Technology, Engineering & Agriculture Books

Book SynopsisChemical Principles of Nanoengineering Understand the chemical properties of nanomaterials with this thorough introduction Nanomaterials, which possess at least one dimension lower than 100 nanometers, are increasingly at the forefront of technological and chemical innovation. The properties of these uniquely minute materials give them distinctive applications across a huge range of industries and research fields. It is therefore critical that the next generation of engineers and materials scientists understand these materials, their chemical properties, and how they form bonds. Chemical Principles of Nanoengineering answers this need with a thorough, detailed introduction to nanomaterials and their underlying chemistry. It particularly emphasizes the connection between nanomaterial properties and chemical bonds, which in turn allows readers to understand how these properties change at different scales. The result is a critical resource for understanding these increasingly vital materials. Chemical Principles of Nanoengineering readers will also find: Step-by-step arrangement of material to facilitate learning in sequence and gradual, self-guided progress End-of-chapter problems and key concept definitions to reinforce learning Detailed coverage of important nanomaterials like quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and more Chemical Principles of Nanoengineering is a must-have for advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students in materials science, chemical engineering, chemistry, and related fields.Table of ContentsIntroduction 1 What is Nanoengineering? 1 What are Chemical Principles of Nanoengineering? 3 Who is this Book Intended for? 4 1 Intermolecular Forces 7 1.1 The Pairwise Potential 8 1.2 Electrostatic Interactions 11 1.3 Permanent Dipole Interactions and Hydrogen Bonding 18 1.4 van der Waals Forces 23 1.5 Hydrophobic Forces 32 1.6 Steric Forces 36 1.7 Particle Stability and Aggregation 39 Further Reading 42 Problems and Discussion Topics 43 2 Molecular Bonds 49 2.1 Atomic Orbitals 50 2.2 Valence Bond Theory 51 2.3 Molecular Orbital Theory 58 2.4 Frontier Orbitals and Chemical Reactions 71 2.5 Electronic Transitions 73 2.6 Functional Groups and Nomenclature 75 Further Reading 89 Problems and Discussion Topics 89 3 Extended Solids 95 3.1 Energy Bands 95 3.2 Conductivity 99 3.3 Tight-Binding Approximation 104 3.4 Density of States 116 3.5 Conducting Polymers 120 Further Reading 128 Problems and Discussion Topics 128 4 Nanocarbon 133 4.1 Hybridization 133 4.2 Graphene 137 4.3 Carbon Nanotubes 146 4.4 Fullerenes 154 4.5 Diamondoids 157 References 158 Further Reading 159 Problems and Discussion Topics 159 5 Descriptive Crystal Chemistry 163 5.1 Lattices and the Unit Cell 163 5.2 Hard-Sphere Packing 167 5.3 Coordination Geometries 173 5.4 Bravais Lattices 176 5.5 The Atomic Basis 183 5.6 Archetypes 186 5.7 Miller Indices and Crystal Planes 190 Further Reading 194 Problems and Discussion Topics 194 6 Surface Properties and Effects 199 6.1 Estimating the Surface 199 6.2 Adsorption 203 6.3 Surface Energy 208 6.4 Nearest-neighbor Broken-bond Model 212 6.5 Interfacial Energy 218 6.6 Curvature Effects 222 6.7 Stabilizing the Surface 226 Further Reading 232 Problems and Discussion Topics 232 Index 235

Read more less

Book SynopsisVan der Waals Heterostructures A comprehensive resource systematically detailing the developments and applications of van der Waals heterostructures and devices Van der Waals Heterostructures is essential reading to understand the developments made in van der Waals heterostructures and devices in all aspects, from basic synthesis to physical analysis and heterostructures assembling to devices applications, including demonstrated applications of van der Waals heterostructure on electronics, optoelectronics, and energy conversion, such as solar energy, hydrogen energy, batteries, catalysts, biotechnology, and more. This book starts from an in-depth introduction of van der Waals interactions in layered materials and the forming of mixed-dimensional heterostructures via van der Waals force. It then comprehensively summarizes the synthetic methods, devices building processes and physical mechanism of 2D van der Waals heterostructures, and devices including 2D-2D electronics, 2D-2D optoelectronics, and mixed dimensional van der Waals heterostructures. In Van der Waals Heterostructures, readers can expect to find specific information on: The current library of 2D semiconductors and the current synthesis and performances of 2D semiconductors Controllable synthesis and assemble van der Waals heterostructures, physics of the van der Waals interface, and multi-field coupling effects 2D-2D electronics, 2D-2D optoelectronics, mixed dimensional van der Waals heterostructures, and van der Waals heterostructure applications on energy conversion Insight into future perspectives of the van der Waals heterostructures and devices with the detailed effective role of 2D materials for integrated electrical and electronic equipment Table of Contents1 Introduction 2 The library of 2D semiconductors 3 Synthesis and performances of 2D semiconductors 4 The controllable synthesis and assemble van der waals heterostructures 5 The Physics of van der Waals interface 6 The multi-field coupling effects 7 2D-2D electronics 8 2D-2D optoelectronics 9 Mixed dimensional Van der Waals heterostructures 10 Van der waals heterostructure application on energy conversion 11 Perspective and outlook

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisMetal Oxide Semiconductors Up-to-date resource highlighting highlights emerging applications of metal oxide semiconductors in various areas and current challenges and directions in commercialization Metal Oxide Semiconductors provides a current understanding of oxide semiconductors, covering fundamentals, synthesizing methods, and applications in diodes, thin-film transistors, gas sensors, solar cells, and more. The text presents state-of-the-art information along with fundamental prerequisites for understanding and discusses the current challenges in pursuing commercialization and future directions of this field. Despite rapid advancements in the materials science and device physics of oxide semiconductors over the past decade, the understanding of science and technology in this field remains incomplete due to its relatively short research history; this book aims to bridge the gap between the rapidly advancing research progress in this field and the demand for relevant materials and devices by researchers, engineers, and students. Written by three highly qualified authors, Metal Oxide Semiconductors discusses sample topics such as: Fabrication techniques and principles, covering vacuum-based methods, including sputtering, atomic layer deposition and evaporation, and solution-based methods Fundamentals, progresses, and potentials of p–n heterojunction diodes, Schottky diodes, metal-insulator-semiconductor diodes, and self-switching diodes Applications in thin-film transistors, detailing the current progresses and challenges towards commercialization for n-type TFTs, p-type TFTs, and circuits Detailed discussions on the working mechanisms and representative devices of oxide-based gas sensors, pressure sensors, and PH sensors Applications in optoelectronics, both in solar cells and ultraviolet photodetectors, covering their parameters, materials, and performance Memory applications, including resistive random-access memory, transistor-structured memory devices, transistor-structured artificial synapse, and optical memory transistors A comprehensive monograph covering all aspects of oxide semiconductors, Metal Oxide Semiconductors is an essential resource for materials scientists, electronics engineers, semiconductor physicists, and professionals in the semiconductor and sensor industries who wish to understand all modern developments that have been made in the field.Table of ContentsPreface ix 1 Metal Oxide Semiconductors: State-of-the-Art and New Challenges 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 n-Type Metal Oxide Semiconductors 1 1.2.1 ZnO 1 1.2.2 SnO2 3 1.2.3 In2O3 3 1.2.4 TiO2 4 1.2.5 Ga2O3 5 1.3 p-Type Metal Oxide Semiconductors 5 1.3.1 Copper Oxides (CuO/Cu2O) 5 1.3.2 SnO 6 1.3.3 NiOx 7 2 Fabrication Techniques and Principles 15 2.1 Introduction 15 2.2 Vacuum-Based Methods 15 2.2.1 Sputtering 16 2.2.2 Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) 18 2.2.3 Evaporation 21 2.3 Solution-Based Methods 23 2.3.1 0D Oxide Semiconductors 23 2.3.2 1D Oxide Semiconductors 26 2.3.3 2D Oxide Semiconductors 29 2.3.4 3D Oxide Semiconductors 31 3 Metal Oxide Semiconductors for Diodes 39 3.1 Introduction 39 3.2 P–N Heterojunction Diodes 39 3.2.1 Representative Devices 40 3.2.2 Applications 42 3.3 Schottky Diodes 44 3.3.1 Working Mechanisms 45 3.3.2 ZnO Schottky Diodes 46 3.3.3 IGZO Schottky Diodes 49 3.3.4 Ga2O3 Schottky Diodes 51 3.4 Metal–Insulator–Semiconductor Diodes 52 3.4.1 MIS Schottky Diodes 53 3.4.2 MIS Tunneling Diodes 56 3.4.3 Applications 57 3.5 Self-Switching Diodes 59 4 Metal Oxide Semiconductors for Transistors 67 4.1 Introduction 67 4.2 Device Structures and Mechanisms 68 4.3 N-Type TFTs 72 4.3.1 History Overview 72 4.3.2 Composition 74 4.3.3 Low Power Consumption 76 4.3.4 Stability 81 4.3.5 Solution-Based TFTs 84 4.4 P-Type TFTs 89 4.4.1 Copper Oxides 89 4.4.2 Tin Monoxide 92 4.4.3 Nickel Oxide 96 4.5 Circuit Applications 98 4.5.1 Oxide NMOS/PMOS 98 4.5.2 Oxide CMOS 101 5 Metal Oxide Semiconductors for Sensors 115 5.1 Introduction 115 5.2 Metal Oxide-Based Gas Sensors 115 5.2.1 Mechanisms of Gas Sensors 116 5.2.2 VOCs Detection 125 5.2.3 Environmental Pollution Gas Detection 131 5.2.4 Humidity Detection 139 5.2.5 Explosives Detection 141 5.2.6 ChemicalWarfare Agent Detection 146 5.3 Metal Oxide-Based Pressure Sensors 148 5.3.1 Working Mechanisms and Performance Characterizations 148 5.3.2 ZnO-Based Pressure Sensors 151 5.3.3 Other Pressure Sensors 152 5.4 Metal Oxide-Based pH Sensors 153 5.4.1 Working Mechanisms and Performance Characterizations 153 5.4.2 Potentiometric PH Sensors 154 5.4.3 Ion-Sensitive Field-Effect Transistor PH Sensors 155 5.4.4 Chemiresistive/Conductimetric pH Sensors 156 6 Metal Oxide Semiconductors for Solar Cells 171 6.1 Introduction 171 6.2 Solar Cell Principles 172 6.3 Metal Oxide Solar Cells 173 6.3.1 Cu2O Solar Cells 173 6.3.2 CuO Solar Cells 179 6.3.3 Co3O4 Solar Cells 180 6.4 Metal Oxide Functional Layers in Solar Cells 181 6.4.1 Metal Oxide Photoelectrodes in DSSCs 181 6.4.1.1 TiO2 Electrodes 183 6.4.1.2 ZnO Electrodes 186 6.4.1.3 Nb2O5 Electrodes 189 6.4.2 Metal Oxide Carrier Transport Layers in Perovskite Solar Cells 191 6.4.2.1 TiO2 ETLs 193 6.4.2.2 SnO2 ETLs 194 6.4.2.3 ZnO ETLs 195 6.4.2.4 MOs HTLs 197 7 Metal Oxide Semiconductors for Ultraviolet Photodetectors 211 7.1 Introduction 211 7.2 Device Structures of UV Photodetectors 212 7.2.1 Photoconductors 212 7.2.2 Schottky Photodiodes 214 7.2.3 MSM Photodetectors 214 7.2.4 p-(i)-n Photodiodes 215 7.2.5 Avalanche Photodiodes 216 7.2.6 Phototransistors 216 7.3 Important Parameters of UV Photodetectors 217 7.4 Materials and Performance of UV Photodetectors 218 7.4.1 ZnO-Based UV Photodetectors 218 7.4.2 Ga2O3-Based UV Photodetectors 222 7.4.3 TiO2-Based UV Photodetectors 228 7.4.4 WO3-Based UV Photodetectors 231 7.4.5 SnO2-Based UV Photodetectors 232 7.4.6 Other Metal-Oxide UV Photodetectors 234 7.5 Conclusion and Outlooks 237 8 Metal Oxide Semiconductors for Memory Applications 245 8.1 Introduction 245 8.2 Resistive Random-Access Memory 245 8.2.1 Resistive Switching Mechanisms 246 8.2.2 Performance Characterization 248 8.2.3 Representative Devices 249 8.3 Transistor-Structured Memory Devices 254 8.3.1 Working Mechanisms 254 8.3.2 Representative Devices 256 8.4 Other Memory Devices 262 References 267 Index 273

Read more less

Book SynopsisPerovskite Light Emitting Diodes An introduction to revolutionary display technology Perovskite Light Emitting Diodes, commonly referred to as Pe-LEDs, leverage a perovskite nanocrystal core to engender a luminous and efficient diode, holding the potential to bring about a paradigm shift in the realm of display technology. In recent times, Pe-LEDs have garnered substantial industrial interest due to their intrinsic capability to exhibit a diverse array of colors with exceptional fidelity, their operation at low voltage thresholds, and their straightforward structural composition. The prospective implications for enabling cost-effective, heightened-performance flat-panel displays as well as flexible display solutions remain notably profound. Perovskite Light Emitting Diodes: Materials and Devices presents a comprehensive and insightful overview of these diodes and their multifaceted applications. Commencing with an incisive exploration of the historical trajectory of this technology, alongside a delineation of its foundational materials and intricate device architectures, this compendium provides a gateway into both contemporaneous state-of-the-art deployments and the vanguard of ongoing research endeavors directed towards charting future advancements. Perovskite Light Emitting Diodes readers will also find: Stability analysis for different Pe-LED devices, a key aspect of creating physical displays Authorship by an established expert in organic electronics Detailed discussion of perovskite preparation methods including ultrasonic, solvent heat, thermal injection, and many more Perovskite Light Emitting Diodes is ideal for materials scientists, electrical engineers, solid state chemists, solid state physicists, inorganic chemists, and any researchers or engineers working with display technology.Table of ContentsPreface xi 1 Structure and Physical Properties of Metal Halide Perovskites 1 1.1 Crystal Structure of Perovskite Materials 1 1.2 Exciton Effects in Perovskite Materials 2 1.2.1 Definition of an Exciton 2 1.2.2 Self-Trapping Excitons in Perovskite Materials 3 1.3 Size Effect of Perovskite Materials 5 1.4 Luminescence Properties of Perovskite Materials 7 1.4.1 Photon Generation in Perovskite Materials 8 1.4.2 Photophysical Processes and Efficiency Calculations of Perovskite Luminescence 10 1.4.3 Non-radiative Combination Mechanisms at Surfaces and Interfaces 13 1.5 Factors Influencing the Efficiency of Perovskite Light Emitting Diodes 16 1.5.1 Device Structure of the Perovskite Light Emitting Diode 16 1.5.2 Physical Parameters of Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes 18 1.5.3 Device Performance Development of Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes 20 1.6 Summary 23 2 Synthesis and Preparation of Perovskite Materials 35 2.1 Introduction 35 2.2 Perovskite Materials Structures 36 2.2.1 3D Halide Perovskite Materials for Light-Emitting Diodes 36 2.2.2 Layered Halide Perovskite Materials 36 2.2.3 Halide Perovskite Quantum Dots/Nanocrystals 40 2.2.4 Commercial Prospects of Perovskite Materials 43 2.3 Preparation of Perovskite Nanomaterials 46 2.3.1 Mechanochemical Method 46 2.3.2 Ultrasonic Method 47 2.3.3 Microwave Method 49 2.3.4 Solvent Heat Method 50 2.3.5 Thermal Injection Method 51 2.3.6 Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation 60 2.3.7 Ion Exchange Method 67 2.3.8 Laser Etching Method 68 2.4 Processing Technology for Large-Area Perovskite Films 69 2.4.1 Spin Coating Method 69 2.4.2 Vacuum Thermal Vapor Deposition Method 70 2.4.3 Printing Method 71 2.4.4 Vapor -Phase Deposition Method 71 2.4.5 Spraying Method 74 2.4.6 Template Method 75 2.4.7 Non-Template Method 75 2.5 Conclusion and Outlook 76 3 Near-Infrared Perovskite Light-Emitting Devices 83 3.1 Introduction 83 3.2 Progress in Near-Infrared Perovskite Luminescence Materials 84 3.3 Near-Infrared Perovskite Luminescent Materials 86 3.3.1 Methylamine Lead Iodide (MAPbI3) 86 3.3.2 NIR-Emitting Materials Based on Perovskite 88 3.4 Strategies to Improve the Performance of NIR Perovskite Devices 90 3.4.1 NIR Perovskite Material Optimization 91 3.4.1.1 Near-InfraredWavelength Adjustment 91 3.4.1.2 Multiple QuantumWell Structure 94 3.4.1.3 Molecular Passivation 95 3.4.2 Device Structure Optimization 96 3.5 Conclusion and Outlook 98 4 Perovskite Red Light-Emitting Materials and Devices 103 4.1 The Development History of Perovskite Red Light-Emitting Diodes 103 4.2 Red Emission Perovskite Materials 105 4.2.1 Typical Red Emission Perovskite Material CsPbI3 105 4.2.2 Other Red Emission Perovskite Materials 107 4.2.2.1 Other ABX3 and Hybridized ABX3-Type Materials 107 4.2.2.2 Double Perovskite 110 4.2.3 Red Emission Perovskite Synthesis 111 4.2.3.1 Synthesis of Nanocrystals 111 4.2.3.2 Synthesis of Quasi-Two-Dimensional Films 112 4.2.4 Optimization Strategies of Red Perovskite Materials 113 4.2.4.1 Doping 113 4.2.4.2 Surface Passivation 114 4.2.4.3 Multiple QuantumWell Structure 115 4.2.4.4 Ligand Engineering 116 4.2.4.5 Additive Engineering 117 4.3 Perovskite Red Light-Emitting Diodes 117 4.3.1 Device Structure and Common Materials for Each Functional Layer 117 4.3.2 Device Optimization Strategy 118 4.3.2.1 Energy Level Regulation 119 4.3.2.2 Light Extraction Technology 119 4.3.2.3 Interface Treatment Method 119 4.4 Conclusion and Outlook 120 5 Perovskite Green Light-Emitting Materials and Devices 129 5.1 History of Green Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes 129 5.2 Green Light Perovskite Materials 132 5.2.1 Pure Inorganic Perovskite Materials 134 5.2.2 Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Materials 136 5.2.3 Synthesis of Perovskite Green Light-Emitting Materials 137 5.3 Development of Green Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes 140 5.3.1 Structure of Green Perovskite Light-Emitting Diode Devices 140 5.3.2 Quantum Dot Green Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes 141 5.3.3 Nanocrystalline Green Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes 142 5.3.4 Quasi-2D Ruddlesden–Popper Green Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes 146 5.4 Factors Affecting the External Quantum Efficiency of Perovskite Green Light-Emitting Diodes 146 5.4.1 Aspects of Materials 146 5.4.2 Aspects of the Device Structure 147 5.5 Strategies for Improving the External Quantum Efficiency of Green Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes 147 5.5.1 Ligand Engineering 147 5.5.2 Crystal Engineering 150 5.5.3 Surface Engineering 151 5.5.4 Passivation Engineering 153 5.5.5 Optimization of the Device Structure 155 5.6 Other Properties of Green Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes 158 5.7 Conclusion and Outlook 161 6 Blue Perovskite Light-emitting Materials and Devices 169 6.1 Technology Development of Blue Perovskite Light-emitting Diodes 169 6.2 Blueshift Strategy 171 6.3 Perovskite Blue Light-emitting Materials 175 6.3.1 Perovskite Blue Light-emitting Materials with a Quasi-two-dimensional Structure 175 6.3.1.1 Development of New Bulky Cations 176 6.3.1.2 Mixing of Bulky Cations 181 6.3.1.3 Cationic Doping 181 6.3.2 Blue Light Perovskite Nanocrystals or Quantum Dot Materials 183 6.4 Synthesis and Use of New Long-Chain Ligands 183 6.5 Surface Modification of Nanostructures 184 6.6 Optimization of the Internal Structure 186 6.7 Process for the Preparation of Blue Light-Emitting Layers 190 6.7.1 Preparation of Three-Dimensional and Quasi-Two-Dimensional Perovskite Films 190 6.7.2 Preparation of Nano-Microcrystalline Precursors 191 6.8 Device Performance Optimization and Interface Engineering 191 6.8.1 Passivation of Film Defects 191 6.8.2 Selection and Optimization of Hole and Electron Injection Layers 192 6.8.3 Interface Engineering 193 6.9 Optimization of Device Stability 195 6.9.1 Lifetime of Perovskite Blue Light-emitting Diodes 195 6.9.2 Optimization of Efficiency Stability in Perovskite Light-emitting Diodes 196 6.9.3 Light Color Stability Optimization 198 6.10 Conclusion and Outlook 199 7 Effect of Metal Ion Doping on Perovskite Light-Emitting Materials 205 7.1 Metal Ion Doping Effect 207 7.1.1 Effect of A-site Metal Ion Doping on Perovskite Materials 208 7.1.2 Effect of B-site Metal Ion Doping on Perovskite Materials 210 7.2 Metal Ion-Doped Materials and Devices 212 7.2.1 Near-infrared Optical Perovskite Materials 212 7.2.2 Red Light Perovskite Materials 214 7.2.3 Green Light Perovskite Materials 216 7.2.4 Blue-Light Perovskite Materials 218 7.3 Metal Ion Doping Methods 220 7.3.1 Post-synthesis Ion Exchange Methods 220 7.3.2 Colloidal Synthesis Methods 221 7.3.3 The Thermal Injection Methods 223 7.3.4 High Temperature Solid-state Synthesis Methods 223 7.4 Conclusion and Outlook 224 8 Non-lead Metal Halide Perovskite Materials 231 8.1 Development History of Non-lead Blue Perovskite Materials 231 8.2 Preparation of Non-lead Metal Halide Materials 234 8.3 Types of Non-lead Metal Halide Materials 236 8.3.1 Tin-Based Perovskites Materials 236 8.3.2 Bismuth-Based Metal Halide Materials 238 8.3.3 Antimony-Based Metal Halide Materials 241 8.3.4 Copper-Based Metal Halide Materials 241 8.3.5 Europium-Based Metal Halide Materials 243 8.3.6 Bimetallic Cationic Halide Perovskites Materials 243 8.4 Methods for Optimizing the Fluorescence Quantum Efficiency of Non-lead Metal Halide Materials 247 8.4.1 Surface Passivation 247 8.4.2 Selection of Solvents and Undesirable Solvents 248 8.4.3 Doping 248 8.5 Conclusion and Outlook 251 9 Perovskite White Light-emitting Materials and Devices 255 9.1 Background ofWPeLED 255 9.2 Down-conversion Method 257 9.3 Full Electroluminescent PeLEDs 261 9.3.1 Yellow Perovskite Light-emitting Diodes 261 9.3.1.1 Zero-dimensional Sn-doped Halide Perovskites 261 9.3.1.2 2D (C18H35NH3)2SnBr4 Perovskite 263 9.3.1.3 Colloidal Undoped and Double-doped Cs2AgInCl6 Nanocrystals 263 9.3.1.4 Introducing Separated Emitting Centers 264 9.3.2 Progress in the Research of Sky-Blue Perovskite Light-emitting Diodes 266 9.4 Single White Light Perovskite Materials and Self-trapped Excitons 271 9.4.1 Single White Light Perovskite Materials 271 9.4.1.1 (110) Perovskite with Corrugated Inorganic Layers 271 9.4.1.2 (001) Perovskite with Flat Inorganic Layers 274 9.4.2 Self-trapped Excitons 274 9.5 Perovskite–Organic Coupling White PeLEDs 278 9.6 Others 281 9.7 Conclusion and Outlook 281 10 Electron and Hole Transport Materials 285 10.1 Background of Charge Transport Materials 285 10.1.1 Charge Transport of Metal Halide Perovskite Materials 286 10.1.2 Charge Transport Materials in PeLED 288 10.2 Electron Transport Materials in PeLEDs 289 10.2.1 Inorganic Oxides Electron Transport Materials 289 10.2.2 Inorganically Doped Electron Transport Materials 292 10.2.3 Organic Monolayer Electron Transport Materials 292 10.2.4 Organic Multilayer Electron Transport Materials 292 10.2.5 Doped Organic Electron Transport Materials 293 10.2.6 Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Electron Transport Materials 294 10.3 Hole Transport Materials in PeLEDs 294 10.4 Progress in the Study of Hole Transport Layers and Hole Injection Layers n Perovskite Light Emitting Diodes 295 10.4.1 PVK-Doped TPD, TCTA 296 10.4.2 PEDOT:PSS After Methanol Treatment 297 10.4.3 TB(MA) Instead of PEDOT:PSS 299 10.4.4 PSS-Doped Na 300 10.4.5 PVK-Doped NiOx 300 10.4.6 Quantum Dot Perovskite Light Emitting Diodes: PVK-Doped PTAA 300 10.4.7 PVK Blended with PBD 301 10.4.8 Double HTLs with PVK and TFB 302 10.4.9 Polyfluorenylbenzene Anion-Conjugated Polyelectrolytes with Counter Ions 303 10.5 Conclusion and Outlook 305 11 Stability of Perovskite Light-emitting Diodes 311 11.1 Sources of Instability in Metal Halide Perovskites and Perovskite Light-emitting Diodes 311 11.1.1 Intrinsic Instability of PeLEDs 312 11.1.2 Extrinsic Instability of PeLEDs 313 11.2 Analysis of the Current Stability of Perovskite Light-emitting Diodes 314 11.3 Factors Affecting Efficiency Roll-off 315 11.4 Strategies for Dealing with Efficiency Roll-off 319 11.4.1 Perovskite Structure Modulation 319 11.4.2 Hole Injection Layer Modulation 321 11.4.3 Electron Injection Layer Modulation 323 11.5 Conclusion and Outlook 326 12 Perovskite Materials for Laser Applications 331 12.1 Physics Principles of Laser 331 12.2 Perovskite Laser for Different Morphologies 335 12.2.1 Laser of Perovskite Films 335 12.2.2 Laser of Perovskite Nanowires 337 12.2.3 Laser of Perovskite Nanoplates and Microplates 339 12.2.4 Laser of Perovskite Nanocrystals or Quantum Dots 341 12.3 Conclusion and Outlook 342 References 343 Index 349

Read more less

Book SynopsisTable of ContentsContents List of Illustrations Acknowledgments Introduction: Stereo Front and Center 1. Widescreens, Headphones, and Concert Halls: Film Stereo’s Identity Crisis 2. Fantasia and Failure on a Theme by Bell Telephone 3. The Cinerama Experience 83 4. The Triple-Track Disruption and the CinemaScope Solution 5. Perspecta, Todd-AO, and the Emergence of Monocentrism 6. Dolby Stereo: The End of an Era Conclusion: Life’s the Same, Movies in Stereo Notes Bibliography Illustration Credits Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisTrade Review“The great Marion Nestle, not a person who spends a lot of time talking about herself, has written a memoir. It’s a gem" * Ruth Reichl *"[A] delight . . . [Nestle’s] prodigious writings, advocacy and public speaking on food policy, political economy and food safety were quite unexpected given [her] career trajectory. But now in 20-20 hindsight, they remain indispensable." * Forbes *"Her prose exhibits the same accessibility she strives for in her academic work . . . . In Slow Cooked, she holds nothing back as she details moments of doubt — like when the Sugar Association threatened to sue her after she published Food Politics in 2002 — with both humor and suspense. A chronicle of hard work and a public health resource, Slow Cooked is also proof that it’s never too late." * New York Times *"An engrossing and beautiful memoir—personal, generous, thoughtful, and inspiring. She calls on all academics, advocates, researchers, and practitioners to help bring about food system changes to promote public health, food equity, and sustainable diets." * Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior *"A magnificent plea for social justice against all types of discrimination and for the emancipation of women. [Nestle] teaches us great lessons on how to overcome obstacles while maintaining intellectual integrity and faith in science and public health." * American Journal of Public Health *Table of ContentsContents Introduction 1 A Long, Slow Start 2 My First Academic Job 3 Second Job: A Spousal Hire 4 Back to School 5 Working for the Feds 6 Finally, NYU 7 Joining the Food World 8 Inventing Food Studies 9 Writing Food Politics 10 The Fun Begins 11 How I Do It 12 The Books Conclusion: Some Final Thoughts Acknowledgments Notes Illustration Credits Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisHuman space journeys are awe-inspiring but risky and immensely expensive. Donald Goldsmith and Martin Rees argue that science calls for leaving space exploration to AI-guided robots, since robots range more widely and see more than any human can. Humanity’s future in space must await decisions based on results from our ever-better machines.Trade ReviewThe End of Astronauts offers exquisitely formulated arguments in support of robotic exploration in space. Along the way, Goldsmith and Rees occasionally tell us what we don’t want to know, but in the end we find ourselves compelled to agree with them. -- Neil deGrasse Tyson, author of Space Chronicles: Facing the Ultimate FrontierA must-read for anyone wishing to debate about the human future in space. With clarity, wit, and breathtaking knowledge, Goldsmith and Rees tell of the dangers never hinted at in idyllic images of human settlement. There is a more direct route to the stars and this fascinating book plots that course with powerful, reasoned argument. -- Ann Druyan, Emmy Award–winning writer, director, and producer of CosmosA delightfully lucid and succinct manifesto for reforming science policy…Evidently passionate in their conviction that robots should be the ones to boldly go where no man (or woman) has gone before, they present their case soberly and systematically, carefully evaluating counterarguments. -- Patricia Fara * Literary Review *Informs us about the full cost of human space exploration and how AI and robotic missions deserve their place in this story. It’s a terrific read and an invaluable reference in the debate of human versus robotic spaceflight. * BBC Sky at Night *Explain[s] why we should give up on manned space exploration…For anyone seriously interested in space exploration, this slaughter of impractical ideas in The End of Astronauts will be welcome. -- Simon Ings * The Times *Argue[s] that, given the vast distances and the dangers involved in space travel, it is robots, not humans, that will lead us to the stars. * New Scientist *Make[s] a convincing case that blasting humans into space has become a wasteful indulgence. Far more can be accomplished by robotic missions of scientific discovery. -- John Thornhill * Financial Times *Thought-provoking…Goldsmith and Rees make a compelling case for robotics over astronauts. -- Bruce Dorminey * Forbes *In this refreshingly no-nonsense brief, [Goldsmith and Rees] take a sharp-focused look at the hyperbolic aspirations of space enthusiasts who promote colonies on the Moon and Mars as the next great step for mankind…In the half century since the last footprint on the Moon, humans haven’t boldly gone any further, while robot explorers have been very busy. -- Laurence A. Marschall * Natural History *A provocative primer on the future of space travel. * Publishers Weekly *A readable and useful contribution to this longstanding debate. -- James B. Meigs * Wall Street Journal *Martin Rees has always thought outside the box, and now he and Donald Goldsmith are thinking outside the boundaries of Earth. Just the way a telescope can let us see across a vast distance without leaving where we are, they show how modern machines and machine learning will take us across the solar system without having to phone home. -- Alan Alda, actor, author, and advocate for science communication[A] thought-provoking vision of the coming decades in space exploration. -- Andrew Robinson * Physics World *One big advantage of crewed space missions is the human intelligence embodied by the astronauts—but does this benefit outweigh the costs? How far are robots from catching up to human capabilities in space? These are the sorts of questions that astrophysicists Donald Goldsmith and Martin Rees ask in The End of Astronauts, examining the pros and cons of proposals for human exploration in the Solar System. * Nature Astronomy *What is so interesting about this book is how it constructs or deconstructs, depending on your view, the evidence for continuing the process of sending astronauts into space…It is exceptionally well written and cleverly split into well thought out chapters. It most importantly provides evidence without siding one way or the other. * Physics Education *Is there a balance to be struck between our species’ obsession with space and the constraints, dangers, and cost of human exploration? This utterly fascinating yet soberly realistic examination lays out our options for how to explore the solar system in the coming decades. -- Jim Al-Khalili, author of The World According to PhysicsA thoughtful, clear, and informed opinion on how space science and space exploration should be conducted in the future. Goldsmith and Rees treat the question of whether there will still be a role for humans in crewed spacecraft thoroughly and methodically, and the result is a fascinating read. -- Mario Livio, author of Galileo and the Science DeniersA boom in space tourism may loft more people into the heavens than ever before. But robotic probes powered by artificial intelligence are already more capable—and improving fast. Donald Goldsmith’s excellent writing draws on deep insights from renowned astrophysicist and futurist Martin Rees, making this the most thoughtful, provocative book yet about humanity’s future in space. -- Nathan Myhrvold, Founder and CEO, Intellectual Ventures, and former Chief Technology Officer, MicrosoftMeticulous and vivid. Goldsmith and Rees paint a striking picture of the future of space exploration, one that might surprise you! -- Jaan Tallinn, cofounder of the Centre for the Study of Existential Risk and the Future of Life InstituteA provoking argument for space exploration sans astronauts…A tour de force of well-written, compelling rationales. The authors believe that beyond low-Earth orbit, space exploration should proceed without humans. -- Leonard David * Inside Outer Space *Imagines a future where frugal humans can have their cosmic cake and eat it too—as long as they don't mind robot bakers…The book's main argument is convincing. Robots offer more bang for the buck, not just because they cost less but also because they can do a lot. If, eventually, robots are able to do nearly everything astronauts currently can, sending people into space may well become pure vanity. -- Mike Riggs * Reason *

Read more less

Book SynopsisTrade Review"Finalist for the Turku Book Prize, European Society for Environmental History""Honorable Mention for the DAAD/GSA Prize for the Best Book in History / Social Sciences""An excellent guide to historical plans to remake specific landscapes and influence the world's climate."---B. Lieberman, Choice"Exemplary analysis of imperial and fascist European visions for transforming deserts into climatically appealing landscapes and seascapes for colonial settlement."---Christine Keiner, H-Environment

Read more less

Book SynopsisTrade Review"[A] treat . . . I think that students studying this material would not only find Paul’s treatments easy to follow, but would benefit greatly by learning something of the history that surrounds the development of the analysis and applications of the heat equation."---Jim Stein, New Books in Mathematics"Nahin knows how to write a book mixing physics and (a lot of) mathematics and (still) make it readable."---Adhemar Bultheel, European Mathematical Society"Hot Molecules, Cold Electrons has provided me with a new perspective on what I thought to be a rather tedious topic. . . . I would recommend it to anyone who wants to work out their maths muscles and learn something along the way."---Louis Ammon, Chemistry World

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book Synopsis"One of the ten best horticultural books of the century."—The Washington PostTrade ReviewOne of the ten best horticultural books of the century. * Washington Post *A truly superior reference work returns new and improved, with both form and content reflecting advances in knowledge. The high praise that met the 1987 release of this book's first edition—one reviewer called it one of the 'ten best horticultural books of the century'—seems equally deserved for the second edition. 'Diseases' describes 470 afflictions affecting more than 300 species and occurring in the temperate regions of the United States and Canada; another 50 chemical, physical, or unknown agents are also portrayed. This is a diagnostic manual, and as such, discussion of control measures is negligible. Far from resting on their laurels, Sinclair and Lyon have made some key improvements to their work. Perhaps the most striking of these are the book's distinctly sharper, digitally optimized images, more than 2000 of them in color. Those who teach (or study) the subject may appreciate Sinclair and Lyon's tweaks to the preliminary apparatus in the new edition, changes that help make a prodigious amount of technical information a little more intelligible. Fairly easy diagnostic reference is made possible with an index that lists both the scientific (genus judiciously boldfaced) and common names of plants. Bottom Line: This book will continue to be the standard reference for those who deal with tree and shrub pathology professionally, but gardeners with problems will find it just as indispensable. (Amateurs, of course, might do just as well examining the pictures.) An essential purchase for special horticultural, academic, and large public collections. * Library Journal (starred review) *Diseases of Trees and Shrubs is by far the best book currently available for the horticulturist, arborist, or forester who wishes to identify disorders of forest and shade trees and woody ornamentals. * The Public Garden *It is well written and it is illustrated with photographs of such high quality that in this respect it could be described as a 'coffee table' book of forest pathology. * Forestry *This book is a remarkable contribution to the literature on tree pathology, providing a valuable source of reference on tree disease for all with an interest in the subject. It must surely be almost obligatory reading for the specialist tree pathologist, and will prove of great value to all tree care professionals. It will fascinate any tree lovers who wish to find out more about the diseases and disorders that may afflict trees. * Arboricultural Journal *The book arrives at a time of biological globalization and environmental change bearing the high risk of new pathogen introductions and emerging diseases. It is therefore indispensible also for forest pathologists outside of North America. The main emphasis of the book is on infectious disease, but nutrient deficiencies, damages by heat, drought and freezing, sides effects of pesticides and damages by air pollution are also included. This book is of the highest possible quality and it is a really magnificent resource for anybody who is facing the challenge of tree disease diagnosis. Moreover, the book is a celebration of biodiversity associated with woody plants as well as an aesthetic enjoyment. * Forest Pathology *This is an absolute 'must have' for all professional tree people. A complete and thorough revision of the 1987 classic, it contains more than 2,000 digitally optimized color images of all important diseases of trees and woody ornamentals of the US and Canada. Having used the original book as a disease bible a gazillion times, this reviewer was amazed to discover that the authors could make such substantial improvements. Most of the color plates are completely new sets of photos, and they are of the highest quality. Important new diseases that have come onto the scene in the last 20 years, such as dogwood anthracnose, have been added. The authors have introduced a number of new microscopic figures to help in the positive identification of various pathogens. As in the first volume, the authors do a wonderfully thorough job with the descriptive information presented for diseases. This reference classic should be part of the library of every plant health care specialist, forester, horticulturist, and student in the field. Essential. * Choice *Table of ContentsContents About this book How to use this book Dedication and acknowledgmentsDiseases caused by fungi Overview of fungal diseases of woody plants Diseases caused by Ascomycota Foliar diseases Taphrina diseases: leaf curls and blisters, bladder plum, witches'-brooms Powdery mildews Witches'-broom of hackberry and black witches'-broom of serviceberry Dark fungi on plants: sooty molds, black mildews, and others Spot anthracnoses and scabs caused by Elsinoe and Sphaceloma Diseases caused by Mycosphaerella species and related anamorphs Overview Leaf spots of ash, walnut, citrus, rose, mountain-ash, sycamore Septoria diseases of poplar and other plants Brown spot needle blight of pines Dothistroma needle blight of pines Stigmina leaf spot of palms Mycosphaerella leaf spot of Yucca Blights and leaf spots caused by fungi of the Cercospora complex "Cercospora" blights of Cupressaceae Some "Cercospora" leaf spots Linden leaf blotch, and leaf spots caused by Coniothyrium, Microsphaeropsis, Sonderhenia, and "Hendersonia" Ascochyta blight of lilac Leaf spots and blotches caused by Cuignardia and Phyllosticta Diseases caused by Cuignardia species: leaf blotch of horse-chestnut and buckeye, leaf spot of Boston ivy, black rot of grapevine Phyllosticta leaf spots and blotches of dogwood, hazelnut, witch-hazel, maples Tubakia leaf spot of oaks and other trees and fly-speck leaf spot of Vaccinium Needle blights and needle casts of conifers Lophodermium needle casts Ploioderma needle casts of pines Canavirgella and Davisomycella needle casts of pines Elytroderma needle casts of pines Lonhodermella and Cvclaneusma needle casts of pines Rhizosphaera and Isthmiella needle casts Rhabdocline and Swiss needle casts of Douglas-fir Meria needle blight of larch and Didymascella leaf blight of cedar Snow blights Brown felt blights Tar spots Ink spot leaf blight of aspen and poplar Ovulinia petal blight of Rhododendron and Ciborinia flower blight of Camellia Botrytis blight Cristulariella leaf spots Brown rot of stone fruits Entomosporium leaf spot of Maloideae Black spot of rose and Blumeriella leaf spot of cherry and plum Marssonina spots and blights Leaf spots and blights of aspen and poplar Anthracnoses of birch and bittersweet Alternaria blights and leaf spots Shoot blights and twig diebacks Scab diseases caused by Venturia species Apple scab Scabs of firethorn, loquat, and toyon Venturia leaf and shoot blights of aspen and poplar Scab and black canker of willow and Venturia leaf blotch of maple Bronze leaf disease of aspen and poplar and Linospora leaf blight of balsam poplars Anthracnoses Anthracnose overview and black spot of elm Ash anthracnose Oak anthracnose Sycamore anthracnose Walnut anthracnose and Gnomonia leaf spots of hickory and pecan Doewood anthracnose Anthracnoses of birch, filbert, and redbud Anthracnoses and Didymosporina leaf soot of maples Cankers and diebacks Hornbeam anthracnose Anthracnoses and diebacks caused by Clomerella and Colletotrichum Butternut canker Sirococcus blight of conifers Ceratocystis cankers Diseases caused by Botryophaeria and allied fungi Botryosphaeria cankers and diebacks Cankers, dieback, and leaf blight caused by B. dolliidea and B. Ribis Cankers and dieback caused by: B. stevensii and Diplodia quercina B. queicuum and related fungi on oak B. obtuse B. rhodina Diplodia (Spiiaeropsis) blight of pines and other conifers Sphaeropsis canker and dieback of elm Sphaeropsis knot and Dipiodia gall Melanconis diebacks and sooty canker Diseases caused by Diaportlx and Phomopsis species Diaporthc and Phomopsis cankers and cliebacks Overview Phomopsis canker of Russian-olive Diseases of Rhododendron Phomopsis cankers of almond and peach Diseases associated with the Diaporihe eres complex Phomopsis dieback of poplar Diaporthe canker and dieback of sycamore Phomopsis dieback of weeping figOther cankers and diebacks caused by Diaporthe and Plioniopsis Diaporthe and Phomousis cankers of conifers Phomopsis, Kabatina. and Scleronlioma blights of juniper and other gymnosperms Stem galls Phomopsis sails Phomopsis canker of Cardenici and Nectriella gall of ornamental plants Black knot of Prunus Cankers and diebacks, continued Cryptodiaporthe cankers Cryptodiaporthe canker of poplar Cryptodiaporthe canker of willow Golden canker of alternate-leaf clogwood Eastern filbert blight Chestnut blight Chrysoporthe canker of Eucalyptus Endothia canker Leucostoma and Valsa cankers Overview Valsa cankers and diebacks of conifers Leucostoma canker of spruce and other conifers Leucostoma cankers of Pruniis Leucostoma and Valsa cankers of poplar and willow Valsa cankers of maple Cryptosporiopsis canker of red maple Nectria cankers and diebacks Coral-spot Nectria canker Tubercularia canker and dieback Thyronectria canker of honeylocust Perennial Nectria canker Beech bark disease Fusarium cankers Cankers caused by Fusarium solani or F. Iateritium Pitch canker of pines Pestalotiopsis spots, blights, and diebacks Sciridium cankers of cypress Cryptosphaeria canker of aspen Eutypella canker of maples Cankers and diebacks caused by Xylariaccous fungi Entoleuca (Hypoxylon) canker of aspen Biscogniauxia cankers and diebacks Biscogniauxia (Hypoxylon) diebacks of oaks Blister canker Camillea- and Hypoxylon-associated cankers and diebacks Basal canker and butt rot caused by Kretzschmaria deusta Cankers and diebacks caused by discomycetes Sooty-bark canker of aspen and poplar Ceningium dieback of pines Scleroderris canker of conifers Atropellis cankers of pines Lachnellula cankers of conifers and Strumella canker of hardwoods Root diseases Charcoal root rot and Fusarium root rots Root rots and blights caused by Cylindrocladium and Cylindrocladiclla Phymatotrichum and Thiclaviopsis root rots Xylaria and Rosellinia root rots Rhizina root rot and southern blight Procerum root disease of pines Systemic fungal diseases Black stain root disease of conifers Ceratocystis cankers Ceratocystis cankers of Populus and Prunus Canker-stain of planetree and sycamore Sapstreak disease and bluestain Oak wilt Dutch elm disease Verticillium wilt Persimmon wilt Fusarium wiltsDiseases caused by Basidiomycota Foliar diseases Exobasidium galls and blisters Articularia and Microstroma leaf spots and witches'-brooms Insolibasidium blight of honeysuckle and false smut of palms Diseases caused by Rhizoctonia-forming fungi Rusts Overview of rusts Phragmidiurn rusts Gymnosporangium rusts Overview Cedar-apple rust Hawthorn rust Quince rust Juniper broom rust Broom rust of incense-cedar and rust galls on south-western junipers Medlar rust Additional Gymnosporangium rusts Puccinia and Cumminsiella rusts Ash rust Cluster-cup rust of currant and gooseberry Crown rust of buckthorn Rusts on Berberis and Mahonia Fig rust and birch rust Pucciniastrum and allied rusts Hemlock-hydrangea rust Hemlock-blueberry rusts Fir-fireweed and fuschia rusts Fir-blueberry rust Other Pucciniastrum and Thekopsora rusts in North America Fir-fern rusts Broom rust of fir Melampsora rusts Poplar rusts Willow rusts Chrysomyxa rusts of spruce Needle rusts of pines Stem and cone rusts of pines Overview of North American Cronartium rusts White pine blister rust Fusiform rust and pine-oak gall rusts Sweetfern blister rust Stalactiform and Comandra blister rusts Limb rusts and cone rusts Western gall rust Trunk and limb rots of hardwoods Overview of wood types and decay processes Representative decay fungi: Stereum gausapatum, Hericium erinaceus, Phellinus species, Climacodon septentrionalis, Bjerkandera adusta, Fomes fomentarius, Globifomes graveolens, Perenniporia fraxinophila, Oxyporus populinus, Trametes versicolor, Polyporus squamosus, Laetiporus species, Piptoporus betulinus Canker-rots of hardwoods Spiculosa canker Canker rots of birch Hispidus canker, heart rot and canker-rot caused by Inonotus andersonii, canker-rot caused by Inonotus glomeratus Sapwood rot and cankers caused by Cerrena unicolor and Schizophyllum commune Sapwood decay and silverleaf caused by Chondrostereum purpureum Trunk rots and canker-rots of conifers Heart rots caused by Fomitoosis pinicola and Echinodontium tinctorium Heart rot caused by Phellinus pini and canker rot caused by P. cancriformans Root diseases Southern blight Rhizoctonia diseases Armillaria root rots Mushroom root rot Root and butt rots caused by Heterobasidion species Red root and bun rot of conifers Brown root and butt rot of conifers Laminated root rots of conifers Root and butt rots caused by Inonotus dryadeus and Oxyporus latemareinatus Ganoderma root and butt rots and trunk decay Overview Root and bun rot of palms Diseases of woody dicots caused by laccate Ganodermas Ganodermas on conifers Diseases caused by Ganoderma applanaturn and related fungiDiseases caused by Oomycota Overview of Oomycctes Downy mildews Diseases caused by Phytophthora species Overview Shoot blights, diebacks, and fruit rots Cankers, collar and crown rots, foot rots, and root rots Diseases caused by Phytoplithora rarnorum Collar, crown, and foot rots Root rots and feeder root necroses Root and crown rot of Port Orford cedar Diseases caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi Other Phytophthora root rotsBacterial diseases Overview Leaf spots, blights, and cankers Diseases caused by Pseudomonas species Diseases caused by Xanthomonas species: citrus canker, bacterial spot of Prunus, bacterial blight of walnut, and others Fire blight Bleeding bacterial cankers Bacterial galls of olive, oleander, and ash Crown gall Wetwood, slime flux, alcoholic flux Bacterial scorch diseases Overview Representative diseases: Pierce's disease of grapevine, almond leaf scorch, bacterial scorch of landscape trees and shrubs Diseases caused by mollicutes Overview Representative diseases: pear decline, Primus yellow leafroll, stubborn disease of citrus, walnut witches'-broom, bunch disease of pecan and other hickories, witches'-brooms of lilac and other plants Elm yellows Ash yellows X-disease of Prunus Lethal yellowing of palmsViral diseases Overview and plant virus diagnosis Diseases caused by nepoviruses: Prunus stem pitting, apple brown line, Forsythia yellow net, ash diseases, and others Diseases caused by carlaviruses: poplar mosaic, lilac mottle, and others Diseases caused by ilarviruses: sour cherry yellows, Prunus necrotic ringspot, apple mosaic, rose mosaic, and others Diseases associated with cucumoviruses, potyviruses, foveaviruses, varicosaviruses: leaf and flower reddening in Nandina, necrotic spots and ring mottle in Prunus, Camellia yellow mottle Diseases associated with tobamoviruses: tobacco mosaic and tomato mosaic viruses, and others Diseases associated with rhabdoviruses, necroviruses, Tobacco necrosis virus Diseases caused by virus-like agents not fully characterized Rose rosette Diseases of Rhododendron and related plants, Rhododendron necrotic ringspot Viral diseases of aspen and poplar Redbud and hibiscus diseases Apple flatlimb Viral symptoms in Acer, Cliaenorneles, Liquidambar, Liriodendron, Lonicera, Magnolia Striped chlorosis of Albizia, fig mosaic, oak viruses, viral symptoms in Bougainvillea, Celtis, Euonynius Viral diseases of conifersDiseases caused by Nematodes Overview of plant-parasitic nematodes Representative nematodes that attack roots: root knot nematodes, burrowing nematode, stunt nematodes, lesion nematodes, dagger nematodes Wilt of pines caused by pine wood nematodesPlant-pathogenic algae and plants Algal leaf spot, or green scurf North American leafy mistletoes Characteristics and habits of Phoradendron Mistletoes on angiosperms Mistletoes primarily on gymnosperms Dwarf mistletoes Overview Representative dwarf mistletoes: Arceuthobium arnericanuni, A. carnpylopodurn complcx (A. campylopodum, A, occidentale, A. laricis, A. tsugense, others), A. douglasii, A. gillii, A. vaginatum, A. pusillum Cassytha and dodder Vines that damage treesDeclines, environmental damage, and unexplained growth abnormalities Decline diseases with multiple or obscure causal factors Concepts and overview Maple decline Ash decline Birch decline, pine declines Oak decline, citrus blight Damage by environmental factors Damage by salt and other inorganic poisons Damage by misapplied pesticides Injuries and diseases caused by air pollutants Overview Damage by ozone Damage by sulfur dioxide Damage by fluorides and minor pollutant gases Mineral nutrient deficiencies Damage by drought, heat, and freezing Water shortage Heat stress Frost and freeze damage Predisposition to attack by opportunistic pathogens Damage by flooding or waterlogged soil Damage by girdling roots, hail, ice glaze, and sheet ice Lightning damage Noninfectious and unexplained growth abnormalities: fasciation, chimeras, graft union abnormalities, adventitious shoots and roots, galls, burls, witches'-broomsRestoration of sapwood and bark after injury or infection Wounds, microbial colonization, and compartmentalization Frost cracks, drought cracks, and related defects Bark formation and restorationAssociations of normal woody plants with other organisms Smooth patch, bark rot, and normal foliar shedding Symbiotic relationships of roots: mycorrhizae, nitrogen-fixing associations Epiphytes, lichens, and mossGlossary References Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book should be in the library of every student of the honey bee and bee behavior—beekeepers (both amateur and professional) as well as scientists.Trade ReviewAs a world authority on insect anatomy, Snodgrass has given us in this book a brilliant account of the anatomy of the honey bee and how it relates to the way that bees develop and how and why they function as they do in their interesting communal life. This book should be in the library of every student of the honey bee and bee behavior—beekeepers as well as scientists. The book is delightfully written and is enjoyable reading. * American Bee Journal *This is not just a technical reference book on honey bee anatomy. It is far more: it is essentially a treatise on entomology using one species as an example, and including a discussion of the fundamentals of embryology, development, and metamorphosis as well as anatomy. The subject of each chapter is approached from the broadest evolutionary point of view, and its horizon includes all the arthropods and beyond, so that the bee really typifies animal life in general. Finally, the language of the book is such that it can be read straight through with pleasure. It is a delight to follow the author through this complete examination of one insect: how it develops, how it grows, and how it operates. * Entomological News *

Read more less

Book SynopsisTo solve their design problems, engineers draw on a vast body of knowledge about how things work. Examining previously unstudied historical cases, this author shows how engineering knowledge is obtained and presents a model to help explain the growth of such knowledge.Trade Review'Must' reading for all thoughtful engineers and historians of technology, and even for those physical scientists who wonder why engineers frequently act and think differently than do basic scientists. American Scientist The biggest contribution of Vincenti's splendidly crafted book may well be that it offers us a believably human image of the engineer. Technology Review The biggest contribution of Vincenti's splendidly crafted book may well be that it offers us a believably human image of the engineer. Techology Review

Read more less

Book SynopsisSir John Cotesworth Slessor (1897-1979) was one of Great Britain's most influential airmen. He played a significant role in building the World War II Anglo-American air power partnership as an air planner on the Royal Air Force Staff, the British Chiefs of Staff, and the Combined Chiefs of Staff. He coordinated allied strategy in 1940-41, helped create an Anglo-American bomber alliance in 1942, and drafted the compromise at the Casablanca Conference that broke a deadlock in Anglo-American strategic debate. Also, Slessor was instrumental in defeating the U-boat menace as RAF Coastal Commander, and later shared responsibility for directing Allied air operations in the Mediterranean. Few aspects of the allied air effort escaped his influence: pilot training, aircraft procurement, and dissemination of operational intelligence and information all depended to a degree on Slessor. His influence on Anglo-American operational planning paved the way for a level of cooperation and combined action

Read more less

Book SynopsisMoving away from a simplified food politics that is largely land based, Elspeth Probyn looks at food politics from an ocean-centric perspective by tracing the global movement of several marine species to explore the complex and entangled relationship between humans and fish.Trade Review"Elspeth Probyn wants to eat the ocean. I want to eat her book. It is one of the most profound works I have read on the sea, and the issues with which it presents us, in the 21st century, not least because it dares to digress and move into territories that other writers and academics have hitherto neglected." -- Philip Hoare * Times Higher Education *"Eloquently written, Probyn's vivid detail brings us along her journeys following (and eating many) oysters, swimming with tuna, covertly eating endangered bluefin tuna, and tracking the history of herring quines and women's roles in fishing. . . . I learned so much about the state of our oceans, where our seafood comes from, the danger in always choosing tuna and salmon, and the role of aquaculture (which provides more than half of all seafood consumed by humans!), but most importantly, I was encouraged to think differently about what 'sustainability' means, which I think is so important as a person who works in this sphere." -- Lisa Heinze * Sustainability with Style *"From a policy perspective, where queer and poststructuralist feminisms are completely absent from the framework, Probyn’s intervention is a much needed updating of sustainability discourses and food politics. As such, her account of herring wives and fish women is an important intervention into an environmental politics that either ignores women completely or that constructs them as virtuous consumers or vulnerable victims (105)." -- Reese Simpkins * Angelaki *"Eating the Ocean is fascinating in its emphasis on the interconnections and mutual influences among humans, ocean creatures and the ocean itself." -- Carol J. Pierce Colfer * Agriculture and Human Values *"This slender but ambitious volume offers an excellent overview and discussion of contemporary social science and humanities literature and theorising about the sea and human relations to it.... This is a useful contribution and a significantly better approach than some social science literature about the sea that uses it as a metaphor without proper material engagement." -- Penny McCall Howard * The Australian Journal of Anthropology *"This book is like a breath of fresh sea air, cool, briny, and gently laced with the scent of dead things.... In my experience, students love to learn about seafood. And this book provides a unique, and exciting overview of the topic. Meanwhile, it makes meaningful change to the politics of human-fish relations, and of gender in the social sciences more generally. Readers may also find the book an accessible introduction to fisheries research in the humanities, and to more-than-human ethologies in the social sciences." -- L. G. Brown * FoodAnthropology *"Eating the Ocean is a timely and masterfully judged intervention into debates in food studies." -- Laura Colebrooke * Cultural Geographies *"Consistently thought-provoking. . . . Displaying a sophisticated grasp of recent developments in marine biology and drawing on a wide range of perspectives encompassing constructivism, postmodernism, cultural studies, and eco-feminism, Elspeth Probyn develops arguments that reveal the limitations of many simple prescriptions for managing human uses of marine resources and demonstrates the rewards to be derived from diving deeper into the complex forces that govern interactions between a variety of human actors and the physical and biological components of marine systems." -- Oran Young * Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute *"This is not a book to be skimmed. Readers will need to work their way through the various connections Probyn draws and think through how they feel about her assumptions. But they will be well rewarded for the time and thinking they invest. . . . Eating the Ocean offers a provocative perspective on how we consume the ocean and how we can do better." -- Patricia M. Clay * American Ethnologist *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments vii Introduction. Relating Fish and Humans 1 1. An Oceanic Habitus 23 2. Following Oysters, Relating Taste 49 3. Swimming with Tuna 77 4. Mermaids, Fishwives, and Herring Quines: Gendering the More-than-Human 101 5. Little Fish: Eating with the Ocean 129 Conclusion. Reeling it In 159 Notes 165 References 169 Index 183

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisSpecific Models Covered:Gasoline Models 50, 60, 70

Read more less

Book SynopsisSpecific Models Covered:Diesel Models 2150, 2155, 2255, 2350, 2355, 2355N, 2550, 2555

Read more less

Book SynopsisSpecific Models Covered:Diesel Models 2750, 2755, 2855N, 2955

Read more less

Book SynopsisProvides a comprehensive understanding of a wide range of systems and topics in electrochemistry This book offers complete coverage of electrochemical theories as they pertain to the understanding of electrochemical systems. It describes the foundations of thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, and transport phenomenaincluding the electrical potential and charged species. It also shows how to apply electrochemical principles to systems analysis and mathematical modeling. Using these tools, the reader will be able to model mathematically any system of interest and realize quantitative descriptions of the processes involved. This brand new edition of Electrochemical Systems updates all chapters while adding content on lithium battery electrolyte characterization and polymer electrolytes. It also includes a new chapter on impedance spectroscopy. Presented in 4 sections, the book covers: Thermodynamics of Electrochemical Cells, Electrode Kinetics and Other InterfTable of ContentsPreface To The Fourth Edition xv Preface To The Third Edition xvii Preface To The Second Edition xix Preface To The First Edition xxi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Definitions 2 1.2 Thermodynamics and Potential 3 1.3 Kinetics and Rates of Reaction 6 1.4 Transport 8 1.5 Concentration Overpotential and the Diffusion Potential 15 1.6 Overall Cell Potential 18 Problems 20 Notation 21 Part A Thermodynamics of Electrochemical Cells 23 2 Thermodynamics In Terms of Electrochemical Potentials 25 2.1 Phase Equilibrium 25 2.2 Chemical Potential and Electrochemical Potential 27 2.3 Definition of Some Thermodynamic Functions 30 2.4 Cell with Solution of Uniform Concentration 36 2.5 Transport Processes in Junction Regions 39 2.6 Cell with a Single Electrolyte of Varying Concentration 40 2.7 Cell with Two Electrolytes, One of Nearly Uniform Concentration 44 2.8 Cell with Two Electrolytes, Both of Varying Concentration 47 2.9 Lithium–Lithium Cell With Two Polymer Electrolytes 49 2.10 Standard Cell Potential and Activity Coefficients 50 2.11 Pressure Dependence of Activity Coefficients 58 2.12 Temperature Dependence of Cell Potentials 59 Problems 61 Notation 68 References 70 3 The Electric Potential 71 3.1 The Electrostatic Potential 71 3.2 Intermolecular Forces 74 3.3 Outer and Inner Potentials 76 3.4 Potentials of Reference Electrodes 77 3.5 The Electric Potential in Thermodynamics 78 Notation 79 References 80 4 Activity Coefficients 81 4.1 Ionic Distributions in Dilute Solutions 81 4.2 Electrical Contribution to the Free Energy 84 4.3 Shortcomings of the Debye–Hückel Model 87 4.4 Binary Solutions 89 4.5 Multicomponent Solutions 92 4.6 Measurement of Activity Coefficients 94 4.7 Weak Electrolytes 96 Problems 99 Notation 103 References 104 5 Reference Electrodes 107 5.1 Criteria for Reference Electrodes 107 5.2 Experimental Factors Affecting Selection of Reference Electrodes 109 5.3 The Hydrogen Electrode 110 5.4 The Calomel Electrode and Other Mercury–Mercurous Salt Electrodes 112 5.5 The Mercury–Mercuric Oxide Electrode 114 5.6 Silver–Silver Halide Electrodes 114 5.7 Potentials Relative to a Given Reference Electrode 116 Notation 119 References 120 6 Potentials of Cells With Junctions 121 6.1 Nernst Equation 121 6.2 Types of Liquid Junctions 122 6.3 Formulas for Liquid-Junction Potentials 123 6.4 Determination of Concentration Profiles 124 6.5 Numerical Results 124 6.6 Cells with Liquid Junction 128 6.7 Error in the Nernst Equation 129 6.8 Potentials Across Membranes 131 6.9 Charged Membranes Immersed in an Electrolytic Solution 131 Problems 135 Notation 138 References 138 Part B Electrode Kinetics and Other Interfacial Phenomena 141 7 Structure of The Electric Double Layer 143 7.1 Qualitative Description of Double Layers 143 7.2 Gibbs Adsorption Isotherm 148 7.3 The Lippmann Equation 151 7.4 The Diffuse Part of the Double Layer 155 7.5 Capacity of the Double Layer in the Absence of Specific Adsorption 160 7.6 Specific Adsorption at an Electrode–Solution Interface 161 Problems 161 Notation 164 References 165 8 Electrode Kinetics 167 8.1 Heterogeneous Electrode Reactions 167 8.2 Dependence of Current Density on Surface Overpotential 169 8.3 Models for Electrode Kinetics 170 8.4 Effect of Double-Layer Structure 185 8.5 The Oxygen Electrode 187 8.6 Methods of Measurement 192 8.7 Simultaneous Reactions 193 Problems 195 Notation 199 References 200 9 Electrokinetic Phenomena 203 9.1 Discontinuous Velocity at an Interface 203 9.2 Electro-Osmosis and the Streaming Potential 205 9.3 Electrophoresis 213 9.4 Sedimentation Potential 215 Problems 216 Notation 218 References 219 10 Electrocapillary Phenomena 221 10.1 Dynamics of Interfaces 221 10.2 Electrocapillary Motion of Mercury Drops 222 10.3 Sedimentation Potentials for Falling Mercury Drops 224 Notation 224 References 225 Part C Transport Processes In Electrolytic Solutions 227 11 Infinitely Dilute Solutions 229 11.1 Transport Laws 229 11.2 Conductivity, Diffusion Potentials, and Transference Numbers 232 11.3 Conservation of Charge 233 11.4 The Binary Electrolyte 233 11.5 Supporting Electrolyte 236 11.6 Multicomponent Diffusion by Elimination of the Electric Field 237 11.7 Mobilities and Diffusion Coefficients 238 11.8 Electroneutrality and Laplace’S Equation 240 11.9 Moderately Dilute Solutions 242 Problems 244 Notation 247 References 247 12 Concentrated Solutions 249 12.1 Transport Laws 249 12.2 The Binary Electrolyte 251 12.3 Reference Velocities 252 12.4 The Potential 253 12.5 Connection with Dilute-Solution Theory 256 12.6 Example Calculation Using Concentrated Solution Theory 257 12.7 Multicomponent Transport 259 12.8 Liquid-Junction Potentials 262 Problems 263 Notation 264 References 266 13 Thermal Effects 267 13.1 Thermal Diffusion 268 13.2 Heat Generation, Conservation, and Transfer 270 13.3 Heat Generation at an Interface 272 13.4 Thermogalvanic Cells 274 13.5 Concluding Statements 276 Problems 277 Notation 279 References 280 14 Transport Properties 283 14.1 Infinitely Dilute Solutions 283 14.2 Solutions of a Single Salt 283 14.3 Mixtures of Polymers and Salts 286 14.4 Types of Transport Properties and Their Number 295 14.5 Integral Diffusion Coefficients for Mass Transfer 296 Problem 298 Notation 298 References 299 15 Fluid Mechanics 301 15.1 Mass and Momentum Balances 301 15.2 Stress in a Newtonian Fluid 302 15.3 Boundary Conditions 303 15.4 Fluid Flow to a Rotating Disk 304 15.5 Magnitude of Electrical Forces 307 15.6 Turbulent Flow 310 15.7 Mass Transfer in Turbulent Flow 314 15.8 Dissipation Theorem for Turbulent Pipe Flow 316 Problem 318 Notation 319 References 321 Part D Current Distribution and Mass Transfer In Electrochemical Systems 323 16 Fundamental Equations 327 16.1 Transport in Dilute Solutions 327 16.2 Electrode Kinetics 328 Notation 329 17 Convective-Transport Problems 331 17.1 Simplifications for Convective Transport 331 17.2 The Rotating Disk 332 17.3 The Graetz Problem 335 17.4 The Annulus 340 17.5 Two-Dimensional Diffusion Layers in Laminar Forced Convection 344 17.6 Axisymmetric Diffusion Layers in Laminar Forced Convection 345 17.7 A Flat Plate in a Free Stream 346 17.8 Rotating Cylinders 347 17.9 Growing Mercury Drops 349 17.10 Free Convection 349 17.11 Combined Free and Forced Convection 351 17.12 Limitations of Surface Reactions 352 17.13 Binary and Concentrated Solutions 353 Problems 354 Notation 359 References 360 18 Applications of Potential Theory 365 18.1 Simplifications For Potential-Theory Problems 366 18.2 Primary Current Distribution 367 18.3 Secondary Current Distribution 370 18.4 Numerical Solution by Finite Differences 374 18.5 Principles of Cathodic Protection 375 Problems 389 Notation 396 References 397 19 Effect of Migration On Limiting Currents 399 19.1 Analysis 400 19.2 Correction Factor for Limiting Currents 402 19.3 Concentration Variation of Supporting Electrolyte 404 19.4 Role of Bisulfate Ions 409 19.5 Paradoxes with Supporting Electrolyte 413 19.6 Limiting Currents for Free Convection 417 Problems 423 Notation 424 References 426 20 Concentration Overpotential 427 20.1 Definition 427 20.2 Binary Electrolyte 429 20.3 Supporting Electrolyte 430 20.4 Calculated Values 430 Problems 431 Notation 432 References 433 21 Currents Below The Limiting Current 435 21.1 The Bulk Medium 436 21.2 The Diffusion Layers 437 21.3 Boundary Conditions and Method of Solution 438 21.4 Results for the Rotating Disk 440 Problems 444 Notation 446 References 447 22 Porous Electrodes 449 22.1 Macroscopic Description of Porous Electrodes 450 22.2 Nonuniform Reaction Rates 457 22.3 Mass Transfer 462 22.4 Battery Simulation 463 22.5 Double-Layer Charging and Adsorption 477 22.6 Flow-Through Electrochemical Reactors 478 Problems 482 Notation 484 References 486 23 Semiconductor Electrodes 489 23.1 Nature of Semiconductors 490 23.2 Electric Capacitance at the Semiconductor–Solution Interface 499 23.3 Liquid-Junction Solar Cell 502 23.4 Generalized Interfacial Kinetics 506 23.5 Additional Aspects 509 Problems 513 Notation 514 References 516 24 Impedance 517 24.1 Frequency Dispersion at a Disk Electrode 519 24.2 Modulated Flow With a Disk Electrode 522 24.3 Porous Electrodes for Batteries 526 24.4 Kramers–Kronig Relation 528 Problems 530 Notation 531 References 532 Appendix A Partial Molar Volumes 535 Appendix B Vectors and Tensors 537 Appendix C Numerical Solution of Coupled, Ordinary Differential Equations 543 Index 567

Read more less

Book SynopsisBuilding Beehives For Dummies (9781119544388) was previously published as Building Beehives For Dummies (9781118312940). While this version features a new Dummies cover and design, the content is the same as the prior release and should not be considered a new or updated product. The easy way to build your own beehives and beekeeping equipment Building Beehives For Dummiesis the follow-up book to the bestsellingBeekeeping For Dummies. It provides everything you need to learn how to build some of the world's most popular hives and beekeeping accessories. For each design the book includes a detailed materials list (what lumber, hardware and fasteners you'll need), step-by-step building instructions, and illustrative drawings that show how the components all fit together. There are over a dozen plans in all, including the traditional Langstroth hive, the eight frame garden hive, designs for elevated hive stands, the Warre hive, screened bottom board, the Kenya top-bar hive, four-frameTable of ContentsIntroduction 1 About This Book 1 Conventions Used in This Book 2 What You’re Not to Read 3 Foolish Assumptions 3 How This Book Is Organized 3 Part 1: The Buzz on Beehives 4 Part 2: The World’s Most Popular Beehive Designs 4 Part 3: Sweet Beehive Accessories 4 Part 4: The Part of Tens 5 Icons Used in This Book 5 Beyond the Book 5 Where to Go from Here 6 Part 1: The Buzz On Beehives 7 Chapter 1: Getting Sweet on Building Your Own Beehives 9 Bee-ing in the Know about Bees 10 Honeybees’ most important job: Pollination 10 The products of the honeybee 11 The main players in a beehive 12 Appreciating the Benefits of Building a Beehive Rather than Buying One 14 Have fun and feel self-satisfaction 14 Enhance your commitment to beekeeping, and better understand your bees’ home 14 Modify designs to better meet your needs 14 Enjoy better quality than store-bought kits 15 Go green and recycle 15 Make building a family affair 15 Sell your handiwork 15 Making Plans for Your Own Beehive 15 Setting Up Your Workshop 16 Assembling Tools and Materials 16 Getting a Handle on Carpentry Skills 17 Constructing Hives and Accessories 17 Chapter 2: Comb Sweet Comb: Beehive Basics 21 Knowing What Bees Need in a Hive 21 Shelter and safety 21 The ability to expand 22 Dry and well-ventilated conditions 22 A nearby source of water 22 Understanding the Anatomy of a Beehive 23 Elevated hive stand 24 Bottom board 25 Entrance reducer 25 Deep hive bodies 25 Honey super 25 Frames 26 Inner cover 27 Outer cover 27 Looking at Locale 28 Following regional laws and requirements 28 Bee-ing sweet to your neighbors 28 Picking the perfect location 29 Making a Beeline to the Hive That’s Best for Your Needs 31 A hive for learning and teaching 32 Hives for pollinating your garden 32 A hive for harvesting honey 32 Hives to match your building skills 32 Hives for selling 33 A handy table to help you decide the hive to build 33 Chapter 3: Gathering Basic Tools and Materials 35 Bee-ing Safe Before You Begin 35 Protecting yourself with safety gear 36 Following safety practices 38 Oops! Planning for emergencies 38 Talking about Tools 39 A few essential hand tools 39 The right saws and blades 42 Gadgets that are nice to have but not essential 43 Looking at Lumber 45 Choosing lumber 45 Sizing up lumber 47 Getting the scoop on plywood 48 The Buzz on Other Building Materials 49 Fixating on fasteners 49 Rifling through roofing materials 50 Selecting screening materials 51 Protecting Your Beehives with Paint and More 51 Estimating the Amounts and Costs of Materials 52 Chapter 4: Fine-Tuning Your Carpentry Skills 55 Always Adhering to the “Bee Space” 55 Measuring and Marking Lumber 56 Cutting Lumber 58 What’s Up with This Joint? 59 Butt joints 59 Rabbet cuts and dado joints 60 Finger joints 61 Working with Flashing and Wire 63 Cutting and bending metal flashing 63 Cutting and shaping wire hardware cloth 64 Assembling the Parts of Your Hive 65 Going with glue 65 Being square 65 Nailing and screwing everything together 66 Part 2: The World’s Most Popular Beehive Designs 67 Chapter 5: The Kenya Top Bar Hive 69 Vital Stats 71 Materials List 72 Cut List 72 Elevated hive stand 73 Hive body 74 Top bars 75 Ventilated roof 76 Assembling the Hive 77 Chapter 6: The Five-Frame Nuc Hive 81 Vital Stats 82 Materials List 83 Cut List 83 Bottom board 84 Hive body 85 Inner hive cover 86 Outer hive cover 88 Assembling the Hive 89 Chapter 7: The Four-Frame Observation Hive 95 Vital Stats 97 Materials List 97 Cut List 98 Hive body and top 98 Bottom board 100 Assembling the Hive 100 Chapter 8: The Warré Hive 105 Vital Stats 107 Materials List 107 Cut List 108 Hive bottom and stand 109 Hive boxes 110 Top bars 111 Quilt box 112 Ventilated roof 112 Assembling the Hive 114 Chapter 9: The British National Hive 119 Vital Stats 120 Materials List 121 Cut List 122 Floor 122 Brood chamber 124 Shallow honey supers 125 Making tricky cuts for hand and drip rails 126 Deep and shallow frames 127 Making tricky cuts for side bars 130 Making tricky cuts for top bars 130 Crown board 131 Roof 132 Assembling the Hive 134 Chapter 10: The Langstroth Hive 141 Vital Stats 142 Materials List 143 Cut List 144 Bottom board (ten-frame version) 145 Bottom board (eight-frame version) 147 Deep hive bodies (ten-frame version) 147 Deep hive bodies (eight-frame version) 149 Medium super (ten-frame version) 149 Medium super (eight-frame version) 150 Inner hive cover (ten-frame version) 151 Inner hive cover (eight-frame version) 153 Outer hive cover (ten-frame version) 153 Outer hive cover (eight-frame version) 155 Assembling the Hive 156 Part 3: Sweet Beehive Accessories 161 Chapter 11: The Frame Jig 163 Vital Stats 164 Materials List 164 Cut List 165 Assembling the Frame Jig 166 Chapter 12: The Double Screened Inner Cover 169 Vital Stats 170 Materials List 171 Cut List 171 Double screened inner cover for the ten-frame Langstroth hive 172 Double screened inner cover for the eight-frame Langstroth hive 174 Double screened inner cover for the nuc hive 175 Double screened inner cover for the British National hive 175 Assembling the Inner Cover 176 Chapter 13: The Elevated Hive Stand 179 Vital Stats 180 Materials List 180 Cut List 181 Assembling the Elevated Hive Stand 182 Chapter 14: The IPM Screened Bottom Board 185 Vital Stats 186 Materials List 187 Cut List 188 Assembling the IPM Screened Bottom Board 190 Chapter 15: The Hive-Top Feeder 193 Vital Stats 194 Materials List 195 Cut List 195 Feeder for a ten-frame Langstroth hive 196 Feeder for an eight-frame Langstroth hive 198 Assembling the Hive-Top Feeder 199 Chapter 16: The Solar Wax Melter 203 Vital Stats 204 Materials List 204 Cut List 205 Floor assembly 205 Inclined side panels 206 Glazed top assembly 207 Assembling the Solar Wax Melter 208 Chapter 17: Langstroth Frames 213 Vital Stats 214 Materials List 215 Cut List 216 Deep frames 216 Medium frames 217 Shallow frames 217 Making tricky cuts for side bars 219 Making tricky cuts for top bars 220 Assembling Langstroth Frames 222 Part 4: The Part Of Tens 225 Chapter 18: Ten (Or So) Tips for Extending the Life of Your Equipment 227 Don’t Go Cheap on Materials 227 Keep a Build Log 228 Establish an Inspection Routine 228 Prepare Your Hives for Winter 229 Do Some Spring Cleaning 229 Make Yearly Exterior Touch-Ups 230 Repair the Roof 231 Replace Rotting Wood 231 Elevate Your Hives 231 Provide Proper Ventilation 232 Guard against Bears with an Electric Fence 233 Chapter 19: Ten (Or So) Ways to Trick Out Your Hives 235 Use Decorative Handles and Embellishments 236 Add Metal Frame Rests 237 Employ Exotic Woods 238 Paint Creatively 239 Shingle the Sides 240 Add a Front Porch 241 Make Your Inner Cover Transparent 241 Cut an Observation Window in the Hive Body 242 Use Alternate Roof Materials 243 Make Architectural Alterations to Your Roof 243 Mount a Webcam to Your Hive 243 Chapter 20: Ten Fun Facts about Beehives 245 Discovering the First Recorded Depiction of a Beehive 245 Unearthing the World’s Oldest Beehives 246 Recounting a Brief History of Beehives around the Globe 246 Bee-ing the Beehive State 247 Studying Beehives in Outer Space 247 Finding the Largest Beehive in the World 248 Using Beehives for Design Inspiration 248 Creating Beehives for Bumblebees 248 Moving a Beehive without Confusing Your Bees 249 Transporting Migratory Beehives 249 Index 251

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis timely and comprehensive volume guides institutional leaders past the myths and misconceptions to the sustainable university.Trade ReviewProvides a fascinating insight into the current status of action on sustainability in the higher education sector in the USA. -- Victoria Jenkins Journal of Environmental Law In a series of case studies and examples, the authors conclude there is, ultimately, no common path to sustainability success. However, administrators and community partners can work together to find the solutions that work best for them. University BusinessTable of ContentsForewordPrefacePart I: Updating the National Conversation on Sustainability: Key Trends and ChallengesChapter 1. The Sustainable University: A Need to Move ForwardChapter 2. Promises Made and Promises Lost: A Candid Assessment of Higher Education Leadership and the Sustainability AgendaChapter 3. Trends, Skills, and Strategies to Catalyze Sustainability Across InstitutionsChapter 4. Measuring Campus Sustainability Performance: Implementing The First Sustainability Tracking, Assessment, and Rating System (STARS)Chapter 5. Institutionalizing Sustainability: Achieving Transformations From the InsideChapter 6. Sustainability: Shifting Definitions and Evolving MeaningsChapter 7. Sustainable Citizenship: The Challenge for Students and Their InstitutionsPart II: Sustainability and the Leadership Team: New Assignments Chapter 8. Sustainability and the Presidency: Five Starting PointsChapter 9. Not So Fast: A Dose of Reality about SustainabilityChapter 10. The Importance of Sustainability in the Community College SettingChapter 11. Sustainability, Leadership, and the Role of the Chief Academic OfficerPart III: Fresh Agendas for Campus Operations Chapter 12. Greening the EndowmentChapter 13. Sustainability and Higher Education Architecture: Best Practices for Institutional LeadersChapter 14. Sustainable Campus Housing: Building a Better PChapter 15. Food for Thought: Building Sustainable Food Systems and Healthy CommunitiesChapter 16. University Athletics and Sustainability: Start on the FieldPart IV: Beyond the Green Gates: Sustainability and the Institution's External PartnersChapter 17. The Impact of Sustainability on Institutional Quality Assurance and AccreditationChapter 18. Green Legal: Creating a Culture of Vigilance, Compliance, and Sustainability ThinkingPart V: The Complex Path AheadChapter 19. Conclusion: New Goals and New Challenges for Institutional LeadersNotesSelected Bibliography List of ContributorsIndex

Read more less

Book SynopsisEnergy humanities is a field of scholarship that, like medical and digital humanities before it, aims to overcome traditional boundaries between the disciplines and between academic and applied research. Responding to growing public concern about anthropogenic climate change and the unsustainability of the fuels we use to power our modern society, energy humanists highlight the essential contribution that humanistic insights and methods can make to areas of analysis once thought best left to the natural sciences. In this groundbreaking anthology, Imre Szeman and Dominic Boyer have brought together a carefully curated selection of the best and most influential work in energy humanities. Arguing that today's energy and environmental dilemmas are fundamentally problems of ethics, habits, imagination, values, institutions, belief, and power-all traditional areas of expertise of the humanities and humanistic social sciences-the essays and other pieces featured here demonstrate the scale anTrade ReviewEnergy Humanities is an ambitious and stimulating collection that will assist the reader in understanding the importance of explicitly engaging with energy across the arts, humanities and social sciences. It is equally suited for undergraduate students and advanced academics who are interested in exploring the fecundity of interdisciplinary discussion and creative critique.—Capitalism, Nature, SocialismWhile the collection serves scholars in offering an organization of a specific context that is still emerging, and will most likely keep growing in importance in the 21st century, this publication will most definitely prove useful as a way to introduce students to the questions of energy as a specific subfield of the arts, humanities and social sciences.—Center for Energy and Environmental Research in the Human SciencesExplore[s] ways of thinking and talking about the environment more creatively, aiming to circumvent our denial and despair, so that we may learn how to dwell on the things that are disappearing, and to carry on living in the world they leave behind.—Clare Saxby, Times Literary SupplementTable of ContentsAcknowledgements Introduction: Imre Szeman and Dominic Boyer, "On the Energy Humanities" Opening Image Set: Judy Natal Amy De'Ath, "Institutional Critique" Part I Energy and Modernity: Histories and FuturesSection Intro 1. Dipesh Chakrabarty, "The Climate of History: Four Theses"2. Imre Szeman, "System Failure: Oil, Futurity, and the Anticipation of Disaster" 3. David Nye, "The Great White Way"4. Pablo Neruda, "Standard Oil Co."5. Italo Calvino, "The Petrol Pump"6. Stephen Collis, "Reading Wordsworth in the Tar Sands"7. Hermann Scheer, "The Visible Hand of the Sun."8. Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway, "The Frenzy of Fossil Fuels"9. Paolo Bacigalupi, excerpt from The Windup Girl 10. Margaret Atwood, "It's Not Climate Change, It's Everything Change" Part II Energy, Power and Politics Section Intro11. Timothy Mitchell, "Carbon Democracy" 12. Dominic Boyer, "Energopower: An Introduction" 13. Jean-Francois Mouhot, "Past Connections and Present Similarities in Slave Ownership and Fossil Fuel Usage"14. Michael Watts, "Imperial Oil: The Anatomy of a Nigerian Oil Insurgency"15. John McGrath, excerpt from The Cheviot, the Stag and the Black, Black Oil16. Gabrielle Hecht, "Nuclear Ontologies"17. Gokce Gunel, "A Dark Art: Field Notes on Carbon Capture and Storage Policy Negotiations at COP 17"18. Sheena Wilson, "Gendering Oil: Tracing Western Petrosexual Relations"19. Cymene Howe, "Anthropocenic Ecoauthority: The Winds of Oaxaca."20. Pope Francis, "Global Inequality"21. Ken Saro-Wiwa, "Night Ride" Part III Energy in Philosophy: Ethics, Politics, and BeingSection Intro22. Allan Stoekl, "Bataille's Ethics"23. Joseph Masco, "Atomic Health, Or How The Bomb Altered American Notions of Death"24. Laura Watts, "The Draukie's Tale"25. Timothy Morton, "A Quake in Being"26. Martin McQuillan, "Notes Toward a Post-Carbon Philosophy"27. Roy Scranton, "Learning to Die in the Anthropocene"28. Dale Jamieson, "Ethics for the Anthropocene" 29. Claire Colebrook, "We Have Always Been Post-Anthropocene"30. Karen Pinkus, excerpt from Fuel31. Reza Negarastani, excerpt from Cyclonopedia. Part IV The Aesthetics of PetroculturesSection Intro32. Amitav Ghosh. "Petrofiction: The Oil Encounter and the Novel." 33. Patricia Yaeger, "Literature in the Ages of Wood..."34. AbdulRahman Munif, Excerpt from Cities of Salt 35. Leslie Battler, poems from Endangered Hydrocarbons36. Julia Kasdorf, poems from Shale Play37. Stephanie LeMenager, "Petro-Melancholia: The BP Blowout and the Arts of Grief"38. Jennifer Wenzel, "Petro-Magic-Realism: Toward a Political Ecology of Nigerian Literature."39. Ursula Biemann and Andrew Pendakis, "This is Not a Pipeline: On the Politico-Aesthetics of Oil"40. Adam Dickinson, excerpt from The Polymers41. Warren Cariou, "An Athabasca Story"42. Barry Lord, "The Culture of Stewardship"43. Graeme MacDonald, "The Resources of Culture." Closing Image Set: Marina Zurkow References Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn Glyphosate and the Swirl Vincanne Adams explores the chemical glyphosate—the active ingredient in Roundup and a pervasive agricultural herbicide—as a predicament of contested science and chemically saturated life. Adams traces the history of glyphosate’s invention and its multiple uses as activists, regulators, scientists, clinicians, consumers, and sick people try to determine its safety and harm. Scientific and political debates over glyphosate’s toxicity are agitated into a swirl—a condition in which certainty is continually contested, divided, and multiplied. This movement replicates the chemical’s movement in soils, foods, bodies, archives, labs, and legislative bodies, settling in some places here and in other places there, its potencies changing and altering what it touches with different scales and kinds of impact. The swirl is both an artifact of academic capitalism, activist tactics, and contested scientific facts and a way to capTrade Review"This book could be used in the disciplines of food studies, anthropology, government, environmental studies, and social justice studies. . . . Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates. Graduate students, faculty, and professionals." * Choice *"Adams’ latest book is a beautifully written, provocative foray into re-thinking the ever-swirling sources of, and possible responses to, chemical injury, urging critical scholars of toxicity to shepherd the swirl towards tangible and embodied forms of environmental justice." -- Melina Packer * Science as Culture *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments ix 1. From Blossoms 1 2. Building the Food Chemosphere 16 3. Ontological Multiplicity & Glyphosate’s Safety 37 4. Chemical Life, Clinical Encounters 51 5. The Scientific Consensus & the Counterfactual 73 6. Consensuses, Academic Capitalism & the Swirl 97 7. Glyphosate Becomes an Activist 114 8. Chemicals as Agents of Care 130 Notes 139 References 145 Index 167

Read more less

Book SynopsisDesign higher-quality embedded software from concept through production.  This book assumes basic C and microcontroller programming knowledge and is organized into three critical areas: Software Architecture and Design; Agile, DevOps, and Processes; and Development and Coding Skills.You''ll start with a basic introduction to embedded software architecture and the considerations for a successful design. The book then breaks down how to architect an RTOS-based application and explore common design patterns and building blocks. Next, you''ll review embedded software design processes such as TDD, CI/CD, modeling, and simulation that can be used to accelerate development. Finally, the book will examine how to select a microcontroller, write configurable code, coding strategies, techniques, and tools developers can''t live without. Embedded systems are typically designed using microcontrollers to build electronic systems wTable of ContentsPart 1 - Software Architecture DesignEmbedded System Design Philosophy⁃ Challenges Facing Embedded Developers⁃ Traditional Embedded Software Development⁃ The Age of Modeling, Simulation and Off-chip Development⁃ SOLID Design Principles⁃ Test Driven Development (TDD)⁃ Why Best Practices?Embedded Software Architecture Design⁃ Architect First, Code Second⁃ Architectural Layers⁃ Single vs Multicore Architectures⁃ Application Domain Decomposition⁃ Interface Design Principles⁃ Architectural LanguagesRTOS Application Design⁃ Tasks, Threads and Processes⁃ Task Decomposition Techniques⁃ Task Scheduling Algorithms⁃ Setting Task Priorities⁃ Schedule-ability using Rate Monotonic Analysis⁃ Designing Application Data Flow⁃ Producer, Consumer, Processor and Transfer MechanismsSecure Application Design⁃ Platform Security Architecture (PSA)⁃ Security through Isolation⁃ TrustZone⁃ Memory map design⁃ Memory Protection Units (MPUs)⁃ Secure boot⁃ Secure bootloaders and OTAsDesign Patterns⁃ pub / sub⁃ Rtos patterns⁃ Handling interrupts⁃ State machines⁃ Active objectsPart 2 - Development ProcessesSoftware Quality⁃ Coding Standards⁃ Code Reviews⁃ Code Metrics⁃ Code Analysis (static vs dynamic)Software Testing and Verification⁃ Integration Testing⁃ Performance Testing⁃ Regression Testing Software Verification Results⁃ Testing of executable object code⁃ Code coverage analysis⁃ Test ReportsApplication Modeling and Simulation⁃ Modeling Methodologies⁃ Simulations Role⁃ wxWidgets⁃ ExampleTest Driven Development⁃ Overview⁃ Test Harnesses⁃ Code Coverage⁃ Test DesignContinuous Integration / Continuous Deployment⁃ Process Overview⁃ Docker⁃ Jenkins⁃ Git Integrations⁃ Merge Process⁃ DeploymentPart 3 - Where the Bits hit the SiliconSelecting a Microcontroller⁃ Traditional Techniques⁃ Modern Selection Process⁃ Selection Considerations⁃ KT Matrix Design and UseCode Implementation Techniques⁃ Interfaces⁃ Command Processing⁃ Task initialization⁃ Assertions⁃ TelemetryDiagnostic and Fault Handling⁃ Design failure mode and effect analysis (DFMEA)⁃ Fault Handling Strategies⁃ Diagnostic Tasks⁃ Error Checking Code (ECC)⁃ WatchdogsApplication Optimization⁃ Models and Simulation versus Reality⁃ Scalability⁃ Maintenance⁃ Code size versus speed⁃ Compilation Settings⁃ Memory managementThe Right Tool for the Job⁃ Tracing⁃ Code Analyzers⁃ Protocol analysis⁃ Metric tools⁃ Open source versus commercial

Read more less

Book SynopsisA Simpler Life approaches the developing field of synthetic biology by focusing on the experimental and institutional lives of practitioners in two labs at Princeton University. It highlights the distance between hyped technoscience and the more plodding and entrenched aspects of academic research. Talia Dan-Cohen follows practitioners as they wrestle with experiments, attempt to publish research findings, and navigate the ins and outs of academic careers. Dan-Cohen foregrounds the practices and rationalities of these pursuits that give both researchers'' lives and synthetic life their distinctive contemporary forms. Rather than draw attention to avowed methodology, A Simpler Life investigates some of the more subtle and tectonic practices that bring knowledge, doubt, and technological intervention into new configurations. In so doing, the book sheds light on the more general conditions of contemporary academic technoscience.Trade ReviewIn her ethnographic study, conducted over a three-year period, Dan-Cohen followed two laboratories with widely differing technical and epistemological approaches working in a complex multidisciplinary and high-profile field. Observations and interviews included here catch the day-to-day action as principal investigators, post-docs, and students navigate successes and failures in the laboratory, face the challenges of publishing, and deal with the complexities of institutional politics. These accounts are both informative and entertaining. * Choice *In her ethnography of two synthetic biology laboratories at Princeton University, Dan-Cohen writes that synthetic biology is "the latest permutation in a history of mutual incursions between nature and culture, and a contested, heterogeneous, and unstable one at that * American Anthroplogist *Table of ContentsIntroduction 1. Labs, Lives, Technoscience 2. The Virtues of the Naïve View 3. Looking for Patterns 4. To the Editor 5. On the Move Epilogue

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn this richly illustrated guide, Bees of Costa Rica, leading bee experts showcase the diversity of bees in Costa Rica and the myriad ways in which they interact with flowers and people.Costa Rica is home to 117 bee genera and approximately 700 bee species. Focusing on the five bee families present in Costa Rica, the authors describe the bees'' general physical traits, foraging and mating behavior, and nest characteristics. Chapters cover the relationships between bees and other insects, profiles of plants pollinated by bees, and practical suggestions for bee conservation. With identification keys and more than 150 color photographs, Bees of Costa Rica is essential for anyone looking to learn about and protect these important pollinators in Costa Rica and beyond.Table of Contents0. Introduction 1. Bee Terminology 2. Biology of Bees 3. Profiles of Common Bee Genera in Costa Rica Family Andrenidae Family Colletidae Family Halictidae Family Megachilidae Family Apidae 4. Insects and Mites Associated with Bees 5. Relationships between Bees and Flowers 6. Profiles of Flowering Plants that Attract Bees 7. Costa Rican Crops and Bees 8. The Conservation of Bees

Read more less

Book SynopsisA revealing genealogy of image-recognition techniques and technologies Today’s most advanced neural networks and sophisticated image-analysis methods come from 1950s and ’60s Cold War culture—and many biases and ways of understanding the world from that era persist along with them. Aerial surveillance and reconnaissance shaped all of the technologies that we now refer to as computer vision, including facial recognition. The Birth of Computer Vision uncovers these histories and finds connections between the algorithms, people, and politics at the core of automating perception today.James E. Dobson reveals how new forms of computerized surveillance systems, high-tech policing, and automated decision-making systems have become entangled, functioning together as a new technological apparatus of social control. Tracing the development of a series of important computer-vision algorithms, he uncovers the ideas, worrisome military origins, and lingering goals reproduced within the code and the products based on it, examining how they became linked to one another and repurposed for domestic and commercial uses. Dobson includes analysis of the Shakey Project, which produced the first semi-autonomous robot, and the impact of student protest in the early 1970s at Stanford University, as well as recovering the computer vision–related aspects of Frank Rosenblatt’s Perceptron as the crucial link between machine learning and computer vision.Motivated by the ongoing use of these major algorithms and methods, The Birth of Computer Vision chronicles the foundations of computer vision and artificial intelligence, its major transformations, and the questionable legacy of its origins. Cover alt text: Two overlapping circles in cream and violet, with black background. Top is a printed circuit with camera eye; below a person at a 1977 computer.Trade Review"A key technology of our time, computer vision is embedded in both our professional and everyday lives in numerous ways—from helping doctors diagnose diseases to enabling organizations to obtain accurate information about remote natural disaster zones and refugee camps to allowing billions of people to capture better images with their phone cameras. Focusing on the United States from the 1950s to the 1970s, James E. Dobson offers the first book tracing the development of computer vision. Combining historical research and theoretical analysis, The Birth of Computer Vision is an invaluable contribution to the fields of media theory, software studies, and algorithm studies."—Dr. Lev Manovich, author of Cultural Analytics"In this timely and eye-opening book, James E. Dobson provides a penetrating analysis of the opportunities and challenges of facial recognition and other computer vision technology by excavating its formation from the sediment of history, tracing its connections to the military industrial complex of the Cold War, and critically examining the notable successes and failures of embryonic research efforts and prototypes."—David J. Gunkel, author of Deconstruction

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisLife in Space explores the many aspects and outcomes of NASA’s research in life sciences, a little-understood endeavor that has often been overlooked in histories of the space agency. Maura Mackowski details NASA’s work in this field from spectacular promises made during the Reagan era to the major new directions set by George W. Bush’s Vision for Space Exploration in the early twenty-first century.At the first flight of NASA’s space shuttle in 1981, hopes ran high for the shuttle program to achieve its potential of regularly transporting humans, cargo, and scientific experiments between Earth and the International Space Station. Mackowski describes different programs, projects, and policies initiated across NASA centers and headquarters in the following decades to advance research into human safety and habitation, plant and animal biology, and commercial biomaterials. Mackowski illuminates these ventures in fascinating detail by drawing on rare archival sources, oral histories, interviews, and site visits.While highlighting significant achievements and innovations such as space radiation research and the Neurolab Spacelab Mission, Mackowski reveals frustrations—lost opportunities, stagnation, and dead ends—stemming from frequent changes in presidential administrations and policies. For today’s dreams of lunar outposts or long-term spaceflight to become reality, Mackowski argues, a robust program in space life sciences is essential, and the history in this book offers lessons to help prevent leaving more expectations unfulfilled.Table of Contents List of Abbreviations and Acronyms ix Acknowledgments xv Introduction 1 1.Everyone’s a Scientist: Students, Industry, and Partners in Space 8 2. Working in the Space Environment 42 3. Safety, Science, and Operational Medicine: Shuttle and Station in the 1980s and 1990s 75 4. Science and Scientists: Peer Review, the Extended Duration Orbiter Medical Project, Neurolab, and a Station Centrifuge 108 5. Organizing in the 1980s–1990s: Ethics, Institutes, and Biological Modeling 143 6. Radiation and the Science of Risk Reduction 172 7. Design and Redesign: The Many Space Stations of NASA 193 8. The Cold War and Its Aftermath: Scientific Exchange, Social Change 214 9. More People, Less Science, Less NASA? International Participants, Centrifuge, and Nongovernmental Organizations 236 10. The Vision for Space Exploration 260 Parting Thoughts 271 Notes 275 Selected Bibliography 351 Index 359

Read more less

Book SynopsisMany people know that Tesla was a scientific genius, instrumental in developing modern electricity and communications. What, perhaps, they don’t know is that he was born during a lightning storm; spoke eight languages; and claimed to have invented a death ray that could destroy 10,000 planes from 250 miles away. This book presents an electrifying exploration of his life, work and fame, with 50 irresistible facts converted into infographics to reveal the scientist behind the science.

Read more less

Book SynopsisLlamas and alpacas are a globally expanding area of interest in the farming world, and in the UK alone now number over 50,000. As such, there is an urgent need to provide up-to-date, specific information on these animals. Kept as pets, stud animals, livestock guardians, and farmed for fibre and meat, national herds continue to grow and are an increasingly frequent presentation for large animal vets. This book provides practical, everyday veterinary advice on common conditions and surgical procedures. This new edition:- Covers basic husbandry, nutrition, examination, vaccines, analgesia, anaesthesia, dermatology, and poisons;- Expands on previous zoonotic disease coverage, as well as other key issues such as biosecurity, handling, and management of these animals;- Updates advice throughout, including changes to legislation and advances in new treatments, surgical techniques, and medicines.With medical and surgical options arranged by body system for easy reference, this book is an important tool for any veterinarian to have at their disposal. It also provides an approachable and practical resource for students of veterinary medicine and animal production.

Read more less

Book SynopsisForests cover about a third of the world's land surface area. They represent a distinct biotic community, provide a living for many millions of people, and provide fresh water to sustain communities. Forests capture part of the precipitation and pass the remainder into the soil. Some of this is then passed back to the atmosphere along with some to streams as a regulated outflow. Forest cover is generally the preferred land-use for clean water supplies, recreation, tourism, and other ecosystem benefits around the world. In many cases the value of the water exceeds the value of other forest products.The discipline "forest hydrology" was developed in the 19th and 20th Century with the aim of putting such water cycling processes into a scientific framework incorporating forest watershed management. The 21st Century has seen proliferations of new technologies that have changed society, our living environment, and this discipline. Forests are also facing unprecedented threats from land conversion, fire, drought, and the changing climate. The discipline of forest hydrology must address these issues with innovation and new ideas.The 2nd Edition of Forest Hydrology:- Presents advances of understanding of key forest hydrologic processes (particularly evapotranspiration)- Presents cutting-edge thinking and assessments in global forest hydrology, including state-of-the-art modelling and methodologies- Presents innovative findings about the impacts of forest fires on the rate of catchment formation and how past fires have led to the catchments we take for granted- Describes the latest challenges facing forest hydrology, such as increased occurrences of disturbance due to extreme precipitation and floods, drought, disease, fire, and their association with climate change- Reviews the latest perceptions of the value of forested catchments compared to alternatives such as desalination plants- Is written by an internationally renowned team of scientists, engineers, and forest managers to give a well-rounded view of the subjectThis book is essential reading for graduate students, professionals, land managers, practitioners, and researchers with a good understanding of the basic principles of hydrology and hydrologic processes.

Read more less

Book SynopsisFarm and Rural Building Conversions provides a detailed record of types of rural buildings and advice for conversion , including retention of period features where appropriate. Sympathetic conversion that ensures this record of rural life is not lost forever.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe preservation enterprise helps fashion the physical contours of memory in public space, and thus has the power to curate a multidimensional and inclusive representation of societal values and narratives. Increasingly, the field of preservation is being challenged to consider questions of social inclusion, of how multiple publics are—or are not—represented in heritage decision-making, geographies, and governance structures. Community engagement is increasingly being integrated into project-based preservation practice, but the policy toolbox has been slower to evolve. Recognizing how preservation and other land use decisions can both empower and marginalize publics compels greater reflection on preservation’s past and future and collective action beyond the project level. This requires professionals and institutions to consider systemic policy change with integrity, sensitivity, and intentionality. Bringing together a broad range of academics, historians, and practitioners, this second volume in the Issues in Preservation Policy series documents historic preservation’s progress toward inclusivity and explores further steps to be taken.

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisFor over 60 years, scientists and engineers have been trying to crack a seemingly intractable problem: how to build practical devices that exploit nuclear fusion. Access to electricity has facilitated a standard of living that was previously unimaginable, but as the world’s population grows and developing nations increasingly reap the benefits of electrification, we face a serious global problem: burning fossil fuels currently produces about eighty percent of the world's energy, but it produces a greenhouse effect that traps outgoing infrared radiation and warms the planet, risking dire environmental consequences unless we reduce our fossil fuel consumption to near zero in the coming decades. Nuclear fusion, the energy-producing process in the sun and stars, could provide the answer: if it can be successfully harnessed here on Earth, it will produce electricity with near-zero CO2 byproduct by using the nuclei in water as its main fuel. The principles behind fusion are understood, but the technology is far from being fully realized, and governments, universities, and venture capitalists are pumping vast amounts of money into many ideas, some highly speculative, that could lead to functioning fusion reactors. This book puts all of these attempts together in one place, providing clear explanations for readers who are interested in new energy technologies, including those with no formal training in science or engineering. For each of the many approaches to fusion, the reader will learn who pioneered the approach, how the concept works in plain English, how experimental tests were engineered, the future prospects, and comparison with other approaches. From long-established fusion technologies to emerging and exotic methods, the reader will learn all about the idea that could eventually constitute the single greatest engineering advance in human history.Trade Review“Moynihan contributed his expertise as a ‘fusioneer’ – with a background in fusion-related doctoral work … and, critically, his limitless enthusiasm. … ‘Fusion’s Promise’ is a book with a clear mission. … we are now starting to see the ‘promise’ of Moynihan and Bortz’s book title, thanks to a number of convergent factors.” (Nick Smith, E&T Engineering and Technology, eandt.theiet.org, July 12, 2023)Table of Contents1. Introduction: Fusion Basics.- 2. Exciting Fusion Developments.- 3. Pinches.- 4. Mirrors.- 5. Cusps.- 6. Tokamaks & Stellarators.- 7. Field Reversed Configuration.- 8. Inertial Electrostatic Confinement.- 9. Ion Beams.- 10. Plasma Cannons.- 11. Inertial Confinement Fusion.- 12. Liquid Metal.- 13. Conclusion: Achieving a Fusion-Powered Future.

Read more less

Book SynopsisI really don't think this book will ever be surpassed as the 'go-to' clinical ruminant reference for undergraduates, recent grads and vets in mixed practice who do not spend the majority of their time with farm animals.-- Neil Frame, Cert.E.P, Cert.V.A, RCVS Advanced Practitioner (Equine Practice), MRCVS (vet)Providing veterinary students with a brand-new approach to large animal medicine, this portable textbook first describes the detailed examination of each organ system achievable on the farm using technologies such as rapid ultrasound examination and radiography, illustrated via unique images and video recordings. Key points, images and video recordings then provide the ranked lists of differential diagnoses for common farm animal clinical presentations requested by veterinary students to aid their examination. The repository of over 1000 30-60 second video clips accompanying the book show the clinical presentation, diagnosis, recovery or pathology of all common disorders, accessible on the farm with a smart phone. This repository can be accessed via https://routledgetextbooks.com/textbooks/9780367612702/Packed with imagery, the text distils the essential information in a logical, easily accessible way, aiding diagnosis. Small and spiral-bound, the book offers a lifeline for veterinary students during their EMS (extra-mural studies) placements.Trade ReviewThis book is what the veterinary student dreams of having, and yet no one has produced it - before now!-- Chelsie Bailey, BSc Veterinary student, University of Bristol, and BSc Animal Behaviour & Welfare Science This book represents a detailed and innovative way to learn important livestock diseases. The ultrasound sections will be extremely beneficial to students, especially the inclusion of information regarding how to use the scanner appropriately, as well as details of normal ultrasonographic findings. Having the photographs of the ultrasound scans alongside the gross pathology also helps to make connections between the two and allows for better understanding. The videos highlighting clinical presentation and diagnostics will really help students cement their understanding of the diseases and will be useful as an aid on clinical placements and thereafter.-- Kayleigh Hanlon, Final Year Veterinary Student, University of Surrey, and BSc (Hons) Bioveterinary ScienceThis is a vital contribution to clinical understanding of veterinary work with ruminants, as well as reminding all of us of the part we can play every single day in terms of improving welfare. Even this week it has altered how an old set-in-my-ways practitioner thinks about things. The book is a readily available 'how to' on-the-spot guide: a new way of increasing understanding of how to actually function in veterinary practice for younger graduates, who are often cast into their first job with little experience. The wealth of videos and photos are the result of the recording of an enormous spectrum of conditions over a lifetime of work, and will be a life-saver for many. -- Neil Frame, Cert.E.P, Cert.V.A, RCVS Advanced Practitioner (Equine Practice), MRCVS (vet)This book is what the veterinary student dreams of having, and yet no one has produced it - before now!-- Chelsie Bailey, BSc Veterinary student, University of Bristol, and BSc Animal Behaviour & Welfare Science This book represents a detailed and innovative way to learn important livestock diseases. The ultrasound sections will be extremely beneficial to students, especially the inclusion of information regarding how to use the scanner appropriately, as well as details of normal ultrasonographic findings. Having the photographs of the ultrasound scans alongside the gross pathology also helps to make connections between the two and allows for better understanding. The videos highlighting clinical presentation and diagnostics will really help students cement their understanding of the diseases and will be useful as an aid on clinical placements and thereafter.-- Kayleigh Hanlon, Final Year Veterinary Student, University of Surrey, and BSc (Hons) Bioveterinary ScienceThis is a vital contribution to clinical understanding of veterinary work with ruminants, as well as reminding all of us of the part we can play every single day in terms of improving welfare. Even this week it has altered how an old set-in-my-ways practitioner thinks about things. The book is a readily available 'how to' on-the-spot guide: a new way of increasing understanding of how to actually function in veterinary practice for younger graduates, who are often cast into their first job with little experience. The wealth of videos and photos are the result of the recording of an enormous spectrum of conditions over a lifetime of work, and will be a life-saver for many. I really don't think it will ever be surpassed as the 'go-to' clinical ruminant reference for undergraduates, recent grads. and vets in mixed practice who do not spend the majority of their time with farm animals. It makes me wonder what I have been doing with my veterinary life! -- Neil Frame, Cert.E.P, Cert.V.A, RCVS Advanced Practitioner (Equine Practice), MRCVS (vet)The book covers a wide range of topics from livestock husbandry and general examination to specific organ systems-based diseases. Each chapter presents useful descriptions of the disease and images taken ante- and post-mortem. In addition, there are 30-60-second videos of pertinent clinical cases. Tables are used throughout to help rank presenting signs and list ancillary tests. The book is written primarily with diseases present in the U.K. The discussion of animal welfare is given emphasis in diagnosis and decision-making. -- Tessa Marshall, BVSc, MS, DABVP, University of Illinois College of Veterinary MedicineTable of ContentsIntroductionPART 1 Veterinary Involvement on FarmsChapter 1.1 Flock InspectionChapter 1.2 General examination: ToxaemiaChapter 1.3 Pain and FearChapter 1.4 Promoting veterinary services by demonstrating a benefit:costChapter 1.5 Identification of acute disease in cattleChapter 1.6 Identification of chronic illness in cattlePART 2 Examination of Organ SystemsChapter 2.1 Examination of the Reproductive SystemChapter 2.2 Examination of the Digestive SystemChapter 2.3 Examination of the Respiratory SystemChapter 2.4 Examination of the Cardiovascular System Chapter 2.5 Examination of the Nervous System Chapter 2.6 Examination of the Musculoskeletal SystemChapter 2.7 Examination of the Urinary SystemChapter 2.8 Examination of the Skin/FleeceChapter 2.9 Examination of the UdderPART 3 Clinical ProblemsChapter 3.1 Blindness Chapter 3.2 Behavioural changes Chapter 3.3 Weakness - spinal lesions Chapter 3.4 Common causes of diarrhoea Chapter 3.5 Common causes of poor appetite and low body conditionChapter 3.6 Common causes of increased abdominal content Chapter 3.7 Common causes of abortion in sheep Chapter 3.8 Common causes of dystociaChapter 3.9 Common causes of tenesmus and prolapse Chapter 3.10 Lameness Chapter 3.11 Skeletal system/fracturesChapter 3.12 Common causes of muscle lesions Chapter 3.13 Common causes of peripheral oedema, jugular distension and ascitesChapter 3.14 Veterinary investigation of perinatal mortalityChapter 3.15 Poor growth rate Chapter 3.16 Poor conception/pregnancy rate in sheepChapter 3.17 Common causes of tachypnoea and/or coughingChapter 3.18 Common causes of changes in scrotal size Chapter 3.19 Common causes of skin lesions Chapter 3.20 Common causes of facial/mandibular swellings in cattle Chapter 3.21 Common causes of subcutaneous swellings in cattleChapter 3.22 Common causes of sudden death Chapter 3.23 Udder lesions in cattleChapter 3.24 Common causes of mastitis in sheepChapter 3.25 Common causes of abnormal urination in sheepChapter 3.26 Common conditions of the penis in ramsChapter 3.27 Common causes of weakness/recumbency Chapter 3.28 Common causes of chronic weight loss/emaciation

Read more less

Book SynopsisIt is now known that we live in a galaxy with more planets than stars. The Milky Way alone encompasses 30 trillion potential home planets. Scientists, Trefil and Summers, bring readers on a marvellous experimental voyage through the possibilities of life - unlike anything we have experienced so far - that could exist on planets outside our own solar system.Life could be out there in many forms: on frozen worlds, living in liquid oceans beneath ice and communicating (and even battling) with bubbles; on super-dense planets, where they would have evolved body types capable of dealing with extreme gravity; on tidally locked planets with one side turned eternally toward a star and, even, on "rogue worlds" which have no star at all. Yet this is no fictional flight of fancy: the authors take what we know about exoplanets and life on our own world and use that data to hypothesise about how, where and which sorts of life might develop. IMAGINED LIFE is a must-have for anyone wanting to learn how the realities of our universe may turn out to be far stranger than fiction.

Read more less