics and biochemistry of articular cartilage using the state-of-the-art practices in NMR and MRI. This is the first book of its kind, written by physicists and chemists on this important tissue, whose degradation contributes to osteoarthritis and related joint diseases. Connecting the fundamental science with the clinical imaging applications, the experts Editors provide an authoritative addition to the literature. Ideal for practising physical scientists and radiologists with an interest in the fundamental science as well as instrument manufacturers and clinical researchers working with articular cartilage.Table of ContentsPart One – Introduction: Introduction to Cartilage; Osmotic Properties of Cartilage; Introduction to NMR and MRI; The Magic Angle Effect in NMR and MRI of Cartilage; Part Two – Physical Properties of Cartilage by Relaxation Anisotropy; Experimental NMR and MRI Techniques for Cartilage Research: Physical Properties of Cartilage by Relaxation Anisotropy; Chemical Properties of Cartilage Studied Using Charged Ions; Quantification of Articular Cartilage Microstructure by the Analysis of the Diffusion Tensor; Sodium and Other Exotic Methods in NMR and MRI of Cartilage; Multi-Quantum Filtered NMR and MRI of Cartilage; Solid-State NMR Techniques to Study the Molecular Dynamics in Cartilage; Ultrashort Echo Time Imaging of Articular Cartilage; Low-Field and Field-Cycling NMR and MRI of Cartilage; The Influence of Specimen and Experimental Conditions on NMR and MRI of Cartilage; Part Three – Biomechanical Properties of Cartilage by NMR and MRI; Diffusion MRI and Poroelastic Biomechanics of Articular Cartilage; Combining Multi-Modal MRI and Biomechanical Modeling to Investigate the Response of Cartilage and Chondrocytes to Mechanical Stimuli; Loading-Induced Changes in Cartilage Studied by NMR and MRI; Part Four– Applications and the Future of Cartilage Research by NMR and MRI; The Critical Role of the Imaging Resolution in MRI of Cartilage – The MRI Microscope; Multi-Component Relaxations in MRI of Cartilage; Uni- and Multi-Parametric Magnetic Resonance Analysis of Cartilage; Magnetic Resonance in the Assessment of Tissue Engineered Cartilage; Complementary Imaging in MRI of Cartilage; Quantitative MRI for Detection of Cartilage Damage; Challenges for the Early Detection of Degenerative; Cartilage Changes Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging In vivo in Humans; Ultrahigh-Field Whole-Body MRI for Cartilage Imaging: Technical Challenges

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Book SynopsisWhy does chocolate taste so good? Why do we seek 'the one'? How do traits such as intelligence, creativity and violence arise and what purpose do they serve? This book links these characteristics to the origins of life, showing that the conditions necessary to bring life into existence echo through our modern day behaviour. The chemistry of the body is not only fascinating but also highly relevant to everyone, since we are all concerned with maximising our health and enjoyment of life. Currently, there are not many popular science books concerned with biochemistry. One reason for this might be the particularly complex nature of the science involved. This book starts with the fundamentals and then works towards a deeper understanding of the chemistry of human nature. Essential reading for anyone with an interest in this science and written at a level accessible to experts and non-experts alike.Table of ContentsSection 1: Fuel and Building Supplies; The Chemistry of Space Travel; The Chemistry of Taste; The Chemistry of Pleasure; The Chemistry of Life's Origins; The Chemistry of Evolution; Section 2: Love and Relationships; The Chemistry of Lust; The Chemistry of Romantic Love; The Chemistry of Attachment; The Chemistry of Baby Making; Section 3: The Chemistry of Character; The Chemistry of Creative Intelligence; The Chemistry of Violence; The Chemistry of Dominance; Section 4: So What?; The Chemistry of Free Will; Appendix

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Book SynopsisAssuming little previous knowledge of biology, this book aids graduate chemists to close the gap in their knowledge of pharmacology and make the link between medicinal chemistry and the way in which drugs act on the body. The availability of receptor structures has revolutionized drug discovery and development necessitating an up-to-date source of information for chemists entering this new pharmacological world. Chapters, written by experts with an appreciation of most graduate chemists’ knowledge, explain the history of pharmacology, the relationship between receptor structure and function and receptor pharmacology relevant to drug design. Importantly, as drugs are normally discovered in test rather than therapeutic systems, this text describes how pharmacology provides methods to characterize drug activity through scales that allow prediction of drug effect in all systems. Moreover, it outlines the relationship between drug distribution in the body and the action of drugs in particular organ systems relevant to disease. Readers will also find information on pharmacokinetics and drug metabolism, safety pharmacology and toxicology, clinical and regulatory pharmacology and the use of imaging techniques. Carefully edited for relevance to the modern chemist, this unique textbook will be an essential resource for chemists planning to work in drug discovery, or postgraduate students and practicing chemists interested in expanding their pharmacology knowledgeTrade ReviewYet this is still a text I would thoroughly recommend to medicinal chemists, and also more broadly to other scientists involved in drug design and development, both in the pharmaceutical industry and in research institutions. A lot can be gained from better understanding of how we each contribute to programmes of research, how we each tackle problems and the barriers we face. Pharmacology for Chemists is a welcome resource to help meet this aim. -- Dr Neil C. Henney, Liverpool John Moores University, UK * https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-019-03700-5 *Table of ContentsWhat is Pharmacology; The Pharmacological Analysis of Drug Activity in Receptor Systems; Structure-based Drug Discovery and Advances in Protein Receptor Crystallography; Actions of Drugs on the Autonomic Nervous System; Actions of Drugs on The Brain and CNS Disorders; Actions of Drugs on the Cardiovascular and Renal System; Actions of Drugs in the Gastrointestinal Tract; The Future of ADME in Drug Design and Development; Predictive Strategies for ADRs – Biomarkers and In Vitro Models; From Bench to Bedside: The First Studies of a New Molecule in Man; Nonclinical Safety Assessment in Drug Development; Predicting Dose and Selective Efficacy in Clinical Studies from Preclinical Experiments: Practical Pharmacodynamics

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Book SynopsisDrug misuse and dependence is an ever evolving field of study, which has exploded over recent years owing to the advent of the internet. Due to the ever-growing number of young people using drugs recreationally and the privatisation of drug screening and detection services, there is the need to disseminate evidence-based information concerning the technology and methods available for studying this expanding field. Detection of Drug Misuse describes the current state-of-the-art techniques used for identifying and confirming drug misuse as well as recent advances in biomarkers, instrumentation and analysis methodology. The title discusses both recreational and designer drugs, including non-addictive and addictive drugs. This book is a useful and fascinating resource for healthcare professionals working in the field of drug misuse as well as academics and postgraduates researching within analytical, chromatography, medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry; drug metabolism; addiction science; and forensic toxicology, science and medicine.Table of ContentsUrinalysis: The Detection of Common Drugs in Urine; Point-of-care/Collection Testing: Application to Drugs of Misuse Testing; Analytical Advances in Drug Detection: Human Sports Drug Testing; Analytical Overview of Drug Detection: Civil Aviation; Detection of Misused Drugs: Natural and Synthetic Cathinones; Detection of Misused Drugs: Psychoactive Piperazines; Dried Blood Spots for Testing Drugs of Misuse; Drug Testing in Exhaled Breath; DNA/RNA Aptamers for Illicit Drug Molecules; Latent Fingerprints for Drug Screening; Microneedle Patches for Caffeine Detection and Quantification; Detection of a Single Drug Exposure in Hair; Ethanol Analysis in Blood, Breath and Urine: Interpreting the Results; 'Ecstasy' Tablets: Batch Matching for Forensic Drug Intelligence Puropses in Malta; The Usefulness of Metabolites in the Interpretation of Drug Test Results; The Usefulness of Metabolic Ratios in the Interpretation of Steroid Misuse; Neurohypophyseal Hormones and Drugs of Misuse

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Book SynopsisParkinson's Disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions of people worldwide. In order to find neuroprotective strategies, a clear understanding of the mechanisms involved in the dopaminergic death of cells that progresses the disease is needed. Oxidative stress can be defined as an imbalance between the production of reactive species and the ability to detoxify them and their intermediates or by-products. Oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA has been detected in autopsies from individuals with Parkinson’s Disease and so links can be made between oxidative stress and Parkinson’s Disease pathogenesis. This book provides a thorough review of the mechanisms by which oxidative stress and redox signalling mediate Parkinson’s Disease. Opening chapters bring readers up to speed on basic knowledge regarding oxidative stress and redox signalling, Parkinson’s Disease, and neurodegeneration before the latest advances in this field are explored in detail. Topics covered in the following chapters include the role of mitochondria, dopamine metabolism, metal homeostasis, inflammation, DNA-damage and thiol-signalling. The role of genetics and gene-environment interactions are also explored before final chapters discuss the identification of potential biomarkers for diagnosis and disease progression and the future of redox/antioxidant based therapeutics. Written by recognized experts in the field, this book will be a valuable source of information for postgraduate students and academics, clinicians, toxicologists and risk assessment groups. Importantly, it presents the current research that might later lead to redox or antioxidant – based therapeutics for Parkinson’s disease. Trade ReviewResearch into the role of oxidative stress and redox signaling in Parkinson’s disease (PD) has exploded. A PubMed search (January 8, 2018) identifies 4972 scholarly papers on this topic. Indeed, these are exciting times both for researchers, PD patients and their families. As the human genome has been sequenced and many disease mysteries are unraveled, exciting advances in research on PD have been achieved. Of particular interest in understanding the clinical picture of PD has been the relationship between oxidative stress and the pathophysiology of PD. The Book contains 14 chapters, addressing the topic, research strategies and models aimed at delineating molecular mechanisms of the disease. The typeface is easy to read and the visuals are of great quality. While multi-authored, I generally found all chapters to be up-to-date, providing authoritative reviews of epidemiology, pathology, and neurochemistry. The writing is generally succinct, with discussions pertinent to the topic at hand. The book should be of interest to all individuals who are interested in PD. The Editors should be commended for their efforts to produce a comprehensive, yet easy-to-follow authoritative book on current knowledge in this ever-growing field on PD. The book is successful in bridging basic research with clinical, epidemiological, regulatory and translational research, conveying both an introductory understanding and the latest development in the field. Utmost, it seems to be designed to serve both the novice student and the expert scientist and physician. With a comprehensive and integrated view on the biology of PD, the Editors and Authors the book are likely to be instrumental in stimulating a deeper understanding and promoting renewed collaborations on this multifaceted topic, leading to improved understanding of PD. -- Michael Aschner"The book should be of interest to all individuals who are interested in PD." "With a comprehensive and integrated view on the biology of PD, the Editors and Authors of the book are likely to be instrumental in stimulating a deeper understanding and promoting renewed collaborations on this multifaceted topic, leading to improved understanding of PD." -- Michael AschnerTable of ContentsParkinson’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Etiology; Oxidative Stress and Redox Signalling in the Parkinsonian Brain; Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease; Catecholamine Metabolism and the Generation of Reactive Aldehydes; Dopamine Oxidation and Parkinson's Disease; GSH and Thiol Redox Signalling; Nitric Oxide Signalling and Inflammation in Parkinson’s Disease; Redox Signalling and Dopaminergic Cell Death/Survival; Iron Metabolism and Parkinson's Disease; Protein Oxidation, Quality Control and Degradation Pathways; At the Intersection between Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Lysosomal Autophagy; Genes, Environment and Aging; Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress; Dietary Factors in Parkinson’s Disease; Antioxidants and Redox-basedTherapeutics

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Book SynopsisThis volume focuses on solution and solid-state NMR of carbohydrates, glycoproteins, glyco-technologies, biomass and related topics. It is estimated that at least 80% of all proteins are glycoproteins. Because of the complexity, heterogeneity and flexibility of the sugar chains, the structural biology approaches for glycoconjugates have been generally avoided. NMR techniques although well established for structural analyses of proteins and nucleic acids, cannot be simply applied to this complex class of biomolecules. Nonetheless, recently developed NMR techniques for carbohydrates open the door to conformational studies of a variety of sugar chains of biological interest. NMR studies on glycans will have significant impact on the development of vaccines, adjuvants, therapeutics, biomarkers and on biomass regeneration. In this volume, the Editors have collected the most up-to-date NMR applications from experts in the field of carbohydrate NMR spectroscopy. Timely and useful, not only for NMR specialists, it will appeal to researchers in the general field of structural biology, biochemistry and biophysics, molecular and cellular biology and material science.Table of ContentsIntramolecular Hydrogen Bonding in Glycans in Aqueous Solution; NMR Spin-Couplings in Saccharides: Relationships between Structure, Conformation and the Magnitudes of JHH, JCH and JCC Values; Insights into Carbohydrate Recognition by 3D Structure Determination of Protein-Carbohydrate Complexes using NMR; Paramagnetic, RDC and RCSA Constraints in the Structural Analysis of Glycans; Lanthanide-Chelating Carbohydrate Conjugates to Detect Carbohydrate-Protein Interactions; NMR Characterization of the Conformations, Dynamics, and Interactions of Glycosphingolipids; NMR Analysis of Glycosyltransferases; Stable Isotope Labeling of Glycoproteins for NMR Study; Quantifying Carbohydrate Motions Through Solution Measurements: Applications to Immunoglobulin G Fc; Analysis of Glycosaminoglycans by 15N-NMR Spectroscopy; NMR Studies of Protein-Glycosaminoglycan Interactions; Solid-state NMR Analysis of Mannose Recognition by Pradimicin A; Structure and Dynamics of Polysaccharides in Plant Cell Walls From Solid-State NMR; New Methods for the Analysis of Heterogeneous Polysaccharides: Lessons Learned from the Heparin Crisis; NMR Chemical Shift Predictions and Structural Elucidation of Oligo- and Polysaccharides by the Computer Program CASPER; NMR Databases for Plant Cell Wall Biopolymers; Polysaccharides as Major Carbon Sources in Environmental Biodiversity

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Book SynopsisMany key aspects of life are based on naturally occurring polymers, such as polysaccharides, proteins and DNA. Unsurprisingly, their molecular functionalities, macromolecular structures and material properties are providing inspiration for designing new polymeric materials with specific functions, for example, responsive, adaptive and self-healing materials. Bio-inspired Polymers covers all aspects of the subject, ranging from the synthesis of novel polymers, to structure-property relationships, materials with advanced properties and applications of bio-inspired polymers in such diverse fields as drug delivery, tissue engineering, optical materials and lightweight structural materials. Written and edited by leading experts on the topic, the book provides a comprehensive review and essential graduate level text on bio-inspired polymers for biochemists, materials scientists and chemists working in both industry and academia.Table of ContentsSynthetic Aspects of Peptide- and Protein- Polymer Conjugates in the Post-click Era; Glycopolymer; Synthesis of Non-Natural Polymers with Controlled Primary Structures; Single-chain Nanoparticles; Polymeric Tubular Structures; Bio-inspired Polymer Membranes; Polymeric Ionic Liquids with Micelle-like Topologies and Functions; Biological and Bio-Inspired Heterogeneous Composites: From Resilient Palm Trees to Stretchable Electronics; Translating Mussel Adhesion: Four Uncertainties about the Interface; Mussel Adhesive-inspired Polymers; Self-Reporting Polymeric Materials with Mechanochromic Properties; Mechanically Adaptive Nanocomposites Inspired by Sea Cucumbers; Bio-inspired Polymer Artificial Muscles; Materials for Tissue Engineering and 3D Cell Culture; Antimicrobial Polymers and Surfaces - Natural Mimics or Surpassing Nature?; Superwettability of Polymer Surfaces; Bio-mimetic Structural Colour using Biopolymers

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Book SynopsisToxicity against tissue stem cells (TSCs) is a major problem in drug development and environmental health science. Despite their essential function in all human cellular tissues, the nature of tissue stem cells is not fully understood. The small fraction of stem cells in tissues and the lack of specific biomarkers for their quantification present a formidable challenge to developing tools for their study and assays that can identify stem cell-toxic agents. Human Stem Cell Toxicology reveals TSC toxicity as a biomedical reality that is now well under siege by newly emerging ideas and technologies, despite these challenges. Chapters consider stem cell toxicity by environmental agents, pharmaceutical drug candidates, and marketed therapeutic medicines with adverse side effects. New insights to cellular, molecular, biochemical, and chemical mechanisms of human tissue stem cell toxicity are brought together. Experimental and theoretical treatments are of specific topics, including approaches to monitoring TSC function, newly discovered TSC types and TSC toxicity resistance mechanisms, are covered by expert authors. This book informs and champions the continued development of innovative technologies to predict the TSC toxicity of compounds before their use, whether in patients or the environment, by addressing emerging new cell-based approaches and concepts for technical innovation. This publication will be a useful reference for postgraduate students and researchers working in toxicology, pharmaceutical science, tissue cell biology and stem cell biology.Table of ContentsAddressing Challenges to Progress in Human Stem Cell Toxicology Concepts and Practice; Alternative Methods in Haematopoietic Stem Cell Toxicology; High-throughput Screening of Toxic Chemicals on Neural Stem Cells; The Role of Catecholamines in Stem Cell Mobilisation; Toxicological Risk Assessment – Proposed Assay Platform Using Stem and Progenitor Cell Differentiation in Response to Environmental Toxicants; Current Developments in the Use of Human Stem Cell Derived Cardiomyocytes to Examine Drug-induced Cardiotoxicity; Pesticides and Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Epigenetic Impact of Stem Cell Toxicants; Metakaryotic Cancer Stem Cells are Constitutively Resistant to X-Rays and Chemotherapeutic Agents, but Sensitive to Many Common Drugs; Distributed Stem Cell Kinetotoxicity: A New Concept to Account for the Human Carcinogenicity of Non-genotoxic Environmental Toxicants; Cancer Stem Cells as Therapeutic Targets

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Book SynopsisRecent years have seen a resurgence of antibiotic drug discovery. This book brings together the relevant information to assess the state-of-the-art. It identifies and elaborates the most recent and compelling strategies for antibiotic drug discovery with a primary focus on new targets, mechanisms and molecular entities. Addressing the need for continued investment in antibiotic drug development, the book provides a point of reference for the rapidly expanding infectious disease research community. In addition to its attention on new targets, the book focusses on the medicinal chemistry and chemistry of the targets. Within this framework, chapters from leading researchers in academia and industry address findings in important areas such as biofilm production, narrow spectrum antibiotics and novel antibacterials from previously uncultured soil bacteria. This book will be a useful resource for postgraduate students and researchers in medicinal chemistry wishing to understand the latest approaches to antibiotic drug discovery.Trade ReviewThe book will be of interest to a large audience, not only to medicinal chemists in the field, to whom it can serve as a valuable point of reference, but to anyone wishing to follow the latest approaches in antibiotic drug design. The book is also valuable as a textbook for postgraduate students in medicinal chemistry: concepts are explained clearly and concisely throughout all chapters; sections are well organized and nicely illustrated. -- Dr Donatella Tondi, Universit/ degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia (Italy) * ChemMedChem, DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800265 *Table of ContentsTreatment of Clostridium difficile Infections; Targeting Purine Biosynthesis for Antibacterial Drug Design; Inhibitors of Biofilm Production; Narrow Spectrum Antibacterial Agents; The LPS Transport Pathway: A New Target for the Development of Gram-Negative Antibiotics; The Discovery of Teixobactin; Emerging Targets in Anti-Tubercular Drug Design; Antibacterial Leads Targeting Isoprenoid Biosynthesis

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Book SynopsisThe simulation of enzymatic processes is a well-established field within computational chemistry, as demonstrated by the 2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. It has been attracting increasing attention in recent years due to the potential applications in the development of new drugs or new environmental-friendly catalysts. Featuring contributions from renowned authors, including Nobel Laureate Arieh Warshel, this book explores the theories, methodologies and applications in simulations of enzyme reactions. It is the first book offering a comprehensive perspective of the field by examining several different methodological approaches and discussing their applicability and limitations. The book provides the basic knowledge for postgraduate students and researchers in chemistry, biochemistry and biophysics, who want a deeper understanding of complex biological process at the molecular level.Table of ContentsPerspective on Computer Modelling of Enzymatic Reactions; Fundamentals of Enzymatic Catalysis: Determination of Rate Constants; A Transition State Theory Perspective for Enzymatic Reactions: Fundamentals and Applications; Electron Transfer Reactions in Enzymes: Seven Things that Might Break Down in Vanilla Marcus Theory and How to Fix Them if They Do; Kinetic Isotope Effects; Free Energy Calculation Methods and Rare Event Sampling Techniques for Biomolecular Simulations; Methods to Trace Conformational Transitions; Key Concepts and Applications of ONIOM Methods; First Principles Methods in Biology: From Continuum Models to Hybrid Ab initio Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics; Nuclear Quantum Effects in Enzymatic Reactions; QM/MM Methods for Simulating Enzyme Reactions; Ribozymes; Effects of Water and Non-aqueous Solvents on Enzyme Activity; Modelling Reactivity in Metalloproteins: Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition by Haem Enzymes; Enzyme Design

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Book SynopsisAlthough the concept of allosterism has been known for over half a century, its application in drug discovery has exploded in recent years. The emergence of novel technologies that enable molecular-level ligand-receptor interactions to be studied in studied in unprecedented detail has driven this trend. This book, written by the leaders in this young research area, describes the latest developments in allosterism for drug discovery. Bringing together research in a diverse range of scientific disciplines, Allosterism in Drug Discovery is a key reference for academics and industrialists interested in understanding allosteric interactions. The book provides an in-depth review of research using small molecules as chemical probes and drug candidates that interact allosterically with proteins of relevance to life sciences and human disease. Knowledge of these interactions can then be applied in the discovery of the novel therapeutics of the future. This book will be useful for people working in all disciplines associated with drug discovery in academia or industry, as well as postgraduate students who may be working in the design of allosteric modulators.Table of ContentsModulation of Biological Targets: Why Use Allosteric Ligands?; Identifying and Quantifying Allosteric Drug Function; Targeting Catalytic and Non-catalytic Functions of Protein Kinases; Molecular Biology Techniques Applied to GPCR Allosteric and Biased Ligands; Examining Allosterism in a Dimeric GPCR Context; A Unifying Approach to the Duality of "Energetic" Versus "Conformational" Formulations of Allosteric Coupling: Mechanistic Implications on GPCR Allostery; mGluR2 Positive Allosteric Modulators; Muscarinic Receptors Allosteric Modulation; Positive Allosteric Modulators of Opioid Receptors; mGluR7 allostery: up and down modulation; Allosteric Modulators of Adenosine, P2Y and P2X Receptors; Positive Allosteric Modulators of G Protein-Coupled Receptors that Act via Covalent Mechanisms of Action; mGluR4 PET ligands as enablers of target biology understanding; Mechanism of action of a GluN2C- and GluN2D-selective NMDA receptor positive allosteric modulator; Development of AMPA Receptor Modulators as Cognition Enhancers; Allosteric modulation of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor; Allosteric Binding in the Serotonin Transporter – Pharmacology, Structure, Function and Potential Use as a Novel Drug Target; Allosteric Inhibition of Abl Kinase; Allosteric Modulators of Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90); A look forward;

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Book SynopsisIn recent years there has been tremendous progress in the area of tissue engineering research. This book focusses on the fundamental principles underpinning these recent advances in the materials science developed for tissue engineering purposes. Smart materials for tissue engineering are produced by modifying the physicochemical and biological properties of the scaffolds with response to external stimuli to enhance the tissue regeneration. The functions of living cells can be regulated by smart materials which respond to changes in the surrounding microenvironment. This book comprehensively documents the recent advancements in smart materials for tissue engineering and will provide an essential text for those working in materials science and materials engineering, in academia and industry.Table of ContentsSmart Design of Materials for Tissue Engineering; Smart Surfaces Chemistry and Coating Materials for Tissue Engineering; Protein-Based Stimuli Responsive Materials for Tissue Engineering; Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering; Self-Assembled Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering; Natural Materials as Smart Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering; Engineering Stem Cell Niche and Stem Cell-Material Interactions; Smart Biomaterials with SMart Surfaces for Stem Cell Culture; Conudcting Polymers as Smart Materials for Tissue Engineering; Silica Materials as Smart Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering; Functional Nucleic Acid Incorporated Materials for Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering; Smart Carbon Nanotubes and Graphenes for Tissue Engineering; Smart Functional Porous Materials for Tissue Engineering; Smart Nanofibrous materials for Tissue Engineering; Thermosensitive Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering; Photo-Mediated Biomaterial Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering; Enzyme-Mediated Smart Materials for Tissue Engineering; Magnetic-Responsive Materials for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; Magnetic-Responsive Materials as Smart Scaffolds for Stem Cells; Multifunctional Smart Materials for Tissue Engineering; Fabrication of Multifunctional Materials for Cell Transplantation by Microfluidics;

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Book SynopsisMolecular imaging of drugs or drug carriers is a valuable tool that can provide important information on spatiotemporal distribution of drugs, allowing improved drug distribution at target sites. Chemically labelled drugs can be used to both diagnose and treat diseases. This book introduces the topic of image guided drug delivery and covers the latest imaging techniques and developments in theranostics, highlighting the interdisciplinary nature of this field as well as its translational ability. These technologies and techniques hold potential for individualised, safer therapies. The book introduces the chemistry behind labelling drugs or drug carriers for imaging. It then discusses current scientific progress in the discovery and development of theranostic agents as well as the latest advances in triggered drug delivery. Novel imaging techniques that can be combined with therapeutics are presented, as well as results and findings from early clinical trials. This text will provide postgraduates and researchers in various disciplines associated with drug discovery, including chemistry, device engineering, oncology, neurology, cardiology, imaging, and nanoscience, an overview of this important field where several disciplines have been combined to improve treatments. Readers will be introduced to techniques that can be translated to the clinic and be applied widely.Trade ReviewIn this complex and multidisciplinary field, the book Theranostics and Image Guided Drug Delivery offers a comprehensive and well-balanced view of state-of-the-art methods and agents available today, with emphasis on theranostic approaches that have the promise of clinical translation in the near future. A major merit of this book is the combination of an up-to-date overview of the more “classical” methodologies such as image-guided, hyperthermia-triggered drug release, with an introduction to less advanced and less known techniques like microwave imaging or capsule endoscopy and their potential use in theranostics. -- Dr. Eva Toth, Dr. Sara Lacerda Centre de Biophysique Mol8culaire, CNRS, Orl8ans (France) * ChemMedChe, DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800464 *Table of ContentsImage Guided Focused Ultrasound as a New Method of Targeted Drug Delivery; Image-guided Drug Delivery Systems Based on NIR-absorbing Nanocarriers for Photothermalchemotherapy of Cancer; Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Multi-modal Imaging; Photodynamic Therapy; Radiolabelling Liposomal Nanomedicines for PET Imaging; Liposomes for Hyperthermia Triggered Drug Release; Targeted Delivery with Ultrasound Activated Nano-encapsulated Drugs; Theranostics in the Gut; Microwave Imaging and the Potential of Contrast Enhancing Agents for Theranostics Use

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Book SynopsisAnisotropy at the nanoscale is a critical factor in the mechanical, optical, electronic, and magnetic properties of nanoparticles. Many unusual properties of colloidal materials arise due to heterogeneous spatial confinement of electrons, plasmons and electric fields around the particles. As the field of nanoparticle synthesis and application matures, there is an increasing need for the design of novel and more complex nanosized objects. In particular, the incorporation of multiple functionalities, the directionality of such functions, and the incorporation of lower or higher dimensional order have great relevance and interest for biomolecule detection, diagnosis and therapeutic medical applications. This Faraday Discussion brings together chemists, physicists, theoreticians, engineers, and biomedical researchers to discuss the use of anisotropy as a tool to design, organize and provide special functions to nanoparticles. It explores the synthesis, formation mechanisms and novel characterization tools of anisotropic nanoparticles; the preparation and properties of particles with two or multiple domains; and biomedical applications.Table of ContentsAnisotropic Nanoparticles; Janus and Patchy Particles; Particles at Interfaces; Biomedical Applications

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Book SynopsisMetal ions play key roles in biology. Many are essential for catalysis, for electron transfer and for the fixation, sensing, and metabolism of gases. Others compete with those essential metal ions or have toxic or pharmacological effects. This book is structured around the periodic table and focuses on the control of metal ions in cells. It addresses the molecular aspects of binding, transport and storage that ensure balanced levels of the essential elements. Organisms have also developed mechanisms to deal with the non-essential metal ions. However, through new uses and manufacturing processes, organisms are increasingly exposed to changing levels of both essential and non-essential ions in new chemical forms. They may not have developed defenses against some of these forms (such as nanoparticles). Many diseases such as cancer, diabetes and neurodegeneration are associated with metal ion imbalance. There may be a deficiency of the essential metals, overload of either essential or non-essential metals or perturbation of the overall natural balance. This book is the first to comprehensively survey the molecular nature of the overall natural balance of metal ions in nutrition, toxicology and pharmacology. It is written as an introduction to research for students and researchers in academia and industry and begins with a chapter by Professor R J P Williams FRS.Table of ContentsIntroduction to the Biological Chemistry of Nickel; Oceanic Nickel Biogeochemistry and the Evolution of Nickel Use; Nickel Toxicity and Carcinogenesis; Nickel Binding Sites - Coordination Modes and Thermodynamics; Urease; Crystallographic Analyses of the Active Site Chemistry and Oxygen Sensitivity of [NiFe(Se)]-Hydrogenases; One-Carbon Chemistry of Nickel-Containing Carbon Monoxide Dehydrogenase and Acetyl-CoA Synthase; Biochemistry of Methyl-Coenzyme M Reductase; Reinventing the Wheel: The NiSOD Story; Nickel Glyoxalase I; Lactate Racemase and Its Niacin-Derived, Covalently-Tethered, Nickel Cofactor; Nickel in Microbial Physiology - from Single Proteins to Complex Trafficking Systems: Nickel Import/Export; Nickel Regulation; Nickel Metallochaperones: Structure, Function, and Nickel-Binding Properties; Cross-Talk Between Nickel and Other Metals in Microbial Systems; Nickel and Virulence in Bacterial Pathogens; Application of Ni(II)-Binding Proteins

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Book SynopsisCyclic peptides are increasingly employed as chemical tools in biology and drug discovery. They have gained a lot of interest as alternative sources of new drugs to traditional small molecules. This book introduces cyclic peptides and provides a thorough overview of biosynthetic and fully synthetic approaches to their preparation. Following an introduction to cyclic peptides, biosynthetic and traditional chemical routes to cyclic peptides are reviewed. Due to their size, their synthesis is not trivial. Recent advances in the incorporation of novel structural units are presented in addition to how synthesis and biological methods can be combined. The chemical analysis of this molecular class is also discussed. Furthermore, chapters detail the progression of cyclic peptides as tools in biology and as potential drugs, providing a future vision of their importance. In total, this book provides the reader with a comprehensive view of the state-of-the-art of cyclic peptides, from construction to possible clinical utility. This book will be an essential resource for students, researchers and scientists within industry in medicinal, bioorganic, natural product and analytical chemistry fields.Table of ContentsAn Introduction to Cyclic Peptides; The Biosynthesis of Cyclic Peptides – RiPPs – an Overview; Thioesterase Domain-mediated Macrocyclization of Non-ribosomal Peptides; The Biosynthetic Machinery and its Potential to Deliver Unnatural Cyclic Peptides; Modulation of Protein–Protein Interactions Using Cyclic Peptides; Biology and Synthesis of the Argyrins; Peptide Cross-links Catalyzed by Metalloenzymes in Natural Product Biosynthesis; Double-click Stapled Peptides for Inhibiting Protein–Protein Interactions; Libraries of Head-to-Tail Peptides; An Introduction to Bacterial Lasso Peptides; Biological Synthesis and Affinity-Based Selection of Small Macrocyclic Peptide Ligands; Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Cyclic Peptides; Experimental and Computational Approaches to the Study of Macrocycle Conformations in Solution; Trends in Cyclotide Research; Cyclic Peptides – A Look to the Future

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