Water supply and treatment Books

Book SynopsisDesalination is imperative to mitigate the global water scarcity as it produces drinking water from unpotable water. Currently, reverse osmosis membrane processes are widely used and account for 60% of desalination plants globally as they have lower energy requirements than other techniques, such as thermal desalination. Another promising alternative to desalination is membrane distillation (MD), which has been highlighted as one of the most promising and cost-effective desalination technologies over the last five decades. MD is a thermally driven desalination process that uses microporous and hydrophobic membranes through which only vapor can pass. Because non-volatile ions cannot pass through the membrane, MD theoretically achieves 100% salt rejection. In addition, MD is superior to other techniques as it is conducted at relatively low temperature and pressure, and is less sensitive to the feed concentration. MD is a desalination process that uses the vapor pressure difference between the feed and permeate as the driving force through the membranes. Over 2,800 scientific publications appeared in Web of Science as of September 2019 (over 400 just in 2019) describing the current state of development and potential future applications of MD. Although these publications provide excellent knowledge regarding MD, they are rather fragmented, and it is difficult to gain a complete overview of the basic principles and functions of membranes for MD configurations and their application to real plants. In this book, we introduce MD from the invention of this technique to the recent developments in membranes and processes. The membrane materials and configurations of MD processes are systematically discussed, along with an introduction to real pilot plants that have been installed and tested in the field, and an economic analysis of MD. The objective of this book is to provide a short, but reasonably comprehensive, introduction to MD to graduate students and persons with an engineering or natural science background, to gain a basic understanding of MD, and the associated materials, configurations, and applications, without studying a large number of different reference books.Table of ContentsPreface; Introduction; Introduction to Membrane Distillation; Properties and Fabrication Methods of Membranes for Membrane Distillation; Polymeric Membranes for Membrane Distillation; Ceramic Membranes for Membrane Distillation; Recent Progress in the Preparation and Modification of Omniphobic Membranes for Membrane Distillation; Use of Antiscalants in Membrane Distillation; Membrane Modules for Membrane Distillation; Configuration of Membrane Distillation; Hybrid Configuration of Membrane Distillation: Vacuum Multi-Effect Membrane Distillation; Hybrid Configuration of Membrane Distillation: Pressure-Retarded Osmosis and Reverse Osmosis with Membrane Distillation; Membrane Distillation Powered by Solar Thermal Energy: Pilot Projects; Economic Analysis of Membrane Distillation; Perspectives in Membrane Distillation; Index.

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Book SynopsisHydrogeochemistry is of great application in reconstructing the previous groundwater circulation under ice sheets due to meltwater recharging the subsurface having a geochemical signature that could be discriminated from the other sources of water produced under warmer climates. Many hydrogeological factors could affect the geochemical composition of groundwater. These include the climate conditions, the lithology of the substrate and its hydraulic conductivity, the weathering, the length of the flow path, the penetration depth, the groundwater flow velocity and the residence time of groundwater. In recent years, hydrogeochemistry advances in analytical technology have allowed hydrogeochemical surveys to become a very powerful exploration technique. The new research works in this area are very broad and extensive. In this mini book, it is impossible to bring all of these novel techniques. The current Advances in Hydrogeochimistry Research book is limited to some diverse examples in different regions of the earth. As an introduction, chemical interaction between surface water and groundwater has been explained and discussed. A hydrogeochemical perspective of the wetland systems is then drawn. It has been combined with the biological remediation. Contaminant fate and transport in both groundwater and soil are also studied using different image analysis techniques. A case study in an Arab region of the world is comprehensively undertaken and the impact of groundwater pollution and quality on regional economics has been investigated. The concepts, classifications and applications of the groundwater modeling for solute transport simulation have been defined in the saturated porous media of the earth. An African analysis was done on assessing the microbiological quality of potable groundwater from the selected protected and unprotected wells in Zimbabwe. 36Cl for dating groundwater was contributed on the Guarani Aquifer System, located beneath the surface of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay and is the second largest known aquifer system in the world and is attributed as an important source of freshwater. For semi-arid and arid zones of Iran, geospatial techniques in hydrogeochemistry have been used by intersecting the layers and statistical analysis. Then, a hydrochemical analysis of the bottled mineral waters has been comparatively studied. In another part of Africa, a semiarid part of North Eastern Nigeria, physicochemical characteristics of groundwater are widely determined. It has been also shown that the hydraulic fracking associated with the coalbed methane production has a great impact on water resources. Finally, various case studies have been done on the environmental state of freshwater, natural resources and mine waters in the some parts of Serbia, Spain and Central Asia. In addition, the implications on regional water resources management have been indicated. This book is intended primarily as a textbook at the graduate/research level and as a guide for field engineers, enabling them to remain current with scientific developments. As a simple prerequisite, the readers should have basic background knowledge in groundwater engineering and a general understanding of environmental and geological processes.Table of ContentsPreface; Chemical Interaction between Groundwater and Surface Waters; Biological Remediation Using Wetland Systems: A Hydro-Geochemical Perspective; Impact of Groundwater Pollution-Quality on Regional Economics: A Case Study in the Arab Region; Groundwater Modeling and Its Concepts, Classifications, and Applications for Solute Transport Simulation in Saturated Porous Media; Assessing the Microbiological Quality of Potable Groundwater from Selected Protected and Unprotected Wells in Murehwa District, Zimbabwe; 36Cl Contribution for Dating Groundwaters from the Guarani Aquifer System; Geospatial Techniques in Hydrogeochemistry by Intersecting the Layers and Statistical Analysis, Mashhad, Iran; A Comparative Hydrochemical Study of Bottled Mineral Waters; Physicochemical Assessment of Groundwater Quality in a Semiarid Part of North East Nigeria; Impact on Water Resources by Hydraulic Fracking Associated with Coalbed Methane Production; The Environmental State of Freshwater Resources in Man-Made Lakes of Serbia; Hydrogeochemistry of Circum-Neutral Mine Waters in the Anglès Old Mining Area, North Eastern Spain; Evaluation of Natural Water Quality in the Jungar Basin in Central Asia and Its Implications on Regional Water Resource Management; Evolution and Characteristics of Natural Waters under Arid Climate in Northern Tianshan Mountains, Central Asia; Index.

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Book SynopsisDrinking Water: Quality Control, Distribution Systems and Treatment focuses on some of the technologies involved in water treatment processes, such as adsorption, co-precipitation, flocculation, and coagulation. The authors emphasize the newest easy processes, inadequacies, and prospects of drinking water treatment. In one study, a simple effective intervention for biochanin A in influent water using ZSM-5, a nano-porous crystalline zeolite, is described. In closing, a Sphingomonas paucimobilis strain isolated from an Indian drinking water system was evaluated for its ability to co-aggregate and form mixed biofilms with Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri, and Escherichia coli O57:H7.Table of ContentsPreface; New Generation Materials for the Adsorption of Toxic Metal Ion from Drinking Water; Water Treatment Methods for Detoxification of Metal Ions: State-of-the-Art, Future Scenario and Challenges; A Rapid, Nanoporous Zeolite Based Approach for Removal of Biochanin A in Potable Water Destined for Distribution; The Role of Sphingomonas paucimobilis in Intergeneric Co-Aggregation and Mixed Biofilm Formation with Water Borne Pathogenic Bacteria in the Distributed Drinking Water System: Implications of Public Health Risk; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book proposes the development of solar water heating applications. The theme is topical since it is linked not only to its economic advantages, but above all to considerations relating to environmental protection. Indeed, the operation of water heating systems, industrial or domestic, by this solar energy, is characterised by the absence of polluting discharges (fumes containing CO2 and Nox), radioactive dangers and bulky waste (nuclear centre). Overall, this book deals with the description of solar energy sources (thermal and photovoltaic), the structures of innovative water heating systems by these energy sources, the thermal and electrical modelling of water heating and the estimation of the yields of the different proposed systems. The proposed knowledge makes it possible to discover the field of renewable energy and to have knowledge of the applications of innovative solar heating systems currently marketed or under development in research laboratories. Also, it allows young researchers, doctoral students, academics and engineers to innovate in the field of solar energy and to develop efficient and hybrid solar water heating systems (thermal and photovoltaic energies). The experimental results, numerical simulations and economic studies proposed will be used by design offices to size and propose the appropriate installations for industrial and domestic applications.Table of ContentsPreface; Water Heating with a Multi-Stage Hybrid Solar System MSDH; Adoption Potential, Thermal Engineering and Economic Viability of Solar Water Heating Systems; Daily Comparison Energy and Exergy and Energy Analysis and Thermal Energy Storage Performance of Solar Collectors; Steam Generation for Process Applications Using Solar Water Heating Enabled by Nanofluids; Influence of Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Material (NEPCM) on the Performance of Solar Water Heater; Thermal Model and Simulations of Solar Water Heating; Thermal Performance Evaluation of a Modified Solar Water Heater Integrated With Parabolic Trough Concentrator; Hydrogen Production and Space Heating Using Water Heated by Solar Radiation; Photovoltaic Solar Water Heating System; Potential Techniques for Thermal Performance Enhancement for Solar Water Heaters; Humidification-Dehumidification Desalination Through Solar Water Heating System; Influence of Various Nanofluids on the Performance of Solar Water Heaters; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis manual describesjar testing, particle counting, and other techniques and processes for monitoring, optimizing, and controlling water treatment processes.

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Book SynopsisPopulation growth and unchallenged water use have brought us to the brink of a worldwide water crisis. This fascinating book presents scenarios for the broad trends that will have a significant impact upon future water challenges. Examine what the next 100 years may bring to water use, prices, and availability--and how individuals, water utilities, industries, and countries can change the future of water.Your time machine into the future The Future of Water: A Startling Look Ahead is an intriguingly realistic look at–The future of water use at homeGrass species that live on common seawater, clothes washers that use a cup of water per load--or no water at all, UV-light dishwashers, and toilets that flush with reused bathwater...all these are closer than you think.–The future of agricultural water useLearn the many innovative ways farmers are growing more food with less water. In coming years, don’t be surprised if you see on packaging, “Irrigated with natural rainfall, no fossil waters used.” –The future of industrial water useWe will see industry increasingly move to where water is plentiful. Old industrial cities in the rainy northeast US that have been shrinking and decaying for decades may experience revitalization.–The future sources of waterReclamation and reuse of wastewater and stormwater will be commonplace sources of water for drinking, energy production, agriculture, and industry. Climate changes and global warming will increase precipitation in some locales and decrease it in others.–The future of water storage America is tearing down many old dams, while China and Africa are on dam-building binges. How will the US meet its water storage needs with fewer dams? What do these new Chinese and African dams–some the biggest ever built–mean for the future of water?–The future of water utilitiesWatch for widespread consolidation of small utilities for efficiency and cost-savings. Many water utilities will follow Singapore’s lead to become better at educating the public of the true value of water.–The future of water businessLearn about innovative solutions to the challenges of water scarcity, storage, treatment, and distribution. –The future role of waterRivers, lakes, and aquifers cross political borders, creating conflicts. Learn about many innovative technologies and creative solutions to water problems.""Steve Maxwell takes us straight into the realities of the water crisis that is now spreading through all parts of the country, and indeed the entire world.""Bruce Babbitt, Former US Secretary of the Interior""An excellent and somewhat startling book. Concise...with an amazing amount of information.""Bernard P. Kryzs, President and Publisher, Water Utility Infrastructure Management

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Book SynopsisTroubleshooting granular filters can take hours and frustrate even the most experienced water operators. Find and solve filter problems fast with this handbook. Authored by a filter designer and consultant who holds several patents in filtration, this book has all the information needed to troubleshoot granular media filters, understand how they work, and maintain optimum filter performance.Table of Contents1. Introduction2. Driving Head3. Plenum/Flume Hydraulics4. Filter Support Gravel5. Filter Media6. Underdrain7. Optimizing Backwash8. Filter Controls9. Gravity Filter Troubleshooting Procedures10. Pressure Filters11. Filter Maintenance12. SummaryAppendix: Water Treatment Chemistry and Jar Testing ProceduresAppendix: Troubleshooting ChecklistsAppendix: Historical Records

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Book SynopsisSelection, design, construction, and maintenance of steel tanks for potable water storage.

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Book SynopsisThe Drinking Water Book takes a level-headed look at the serious issues surrounding America''s drinking water supply. In the completely revised comprehensive guide to making tap and bottled water safer, you''ll find unbiased reporting on what''s in your water and how to drink safely. Featuring the latest scientific research, Ingram evaluates the different kinds of filters and bottled waters and rates specific products on the market. The Drinking Water Book: ·   Honestly and thoroughly tackles a subject vital to ongoing environmental, health, and safety concerns ·   Shows how to avoid bogus safety tests, scams, and unnecessary expenditures·   Explains the toxins in our water, how to test for them, and how to get rid of them ·   Details which toxins aren''t regulated by federal and state water standards

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Book SynopsisArsenic is a widely distributed, naturally occurring element in the Earth''s crust and is present in trace amounts in all living organisms. Higher levels of arsenic tend to be found more frequently in ground water than in surface water. Because small water systems typically rely on wells for drinking water, while the largest systems typically rely on surface-water sources, arsenic tends to occur in higher levels more often in water used by small communities. In the United States, the average level measured in ground-water samples is less than or equal to 1 part per billion; however, higher levels are not uncommon. Compared to the rest of the United States, Western states have more water systems with levels exceeding 10 ppb, and levels exceed 50 ppb in some locations. Parts of the Midwest and New England also have some water systems with arsenic levels exceeding 10 ppb, but most systems have lower levels. EPA projects that 5.5% of water systems, serving 11 million people, are likely to exceed the 10 ppb level. Sources of arsenic in water include natural sources, and releases from its use as a wood preservative, in semi-conductors and paints, and from agriculture and mining. A question of ongoing scientific debate concerned whether significant adverse health effects occur from ingesting arsenic at very low levels. This book reviews EPA efforts to develop a new arsenic rule and summarises key provisions and subsequent events. Included are different ways of actually removing the arsenic and maintaining the healthy level that is required by the EPA.

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Book SynopsisThe Bureau of Reclamation is responsible for the construction of most of the large irrigation and water resources infrastructure in the West. Reclamation manages water resource facilities in 17 western states with an original development cost of over $20.0 billion. Furthermore, Reclamation is over 100 years old. This ageing infrastructure requires increased maintenance and replacement efforts and expenditures. This book describes Reclamation''s approach to managing ageing infrastructure. There is also a discussion of four specific approaches to managing Reclamation''s ageing infrastructure through legislative action. Furthermore, the principal federal program to aid municipal wastewater treatment plant construction is authorised in the Clean Water Act (CWA). This book explores the funding for EPA wastewater assistance and some of the funded projects which are not authorised in the Clean Water Act nor the Safe Drinking Water Act. This book also examines the urgent actions needed to be taken for additional funding to resolve any deficiencies in dams. While dams have multiple benefits, they can also present a risk to public safety and economic infrastructure. This book consists of public documents which have been located, gathered, combined, reformatted, and enhanced with a subject index, selectively edited and bound to provide easy access.

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Book SynopsisWastewater treatment plants usually generate millions of tons of sewage sludge every year. Sewage sludge results from the accumulation of solids from chemical coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation during wastewater treatment. Worldwide, sludge production is steadily increasing, driven by the increasing percentage of households connected to central treatment plants, the increasing tightening of pollution limits on the effluent discharged, as well as the availability of technologies capable of achieving higher efficiency of wastewater treatment. Sewage sludge contains undesirable hazardous substances such as trace elements, pesticides and endocrine disruptors, pathogens and other microbiological pollutants. Therefore, sludge has to be properly treated and disposed of to prevent environmental contamination and health risk. Sludge processing is intended to improve dewatering characteristics, eliminate disease-causing bacteria, reduce smell and decrease the quantity of organic solids. In this way, the end product can be treated further or disposed of with less handling problems and environmental consequences. This new important book gathers the latest research from around the globe on this issue.

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Book SynopsisHal Crimmel has brought scientific research together with the experienced voices of environmental social scientists, humanists, and activists to provide a broad perspective on Utah water issues. The matters discussed are relevant beyond this one state, as similar conditions and concerns—especially over supply and demand in the face of demographic and climate change—exist throughout the West. Some of the essays are scientific and analytical; others literary and personal. Together they draw attention to problems that Utah residents and legislators must address but also emphasize ways to build solutions. Desert Water will help citizens, policy makers, and anyone interested in Utah’s water supply and use understand the real challenges—and ethics—involved in managing this vital, finite resource. By increasing awareness, these essays should create a sense of urgency for finding workable solutions.Trade Review"Extremely well-rounded, representing a variety of approaches to water in arid Utah." —Michael D. Burke, professor of English, Colby College. "The contributors to Desert Water present a clear-eyed look at history and the unreal present in hopes of averting the coming train wreck of waste, climate change, and intractable politics. Yet everywhere the love of Utah's rivers and landscapes seeps through, inspiring a sense of urgency and hope that we can do better. This examination of Utah's particulars is relevant wherever water is precious and finite—that is, everywhere in the West." —Bradley John Monsma, author of The Sespe Wild: Southern California's Last Free River. “For anyone interested in learning more about the condition of water resources in Utah, Desert Water is an overall valuable resource.... It offers a fair evaluation of pressing issues and conservation motivations from a multitude of perspectives.”–University of Denver Water Law Review

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Book SynopsisThe bottled water industry is the second largest commercial beverage category by volume in the U.S. Nearly all bottled water sold in the US is sourced domestically. Only approximately two percent of the total volume is comprised of imported bottled water. This book evaluates the extent to which FDA regulates and ensures the quality and safety of bottled water, evaluates the extent to which federal and state authorities regulate the accuracy of labels and identifies the environmental and other impacts of bottled water. To address these objectives, the authors reviewed relevant FDA documents, policies and guidelines as well as related laws and regulations pertinent to the oversight of bottled water at the federal and state levels, and analyzed data from the FDA databases and track inspections, import examinations and recalls. Bottled water labels were also examined and companies were contacted to determine the information they provide to customers. This book consists of public documents which have been located, gathered, combined, reformatted, and enhanced with a subject index, selectively edited and bound to provide easy access.

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Book SynopsisWater scarcity is spreading and intensifying in many regions of the world, with dire consequences for local communities, economies, and freshwater ecosystems. Current approaches tend to rely on policies crafted at the state or national level, which on their own have proved insufficient to arrest water scarcity. To be durable and effective, water plans must be informed by the culture, economics, and varied needs of affected community members. International water expert Brian Richter argues that sustainable water sharing in the twenty-first century can only happen through open, democratic dialogue and local collective action. In Chasing Water, Richter tells a cohesive and complete story of water scarcity: where it is happening, what is causing it, and how it can be addressed. Through his engaging and non-technical style, he strips away the complexities of water management to its bare essentials, providing information and practical examples that will empower community leaders, activists, and students to develop successful and long-lasting water programmes. Chasing Water will provide local stakeholders with the tools and knowledge they need to take an active role in the watershed-based planning and implementation that are essential for water supplies to remain sustainable in perpetuity.

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Book SynopsisKeep your lawn and garden lush without wasting resources by capturing and recycling the greywater that drains from your sink, shower, and washing machine. This accessible and detailed guide walks you through each step of planning for and installing a variety of greywater systems, including laundry-to-landscape and branched drain gravity-fed systems. After identifying greywater sources in your home and estimating flow rate, you’ll learn to pinpoint where to redirect the wastewater for the greatest benefit. No matter which system you decide to build, you'll have the information to construct it yourself or move forward with confidence to hire a professional.

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Book SynopsisThe results discussed in this book are interesting and useful for a wide range of specialists and scientists working in the field of applied mathematics, and in the modelling and monitoring of pollution of natural waters, ecology, hydrology, power engineering and building of different structures of water objects. Their importance and practical value are submitted in the friendly form for comprehension and are ready for direct application for the solution of practical tasks. Advantages of the elaborated methods and algorithms are shown not only through theoretical judgements and calculations, but also through the demonstration of results of particular calculus and modelling.

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Book SynopsisThirty years ago, Low Life appeared to universal acclaim and secured Luc Sante's status as the author of that cult classic of alternative New York City history. Now, he returns with another sidelong NYC history-here, the making of the upstate reservoir system that reliably supplies one of the world's greatest metropolises with its fresh water, and without which the city would almost certainly have faded into insignificance. This meticulously detailed book is both an immersive history and a meditation on the significance of these willed-from-nature bodies of water to the city-past, present, and future.

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Book SynopsisThis book explores desalination technologies in the United States, which are increasingly used for municipal and industrial water supplies and reclamation of contaminated supplies. An issue for Congress is the federal role in desalination research, demonstration and full-scale facilities, and regulatory requirements. Constraints on wider adoption include financial, environmental, regulatory issues and concerns. Desalination processes generally treat seawater or brackish water to produce a stream of freshwater, and a separate, saltier stream of water that has to be disposed (often called waste concentrate). Its attractions include creation of a new freshwater source from otherwise unusable waters, and its independence from precipitation, runoff, storage, and recharge. Many states (most notably Florida, California and Texas) and cities are actively researching and investigating the feasibility of large-scale desalination plants for municipal water supplies.

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Book SynopsisClimate change poses a variety of challenges for water management, and there is a need to develop methods for understanding and managing risk. While much has been written about the projected impacts of climate change at the continental or regional scale, scientists are quick to caution decision makers about using projections based on global circulation models (GCMs) for local decision making. This uncertainty about specific impacts on local systems has raised concern about the ability of water resource managers to plan for climate and hydrological changes at the local scale, and has spurred recent activity to develop methods for understanding vulnerabilities, including how to downscale climate models. This book examines and documents the steps taken by some of the leading utilities in an attempt to identify the emergent characteristics of water utility climate change vulnerability assessments.

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Book SynopsisMuch progress has been made in achieving the ambitious goals that Congress established more than 35 years ago in the Clean Water Act (CWA) to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation''s waters. However, long-standing problems persist, and new problems have emerged. Water quality problems are diverse, ranging from pollution runoff from farms and ranches, city streets, and other diffuse or "non-point" sources, to toxic substances discharged from factories and sewage treatment plants. This book provides an overview of water quality issues in the 112th Congress with a focus on pesticide use and water quality; animal waste and water quality; and a summary of the Clean Water Act.

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Book SynopsisWastewater treatment represents a continuous challenge for engineers, environmental scientists and regulators. Today, an increasing number of new contaminants are being found such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and nanomaterials. In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the biological methods, technology and environmental impact of wastewater treatment processes. Topics include anaerobic membrane bioreactors for wastewater treatment; ecotoxicological approaches to assess wastewater''s environmental impact to saltwater; EBPR for wastewater treatment; innovative sequencing batch reactors for industrial wastewater treatment; PAHs in the water environment; and cationic tannins as a coagulatnt/flocculant agent.

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Book SynopsisIn this book a brief description of monitoring systems of the most developed countries of the world (the USA, Canada, European states) and Global Environment Monitoring System (GEMS/WATER) is given. A structure of a state monitoring system of inland surface waters of the Russian Federation including the subsystems of surveillance, operational and special types of monitoring is considered in detail. A large section of the book is dedicated to the results of full-scale ecological modelling and a study of intrabasin processes as a basis for ecological standardisation. A methodology for complex assessment of water quality is analysed and the most recognised and official method in Russia for complex assessments of ISW pollution level is described.

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Book SynopsisWater quality is fundamental for our health and affects the environment we share with other animals including marine, freshwater and terrestrial species. Water quality is often managed based on indicators for levels of bacteria and other chemical/physical contents. To assist in better management and monitoring of water quality, this book provides an overview of state of the art assessments of water quality; with an understanding how water quality is affected, and improving water quality for irrigation, drinking and recreation activities.

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Book SynopsisAccording to a 2012 report released by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children''s Fund (UNICEF), roughly 780 million people around the world lack access to clean drinking water and an estimated 2.5 billion people (roughly 40% of the world''s population) are without access to safe sanitation facilities. The United States has long supported efforts to improve global access to clean water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH). In 2000, for example, the United States signed on the Millennium Development Goals, one of which includes a target to halve the proportion of people without access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation by 2015. This book focuses on the bilateral WASH programs authorized by the Water for the Poor Act. These programs are monitored and reported by the Department of State and implemented primarily by USAID and the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC).

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Book SynopsisForty years after the Clean Water Act set a national goal of eliminating the discharge of pollutants into navigable U.S. waters, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has made significant progress in reducing pollution from industrial facilities; nevertheless, pollution from these facilities continues to cause concern. EPA''s actions to reduce this pollution have included establishing national technology-based regulations, or effluent guidelines, for separate industrial categories, such as petroleum refining, fertiliser manufacturing, coal mining, and metal finishing. Relatively few effluent guidelines have been revised or created in recent years and environmental advocacy groups continue to raise concerns because industrial facilities annually discharge hundreds of billions, and perhaps trillions of pounds of pollutants to U.S. waters. This book examines water pollution controls with a focus on effluent guidelines, total maximum daily loads and stormwater permits.

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Book SynopsisCongress has enacted hundreds of federal laws affecting the nation''s water resources and continues to address numerous water-related issues annually. From responding to natural disasters such as droughts and floods, to improving water resources and water quality infrastructures and protecting fish and wildlife, many congressional committees are involved in legislating, funding, and overseeing the water-related activities of numerous federal agencies. Nearly two centuries of such activity have resulted in a complex web of federal involvement in water resource management and use. This book provides an overview of select federal water activities with a focus on agencies, authorities, and congressional committees.

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Book SynopsisPlanning and obtaining financing for water utility capital projects. This edition addresses both traditional and innovative utility financing alternatives to meet both short-and long-term capital requirements

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