Description
Book SynopsisLife in Space explores the many aspects and outcomes of NASA’s research in life sciences, a little-understood endeavor that has often been overlooked in histories of the space agency. Maura Mackowski details NASA’s work in this field from spectacular promises made during the Reagan era to the major new directions set by George W. Bush’s Vision for Space Exploration in the early twenty-first century.
At the first flight of NASA’s space shuttle in 1981, hopes ran high for the shuttle program to achieve its potential of regularly transporting humans, cargo, and scientific experiments between Earth and the International Space Station. Mackowski describes different programs, projects, and policies initiated across NASA centers and headquarters in the following decades to advance research into human safety and habitation, plant and animal biology, and commercial biomaterials. Mackowski illuminates these ventures in fascinating detail by drawing on rare archival sources, oral histories, interviews, and site visits.
While highlighting significant achievements and innovations such as space radiation research and the Neurolab Spacelab Mission, Mackowski reveals frustrations—lost opportunities, stagnation, and dead ends—stemming from frequent changes in presidential administrations and policies. For today’s dreams of lunar outposts or long-term spaceflight to become reality, Mackowski argues, a robust program in space life sciences is essential, and the history in this book offers lessons to help prevent leaving more expectations unfulfilled.
Table of Contents
- List of Abbreviations and Acronyms ix
- Acknowledgments xv
- Introduction 1
- 1.Everyone’s a Scientist: Students, Industry, and Partners in Space 8
- 2. Working in the Space Environment 42
- 3. Safety, Science, and Operational Medicine: Shuttle and Station in the 1980s and 1990s 75
- 4. Science and Scientists: Peer Review, the Extended Duration Orbiter Medical Project, Neurolab, and a Station Centrifuge 108
- 5. Organizing in the 1980s–1990s: Ethics, Institutes, and Biological Modeling 143
- 6. Radiation and the Science of Risk Reduction 172
- 7. Design and Redesign: The Many Space Stations of NASA 193
- 8. The Cold War and Its Aftermath: Scientific Exchange, Social Change 214
- 9. More People, Less Science, Less NASA? International Participants, Centrifuge, and Nongovernmental Organizations 236
- 10. The Vision for Space Exploration 260
- Parting Thoughts 271
- Notes 275
- Selected Bibliography 351
- Index 359
