Alternative and renewable energy sources Books

Book SynopsisThe internal heat of the planet Earth represents an inexhaustible reservoir of thermal energy. This form of energy, known as geothermal energy has been utilized throughout human history in the form of hot water from hot springs. Modern utilization of geothermal energy includes direct use of the heat and its conversion to other forms of energy, mainly electricity. Geothermal energy is a form of renewable energy and its use is associated with very little or no CO2-emissions and its importance as an energy source has greatly increased as the effects of climate change become more prominent. Because of its inexhaustibility it is obvious that utilization of geothermal energy will become a cornerstone of future energy supplies. The exploration of geothermal resources has become an important topic of study as geology and earth science students prepare to meet the demands of a rapidly growing industry, which involves an increasing number professionals and public institutions participating in geothermal energy related projects. This book meets the demands of both groups of readers, students and professionals. Geothermal Energy and its utilization is systematically presented and contains the necessary technical information needed for developing and understanding geothermal energy projects. It presents basic knowledge on the Earth’s thermal regime and its geothermal energy resources, the types of geothermal energy used as well as its future potential and the perspectives of the industry. Specific chapters of the book deal with borehole heat exchangers and with the direct use of groundwater and thermal water in hydrogeothermal systems. A central topic are Enhanced Geothermal Systems (hot-dry-rock systems), a key technology for energy supply in the near future. Pre-drilling site investigations, drilling technology, well logging and hydraulic test programs are important subjects related to the exploration phase of developing Geothermal Energy sites. The chemical composition of the natural waters used as a heat transport medium in geothermal systems can be used as an exploration tool, but chemistry is also important during operation of a geothermal power plant because of potential scale formation and corrosion of pipes and installations, which needs to be prevented. Graduate students and professionals will find in depth information on Geothermal Energy, its exploration and utilization.Trade ReviewBook: Petrogenesis of metamorphic rocks (Bucher & Frey) Springer-Verlag 2002 Customer reviews on Amazon.com one of the best textbooks available, 10. April 2000 Von Katharina Dubach Petrogenesis of metamorphic rocks is probable the best textbook available for students of metamorphic petrology. In a short, concise form it introduces the reader to the principles of metamorphic petrology as well as to the evolution of different rock types under changing metamorphic conditions. Excellent source for anyone studying metamorphic rocks., 2. Juni 1999 Von Ein Kunde This book is divided into two sections. The first section deals with the basic princiles of metamorphism, including composition of source rocks, types, processes and condidtions of metamorphism. A very detailed description on the construction of metamorphic projections is also included. Part two covers the metamorphism of different rock compositions including ultramafic, mafic, carbonate, pelitic, and granitoid rocks. This section is very detailed, without bogging down with specific examples of metamorphism.Table of Contents1. Thermal Structure of the Earth.-1.1 Renewable Energies, Global Aspects.- 1.2 Internal Structure of the Earth.- 1.3 Energy budget of the planet.- 1.4 Heat transport and thermal parameters.- 1.5 Brief outline of methods for measuring thermal parameters.- 2. History of Geothermal Energy Use.- 2.1 Early utilization of geothermal energy.- 2.2 History of Utilization of Geothermal Energy in the last 150 Years .- 3. Geothermal Energy Resources.- 3.1 Energy.- 3.2 Significance of "renewable" energies.- 3.3 Status of geothermal energy utilization.- 3.4 Geothermal energy sources.- 4. Application of Geothermal Energy.- 4.1 Near surface Geothermal Systems.- 4.2 Deep Geothermal Systems.- 4.3 Efficiency of geothermal systems.- 4.4 Major geothermal fields, high enthalpy fields.- 5. Potentials and Perspectives of Geothermal Utilization.- 6. Geothermal Probes.- 6.1 Planning Principles .- 6.2 Construction of ground source heat exchangers.- 6.3 Dimensioning and design of geothermal probes.- 6.4 Drilling methods for borehole heat exchanger.- 6.5 Backfill and grouting of geothermal probes.- 6.6 Construction of deep geothermal probes.- 6.7 Operating geothermal probes: Potential risks, malfunctions and damages.- 6.8 Special systems and further developments.- 7. Geothermal Well Systems.- 7.1 Building geothermal well systems.- 7.2 Chemical aspects of two-well systems.- 7.3 Thermal range of influence, numerical models.- 8. Hydrothermal Systems, Geothermal Doublets.- 8.1 Geology and tectonic structure of the underground.- 8.2 Thermal and hydraulic properties of the target aquifer.- 8.3 Hydraulic and thermal range of hydrothermal doublets.- 8.4 Hydrochemistry of hot waters from great depth.- 8.5 Reservoir-improving measures, Efficiency-boosting measures, Stimulation.- 8.6 Productivity risk, Exploration risk, Economic efficiency.- 8.7 Some site examples of hydrothermal systems.- 8.8 Project planning of hydrothermal power systems.- 9. Enhanced-Geothermal-Systems (EGS), Hot-Dry-Rock Systems (HDR), Deep-Heat-Mining (DHM).- 9.1 Techniques, procedures, strategies, aims.- 9.2 Historical development of the hydraulic fracturing technology, early HDR sites.- 9.3 Stimulation procedures.- 9.4 Experience and dealing with micro-seismicity.- 9.5 Recommendations, Notes.- 10.Environmental Issues Related to Deep Geothermal Systems.- 10.1 Seismicity related to EGS projects.- 10.2 Interaction between geothermal system operation and the subsurface.- 10.3 Environmental issues related to surface installations and operation.- 11. Drilling techniques for deep wellbores.- 13. Geophysical methods, exploration and analysis.- 12.1 Geophysical pre-drilling exploration, seismic investigations.- 12.2 Geophysical well logging and data interpretation.- 13.Testing the hydraulic properties of the drilled formations.- 13.1 Principles of hydraulic testing.- 13.2 Types of tests, planning and implementation, evaluation procedures.- 13.3 Tracer Experiments.- 13.4 Temperature evaluation methods.- 14. The chemical composition of deep geothermal waters and its consequences for planning and operating a geothermal power plant.- 14.1 Sampling and laboratory analyses.- 14.2 Deep geothermal waters, data and interpretation.- 14.3 Mineral scales and materials corrosion.- 15. References

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Book SynopsisThe handbook focuses on a complete outline of lithium-ion batteries. Just before starting with an exposition of the fundamentals of this system, the book gives a short explanation of the newest cell generation. The most important elements are described as negative / positive electrode materials, electrolytes, seals and separators. The battery disconnect unit and the battery management system are important parts of modern lithium-ion batteries. An economical, faultless and efficient battery production is a must today and is represented with one chapter in the handbook. Cross-cutting issues like electrical, chemical, functional safety are further topics. Last but not least standards and transportation themes are the final chapters of the handbook. The different topics of the handbook provide a good knowledge base not only for those working daily on electrochemical energy storage, but also to scientists, engineers and students concerned in modern battery systems.Table of ContentsPart I Outline of energy storage systems.- Part II Lithium-Ion Batteries and their elements.- Part III Production of modern batteries.- Part IV Cross-cutting issues.- Part V Applications of Lithium-Ion Batteries and their demands.

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Book SynopsisThe book presents a comprehensive and systematic account of the concept, the current status and the costs of the German energy transition: the Energiewende. Written by an insider who has been working in the German energy industry for over 20 years, it follows a strictly non-political, neutral approach and clearly outlines the most relevant facts and figures. In particular, it describes the main impacts of the Energiewende on the German power system and Germany’s national economy. Furthermore, it addresses questions that are of global interest with respect to energy transitions, such as the cost to the national economy, the financial burden on private households and companies and the actual effects on CO2 emissions. The book also discusses what could have been done better in terms of planning and implementing the Energiewende, and identifies important lessons for other countries that are considering a similar energy transition.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Part I: The German Energy Transition - What is Driving It?.- Part II: The German Energy Transition - Where Does Germany Stand Today?.- Part III: The German Energy Transition - What Does It Really Cost?.- Part IV: The German Energy Transition - Lessons to be Learned.

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Book SynopsisNowadays, Smart Grid has become an established synonym for modern electric power systems. Electric networks are fed less and less by large, centrally planned fossil and nuclear power plants but more and more by millions of smaller, renewable and mostly weather-dependent generation units. A secure energy supply in such a sustainable and ecological system requires a completely different approach for planning, equipping and operating the electric power systems of the future, especially by using flexibility provisions of the network users according to the Smart Grid concept. The book brings together common themes beginning with Smart Grids and the characteristics of power plants based on renewable energy with highly efficient generation principles and storage capabilities. It covers the advanced technologies applied today in the transmission and distribution networks and innovative solutions for maintaining today’s high power quality under the challenging conditions of large-scale shares of volatile renewable energy sources in the annual energy balance. Besides considering the new primary and secondary technology solutions and control facilities for the transmission and distribution networks, prospective market conditions allowing network operators and the network users to gain benefits are also discussed. The growing role of information and communication technologies is investigated. The importance of new standards is underlined and the current international efforts in developing a consistent set of standards are updated in the second edition and described in detail. The updated presentation of international experiences to apply novel Smart Grid solutions to the practice of network operation concludes this book.Table of ContentsVision and Strategy for the Electricity Networks of the Future.- Smart Generation – Resources and Potentials.- Modern UHV/ EHV /HV Technologies and the Smart Grid Challenges in Transmission.- Design of Distribution Networks and the impact of new Network Users.- Smart Operation and Observability at the Transmission Level.- The 3 Pillars of Smart Distribution.- Design of the Smart Energy Market.- Advanced Information & Communication Technologies: the Backbone of Smart Grids.- Smart Grids Worldwide.- Bibliography.

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Book SynopsisDieses Standardwerk stellt die physikalisch-technischen Grundlagen und die aktuelle Systemtechnik für Anlagen und Systeme zur Nutzung regenerativer Energien zur Strom- und Wärmebereitstellung dar. Außerdem gibt es einen umfassenden Überblick über die Charakteristik des erneuerbaren Energieangebots. Ausgehend davon werden Kennzahlen für eine ökonomische und ökologische Bewertung zugänglich gemacht; außerdem werden die Potenziale der verschiedenen Optionen zur Nutzung regenerativer Energien und deren derzeitige Nutzung diskutiert. Im Einzelnen werden die folgenden Möglichkeiten zur Nutzung des regenerativen Energieangebots vertieft dargestellt:- passive Solarenergienutzung, - solarthermische Wärmebereitstellung,- photovoltaische Stromerzeugung, - Bereitstellung elektrischer Energie aus Lauf- und Speicherwasserkraft,- Stromerzeugung aus einer Onshore- und Offshore-Windkraftnutzung, - Wärmebereitstellung mithilfe von Wärmepumpen aus Umgebungswärme (d. h. Umgebungsluft und oberflächennaher Erdwärme), - Strom- und Wärmebereitstellung aus der Energie des tiefen Untergrunds.Zusätzlich werden die Möglichkeiten einer Nutzung der Meeresenergien und der solarthermischen Stromerzeugung dargestellt. Außerdem wird auf die Speicherung elektrischer und thermischer Energie sowie auf Strom- und Wärmenetze eingegangen. Nicht diskutiert wird dagegen die Energiegewinnung aus Biomasse.Neben seiner Eignung für die universitäre und außeruniversitäre Lehre bietet das Buch Entscheidungsträgern in Energiewirtschaft, Politik, Verwaltung und Administration sowie Wissenschaftlern und Beratern eine fundierte, verlässliche und hochaktuelle Wissensbasis.Table of ContentsGrundlagen des regenerativen Energieangebotes.- Passive Sonnenenergienutzung.- Solarthermische Wärmenutzung.- Photovoltaische Stromerzeugung.- Stromerzeugung aus Windenergie.- Stromerzeugung aus Wasserkraft.- Nutzung von Umgebungsluft und oberflächennaher Erdwärme.- Nutzung tiefer Geothermie.-Zusammenfassender Vergleich.- Anhang A: Solarthermische Stromerzeugung.- Anhang B: Nutzung der Energien des Meeres.- Anhang C: Energetische Nutzung von Biomasse.- Anhang D: Speicher.- Anhang E: Stromnetze.- Anhang F: Wärmenetze.

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Book SynopsisThis unique book offers an introduction to the development of renewable energy in Australia in the early 2000s. Examining the rise of dispersed, embedded solar energy systems in Western Australia, it looks specifically at the Solex project in Carnarvon, WA, which pioneered the harvest of solar energy from what was once considered the pursuit of the lunatic fringes of society to a viable energy source for mainstream society and industry. In this fascinating case study Fullarton shows how a practical demonstration of innovative existing technology can have an incredible impact on a national scale. The ideas behind the Solex project slowly became adopted by the broader community and were eventually taken up enthusiastically by the general population of Australia. Analysing government and utility policies throughout the 2000s, the book traces how ambivalence was followed by whole-hearted incentives to the roll-out of alternative energy and subsequent active opposition to alternative energy in favour of traditional fossil fuel as government philosophies changed.Trade Review"I do not know of any other critique of [Australias Renewable Energy Target] scheme as in-depth as this. Not only is it comprehensive and incisive but, in Fullartons usual inimitable way, what he has produced is entertaining reading to boot!" -- David Harries, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Western Australia"Pioneer is a title earnt, while visionary is a title often claimed, but in reality can only be ascribed by others. Lex Fullarton's efforts in a remote part of Australia reveal him as pioneer of the renewable energy sector Down Under, while his visionary efforts to deliver a solar project in Australia's Outback flew in the face of the conventional wisdom espoused in the Australian Government's 2003 Renewable Energy Target that mostly ruled out the value of solar, and pushed instead in favor of biomass and wind. Fully' was right - the future is clean, and making the most of solar in all ways that we can is the key." -- Ray Wills, School of Earth and Environment, University of Western Australia

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Book SynopsisThis book focuses on the fundamental principles and latest research findings in hydrogen energy fields including: hydrogen production, hydrogen storage, fuel cells, hydrogen safety, economics, and the impact on society. Further, the book introduces the latest development trends in practical applications, especially in commercial household fuel cells and commercial fuel cell vehicles in Japan. This book not only helps readers to further their basic knowledge, but also presents the state of the art of hydrogen-energy-related research and development. This work serves as an excellent reference for beginners such as graduate students, as well as a handbook and systematic summary of entire hydrogen-energy systems for scientists and engineers.Table of ContentsWhy Hydrogen? Why Fuel Cells?.- Current Status: General.- Current Status: Global.- Development Histories: Hydrogen Technologies.- Development Histories: Fuel Cell Technologies.- Future Technological Directions.- Introduction.- Reforming.- Alkaline Water Electrolysis.- Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Water Electrolysis.- Steam Electrolysis.- Photocatalytic Water Splitting.- Fundamentals.- Solid Hydrogen Storage Materials: Interstitial Hydrides.- Solid Hydrogen Storage Materials: Non-Interstitial Hydrides.- Solid Hydrogen Storage Materials: High Surface Area Adsorbents.- Liquid Hydrogen Carriers.- Compressed Hydrogen: Thermophysical Properties.- Compressed Hydrogen: High Pressure Hydrogen Tanks.- Hydrogen Storage: Conclusions and Future Perspectives.- Fundamentals.- Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (PEFCs).- Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs).- Alkaline Electrolyte Fuel Cell (AFCs).- Hydrogen Combustion Systems.- Hydrogen Safety Fundamentals.- Hydrogen Gas Safety Management.- Hydrogen Safety in Practice.- Hydrogen and the Tensile Properties of Metals.- Hydrogen and the Fatigue Properties of Metals.- Hydrogen and the Fretting Fatigue Properties of Metals.- Structural Design and Testing.- Future Perspectives.- Development of the MIRAI Fuel Cell Vehicle.- Residential Applications: ENE-FARM.- Distributed Power Generation.- Triple Combined Cycle Power Generation.- Fuel Cells with Biofuels.- Portable Applications.- Hydrogen Infrastructure.- Business Model Evaluation of Hydrogen Energy.- Public Acceptance.- Numerical Analysis of the Optimal Distribution of Hydrogen Filling Stations.- Hydrogen Energy Education.

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Book SynopsisThis book has been written to raise awareness about the importance of incorporating renewable energy sources in various sectors for sustainable development. The objective of this book is to analyze the diverse perspectives on renewable energy for sustainable development and their implications. The authors have made the concepts and theories related to renewable energy technologies and sustainable development more accessible and understandable. Sustainable development is characterized by a focus on environmental issues and their connection to renewable energy sources. In todays context, it is crucial to adopt a systematic approach to organize the subject matter and promote the development of knowledge. The built environment plays a significant role in society and needs to be developed holistically. The integration of renewable energy sources is a critical factor in determining the long-term sustainability of a community. This book emphasizes various aspects of energy planning, such as energy assessment, energy integration, energy forecasting, energy modeling, computer modeling, and techno-economic analysis of conventional and non-conventional renewable energy sources. The information presented in this book aims to provide an understanding of integrated energy planning, including its design, development, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation through feedback. This book will be beneficial for individuals involved in energy planning and related activities.

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Book SynopsisThis book covers PV system components, applications, design, costing, maintenance, and solar PV programs in India and worldwide. It also includes a glossary, lists of manufacturers and implementation agencies, and important websites on Renewable Energy.

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Book SynopsisA multidisciplinary project focusing on supply chain innovation in the offshore wind energy sector has been carried out from 2014 to 2019. Based on in-depth industry involvement, the overall objective of the project is to provide new knowledge on means for Reducing the Cost of Energy (ReCoE) obtained from offshore wind parks through industrialisation of the sector. The project has been managed by the University of Southern Denmark and, beyond own researchers from the Faculty of Business and Social Sciences and the Faculty of Engineering, has also included researchers from the United States, the United Kingdom, and France. The whole project has applied a management approach to ReCoE. This book contains 16 selected articles disseminating practical relevant knowledge about supply chain management practice, maturity, innovation-fostering practice, supply network strategies, operations and maintenance, and emerging issues. The articles are encapsulated by an introduction to ReCoE and perspectives on future developments of research within this area.

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Book SynopsisThe threats to the electricity grid are on the rise at the same time as society is increasing its dependence on electricity for every aspect of our personal, social, and economic lives. We are accelerating that dependence – looking to the electrification of transportation and buildings as a way to stem the threats of climate change. Those threats have now arrived (in the form of more extreme weather, droughts, and wildfire) and they are joined by increasing threats from an aging grid and cyberattacks. The grid we rely on is experiencing increasingly vulnerable external forces.We aren’t helpless. Effective planning around these threats can dramatically reduce the havoc they engender on the electric grid. At every level, from a single building, to a city, to the electric grid and the federal government, steps can be taken to improve our resilience to threats to the electricity system. When those efforts are coordinated, their benefits multiply. This book aims to provide every level of decision-maker with tools and best practices for reducing the risk of and from electricity loss. It is written in non-technical language, with a focus on actionable, easily implemented steps.Table of ContentsIntroduction Part 1: Energy Resilience Principles 1. The Energy Resilience Imperative 2. Energy Resilience Concepts Part 2: Energy Resilience Strategies and Tactics 3. The Energy Resilience Planning Process 4. Resilience Metrics and Maturity Model Part 3: Energy Resilience at Every Level 5. Energy Resilience at the Grid Level 6. Energy Resilience at the Local Level 7. Government Resilience: Policy and Programs

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Book SynopsisObservations cover the continents Africa and Europe, the Middle East and wide regions of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Results for the time period (1985-1986) are presented as coloured images and in the form of tables. To ensure the accuracy of these retrieved solar radiation fields at ground level, a comparison with all available ground based pyranometer measurements was made.

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Book SynopsisFusion energy has potential to contribute to meeting global demand for sustainable energy Increasingly, progressive fusion enterprises are seeking new pathways for the commercialization of the technology, bringing fresh ideas and different perspectives. This publication is a summary of an IAEA Workshop on this topic, outlining the main elements for the development of alternative commercialization pathways for fusion energy systems in the coming decades, bringing together expert opinions from the diverse range of disciplines that are essential to fusion's commercial success. It highlights several critical aspects to consider for new pathways and provides an outline of a roadmap for their development.

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Book SynopsisIn a concise and crisp manner, this book presents the state of the art in ecological economics, an interdisciplinary field focused on the analysis of sustainability of global, national and regional economic systems. An elegant guide, the book offers a range of cutting edge methods used in sustainability research including multicriteria decision aid (MCDA), input-output analysis, and life cycle analysis. This book is packed with references for students with some background in economics, environmental science or mathematics who aim to develop the analytical skills required for redirecting our development path towards sustainability in government, international organisations, academia, non-profit sector and business. As such, the book is primarily aimed at MSc and first year PhD students reading for degrees in Environmental Change and Management, Ecological Economics, Environmental Management, Philosophy, Politics and Economics, and those taking part in similar programmes. The book strives to develop the idea that a significant adjustment of the current economic theories is required, an idea supported by the emerged world economic crisis, the climatic and biodiversity crisis the world is currently facing and the enormously slow progress that has been made in the field of reorientation of the global economy towards sustainability. The practical case studies provided focus on the most pressing topics of today, and the book adopts a positive approach for problem solving and strategic development, which is aimed at educating the future decision makers and business leaders.Table of ContentsPart I: Theory of Ecological Economics Introduction 1. The Economic System and the Environment2. Industrial Ecology: Material and Energy Flows, Life Cycle Analysis3. The Big Picture Vision and the Environment: An International Perspective4. Economic Valuation and Decision Making: MCDA as a tool for the Future5. Macroeconomy: Market Failures and Externalities: What Can Be Done6. Economic Models and the Environment: Input-Output Analysis7. Sustainable Development: Measuring Progress Part II: Ecological-Economic Applications 8. Climate Change and Renewable Energy: How to Choose the Optimal Pool of Technologies9. Biodiversity Loss: New Methods for Evaluating Ecosystems10. Sustainable Cities: Interdisciplinary Perspective11. Regional Waste Management: Multicriteria Modelling 12. Business and Sustainable Development: CSR in Practice Index

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Book SynopsisThis book presents and summarizes the new thoughts, new methods and new achievements that have emerged in the biotechnology of lignocellulose in recent years. It proposes new concepts including the primary refining, fractionation, multi-level utilization and selective structural separation of lignocellulose, etc. By approaching lignocellulose as a multi-level resource, biotechnology could have a significant effect on ecological agriculture, bio-energy, the chemical and paper making industries, etc., ultimately establishing distinctive eco-industrial parks for lignocellulose. Additionally, this book provides systematic research methods for the biotechnology of lignocellulose including investigation methods for the primary refining of lignocellulose, for microbial degradation and enzymatic hydrolysis, for cellulose fermentation and for lignocellulose conversion processes. It offers an excellent reference work and guide for scientists engaging in research on lignocellulose. Dr. Hongzhang Chen is a Professor at the Institute of Process Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.Table of ContentsBrief Introduction to the Biotechnology of Lignocellulose.- Chemical Composition and Structure of Natural Lignocellulose.- Biological Fundamentals for Biotechnology of Lignocellulose.- Pretreatment and Primary Refining of Lignocelluloses.- Applications of Lingocellulose Biotechnology in Ecological Agriculture.- Applications of Lingocellulose Biotechnology in Bioenergy.- Applications of Lingocellulose Biotechnology in Chemical Industry.- Applications of Lingocellulose Biotechnology in Chemical Industry.- Applications of Lingocellulose Biotechnology in Other Industries.- Ecological Industry Model for Biotechnology of Lignocellulose.- Research Methods for the Biotechnology of Lignocellulose.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a concise introduction to China’s electricity sector, suitable for university students and business analysts. It is business focused, combining an introduction from an established regional electricity consultancy with five academic chapters covering governance, market stakeholders and reform, wind and solar power, environmental regulation, and developments in financing. It is written in an accessible but rigorous style for people with limited knowledge of the topic, with minimal jargon but full referencing throughout the academic chapters. Each academic chapter starts with a summary and three key points to guide the reader’s understanding.Table of ContentsPart I1. China's Power SectorPart II2. Governance of the Electricity Sector3. Mapping China's Power Sector Under Market Reform4. Wind and Solar Power in China5. Environmental Regulation.- 6. Financing China's Electricity SectorPart III7. The Last Word: Chinese Exceptionalism

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a general framework for modelling power system devices to develop complete electromechanical models for synchronous machines, induction machines, and power electronic devices. It also presents linear system analysis tools that are specific to power systems and which are not generally taught in undergraduate linear system courses. Lastly, the book covers the application of the models, analysis and tools to the design of automatic voltage controllers and power system stabilisers, both for single-machine-infinite-bus systems and multi-machine interconnected systems.In most textbooks modelling, dynamic analysis, and control are closely linked to the computation methods used for analysis and design. In contrast, this book separates the essential principles and the computational methods used for power system dynamics and control. The clear distinction between principles and methods makes the potentially daunting task of designing controllers for power systems much easier to approach.A rich set of exercises is also included, and represents an integral part of the book. Students can immediately apply—using any computational tool or software—the essential principles discussed here to practical problems, helping them master the essentials.Table of Contents1 Introduction The dq0 Transformation Device Models Network Modelling 2 Synchronous Machines The Model Equations in Per Unit System Steady-state Conditions Single Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB) Exercises Direct-axis Transient Inductance Quadrature-axis Transient Inductance Steady-state Output Power Voltage behind Transient Inductance Equivalence of two models Power Transfer Curves Simulation I Steady-state Simulation II Simulation III Three-phase Short-circuit Simulation Equal-Area Criterion Step Change in field voltage V-curves Phasor to dq-Frame - Part I Phasor to dq-Frame - Part II Transmission line inductance Terminal Voltage Operational Impedance Operational Impedance & Sub-transient Model 3 Induction Machines The Model Steady-state conditions Exercise Steady-State Equivalent Circuit Steady-State Output Power Steady-State Torque vs Speed Doubly-fed Induction Machine - Steady-state Voltage Behind Transient Inductance Simulation Doubly-fed Induction Machine Vector Control Dynamic Equations with delta Phasor to dq-Frame - Part I Phasor to dq-Frame - Part II 4 Network Equations Power Systems Machines as Active Loads Submatrices in the Model Equations Forming Z-matrices Forming D-matrices Network Equations Referred to Machine Internal Variables 5 Simulations SMIB Simulation Plots Induction Machine Simulation Four-bus System Matlab Scripts Saturation 6 Linear Control: Analysis Introduction Linear Differential Equations First Order Differential Equations Second Order Differential Equations Simultaneous First Order Differential Equations Second Order System Response Modal Analysis Eigenvalue Sensitivity Participation Matrix Frequency Response Root-Locus Residues Dominant Residue Method Feedback and Residues Linearisation Linearisation by Perturbation Synchronous Machine Linearisation Single Machine Infinite Bus Equations (without AVR) Single Machine Infinite Bus Equations (with AVR) Exercises Synchronous Machine Damping Torque   Synchronising and Damping Torques Multi-machine Systems 7 AVR Tuning AVR Performance Requirements AVR Models Practical Exciters Control for Governors Ziegler-Nichols Tuning Method for PID Control PID Control of Governor 8 Power System Stabilisers PSS Design Other PSS Design Methods Two Lead Blocks Multi-machine System PSS Design Gpvr(s) for multi-machine systems Eigenvalue Sensitivity and Participation Matrix Dynamic Simulation - Local Mode Dynamic Simulation - Inter-area Mode Eigenvectors and Participation Factors

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Book SynopsisThis volume focuses on a few renewable energy sources, viz. wind energy plus energy from water movement and natural temperature differences that in principle could provide enormous energy resources. Energy from wind has been a rapidly growing source of energy as wind turbines have grown in size and especially as wind turbines have moved offshore. Hydroelectric dams have continued to be used as energy sources particularly in developing countries. Other energy sources using water, including waves and tidal sources, are also discussed in this volume. Finally, the volume discusses differences between deep and surface ocean temperatures plus the extraction of energy from the earth's extremely large energy resource of magma deep below the surface. These latter two energy resources in particular require further development and the current book describes the latest advances coupled with pointing possible paths forward.

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Book SynopsisThis book discusses biomethane and the processes and applications downstream from biogas production. Biogas is a result of anaerobic digestion of agricultural or general household waste, such as manure, plants or food waste, and as such is considered a renewable energy source. Biomethane is a gas that results from any process that improves the quality of biogas by reducing the levels of carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, moisture and other contaminant gases. Chemically, biomethane is the same as methane, and its name refers to the method of production rather than the content. Biomethane plants are generally found in locations with a low population density that are close to farms or food processing plants. In situations where there is no natural gas pipeline nearby, biomethane downstream applications can include storage, transportation, home heating, industrial use and distribution through small-scale local gas grids. This book discusses each of these applications and lists some of the design criteria as well as various issues relating to them.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Biomethane.- Cleaning Processes.- Upgrading to Biomethane.- Biomethane in Transportation.- Substitution of Biomethane in Domestic and Industrial Applications.- Biomethane in Local Gas Grids.- Future usage for Biogas and Biomethane.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents select proceedings of the National Conference on Renewable Energy and Sustainable Environment (NCRESE 2020) and examines a range of reliable energy-efficient harvesting technologies, their applications and utilization of available alternate energy resources. The topics covered include alternate energy technologies, smart grid topologies and their relevant issues, solar thermal and bio-energy systems, electric vehicles and energy storage systems and its control issues. The book also discusses various properties and performance attributes of advance renewable energy techniques and impact on environmental sustainability. The book will be useful for researchers and professionals working in the areas of energy and sustainable environment and the allied fields.Table of ContentsModelling and Simulation of Grid connected Wind Power Plant for Electric Vehicle Charging Station with Solid-oxide fuel cell.- Parameter Computation and Current Control Loop Tuning of Non-Salient PMSM Motor.- Single Object Detection Hardware Accelerator Using xfOpenCV Library.- Impact assessment of cross subsidy surcharge on electricity demand in Short term power market in India.- An Intelligent control technique based DTC of BLDC Motor Using New Multilevel Inverter.- Adaptive Volterra filtered-x logarithmic cost least mean lp-norm control for grid-tied PV Ultracapacitor Battery Fuel cell system.- Electrical Energy Storage Influencing Shift in Grid Balancing Approach.- A New Modular Multilevel Converter Topologyusing Flying Ultra-Capacitor and Cascaded H-bridges.- A review of solar water heating system with the use of phase change material as thermal storage medium.- Compositional variations of tree species in Aravalli and Vindhya-Malwa regions of Gujarat and Rajasthan.

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Book SynopsisThis volume is third part of the five-part set on bioenergy research. This book provides insights into commercial advantages of commonly running bioenergy options. It explores various opportunities present at technical scale to produce biofuels. Moreover, the additional practical feasibility of the commercialization of existing biofuels including existing challenges and sustainable solutions to overcome from these technical hurdles. This Volume also focuses on the durability and long run sustainability on the new arrival of biofuels options which can be a suitable and easy replacement of currently available biofuels at pilot scale. Other four volumes of this set explore basic concepts, latest progress, bio-waste to energy conversion and integrated solution for bioenergy concerns. Table of ContentsChapter 1.Bioenergy Production: Opportunities for Microorganisms (Part I).- Chapter 2. Bioenergy Production: Opportunities for Microorganisms (Part II).- Chapter 3. Value Added Products From Agriculture, Paper And Food Waste: A Source Of Bioenergy Production.- Chapter 4. Advancements in Diatom Algae based Biofuels.- Chapter 5. Valorization of Cellulosic and SAP based Baby Diaper Waste into Functional Products: Analyses and Bioenergy Potential.- Chapter 6. Role of Operational Parameters to Enhance Biofuel Production.- Chapter 7. Advances In Bioethanol Production: Processess And Technologies.- Chapter 8. Sustainable routes for renewable energy carriers in modern energy systems.- Chapter 9. Microalgae based biofuel- integrated biorefinery approach as sustainable feedstock for resolving energy crisis. Chapter 10. Substrate characterization in the anaerobic digestion process.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents select proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Renewable Energy and Electric Vehicles (AREEV 2020), and examines related emerging trends, feasible solutions to shape and enable the development of mankind. The topics covered include renewable energy sources, electric vehicles, energy storage systems, power system protection & security, smart grid and wide band-gap semiconductor technologies. The book also discusses applications of signal processing, artificial neural networks, optimal and robust control systems, and modeling and simulation of power electronic converters. The book will be a valuable reference for beginners, researchers, and professionals interested in power systems, renewable energy, and electric vehicles.Table of ContentsA Review on Social Group Optimization Technique for Power Capability Enhancement with Combined TCSC-UPFC.- Comparison of Five Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles.- Digital Twinning of the Battery Systems - A Review.- Analysis and Evaluation of the Impacts of FACTS Devices on the Transmission Line Protection.

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Book SynopsisThis book highlights recent advancements in such an important topic, through contribution from experts demonstrating different applications in ‘day-to-day’ life, both existing and newly emerging biological technologies, and thought provoking approaches from different parts of the world, potential future prospects associated with some frontier development in non-conventional energy sources. It covers different aspects of cellulosic and lignocellulosic biomass; Cellulosics Biorefinery; Algal Biofuels; Biodiesel; Bioethanol; Microbial Fuel Cells; Biofuel cells; and biohydrogen production. This book is a comprehensive and informative compilation for international readers, especially undergraduate, post graduate students and researchers.Table of Contents1 Current state of art on lignocellulosic biomass: future biofuels.- 2 Cellulosics Biorefinery: Concepts, potential, and challenges.- 3 Biorefinery technology for cellulosic biofuel production.- 4 Life cycle assessment of Algal Biofuels.- 5 Biodiesel: features, potential hurdles and future direction.- 6 Solid-state fermentation: an alternative approach to produce fungal lipids as biodiesel feedstock.- 7 Metabolic engineering approach for advanced microbial fuel production using Escherichia coli.-8 Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC) and its prospects on bioelectricity potential.- 9 Biocatalysis of Biofuel cells: Exploring the Intrinsic Bioelectrochemistry.- 10 Bioelectric fuel cells: Recent trends to manage the crisis on resources for conventional energy.- 11 Bioethanol: Substrates, current status, and challenges .- 12 Progress and perspectives of nanomaterials for bioenergy production.- 13 Nanofarming: Nanotechnology in Biofuel Production.- 14 Potential of Extremophiles in bioelectrochemical systems and biohydrogen production.

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Book SynopsisThis book contains selected papers presented at the First International Symposium on Sustainable Energy and Technological Advancements (ISSETA 2021), which was organized by the Department of Electrical Engineering, NIT Meghalaya, Shillong, India, during September 24–25, 2021. The topics covered in the book mainly focuses on the cutting-edge research domain with respect to sustainable energy technologies, smart building, integration, and application of multiple energy sources; advanced power converter topologies and their modulation techniques; and information and communication technologies for smart microgrids.Table of Contents​Impact of Reverse Power Flow due to High Solar PV Penetration on Distribution Protection System.- Modelling And Performance Evaluation Of MPPT based PMSG Wind Energy Conversion System With Boost Conveter In MATLABb/Simulink Environment.- Optimal Scheduling of Grid Connected PV System with Battery Energy Storage.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents selected peer-reviewed papers from the International Conference on Mechanical and Energy Technologies, which was held on October 28–29, 2021, at Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, India. The book reports on the latest developments in the field of mechanical and energy technology in contributions prepared by experts from academia and industry. The broad range of topics covered includes aerodynamics and fluid mechanics, artificial intelligence, nonmaterial and nonmanufacturing technologies, rapid manufacturing technologies and prototyping, remanufacturing, renewable energies technologies, metrology and computer-aided inspection, etc. Accordingly, the book offers a valuable resource for researchers in various fields, especially mechanical and industrial engineering, and energy technologies.Table of ContentsRedesign and Analysis of Cargo Containers for Delivery Drone Applications.- The Opportunities and Challenges of Implementing Green Internet of Things (IOT) Towards Energy Saving Practices in the Current Environment.- Monitoring of Infrastructure and Development for Smart Cities Supported by IOT Method.- A Review on Various Aerodynamics Control Techniques.- Air Pollution Index Prediction: A Machine Learning Approach.- A Comparative Study of Different IOT Sensors.- Evaluating the Performance of Deep Learning Methods and Its Impact on Digital Marketing.- Effectiveness of Machine Learning Technology in Detecting Patterns of Certain Diseases Within Patient Electronic Healthcare Records.- Sparse Function Learning for Alzheimer's Disease Detection Dependent on Magnetic Characteristics Imaging with Mark Information.- A Study on the Relationship between Cloud Computing and Data Mining in Business Organizations.

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Book SynopsisTwo-stage single-phase converters, including two-stage single-phase dc-ac inverters and two-stage single-phase PFC converters, are interfacing power converters between dc and ac voltage/current sources, which have been widely applied for dc-ac and ac-dc power conversion. For the two-stage single-phase converter, the ac-side power pulsates at twice the ac voltage frequency, resulting in second harmonic current (SHC) which might flow into the dc-dc converter, the dc voltage source, and dc load. This book clarifies the generation, propagation, and side-effects of this SHC and proposes the SHC reduction control schemes for the dc-dc converter, with different topologies and/or different operating modes, in the single-phase converter. On this basis, the second harmonic current compensator (SHCC) is proposed to compensate the SHC, significantly reducing the dc bus capacitance. In doing so, the electrolytic capacitors, with short lifetimes, are removed from the two-stage single-phase converter, leading to extended system lifetime and enhanced system stability. For having flawless SHC compensation performance, the port-current control schemes are proposed for the SHCC. Additionally, the stability analysis is carried out for the two-stage single-phase converter with the addition of SHCC. This book is a monograph combining theoretical analysis and engineering design, which could not only be a reference book for master students, Ph.D. students, and teachers majoring in power electronics but also be a handbook for the electrical engineers working on the research and development of LED drivers, EV on-board chargers, railway auxiliary power supplies, aviation power supplies, renewable energy generation systems, etc.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Basic Approaches for Reducing Second Harmonic Current in Single-Phase Power Converter.- Second Harmonic Current Reduction for Two-Stage Single-Phase Inverter with Buck-Derived BVCC as Front-End DC-DC Converter.- Second Harmonic Current Reduction for Two-Stage Single-Phase Inverter with Boost-Derived BVCC as Front-End DC-DC Converter.- Second Harmonic Current Reduction for Cascaded Single-Phase Inverter with Pre-Regulator plus LLC Resonant Converter as Front-End DC-DC Converter.- Second Harmonic Current Reduction for Two-Stage Single-Phase Inverter with BCCC as Front-End DC-DC Converter.- Second Harmonic Current Reduction for DC-DC Converter in Two-Stage Single-Phase PFC Converter.- Second Harmonic Current Reduction for DC-DC Converter in Single-Phase AC-DC-AC Converter.- Current Reference Feedforward Control for Electrolytic Capacitor-Less SHCC.- One-Cycle Control for Electrolytic Capacitor-Less SHCC.- Virtual Parallel-Impedance Based Control Scheme for Electrolytic Capacitor-Less SHCC.- Adaptive Voltage Control for Reducing Light-Load Loss of Electrolytic Capacitor-Less SHCC.- Stability Analysis for Two-Stage Single-Phase Converter with Electrolytic Capacitor-Less SHCC.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents the select proceedings the 2nd International Conference on Mechanical and Energy Technologies (ICMET 2021). The broad range of topics and issues covered are bulk deformation processes and sheet metal forming, composites, ceramics, and polymers processing, corrosion, heat treatment, microstructure and materials properties, energy materials, failure and fracture mechanics, friction, wear, tribology, and surface engineering, functionally graded materials, cellular materials, low friction and corrosion resistive materials for energy applications, lubricants and lubrication, machinability and formability of materials, material science and engineering, and materials for energy storage. This book will be useful for students, researchers, and professionals working in the areas of mechanical and industrial engineering, energy technologies, and allied fields.Table of ContentsApplication of Taguchi Approach to Optimize the Robot Spot Welding Parameters of JSC590RN Mild Steel.- Taguchi with GRA Based Optimization of Machining Parameters for End Milling of SS-304.- Design and Analysis of Knuckle Pin using Different Materials in Ansys.- The Current State and Potential of Canal-top Solar Power Plant in India.- Weapon Detection Rope Roaming Human Safety Robot.- Review and Real World Usability of Magnetic Levitation Trains.- Entrepreneurial Women in the Culture of Ceará: The Case of Cearens Literature.- Machining of Composite Materials using Different Conventional and Unconventional Machining Processes: A Short Review.- An Investigation on Effect of Hybrid Nanofluids in End Milling of Aluminium 6061 Alloy.- Classification Methods for Labelled Data in Machine Learning.- A Review of Solar Refrigeration for Cooling Applications.

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Book SynopsisThe tropical zones are dominated by developing countries, which mainly face problematic environmental issues. Different than four-season countries, tropical countries have a continuous summer-like season and therefore they are rich in clean energy sources like solar and biomass. Hence, the mitigations of environment and energy issues in the tropics would require specific understanding and different approach to solutions. This book offers an assortment of studies on scenarios of environment as well as energy demand and power generation technologies in the tropics. Many of the countries within the tropics are highly populated, and this results in various problems related to the environment and energy. The demand for energy in these countries keeps increasing but concurrently there are also environmental issues that require serious attention. As the global concern on the environment is alarming today, the choice of power generation should be of the cleanest possible resource. This various reports on research activities carried out in the tropics on the aspect of environment and energy presented in this book are highly beneficial for those who like to see an improvement in the tropics with regard to environment and energy systems.Table of Contents1. Energy Trends and Opportunities in Society 5.0 2. Road Towards Net-zero Emissions in the Tropics 3. Vehicle Emissions and Nuisance Study due to Idling Engines in Malaysia 4. Net-Zero Energy and Low Carbon Footprint in Residential Buildings in Tropical Regions 5. Solar Energy Potential Assessments in Rain-dominated Tropical Monsoon Climates 6. Impact of Surface Temperature of a Photovoltaic Solar Panel on Voltage Production 7. Development of a High-Performance Modified Fresnel Solar Cooker 8. Plastic Waste Issue in Malaysia: Where are We? 9. A Critical Review on Conversions of Waste Plastics into Value-added Hydrocarbons 10. Microwave Pyrolysis of Plastic Wastes into Hydrogen and Carbon 11. Heterojunction Catalysts for Enhanced Pyrolysis of Biomass and Synthetic Wastes12. Biomass Gasification for Sustainable Power Production in Tropical Countries 13. Review on the Effect of Oxygenated Fuels, Antioxidants and Cetane Improver Additives in Biodiesels on Compression Ignition Engine Performance and Emission 14. The Biogas Technology Development in Ethiopia: The status, and the role of private sectors, academic institutions, and research centers 15. Environment Friendly Production of Coconut Shell Charcoal through Pyrolysis16. Thermal Comfort Attainment by Personal Vortex Tube Cooling Device 17. Urban Heat Island Phenomena in Tropical Countries: An Experimental Elucidation of Wake Flow behind Slender High-rise Buildings 18. Natural Ventilation in Traditional Malay House: A Study of Flow Pattern by an Enhanced Smoke Wire Technique 19. The Importance of Ventilation in Vehicle Cabin on Air Quality 20. Indoor Carbon Dioxide Levels in a Typical Wooden House in Northern Borneo 21. A Review for Sustainable Electrification of Ethiopia with Hydropower Energy 22. Numerical Modelling and Performance Optimization of a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine 23. Heat Transfer Enhancement in Stirling Engines using Fins with Different Configurations 24. The Feasibility of Tidal Energy in the United Arab Emirates

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