Technology, Engineering & Agriculture Books

Book SynopsisThis book examines nuclear oversight, planning and safety efforts at U.S. nuclear power reactors across the United States. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), an independent federal agency headed by five commissioners, licenses commercial nuclear power reactors and regulates and oversees their safe operation and security. An NRC task force has reviewed the Fukushima Daiichi disaster in Japan and determined that the continued operation of existing U.S. nuclear power reactors and the licensing of new reactors do not pose an imminent risk to public health and safety. The disaster in Japan, caused by a tsunami, was more severe than the plant was designed to withstand, and has raised questions about whether a similar event could happen here. These questions were further highlighted by natural hazards that affected the sites of several U.S. commercial nuclear power plants and their reactors in 2011, including flooding near two power plants in Nebraska, severe storms at a plant in Alabama, and an earthquake at a plant in Virginia.

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Book SynopsisThis book examines new research in carbon dioxide emissions. CO2 is emitted in a number of ways naturally through the carbon cycle and through human activities like the burning of fossil fuels. Since the Industrial Revolution in the 1700s, human activities, such as the burning of oil, coal and gas, and deforestation, have increased CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere. Topics discussed in this compilation include mitigating climate change and CO2 emissions; CO2-e emissions from best practice landfills versus compost; evaluation of the potential carbon dioxide emissions reductions from the use of CHP systems in commercial buildings; renewable energy technology sources to mitigate CO2 emissions; and allocating carbon dioxide and other emissions with exergy.

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Book SynopsisUN declared 2011 as the International Year of Forests (IYF). Many organizations and stakeholders have been involved all around the world and many issues have been discussed. This book offers a full list of all the conferences held on the theme during the IYF as well as several other case studies. Additionally, it reviews the most important organizations that seek to protect the environment and safeguard forests. It presents the policies implemented at a local, national, and international level for afforestation and against desertification. It discusses the benefits and economic advantages connected to forests, the greatest of which is their ability to mitigate climate change and regulate pollution. Topics concerning the forest are interesting and multifaceted, so this work is essentially interdisciplinary or, better, "trans-disciplinary".

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Book SynopsisThis book explores the possible economic implications of large shifts in the supply of foreign-born, hired farm labour that could result from substantial changes in U.S. immigration laws or policies. Hired labour is an important input to U.S. agricultural production, accounting for about 17 percent of variable production expenses and about 40 percent of such expenses for fruit, vegetables, and nursery products. Over the past 15 years, roughly half of the hired labourers employed in U.S. crop agriculture have lacked the immigration status needed to work legally in the United States. Thus, changes in immigration laws or policies could lead to markedly different economic outcomes in the agricultural sector and the market for hired farm labour. The same is generally true for other economic sectors that rely on large numbers of unauthorised workers.

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Book SynopsisAgriculture is one of the defining elements of a nation. This series consists of analyses on a variety of agricultural issues including (but not limited to) the developments, policies, programs, trade, trends and economics of agriculture. Topics will be seen from a U.S. perspective, but not to the exclusion of other countries particularly when the discussion has an international scope.

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Book SynopsisIn communities across the United States, people are seeking alternatives to conventional energy sources. Whether they aim to increase energy independence, hedge against rising fuel costs, cut carbon emissions, or provide jobs, people are looking to community-scale renewable energy projects for solutions. Falling costs and creative new financing models have made solar projects, including community shared solar projects, more financially feasible. "Community shared solar" is defined as a solar-electric system that provides power and/or financial benefit to multiple community members. This book provides current detail on projects designed to increase access to solar energy and to reduce up-front costs for participants.

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Book SynopsisThe Biomass Scenario Model (BSM) is a system dynamics model developed by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) as a tool to better understand the interaction of complex policies and their potential effects on the biofuel industry in the United States. This book provides a holistic understanding of the dynamics surrounding the allocation of biomass among uses that include traditional use, wood pellet exports, bio-based products and bioproducts, biopower and biofuels. Also discussed is a methodology for modeling tradeoffs between alternative uses of scarce biomass energy resources using a linear program (LP) designed to estimate concurrent biomass allocations to the transportation and electricity market sectors. The LP model is called the Biomass Allocation Model. Also discussed are the biomass allocation results of this methodology and the ethanol production and carbon mitigating potential of biomass allocations along with relevant sensitivities to significant model parameters.

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Book SynopsisElectric power engineering occupies the most dominant role in provision of the population with energy. The advantages of electric power and energy systems are universal and easily being converted into various other types of energy, easiness and cheapness of its transportation, accessibility for massive amounts of end users and practically capable to actuate directly all existing technical means. The book chapters and materials are very efficient in theoretical and application issues and are highly recommended for studying and considering in educational and research fields.

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Book SynopsisMore than 100 years ago, all-electric vehicles (EVs) held much of the U.S. car market, but their popularity waned as the interest in cars with internal combustion engines (ICEs) rose. The ICE vehicle had a longer driving range, petroleum fuel costs were declining, and the electric starter and manufacturing assembly line improved the affordability and usability of ICE vehicles. Gasoline and diesel-powered ICE vehicles dominated transportation in the 20th century. However, concerns about the environmental impacts of ICE vehicles sparked a plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) renaissance at the end of the 20th century. Today, PEVs are back and ready to compete with and complement the ubiquitous ICE technology. This book is a primer for consumers, electrical contractors, fleet managers, and public charging station hosts on plug-in vehicles.

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Book SynopsisDrought is a natural hazard with potentially significant societal, economic, and environmental consequences. Public policy issues related to drought range from how to identify and measure drought to how best to prepare for, respond to, and mitigate drought impacts, and who should bear such costs. This book provides information relevant to drought policy discussions by describing the physical causes of drought, drought history in the United States, examples of regional drought conditions, and policy challenges related to drought.

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Book SynopsisIt is believed that this is the first book to summarise the varieties, chemical components, healthy benefits and other functional applications of green tea. This book is intended for use as a reference book suitable for scientists, teachers, students and others who are interested in the interaction of tea components with human health and their application in food or other industries.

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Book SynopsisWastewater treatment represents a continuous challenge for engineers, environmental scientists and regulators. Today, an increasing number of new contaminants are being found such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and nanomaterials. In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the biological methods, technology and environmental impact of wastewater treatment processes. Topics include anaerobic membrane bioreactors for wastewater treatment; ecotoxicological approaches to assess wastewater''s environmental impact to saltwater; EBPR for wastewater treatment; innovative sequencing batch reactors for industrial wastewater treatment; PAHs in the water environment; and cationic tannins as a coagulatnt/flocculant agent.

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Book SynopsisThis book is a continuation of the book Environmental Researcher Biographical Sketches and Research Summaries which compiles biographical sketches of top professionals in the field of environmental research, as well as research summaries from a number of different focuses in this important field.

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Book SynopsisThis book is a continuation of the book Environmental Researcher Biographical Sketches and Research Summaries which compiles biographical sketches of top professionals in the field of environmental research, as well as research summaries from a number of different focuses in this important field.

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Book SynopsisThis book is a continuation of the book Environmental Researcher Biographical Sketches and Research Summaries which compiles biographical sketches of top professionals in the field of environmental research, as well as research summaries from a number of different focuses in this important field.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a comprehensive review of energy research studies from authors across the globe, including recent research in direct expansion ground source heat pumps for better heating and cooling in new buildings; potential renewable energy technologies, efficient energy systems, and energy savings techniques to reduce climate changes; sustainable energy development and the environment; non-linear finite element analysis of tubular expansion in oil wells; and super long conductive channels for energy delivery.

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Book SynopsisThis book is a continuation of the book Materials Science Researcher Biographical Sketches and Research Summaries which compiles biographical sketches of top professionals in the field of materials science research, as well as research summaries from a number of different focuses in this important field.

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Book SynopsisCerium is the most abundant of the rare earth elements, making up about 0.0046% of the Earth''s crust by weight. It is found in a number of minerals, the most important being monazite and bastnasite. Commercial applications of cerium include catalysts, additives to fuel to reduce emissions and to glass and enamels to change their colour. In this book, the authors study the molecular structure, technological applications and health effects of cerium. Topics include the synthetic and structural features of ceriopolyoxotungstates; cerium-based corrosion inhibitors; tetravalent cerium chemistry; comparative toxicity of cerium and other rare earth elements (REEs) in plant and invertebrate test systems; cerium-based catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3; cerium oxide and its reduction in composite materials under hydrogen containing atmosphere; cerium as fertiliser for soils in Russia; and the structure and reactivity of cerium IV complexes with aliphatic organic compounds.

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Book SynopsisUltrasonics has been recognised not only as a viable and dependable tool to prognosticate diseases in medical practices but also a prevailing technique in non-destructive detection and manufacturing. In this book, the authors study the theory, techniques and practical applications of ultrasonics. Topics include mechanochemical cleavage of DNA by ultrasound; using ultrasonic wave transmission and wave reflection methods to monitor the setting and hardening process of cement based materials; ultrasonic spray-pyrolysis process for materials processing; ultrasonic assisted fixed abrasive machining of hard-brittle materials; dynamics and kinetics of super-cooled liquids under ultrasonic field; mathematical model of a travelling wave ultrasonic motor; ultrasonic array image in anisotropic weld structures; and ultrasonics in machining operations.

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Book SynopsisInteractions between competitors, predators and their prey have traditionally been seen as the foundation of community structure. Parasites - long ignored in community ecology and the care necessary bio-security are now recognised to play an important role in influencing species interactions and, consequently affecting the functioning of the ecosystem. Parasitism can interact with other ecological drivers, resulting in both adverse and beneficial effects on biodiversity and ecosystem health. Species interactions involving parasites are also keys to understanding many biological invasions and emerging infectious diseases. This book bridges the gap between ecology and epidemiology community to create a comprehensive examination of how parasites and pathogens affect all aspects of ecological communities, enabling a new generation of environmentalists to include parasites as a key element in their studies may be parasites human or animal, terrestrial or aquatic environments.

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Book SynopsisIn this book, the authors gather and present current research from across the globe in the study of the properties, technological applications and health issues relating to indium. Topics discussed include the properties of indium, gallium and Ga-In alloys in confined geometry; indium as a co-catalyst in Novel Cu or Ni catalysts for reduction of biomass derived fatty acids to alcohols; reliability of indium tin oxide thin films; indium reagents for chemical transformations; indium atoms using electron and optical spectroscopy; indium sulphide-manganese ore; rare earth ions doping on the photoluminescent properties of indium hydroxide; and hydrothermal synthesis of indium tin oxide nanoparticles without chlorine contamination.

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Book SynopsisThe chemical element mercury is the only metal that is a liquid at standard temperature and pressure. It is an extremely rare element in the Earth''s crust with an average abundance of only 80 parts per billion. However, where mercury ores do occur they can by very concentrated containing up to 2.5% mercury by mass. The use of these ores, and of mercury itself, by humans has a long history mercury was found in Egyptian tombs dating from 1500 BC. This book attempts to cover recent developments and the current state-of-the-art relating to many aspects of mercury science. The contributions made by the author teams encompass diverse fields of mercury science such as the monitoring of mercury in various environmental media and the management of mercury in the earth''s ecological system. Efforts have also been made to provide detailed insights into developments in novel chemistry involving mercury and its compounds. This book''s coverage is expanded further to cover the effect of mercury on animals and plants.

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Book SynopsisPressure is building for greater passenger use of freight rail-road rights of way. Freight rail-road rights of way are owned by private, for-profit corporations, and the routes potentially most useful for passenger service are typically the busiest with freight traffic. In many cases, states or commuter rail authorities have reached agreement with freight rail-roads to share either their track or right of way. However, unlike Amtrak, which has eminent domain power over freight facilities and can appeal to a federal agency to determine the terms of its access to freight track, other would-be passenger rail operators do not have any statutory leverage when negotiating with freight rail-roads. This likely increases the price public authorities pay for access and leaves them with no apparent recourse when freight rail-roads reject their offers.

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Book SynopsisThis book describes and analyses competitive factors in Brazil affecting U.S. and Brazilian sales of agricultural goods, including grains, soy-beans, and meats, in third-country markets. It provides an overview of Brazil''s agricultural imports, exports, consumption, and production during 200611; an overview of Brazilian government programs and regulations relating to agricultural production and exports; an analysis of the growth of Brazilian agribusiness firms and their impact on global supply chains; a description of competitive factors affecting Brazil''s agricultural sector; and special focus chapters surveying the soy-bean, grains, poultry, beef, and pork sectors, with an emphasis on important third-country markets where U.S. and Brazilian exports directly compete.

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Book SynopsisMarine and freshwater biotoxins are a well-known problem in food safety, mainly for filter-feeding molluscs and for freshwater aquaculture. This is a challenging matter since, in recent years, toxic algal blooms seems to grow in frequency and duration, leading to longer closure of harvesting areas, disruption in trade, mortality in farmed fish and a growing concern in producers, consumers and health authorities. Unfortunately, in recent years toxins from far latitudes are emerging, leading to new human health problems. Research and exhaustive knowledge of a problem makes it easier to draw a scenario where the best management strategies are gathered. This book combines information related to food-borne illness associated with marine or freshwater biotoxins, the anthropogenic and environmental factors that cause the appearance of toxic episodes and all available analytical procedures for phycotoxins detection.

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Book SynopsisIn this book, the results of investigation of liquid dynamics in carbon nanotubes are presented. The analysis of liquid structures and the character of its flow plus the results of experiments show that the simulation of fluid flow for nanoscale systems should be based on the continuum hypothesis taking into account the quantised character of the liquid in the length scale of intermolecular distances. Consideration of the flow characteristics allows analogy of the behavior of the liquid in a nanotube with a flow of a viscoplastic Bingham fluid. A model of mass transfer of liquid in a nanotube is introduced. It is based on the possibility of forming an empty interlayer between the moving fluid particles and the particles of the wall of the nanotube.

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Book SynopsisNanotechnology employs knowledge from the fields of physics, chemistry, biology, materials science, health sciences, and engineering. It has immense applications in almost all the fields of science and human life. People and scientists argue that nanotechnology is likely to have a horizontal impact across an entire range of industries and great implications on human health, environment, sustainability, and national security. The impact of nanotechnology is felt by everyone. It is observed that many facets of the science are impacted and people are revisiting many research areas with a nanoview to understand how the same thing can work at the nano level. This phenomenon is revolutionizing pharmaceutical sciences, and many drugs are again being relooked at for the possibilities of delivery as a nanosystem. The objective of the present book is to address formulation and characterization properties of novel and intelligent nanoparticulate drug delivery systems (NPDDS) for effective cancer therapy.

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Book SynopsisThis book gathers the latest research from around the globe on the subject of lasers and optics research. Topics discussed include polarisation dependent effects in optical wave-guides containing bragg grating structures; bacterial cell interactions with optical fibre surfaces; passively mode-locked fibre lasers with non-linear optical loop mirrors; optical breakdown in gases induced by high-power ir co2 laser pulses and towards shaping of pulsed plane waves in the time domain via chiral sculptured thin films.

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Book SynopsisCarbon capture and sequestration (or storage), known as CCS, has attracted congressional interest as a measure for mitigating global climate change because large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted from fossil fuel use in the United States are potentially available to be captured and stored underground and prevented from reaching the atmosphere. Large, industrial sources of CO2, such as electricity-generating plants, are likely candidates for CCS because they are predominantly stationary, single-point sources. Electricity generation contributes over 40% of U.S. CO2 emissions from fossil fuels. Currently, U.S. power plants do not capture large volumes of CO2 for CCS. This book provides an overview of what CCS is, how it is supposed to work, why it has gained the interest and support of some members of Congress, and what some of the challenges are to its implementation and deployment across the United States.

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Book SynopsisFederal policymakers have long been concerned about the impact of manmade carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions on global climate change. To address these concerns, Congress has been debating a range of potential initiatives for reducing atmostpheric CO2 from U.S. sources. Legislative proposals would seek to limit U.S. CO2 emissions to specific (historical) levels through emissions caps, carbon taxes, or other regulatory mechanisms. Many of these proposals dictate or anticipate a declining long-term trajectory for annual U.S. carbon emissions. The most prominent CO2 proposals seek reductions of nationwide CO2 emissions to 1990 levels or lower by 2030. This book examines key uncertainties associated with CO2 emissions abatement measures, with a focus on available and emerging technologies, and new source review permits.

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Book SynopsisGeneral aviation (GA) is a catch-all category that includes about 54% of all civilian aviation activity within the United States and encompasses a wide range of airports, aircraft, and flight operations. Because GA plays a small but important role in the U.S. economy, improving upon GA security without unduly impeding air commerce or limiting the freedom of movement by air remains a significant challenge. While some recent high-profile breaches of GA security point to persisting vulnerabilities and limited intelligence information suggest a continued terrorist interest in using GA aircraft, it is evident that GA airports, aircraft, and operations vary considerably with regard to security risk. This book examines security assessments at select airports with a focus also on the TSA''s processing of foreign flight students and security threats.

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Book SynopsisThis book explores the developments, issues and research outlook of global agriculture. Topics discussed include the expansion of modern grocery retailing and trade in developing countries; Indonesia''s modern retail sector; the convergence in global food demand and delivery; and public agricultural research spending and future U.S. agricultural productivity growth.

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Book SynopsisIn this book, the authors present current research in the study of meat consumption and health. Topics include strategies to improve the healthy properties of meat and meat products; the nutritional value of fermented meat products; bioactive peptides derived from beef hydrolysates of Hanwoo and their bioactivities; evaluation of food additives in fresh meat preparations; the quality of dietary protein in Africa; and the microbiological quality of meat-based dishes purchased from food service establishments in Spain.

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Book SynopsisThis book examines the changes and trends in farming and farmland in the United States. Innovations in farm organisation, business arrangements, and production practices have allowed farmers to produce more with less. Fewer labour hours and less land are used today than 30 years ago, and practices such as the use of genetically engineered seeds and no-till have dampened increases in machinery, fuel, and pesticide use. Likely aided by the increased use of risk management tools such as contracts and crop insurance, U.S. agricultural productivity has increased by nearly 50 percent since 1982. Future innovations will be necessary to maintain, or boost, current productivity gains in order to meet the growing global demands that will be placed upon U.S. agriculture.

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Book SynopsisThe prevalence of childhood obesity has risen dramatically in the last several decades in the United States, and is currently considered to be epidemic. This book examines the many factors that play a role in this crisis including the effect of food and beverage prices on children''s weights; how food away from home affects children''s diet quality; the environments to which children are exposed in their daily lives (ie: schools, child care, communities) can influence the healthfulness of their diets; and the potential effects on taxing caloric sweetened beverages.

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Book SynopsisIn this book, the authors present current research in the study of the synthesis, optical properties and applications for cancer treatment of gold nanoparticles. Topics discussed include the use of gold nanoparticles in cancer treatment and biomedical applications to target tumors and provide detection, drug carriers, gene silencing and radiotherapy; gold nanoparticle fabrication by laser ablation technique and their optical and morphological study; gold nanoparticles for metabolite imaging; formation of gold nanoparticles inside the corona of amphiphilic triblock copolymer micelles; and the intracellular delivery of gold nanoparticles and their application in nanomedicine.

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Book SynopsisIn this book, the authors present current research in the study of the compounds, production and applications of platinum. Topics discussed include the structural aspects of platinum coordination complexes; the problems of geochemical antagonism between REE and PGE in mafic and ultramafic rocks and their petrogenetic significance; the synthesis of platinum complexes of cyclic phosphines and bisphosphines; platinum films YSZ with different types of grain boundaries; platinum nanoparticles and inflammation; and platinum-halide square-prism compounds and their optical features.

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Book SynopsisThis book covers leading-edge research in a cross-section of fields centring on engineering applications including current research data on applications of high power ultrasonics in materials engineering; design and realisation of drummer robots to perform a mechanical orchestra; the Wave Concept Iterative Procedure (WCIP) method''s theory and applications; ESD protection on RF transceivers; industrial products in highway construction; portable wireless handset in emergency light checking; and properties of the error-squared controller.

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Book SynopsisIt is certain that energy production and, particularly, the generation and sustained growth of electricity constitute indispensable elements for the economic and social progress of any country. Energy, undoubtedly, constitutes the motive force of civilisation and it determines, to a high degree, the level of the future economic and social development of that country. This book examines energy power in Latin America and the Caribbean and the future role of renewable and nuclear energy sources in the region''s electricity generation.

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Book SynopsisThe health risks posed by indoor pollutants have concerned scientists for many years. Because people spend a high percentage of their time indoors, and concentrations of pollutants often are higher in indoor air than outdoor air, the risks due to exposure can be higher than many other environmental risks. Many indoor environmental quality problems might get worse if adaptations to climate change are made without better information and programs aimed at pollution prevention. This book describes common indoor pollutants, discusses federal statutes that have been used to address indoor pollution, and analyses key issues surrounding some general policy options for federal policy makers, with a focus on chemical contaminants.

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Book SynopsisThis call to climate action examines ways we can leverage the growing power of smartphones and other technologies to become effective environmental stewards to protect threatened species, reduce the risk from climate change, and stop ocean plastic.Personal technologies are creating what the Environmental Defense Fund calls “a transformational shift” in how we address environmental problems. Time to Think Small explores how these brand-new approaches are already playing a huge role in winning some of the most difficult and important environmental struggles of our day–from fighting climate change, to ensuring drinkable water for everyone, to saving endangered animals, to keeping plastic out of the ocean.Learn how these technologies magnify and multiply the power everyone has as individuals to save our environment and how this tremendous power is not only growing, but also has the huge benefit of being independent of sudden shifts in political leadership.Drawing on two decades of environmental policy and a career working with endangered species mixed with his previous career in tech, Myers looks at the different ways we can be empowered to find environmental solutions."Time to Think Small reminds me of the first words spoken on the moon, about small steps and giant leaps. Todd Myers does, in fact, describe the giant strides from accumulated small steps that will help solve THE biggest long-term problem facing humanity today. If Big Government won’t act, WE CAN, in our own small ways!" --Donald Kroodsma, Author of Birdsong for the Curious Naturalist"The future of environmental stewardship depends on technology and innovation. Todd Myers is a national leader on environmental policy and technology and understands how to create solutions that sidestep political gridlock." --John Connors, former Microsoft CFO"A much-needed analysis of how we can solve complex global environmental problems by applying human ingenuity. . . and why every step matters along the way." --Benji Backer, President, American Conservation Coalition"Addressing climate change can be such a polarizing issue. Myers''s book has found a way to cut right through that with practical, applicable actions that everyone can take to make a difference." --Kevin Wilhelm, CEO, Sustainable Business Consulting"While the positions taken by Todd Myers may be disconcerting to an old-school environmentalist such as myself, his voice is one we need to hear in the conversation about climate change. Myers makes a compelling argument that thinking small stimulates creativity, and that nimble, creative approaches can play a crucial role in achieving sustainability." -- John S. Farnsworth, PhD, Author of Nature Beyond Solitude: Notes from the Field

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Book SynopsisThe book presents various facets of construction project management. The diverse facets discussed in this book include an evaluation of a project management measurement framework that was used to cluster construction project management critical success factors. Consultants'' perspective on the main factors affecting the performance of construction projects, and the nature and impact of variation orders on the overall project performance are discussed as important aspects of effective construction project management.

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Book SynopsisNumerous federal, state, and local agencies share responsibilities for regulating the safety of the U.S. food supply. Federal responsibility for food safety rests primarily with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). The combined efforts of the food industry and government regulatory agencies are often credited with making the U.S. food supply among the safest in the world. This book provides an overview of the organization, regulatory tools, and resources in place to adequately monitor food safety in the United States

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Book SynopsisLarge-scale power plants and energy producers discard massive heat energy that goes unused. Energy efficiency techniques such as insulation or properly maintained heating systems are less likely when it requires high investments. While "conservation" generally refers to the reduction of total energy usage, "efficiency" means increasing the yield per unit of energy. In many cases, the energy needed to heat water or refrigerate products can also be reduced through conservation and application of more efficient technologies. Heat pump water heaters use electricity to "move" heat from one place to another instead of generating heat directly. Therefore, they can be two to three times more energy-efficient than conventional electric resistance water heaters. This book examines the full application of energy-efficient water-heating systems, focused on heat pump devices. The main objective is to present a brief introduction of the working principles of this equipment, and concentrate on descriptions and applications where both "purposes" of the system are used, the heating and the cooling components, maximising its effectiveness.

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