Alternative and renewable energy sources Books

Book SynopsisReliability Analysis Using MINITAB and Python Complete overview of the theory and fundamentals of Reliability Analysis applied with Minitab and Python tools Reliability Analysis Using Minitab and Python expertly applies Minitab and Python programs to the field of reliability engineering, presenting basic concepts and explaining step-by-step how to implement statistical distributions and reliability analysis methods using the two programming languages. The textbook enables readers to effectively use software to efficiently process massive amounts of data while also reducing human error. Examples and case studies as well as exercises and questions are included throughout to enable a smooth learning experience. Excel files containing the sample data and Minitab and Python example files are also provided. Students who have basic knowledge of probability and statistics will find this textbook highly approachable. Nonetheless, it also covers material on basic statistics at the beginning, soTable of ContentsAbout the Author ix Preface xi Acknowledgments xiii About the Companion Website xv 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Reliability Concepts 1 1.1.1 Reliability in Our Lives 1 1.1.2 History of Reliability 2 1.1.3 Definition of Reliability 2 1.1.4 Quality and Reliability 3 1.1.5 The Importance of Reliability 4 1.2 Failure Concepts 5 1.2.1 Definition of Failure 5 1.2.2 Causes of Failure 5 1.2.3 Types of Failure Time 7 1.2.4 The Reliability Bathtub Curve 12 1.3 Summary 16 2 Basic Concepts of Probability 19 2.1 Probability 19 2.1.1 The Importance of Probability in Reliability 20 2.2 Joint Probability with Independence 20 2.3 Union Probability 21 2.4 Conditional Probability 22 2.5 Joint Probability with Dependence 22 2.6 Mutually Exclusive Events 23 2.7 Complement Rule 24 2.8 Total Probability 24 2.9 Bayes’ Rule 25 2.10 Summary 26 3 Lifetime Distributions 29 3.1 Probability Distributions 29 3.1.1 Random Variables 29 3.2 Discrete Probability Distribution 30 3.3 Continuous Probability Distribution 32 3.3.1 Reliability Concepts 33 3.3.2 Failure Rate 35 3.4 Exponential Distribution 37 3.4.1 Exponential Lack of Memory Property 40 3.4.2 Excel Practice 41 3.4.3 Minitab Practice 41 3.4.4 Python Practice 43 3.5 Weibull Distribution 46 3.5.1 Excel Practice 52 3.5.2 Minitab Practice 52 3.5.3 Python Practice 53 3.6 Normal Distribution 54 3.6.1 Excel Practice 60 3.6.2 Minitab Practice 60 3.6.3 Python Practice 62 3.7 Lognormal Distribution 63 3.7.1 Excel Practice 66 3.7.2 Minitab Practice 66 3.7.3 Python Practice 68 3.8 Summary 70 4 Reliability Data Plotting 77 4.1 Straight Line Properties 77 4.2 Least Squares Fit 79 4.2.1 Excel Practice 81 4.2.2 Minitab Practice 82 4.2.3 Python Practice 82 4.3 Linear Rectification 84 4.4 Exponential Distribution Plotting 84 4.4.1 Excel Practice 92 4.4.2 Minitab Practice 92 4.4.3 Python Practice 94 4.5 Weibull Distribution Plotting 96 4.5.1 Minitab Practice 99 4.5.2 Python Practice 100 4.6 Normal Distribution Plotting 103 4.6.1 Minitab Practice 105 4.6.2 Python Practice 105 4.7 Lognormal Distribution Plotting 106 4.7.1 Minitab Practice 108 4.7.2 Python Practice 110 4.8 Summary 111 5 Accelerated Life Testing 115 5.1 Accelerated Testing Theory 115 5.2 Exponential Distribution Acceleration 117 5.3 Weibull Distribution Acceleration 118 5.3.1 Minitab Practice 119 5.3.2 Python Practice 120 5.4 Arrhenius Model 123 5.4.1 Minitab Practice 125 5.4.2 Python Practice 127 5.5 Summary 129 6 System Failure Modeling 131 6.1 Reliability Block Diagram 131 6.2 Series System Model 132 6.3 Parallel System Model 135 6.4 Combined Serial–Parallel System Model 138 6.5 k-out-of-n System Model 140 6.6 Minimal Paths and Minimal Cuts 142 6.7 Summary 148 7 Repairable Systems 151 7.1 Corrective Maintenance 151 7.2 Preventive Maintenance 152 7.3 Mean Time between Failures 152 7.4 Mean Time to Repair 153 7.5 Availability 153 7.5.1 Inherent Availability 153 7.5.2 Achieved Availability 154 7.5.3 Operational Availability 155 7.5.4 System Availability 156 7.6 Maintainability 156 7.7 Preventive Maintenance Scheduling 157 7.7.1 Python Practice 160 7.8 Summary 161 8 Case Studies 165 8.1 Parametric Reliability Analysis 165 8.1.1 Description of Case Study 166 8.1.2 Minitab Practice 166 8.1.3 Python Practice 177 8.2 Nonparametric Reliability Analysis 184 8.2.1 Description of Case Study 184 8.2.2 Minitab Practice 185 8.2.3 Python Practice 189 8.3 Driverless Car Failure Data Analysis 190 8.3.1 Description of Case Study 190 8.3.2 Minitab Practice 193 8.3.3 Python Practice 199 8.4 Warranty Analysis 202 8.4.1 Description of Case Study 202 8.4.2 Minitab Practice 204 8.5 Stress–Strength Interference Analysis 210 8.5.1 Description of Case Study 210 8.5.2 Minitab Practice 211 8.5.3 Python Practice 213 8.6 Summary 214 Index 219

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Trade Review"...should not be missing in the best scientific libraries in the world...a work that every expert on geothermal energy, of any discipline, would be proud to count among those of his or her personal archive."--IGA News "This book covers everything professionals and students need to know about geothermal power plants, by someone you need to know it from." --Raffaele Cataldi, Founder of the International Geothermal AssociationTable of ContentsPART ONE RESOURCE IDENTIFICATION AND DEVELOPMENT 1. Geology of Geothermal Regions 2. Exploration Strategies and Techniques 3. Geothermal Well Drilling 4. Reservoir Engineering PART TWO GEOTHERMAL POWER GENERATING SYSTEMS 5. Single-Flash Steam Power Plants 6. Double- and Triple-Flash Steam Power Plants 7. Dry-Steam Power Plants 8. Binary Cycle Power Plants 9. Advanced Geothermal Energy Conversion Systems 10. Exergy Analysis Applied to Geothermal Power Systems PART THREE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT CASE STUDIES 11. Larderello Dry-Steam Power Plants, Tuscany, Italy 12. The Geysers Dry-Steam Power Plants, Sonoma and Lake Counties, California, U.S.A. 13. Geothermal Power Plants of New Zealand 14. Geothermal Power Plants of Indonesia 15. Geothermal Power Plants of Latin America and the Caribbean 16. Geothermal Power Plants in Nevada, U.S.A. 17. Heber Binary Plants, Imperial Valley, California, USA 18. Magmamax Binary Power Plant, East Mesa, Imperial Valley California, USA 19. Nesjavellir and Hellisheidi Plants, Iceland 20. Raft River Plants, Idaho, USA 21. Geothermal Power Plants in Turkey 22. Enhanced Geothermal Systems – Projects and Plants 23. Environmental Impact of Geothermal Power Plants Appendices

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Table of Contents1. Introduction2. Geothermal systems3. Geothermal wells4. Introduction to pressure-transient analysis5. Advanced analytical pressure-transient analysis relevant to geothermal wells6. Completion and output testing7. Downhole tools and other practical considerations8. Numerical pressure-transient analysis modelling framework9. Operation and management of geothermal wells10. Field studies

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Book SynopsisCovering all aspects of microgrid design, including formation, integration, planning, composition and operation, this self-contained resource is ideal for graduate students and professionals in electrical, mechanical and chemical engineering and materials science.Trade Review'This book brings together all the important design, operation, and control challenges for microgrids and shows why they are vital to the future power grid. It is a comprehensive, timely, and thorough treatment that offers a textbook for advanced students or a learning manual for industry practitioners seeking broad coverage of microgrids. An excellent first book on the subject for those engaged in emerging energy systems.' Philip Krein, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign'Looking to the future of dispersed control implemented in localized power systems with diverse resources, architectures, and management, this book circulates correctly around the expanding capabilities and falling costs of power electronics. It comprehensively lays out techniques for conducting the key reliability, resiliency, and related economic analyses, neatly introduces the major generation and storage technologies, and finally tackles the challenges of system integration, control, and interconnection.' Chris Marnay, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryTable of ContentsPart I. Motivation: 1. Introduction; 2. Component reliability and system availability; 3. Economics; Part II. Technologies: 4. Power electronic interfaces; 5. Power generation sources; 6. Energy storage; Part III. Integration: 7. System architecture; 8. Operation and control; 9. Grid interaction; 10. Applications; 11. Appendix.

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Book SynopsisThis Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report (IPCC-SRREN) assesses the potential role of renewable energy in the mitigation of climate change. It covers the six most important renewable energy sources bioenergy, solar, geothermal, hydropower, ocean and wind energy as well as their integration into present and future energy systems. It considers the environmental and social consequences associated with the deployment of these technologies and presents strategies to overcome technical as well as non-technical obstacles to their application and diffusion. SRREN brings a broad spectrum of technology-specific experts together with scientists studying energy systems as a whole. Prepared following strict IPCC procedures, it presents an impartial assessment of the current state of knowledge: it is policy relevant but not policy prescriptive. SRREN is an invaluable assessment of the potential role of renewable energy for the mitigation of climate change for policymakers, the Trade Review'The IPCC has provided us with a well-researched, carefully-presented assessment of the costs, risks and opportunities of renewable energy sources. It provides a systematic analysis and scientific assessment of the current knowledge about one of the most promising options to cut emissions of greenhouse gases and to mitigate climate change.' Lord Nicholas Stern, IG Patel Professor of Economics and Government, London School of Economics and Political Science'The mitigation of climate change is one of the major challenges of the 21st century. The transition of our global energy system to one that supports a high share of renewable energy could be an integral part of humankind's answer to this challenge. This report provides important groundwork for such a transition.' Hartmut Graßl, Former Director of the World Climate Research Programme, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology'This report is a comprehensive and authoritative contribution to the debate about whether renewable energy can solve the climate problem in an economically attractive fashion. It's a blueprint for further development of the renewables sector and sets out clearly its role in climate change mitigation.' Geoffrey Heal, Columbia Business School, Columbia University'Renewable energy resources and the technologies to expand their use provide the key energy source to address multiple challenges of national and global sustainability for all. This report is invaluable for the 21st Century.' Thomas B. Johansson, Lund University, Sweden'Renewable energy can drive global sustainable development. This Special Report comes at the right time and offers insights and guidance to strongly facilitate the change of our industrial metabolism.' Klaus Töpfer, Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies, Potsdam'There may be a number of ways to achieve a low-carbon economy, but no pathway has been as thoroughly and comprehensively explored as the range of possible contributions of renewable energy sources towards achieving that goal contained in this IPCC Special Report.' John P. Weyant, Stanford UniversityTable of ContentsForeword; Preface; Summary for policymakers; Technical summary; 1. Renewable energy and climate change; 2. Bioenergy; 3. Direct solar energy; 4. Geothermal energy; 5. Hydropower; 6. Ocean energy; 7. Wind energy; 8. Integration of renewable energy into present and future energy systems; 9. Renewable energy in the context of sustainable development; 10. Mitigation potential and costs; 11. Policy, financing and implementation; Annex I. Glossary and acronyms; Annex II. Methodology; Annex III. Recent renewable energy cost and performance parameters; Annex IV. Contributors to the IPCC Special Report; Annex V. Reviewers of the IPCC Special Report; Annex VI. Permissions to publish.

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Book SynopsisWith this self-contained and comprehensive text, students and researchers will gain a detailed understanding of the fundamental aspects of the hydrodynamic control of wave energy converters. Such control is necessary to maximise energy capture for a given device configuration and plays a major role in efforts to make wave energy economic. Covering a wide range of disciplines, the reader is taken from the mathematical and technical fundamentals, through the main pillars of wave energy hydrodynamic control, right through to state-of-the-art algorithms for hydrodynamic control. The various operating principles of wave energy converters are exposed and the unique aspects of the hydrodynamic control problem highlighted, with a variety of potential solutions discussed. Supporting material on wave forecasting and the interaction of the hydrodynamic control problem with other aspects of wave energy device optimisation, such as device geometry optimisation and optimal device array layout, is alTrade Review'… the object of the book is a natural marriage between wave energy and control engineering. As a whole, the book can provide those involved in the development of wave energy converters, especially in tasks related to hydrodynamic modelling and power take-off, with the background required to use the tools of control engineering to improve the design and performance of the converter. Conversely, the book gives the control engineer the hydrodynamics and related fundamentals to move forward in his wave energy conversion studies. Boxes and numerical examples can be found along the text for better understanding of the theory. The book is highly recommended for all professionals and researchers involved in the design and control of wave energy converters. It is also suitable as a textbook for postgraduate studies in this field.' António F. O. Falcão, Journal of Ocean Engineering and Marine EnergyTable of ContentsPart I. Introduction: 1. Wave energy conversion; Part II. The Basics: 2. Introduction to control engineering; 3. Bodies oscillating in air; 4. Bodies oscillating in water; Part III. The Hydrodynamics: 5. Nature of the wave input; 6. A closer look at wave energy hydrodynamics; Part IV. Velocity Control Using a Hydrodynamic Model: 7. Reactive control in time domain; 8. A causal real-time controller for WECs; Part V. Control by Optimizing a Performance Index: 9. Non-reactive switching control; 10. Optimal numerical control of wave energy converters; 11. Control strategies for WEC arrays; 12. Wave forecasting for control; Part VI. Towards Overall WEC System Hydrodynamic Optimisation: 13. Position and force constraint analysis and optimisation; 14. Interaction between control and optimum system design; Part VII. In Closing: 15. Conclusion; Bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisA useful text for readers in the field of solar photovoltaics (SPV), covering fundamental concepts, current devices and technologies as well as new materials and devices. Photovoltaic applications are explained for different types of SPV systems: from grid-connected to stand-alone, with plenty of solved examples and exercises for readers.Table of ContentsFigures; Tables; Preface; Acknowledgement; 1. Introduction to solar energy and solar photovoltaics; 2. Crystalline silicon cells; 3. Thin film solar cells; 4. III-V compound, concentrator and photoelectrochemical cells; 5. Organic and polymer solar cells; 6. Manufacture of c-Si and III-V based high efficiency solar PV cells; 7. Manufacture of solar PV modules; 8. Characterization, testing, and reliability of solar PV module; 9. Overview of solar PV system technology and design; 10. Design and implementation of off-grid and on-grid SPV systems; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a better understanding of Fuzzy set theory, Fuzzy logic and Neural Networks and various other techniques seem very well suited for modelling and controlling a real system. Energy is of major importance to civilisation, because it is driving force which binds human race. The estimation of energy in the form of renewable and sustainable is one of the important aspects to understand the how resources are harnessed and to predict what might happen under various possible future conditions. Using available modelling techniques to generate the best algorithms, the objective is to determine the best solution in terms of comparing the performances of the solutions through different parameters for a specific case. Consumption of Fossil fuels at a rapid pace has generated an alarming situation and with the subsequent increase in the number of vehicle the pollution level has reached well beyond human's control. This is frightening enough to observe the fact that the pollution level has surpassed all records and the need of the hour is to find an alternate fuel which can really be of great assistance in reducing the exhaust emission and augment the performance parameters of engine. Major researches are carried out on various engines to draw closer towards a realistic solution. Experiments performed on various engines are considered to be time consuming and the expenses met to perform these experiments are too costly, so the need of soft computing techniques involved in this area. Soft computing can be better described as the process to find the solution to an inexact problem. Soft computing has showed lot of potential in giving the researchers the exact solution may be in case of validating or predicting the performance and emission parameters. Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference system (ANFIS), Fuzzy Expert System (FES), Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) are the various soft computing techniques widely used. This book focuses on to carry out the comprehensive review and various other experimental works of various researchers who have carried out the work on these various soft computing techniques on various engines with various alternative fuels on the basis of modelling techniques, time is saved to a great extent and the capital investment involved is comparably very low. Various modelling techniques are being readily used to predict the performance parameters for various engines and modelling techniques have become the readily available tool to compare and validate the experimental work being carried out by researchers to get accurate matching with the experimental data. The benefit of this issue will be at large in connecting with varieties of work done in the field of Biomass which includes wood and wood waste, municipal solid waste. Landfill gas and biogas. Ethanol, Biodiesel, Hydropower, Geothermal, Wind, Solar. Thus soft computing techniques are fast and reliable hence, they can be a substitute for conventional experiments.Table of ContentsPreface; Investigation of Wind and Photovoltaic Energy Systems for Daily Load Dispatch on Reconfigurable Microgrid through Hybrid Fuzzy-MFO; Biomass; Hydrogen: Present and Future Energy; Safety Aspects in Handling and Storage of Ultra High Purity Gaseous Hydrogen; Review on the Performance, Combustion, and Emissions of Butanol-Diesel Mixes in Compression Ignition Engine; Specific Soft Computing Strategies for Evaluating the Performance and Emissions of a Spark-Ignition Engine Using Alcohol-Gasoline Blended Fuels: A Comprehensive Analysis; Energy Conservation Techniques for Food Processing and Manufacturing Industries; Effect of Biodiesel on Performance, Emissions and Combustion; Sustainable Development through Learning Climate Change: Adaptation Mitigation and Finance; Index.

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Book SynopsisSolar energy is derived ultimately from the sun. It can be divided into direct and indirect categories. Most energy sources on Earth are forms of indirect solar energy, although we usually don''t think of them in that way. Coal, oil and natural gas derive from ancient biological material which took its energy from the sun (via plant photosynthesis) millions of years ago. All the energy in wood and foodstuffs also comes from the sun. Movement of the wind (which causes waves at sea), and the evaporation of water to form rainfall which accumulates in rivers and lakes, are also powered by the sun. Therefore, hydroelectric power and wind and wave power are forms of indirect solar energy. Direct solar energy is what we usually mean when we speak of solar power it is the use of sunlight for heating or generating electricity. Solar energy research and applications have been receiving increasing attention throughout the world as solar energy must play a much greater role in the energy mix in upcoming years. This book examines new research in this frontier field.

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Book SynopsisGeothermal energy is a form of renewable energy derived from heat deep in the earth''s crust. Enormous amounts of thermal energy are continuously generated by the decay of radioactive isotopes of underground rocks and stored in our globe''s interior. This heat is as inexhaustible and renewable as solar energy. This heat is brought to the near-surface by thermal conduction and by intrusion into the earth''s crust of molten magma originating from great depth. As groundwater is heated, geothermal energy is produced in the form of hot water and steam. The heated groundwater can be used for direct heating of homes and greenhouses, for vegetable drying, and for a number of other uses. These are known as direct uses of geothermal energy. Geothermal energy is also used for electricity production. This book presents leading-edge research in a field destined for increased attention throughout the world.

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Book SynopsisEnergy is essential to our Nation and our lives; we use energy to power homes and businesses and to transport people and goods, making it an important component of our economy. Reliable, clean and affordable energy is critical to energy security and our economy. Furthermore, we can reduce our dependence on foreign sources of energy by diversifying our energy mix using domestic resources. The U.S. Department of Energy is committed to "discovering the solutions to power and secure America''s future, which include clean energy technologies that not only enhance energy independence but also can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and criteria air pollutants." The Department''s robust activities to support the development of solar energy technologies include applied research in support of the Solar America Initiative in the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Solar Energy Technologies Program as well as important exploratory research in the Office of Science. The support of Congress as well as incentives and support from state governments, will be critical to achieving the SAI goals. This book consists of public documents which have been located, gathered, combined, reformatted, and enhanced with a subject index, selectively edited and bound to provide easy access.

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Book SynopsisA wind turbine is a rotating machine which converts the kinetic energy in wind into mechanical energy. World-wide interest in renewable energy systems such as wind turbines has increased dramatically, due to environmental concerns like climate change and other factors. Wind power is a major source of sustainable energy, and can be harvested using both horizontal and vertical axis wind turbines. This book addresses wind turbines and provides theoretical background and rationale for these developments. The required guidelines to make wind farms environmentally friendly are addressed, as well as the impact that wind turbines may have on benthic biomass and diversity. Ideas about future developments of wind turbines are also reviewed in this book.

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Book SynopsisEthanol production in the United States totalled almost 5 billion gallons in 2006, about 1 billion gallons more than in 2005. While this was a significant increase, further expansion in the industry is continuing, with production expected to exceed 10 billion gallons by 2009. This large and rapid expansion of U.S. ethanol production affects virtually every aspect of the field crops sector, ranging from domestic demand and exports to prices and the allocation of acreage among crops. Many aspects of the livestock sector are affected too. As a consequence of these commodity market impacts, farm income, government payments, and food prices also change. This book examines the economics of ethanol production and its impact on food prices and greenhouse gas emissions.

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Book SynopsisThe Obama Administration believes strongly that the United States must lead the clean energy economy of the 21st century. When more of our electricity comes from clean energy, our economy will be more stable, our country more secure, our people healthier and our environment more sustainable. In addition, building a robust clean energy industry will help create the high-paying, high-technology jobs our country''s future requires. This book examines the U.S. Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Export Initiative which the Obama Administration has launched and which is the most concerted effort to date to develop America''s capacity for manufacturing clean energy technologies.

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Book SynopsisBiopower -- a form of renewable energy -- is the generation of electric power from biomass feedstocks. Biopower, which comprised about 1% of electricity generation in 2008, may reduce greenhouse gas emissions, provide energy security, and promote economic development. Federal policy-makers are supporting biopower through feedstock supply analysis and biopower technology assessments.

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Book SynopsisThe United States faces important decisions about future energy supply and use. A key question is how renewable energy resources might be used to meet U.S. energy needs in general, and to meet U.S. electricity needs specifically. This book provides a summary of U.S. electricity generation potential from wind, solar, geothermal, hydroelectric, ocean-hydrokinetic, and biomass sources of renewable energy. An assessment of U.S. renewable electricity generation potential and how renewables might satisfy electric power sector demand is discussed, as are the challenges, issues and barriers that might limit renewable electricity generation deployment.

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Book SynopsisAmong the available options for encouraging the increased deployment of renewable electricity, renewables portfolio standards (RPS) have become increasingly popular. The RPS is a relatively new policy mechanism, however, and experience with its use is only beginning to emerge. One key concern that has been voiced is whether RPS policies will offer adequate support to a wide range of renewable energy technologies and applications or whether, alternatively, RPS programs will favour a small number of the currently least-cost forms of renewable energy. This book documents the design of and early experience with state-level RPS programs in the United States that have been specifically tailored to encourage a wider diversity of renewable energy technologies, and solar energy in particular. State-level RPS programs specifically designed to support solar energy have already proven to be an important, albeit somewhat modest, driver for solar energy deployment, and those impacts are projected to continue to build in coming years.

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Book SynopsisAs demand for energy increases, many communities are seeking ways to meet this demand with clean, safe, reliable energy from renewable sources such as sun and wind. Fortunately, many of the key technologies that can unlock the power of these renewable resources are available on the market today. While the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) continues to fund research and development (R&D) to improve solar technologies, DOE is also focusing on accelerating a robust nation-wide market for the currently available technologies. Advances in solar technology, an increase in federal and state tax incentives, and creative new financing models have made solar projects including community solar projects, more financially feasible. This book focuses on the availability of solar power for communities along with a guidance for local stockholders.

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Book SynopsisClimate change and foreseen high fuel prices play an important role in the development of alternative energy sources. Renewable energy concerns the sources, which are not expected to be depleted in a time frame relevant to the human race. This new and important edited volume gathers the latest research from around the globe in the study of renewable energy sources and highlights such topics as economics, emerging technologies and global practices including energy policies. It provides an insight into the current trends in the field of renewable energy, which are expected to play an important role in future sustainable energy systems. It is not by any means exhaustive, nor is it intended to be, but provides an overview of current research advancements in the field. This edited volume can serve as a reference text for researchers in the field of sustainable energy systems including energy economics, energy planners, electric utility managers, energy regulators, consultants, policy makers and economists.

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Book SynopsisBiomass presents an attractive source for the production of fuels and chemicals, mainly due to the concerns over the depleting fossil fuel, growing awareness of environmental issues associated with fossil fuel consumption, and increasing world energy demand. Biomass resources include agricultural and forest residues, energy crops, livestock residues as well as municipal solid waste. These biomass resources are first processed into a conversion-friendly form, followed by the transformation to a wide range of energy and/or chemical products using two primary biorefinery platforms: biochemical and thermochemical. This book covers the most recent advances in biomass processing, biochemical and thermochemical conversion technologies, and thus, serves as a useful reference to agriculture engineers, chemical engineers, biotechnology engineers and engineering students. The contents of the book are divided into three sections: biomass overview and processing, biomass thermochemical and biochemical conversion technologies, and integrated biorefinery processes.

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Book SynopsisIn the United States, growing awareness of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the possible implications for global climate change have combined with recent high energy prices and economic uncertainty to rekindle interest in renewable energy. Renewable energy technologies generate electricity from resources such as the sun, wind, or biomass, with essentially no net GHG emissions. President Obama has declared a goal for the United States to become the world''s leading exporter of renewable energy technologies, setting out policy objectives for the development of related "green jobs". This book discusses what "green job" are, and provides highlights on challenges of targeted training programs for emerging industries.

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Book SynopsisFederal policy has played a key role in the emergence of the U.S. biofuels industry. Policy measures have included minimum renewable fuel usage requirements, blending and production tax credits, an import tariff, loans and loan guarantees, and research grants. One of the more prominent forms of federal policy support is the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) -- whereby a minimum volume of biofuels is to be used in the national transportation fuel supply each year. This book describes the general nature of the RFS mandate and its implementation, and outlines some emerging issues related to the continued growth of U.S. biofuels production needed to fulfill the expanding RFS mandate, the potential inability of the domestic market to absorb ethanol above a 10% share of domestic gasoline fuels (a problem known as the "blend wall"), and the emergence of potential unintended consequences of this rapid expansion.

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Book SynopsisThe cars which emit no greenhouse gases or creates no pollution... Cell phones and laptops working for a long time with a single cartridge without the necessity of recharging... The sun, the wind or the water from the river used for heating and lighting even in the night or when there is no wind and the river is dry... The energy from the sun, the wind, the rivers and the nuclear reactors is used to run the car engines... Is it possible? In other words, can we use energy in a way that it can be stored, be renewable and respects the environment and does no harm to health? But the energy: what is it? what purpose does it serve? From where does it come? How is it manipulated? What are the benefits? What are the inconveniences? The Canadian Hydrogen Association is a not-for-profit corporation that promotes the production, transportation, storage and application of hydrogen in its myriad applications and encourages the development of industrial hydrogen and hydrogen energy systems and markets for new energy service technologies to improve the environment. The CHA is the voice of the hydrogen community in Canada and is a trusted advisor to both government and industry. The Association Française de l''Hydrogène, founded in 1998, includes institutions, laboratories, companies and specialists working to promote the development and use of this fuel without carbon and without greenhouse gas emission.

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Book SynopsisFloods, species extinction, migration, droughts, super tornadoes - climate change is no longer a threat looming on the horizon but has long since become part of our everyday lives. Limiting the emerging and worsening climate changes is one of the most important challenges of our time.All human induced climate impacts can be traced back to a single factor: Energy. This book provides a comprehensive and readable introduction to the interplay between energy and climate, which also includes the fields of technology, economics, and politics. At the same time, the issue is highly complex and can only be understood in all its details by expert scientists, meaning that the facts are often poorly presented in the political discussion about climate. To put it simply: If we want to stop and even reverse the current climate trends, we need to find answers to the following three questions: · How exactly does our existing way of consuming energy affect the climate? · What options are there for generating energy without negative climate effects, and what do these mean for our lives? · What technological advances will directly help us to achieve this in future? In a non-alarmist yet entertaining manner, the book highlights the key determinants of global energy supply. Readers will come to appreciate the crucial facts about "energy and climate", will be up to date with the latest scientific and technological knowledge, and will understand the global political and economic framework that we need to consider when designing an appropriate future energy and climate policy. At the same time, the author conveys a clear and optimistic message: We already have the technical capabilities (which will be further enhanced in the future) to reverse the devastating climate trends without significantly limiting prosperity. The obstacles lie primarily in economic and political "constraints" and particular conflicts of interest. “A very important book that explains one of the most essential questions of our time - how we can master climate change by an energy transition - with scientific precision and clear words.” Georg Kell, founder and former Executive Director of the United Nations Global Compact Table of ContentsForeword.- Part 1 – Energy.- From Aristotle to Nuclear Fusion - The Long Road to Realising What Energy Is. The Foundation of Civilisation.- The Comeback of Sustainable Energy - Why Fossil Energy Sources are Only a Footnote in Human History.- Electricity War and Smart Grids - The Key Role of Electricity Storage and Transport.- Part 2 – Climate.- A Brief History of the Climate - What Makes Current Global Warming so Special.- The Beat of the Butterfly's Wings - How Climate Research and Climate Models Work.- From Knowledge to Action - The Risk Ethics of Climate Policy.- Climate Deniers, Climate Hysterics and Nimbys - In the Self-Service Shop of Arguments.- Part 3 – Power.- The Path of Renewable Electricity - From Niche Products to the High-tech Innovations of the Future.- The Wild Cards in the Game - How Game Changers Could Change Everything.- Yes, we can! - The Marketability of Renewable Energies.- Re-parking in the Mind - The Second Half of the Road to an Ecological Society.- Part 4 – Society.- The Economy of the Future - From the Struggle for Resources to the Economy of Sharing.- The Unfortunate Primacy of Economics - Why Politics Must Set Limits to the Markets.- In the Interest of All Humankind - The Long Road from National Energy Concepts to Global Politics.- A Construction Site for Us All - The Victory of Climate Ethics.

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Book Synopsis As living, economic and cultural spaces, cities require a sustainable energy system and must be designed to be highly energy efficient. The book provides a framework for practitioners and scientists on how the energy transition can contribute to achieving climate goals in the building sector. Innovations and creative approaches for solutions from the lighthouse projects of the Solar Building/Energy Efficient City funding initiative are presented.

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Book SynopsisThis unique book offers an introduction to the development of renewable energy in Australia in the early 2000s. Examining the rise of dispersed, embedded solar energy systems in Western Australia, it looks specifically at the Solex project in Carnarvon, WA, which pioneered the harvest of solar energy from what was once considered the pursuit of the lunatic fringes of society to a viable energy source for mainstream society and industry. In this fascinating case study Fullarton shows how a practical demonstration of innovative existing technology can have an incredible impact on a national scale. The ideas behind the Solex project slowly became adopted by the broader community and were eventually taken up enthusiastically by the general population of Australia. Analysing government and utility policies throughout the 2000s, the book traces how ambivalence was followed by whole-hearted incentives to the roll-out of alternative energy and subsequent active opposition to alternative energy in favour of traditional fossil fuel as government philosophies changed.Trade Review"I do not know of any other critique of [Australias Renewable Energy Target] scheme as in-depth as this. Not only is it comprehensive and incisive but, in Fullartons usual inimitable way, what he has produced is entertaining reading to boot!" -- David Harries, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Western Australia"Pioneer is a title earnt, while visionary is a title often claimed, but in reality can only be ascribed by others. Lex Fullarton's efforts in a remote part of Australia reveal him as pioneer of the renewable energy sector Down Under, while his visionary efforts to deliver a solar project in Australia's Outback flew in the face of the conventional wisdom espoused in the Australian Government's 2003 Renewable Energy Target that mostly ruled out the value of solar, and pushed instead in favor of biomass and wind. Fully' was right - the future is clean, and making the most of solar in all ways that we can is the key." -- Ray Wills, School of Earth and Environment, University of Western Australia

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisThis book covers PV system components, applications, design, costing, maintenance, and solar PV programs in India and worldwide. It also includes a glossary, lists of manufacturers and implementation agencies, and important websites on Renewable Energy.

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Book SynopsisA multidisciplinary project focusing on supply chain innovation in the offshore wind energy sector has been carried out from 2014 to 2019. Based on in-depth industry involvement, the overall objective of the project is to provide new knowledge on means for Reducing the Cost of Energy (ReCoE) obtained from offshore wind parks through industrialisation of the sector. The project has been managed by the University of Southern Denmark and, beyond own researchers from the Faculty of Business and Social Sciences and the Faculty of Engineering, has also included researchers from the United States, the United Kingdom, and France. The whole project has applied a management approach to ReCoE. This book contains 16 selected articles disseminating practical relevant knowledge about supply chain management practice, maturity, innovation-fostering practice, supply network strategies, operations and maintenance, and emerging issues. The articles are encapsulated by an introduction to ReCoE and perspectives on future developments of research within this area.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisA provocative call for delegitimizing fossil fuels rather than accommodating them, accompanied by case studies from Ecuador to Appalachia and from Germany to Norway.Not so long ago, people North and South had little reason to believe that wealth from oil, gas, and coal brought anything but great prosperity. But the presumption of net benefits from fossil fuels is eroding as widening circles of people rich and poor experience the downside.A positive transition to a post-fossil fuel era cannot wait for global agreement, a swap-in of renewables, a miracle technology, a carbon market, or lifestyle change. This book shows that it is now possible to take the first step toward the post-fossil fuel era, by resisting the slow violence of extreme extraction and combustion, exiting the industry, and imagining a good life after fossil fuels. It shows how an environmental politics of transition might occur, arguing for going to the source rather than managing byproducts, for delegi

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