Alternative and renewable energy sources Books

Book SynopsisEnergy Development.- Development of Fundamentals.- Grid Extension.- Off-Grid Systems.- Control of Off-Grid Systems.- Control of Off-Grid Systems.- Off-Grid Design Approaches.- Solar Home Systems & Solar Lanterns.- Economic and Business Considerations.- Practical Considerations.- Grid Connected Issues.- Case Studies.

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Book SynopsisChapter 1. Introduction: Recycling to Support the Energy Transition.- Chapter 2. Lithium-ion Batteries.- Chapter 3. Electric Motors.- Chapter 4. Wind Turbine Blades.- Chapter 5. Photovoltaic Panels.

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Book SynopsisPreface.- Organization Committee.- Biomass Energy. - Hydraulic Energy.- Hydrogen Energy.- Photovoltaic Energy.- Wind Energy.- Other Energy Sources.- Energy Applications.

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Book SynopsisThe Use of Analytical Chemistry to Understand Biomass.- Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Lignins from Different Sources and Isolation Methods for an Application as a Biobased Chemical Resource and Polymeric Material.- Analyses of Biomass Fibers by XRD, FT-IR, and NIR.- Molecular Properties and Functions of Humic Substances and Humic-Like Substances (HULIS) from Biomass and Their Transformation Products.- Mass Spectrometry for Metabolomics and Biomass Composition Analyses.- Analyses of Biomass Products by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.- Microscopy Applied In Biomass Characterization.- Analytical Strategies Using Chromatographic Methodologies to Analyze Lignocellulosic Feedstocks and their Value-Added Compounds in Biorefinery Processes.- Chemical Analysis and Characterization of Biomass for Biorefineries.- Green Analytical Chemistry for Biomass and their Products.- Analytical Chemistry for Sustainability Measurements.- Analytics for Renewable Hydrogen.- NMR-Based Metabolomics for Plant Biomass Analysis.

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Book SynopsisCh 1: Research Progress on Improving Anaerobic Digestion Efficiency of Kitchen Waste in Biogas Power Generation.- Ch 2: Characterization and Simulation of the Biomass Pretreatment Procedures.- Ch 3: Sustainable Biomass Conversion to Biofuel: Recyclable Nanoporous Lignin-derived Cryogel Incorporated with H3PW12O40 - Nb2O5 for Levulinic Acid Production.- Ch 4: Application research of hydrogen production and water treatment based on photothermal catalyst.- Ch 5: Impact of Phase Change Materials on Temperature Regulation in Passive Cooling Systems.- Ch 6: Integrated Optimization of Staggered-Arranged Air-Cooled Battery Thermal Management Systems Using CFD and Evolutionary Algorithm.- Ch 7: Optimal Control of LNG-Fueled Hybrid Electric Ship.- Ch 8: Measuring the Efficiencies of Energy and Carbon Emissions for Metro Transportation Systems.- Ch 9: Impedance characterization and control switching of active distribution networks accounting for resistive components.- Ch 10: A Limited-data-based Power and Energy Demand Profile Modelling of an Electric Vehicle Fleet Charging Station.- Ch 11: High-Frequency Characteristics of Power Transformers: Analyzing the Impact on Harmonic Filtering Performance.- Ch 12: Modeling the Impact of Local Climate Projections on CO2 Emissions from Vegetation: Application on Five European Case Studies.- Ch 13: Exploring the Influence of Wind on Wildfire Behavior in China: A Data-Driven Study Using Machine Learning and Remote Sensing.- Ch 14: An AI-powered Simulation and Optimisation Framework for Energy Infrastructure Investment to Achieve Pareto Optimum Solutions.- Ch 15: Systematic Literature Review on Sustainable and Wildfire Risk Indicators in Biomass and Residual Biomass Supply Chain Optimization.- Ch 16: Energy System Optimisation for a Magnetite Iron Ore Processing Plant in Midwest Australia.

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Book SynopsisEnergy Systems and Applications.- Energy Efficiency and Management.- Energy Exergy and Environment.- Renewable and Waste Energy Systems and Power Technologies.- Green Technology and Applications.

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Book Synopsis1. Wave Energy Fundamentals and Calculation.- 2. Boundary Element Methods.- 3. Wave Energy Converter Principles and Geometry Design.- 4. Layout Design Characteristics and Cost Evaluation.- 5. Power Take-Off Control of WECs.

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Book SynopsisResponding to the Crises: Problems, Solutions, and Opportunities.- The Nordic 5.- Leaders in Emission Trading and Key Sectors.- Brazil, Canada, Germany, Malaysia and Other ASEAN Countries.- The Future: Agendas for More Actions.

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Book SynopsisLow-Power Wireless Sensor Design for LoRa-Based Distributed Energy Harvesting System.- Towards Energy Hubs: An Innovative Geographic Information System based Approach for Cluster Definition.- Standard Diesel Production from Mixed Waste Plastic through Thermal Pyrolysis and Vacuum Distillation.- Omnidirectional Broadband Dual-functional (Antireflection and Ultra super-hydrophilic) Nanocoating for Solar Applications.- Evaluation of the Environmental Sustainability of SOFC-based Cogeneration Systems in Commercial Buildings.- Building-integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) Systems: A Science Mapping Approach.-Effect of non-Gaussian Colored Noise on Ambient Energy Harvesting.-Univariate and Multivariate Short-Term Solar Power Forecasting of 25MWac Pasir Gudang Utility-Scale Photovoltaic System Using LSTM Approach.-  Analysis of the Variability of Low-Carbon Energy Sources, Nuclear Technology, and Renewable Energy Sources in Meeting Electricity Demand.

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Book SynopsisRenewable Energy.- A Comprehensive Review on Advanced Frequency Response Measurement Techniques for Detecting Transformer Winding damages.- Fault evaluation of Photovoltaic module using Deep Learning Strategies.- Analysis of the efficiency and quality of energy production of photovoltaic solar systems installed in different cities of Ecuador.- Economic Energy Assessment of the Hybrid Isolated Microgrid SPV/Wind/Batteries at the Guayaquil campus.- DC Link Voltage Improvement of Solar PV Based I Luo Converter using Novel Control Algorithm.- Infuence of Artificial Partial Shading of Photovoltaic Modules on Solar Rays Reflection and Loses of Generated Energy.- Modified Grey Wolf Optimizer for high precision parameter extraction in solar cell models.- Newton Raphson Based Optimizer for parameter extraction of PV cell A comparative analysis with advanced metaheuristics.- Automated control system of power transformers cooling located on RES.- AI Driven Framework for Optimized Renewable Integration and Real Time Energy Management in Smart Grids.- Distributed Generation System and the Role of UPQC in accomplishing Power Quality standards.- Green Computing.- Designing and Integrating an IoT Powered Intelligent Healthcare System for monitoring ECG and Temperature.- Automatic License Plate Recognition in Unconstrained Scenarios Using Improved Deep Learning Techniques.- Haze Removal of Images by Dark Channel Prior using Enhanced Transmission Map Refinement Techniques.- Combining Summarization Models Using Semantic Similarity.- Optimizing the Planning of DGs in a Radial Distribution System Using a Multi-Criterion Decision Making TOPSIS Approach.- A Comprehensive Review of Solar Power Transmission System Device Health Condition Monitoring in Real Time.- Gravitational Search Algorithm based Optimal Position of DG and Capacitor with Restructuring.- Recognition of Micro expression using Deep Learning Approaches A study of Datasets, features, methods and Challenges.- Development of Deep Learning Technique for Crop Pest Classification.- Leaf shaped Antenna for Broadband Applications.- Design of Microstrip Patch Antenna Array for Cubesat Applications.- VLSI Implementation of a Low Power Area Delay Efficient Approximate Multiplier for 2D FIR filter Architectures.- ECG Heart beat classification by hybrid of ELM and Decision Rule using Feature Selection.- Automated Smart Petrol Pump Based on IOT.- Attention Based Refinement and Criss Cross Mechanisms in GANs for Improved Deepfake Detection.- Transformer model used to predict stocks of the Stock Market.

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Book SynopsisGreen Computing.- Techno-Economic Feasibility and Optimal Sizing of CHP Units for Energy Conservation: Software Development Approach.- An Approach for Dual Stage-Frequency Control Using Running City Game Optimizer.- Implementation of Hand Sign Classifier Using Deep Neural Network (DNN).- Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems in Smart Manufacturing: Opportunities and Challenges.- Survey on Data Mining and Machine Learning Methods Used in Analyzing Tweets.- Sustainable Development.- Optimizing Powder Factor for Sustainable Mining Operations through Machine Learning Models: A Step Towards Intelligent Mining.- Enhancing Smart Farming with Machine Learning Technologies.- Performance and Analysis of Power Distribution in Low Voltage Consumer End and Reconfiguration of Distribution Lines.- Performance Improvement of Wideband Microstrip Patch Antenna at 49GHz for 5G Applications.- A Comprehensive Analysis of Short Circuit Current in Marine power System.- An Adaptive Controlled Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage for LVRT Improvement of DFIG.- Optimization of Parameters for Tadpole Structured Electric Vehicle.- Design And Performance Analysis of Fuel Cell Based Electric Vehicle with Ultra Boost Converter.- The Design of a New Single Phase Cascaded Quasi-Z-Source Inverter with High Boost and Better THD.- Insulation Thickness Optimization for Enhanced Electrothermal Performance in EV DC Charging Cables.- Switched capacitor boost inverter with POD PWM technique.- Securing Vehicle-to-Grid Communications: A Novel Idea towards Dual Approach of Quantum Cryptography and AI-Driven Monitoring.- Modelling and Simulation of Single-Phase UPQC and an Efficient Harmonic Mitigation System with an Optimal PID Controller.- Optimizing Apple Disease Detection in Precision Agriculture Using Advanced Ensemble Methods.- Analysis And Design of PFC with Sepic Converter: A PQ Theory-Based Current Generation Approach.- Linear Maximum Torque Per Ampere Control of IPMSM for EV Application.- Performance Analysis of Various DC Microgrid Architectures.- Comparative Analysis of Model Predictive control and Sliding Mode Control of Bidirectional CUK Converter for BESS.- Research mapping in smart cities: A scientometric study on IOT and AI applications.- Extreme Fast Charging using Solid State Transformer.- Design and Analysis of Regenerative Braking System for Electric Vehicles.- Voltage profile and power loss calculations of radial distribution feeder with possible locations of future electric vehicle charging stations.

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Book SynopsisPart 1: Fundamentals of commissioning management.- Introduction to offshore wind projects.- Organization and roles.- Part 2: Processes and tools.- Planning and preparation.- Safety and risk management.- Tools and technology.- Part 3: Practice in commissioning.- Commissioning of components.- Troubleshooting and fault resolution.- Energization.- Management of temporary power supply systems.- Part 4: Coordination, management, and handover.- Handover and takeover processes.- Communication and reporting.- Part 5: Economic aspects of commissioning management.- Economic risk assessment.- Budgeting and resource planning.- Contract and claim management.- Part 6: Industry-wide standards and the future.- Regulatory requirements and standards.- The future of commissioning management.- Black-start capable wind farms: The current state.- Conclusion on commissioning management.

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Book SynopsisThe recommendations summarise the state of the art. Their aim is the proper exploitation of the ground for geothermal purposes without adversely affecting the ground or the groundwater on the one hand and the operation of the system and nearby buildings on the other. The recommendations should be used during consulting, design, installation and operation in order to achieve optimum and sustainable use of the ground at a specific location. Authorities responsible for supervising and approving projects can use the recommendations as a guide when taking decisions and making stipulations. The Geothermal Energy Study Group was set up in Bochum in 2004 and became the joint DGGV/DGGT study group in 2007. Some 20 specialists from universities, authorities and engineering consultants are active in the group and meet two or three times a year.Table of ContentsPreface IX Acknowledgements XIII List of Figures XV List of Tables XXV Preamble XXVII Notation XXIX 1 Introduction 1 2 Principles 5 2.1 Geological, hydrogeological and geotechnical principles 5 2.2 Geothermal principles 12 2.3 Solar energy zone 29 2.4 Geosolar transition zone 31 2.5 Terrestrial zone 35 2.6 Anthropogenic thermal influence 36 2.7 Interaction between geothermal energy systems and the ground 37 2.7.1 Hydrochemical interactions 39 2.7.2 Interactions between geothermal systems and groundwater organisms 39 3 Geothermal energy installations 41 3.1 Closed systems 42 3.1.1 Borehole heat exchangers (downhole heat exchangers) 42 3.1.2 Heat pipes 50 3.1.3 Horizontal collectors 51 3.1.4 Thermal piles and concrete components in contact with the soil 55 3.2 Open systems (direct use of groundwater) 59 3.2.1 Well systems 61 3.2.2 Geothermal energy in conjunction with mines and underground workings 65 3.3 Geothermal energy storage concepts 70 3.3.1 Aquifer thermal energy storage 70 3.3.2 Borehole thermal energy storage 71 3.3.3 Cavern thermal energy storage (CTES) 72 4 Legislative principles 73 4.1 Water legislation 73 4.1.1 European regulations 73 4.1.2 National law 74 4.2 Mining legislation 74 4.3 Natural mineral deposits legislation 75 4.4 Nature and landscape conservation 75 4.4.1 The european ‘natura 2000’ ecological network 75 4.4.2 Nature and landscape conservation 76 4.5 Environmental impact assessment 77 4.6 Non-statutory regulations 77 5 Planning principles 78 5.1 Project workflow 79 5.1.1 Establishing the basis of the project 79 5.1.2 Preliminary design 80 5.1.3 Final design 80 5.1.4 Building permission application 81 5.1.5 Detailed design 81 5.1.6 Preparing for contract award and assisting in award process 82 5.1.7 Supervising and setting up the operation 82 5.2 Surveying requirements for BHE installations 83 5.2.1 Geothermal category 1 83 5.2.2 Exploratory measures for category 1 84 5.2.3 Geothermal category 2 84 5.2.4 Additional exploratory measures for category 2 84 5.2.5 Geothermal category 3 84 5.2.6 Additional exploratory measures for category 3 84 5.3 Models for simulating heat transfer 85 6 Boreholes and completion 91 6.1 Drilling methods 91 6.2 Equipment in boreholes 94 6.3 Boreholes: deviation from the vertical 97 6.4 Geological and hydrogeological influences 104 6.5 Response test methods 109 6.5.1 GRT concepts and measuring principle 110 6.5.2 Evaluation. 111 6.5.3 Thermal resistance of borehole 115 6.5.4 Quality control with the help of the GRT 117 6.5.5 Evaluation of unsteady GRT data 118 6.5.6 Cylinder source method 119 6.5.7 Enhanced geothermal response test 136 7 Design, construction and operation of closed systems 143 7.1 sBHE systems 143 7.1.1 Detailed design 143 7.1.2 Backfilling the annular space 155 7.1.3 Requirements profile for backfill material 158 7.1.4 BHEs that are not fully sealed 177 7.1.5 Pressure and flow tests for BHEs 179 7.1.6 Thermal transfer fluids 190 7.1.7 Horizontal connecting pipes and connection to building services 194 7.1.8 Commissioning, operation and maintenance 196 7.1.9 Documentation 199 7.1.10 Abandoning and decommissioning 200 7.2 Horizontal collectors 201 7.2.1 Planning and designing collector systems 201 7.2.2 Installation of horizontal collectors 205 7.2.3 Installation of geothermal energy baskets 205 7.2.4 Laying the pipes 206 7.2.5 Filling and bleeding 206 7.2.6 Thermal transfer fluids 207 7.2.7 Pressure tests 207 7.2.8 Commissioning 207 7.2.9 Documentation 207 7.2.10 Operation of horizontal collector 209 7.2.11 Effects of operating horizontal collectors 209 7.2.12 Abandoning and decommissioning 210 8 Design, construction and operation of open systems 211 8.1 Well systems 211 8.1.1 Detailed design 218 8.1.2 Site supervision, quality assurance, documentation 220 8.1.3 Pumping and well tests 220 8.1.4 Commissioning, operation and maintenance 220 8.1.5 Hydrochemical and microbiological influences 225 8.1.6 Documentation 230 8.1.7 Abandoning and decommissioning 230 8.1.8 Practical example of a well system 230 8.2 Aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) 235 9 Risk potential 236 9.1 The 5-M method 236 9.1.1 Man 236 9.1.2 Method 237 9.1.3 Materials 238 9.1.4 Machines 239 9.1.5 Medium 239 9.1.6 Summary 240 9.2 Geological risks 241 9.2.1 Rocks with swelling or subsidence potential 241 9.2.2 Soluble rocks 241 9.2.3 Overconsolidated rocks and rocks susceptible to pore water pressure 242 9.2.4 Tectonics 242 9.2.5 Mass movements 243 9.2.6 Collapses, subsidence and mining subsidence 243 9.2.7 Gas escape 243 9.3 Hydrogeological risks 244 9.3.1 Confined and artesian groundwater 244 9.3.2 Multi-layer groundwater systems 245 9.3.3 Hydrochemical gradients 245 9.3.4 Venting 246 9.3.5 Water quality 246 9.4 Environmental risks 247 9.4.1 Legacy pollution and deposits 247 9.4.2 Mining, mining damage 248 9.5 Risks during BHE installation 248 9.6 Operational risks 249 Literature 253 Glossary 264

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Book SynopsisFinally filling a gap in the literature for a text that also adopts the chemist's view of this hot topic, Professor Likhtenshtein, an experienced author and internationally renowned scientist, considers different physical and engineering aspects in solar energy conversion. From theory to real-life systems, he shows exactly which chemical reactions take place when converting light energy, providing an overview of the chemical perspective from fundamentals to molecular harvesting systems and solar cells. This essential guide will thus help researchers in academia and industry better understand solar energy conversion, and so ultimately help this promising, multibillion dollar fi eld to expand. From the contents: * Electron Transfer Theories * Principle Stages of Photosynthetic Light Energy Conversion * Photochemical Systems of Light Energy Conversion * Redox Processes on Surface of Semiconductors and Metals * Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells * Photocatalytic Reduction and Oxidation of WaterTrade Review“This essential guide will thus help researchers in academia and industry better understand solar energy conversion, and so ultimately help this promising, multibillion euro/dollar field to expand.” (ETDE Energy Database, 2012) Table of ContentsPREFACE ELECTRON TRANSFER THEORIES Introduction Theoretical Models Concerted and Multielectron Processes PRINCIPAL STAGES OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC LIGHT ENERGY CONVERSION Introduction Light-Harvesting Antennas Reaction Center of Photosynthetic Bacteria Reaction Centers of Photosystems I and II Water Oxidation System PHOTOCHEMICAL SYSTEMS OF THE LIGHT ENERGY CONVERSION Introduction Charge Separation in Donor?Acceptor Pairs Electron Flow through Proteins REDOX PROCESSES ON SURFACE OF SEMICONDUCTORS AND METALS Redox Processes on Semiconductors Redox Processes on Metal Surfaces Electron Transfer in Miscellaneous Systems DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS I General Information on Solar Cells Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells DSSC Components DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS II Optical Fiber DSSC Tandem DSSC Quantum Dot Solar Cells Polymers in Solar Cells Fabrication of Solar Cell Components Fullerene-Based Solar Cells PHOTOCATALYTIC REDUCTION AND OXIDATION OF WATER Introduction Photocatalytic Dihydrogen Production Water Splitting into O2 and H2

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Book Synopsis"Increasing bio-fuel production in the future will have a major impact on the feed industry. Not only will the competition for food, fuel and feed decrease the availability of feedstuffs for animal production but, also new feedstuffs will become available for which the nutritional quality needs to be reviewed. The nutritional value and usability of the by-products as feedstuffs will be the main focus of the book. In particular, rapeseed meal and glycerine from biodiesel production and DDGS from bioethanol production are discussed. For each product comprehensive research data summarising the variation in quality and production systems, the energy and protein value for each animal category and the effects on animal production are presented. Additionally, this book gives an overview of the current and future developments of the emerging bioenergy production. Broad topics which are addressed are: the global potential for bioenergy production, the enormous increase in bioethanol production in the U.S. against the backdrop of a developing bioethanol production in the EU and the future effects on supply and demand of the grain and feedstuff market. This book will update nutritionists, researchers, traders and those working in the allied industry on the current 'state of knowledge' of the usability of the different by products from biofuel production in specific animal feeds."

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Book Synopsis"Climate change is a challenge facing human life. It will change mobility and asks for new energy solutions. Bioenergy has gained increased attention as an alternative to fossil fuels. Energy based on renewable sources may offer part of the solution. Bio ethanol based on sugar cane offers advantages to people, the environment and the economy. Not surprisingly, governments currently enact powerful incentives for the development and exploitation of bio ethanol. However, every inch we come closer to this achievement, evokes more scepticism. Many questions are raised relating to whether sugar cane is really a sustainable solution. Still much is unknown about the net release of carbon dioxide and what the impacts of sugar cane expansion are on green house gas emissions. This book looks at the scientific base of the debate on sugar cane bio ethanol. Authors from Europe, Brazil and the USA capture many aspects of what is known and address assumptions while not denying that still much is unknown. It covers impacts on climate change, land use, sustainability and market demands. This publication discusses public policy impacts, technology developments, the fuel-food dilemma and the millennium development goals. This makes this publication unique and extremely relevant for policymakers, scientists and the private energy sector worldwide."

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Book SynopsisThis book provides an introduction to the working principles of reverse electrodialysis and its practical application in the generation of electricity. Salinity gradient energy (SGE) has received significant attention recently due to the energy crisis resulting from the depletion of fossil fuels and the growth in energy demand. There are currently three methods to convert SGE into electricity: pressure retarded osmosis (PRO), reverse electrodialysis (RED), and capacitive mixing (CAPMIX). This book covers the theory and implementation of reverse electrodialysis, which uses ion exchange membranes to selectively deliver cations or anions, and its advantages over other methods, such as high reliability without any moving parts, the direct energy conversion process from chemical energy to electrical energy, and its low fouling rate. All of these have made RED an attractive option, however, there are various challenges in the route to commercialization and these are also described. The book summarizes the research progress and current status of RED, with a final chapter considering the outlook for the future of the technology at a commercial level. Table of ContentsFigure captions Table captions Abstract 1. Introduction 2. Parametric study on RED with sodium chloride solution 3. Effect of flow structure on RED performance 4. REDapplied for desalination 5. Parametric study of RED using ammonium bicarbonate solution to recover low-grade waste heat 6. Nanofluidic RED 7. Conclusion and future prospects References

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Book SynopsisIntroduction.- Offshore Wind Resource Characteristics and Measurement Evaluation.- Offshore Wind Farm Design.- Offshore wind farm construction.- Offshore Wind Power Forecasting.- Smart operation control technologies for offshore wind farms.- Fault Diagnosis and Health Management of Offshore Wind Turbines.- Offshore wind power and comprehensive utilization of offshore areas.

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Book Synopsis1 An Introduction to 2D Metal Halide Perovskites.- 2 Optical and Electronic Properties.- 3 Lattice Properties.- 4 Applications I: Photovoltaics and Optical Detectors.- 5 Applications II: Light-Emitting Diodes.- 6 Applications III: Spintronics.- 7 Applications IV: The More Distant Future.

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