Alternative and renewable energy sources Books
Taylor & Francis Inc Contaminated Ground Water and Sediment: Modeling
Book SynopsisThis book is the documented result of a workshop, Modeling and Management of Emerging Environmental Issues, held at Penn State University. This event assembled modeling experts from the U.S. and Canada to discuss modeling technology development and application, in order to promote sound and cost-effective environmental decision-making. This thorough analysis provides environmental engineers, hydrologists, and others with an overview on the state of the art in current practice and identifies emerging research and development trends within modeling technology. Each of the discussions considers not only technical issues, but regulatory and cost factors as well.Table of ContentsThis book is the documented result of an expert workshop, Modeling and Management of Emerging Environmental Issues, held at Penn State University. This event assembled four panels of modeling experts from the U.S. and Canada to discuss modeling technology development and application in order to promote sound and cost-effective environmental decision-making. This thorough analysis provides an overview on the state-of-the-art in current practice and identifies emerging research and development trends within modeling technology. Each of the discussions considers not only technical issues, but regulatory and cost factors as well.
£218.50
Salem Press Inc Encyclopedia of Energy
Book SynopsisThis academic, multi-author reference work serves as a general and non-technical resource for students and teachers to understand the importance of energy; to appreciate the influence of energy on societies around the world; to learn the history of energy; and to initiate educational discussion brought forth by the specific social and topical articles presented in the work. SCOPE AND COVERAGE From Alaska to China to Brazil and around the world, energy is the fuel of modern civilization. The United States alone, which constitutes 5 percent of the world's population, consumes 24 percent of the world's energy. Tracing the routes and roots of energy through history, especially since the Industrial Revolution, and explaining the current levels of energy use and production across the globe, this four-volume encyclopaedia will be the definitive reference to essential energy and power information. From ""clean coal"" to oil to windpower, from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe, the Encyclopedia of Energy is a world round-up of energy-related curricular disciplines, including: history, sociology, environmentalism, public policy, science, engineering, and business. Especially targeted toward high-school students, this outstanding reference work is edited to tie into the high-school curriculum, making the content readily accessible as well to patrons of public, academic, and university libraries. Pedagogical elements include a Topic Finder, Chronology, Resource Guide, Glossary, Appendix, and thorough index. Presented in four volumes in an A-to-Z format, the Encyclopedia of Energy is richly illustrated with photos, charts, and tables, all comprising a unique resource.
£367.50
Nova Science Publishers Inc Alternative Transportation Fuels: Issues &
Book Synopsis
£49.29
PennWell Books Turbine Steam Path Maintenance & Repair: Volume
Book SynopsisThis ready-reference contains valuable insight for the engineer faced with design and manufacture decisions. A continuation of Sanders' two volumes on maintenance and repair, this volume represents the first in a subsequent two volume set on mechanical design and manufacture, completing the remaining portion of his popular seminar. In this volume, Sanders turns his focus to design options and the challenges faced in selecting and arranging the components to optimize unit performance efficiency, reliability, and safety, providing the reader with the necessary information to evaluate the performance, refurbishment, and upgrading of a unit. This book lets you: select the right components and find optimal unit arrangement; understand the mechanical design and development process; and, organize and prepare performance testing.Table of ContentsThe Basic Considerations of Thermodynamic Design; The Turbine Steam Path Mechanical Design Process; Turbine Steam Path Performance and the Factors Affecting It; Performance Testing; Appendix.
£88.50
PennWell Books Energy Storage: A Nontechnical Guide
Book SynopsisA complete resource on the operation of energy storage technologies and how they interact in the marketplace today. Baxter explains new opportunities for these technologies, detailed descriptions of the technologies and their market applications, and business opportunities energy storage technologies can expect throughout the industry. The book explains how, and under what conditions, energy storage technologies can become a vital component of the electric power industry.
£84.60
PennWell Books Dry Gas Seals Handbook
Book SynopsisThis book is authored by John S. Stahley. Despite the fact that the use of dry gas seals in process gas centrifugal compressors has increased dramatically over the last 20 years, the technology remains misunderstood by many in the industry. Dry gas seals operate with clearances measured in microns, much less than the thickness of a human hair! While dry gas seals can be very problematic if not properly applied at the time of plant, process, and/or compressor design, the many successful installations are a testament to how trouble-free these devices can be when properly applied. Let author John Stahley help you take the mystery out of dry gas seals in this comprehensive new book. Dry gas seals are in used in compressor stations, processing plants, refineries, chemical plants, and more. This book is perfectly suited for: engineers, operators, maintenance personnel, purchasing personnel, and technical management. The information found in ""Dry Gas Seals Handbook"" will help you make informed decisions regarding the application, operation, and maintenance of dry gas seals. This book presents a complete guide to the technology, from the principle of gas seal operation to 'lessons learned' from actual field experience. This book contains: more than 50 figures to illustrate explanations; seven case studies break down common problems associated with dry gas seals, corrective actions, and lessons learned; appendices that provide typical examples of dry gas seal test reports and dry gas seal and barrier seal selection guidelines; and, a glossary of common terms related to dry gas seal technology.Table of ContentsThe evolution of dry gas seals; Introduction to dry gas seals; Dry gas seal configurations; Barrier seals; Dry gas seal support systems; Dry gas seal retrofits; Dry gas seal operations and maintenance; Dry gas seal contamination - lessons from the field.
£60.35
PennWell Books Combined-Cycle Gas & Steam Turbine Power Plants
Book SynopsisWith this third edition, international expert Rolf Kehlhofer leads a team of eminent engineers for the long-awaited update of the 'bible' for combined-cycle plants. Recognized as the foremost technical and economic reference for these complex facilities, Combined-Cycle for Gas & Steam Turbine Power Plants, third edition, still offers the backbone of basics in system layout, details on controls and automation, and operating instructions. New information includes a chapter devoted to the integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC), in-depth technical information on heat recovery steam generator, and a diverse group of real-world combined-cycle plant case studies.Table of Contents Introduction The electricity market Economics Thermodynamic principles of the combined-cycle plant Combined-cycle concepts Applications of combined cycles Components Control and automation Operating and part load behavior Environmental consideration Developmental trends The integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) Carbon dioxide capture and storage Some typical combined-cycle plants Conclusion Appendix A Conversions table Appendix B Calculation of the operating performance of combined-cycle installations Appendix C Symbols used
£100.00
PennWell Books Energy Efficiency: Principles and Practices
Book SynopsisThe latest book by Penni McLean-Conner is an outline for utilities, government agencies and power generators for educating consumers on conservation, better resource management, and a smaller carbon footprint. These techniques are not only of interest to the modern consumer, but also can maximize opportunities for demand-side management. Demand-side management programs are effective methods for reducing peak demand of electricity, helping to curb escalating electricity prices for consumers, allowing power generators greater control of the electrical loads and promoting overall conservation of stretched resources. This book offers proven strategies for creating, delivering and maximizing demand-side management, truly a smart approach for your organization!Table of ContentsForeword; Preface; Acknowledgments; Part One: Create an energy efficiency culture; Build the business case for energy efficiency; Understand the energy efficiency life cycle; Influence policy to support energy efficiency investment; Part Two: Deliver energy efficiency to consumers; Market barriers and assessment; Residential energy efficiency; Commercial and industrial energy efficiency; Demand response; Distributed generation; Part Three: Optimize energy efficiency performance; Participate in organizations that advance energy efficiency; Evaluate programs; Position for the future.
£66.40
Nova Science Publishers Inc Solar Energy Technology Advances
Book SynopsisThis book reviews recent advanced research work in the area of flat plate collectors, solar distillation, greenhouse technology for crop drying and production and solar electric/ thermal (PV/T) systems. The basic working principle, energy balances, thermal modelling, energy and economic analysis will be discussed. An instantaneous and overall efficiency of each solar thermal and electric system are also discussed and their results compared for economic analysis. Basic knowledge of availability of solar radiation is discussed in the beginning. Life cycle cost analysis, which includes initial investment, operating cost, interest rate, salvage value and annual power output, has been considered. An energy pay back time (EPBT) for solar electric/ thermal (PV/T) system has been evaluated by evaluating embodied energy during production of solar cell, PV module and balance of system (BOS) and useful both electric and thermal energy. Thermal energy from PV module can be in the form of sensible heat either for water or for air heating system.
£49.29
Nova Science Publishers Inc Recent Developments in Solar Energy
Book SynopsisSolar energy is derived ultimately from the sun. It can be divided into direct and indirect categories. Most energy sources on Earth are forms of indirect solar energy, although we usually don''t think of them in that way. Coal, oil and natural gas derive from ancient biological material which took its energy from the sun (via plant photosynthesis) millions of years ago. All the energy in wood and foodstuffs also comes from the sun. Movement of the wind (which causes waves at sea), and the evaporation of water to form rainfall which accumulates in rivers and lakes, are also powered by the sun. Therefore, hydroelectric power and wind and wave power are forms of indirect solar energy. Direct solar energy is what we usually mean when we speak of solar power it is the use of sunlight for heating or generating electricity. Solar energy research and applications have been receiving increasing attention throughout the world as solar energy must play a much greater role in the energy mix in upcoming years. This book examines new research in this frontier field.
£176.24
Nova Science Publishers Inc Hydrogen Energy: Background, Significance &
Book SynopsisIn a world faced with massive and ever-growing energy demands where the environment is an important factor, an array of new technologies and or fuels are becoming a necessity, not a choice. Hydrogen may be one of those alternatives. Hydrogen can be produced from diverse domestic feedstocks using a variety of process technologies. Hydrogen-containing compounds such as fossil fuels, biomass or even water can be a source of hydrogen. Thermochemical processes can be used to produce hydrogen from biomass and from fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas and petroleum. Power generated from sunlight, wind and nuclear sources can be used to produce hydrogen electrolytically. Sunlight alone can also drive photolytic production of hydrogen from water, using advanced photoelectrochemical and photobiological processes.
£52.49
Nova Science Publishers Inc Biofuels in the Energy Supply System
Book SynopsisBiofuels are enjoying a boom throughout the world. Led by ethanol and biodiesel, they are becoming an increasingly popular source of fuel for planes and automobiles. Brazil is the world''s leading producer followed by America. Biofuels are far cleaner than petroleum and renewable by plant growth.
£50.24
Nova Science Publishers Inc Biomass & Bioenergy: New Research
Book SynopsisBiomass and bioenergy are essential components of the energy mix in most countries Biomass is organic matter available on a renewable basis. Biomass includes forest and mill residues, agricultural crops and wastes, wood and wood wastes, animal wastes, livestock operation residues, aquatic plants, fast-growing trees and plants, and municipal and industrial wastes. Bioenergy is useful, renewable energy produced from organic matter. The conversion of the complex carbohydrates in organic matter to energy. Organic matter may either be used directly as a fuel or processed into liquids and gases. This book presents up-to-date research in this field.
£159.74
Nova Science Publishers Inc Trends in Solar Energy Research
Book SynopsisSolar energy is derived ultimately from the sun. It can be divided into direct and indirect categories. Most energy sources on Earth are forms of indirect solar energy, although we usually don''t think of them in that way. Coal, oil and natural gas derive from ancient biological material which took its energy from the sun (via plant photosynthesis) millions of years ago. All the energy in wood and foodstuffs also comes from the sun. Movement of the wind (which causes waves at sea), and the evaporation of water to form rainfall which accumulates in rivers and lakes, are also powered by the sun. Therefore, hydroelectric power and wind and wave power are forms of indirect solar energy. Direct solar energy is what we usually mean when we speak of solar power -- it is the use of sunlight for heating or generating electricity. Solar energy research and applications have been receiving increasing attention throughout the world as solar energy must play a much greater role in the energy mix in upcoming years. This book examines new research in this frontier field.
£173.24
Nova Science Publishers Inc Solar Energy Resource Management for Electricity
Book SynopsisThis book addresses the rapid developments in the new field of solar resource knowledge as a reflection of growing needs of management of renewable energy resources. The authors have structured the content of this work as a set of contributions from the research, international and commercial institutions. The chapters discuss the availability of new primary data, basic concepts of research trends and approaches developed for providing higher resolution data and value-added products in an operational mode. Based on the experience from commercial and aid-providing sphere, individual and more generic barriers have been identified and solutions for overcoming them are discussed. The approaches exploiting geographical information systems, integrating spatial data and methods, outline directions for decision-making and management of distributed energy systems, considering regional and time variability at various hierarchical scales. The final contributions point out that the recent developments gave an impetus for complementing the traditional applications of Earth observation data by renewable energy programs.
£116.24
Nova Science Publishers Inc True Sustainability in Technological Development
Book SynopsisThe word ''sustainability'' is frequently misunderstood because there are numerous definitions of sustainability and not even two definitions have converging meanings. Instead of achieving ''sustainability'', some of the sustainable development projects aggravate ecological and other problems, as painfully evidenced in numerous experimental projects. This book attempts to improve our understanding of what it means to be sustainable by exploring several different sustainability projects and techniques.
£129.74
Nova Science Publishers Inc Leading Edge Research in Solar Energy
Book Synopsis
£176.24
Nova Science Publishers Inc Geothermal Energy Research Trends
Book SynopsisGeothermal energy is a form of renewable energy derived from heat deep in the earth''s crust. Enormous amounts of thermal energy are continuously generated by the decay of radioactive isotopes of underground rocks and stored in our globe''s interior. This heat is as inexhaustible and renewable as solar energy. This heat is brought to the near-surface by thermal conduction and by intrusion into the earth''s crust of molten magma originating from great depth. As groundwater is heated, geothermal energy is produced in the form of hot water and steam. The heated groundwater can be used for direct heating of homes and greenhouses, for vegetable drying, and for a number of other uses. These are known as direct uses of geothermal energy. Geothermal energy is also used for electricity production. This book presents leading-edge research in a field destined for increased attention throughout the world.
£162.74
Chelsea Green Publishing Co Reinventing Fire: Bold Business Solutions for the
Book SynopsisOil and coal have built our civilization, created our wealth, and enriched the lives of billions. Yet, their rising costs to our security, economy, health, and environment now outweigh their benefits. Moreover, that long-awaited energy tipping point—where alternatives work better than oil and coal and compete purely on cost—is no longer decades in the future. It is here and now. And it is the fulcrum of economic transformation. A global clean-energy race has emerged with astounding speed. The ability to operate without fossil fuels will define winners and losers in business—and among nations. In Reinventing Fire, Amory Lovins and Rocky Mountain Institute offer a new vision to revitalize business models, end-run Washington gridlock, and win the clean-energy race—not forced by public policy but led by business for enduring profit. This groundbreaking roadmap reveals market-based solutions across the transportation, building, industry, and electricity sectors. It highlights pathways and competitive strategies for a 158%-bigger 2050 U.S. economy that needs no oil, no coal, no nuclear energy, one-third less natural gas, and no new inventions. This transition would cost $5 trillion less than business-as-usual—without counting fossil fuels’ huge hidden costs. It requires no new federal taxes, subsidies, mandates, or laws. The policy innovations needed to unlock and speed it need no Act of Congress. Whether you care most about profits and jobs, national security, health, or environmental stewardship, Reinventing Fire charts a pragmatic course that makes sense and makes money. With clarity and mastery, Lovins and RMI point out the astounding opportunities for enterprises to create the new energy era. Drawing praise from President Bill Clinton, former National Security Advisor Robert McFarlane, and a host of others, Reinventing Fire has piqued the interest of world leaders, business leaders, and political strategists. The paperback will carry a new preface detailing the response from China and beyond.Trade ReviewBook News- Author Lovins, a government consultant on energy, is co-founder and chief scientist of Rocky Mountain Institute, an independent think-tank on the use of natural resources. In this color illustrated book for business leaders and others, Lovins predicts that if businesses start now to adopt currently available alternative energy technologies at normal rates of return, the US can realistically stop using oil and coal by 2050, for a savings of $5 trillion. The author argues that because the necessary legislation and public policy are already in place for the transition to clean power, the transition can come about through market-based innovation across many different industries. After explaining the true costs of oil and coal, the book focuses on transportation, building design, improvements in industry energy efficiency, and carbon-free electricity generation. The book's reader-friendly layout includes color photos, charts, and case and example boxes on every page, combined with an accessible writing style. While the contributors are all affiliated with Rocky Mountain Institute, the book's content has been reviewed by outside experts as well. A web site offers supporting methodological and technical material.Choice- Energy forms the basis of modern living and is tied to every country's economic, political, social, health, and environmental policies. This well-documented work by energy expert Lovins (cofounder, Rocky Mountain Institute) and RMI staff begins by discussing the growing economic and environmental impact of fossil fuel dependence. Next, separate chapters address four different energy-intensive sectors in the US: transportation, buildings, industry, and electricity. Each chapter includes data on current energy consumption along with ways to change existing patterns (e.g., new designs, renewable sources, more-efficient practices). The concluding chapter ‘Many Choices, One Future,’ looks at the US in 2050: shortened workdays, decreased road traffic, a cleaner atmosphere, and a huge amount of capital formerly wasted on fossil fuels available to address various social challenges. This assumes that the path charted in ‘Reinventing Fire’ is at work. The authors argue that their proposal is economically feasible and would create jobs, positively impact the environment, and enhance the global competitiveness of the US. Among the barriers listed, the resistance of political incumbents and an absence of visionary political leaders committed to these fundamental changes stand out. A must read for anyone who deals with energy, especially decision makers. Summing up: Highly recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through professionals; general readers.ForeWord Reviews- Reinventing Fire is an engaging and comprehensive introduction to the issues and challenges tied to our nation's energy use. Amory Lovins is a noted authority on energy—especially its efficient use and sustainable supply. In 2009, Time named him among the world's 100 most influential people, and Foreign Policy, one of the 100 top global thinkers. In 1982, Lovins co-founded the Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI), an independent, nonprofit think tank focused on the ‘efficient and restorative use of resources.’ The team's expertise is evident, as Lovins and fellow RMI researchers outline the current state of energy use, including what they call the nation's "addiction to fossil fuels," and propose an array of transformational solutions. Their long-term view emphasizes smart business strategy over public policy as the route to the ‘new energy era.’ The ‘winners’ in this new era will be those companies, organizations—and even nations—nimble and innovative enough to anticipate and realize the opportunities. Following a review of our energy profile today, the book sets the stage with two contrasting scenarios for energy consumption in 2050, one that is ‘business as usual’ and one that ‘reinvents fire.’ The optimal scenario would reduce overall energy consumption through innovation and efficiency, while increasing use of renewable sources and bringing a multitude of benefits—to the economy and the environment, as well as to our health and national security. The challenges posed by this book are at once inspirational and daunting, but Reinventing Fire makes it clear that facing them with passion and ingenuity is essential to our future prosperity as a people and a nation."Amory and his 'reinventing fire' energy path should be part of the induction packs for all political, financial and business leaders."--John Elkington, The GuardianReinventing Fire shows us that we neither need to freeze in the dark, nor go back to the Stone Age, to ensure a healthy, habitable planet for ourselves and our descendants.--Andy Kerr, Home Power "In crisp and vivid language, Amory Lovins sets out a blueprint for a much-improved future in the generation and use of energy. We can all learn from reading this clear statement from a real expert."--George P. Shultz, former Secretary of State and Secretary of the Treasury, distinguished fellow at Stanford University's Hoover Institution, former president of Bechtel"My friend Amory Lovins knows that the most important question of the twenty-first century is the 'how' question-how we turn good ideas into working solutions. Reinventing Fire is a wise, detailed, and comprehensive blueprint for gathering the best existing technologies for energy use and putting them to work right now to create jobs, end our dependence on climate-changing fossil fuels, and unleash the enormous economic potential of the coming energy revolution."--President Bill Clinton"If you wanted to bring America happiness and prosperity, and address unemployment, government gridlock and climate change, and create meaning in a world rife with contradictory views and ideologies, you can do one thing: read Reinventing Fire...and then see to it that it is read by every decision maker in the land. This is a stunning work of enormous dimension. Reinventing Fire outlines an eminently practical path to a durable and meaningful future by reimagining how we use and produce the lifeblood of civilization-energy in its myriad forms."--Paul Hawken, author of Blessed Unrest; co-author, Natural Capitalism"Amory Lovins and his team of extraordinary professionals provide an analytically sound, detailed, compelling plan for transforming our national use of energy-and for saving $5 trillion in the process! Reinventing Fire is a towering work, a page-turning tour de force of compelling wisdom that deserves a permanent place on the desk-nay, in the mind-of whoever holds the chair in the Oval Office."--Robert C. McFarlane, national security advisor to President Reagan; co-founder and co-chair of the United States Energy Security Council"America's business leaders have long waited for a practical vision of how innovation and entrepreneurship can drive the shift from fossil fuels to efficiency and renewables. Now, in Reinventing Fire, that profit-led path is here, clear, and compelling."--Gerald D. Hines, founder and chairman, Hines"Reinventing Fire crackles with fresh perspectives and compelling insights about our energy past, present, and future. Drawing on the logic of economics, physics, geology, national security, and just plain common sense, Lovins and his colleagues blaze a trail toward an energy future that is cleaner, cheaper, and safer. A 'must read' book for business leaders, policymakers, environmentalists, academics, and anyone else who cares about our planet's future and our nation's prosperity."--Dan Esty, Director, Center for Business and the Environment at Yale University, and author of Green to Gold"A compelling call for action. From one of the brightest and most practical thinkers in America-straight from the heart, bold advice to America on how to handle energy, reduce the budget deficit, and create millions of jobs. Amory Lovins has written the definitive prescription for the twenty-first century American economy. Take these prescriptions on energy, and the rest of America will do quite nicely in the years ahead. Ignore these recommendations, and we'll find ourselves in a darkening struggle for our prosperity, our future, and our way of life."--Retired General Wesley K. Clark, former NATO Supreme Allied Commander, Europe"A must-read 'new baseline' analysis for innovators and policy makers."--Bill Joy, partner, Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers; co-founder, Sun Microsystems"A brilliant, thorough, innovative plan for a complete and profitable restructuring over the next four decades of how we use and supply energy for transport, electricity, buildings, and industry. RMI's new fire will transform everything we do, and will especially help us see our way out of the massive problems caused by our dependence on oil and coal."--R. James Woolsey, venture partner, Lux Capital; former director of Central Intelligence; chairman, Foundation for Defense of Democracies
£21.38
Nova Science Publishers Inc Solar Cell Research Progress
Book SynopsisA solar cell or photovoltaic cell is a device that converts light energy into electrical energy. Sometimes the term solar cell is reserved for devices intended specifically to capture energy from sunlight, while the term photovoltaic cell is used when the light source is unspecified. Fundamentally, the device needs to fulfil only two functions: photogeneration of charge carriers (electrons and holes) in a light-absorbing material, and separation of the charge carriers to a conductive contact that will transmit the electricity (simply put, carrying electrons off through a metal contact into a wire or other circuit). This conversion is called the photovoltaic effect, and the field of research related to solar cells is known as photovoltaics. Solar cells have many applications. They have long been used in situations where electrical power from the grid is unavailable, such as in remote area power systems, Earth-orbiting satellites and space probes, consumer systems, e.g. handheld calculators or wrist watches, remote radiotelephones and water pumping applications. More recently, they are starting to be used in assemblies of solar modules (photovoltaic arrays) connected to the electricity grid through an inverter, often in combination with a net metering arrangement. This new book presents the latest research in the field from around the globe.
£149.99
Nova Science Publishers Inc Inherently-Sustainable Technology Developments
Book SynopsisThis book presents the latest research findings in modern technological developments based on synthetic chemicals that are highly toxic to the human environment. Unlike the majority of books on appropriate technology, this book does not stop at questioning fundamental issues of current technological development modus operandi. Instead, it offers simple and practical solutions identifying the roots of problems currently being faced by the society. Various types of appropriate energy technologies suitable for cooking, heating, lighting, transportation, and industrial usage are presented. Pathways of conventional fossil fuel based technologies including their impacts to humans and the environment is illustrated. A detailed analysis of the problems of synthetic fuels and benefits in using nature based resources are also catalogued. For the first time, the newly established revolutionary concept of the direct use of crude oil in a jet engine, is presented. The role of current technology development in global environmental perspectives are discussed.
£99.74
Nova Science Publishers Inc New Research on Biofuels
Book SynopsisLarge scale production and consumption of biofuel is being promoted by many nations because of its potential for economic, political, and environmental benefits. Biofuels are partially renewable and substituting them for petroleum fuels may reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and other pollutants, and dependency on imported oil. Of special interest is the possibility of widespread use of biofuels such as biodiesel in the transportation sector, especially if integrated with existing and new hybrid and plug-in technologies and emission control technologies such as particle traps. This book provides new research on this field from around the globe.
£52.49
Nova Science Publishers Inc Theoretical Analysis of High Fuel Utilizing Solid
Book SynopsisThe commercialisation of fuel cells needs further developments in materials, power density and durability. These key issues are strongly related to the choice of electrochemical, thermodynamic and design parameters. This applies in particular to the sensitivity of the solid oxide fuel cell''s (SOFC''s) power density and durability. Achieving high power density has to be assessed carefully with regard to the cell''s voltage, fuel utilisation and efficiency. The operation at high fuel utilisation is particularly critical due to the decrement in the Nernst voltage and the formation of nickel oxide at nickel cermet anodes. Both effects are influenced by the local hydrogen to water ratio of the anode gas. Therefore, it is essential to understand the local resolution of the gas composition and its influence on the total power density. In this context, analytical solutions of the integral current density at a constant area specific resistance (ASR) are presented in this study. As a result of the transferred species, loss mechanisms occur. These polarisation losses are sensitively influenced by numerous mechanisms, which are strongly non-linear. Therefore, a finite difference model is chosen to analyse the influence of the major operational parameters on the power density. It is based on a two dimensional resolution of the local energy balance in the axial and radial direction of a tubular SOFC. This model includes heat transfer by conduction, convection and radiation as well as the heat sources due to the chemical and electrochemical reactions. The shift reaction and the reforming of residual methane are taken into account by a kinetic approach. The electrochemical losses of the hydrogen oxidation are determined by commonly used Butler-Volmer equation, binary diffusion, Knudsen diffusion and ohmic law. Based on the finite difference simulation, a novel conceptual solution is proposed which allows improvements in the fuel utilisation and power density. The proposed configuration consists of an anode gas condenser which is used to increase the fuel utilisation from 85% to 94-97% at a constant total cell area and higher efficiency. In this context, the tendency of the formation of nickel oxide at the anode is approximately estimated to take roughly the durability of the anode into account. This system could be applied to stationary CO2 sequestering applications. Using methane as fuel, it is further shown that the CO2 can be separated with a minimum demand of energy with the high fuel utilising SOFC gas turbine cycle.
£34.49
Nova Science Publishers Inc Ethanol & Biofuels: Production, Standards &
Book SynopsisBiofuels have significant roles in a variety of international issues, including: mitigation of carbon emissions levels and oil prices, the "food vs fuel" debate, deforestation and soil erosion, impact on water resources, and energy balance and efficiency. The use of biofuels reduces dependence on petroleum and enhances energy security. Also, unlike fossil fuels, which return carbon that was stored beneath the surface for millions of years into the atmosphere, biofuels can produce energy without causing a net increase of atmospheric carbon. This is because as new plants are grown to produce fuel, they remove the same amount of CO2 from the atmosphere as they will release as fuel. Some studies have found that certain crops may produce more harmful greenhouse gases than CO2, indicating that the specific biofuel used is an important factor.
£63.74
Nova Science Publishers Inc Energy Conservation: New Research
Book SynopsisThis book concentrates on energy conservation which is the practice of decreasing the quantity of energy used. It may be achieved through efficient energy use, in which case energy use is decreased while achieving a similar outcome, or by reduced consumption of energy services. Energy conservation may result in increase of financial capital, environmental value, national security, personal security, and human comfort. Individuals and organisations that are direct consumers of energy may want to conserve energy in order to reduce energy costs and promote economic security. Industrial and commercial users may want to increase efficiency and thus maximise profit. Energy conservation is an important element of energy policy. Energy conservation reduces the energy consumption and energy demand per capita, and thus offsets the growth in energy supply needed to keep up with population growth. This reduces the rise in energy costs, and can reduce the need for new power plants, and energy imports. The reduced energy demand can provide more flexibility in choosing the most preferred methods of energy production. By reducing emissions, energy conservation is an important part of lessening climate change. Energy conservation facilitates the replacement of non-renewable resources with renewable energy. Energy conservation is often the most economical solution to energy shortages, and is a more environmentally benign alternative to increased energy production.
£89.99
Nova Science Publishers Inc Wind Power: Technology, Economics & Policies
Book SynopsisRising energy prices and concern over greenhouse gas emissions have focused congressional attention on energy alternatives, including wind power. Although wind power currently provides only a small fraction of U.S. energy needs, it is growing more rapidly than any other electricity source. Wind energy already plays a significant role in several European nations, and countries like China and India are rapidly expanding their capacity both to manufacture wind turbines and to integrate wind power into their electricity grids. This book describes utility-scale wind power issues in the United States as well as background on wind energy, wind resources and technology, industry composition and trends, wind power economics and policy issues. Other policy questions, such as federal funding for wind research and development, and siting and permitting requirements, are also outlined.
£73.49
Nova Science Publishers Inc Hydrogen Fuel Perspectives
Book SynopsisIn his 2003 State of the Union address, President Bush announced a hydrogen initiative to reverse America''s growing dependence on foreign oil and improve the environment. The President urged the development of commercially viable fuel cells for cars, truck homes, and businesses. A transition to hydrogen as a major fuel in the next 50 years could fundamentally transform the U.S. energy system, creating opportunities to increase energy security through the use of a variety of domestic energy resources for hydrogen production while reducing environmental impacts, including atmospheric CO2 emissions and criteria pollutants. This book provides information on the Department of Energy''s (DOE) hydrogen program which has made important progress in all research and development areas, including both fundamental and applied science. Specifically, the DOE has reduced the cost of producing hydrogen from natural gas, an important source of hydrogen through the next 20 years, developed a sophisticated model to identify and optimise major elements of a projected hydrogen delivery infrastructure, increased the storage capacity of hydrogen by 50%, and reduced the cost and improved the durability of fuel cells. However, some of the most difficult technical challenges lie ahead, including reducing the cost of delivering hydrogen to consumers, and further reducing the cost and improving the durability of fuel cells. The difficulty of overcoming these technical challenges, as well as hydrogen research and development budget constraints, has led the DOE to push back some of its interim target dates.
£92.99
Nova Science Publishers Inc Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells &
Book SynopsisThis book presents current research in fuel cells which are growing in importance as sources of sustainable energy and are forming part of the changing program of energy resources. Fuel cells provide environmentally friendly, clean and highly efficient energy source for power generation. In order to efficiently utilize the energy from fuel cells, a power conditioning system is required. This book describes the converters'' basic operating principles and analyzes performance for low-voltage, high-power fuel cell applications. Full three-dimensional, multi-phase, non-isothermal computational fluid dynamics models of planar and novel tubular-shaped air-breathing proton exchange membrane fuel cell are also presented in detail. Research and review of electrocatalysts such as platinum are presented as well.
£129.74
Nova Science Publishers Inc Wind Energy in Electricity Markets with High Wind
Book Synopsis
£39.74
Nova Science Publishers Inc Worldwide Biomass Potential: Technology
Book SynopsisA joint EERE-PI project was completed to estimate the world-wide potential to produce and transport ethanol and other biofuels, with an emphasis on the 5 year and 10 year potential for biofuels supply to the United States. The range of countries and/or regions identified in the joint EERE-PI project includes Brazil, the Caribbean Basin, Central America, Mexico, Europe, China, India and Sub-Saharan Africa. This project, discussed in this book, included four specific tasks: 1) to identify the range of countries to be included in the study, 2) to assess the resource potential for production of ethanol from sugar and starch-based feedstocks and biodiesel, 3) to assess the resource potential for production of other biofuels and 4) to integrate results into the MARKAL energy policy model. Additionally, the NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) examined in this book was primarily concerned with estimating the plant gate price (PGP) of liquid biofuels from selected biomass feedstocks for countries included in the study using representative existing and developing technologies. A methodology for comparing costs between countries was developed as well.
£92.99
Nova Science Publishers Inc Solar Energy Technologies: From Research to
Book SynopsisEnergy is essential to our Nation and our lives; we use energy to power homes and businesses and to transport people and goods, making it an important component of our economy. Reliable, clean and affordable energy is critical to energy security and our economy. Furthermore, we can reduce our dependence on foreign sources of energy by diversifying our energy mix using domestic resources. The U.S. Department of Energy is committed to "discovering the solutions to power and secure America''s future, which include clean energy technologies that not only enhance energy independence but also can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and criteria air pollutants." The Department''s robust activities to support the development of solar energy technologies include applied research in support of the Solar America Initiative in the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Solar Energy Technologies Program as well as important exploratory research in the Office of Science. The support of Congress as well as incentives and support from state governments, will be critical to achieving the SAI goals. This book consists of public documents which have been located, gathered, combined, reformatted, and enhanced with a subject index, selectively edited and bound to provide easy access.
£107.99
Nova Science Publishers Inc Renewable Energy Grid Integration: The Business
Book SynopsisNow is the time to plan for the integration of significant quantities of distributed renewable energy into the electricity grid. Concerns about climate change, the adoption of state-level renewable portfolio standards and incentives, and accelerated cost reductions are driving steep growth in U.S. renewable energy technologies. This book addresses such concerns and in particular, the number of distributed solar photovoltaic (PV) installations, which is growing very rapidly. As distributed PV and other renewable energy technologies mature, they can provide a significant share of our nation''s electricity demand. However, as their market share grows, concerns about potential impacts on the stability and operation of the electricity grid may create barriers to their future expansion. To facilitate more extensive adoption of renewable distributed electric generation, this book discusses the the Renewable Systems Interconnection (RSI) study, which looks at the technical and analytical challenges that must be addressed to enable high penetration levels of distributed renewable energy technologies.
£999.99
Nova Science Publishers Inc Renewable Energy Grid Integration: Technical
Book Synopsis
£86.99
Nova Science Publishers Inc Renewable Energy Grid Integration: Building &
Book SynopsisNow is the time to plan for the integration of significant quantities of distributed renewable energy into the electricity grid. Concerns about climate change, the adoption of state-level renewable portfolio standards and incentives, and accelerated cost reductions are driving steep growth in U.S. renewable energy technologies. As distributed PV and other renewable energy technologies mature, they can provide a significant share of our nation''s electricity demand. To facilitate more extensive adoption of renewable distributed electric generation, the U.S. Department of Energy launched the Renewable Systems Interconnection (RSI) study during the spring of 2007. This book addresses the technical and analytical challenges that must be addressed to enable high penetration levels of distributed renewable energy technologies. This book consists of public domain documents which have been located, gathered, combined, reformatted, and enhanced with a subject index, selectively edited and bound to provide easy access.
£107.99
Nova Science Publishers Inc Clean Energy: An Exporter's Guide to India &
Book SynopsisThis book is a clean energy technology market overview for India and China with two primary objectives: (1) to analyse the clean energy markets in India and China and (2) to identify opportunities for trade and investment through 2020. Clean energy technologies include renewable energy, hybrid and co-generation, and energy efficiency technologies for power generation; alternative fuels; and advanced technologies for transportation. They produce power for a wide range of applications using no fuel or less fuel than fossil-fuel-based technologies, produce no or fewer pollutants than conventional technologies and can use renewable energy sources, which, unlike fossil fuels, are not depleted over time. The renewable energy technologies considered in this book are biomass and biofuels, waste-to-energy, solar power, wind power, geothermal, hydropower, and ocean power. This is an edited, excerpted and augmented edition of two U.S. Department of Commerce publication.
£80.24
Nova Science Publishers Inc Solar America: How, What & When?
Book SynopsisThis book is an overview of the Solar Energy Technologies Program in the U.S. The U.S. Department of Energy is committed to "discovering the solutions to power and secure America''s future, which include clean energy technologies that not only enhance energy independence but also can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and criteria air pollutants. The Department''s robust activities to support the development of solar energy technologies include applied research in support of the Solar America Initiative in the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Solar Energy Technologies Program as well as important exploratory research in the Office of Science.
£92.99
Nova Science Publishers Inc Biomass Gasification: Chemistry, Processes &
Book SynopsisBiomass gasification means incomplete combustion of biomass resulting in the production of combustible gases consisting of carbon monoxide, hydrogen and methane. Amongst the renewable energies, the biomass is the most important energy source. Three types of biomass are available, one generated during the processing of wood in timber mills, another is energy plantation and third bio-residues generated during the processing of agricultural produce. Due to a booming population and increasing needs in life quality all over the world, energy demand is undergoing a great increase. To find alternative fuels and to increase the contribution of renewable energy to world-wide energy production, biomass wastes must be used for energy production. This book examines the importance of biomass gasification and assesses the possibility of biomass exploitation as an alternative to conventional fuel.
£129.74
Nova Science Publishers Inc Wind Turbines: Types, Economics & Development
Book SynopsisA wind turbine is a rotating machine which converts the kinetic energy in wind into mechanical energy. World-wide interest in renewable energy systems such as wind turbines has increased dramatically, due to environmental concerns like climate change and other factors. Wind power is a major source of sustainable energy, and can be harvested using both horizontal and vertical axis wind turbines. This book addresses wind turbines and provides theoretical background and rationale for these developments. The required guidelines to make wind farms environmentally friendly are addressed, as well as the impact that wind turbines may have on benthic biomass and diversity. Ideas about future developments of wind turbines are also reviewed in this book.
£176.24
New World Library Let It Shine: The 6,000-Year Story of Solar
Book Synopsis
£22.46
Nova Science Publishers Inc Jatropha Curcas as a Premier Biofuel: Cost,
Book SynopsisAmong the oil-bearing tree species, Jatropha curcas is currently becoming an interesting crop for the production of biodiesel due to some of its interesting properties including resistance to drought, possibility to grow well and quickly on marginal lands without much fertiliser inputs and the need for only moderate rainfall. In this book, a series of biotechnological methodologies is reported, such as vitro propagation and plant breeding of jatropha curcas for the sustainable production of biodiesel. An overview of the currently available information on the different research on the production of biodiesel using jatropha al raw material is also given in terms of catalysts and possible non-edible feedstocks to be utilised in the process. In addition, the different options to include Jatropha in agroforestry systems are described. Their potential social, economic and environmental risks and benefits are discussed. In particular, land use changes related to Jatropha cultivation, their possible impact on food supplies and the up-scaling possibilities are focused upon. Based on this assessment, the authors provide clear guidelines for the expansion of Jatropha cultivation on a sound socio-economic and environmental basis. Moreover, Yunnan is the richest wild Jatropha resources province now and is to become the greatest Jatropha planting forest province in the following ten years. This book describes the flowering, fruit setting, pollination, seeds biological characteristics of Jastropha under various conditions in Yunnan. Other chapters review the studies available to date about the impact of the introduction of the biofuel crops Jatropha curcas on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from land use change in tropical regions. This book also attempts to go beyond the pro-contra debate on bio-fuels to search for possible sustainable trajectories.
£176.24
Nova Science Publishers Inc Renewable Energies: Feasibility, Time & Cost
Book Synopsis
£29.99
Nova Science Publishers Inc Photovoltaics: Developments, Applications &
Book SynopsisPhotovoltaics (PV) is the field of technology and research related to the application of solar cells for energy by converting sun energy directly into electricity. Due to the growing demand for clean sources of energy, the manufacture of solar cells and photovoltaic arrays has expanded dramatically in recent years. Photovoltaic production has been doubling every two years, increasing by an average of 48 percent each year since 2002, making it the world''s fastest-growing energy technology. They are best known as a method for generating electric power by using solar cells packaged in photovoltaic modules, often electrically connected in multiples as solar photovoltaic arrays, to convert energy from the sun into electricity. This book gathers the latest research from around the globe in this dynamic field.
£999.99
Nova Science Publishers Inc Computational Techniques: The Multiphase CFD
Book SynopsisBook & CD-ROM. This text has been used in the form of class notes taught to graduate and senior undergraduate students in chemical and mechanical engineering at Illinois Institute of Technology for the last three decades. The computer codes, particularly the Navier-Stokes equation solvers, have been continually updated by several Ph.D. students over the last decade. The theory of fluidisation and multiphase flow is based on the new paradigm that emerged in the 1980s as granular flow. Commercial CFD codes, such as FLUENT, already use this theory. However, this theory is not yet complete. Hence the programs described in this text can be easily updated as new theory is developed. For example, the codes can be extended to anisotropic and multi-size particle flow based on the emerging kinetic theories. Hence this book should be useful to research engineers in industry, to graduate students and to professors teaching a first course in computational techniques. In this book the authors illustrate how their code as well as the commercial codes can be used for the design of green energy technology processes.
£999.99
Nova Science Publishers Inc Ethanol Economics & Ethanol's Impact on Food
Book SynopsisEthanol production in the United States totalled almost 5 billion gallons in 2006, about 1 billion gallons more than in 2005. While this was a significant increase, further expansion in the industry is continuing, with production expected to exceed 10 billion gallons by 2009. This large and rapid expansion of U.S. ethanol production affects virtually every aspect of the field crops sector, ranging from domestic demand and exports to prices and the allocation of acreage among crops. Many aspects of the livestock sector are affected too. As a consequence of these commodity market impacts, farm income, government payments, and food prices also change. This book examines the economics of ethanol production and its impact on food prices and greenhouse gas emissions.
£129.74
Nova Science Publishers Inc Ethanol Biofuel Production
Book SynopsisFuel ethanol production has increased steadily in the U.S. since the 1980''s, when it was given impetus by the need to reduce energy dependence on foreign supplies. The momentum has continued as production costs have fallen, and as the U.S. Clean Air Act has specified a percentage of renewable fuels to be mixed with gasoline. New technologies that may further increase cost savings include co-product development, such as recovery of high-value food supplements, and cellulosic conversion. Though improvements in processing and technology are important, however, the fluctuating rise of inputs such as corn, the cost of energy alternatives, and environmental developments play larger roles in the fortunes of the industry. This book examines the use of ethanol as fuel, as well as its other applications in different parts of the world. This book also addresses a policy initiative by the Federal Administration to apply United States Department of Energy (DOE) research to broadening the country''s domestic production of economic, flexible, and secure sources of energy fuels. This book consists of public documents which have been located, gathered, combined, reformatted, and enhanced with a subject index, selectively edited and bound to provide easy access.
£139.49
Nova Science Publishers Inc Physics of Nanostructured Solar Cells
Book SynopsisThe world of nanotechnology has opened a vast array of novel frontiers in materials science, by the exploitation of the properties and phenomena at the nanometer scale. After transistors, also other devices will enter the nanoscale era. Technologies based on semi-conducting and/or organic materials have moved from a few empirical examples to a booming science-based activity. Physics at nanoscale becomes the science used for new device improvements. Solar cells are no exception to that. This book on nanophysics of photovoltaic cells thus comes at the right moment. Such a book will support research efforts in numerous laboratories where the solar cells of tomorrow are designed. The reader will be happy to find chapters on various topics, such as thermodynamics, photonics and electronics of dye-sensitised, electrochemical, nanostructured, polymer and organic materials. Light concentration, photoluminescence, intermediate-band absorption, photon conversion, and quantum confinement are discussed. The present book will surely be of great value for all scientists and engineers involved in the development of future solar cells.
£107.99
Nova Science Publishers Inc Biodiesel Fuels Reexamined
Book SynopsisBiodiesel, produced from seed oils or animal fats via the transesterification process, has been the focus of biofuel production because of its potential environmental benefits and because it is made from renewable biomass resources. Biodiesel can be blended with conventional diesel fuel in any proportion and used in diesel engines without significant engine modifications. In recent years, the sales volume for biodiesel in the U.S. has increased dramatically from about 2 million gallons in 2000, to 75 million gallons in 2005, to 250 million gallons in 2006. This book explores the effects of biodiesel on diesel engine nitrogen oxide and other regulated emissions.
£999.99
Nova Science Publishers Inc Corn Straw & Biomass Blends: Combustion
Book SynopsisCurrent energy consumption of biomass accounts for about 14% of total world energy consumption, second only to coal, oil, and natural gas, and developing countries account for 75% of the biomass utilisation. According to the statistics from 1998 to 2003, biomass resources in China were equivalent to 700 million tons of standard coal, of which about half was from straw. Combustion is frequently used for energy conversion of biomass, and corn straw combustion in grate furnaces is widespread in China. Corn is one of China''s three major crops and its straw is rich in resources. Understanding the mechanism of corn straw combustion in a fixed bed will help the clean and efficient use of corn straw as a source of energy. This book covers the issues of corn production and related discussion.
£46.49
