Alternative and renewable energy sources Books

Book SynopsisThis textbook bridges the gap between basic literature on the physics of solar cells and highly specialized books about photovoltaic solar energy conversion. It is intended to give students with a background in engineering, materials science, chemistry or physics a comprehensive introduction to materials concepts for solar cells. To this end, general principles of solar cells and materials demands are explained in the first part of this book. The second part is devoted to the four classes of materials concepts for solar cells: solar cells based on crystals of silicon, epitaxial layer systems of III-V semiconductors, thin-film absorbers on foreign substrates, and nano-composite absorbers.Table of ContentsBasics of Solar Cells and Materials Demands: Basic Characteristics and Characterization of Solar Cells; Photocurrent Generation and The Origin of Photovoltage; Influence of Recombination on the Minimum Lifetime; Charge Separation Across P-n Junctions; Ohmic Contacts for Solar Cells; Maximum Energy Conversion Efficiency of Solar Cells; Materials Specific Concepts: Solar Cells Based on Crystalline Silicon; Solar Cells Based on III-V Semiconductors; Thin-Film Solar Cells; Nano-Composite Solar Cells; Appendix A: Solutions to Tasks.

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Book SynopsisThis textbook bridges the gap between basic literature on the physics of solar cells and highly specialized books about photovoltaic solar energy conversion. It is intended to give students with a background in engineering, materials science, chemistry or physics a comprehensive introduction to materials concepts for solar cells. To this end, general principles of solar cells and materials demands are explained in the first part of this book. The second part is devoted to the four classes of materials concepts for solar cells: solar cells based on crystals of silicon, epitaxial layer systems of III-V semiconductors, thin-film absorbers on foreign substrates, and nano-composite absorbers.Table of ContentsBasics of Solar Cells and Materials Demands: Basic Characteristics and Characterization of Solar Cells; Photocurrent Generation and The Origin of Photovoltage; Influence of Recombination on the Minimum Lifetime; Charge Separation Across P-n Junctions; Ohmic Contacts for Solar Cells; Maximum Energy Conversion Efficiency of Solar Cells; Materials Specific Concepts: Solar Cells Based on Crystalline Silicon; Solar Cells Based on III-V Semiconductors; Thin-Film Solar Cells; Nano-Composite Solar Cells; Appendix A: Solutions to Tasks.

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Book SynopsisThe bioenergy industry has grown rapidly since the turn of the century as politicians and energy producers have sought alternatives to fossil fuels. This has been driven by the growing consensus that carbon dioxide released during the burning of fossil fuels is causing global warming and climate change and the fact that fossil fuel reserves are finite and alternatives will have to be found. The expansion of the industry also came after a sustained period when farm prices were at historically low levels and the prospect of creating additional markets for agricultural produce was an attractive one. The bioenergy industry now represents a major market not only for established crops but also for novel crops and a variety of waste products. Its success, however, has led to a fierce 'food versus fuel' debate on the ethics of using food crops for energy production. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to bioenergy, covering liquid biofuels (bioethanol and biodiesel), biomass and biogas. It describes the feedstocks that are used, including established and potential crops as well as waste, the production processes, the products, the political interventions to support the industry and the impacts the industry has had on markets. It provides information on how this sector is developing and where it may be headed, and aims to give a balanced view on the arguments for and against the exploitation of different bioenergy sources. It would make an excellent entry-level textbook on this fascinating and rapidly changing topic, but is also accessible to the non-expert who wishes to have an overview of an industry that is already having profound effects on agricultural and energy markets around the world.

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Book SynopsisThe bioenergy industry has grown rapidly since the turn of the century as politicians and energy producers have sought alternatives to fossil fuels. This has been driven by the growing consensus that carbon dioxide released during the burning of fossil fuels is causing global warming and climate change and the fact that fossil fuel reserves are finite and alternatives will have to be found. The expansion of the industry also came after a sustained period when farm prices were at historically low levels and the prospect of creating additional markets for agricultural produce was an attractive one. The bioenergy industry now represents a major market not only for established crops but also for novel crops and a variety of waste products. Its success, however, has led to a fierce 'food versus fuel' debate on the ethics of using food crops for energy production. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to bioenergy, covering liquid biofuels (bioethanol and biodiesel), biomass and biogas. It describes the feedstocks that are used, including established and potential crops as well as waste, the production processes, the products, the political interventions to support the industry and the impacts the industry has had on markets. It provides information on how this sector is developing and where it may be headed, and aims to give a balanced view on the arguments for and against the exploitation of different bioenergy sources. It would make an excellent entry-level textbook on this fascinating and rapidly changing topic, but is also accessible to the non-expert who wishes to have an overview of an industry that is already having profound effects on agricultural and energy markets around the world.

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Book SynopsisThe future of clean energy is no longer about science and technology; it's all about access to finance. The fossil fuel industry has been subsidized for decades with tax breaks and government backing, while renewables have struggled to compete. But now clean energy is the safe bet for investors, as is argued in Renewable Energy Finance: Powering the Future, edited by Dr Charles Donovan, Principal Teaching Fellow at Imperial College Business School.With a foreword by Lord Brown and contributions from some of the world's leading experts in energy finance, this timely book documents how investors are spending over US$250 billion each year on new renewable energy projects and positioning themselves in a global investment market that will continue to expand at double-digit growth rates until 2020. It documents first-hand experiences of the challenges of balancing risk and return amid volatile market conditions and rapid shifts in government policy.Renewable Energy Finance provides an insider's perspective on renewable energy transactions, and insight into how countries like the US, India and China are responding to the global energy challenge. Drawing together contributions from senior executives and leading academics, Renewable Energy Finance serves an audience of readers craving intelligent, practical perspectives on the future of clean energy investment.Table of ContentsDefining the Investment Landscape: Introduction to Renewable Energy Finance (Charles Donovan); The Clean Energy Imperative (Jim Skea); How Much Renewable Energy Will the Global Economy Need? (Guy Turner); The Interactions between Finance and Government Policy: The Market Ecosystem for Renewable Energy (Richard Green); The Impact of Government Policies on Renewable Energy Investment (Gireesh Shrimali); Renewable Energy Finance in China (Philip Andrews-Speed & Sufang Zhang); Mobilising Private Sector Capital in Developing Countries (Alexandre Chavarot & Matthew Konieczny); Measuring the Carbon Delta of Investment Performance (Celine McInerney & Derek Bunn); Investor Perspectives on the Renewable Energy Sector: Renewable Energy Investment Decision-Making (Thorsten Helms, Sarah Salm & Rolf Wuestenhagen); The Emerging Role for Private Equity (Brian Potskowski & Chris Hunt); Where Next for Global Investment Banks? (Alejandro Ciruelos); The Untapped Potential of Institutional Investors (David Nelson); The Spectacular Growth of Solar PV Leasing (Bruce Usher & Albert Gore); Crowdfunding: Ready for the Big Leagues? (Sam Friggens & Karl Harder);

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Book SynopsisThe potential for energy transformation from geothermal heat is limitless. For millennia natural sources of this energy, in the form of thermal springs, have been used by populations for heating, cooking and bathing. Modern-day usage has been extended to electricity generation from binary cycle power plants, heat extraction from geothermal heat pumps and use in greenhouses for industrial crop growing. Perspectives for Geothermal Energy in Europe highlights the status of geothermal energy in countries where natural sources of this energy are available. It concludes with a presentation of current geothermal policy and regulations within Europe, and discussion of how this fits in with the EU Energy and Climate Framework.Suitable for students, academics and practitioners in the fields of energy studies, geology and the earth sciences, electrical engineering and environmental economics, this book is the first comprehensive review of the practicalities of geothermal extraction and use in Europe.

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Book Synopsis'The text provides an interesting history of previous and anticipated accomplishments, ending with a chapter on the relationship of fusion power to nuclear weaponry. They conclude on an optimistic note, well worth being understood by the general public.'CHOICEThe gap between the state of fusion energy research and public understanding is vast. In an entertaining and engaging narrative, this popular science book gives readers the basic tools to understand how fusion works, its potential, and contemporary research problems.Written by two young researchers in the field, The Future of Fusion Energy explains how physical laws and the Earth's energy resources motivate the current fusion program — a program that is approaching a critical point. The world's largest science project and biggest ever fusion reactor, ITER, is nearing completion. Its success could trigger a worldwide race to build a power plant, but failure could delay fusion by decades. To these ends, this book details how ITER's results could be used to design an economically competitive power plant as well as some of the many alternative fusion concepts.

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Book SynopsisIn the US South, wood-based bioenergy schemes are being promoted and implemented through a powerful vision merging social, environmental, and economic benefits for rural, forest-dependent communities. While this dominant narrative has led to heavy investment in experimental technologies and rural development, many complexities and complications have emerged during implementation. Forests as Fuel draws on extensive multi-sited ethnography to ground the story of wood-based bioenergy in the biophysical, economic, political, social, and cultural landscape of this region. This book contextualizes energy issues within the history and potential futures of the region’s forested landscapes, highlighting the impacts of varying perceptions of climate change and complex racial dynamics. Eschewing simple answers, the authors illuminate the points of friction that occur as competing visions of bioenergy development confront each other to variously support, reshape, contest, or reject bioenergy development. Building on recent conceptual advances in studies of sociotechnical imaginaries, environmental history, and energy justice, the authors present a careful and nuanced analysis that can provide guidance for promoting meaningful participation of local community members in renewable energy policy and production while recognizing the complex interplay of factors affecting its implementation in local places.Trade ReviewThis work offers an engaging, multi-faceted ethnography, covering two Georgia sites and one in Mississippi…. This book is well-researched and meticulously referenced. It will interest scholars in a wide range of disciplines, from anthropology and environmental studies to political science.Highly recommended. Lower- and upper-division undergraduates. Graduate students, faculty, and professionals. General readers. * Choice Reviews *When most people think of renewable energy innovation, they might envision California with its progressive environmental policies or Texas with its burgeoning wind industry. Less often do people or scholars locate the epicenter of renewable energy development in the forests of the Deep South. Forests as Fuel reveals a complicated and compelling story about what technological innovation looks like in rural areas of the South that are fraught with economic challenges and deep racial divides. This book is a must-read for anyone interested in wood-based energy development and environmental justice. -- Sarah Mittlefehldt, Northern Michigan UniversityHitchner, Schelhas, and Brosius offer a comprehensive ethno-graphic analysis of the challenges to sustainable forest-based bioenergy - as seen through the eyes of the people of the U.S. South. The authors carefully identify points of friction and opportunities in a sector that needs to be inclusive in its land-based energy quest to respond to a changing climate. -- Francisco X. Aguilar Cabezas, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesTable of ContentsForewordJ. Marshall ShepherdIntroduction Bioenergy Stories at the Intersection of Energy, Landscape, Race, and Climate in the U.S. SouthChapter 2 What People Hear and What People Say about Bioenergy: Translating Bioenergy Narratives, Imaginaries, and MetaphorsChapter 3 Bioenergy Landscapes: Impacts of Bioenergy Developments on Forest-Dependent Communities in the U.S. SouthChapter 4 What’s Climate Change Got to Do with It?: The Relevance (Or Not) of Climate Change to Perceptions of BioenergyChapter 5 “The South Be the South”: How Bioenergy Development Illustrates and Affects Racial Dynamics in the U.S. SouthConclusion A New Bioenergy Imaginary in the U.S. South

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Book SynopsisIn the US South, wood-based bioenergy schemes are being promoted and implemented through a powerful vision merging social, environmental, and economic benefits for rural, forest-dependent communities. While this dominant narrative has led to heavy investment in experimental technologies and rural development, many complexities and complications have emerged during implementation. Forests as Fuel draws on extensive multi-sited ethnography to ground the story of wood-based bioenergy in the biophysical, economic, political, social, and cultural landscape of this region. This book contextualizes energy issues within the history and potential futures of the region’s forested landscapes, highlighting the impacts of varying perceptions of climate change and complex racial dynamics. Eschewing simple answers, the authors illuminate the points of friction that occur as competing visions of bioenergy development confront each other to variously support, reshape, contest, or reject bioenergy development. Building on recent conceptual advances in studies of sociotechnical imaginaries, environmental history, and energy justice, the authors present a careful and nuanced analysis that can provide guidance for promoting meaningful participation of local community members in renewable energy policy and production while recognizing the complex interplay of factors affecting its implementation in local places.Trade ReviewWhen most people think of renewable energy innovation, they might envision California with its progressive environmental policies or Texas with its burgeoning wind industry. Less often do people or scholars locate the epicenter of renewable energy development in the forests of the Deep South. Forests as Fuel reveals a complicated and compelling story about what technological innovation looks like in rural areas in the South that are fraught with economic challenges and deep racial divides. This book is a must-read for anyone interested in wood-based energy development and environmental justice. -- Sarah Mittlefehldt, Northern Michigan UniversityHitchner, Schelhas, and Brosius offer a comprehensive ethno-graphic analysis of the challenges to sustainable forest-based bioenergy - as seen through the eyes of the people of the U.S. South. The authors carefully identify points of friction and opportunities in a sector that needs to be inclusive in its land-based energy quest to respond to a changing climate. -- Francisco X. Aguilar Cabezas, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesTable of ContentsForewordJ. Marshall ShepherdIntroduction Bioenergy Stories at the Intersection of Energy, Landscape, Race, and Climate in the U.S. SouthChapter 2 What People Hear and What People Say about Bioenergy: Translating Bioenergy Narratives, Imaginaries, and MetaphorsChapter 3 Bioenergy Landscapes: Impacts of Bioenergy Developments on Forest-Dependent Communities in the U.S. SouthChapter 4 What’s Climate Change Got to Do with It?: The Relevance (Or Not) of Climate Change to Perceptions of BioenergyChapter 5 “The South Be the South”: How Bioenergy Development Illustrates and Affects Racial Dynamics in the U.S. SouthConclusion A New Bioenergy Imaginary in the U.S. South

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Book SynopsisThis book features five peer-reviewed reviews on best practices for improving the sustainability of dairy production. The first chapter reviews the main, internationally accepted methods available to evaluate the environmental impact of dairy farming, identify levers of action and set environmental targets.The second chapter considers how dairy farms can manage both energy consumption and water in order to minimise their environmental impacts. The chapter also addresses the issue of sustainable water use.The third chapter provides a compilation of current research which highlights the need to further examine dietary mitigation strategies in ruminant production systems at a whole farm level. The chapter also discusses the range of nutritional strategies available for enteric- and manure-CH4 abatement.The fourth chapter focusses on the role of the ruminant microbiome in methane emissions and the potential genetic factors affecting microbial composition and emission reduction.The final chapter highlights the growing issue of food loss and waste (FLW) in countries with developed dairy value chains. The chapter discusses the key stages and management practices for reducing FLW in dairy value chains, as well as how decision-making can be improved. Reviews the range of methods available to evaluate the environmental impact of dairy production Considers the role of the ruminant microbiome on energy harvest and methane emission Addresses how dairy farms can function more sustainably, focussing on how energy consumption and water use can be optimised to reduce environmental impact

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Book SynopsisThis book features five peer-reviewed reviews on developing a circular economy in agriculture.The first chapter discusses the relationship between a circular economy and bioeconomy as they relate to agriculture, as well as the key principles and challenges of circular, closed-loop agricultural systems.The second chapter introduces new approaches to food production and ?waste? management, including the opportunity to partially close nutrient cycles in urban agricultural settings and the wider food system.The third chapter provides a brief overview of the key principles of a circular economy and discusses how the advent of new alternatives to plastic food packaging can contribute to mitigating plastic waste and its environmental impact.The fourth chapter discusses facility-based plant production systems, such as plant factories, and the importance of the circulation of materials in achieving a sustainable balance between food production and environmental protection.The final chapter considers how regenerative urban agri-food systems can be built through a circular economy approach and provides examples of how this can be achieved, as well as how novel natural resource networks can be created in circular food economies in urban areas. Provides an overview of the key challenges facing successful development of circular, closed-loop agricultural systems Details recent advances in waste management and its application in urban agricultural settings Reviews sustainable alternatives to plastics in food packaging and their role in mitigating the environmental impact of the food-packaging industry

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Book SynopsisGreenhouse gas removal (GGR) technologies can remove greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Most of the current GGR technologies focus on carbon dioxide removal, these include afforestation and reforestation, bioenergy with carbon capture and storage, direct air capture, enhanced weathering, soil carbon sequestration and biochar, ocean fertilisation and coastal blue carbon. GGR technologies will be essential in limiting global warning to temperatures below 1.5°C (targets by the IPCC and COP21) and will be required to achieve deep reductions in atmospheric CO2 concentration. In the context of recent legally binding legislation requiring the transition to a net zero emissions economy by 2050, GGR technologies are broadly recognised as being indispensable. This book provides the most up-to-date information on GGR technologies that provide removal of atmosphere CO2, giving insight into their role and value in achieving climate change mitigation targets. Chapters discuss the issues associated with commercial development and deployment of GGRs, providing potential approaches to overcome these hurdles through a combination of political, economic and R&D strategies. With contributions from leaders in the field, this title is an indispensable resource for graduate students and researchers in academia and industry, working in chemical engineering, mechanical engineering and energy policy.Table of ContentsIntroduction; Greenhouse Gas Removal: Overview and Current Status of Deployment; Negative Emissions: The Role and Response of the Climate System; Accounting Negative Emissions. How Difficult Could It Be?; Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS); Direct Air Capture; Geochemical Negative Emission Technologies; Soil Carbon Sequestration and Biochar; Afforestation/Reforestation (AR); Feasibility of Using Biologically-based Processes in the Open Ocean and Coastal Seas for Atmospheric CO2 Removal; Comparison of Technologies and Practices for Removing Carbon Dioxide from the Atmosphere; Global Distribution of Negative Emissions; Political and Socio-economic Challenges of Greenhouse Gas Removal Technologies; Priorities for Policy Design; Socially Equitable Energy Transitions: Analytical Challenges and Policy Implications

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Book SynopsisA natural complement to the book Energy Studies by the same authors, this book contains solutions to 370 existing and new problems, many with illustrations, and updated Tables of Data on fuel supply.This book is also available as a set with Energy Studies.Energy Studies considers the various options of renewable energy, including water energy, wind energy and biomass, solar thermal and solar photovoltaic energy. And should the nuclear option remain open? The book examines the environmental implications and economic viability of all fossil and renewable sources, introduces more distant future options of geothermal energy and nuclear fusion, and discusses a near-future energy strategy.Table of ContentsSolutions of the End-of-Chapter Problems plus Additional Problems, with Solutions: Energy and Power; Energy Resources and Energy Use; Electricity; Coal; Petroleum; Natural Gas; Geothermal Energy; Nuclear Energy; Water Energy; Wind Energy; Solar Heating of Water or Air; Solar Photovoltaic Conversion; Biological Energy and Chemical Energy; The Energy Future.

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Book SynopsisThe second edition of Clean Electricity from Photovoltaics, first published in 2001, provides an updated account of the underlying science, technology and market prospects for photovoltaics. All areas have advanced considerably in the decade since the first edition was published, which include: multi-crystalline silicon cell efficiencies having made impressive advances, thin-film CdTe cells having established a decisive market presence, and organic photovoltaics holding out the prospect of economical large-scale power production.

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Book SynopsisPresently there is no single publication available which covers the topics related to photovoltaic (PV) or photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) technologies, thermal modelling, CO2 mitigation and carbon trading. This book disseminates the current knowledge in the fundamentals of solar energy, photovoltaic (PV) or photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) technologies, energy security and climate change and is aimed at undergraduate and postgraduate students and professionals. The main emphasis of the book is on the design, construction, performance and application of PV and PV/T from the electricity and thermal standpoint. Hot topics covered in the book include: energy security of a nation, climate change, CO2 mitigation and carbon credit earned by using PV or PV/T technologies (Carbon Trading). This information will prove helpful in filling the gap between the researchers and professionals working on the application of photovoltaic and global climate change. It also covers economic, cost effective and sustainable aspects of photovoltaic technologies. The book gives a detailed history of the new technological developments in PV/T systems worldwide with system photographs and references and elaborates on the fundamentals of hybrid systems and their performances with thermal modelling. Energy and exergy analysis, techno-economic analysis and carbon trading are key chapters for research professionals. The book also includes important case studies to aid understanding of the subject for all readers.Table of ContentsSolar Radiation; History of PV integrated systems; Solar cell materials and its characteristics; PV Array Analysis; Role of batteries and its uses; Case Studies of PV/T Systems; Thermal modeling of hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems; Energy and Exergy Analysis; CO2 Mitigation and Carbon Trading; Economic Analysis; Appendices; Glossary; Subject Index

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Book SynopsisThe last few years have seen the concept of bioenergy and biofuels come of age. Rising oil prices have lead to more food crops being grown for energy as well as food. This has created controversy by adding to the upward pressure on crop commodity prices that was already being created by the increasing demand for food from an expanding population. More attention has, therefore, focussed on meeting the rising demand for bioenergy and biofuels in more sustainable ways. A wider range of crops is being explored, including non-food crops, as well as the use of crop residues rather than grain or seed. Energy Crops is a comprehensive reference source which looks at this topic from the plant and agricultural science perspective. It covers energy crops that are already in use and those that are being developed or researched. Species that have been cultivated by humankind for millennia, and some that have never been considered as crops before, fall within its coverage. The introductory chapter defines energy crops before reviewing the development and current state of the technology. It also gives an historical perspective and introduces the ethical issues. Each of the subsequent chapters is dedicated to a single crop and describes the current usage of that crop for energy, its potential for future development, the economics of its use for energy production, and the research that is being undertaken to tailor it for use as an energy crop. Where appropriate, the implications for food and feed security are balanced against the benefits in terms of fuel security, the impending oil supply 'peak', the need to reduce CO2 emissions, and the implications for climate change mitigation. Each chapter is written by a specialist author or authors of international standing. The chapters by representatives of the plant breeding and biofuel industries give an industrial perspective on why energy crops have 'come of age'. They also describe how the sector is expected to develop with a wish list of crop improvements that industry would like to see realized. These include higher levels of fermentable starch, cellulose, fibres and oil quality through to the production of pure hydrocarbons. The book is suitable for undergraduates, postgraduates, academics, and those working in industry.Table of ContentsIntroduction; Cereals; Sugar crops; Oil crops; Non-food crops; Socio-economic considerations; Industry perspective

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Book SynopsisThere is increasing recognition that low-cost, high capacity processes for the conversion of biomass into fuels and chemicals are essential for expanding the utilization of carbon neutral processes, reducing dependency on fossil fuel resources, and increasing rural income. While much attention has focused on the use of biomass to produce ethanol via fermentation, high capacity processes are also required for the production of hydrocarbon fuels and chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass. In this context, this book provides an up-to-date overview of the thermochemical methods available for biomass conversion to liquid fuels and chemicals. In addition to traditional conversion technologies such as fast pyrolysis, new developments are considered, including catalytic routes for the production of liquid fuels from carbohydrates and the use of ionic liquids for lignocellulose utilization. The individual chapters, written by experts in the field, provide an introduction to each topic, as well as describing recent research developments.Trade ReviewThis book is an up-to-date overview of the thermochemical methods available for biomass conversion to liquid fuels an dchemicals.Table of ContentsIntroduction; Background; Feedstocks: Availability, Composition, and Impact on Catalysis; Biomass Pretreatment; Biochemical Catalysis; Chemical Catalysis; Thermochemical Catalysis; Hybrid Technologies; Summary and Future Directions

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Book SynopsisThis book, a distillation of information only touched upon in other books, is aimed at undergraduate and postgraduate students, scientists, engineers and industrialists with an interest in the field.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Background; Chapter 2: Operation Analysis of a Compound Energy System -Exhaust Heat Use Plan when Connecting Solar Modules to a Fuel Cell Network; Chapter 3: Operation of Compound Energy System -Fuel Cell Network System Considering Reduction in Fuel Cell Capacity; Chapter 4: Power Independent House Using PEFC -Operation Plan of a Combined Fuel Cell Cogeneration, Solar Module, and Geo-Thermal Heat Pump System; Chapter 5: PEFC / Engine Generator Compound Energy System (1) -CO2 Discharge Characteristic of PEFC / Hydrogen-Gas-Engine Hybrid Cogeneration; Chapter 6: PEFC / Engine Generator Compound Energy System (2) -Power Generation Efficiency of an Independent Microgrid Composed of Distributed Engine Generators; Chapter 7: PEFC / Green Energy Compound System (1) -Operation Planning of a PEFC and Photovoltaics with Prediction of Electricity Production Using GA and Numerical Weather Information; Chapter 8: PEFC / Green Energy Compound System (2) -Overall Efficiency of a PEFC with a Bioethanol Solar Reforming System for Individual Houses; Chapter 9: PEFC / Green Energy Compound System (3) -Fuel Cell microgrid with Wind Power Generation; Chapter 10: Solar Cell / Diesel Engine Compound System with Production-of-Electricity Prediction; Chapter 11: Dynamic Characteristics of Power for PEFC Compound System; Chapter 12: Performance Analysis and Assessment of Compound Energy Systems Using Exergy Analysis Method

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Book SynopsisThis book reviews the state-of-the-art in fuel cells (low and high temperature) across all the types applied in the field today and assesses current trends in development. The main technology problems are discussed and current gaps to market success identified. The innovations covered in the book deliver new answers to pertinent problems and/or offer new opportunities, be it in operating conditions, application area, extension of lifetime, new fuels, exciting new diagnosis and analysis methods. The volume gives an insight not only to the key developments within the next few years, but also shows perspectives in the mid-term. Readers receive an overview of cutting edge, challenging research and development that can be used in future developments, both of personal careers, as well as in company technology planning.Table of ContentsPrinted Enzymatic Current Sources; Potential of Multilayer Ceramics for Micro Fuel Cells; Trends in High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells; Large Auxiliary Power Units for Vessels and Airplanes; Going Beyond Hydrogen: Non-hydrogen Fuels, Re-oxidation and Impurity Effects on Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes; Direct Carbon Fuel Cells; Integrating Degradation into Fuel Cell Models and Lifetime Prediction; Accelerated Lifetime Testing for Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells; Electrolysis Using Fuel Cell Technology; Hydrogen Production by Internal Reforming Fuel Cells; Products, Not Technology: Some Thoughts on Market Introduction Processes

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Book SynopsisCurrent world fossil oil production is struggling to meet demand and may even show a decline after 2010. It is therefore necessary to develop new energy efficient production pathways for transportation biofuels. This book offers an insight into three promising and innovative pathways for the biological production of biodiesel, ethanol and methane. These unconventional methods should provide higher product yields, less stringent feedstock specifications, lower chemical additive demand, reduced waste production and much better energy balances when compared to more traditional methods. The first pathway is the enzymatic production of a new kind of biodiesel where no glycerol waste is produced and a twenty percent higher product yield is obtained. The other two pathways are based on the biological conversion of syngas into ethanol or methane using various kinds of lignocellulosic biomass as the starting point. For each of the three pathways a comparison will be made with competing production methods. The contents reflect extended desktop research and show practical experimental results. Government scientists, academics and biofuel producers with an interest in novel transportation fuels will all find this book to be essential reading.Table of ContentsIntroduction Biological conversion of syngas into ethanol Biological conversion of syngas into other fuels Enzymatic glycerol-free biodiesel production Concluding remarks

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Book SynopsisSolar photovoltaics is one of the most promising renewable energy technologies, producing electricity on site directly from the solar radiation without harming the environment and depletion of materials. The Building Integrated Photovoltaic Thermal (BIPVT) system is a technology which merges PV and thermal systems, simultaneously providing both electric and thermal energy. Through this combination more energy is generated per unit surface area in comparison to the standalone photovoltaics system. Benefits of the BIPVT system include significantly increased electrical performance, faster payback than traditional systems, negligible impact on the environment and the product is easier and less expensive to install with low maintenance required. This book describes the recent developments in PV technologies, solar radiation available on the earth, various BIPVT systems and their applications, energy and exergy analysis, carbondioxide migration and credit earned, life cycle cost analysis and life cycle conversion efficiency. Presently there is no single book which covers all the basic and the advanced concepts related to the implementation of solar energy for the passive heating and cooling of the building. In addition to the basic concepts, the book includes the technology advances, modelling and analysis and ongoing research in the area of BIPVT. Key features of book include: -Solar heating and cooling concepts -Thermal comfort -Performance analysis of BIPVT system -Worldwide case studies -Energy payback period -Techno-economics and sustainability of the system The book, written by experts in the field with years of research and teaching, is intended for the specialists, scientists and people involved in research in the disciplines of renewable energy, energy studies, building energy or carbon credit. For the practicing professional, advanced senior or graduate student with work experience, the book should be used as part of an integrative program enabling them to make deep linkages and thus better decisions in the professional world.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Technology Development; Chapter 2: Solar Radiation and Heat Transfer; Chapter 3: Building Integrated Photovoltaic Thermal Systems; Chapter 4: Thermal Comforts; Chapter 5: Case Study with BIPVT Systems Under Cold Climatic Conditions; Chapter 6: CO2 Migration and Credit Trading; Chapter 7: Economic Analysis; Chapter 8: Other Configuration of BIPVT Systems and its Applications

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Book SynopsisThis book is an ideal reference text for teaching renewable energy to engineering and science students, as well as a reference book for scientists and professionals doing self study on the subject. The book has twelve chapters and starts with the definition and classification of renewable and non renewable energy and their status at global level. This chapter also contains the basic heat transfer mechanisms and laws of thermodynamics. It then deals with availability of solar radiation at different latitudes and energy and exergy analysis of flat plate collector, solar air collector, solar concentrator, evacuated tube collector, solar water heating system, solar distillation and solar cooker. The following chapter discusses the basics of semiconductor, its characteristics, working, characteristics of solar cell in dark and daylight situation, fundamentals of characteristic curves of semiconductor, fundamentals of PV module and array and some PVT systems. Detailed discussion on biomass, bio-fuels and biogas and their applications and the power produced by them, namely bio-power, is covered in the following chapters. Other renewable energy sources like hydropower, wind and geothermal are then covered as well as a chapter dealing with the working principle, basic theory and the capability to produce power from ocean thermal, tidal, wave and animal energy conversion systems. Subsequently, net CO2 mitigation, carbon credit, climate change and environmental impacts of all renewable energy resources are all covered followed by a discussion on the techno-economic feasibility of any energy sources as the backbone of its success and hence energy and economic analysis. The chapters deal the overall exergy of renewable energy sources by using the thermal and mechanical power and electrical energy as output. SI units are used throughout the book in solving various exercises in each chapter and conversion units of various physical and chemical parameters of metals and non-metals are also given in appendices.Trade Review"If you’re interested in renewable energy or involved in any renewable energy research, Advanced renewable energy sources provides an excellent overview. " -- Nina Chadwick * Chemistry World, August Edition 2012 *" This book is therefore an exceptional tool for any scientists involved in public engagement or studying any type of renewable energy technology." -- Nina Chadwick * Chemistry World, August Edition, 2012 *Table of ContentsGeneral Introduction; Solar Energy; Photovoltaic and Photovoltaic Thermal Systems; Biofuels Biopower; Hydropower; Wind Energy; Geothermal Energy; Ocean Thermal, Tidal, Wave and Animal Energy; Sustainable Environment; Energy and Exergy Analysis; Economics of Renewable Energy; Appendix; Glossary; Subject Index

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Book SynopsisA detailed survey of the main areas of bio-energy and biomass, solar energy and hydro, wind and water power. The authors address the advantages and disadvantages of renewable energies, their appropriateness, and their socio-economic implications.

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Book SynopsisWe need energy to warm and light our homes, to power our transport and communications, and to support our manufacturing industries. Can we obtain enough energy to satisfy the needs of a rapidly increasing world population without, at the same time, devastating the earth? Is nuclear power the way to do this?This book surveys available energy sources and their effects on the environment in the context of moral imperatives and political realities.Trade Review"... this book is well worthwhile reading. Many of the points made are very real and need debating." Euro Japanese JournalTable of ContentsThe energy crisis; the renewable energy sources; nuclear power; the safety of nuclear reactors; choosing the best energy sources; effects on the environment; energy scenarios; political aspects of the energy crisis; moral aspects of the energy crisis.

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Book SynopsisWe need energy to warm and light our homes, to power our transport and communications, and to support our manufacturing industries. Can we obtain enough energy to satisfy the needs of a rapidly increasing world population without, at the same time, devastating the earth? Is nuclear power the way to do this?This book surveys available energy sources and their effects on the environment in the context of moral imperatives and political realities.Table of ContentsThe energy crisis; the renewable energy sources; nuclear power; the safety of nuclear reactors; choosing the best energy sources; effects on the environment; energy scenarios; political aspects of the energy crisis; moral aspects of the energy crisis.

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Book SynopsisThe future of clean energy is no longer about science and technology; it's all about access to finance. The fossil fuel industry has been subsidized for decades with tax breaks and government backing, while renewables have struggled to compete. But now clean energy is the safe bet for investors, as is argued in Renewable Energy Finance: Powering the Future, edited by Dr Charles Donovan, Principal Teaching Fellow at Imperial College Business School.With a foreword by Lord Brown and contributions from some of the world's leading experts in energy finance, this timely book documents how investors are spending over US$250 billion each year on new renewable energy projects and positioning themselves in a global investment market that will continue to expand at double-digit growth rates until 2020. It documents first-hand experiences of the challenges of balancing risk and return amid volatile market conditions and rapid shifts in government policy.Renewable Energy Finance provides an insider's perspective on renewable energy transactions, and insight into how countries like the US, India and China are responding to the global energy challenge. Drawing together contributions from senior executives and leading academics, Renewable Energy Finance serves an audience of readers craving intelligent, practical perspectives on the future of clean energy investment.

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Book SynopsisThis book, divided in two volumes, originates from Techno-Societal 2020: the 3rd International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Societal Applications, Maharashtra, India, that brings together faculty members of various engineering colleges to solve Indian regional relevant problems under the guidance of eminent researchers from various reputed organizations. The focus of this volume is on technologies that help develop and improve society, in particular on issues such as sensor and ICT based technologies for the betterment of people, Technologies for agriculture and healthcare, micro and nano technological applications.This conference aims to help innovators to share their best practices or products developed to solve specific local problems which in turn may help the other researchers to take inspiration to solve problems in their region. On the other hand, technologies proposed by expert researchers may find applications in different regions. This offers a multidisciplinary platform for researchers from a broad range of disciplines of Science, Engineering and Technology for reporting innovations at different levels.Table of ContentsProvisional ToC Volume 1: Part 1. Sensor, Image and Data Driven Societal Technologies Part 2. Holistic Approach for Sustainable Technologies Part 3. Advanced Technologies for Water, Energy, Transportation, Housing and Sanitation Part 4. Chemical and Physical Processes

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Book SynopsisRenewable Energy Integration for Bulk Power Systems: ERCOT and the Texas Interconnection looks at the practices and changes introduced in the Texas electric grid to facilitate renewable energy integration. It offers an informed perspective on solutions that have been successfully demonstrated, tested, and validated by the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) to meet the key challenges which engineers face in integrating increased levels of renewable resources into existing electric grids while maintaining reliability. Coverage includes renewable forecasting, ancillary services, and grid and market operations. Proved methods and their particular use scenarios, including wind, solar, and other resources like batteries and demand response, are also covered. The book focuses on a real-world context that will help practicing engineers, utility providers, and researchers understand the practical considerations for developing renewable integration solutions and inspire the future development of more innovative strategies and theoretical underpinnings.Table of Contents1) Renewable Integration at ERCOT 2) Overview of Market Operation at ERCOT 3) Market Designs to Integrate Renewable Resources4) Ancillary Services (AS) at ERCOT5) Design of New Primary Frequency Control Market for Hosting Frequency Response Reserve Offers from both Generators and Loads 6) New Ancillary Service Market for ERCOT - Fast Frequency Response (FFR)7) System Inertia Trend and Critical Inertia8) Multiple-Period Reactive Power Coordination for Renewable Integration9) Renewable Forecast10) Ensemble Machine Learning Based Wind Forecasting to Combine NWP Output with Data from Weather Stations

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Book SynopsisThis book provides students and practicing engineers with a comprehensive guide to off-grid electrification: from microgrids and energy kiosks to solar home systems and solar lanterns. As the off-grid electrification industry grows, universities are starting and expanding courses and programs in humanitarian engineering and appropriate technology. However, there is no textbook that serves this growing market. This book fills that gap by providing a technical foundation of off-grid electrical systems, putting into context the technical aspects for developing countries, and discussing best practices by utilizing real-world data. Chapters expertly integrate the technical aspects of off-grid systems with lessons learned from industry-practitioners taking a pragmatic, data-driven perspective. A variety of off-grid systems and technologies are discussed, including solar, wind, hydro, generator sets, biomass systems, battery storage and converters. Realistic examples, case studies and practical considerations from actual systems highlight the interaction of off-grid systems with the economic, environmental, social and broader development aspects of rural electrification. Whole chapters are dedicated to the operation and control of mini-grids, load and resource estimation, and design of off-grid systems. Special topics focused on electricity access in developing countries are included, such as energy use in rural communities, technical and economic considerations of grid extension, electricity theft, metering, and best practices devoted to common problems. Each chapter is instructor friendly and contains illustrative examples and problems that reinforce key concepts. Complex, open-ended design problems throughout the book challenge the reader to think critically and deeply. The book is appropriate for use in advanced undergraduate and graduate courses related to electrical and energy engineering, humanitarian engineering, and appropriate technology. Provides a technical foundation of off-grid electrical systems; Contextualizes the technical aspects for developing countries; Captures the current and state-of-the art in this rapidly developing field. Table of ContentsEnergy Development.- Development of Fundamentals.- Grid Extension.- Off-Grid Systems.- Control of Off-Grid Systems.- Control of Off-Grid Systems.- Off-Grid Design Approaches.- Solar Home Systems & Solar Lanterns.- Economic and Business Considerations.- Practical Considerations.- Grid Connected Issues.- Case Studies.

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Book SynopsisDieses essential gibt einen Überblick über die Veränderungen unseres Klimas, ihre Ursachen und ihre Folgen. Der Energiebedarf der Menschheit wird heute weitgehend auf klimaschädliche Weise gedeckt. Die Alternative dazu, die Sonnenenergie, würde unseren Bedarf tausendfach befriedigen. Aber diese Option wird aus überwiegend wirtschaftlichen Gründen viel zu wenig genutzt. In diesem essential werden anschließend die Energiewandler besprochen, mit denen man die Sonnenenergie verfügbar machen kann. Einige andere moderne Energiequellen, wie zum Beispiel die Kernenergie, sind entweder nicht ausreichend, noch utopisch oder auf andere Weise umweltschädlich. Ein Ausblick zeigt, dass unser Energieproblem mit ökonomischer Vernunft durch globale Nutzung der Sonnenenergie leicht zu lösen wäre. Das Klima könnte so noch rechtzeitig stabilisiert werdenTable of ContentsEinführung.- Das Klima.- Das Kohlendioxid CO2.- Der Energiebedarf.- Die Sonne.- Die Sonnenenergiewandler.- Nichtsolare Energiequellen.

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Book SynopsisDas essential behandelt die technoökonomischen Grundlagen und deren Anwendung auf die Schlüsseltechnologien der Energiewende. Zunächst erfolgt eine inhaltliche Klärung und formale Herleitung von statischen und dynamischen Skaleneffekten sowie eine Übersicht bzgl. deren unterschiedlicher Kombinationsmöglichkeiten für die Diskussion von Best- und Worst-Case-Szenarien. Für eine Anwendung dieser Grundlagen stehen zunächst die diversen brennstoffbasierten KWK-Varianten, insbesondere Blockheizkraftwerke (BHKW), im Zentrum. Anschließend erfolgt eine Ausweitung der Betrachtungen auf die regenerativen Energietechnologien Photovoltaik und Windkraft. Mit einem kurzen Blick auf weitere Technologien wie Wärmepumpen sowie elektrische und thermische Energiespeicher finden diese Darstellungen ihren Abschluss.Table of ContentsEinleitung und Überblick.- Technoökonomische Grundlagen: Statische und dynamische Skaleneffekte.- Technoökonomie der brennstoffbasierten Stromerzeugung.- Technoökonomie der Photovoltaik.- Technoökonomie der Windenergie.- Ausblick auf weitere Technologien und Fazit.

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Book SynopsisThis volume is a collection of lectures given at the two colloquia on atmospheric flows over complex terrain with applications to wind energy and air pollution, organized and sponsored by ICTP in Trieste, Italy. The colloquia were the result of the recognition of the importance of renewable energy sources, an important aspect which grows yearly as the environmental problems become more pronounced and their effects more direct and intense, while at the same time, the wise management of the Earth's evidently limited resources becomes imperative.It is divided into two main parts. The first, which comprises Chaps. 1 to 4, presents the structure of the atmospheric boundary layer with emphasis in the region adjacent to the ground. The second, Chaps. 5 to 10, discusses methods for the numerical computation of the wind field on an arbitrary terrain. The unique feature of this book is that it does not stop at the theoretical exposition of the analytical and numerical techniques but includes a number of codes, in a diskette, where the mechanisms and techniques presented in the main part are implemented and can be run by the reader. Some of the codes are of instructional value while others can be utilized for simple operational work.Some of the lecturers are: D N Asimakopoulos, C I Aspliden, V R Barros, A K Blackadar, G A Dalu, A de Baas, D Etling, G Furlan, D P Lalas, P J Mason, C F Ratto and F B Smith.Table of ContentsThe structure of the atmospheric boundary layer; the ABL theory; measurements in the ABL; effects of horizontal inhomogeneity; the wind energy conversion; wind field computation - the mass-consistent approach; wind field computation - the Jackson-Hunt approach; wind field computation - intercomparison of approaches; mesoscale models; wind statistics.

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Book SynopsisThis is the final volume of a 3-volume history of solar power generating systems covering the approximately 50 years of research and development surrounding the energy crisis of 1973. Volume 1 focused on solar-thermal systems and the second volume on photovoltaic systems in the 20th century. Volume 3 covers photovoltaic developments from the start of the 21st century. The history is based upon keynote lectures given by international specialists at the Sede Boqer Symposia on Solar Electric Power Production, a series that commenced in 1986. The lectures document many technical details that have become hard to find, including some pertaining to technologies that were successfully demonstrated but subsequently discontinued owing to their not having been deemed to be cost-effective at the time. However, in the event that different economic considerations may ensue, these volumes can provide a valuable starting point, including references, for the re-investigation of some of those once abandoned ideas.

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Book SynopsisAs industrialized nations look into emerging new technologies focusing on renewable or efficient energy use along with the move towards Sustainable Development Goals challenges related to achieving low carbon economy projects have gained much attention. This book explores various initiatives and potential methods to achieve net-zero carbon targets and issues.Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) will play an important role as an effective and comprehensive method to analyze potential greenhouse gas emissions and other environmental impacts of a technology or system. LCA is a holistic and system-wide scientific method that can be used to quantify impact metrics chosen to evaluate any emerging Net-Zero Carbon technologies of interest, and reveal environmental trade-offs or further research opportunities that are required for balancing CO2 emissions. LCA perspectives of Net-Zero Carbon Technologies can also be used to outline decision-making strategies for a nation's shift towards low carbon economic development.

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Book SynopsisSilicon Carbide power devices are being increasingly adopted for many applications such as electric vehicles and charging stations. There is a large demand for a resource to learn and understand the basic physics of operation of these devices to create engineers with in depth knowledge about them.This unique compendium provides a comprehensive design guide for Silicon Carbide power devices. It systematically describes the device structures and analytical models for computing their characteristics. The device structures included are the Schottky diode, JBS rectifier, power MOSFET, JBSFET, IGBT and BiDFET. Unique structures that address achieving excellent voltage blocking and on-resistance are emphasized.This useful textbook and reference innovations for achieving superior high frequency operation and highlights manufacturing technology for the devices. The book will benefit professionals, academics, researchers and graduate students in the fields of electrical and electronic engineering, circuits and systems, semiconductors, and energy studies.

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Book SynopsisThis compendium includes a wide range of topics, from energy science and technology, development and utilization of resources to sustainable ecological development. It serves not only as a combination and analysis of the existing theories and findings, but also emphasizes on new investigations and experiments.The book is an invaluable source for professionals, researchers, academicians and engineers. It is also an important tool for authors to re-examine their researches by comparing them to other similar ones shown in other papers.

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Book SynopsisIs wind power the answer to our energy supply problems? Is there enough wind for everyone? Is offshore generation better than onshore generation? Can a roof-mounted wind turbine generate enough electricity to supply a typical domestic household?Electricity Generation Using Wind Power (2nd Edition) answers these pressing questions through its detailed coverage of the different types of electrical generator machines used, as well as the power electronic converter technologies and control principles employed. Also covered is the integration of wind farms into established electricity grid systems, plus environmental and economic aspects of wind generation.Written for technically minded readers, especially electrical engineers concerned with the possible use of wind power for generating electricity, it incorporates some global meteorological and geographical features of wind supply plus a survey of past and present wind turbines. Included is a technical assessment of the choice of turbine sites. The principles and analysis of wind power conversion, transmission and efficiency evaluation are described.This book includes worked numerical examples in some chapters, plus end of chapter problems and review questions, with answers. As a textbook it is pitched at the level of final year undergraduate engineering study but may also be useful as a textbook or reference for wider technical studies.

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Book SynopsisEffects of environmental, economic, social, political and technical factors have led to the rapid deployment of various sources of renewable energy-based power generation. The incorporation of these generation technologies have led to the development of a broad array of new methods and tools to integrate this new form of generation into the power system network. This book, arranged into six sections, highlights various renewable energy based generation technologies, and consists a series of papers written by experts in their respective fields of specialization.The Handbook of Renewable Energy Technology will be of great practical benefit to professionals, scientists and researchers in the relevant industries, and will be of interest to those of the general public wanting to know more about renewable energy technologies.Table of ContentsWind Energy Systems: Wind Energy Systems (Ramesh C Bansal & Ravita Prasad); Wind Turbine Generation Systems Modelling for Integration in Power Systems (Adria Junyent-Ferre); Wind Turbines and Its Dynamic Model (S Masoud Barakati); Wake Effects from Wind Turbines on Overhead Lines (Brian Wareing); Technologies and Methods Used in Wind Resource Assessment (WRA) and Economic Analysis of Wind Systems (Ravita Prasad & Ramesh C Bansal); Line Side Converters in Wind Power Applications (Ana Vladan Stankovic & Dejan Schreiber); Auxiliary Damping Controller to Enhance the Stability of the DFIG based Wind Farms (Y Mishra); Solar Energy Systems: Solar Energy Calculations (Keith E Holbert); Photovoltaic Materials and Electrical Characteristics (Ramesh C Bansal & Ravita Prasad); Photovoltaic Systems (Ramesh C Bansal & Ravita Prasad); Solar Thermal (Keith Holbert); Solar Tunnel Dryer - A Promising Option for Solar Drying (M S Sevda et al.); Non-Grid Solar Thermal Technologies (M S Sevda et al.); MPPT of Solar Systems (Ashish Pandey); Nanocrystalline Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (Atul Raturi); Small Hydro Power Systems: Small-Hydro Power Plant: Design, Construction, Operation, and Maintenance (Shankar Karki); Frequency Control of Small Hydro Power Plant (Suryanarayana Doolla); Other Renewable Energy Systems: Biomass/Biogas Power Plants (Alfredo et al.); Biomass as a Source of Energy (M S Sevda et al.); Liquid Bio-Fuels in Perspective (M Hassan et al.); Geothermal Energy; Tidal Power; Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC); Wave Energy (George Smith); Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Generation; General: State of the Art of Hybrid System; Simulation Tools for Feasibility Studies of DER (Juan A Martinez Velasco et al.); Control of Doubly Fed Induction Generators Under Balanced and Unbalanced Voltage Sags (Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt); Power Quality Instrumentation and Measurement in a Distributed and Renewable Environment (Mario Manana Canteli); Renewable-Based Generation Integration in Electricity Markets (Zita A Vale et al.); Modern Power Electronic Technology for the Integration of Renewable Energy Sources (Vinod Kumar et al.); Energy Resource Allocation in Energy Planning (S S Deshmukh); Steady State Analysis of Three-Phase Self Excited Induction Generators (S K Sandhu et al.); Sustainability Policy and Environmental Management of Renewable Energy (M Hassan et al.); Policies (P Mconnor & Catherine Mitchell); Power (Transmission) System Planning, State of the Art and Emerging Issues (Z Y Dong); Distributed Generation (H D Mathur); Wind-Diesel Hybrid System (Kashem Muttaqi).

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Book SynopsisThe use of the wind as an energy source is increasing and growing worldwide. Wind energy is an important non-fossil option to supplement fossil (coal, natural gas and oil) and nuclear fuels for the generation of electricity.Many parts of the world, particularly the coastlines of Western Europe, North Africa, North and South America, India, Eastern Russia, China, the Philippines, Australia and New Zealand, experience a high annual incidence of wind energy. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, together with the Republic of Ireland form a particularly windy location, being favoured with strong westerly winds. The technology of the design and installation of wind turbines and wind farms are, in fact, well established. Operational practice, though, is still being developed as engineers learn by experience.This book is written for electrical engineers concerned with the use of wind power for generating electricity. It incorporates some meteorological features of international wind supply plus a survey of the past and present wind turbines with technical assessment of the choice of turbine sites. Detailed coverage is given to the different types of electrical generator machines used and the electronic control devices employed in modern turbine systems.Importantly, this book devotes full chapters to the integration of wind farms into established electrical grid supply systems, and the environmental and economic aspects of wind generation. Engineers will be drawn to the practical approach in this book, featuring worked numerical examples — complete with answers — at the end of some chapters.Table of ContentsHistory and Development of Wind Converters; Theory of Wind Converters; Past and Present Wind Energy Turbines; The Location and Siting of Wind Turbines; Power Flow in Electrical Transmission and Distribution Systems; Electrical Generator Machines in Wind Energy Systems; Power Electronic Converters in Wind Energy Systems; Wind Generation into an Electrical Power System; Environmental Aspects of Wind Generation; Economic Aspects of Wind Energy;

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Book SynopsisThe search for cleaner, cheaper, smaller and more efficient energy technologies has to a large extent been motivated by the development of new materials. The aim of this collection of articles is therefore to focus on what materials-based solutions can offer and show how the rational design and improvement of their physical and chemical properties can lead to energy-production alternatives that have the potential to compete with existing technologies. In terms of alternative means to generate electricity that utilize renewable energy sources, the most dramatic breakthroughs for both mobile (i.e., transportation) and stationary applications are taking place in the fields of solar and fuel cells. And from an energy-storage perspective, exciting developments can be seen emerging from the fields of rechargeable batteries and hydrogen storage.Table of ContentsExcitons in Nanoscale Systems (G D Scholes & G Rumbles); Nanowire Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (M Law et al.); Materials for Electrochemical Capacitors (P Simon & Y Gogotsi); High-Performance Lithium Battery Anodes Using Silicon Nanowire (C K Chan et al.); Advanced Anodes for High-Temperature Fuel Cells (A Atkinson et al.); A Redox-Stable Efficient Anode For Solid-Oxide Fuel Cells (S Tao & J T S Irvine); High-Capacity Hydrogen Storage in Lithium and Sodium Amidoboranes (Z Xiong et al.); Tuning Clathrate Hydrates for Hydrogen Storage (H Lee et al.); Complex Thermoelectric Materials (J Snyder & E S Toberer); Silicon Nanowires as Efficient Thermoelectric Materials (A I Boukai et al.); and other papers.

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Book SynopsisMost scientists now believe that carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere are rapidly increasing, and that emissions from the burning of fossil fuels is a principal cause. Thus, it is probable that this will affect the climate and lead to global warming.This book familiarizes the non-specialist with alternative sources of energy, pointing out their advantages and disadvantages. The appropriate principles of physics and chemistry involved in each alternative will be presented in an easily digestible manner. The book seeks to better inform the public about specific actions that need to be taken in order to better combat energy problems, and reduce climate change.Table of ContentsIntroduction; What to do about It?; Thermodynamics; Conservation; Fossil Fuels; Alternate Energy Sources; Biofuels; Wind and Water; Solar Energy; Nuclear Energy; Overview.

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Book SynopsisThis invaluable book provides a broad and detailed introduction to the fascinating and hot research subject of transformation of biomass-related materials to biofuels. Biofuel production can be categorized into a variety of novel conversion and refinery development technologies. However, biomass recalcitrance is the biggest challenge blocking the way in biofuel conversion. This book provides an enlightening view of the frontiers in leading pretreatments, downstream enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation technology, corrosion issues in biofuel and merging biofuels technology into a pulp mill to pave the way for future large-scale biofuel production.Table of ContentsWhat is Biomass; Biomass Recalcitrance and the Contributing Cell Wall Factors; Reduction of Biomass Recalcitrance via Water/Acid Pretreatments; Reduction of Biomass Recalcitrance via Organosolv Pretreatment; Reduction of Biomass Recalcitrance via Ionic Liquid Pretreatments; Enzymatic Deconstruction of Lignocellulose to Fermentable Sugars; Fermentation to Bioethanol/Biobutanol; Pyrolysis of Biomass to Bio-Oils; Upgrade of Bio-Oil to Biofuel and Biochemical; Incorporation of Biofuels Technology into a Pulp Mill; Corrosion Issues in Biofuels.

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Book SynopsisConcerns about energy resources and the environmental impact of energy use will continue to be important globally. World Scientific's unique series of books on Current Energy Issues is intended, in part, as an expansion and update of the material contained in the World Scientific Handbook of Energy. Each volume will focus on related energy resources or issues and will contain a broader range of topics with more explanatory text.This Solar Energy volume covers a variety of approaches to the use of solar energy. These include large scale photovoltaic production of electricity as well as more local applications in the home and businesses. Similarly, there is an extensive discussion of large scale solar thermal electricity production and smaller scale uses such as solar water heating, home heating and cooling plus crop drying. There is also discussion of more forward-looking technologies including the production of fuels using artificial photosynthesis and the production of biomass.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Solar Energy (Richard Corkish & Robert Patterson); Fundamentals of Photovoltaic Cells and Systems (Ignacio Rey-Stolle); Large Scale Solar Thermal Plants (M Becker, R Pitz-Paal & W Stein); Large Scale Photovoltaic Plants (G Almonacid, P G Vidal & E Munoz-Ceron); Biomass (Anthony Turhollow); Artificial Photosynthesis (Nathan Skillen and Peter KJ Robertson); Small Scale PV Applications in Home and Business (Estefania Caamano-Martin & Miguel Angel Egido-Aguilera); Small Scale Solar Thermal Applications (Brian Norton); Solar Thermo-Chemical Processes (Roman Bader & Wojciech Lipinski);

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Book SynopsisAccess to modern energy services remains low or non-existent for approximately 2.8 billion of the world's population. Energy practitioners are facing the challenge of delivering access to modern energy services where poverty and lack of infrastructure makes it most difficult. Rising awareness about climatic change and the notion of energy security for future generations are also being channelled into the debate. This book provides an overview of existing energy delivery systems, as well as a guide on the key issues integral to the success or failure of energy programmes in middle- and low-income countries. It consider how markets develop, which services are pivotal in supporting the process, and what overarching factors enable change to take place, providing practical guidance on how to replicate and scale up the successful delivery of energy to the very poor.

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Book SynopsisSowohl die Elektromobilität als auch Carsharing-Konzepte besitzen hohe Bedeutung im Rahmen nachhaltiger Mobilitätskonzepte und der Energiewende in Deutschland. Daher lohnt sich ein Blick auf die aktuelle Situation, die Potenziale und die Erfolgsfaktoren bezüglich des Einsatzes von Elektrofahrzeugen in Carsharing-Angeboten. Wo steht das Carsharing-Prinzip heute und welche Voraussetzungen bietet es für den Einsatz von Elektrofahrzeugen: Wie kann durch Carsharing und der Einsatz von Elektrofahrzeugen im Carsharing die Entwicklung neuer Mobilitätsformen vorangebracht werden, was sind die Betreiber- und Geschäftsmodelle? Welche möglichen Hürden müssen dabei überwunden werden, wann ist Carsharing wirtschaftlich und was sind weitere zentrale Erfolgsfaktoren für eCarsharing in Deutschland?Table of ContentsDie Sharing Economy.- Potenziale von (E-)Carsharing.- Status quo von (E-)Carsharing.- Handreichungen für den Weg zur Wirtschaftlichkeit.

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Book SynopsisStadtwerken mit ihren oft mannigfachen Geschäftsbereichen wie Energieerzeugung, öffentlicher Nahverkehr, Netzbetrieb Strom/Gas/Wasser, dem Vertrieb von Strom oder Gas sowie dem Ausbau/Betrieb von Ladeinfrastruktur kommt eine maßgebliche Rolle bei der konkreten & lokalen Umsetzung von Nachhaltigkeitsprojekten zu. Gleichzeitig stehen Stadtwerke in ihren Geschäftsfeldern vielfältigen Herausforderungen gegenüber, die durch verschiedene strategische Ausrichtungen und Schwerpunktsetzungen beantwortet werden können. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die marktübliche Struktur von Stadtwerken anhand eines Vier-Säulen-Modells archetypisch vorgestellt, um die Geschäftsfeld-spezifischen, aber auch übergreifenden Problemstellungen zu beleuchten. Anschließend werden Handlungsoptionen und grundlegende strategische Positionierungen von Stadtwerken anhand eines Drei-Akteurs-Konzeptes diskutiert. Zielsetzung ist es, einen strukturierten Überblick der deutschen Stadtwerke-Landschaft sowie durch das Aufzeigen grundlegender strategischer Handlungsoptionen Entscheidern einen auf reale Problemstellungen übertragbaren Handlungsrahmen zur Verfügung zu stellen.Table of ContentsMotivation und Zielsetzung.- Status quo und Herausforderungen der Geschäftsfelder und Geschäftsstrukturen.- Grundlegende strategische Positionierungen und deren Bewertung.- Zusammenfassung.

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