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Book SynopsisSystems Engineering Compilation of 37 competencies needed for systems engineering, with information for individuals and organizations on how to identify and assess competence This book provides guidance on how to evaluate proficiency in the competencies defined in the systems engineering competency framework and how to differentiate between proficiency at each of the five levels of proficiency defined within that document. Readers will learn how to create a benchmark standard for each level of proficiency within each competence area, define a set of standardized terminology for competency indicators to promote like-for-like comparison, and provide typical non-domain-specific indicators of evidence which may be used to confirm experience in each competency area. Sample topics covered by the three highly qualified authors include: The five proficiency levels: awareness, supervised practitioner, practitioner, lead practitioner, and expertThe numerous knowledge, skills, abilities, and bTable of ContentsList of SECF Tables xi List of SECF Figures xi List of SECAG Tables xii List of SECAG Figures xii INCOSE Notices xiii Acknowledgements xiii Introduction xiv Purpose xiv Scope xiv Part I: Systems Engineering Competency Framework 1 SECF Introduction 3 SECF Scope 3 SECF Purpose 3 SECF Context 3 SECF Objective 4 SECF Document Overview 4 INCOSE SE Competency Framework Definition 5 Competency Overview 5 Framework Structure 6 Competence Proficiency Levels 6 Language Standardization Within the Framework 8 Competency Area Table Format 10 Using the Competency Framework 13 Typical Usage Scenarios 13 Tailoring the Framework 15 The Relationship Between Roles, Job Descriptions, and Competencies 17 SECF Acronyms and Abbreviations 19 SECF Glossary 21 SECF Bibliography 26 SECF Annex A: Summary and Rationale for Changes in the SECF Second Edition 29 Document Structural Changes 29 Primary Technical Changes 29 SECF Annex B: Alignment with Incose and Other Initiatives 31 INCOSE Systems Engineering Handbook Fourth Edition 31 INCOSE Systems Engineering Professional (SEP) Certification Program 33 INCOSE Vision 2035 Roles and Competencies 33 INCOSE Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) Initiative 35 Atlas Proficiency Model 35 SECF Annex C: Defining Roles Using the Framework 36 Defining Roles - Introduction 36 Considerations When Defining Role Statements 37 Role Statement Structure 37 Assigning Competencies to a Role Statement 38 Role Tailoring and Organization 39 Activity Prioritization and Role Tailoring 40 SECF Annex D: INCOSE Systems Engineering Competency Framework 45 Competency area – Core: Systems Thinking 46 Competency area – Core: Life Cycles 48 Competency area – Core: Capability Engineering 50 Competency area – Core: General Engineering 52 Competency area – Core: Critical Thinking 54 Competency area – Core: Systems Modeling and Analysis 56 Competency area – Professional: Communications 58 Competency area – Professional: Ethics and Professionalism 60 Competency area – Professional: Technical Leadership 62 Competency area – Professional: Negotiation 64 Competency area – Professional: Team Dynamics 66 Competency area – Professional: Facilitation 68 Competency area – Professional: Emotional Intelligence 70 Competency area – Professional: Coaching and Mentoring 72 Competency area – Technical: Requirements Definition 74 Competency area – Technical: System Architecting 76 Competency area – Technical: Design for 78 Competency area – Technical: Integration 80 Competency area – Technical: Interfaces 82 Competency area – Technical: Verification 84 Competency area – Technical: Validation 86 Competency area – Technical: Transition 88 Competency area – Technical: Utilization and Support 90 Competency area – Technical: Retirement 92 Competency area – Systems Engineering Management: Planning 94 Competency area – Systems Engineering Management: Monitoring and Control 96 Competency area – Systems Engineering Management: Risk and Opportunity Management 98 Competency area – Systems Engineering Management: Decision Management 100 Competency area – Systems Engineering Management: Concurrent Engineering 102 Competency area – Systems Engineering Management: Business and Enterprise Integration 104 Competency area – Systems Engineering Management: Acquisition and Supply 106 Competency area – Systems Engineering Management: Information Management 108 Competency area – Systems Engineering Management: Configuration Management 110 Competency area – Integrating Competencies: Project Management 112 Competency area – Integrating Competencies: Finance 114 Competency area – Integrating Competencies: Logistics 116 Competency area – Integrating Competencies: Quality 118 SECF Annex E: SECF Comment Form 120 Part II SECAG - Systems Engineering Competency Assessment Guide 121 SECAG Introduction 123 SECAG Scope 123 SECAG Purpose 123 SECAG Context 123 SECAG Objective 124 Link to Competency-Based Certification Within the INCOSE SEP Program 124 SECAG Document Overview 124 Tailoring the Assessment Guide 125 Terminology Tailoring 125 “Lead Practitioner” vs “Lead Role” Assessment 126 “Expert” Practitioner vs “Expert Role” 126 General Guidance For Tailoring Assessment of Proficiency Levels – Accumulated Evidence 126 Evidence Indicator Tailoring 127 Assessment Approach Tailoring 128 Atlas 1.1 Proficiency Assessment 128 Using the Assessment Guide 130 Assessing the Assessors 130 Framework and Assessment Use Case Examples 131 Explanation of Assessment Guide Tables 132 Assessment Guide Language Usage 135 Sub- Indicator Classifications (“K”, “A,” and “P”) 141 Assessing Evidence Sub-Indicator Types (“K”, “A,” and “P”) 141 SECAG Acronyms and Abbreviations 143 SECAG Glossary 146 SECAG Bibliography 150 SECAG Annex A: Systems Engineering Competency Assessment Guide Tables 153 Competency area – Core: Systems Thinking 154 Competency area – Core: Life Cycles 167 Competency area – Core: Capability Engineering 178 Competency area – Core: General Engineering 188 Competency area – Core: Critical Thinking 200 Competency area – Core: Systems Modeling and Analysis 212 Competency area – Professional: Communications 226 Competency area – Professional: Ethics and Professionalism 238 Competency area – Professional: Technical Leadership 253 Competency area – Professional: Negotiation 268 Competency area – Professional: Team Dynamics 280 Competency area – Professional: Facilitation 292 Competency area – Professional: Emotional Intelligence 303 Competency area – Professional: Coaching and Mentoring 312 Competency area – Technical: Requirements Definition 322 Competency area – Technical: Systems Architecting 337 Competency area – Technical: Design for… 352 Competency area – Technical: Integration 366 Competency area – Technical: Interfaces 380 Competency area – Technical: Verification 391 Competency area – Technical: Validation 406 Competency area – Technical: Transition 420 Competency area – Technical: Utilization and Support 430 Competency area – Technical: Retirement 444 Competency area – Management: Planning 454 Competency area – Management: Monitoring and Control 469 Competency area – Management: Risk and Opportunity Management 483 Competency area – Management: Decision Management 496 Competency area – Management: Concurrent Engineering 509 Competency area – Management: Business and Enterprise Integration 520 Competency area – Management: Acquisition and Supply 534 Competency area – Management: Configuration Management 544 Competency area – Management: Information Management 558 Competency area – Integrating: Project Management 573 Competency area – Integrating: Finance 586 Competency area – Integrating: Logistics 598 Competency area – Integrating: Quality 612 SECAG Annex B: Framework Implementation Examples 627 SECAG Annex B1 – Using the SECF/SECAG for Candidate Recruitment and Assessment 627 SECAG Annex B2 – Using the SECF/SECAG for Career and Organizational Development 635 SECAG Annex B3 – Organizational Role Definition 641 SECAG Annex B4 – Using the SECF/SECAG for Educational Course Definition 646 SECAG Annex B5 – Using the SECF/SECAG for “Round Trip” Competency Assessment 652 SECAG Annex B6 –Tailoring a Job Description to Add Systems Engineering Competencies and Skills 665 SECAG Annex B7 – Using the SECF/SECAG for Tailoring a Job Description to Add Model-Based Systems Engineering Competencies and Skills 669 SECAG Annex C: SECAG Comment Form 676 Index 677

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Book SynopsisComputer-aided design (CAD) technology is essential for modern design and manufacture in the workshop. With software more practical, affordable and accessible than ever, there has never been a better time to learn how to get the most out of CAD. Whether you are new to using CAD or ready to try more advanced software, this practical guide gives a thorough introduction to the technology and how to greatly enhance design and manufacture in the workshop. Topics covered include: techniques for designing and making artefacts in the workshop (not restricted to any specific CAD software package); guidance on software selection and general functionality; an overview of the conventions of technical drawing and, finally, case studies demonstrating the application of different CAD techniques for a range of projects.

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewThe title says it all, really, Robots Won't Save Japan, but do read the book if you want to be convinced, because you will be. The author, anthropologist and science and technology studies (STS) scholar James Wright, has adopted this title in reaction to a Japanese book from a generation ago, Robots Will Save Japan (Nakayama 2006). * Anthropology & Aging *Robots Won't Save Japan is a vivid example for how ethnographic research can enrich and deepen our understanding of complex social and political problems * Contemporary Japan *Table of ContentsIntroduction 1. Crisis and Care Robots 2. Developing Robots and Designing Algorithmic Care 3. Portrait of a Care Home 4. Hug: Reconfiguring Lifting 5. Paro: Reconfiguring Communication 6. Pepper: Reconfiguring Recreation 7. Beyond Care Robots

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisThere is an increasing interest and revival in the art of blacksmithing as a hobby and art, and both men and women are becoming blacksmiths. This is a simple, rewarding craft that men and women can do in their backyard or home workshop - even beginners can produce something useful and beautiful on their first try. This book shows you how - with some patience and a working knowledge of metals, basic tools, and techniques - blacksmithing can be easy to learn and a rewarding hobby. The author instructs readers in basic blacksmithing tools and how to set up shop as well as techniques that can be used to create your own original pieces. Through instructions and illustrations, readers will learn to make simple tools and useful items, such as nails, hinges, chains, tools, and handles as well as an interesting mix of artful projects, such as trellises, gates, wall ornaments, furniture, and sculptures.

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Book SynopsisThe Barefoot Navigator introduces the navigation skills of the ancients--methods using the sun, sea, wind, and stars, and even the flight patterns of ocean birds. The Barefoot Navigator also shows today''s sailors how to apply these methods to augment--and in the case of emergency, replace-their modern navigation systems. And it not just for emergencies--sometimes it is just plain fun to create a simple astrolabe or polar stick and confirm what your GPS tells you. Polynesians managed to populate an area of ocean larger than North America simply by analyzing clouds, currents, and wind direction--how did they do it? In the first portion of The Barefoot Navigator Lagan introduces these ancient seafarers and their powerful, accurate--and seemingly simple--navigation techniques. We also learn that the Vikings routinely traveled on the notorious stretches of water between Iceland, Greenland, and Scandinavia--no charts, no GPS; it seems mind-boggling but Lagan Trade ReviewBlending history with practical advice for applying ancient survival techniques to modern lives. A cracking second edition of a classic. * Coast (Book of the Month) *A fun journey, one which every armchair mariner should take. * BBC Countryfile *A unique take on navigation... fascinating history and useful advice. * All at Sea *

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Book SynopsisSmall Unmanned Fixed-wing Aircraft Design is the essential guide to designing, building and testing fixed wing UAVs (or drones). It deals with aircraft from two to 150 kg in weight and is based on the first-hand experiences of the world renowned UAV team at the UK's University of Southampton. The book covers both the practical aspects of designing, manufacturing and flight testing and outlines and the essential calculations needed to underpin successful designs. It describes the entire process of UAV design from requirements definition to configuration layout and sizing, through preliminary design and analysis using simple panel codes and spreadsheets to full CFD and FEA models and on to detailed design with parametric CAD tools. Its focus is on modest cost approaches that draw heavily on the latest digital design and manufacturing methods, including a strong emphasis on utilizing off-the-shelf components, low cost analysis, automated geometry modelling and 3D printingTable of ContentsList of Figures xvii List of Tables xxxiii Foreword xxxv Series Preface xxxvii Preface xxxix Acknowledgments xli PART I INTRODUCING FIXED-WING UAVS 1 Preliminaries 3 1.1 Externally Sourced Components 4 1.2 Manufacturing Methods 5 1.3 Project DECODE 6 1.4 The Stages of Design 6 1.4.1 Concept Design 8 1.4.2 Preliminary Design 10 1.4.3 Detail Design 11 1.4.4 Manufacturing Design 12 1.4.5 In-service Design and Decommissioning 13 1.5 Summary 13 2 Unmanned Air Vehicles 15 2.1 A Brief Taxonomy of UAVs 15 2.2 The Morphology of a UAV 19 2.2.1 Lifting Surfaces 21 2.2.2 Control Surfaces 22 2.2.3 Fuselage and Internal Structure 23 2.2.4 Propulsion Systems 24 2.2.5 Fuel Tanks 24 2.2.6 Control Systems 24 2.2.7 Payloads 27 2.2.8 Take-off and Landing Gear 27 2.3 Main Design Drivers 29 PART II THE AIRCRAFT IN MORE DETAIL 3 Wings 33 3.1 Simple Wing Theory and Aerodynamic Shape 33 3.2 Spars 37 3.3 Covers 37 3.4 Ribs 38 3.5 Fuselage Attachments 38 3.6 Ailerons/Roll Control 40 3.7 Flaps 41 3.8 Wing Tips 42 3.9 Wing-housed Retractable Undercarriage 42 3.10 Integral Fuel Tanks 44 4 Fuselages and Tails (Empennage) 45 4.1 Main Fuselage/Nacelle Structure 45 4.2 Wing Attachment 47 4.3 Engine and Motor Mountings 48 4.4 Avionics Trays 50 4.5 Payloads – Camera Mountings 51 4.6 Integral Fuel Tanks 52 4.7 Assembly Mechanisms and Access Hatches 54 4.8 Undercarriage Attachment 55 4.9 Tails (Empennage) 57 5 Propulsion 59 5.1 Liquid-Fueled IC Engines 59 5.1.1 Glow-plug IC Engines 62 5.1.2 Spark Ignition Gasoline IC Engines 62 5.1.3 IC Engine Testing 65 5.2 Rare-earth Brushless Electric Motors 66 5.3 Propellers 68 5.4 Engine/Motor Control 70 5.5 Fuel Systems 70 5.6 Batteries and Generators 71 6 Airframe Avionics and Systems 73 6.1 Primary Control Transmitter and Receivers 73 6.2 Avionics Power Supplies 76 6.3 Servos 78 6.4 Wiring, Buses, and Boards 82 6.5 Autopilots 86 6.6 Payload Communications Systems 87 6.7 Ancillaries 88 6.8 Resilience and Redundancy 90 7 Undercarriages 93 7.1 Wheels 93 7.2 Suspension 95 7.3 Steering 95 7.4 Retractable Systems 97 PART III DESIGNING UAVS 8 The Process of Design 101 8.1 Goals and Constraints 101 8.2 Airworthiness 103 8.3 Likely Failure Modes 104 8.3.1 Aerodynamic and Stability Failure 105 8.3.2 Structural Failure 106 8.3.3 Engine/Motor Failure 107 8.3.4 Control System Failure 107 8.4 Systems Engineering 110 8.4.1 Work-breakdown Structure 110 8.4.2 Interface Definitions 112 8.4.3 Allocation of Responsibility 112 8.4.4 Requirements Flowdown 112 8.4.5 Compliance Testing 113 8.4.6 Cost and Weight Management 114 8.4.7 Design “Checklist” 117 9 Tool Selection 119 9.1 Geometry/CAD Codes 120 9.2 Concept Design 123 9.3 Operational Simulation and Mission Planning 125 9.4 Aerodynamic and Structural Analysis Codes 125 9.5 Design and Decision Viewing 125 9.6 Supporting Databases 126 10 Concept Design: Initial Constraint Analysis 127 10.1 The Design Brief 127 10.1.1 Drawing up a Good Design Brief 127 10.1.2 Environment and Mission 128 10.1.3 Constraints 129 10.2 Airframe Topology 130 10.2.1 Unmanned versus Manned – Rethinking Topology 130 10.2.2 Searching the Space of Topologies 133 10.2.3 Systematic “invention” of UAV Concepts 136 10.2.4 Managing the Concept Design Process 144 10.3 Airframe and Powerplant Scaling via Constraint Analysis 144 10.3.1 The Role of Constraint Analysis 144 10.3.2 The Impact of Customer Requirements 145 10.3.3 Concept Constraint Analysis – A Proposed Computational Implementation 145 10.3.4 The Constraint Space 146 10.4 A Parametric Constraint Analysis Report 146 10.4.1 About This Document 146 10.4.2 Design Brief 147 10.4.3 Unit Conversions 149 10.4.4 Basic Geometry and Initial Guesses 151 10.4.5 Preamble 151 10.4.6 Preliminary Calculations 152 10.4.7 Constraints 154 10.5 The Combined Constraint Diagram and Its Place in the Design Process 162 11 Spreadsheet-Based Concept Design and Examples 165 11.1 Concept Design Algorithm 166 11.2 Range 169 11.3 Structural Loading Calculations 169 11.4 Weight and CoG Estimation 170 11.5 Longitudinal Stability 170 11.6 Powering and Propeller Sizing 171 11.7 Resulting Design: Decode-1 174 11.8 A Bigger Single Engine Design: Decode-2 177 11.9 A Twin Tractor Design: SPOTTER 182 12 Preliminary Geometry Design 189 12.1 Preliminary Airframe Geometry and CAD 190 12.2 Designing Decode-1 with AirCONICS 192 13 Preliminary Aerodynamic and Stability Analysis 195 13.1 Panel Method Solvers – XFoil and XFLR5 196 13.2 RANS Solvers – Fluent 200 13.2.1 Meshing, Turbulence Model Choice, and y+ 204 13.3 Example Two-dimensional Airfoil Analysis 208 13.4 Example Three-dimensional Airfoil Analysis 210 13.5 3D Models of Simple Wings 212 13.6 Example Airframe Aerodynamics 214 13.6.1 Analyzing Decode-1 with XFLR5: Aerodynamics 215 13.6.2 Analyzing Decode-1 with XFLR5: Control Surfaces 221 13.6.3 Analyzing Decode-1 with XFLR5: Stability 223 13.6.4 Flight Simulators 227 13.6.5 Analyzing Decode-1 with Fluent 228 14 Preliminary Structural Analysis 237 14.1 Structural Modeling Using AirCONICS 240 14.2 Structural Analysis Using Simple Beam Theory 243 14.3 Finite Element Analysis (FEA) 245 14.3.1 FEA Model Preparation 246 14.3.2 FEA Complete Spar and Boom Model 250 14.3.3 FEA Analysis of 3D Printed and Fiber- or Mylar-clad Foam Parts 255 14.4 Structural Dynamics and Aeroelasticity 265 14.4.1 Estimating Wing Divergence, Control Reversal, and Flutter Onset Speeds 266 14.5 Summary of Preliminary Structural Analysis 272 15 Weight and Center of Gravity Control 273 15.1 Weight Control 273 15.2 Longitudinal Center of Gravity Control 279 16 Experimental Testing and Validation 281 16.1 Wind Tunnels Tests 282 16.1.1 Mounting the Model 282 16.1.2 Calibrating the Test 284 16.1.3 Blockage Effects 284 16.1.4 Typical Results 287 16.2 Airframe Load Tests 290 16.2.1 Structural Test Instruments 290 16.2.2 Structural Mounting and Loading 293 16.2.3 Static Structural Testing 294 16.2.4 Dynamic Structural Testing 296 16.3 Avionics Testing 300 17 Detail Design: Constructing Explicit Design Geometry 303 17.1 The Generation of Geometry 303 17.2 Fuselage 306 17.3 An Example UAV Assembly 309 17.3.1 Hand Sketches 311 17.3.2 Master Sketches 311 17.4 3D Printed Parts 313 17.4.1 Decode-1: The Development of a Parametric Geometry for the SLS Nylon Wing Spar/Boom “Scaffold Clamp” 313 17.4.2 Approach 314 17.4.3 Inputs 314 17.4.4 Breakdown of Part 315 17.4.5 Parametric Capability 316 17.4.6 More Detailed Model 317 17.4.7 Manufacture 318 17.5 Wings 318 17.5.1 Wing Section Profile 320 17.5.2 Three-dimensional Wing 323 PART IV MANUFACTURE AND FLIGHT 18 Manufacture 331 18.1 Externally Sourced Components 331 18.2 Three-Dimensional Printing 332 18.2.1 Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) 332 18.2.2 Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 335 18.2.3 Sealing Components 335 18.3 Hot-wire Foam Cutting 337 18.3.1 Fiber and Mylar Foam Cladding 339 18.4 Laser Cutting 339 18.5 Wiring Looms 342 18.6 Assembly Mechanisms 342 18.6.1 Bayonets and Locking Pins 345 18.6.2 Clamps 346 18.6.3 Conventional Bolts and Screws 346 18.7 Storage and Transport Cases 347 19 Regulatory Approval and Documentation 349 19.1 Aviation Authority Requirements 349 19.2 System Description 351 19.2.1 Airframe 352 19.2.2 Performance 355 19.2.3 Avionics and Ground Control System 356 19.2.4 Acceptance Flight Data 358 19.3 Operations Manual 358 19.3.1 Organization, Team Roles, and Communications 359 19.3.2 Brief Technical Description 359 19.3.3 Operating Limits, Conditions, and Control 359 19.3.4 Operational Area and Flight Plans 360 19.3.5 Operational and Emergency Procedures 360 19.3.6 Maintenance Schedule 360 19.4 Safety Case 361 19.4.1 Risk Assessment Process 362 19.4.2 Failure Modes and Effects 362 19.4.3 Operational Hazards 363 19.4.4 Accident List 364 19.4.5 Mitigation List 364 19.4.6 Accident Sequences and Mitigation 366 19.5 Flight Planning Manual 368 20 Test Flights and Maintenance 369 20.1 Test Flight Planning 369 20.1.1 Exploration of Flight Envelope 369 20.1.2 Ranking of Flight Tests by Risk 370 20.1.3 Instrumentation and Recording of Flight Test Data 370 20.1.4 Pre-flight Inspection and Checklists 371 20.1.5 Atmospheric Conditions 371 20.1.6 Incident and Crash Contingency Planning, Post Crash Safety, Recording, and Management of Crash Site 371 20.2 Test Flight Examples 375 20.2.1 UAS Performance Flight Test (MANUAL Mode) 375 20.2.2 UAS CoG Flight Test (MANUAL Mode) 377 20.2.3 Fuel Consumption Tests 377 20.2.4 Engine Failure, Idle, and Throttle Change Tests 377 20.2.5 Autonomous Flight Control 378 20.2.6 Auto-Takeoff Test 380 20.2.7 Auto-Landing Test 380 20.2.8 Operational and Safety Flight Scenarios 381 20.3 Maintenance 381 20.3.1 Overall Airframe Maintenance 382 20.3.2 Time and Flight Expired Items 382 20.3.3 Batteries 383 20.3.4 Flight Control Software 383 20.3.5 Maintenance Record Keeping 384 21 Lessons Learned 385 21.1 Things that Have Gone Wrong and Why 388 PART V APPENDICES, BIBLIOGRAPHY, AND INDEX A Generic Aircraft Design Flowchart 395 B Example AirCONICS Code for Decode-1 399 C Worked (Manned Aircraft) Detail Design Example 425 C.1 Stage 1: Concept Sketches 425 C.2 Stage 2: Part Definition 429 C.3 Stage 3: “Flying Surfaces” 434 C.4 Stage 4: Other Items 435 C.5 Stage 5: Detail Definition 435 Bibliography 439 Index 441

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Book SynopsisBefore Western clocks came to Japan, hours shifted in length with the length of the day through the seasons; this book looks at how standard hours arrived and how Japanese life adapted to them.

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Book SynopsisCharles Ulm and Charles Kingsford Smith were the original pioneers of Australian aviation. Together they succeeded in a number of record-breaking flights that made them instant celebrities in Australia and around the world: the first east-to-west crossing of the Pacific, the first trans-Tasman flight, Australia to New Zealand, the first flight from New Zealand to Australia. Business ventures followed for them, as they set up Australian National Airways in late 1928. Smithy was the face of the airline, happier in the cockpit or in front of an audience than in the boardroom. Ulm on the other hand was in his element as managing director. Ulm had the tenacity and organisational skills, yet Smithy had the charisma and the public acclaim. In 1932, Kingsford Smith received a knighthood for his services to flying, Ulm did not.Business setbacks and dramas followed, as Ulm tried to develop the embryonic Australian airline industry. ANA fought hard against the young Qantas, already an establishment favourite, but a catastrophic crash on the airline's regular route from Sydney to Melbourne and the increasing bite of the Great Depression forced ANA's bankruptcy in 1933. Desperate to drum up publicity for a new airline venture, Ulm's final flight was meant to demonstrate the potential for a regular trans-Pacific passenger service. Somewhere between San Francisco and Hawaii his plane, Stella Australis, disappeared. No trace of the plane or crew were ever found.In the years since his death, attention has focused more and more on Smithy, leaving Ulm neglected and overshadowed. This biography will attempt to rectify that, showing that Ulm was at least Smithy's equal as a flyer, and in many ways his superior as a visionary, as an organiser and as a businessman. His untimely death robbed Australia of a huge talent.

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis Produce your own milk, cheese, meat, fiber, fertilizer, and more Incorporating dairy goats into a diversified homestead can be the key to greater self-sufficiency. Responding to questions and concerns from readers from all over North America and beyond, this fully revised and expanded edition of Raising Goats Naturally will help readers work with nature to raise dairy goats to produce milk, cheese, meat, fertilizer, leather, fiber, and soap all without relying on drugs or following the factory farm model. By observing your own animals closely and educating yourself about their specific needs, you can create an individualized plan for keeping them healthy and maximizing their productivity. This unique, fully-illustrated guide will teach you to help your herd thrive with: Breed-specific descriptions to help you choose the right goats for your goals and lifestyle Detailed information on housing, fencing, breeding, health, milkingTable of Contents Acknowledgments Preface to the Second Edition Introduction Part I: Planning, Purchasing, and Protecting 1. Choosing Your Goats Breeds Does Bucks Registration Pedigree Purchasing 2. Housing Your Goats Shelter Bedding 3. Protecting Your Goats Fencing Livestock Guardians Part II: Raising, Remedies, and Reproduction 4. Day-to- Day Life With Goats Behavior Anatomy Health Grooming First Aid Supplies Medicating the Sick Goat 5. Feeding Your Goats Rotational Grazing Hay Grain Minerals Baking Soda 6. Parasites Internal Parasites Controlling Internal Parasites Preventing Infection External Parasites Controlling External Parasites 7. Injury, Illnesses, and Diseases Abortion and Stillbirth Abscesses Acidosis Bloat Brucellosis Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Constipation Cryptosporidiosis Enterotoxemia Floppy Kid Syndrome Foot Rot Hardware Disease Hypocalcemia Infertility in Bucks Infertility in Does Johne's Disease Ketosis Listeriosis Mastitis Nutritional Deficiencies Neonatal Mortality Pinkeye Polio (Polioencephalomalacia) Respiratory Conditions Ringworm Scours Scrapie Skin Cancer Sore Mouth Tetanus Tuberculosis Urinary Stones (Urinary Calculi) White Muscle Disease Vaccines 8. Breeding Breeding Season Breeding Age Signs of Estrus Breeding Methods Buck Behavior Successful Breeding Artificial Insemination Feeding for Fertility 9. Pregnancy Gestation Signs of Pregnancy False Pregnancy Feeding During Pregnancy 10. Birthing Getting Ready Signs of Labor Birth Feeding Post Birth Newborn Check Kid Complications 11. Raising Kids Getting Started With Dam Raising Getting Started With Bottle-feeding Poop Feeding Grain and Forage Horns Castrating Males Tattooing and Ear Tags Weaning Barn Hygiene 12. Milking Managing Milkers Naturally Teaching a Doe to Milk Milking Equipment Milking by Hand Milking With a Machine Handling Milk Storing Milk Part III: Milk, Meat, and More 13. The Dairy Kitchen Equipment Ingredients 14. Dairy Products Buttermilk and Sour Cream Yogurt Sweets 15. Acid-ripened Cheeses Vinegar Citric Acid 16. Culture-ripened Cheeses Choosing Cultures Flocculation Cutting Curds Semi-hard and Hard Cheeses 17. Meat Meat Quality Butchering Cooking 18. Soap Processes Safety Equipment Ingredients Step-by- Step Soap Making Final Thoughts Notes Glossary Suggested Reading Recipe Index Index About the Author About New Society Publishers

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Book SynopsisThe Atlantic Pilot Atlas provides a complete guide to the weather of the North and South Atlantic, the Mediterranean and the Caribbean. Now revised for the fifth edition, it includes weather forecasting, global warming and hurricane avoidance information as well as wind and current charts, wave heights, tropical cyclone tracks and shipping routes. Any skipper contemplating an ocean crossing needs to know what conditions he is likely to meet en route, in order to plan a safe and comfortable passage, and this book provides exactly what is needed. 40 specially drawn colour charts show detailed information on the winds, currents, gale frequencies, rough sea conditions, hurricane tracks and recommended sailing routes for each month of the year for all these oceans.''This is what every yachtsman contemplating an extended cruise needs in one book... No serious offshore bookshelf should be without one.'' Yachting Monthly ''Without doubt the most useful guide for anyone pla

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Book SynopsisProvides students and practitioners with a comprehensive understanding of the theory of spectroscopy and the design and use of spectrophotometers In this book, you will learn the fundamental principles underpinning molecular spectroscopy and the connections between those principles and the design of spectrophotometers. Spectroscopy, along with chromatography, mass spectrometry, and electrochemistry, is an important and widely-used analytical technique. Applications of spectroscopy include air quality monitoring, compound identification, and the analysis of paintings and culturally important artifacts. This book introduces students to the fundamentals of molecular spectroscopy including UV-visible, infrared, fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopy in an approachable and comprehensive way. It goes beyond the basics of the subject and provides a detailed look at the interplay between theory and practice, making it ideal for courses in quantitative analysis, instrumeTable of ContentsABOUT THE COVER ix PREFACE xi 1. Fundamentals of Spectroscopy 1 1.1 Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation 1 1.1.1 Speed, c 2 1.1.2 Amplitude, A 2 1.1.3 Frequency, υ 3 1.1.4 Wavelength, λ 3 1.1.5 Energy, E 3 1.1.6 Wavenumber, 6 1.2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum 7 1.2.1 Radio‐Frequency Radiation (10−27 to 10−21 J/photon) 8 1.2.2 Microwave Radiation (10−23 to 10−22 J/photon) 10 1.2.3 Infrared Radiation (10−22 to 10−19 J/photon) 11 1.2.4 Ultraviolet and Visible Radiation (10−19 to 10−18 J/photon) 12 1.2.5 X‐Ray Radiation (10−15 to 10−13 J/photon) 13 1.2.6 Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Radiation (10−13 to 10−11 J/photon and Higher) 13 1.3 The Perrin–Jablonski Diagram 15 1.3.1 Timescales of Events 18 1.3.2 Summary of Radiative and Nonradiative Processes 19 1.4 Temperature Effects on Ground and Excited State Populations 19 1.5 More Wave Characteristics 21 1.5.1 Adding Waves Together 21 1.5.2 Diffraction 21 1.5.3 Reflection 25 1.5.4 Refraction 28 1.5.5 Scattering 29 1.5.6 Polarized Radiation 31 1.6 Spectroscopy Applications 34 1.7 Summary 34 Problems 34 References 36 Further Reading 38 2. UV‐Visible Spectrophotometry 39 2.1 Theory 40 2.1.1 The Absorption Process 40 2.1.2 The Beer–Lambert Law 43 2.1.3 Solvent Effects on Molar Absorptivity and Spectra 49 2.2 UV‐Visible Instrumentation 52 2.2.1 Sources of Visible and Ultraviolet Light 54 2.2.2 Wavelength Selection: Filters 58 2.2.3 Wavelength Selection: Monochromators 61 2.2.4 Monochromator Designs: Putting It All Together 75 2.2.5 Detectors 79 2.3 Spectrophotometer Designs 85 2.3.1 Single‐Beam Spectrophotometers 85 2.3.2 Scanning Double‐Beam Instruments 89 2.3.3 Photodiode Array Instruments 93 2.4 The Practice of Spectrophotometry 98 2.4.1 Types of Samples That Can Be Analyzed 99 2.4.2 Preparation of Calibration Curves 100 2.4.3 Deviations from Beer’s Law 103 2.4.4 Precision: Relative Concentration Error 111 2.4.5 The Desirable Absorbance Range 114 2.5 Applications and Techniques 116 2.5.1 Simultaneous Determinations of Multicomponent Systems 116 2.5.2 Difference Spectroscopy 117 2.5.3 Derivative Spectroscopy 118 2.5.4 Titration Curves 119 2.5.5 Turbidimetry and Nephelometry 121 2.6 A Specific Application of UV‐Visible Spectroscopy: Enzyme Kinetics 122 2.6.1 Myeloperoxidase, Immune Responses, Heart Attacks,and Enzyme Kinetics 122 2.6.2 Possible Mechanism for Myeloperoxidase Oxidation of LDL via Tyrosyl Radical Intermediates 123 2.7 Summary 127 Problems 127 References 132 Further Reading 134 3. Molecular Luminescence: Fluorescence, Phosphorescence, and Chemiluminescence 135 3.1 Theory 135 3.1.1 Absorbance Compared to Fluorescence 136 3.1.2 Factors That Affect Fluorescence Intensity 141 3.1.3 Quenching 146 3.1.4 Quantum Yield and Fluorescence Intensity 147 3.1.5 Linearity and Nonlinearity of Fluorescence: Quenching and Self-Absorption 149 3.2 Instrumentation 153 3.2.1 Instrument Design 154 3.2.2 Sources 154 3.2.3 Filters and Monochromators 157 3.2.4 Component Arrangement 158 3.2.5 Fluorometers 158 3.2.6 Spectrofluorometers 159 3.2.7 Cells and Slit Widths 164 3.2.8 Detectors 166 3.3 Practice of Luminescence Spectroscopy 167 3.3.1 Considerations and Options 167 3.3.2 Fluorescence Polarization 168 3.3.3 Time‐Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy 172 3.4 Fluorescence Microscopy 173 3.4.1 Fluorescence Microscopy Resolution 175 3.4.2 Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy 175 3.5 Phosphorescence and Chemiluminescence 177 3.5.1 Phosphorescence 177 3.5.2 Chemiluminescence 177 3.6 Applications of Fluorescence: Biological Systems and DNA Sequencing 179 3.7 Summary 186 Problems 186 References 190 Further Reading 192 4. Infrared Spectroscopy 193 4.1 Theory 193 4.1.1 Bond Vibrations 196 4.1.2 Other Types of Vibrations 198 4.1.3 Modeling Vibrations: Harmonic and Nonharmonic Oscillators 200 4.1.4 The 3N−6 Rule 207 4.2 FTIR Instruments 209 4.2.1 The Michelson Interferometer and Fourier Transform 210 4.2.2 Components of FTIR Instruments: Sources 224 4.2.3 Components of FTIR Instruments: DTGS and MCT Detectors 226 4.2.4 Sample Handling 227 4.2.5 Reflectance Techniques 231 4.3 Applications of IR Spectroscopy, Including Near‐IR and Far‐IR 234 4.3.1 Structure Determination with Mid‐IR Spectroscopy 235 4.3.2 Gas Analysis 235 4.3.3 Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy (NIR) 236 4.3.4 Far‐Infrared Spectroscopy (FIR) 245 4.4 Summary 248 Problems 248 References 251 Further Reading 254 5. Raman Spectroscopy 255 5.1 Energy-Level Description 255 5.2 Visualization of Raman Data 258 5.3 Molecular Polarizability 259 5.4 Brief Review of Molecular Vibrations 261 5.5 Classical Theory of Raman Scattering 262 5.6 Polarization of Raman Scattering 265 5.6.1 Depolarization Ratio 266 5.7 Instrumentation and Analysis Methods 266 5.7.1 Filter Instruments 267 5.7.2 Dispersive Spectrometers 270 5.7.3 Fourier Transform Raman Spectrometers 271 5.7.4 Confocal Raman Instruments 271 5.7.5 Light Sources 273 5.8 Quantitative Analysis Methods 274 5.8.1 Calibration Curves 274 5.8.2 Curve Fitting 274 5.8.3 Ordinary Least Squares 275 5.8.4 Classical Least Squares 277 5.8.5 Implicit Analytical Methods 277 5.9 Applications 277 5.9.1 Art and Archeology 277 5.9.2 Pharmaceuticals 278 5.9.3 Forensics 279 5.9.4 Medicine and Biology 279 5.10 Signal Enhancement Techniques 282 5.10.1 Resonance Raman Spectroscopy 283 5.10.2 Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy 283 5.10.3 Nonlinear Raman Spectroscopy 284 5.11 Summary 286 Problems 286 References 288 Further Reading 289 SOLUTIONS 291 INDEX 315

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Book SynopsisAn in-depth exploration of shipboard power generation and distribution system design that utilizes variable frequency drives The variable frequency drive (VFD) application is a proven technology for shore-based applications. However, shore-based VFDs often are unsuitable for shipboard applications because the power generation and distribution fundamentals are completely different.VFD Challenges for Shipboard Electrical Power System Designexplores the problems presented by variable frequency drives as they are applied in shipboard power generation and distribution system design and offers solutions for meeting these challenges. VFDs with configurations such as six pulse drive, 12 pulse drive, 18 pulse drive, active front end, pulse width modulation and many others generate many different levels of harmonics. These harmonics are often much higher than the regulations allow. This book covers a range of techniques used to provide ships with efficient energy that minimizes mechanical andTable of ContentsPreface ix About the Author xiii 1 Overview – VFD Motor Controller 1 2 Propulsion System Adjustable Speed Drive 21 3 VFD Motor Controller for Ship Service Auxiliaries 29 4 Shipboard Power System with LVDC and MVDC for AC and DC Application 35 5 Shipboard VFD Application and System Grounding 39 6 Shipboard Power Quality and VFD Effect 69 7 Shipboard Power System FMEA for VFD Motor Controller 85 8 Shipboard VFD Cable Selection, Installation, and Termination 97 9 Ship Smart System Design (S3D) and Digital Twin 117 Appendices 129 Glossary 135 Bibliography 143 Index 145

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Book SynopsisProvides a technology overview of what goes into a high performance loudspeaker and covers all the latest advances in the field The design of high performance loudspeakers requires a mix of developed skills in electroacoustics, high fidelity sound reproduction and subjective evaluation. Taking a designer's view of the subject, this new edition of High Performance Loudspeakers, Seventh Edition provides a comprehensive, timely and practical knowledge base to aid the design of superior loudspeaker systems fit for purpose. It is updated throughout with the latest progress in research and technology, synthesis and analysis, digital signal processing incorporated products, automated production test systems and wireless compact designs. This Seventh Edition of the highly successful guide to the design and specifications of high quality loudspeakers and loudspeaker systems addresses the issue of where higher performance and sound quality is required and shows how the numerous considerations including application, target price, size, aspiration and particular market lead to a complex mix of design and engineering decisions. The book has also been substantially revised to reflect the many changes in the technology of loudspeakers and includes two brand new chapters one covering ultra-compact systems and DSP integration, and the second providing details of a worked example of the loudspeaker systems design process. Offers a complete overview of the technologyThoroughly updated with new content to reflect the latest advances in the field while retaining the firm theoretical foundation of previous editionsPresents a designer's point of view of the field, helping to equip both amateur enthusiasts and academically trained graduates with industry practiceCovers all the newest developments in the field of high performance loudspeakersOffers a critical and objective approach to all subjects covered, rather than a simple spelling out of theory and factsAppeals to both amateur speaker builders as a source of ideas, and to professional speaker designers with an overview of competitive products and features Acknowledged industry-wide as the definitive work on speaker design and analysis, High Performance Loudspeakers, Seventh Edition is essential reading for audio engineers, speaker designers, equipment designers and students of acoustic engineering, electronics and electro-acoustics. It will also prove invaluable to students of electronics, broadcasting and recording techniques, but will also be of interest to authors and journalists in audio, and not least, amateur loudspeaker builders and enthusiasts.Trade ReviewThis is the seventh edition of what has long been a standard work on the subject�the first edition appeared in 1977! The current edition has been brought thoroughly up to date. It includes, for example, such recent developments as the Devialet Speaker Active Matching (SAM) system. Over the years, the book has steadily expanded in size and scope. And the present edition includes not only the information on specifics of speaker design of the early editions but also surveys the whole subject of assessment of loudspeakers, both technically and in listening terms. The book has now grown to considerable size�more than six hundred pages�and it represents a summation of Martin Colloms� long career as a speaker reviewer and design consultant. The fruits of extended experience and impressive expertise are very much on display here. This is an indispensable work for anyone who has a serious interest in speakers, who wants in particular to go (far) beyond the informal scuttlebutt of on-line forums and Internet reviewing. – Robert E Greene, The Absolute Sound (May 1st , 2019) In the seventh edition�s 10 chapters, each with up to 30 subchapters, Martin has expanded the sections on analysis and modeling, and included new sections on the increasingly popular Klippel and Comsol Multiphysics systems, as well as on the finite element analysis (FEA) of magnetic systems. He has added two new chapters, one on DSP integration into system design, and the second providing a worked-through example of the loudspeaker design process�High Performance Loudspeakers: Optimising High Fidelity Loudspeaker Systems, Seventh Edition, is a must-have addition to the bookshelf of any audiophile who wants to learn everything there is to know about the art and science of loudspeaker design. – John Atkinson, Audio Critic, Stereophile Magazine (April 2019 issue) The reader will gain a solid grounding in the design principles and the necessary trade-offs, allowing the individual to map out a design before diving into one of the now ubiquitous enclosure design software packages. If you buy just one book on the subject, this is it, as there�s much to learn at the same time as enjoying a satisfying read.- Stan Curtis, Audio Designer, HIFICRITIC Magazine OCT-DEC 2018Table of ContentsPreface to the First Edition xix Preface to the Fifth Edition xxi Preface to the Sixth Edition xxiii Preface to the Seventh Edition xxv Acknowledgements xxvii 1 General Review 1 1.1 Early Loudspeakers 1 1.2 Audible Frequency Range and Wavelength 4 1.3 The BBC Contribution 12 1.4 Emerging Standards 13 1.5 Influence of Improved Low‐Frequency Analysis 17 1.6 Changes in UK Lifestyle are Affecting Domestic Audio Systems 22 1.7 High‐End Stereo Audio 23 1.8 Sound Docks 23 1.9 Headphones 27 1.10 Advances in Pro Audio 27 2 Developments in Loudspeaker System Design 31 2.1 Developments in Loudspeaker System Design 31 2.2 Limits to Performance 37 2.3 The Stereo Illusion: ‘3D Sound’ 38 2.4 Sensitivity and Impedance 40 2.5 Enclosures 41 2.6 Drive Units 44 2.7 The Room 47 3 Theoretical Aspects of Diaphragm Radiators 51 3.1 Radiation From Simple Sources 51 3.2 Electromechanics of a Hypothetical Moving‐Coil Loudspeaker 57 3.3 Radiated Pressure 67 3.4 Relating the TwoPort Model to Low‐Frequency Analogous Circuits 74 3.5 Higher Modes of the Loudspeaker Diaphragm 77 4 Transducers Diaphragms and Loudspeaker Technologies 87 4.1 Dome Radiators 87 4.2 Velocity of Sound In a Diaphragm 93 4.3 Compensation of Dome Characteristics 95 4.4 Cone Behaviour 95 4.5 Cone Parameters 96 4.6 Cone Shape 104 4.7 Motor Systems 112 4.8 Moving‐Coil Motor Linearity 1154.9 Effect of Magnetic Field Strength Variation on Loudspeaker Pressure Response 119 4.10 Magnet Systems 120 4.11 Film Transducers, Magnetic and Electrostatic 126 4.12 Bending Radiators, DML, Distributed Mode and BMR: The Balanced Mode Radiator 144 5 Low‐Frequency System Analysis: Room Environments and 2π Half Space Radiation 157 5.1 General Considerations 157 5.2 Room Interaction, The Broader Picture 165 5.3 Optimum System Design for Low Subjective Colouration 167 5.4 LF System Analysis 181 5.5 Viewpoint—What Is an Optimal Low‐Frequency Q Factor for a System? 195 5.6 Closed‐Box System 198 5.7 Reflex or Vented Enclosures 207 5.8 Band‐Pass Designs and LF Equalization 224 5.9 Longevity, Reliability, Tolerances, Climate 237 5.10 Transmission‐Line Enclosures 243 5.11 Sub‐Woofers and Extended Low‐Frequency Design 249 6 Horn and Other Loading Variations 261 6.1 Introduction 261 6.2 Line Source Loudspeakers 269 6.3 The Moving‐Coil Spaced Dipole 275 6.4 Bi‐Polar Speakers 276 7 Moving‐Coil Direct‐Radiator Drivers 279 7.1 Moving‐Coil Motor System 279 7.2 Low Frequencies, Bass Units 283 7.3 LF/MF Units 306 7.4 MF, Mid‐Frequency Units 309 7.5 High‐Frequency Units 317 7.6 Full‐Range Units 326 7.7 Dynamics and Engineering 333 8 Systems and Crossovers 339 8.1 Passive Loudspeaker System Design 342 8.2 ‘Two‐and‐a‐Half‐Way’ System Design 348 8.3 The Crossover Network and Target Function 349 8.4 Crossover Component Considerations 380 8.5 General Design Considerations, Voicing and Balancing 392 8.6 The Amplifier–Loudspeaker Interface 407 8.7 Active Loudspeakers 416 8.8 Current Drive 436 8.9 Digital Loudspeakers 440 8.10 Digital Active System Details 450 8.11 DSP Crossover Filter Order 450 9 The Enclosure 457 9.1 Enclosure Materials 458 9.2 Enclosure Resonances 463 9.3 Magnitude of Undamped Panel Output 465 9.4 Audibility of Resonances 469 9.5 Resonance Control, Damping Materials and Bracing 470 9.6 Internal Enclosure Modes 476 9.7 Driver‐Cone, Transmission of Internal Resonances 480 9.8 Cabinet Construction 483 9.9 Diffraction and Cabinet Shape 493 9.10 Loudspeaker Design Software 499 9.11 Importance of Effective Driver Mounting Methods 501 9.12 Drive‐Unit Mounting: Clamped or Decoupled? 505 9.13 Open Baffles: Dipoles 506 9.14 Loudspeaker Supports and Placement 507 10 Loudspeaker Assessment 513 10.1 Loudspeaker Specifications Standards and Distortions 515 10.2 FM: Frequency‐Modulation Distortion 532 10.3 Measurement and Evaluation: Introduction 545 10.4 Objective Measurements: Amplitude/Frequency Responses (4π, Full Anechoic) 554 10.5 Random Noise Excitation 558 10.6 Subjective Evaluation 600 Index 635

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Book SynopsisThe Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is the first international agreement setting out freedoms, rights and entitlements for all humanity to claim. It emphasizes the inextricable relationship between fundamental freedoms and social justice, and their connection with peace and security. The General Assembly of the United Nations proclaims this Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping the UDHR constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.

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Book SynopsisDieses Buch leistet einen Beitrag zur Verbesserung der konzeptionellen Umsetzung der Hochwasservorbeugung und zur Effektivierung des praktischen Handelns im integrierten Hochwasserrisikomanagement. Dem Autor ist es ein Anliegen, auch den bisher noch nicht von Hochwasser betroffenen Akteuren anhand praktischer Beispiele vor Augen zu führen, dass sie bei vorausschauendem Handeln viele unnötige Hochwasserschäden verhindern können und gleichzeitig einen Beitrag zur Umsetzung der EG-Hochwasserrisikomanagementrichtlinie leisten. Table of ContentsEinleitung - Integriertes Hochwasserrisikomanagement - EG-Hochwasserrisikomanagementrichtlinie - Wasserwirtschaftliche Ausgangslage - Hochwasserereignis 2002 - Risikomanagement während des Ereignisses - Schäden und Sofortmaßnahmen - Hochwassernachsorge und Wiederaufbau - Hochwasservorbeugung - Fachliche Umsetzung der EG-Hochwasserrisikomanagementrichtlinie - Zusammenfassung - Ausblick

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Book SynopsisTrade Review[An] engaging book… Reading these pages reminds us of how many spectacular failures have occupied the news pages for a week or two in our lifetimes… If Petroski’s account proves anything, it’s that the forces of the real world may eventually prevail on even the mightiest structures. -- Bill McKibben * New York Review of Books *A book that is at once an absorbing love letter to engineering and a paean to its breakdowns… This book is a litany of failure, including falling concrete in the Big Dig in Boston, the loss of the space shuttles Challenger and Columbia, the rupture of New Orleans levees, collapsing buildings in the Haitian earthquake, the Deepwater Horizon blowout, the sinking of the Titanic, the metal fatigue that doomed 1950s-era de Havilland Comet jets—and swaying, crumpling bridges from Britain to Cambodia… [Readers will encounter] a moving discussion of the responsibility of the engineer to the public and the ways young engineers can be helped to grasp them. -- Cornelia Dean * New York Times *[A] fascinating and occasionally unnerving history of engineering failures… After reading this book, one might be tempted never to venture across a bridge again. But of course that would miss Petroski’s goal: to show how engineers learn from failure and improve their designs… For those who enjoy reading about girders and trusses, To Forgive Design is, yes, riveting… [Petroski] amply shows the wisdom of the proverb that failure is a good teacher. Even a collapsed bridge leads somewhere. -- Matt Ridley * Wall Street Journal *Americans are encouraged to believe that failure is not an option, but author Henry Petroski regards it as just about inevitable. A professor of civil engineering and history at Duke University, Petroski began his writing career with To Engineer Is Human: The Role of Failure in Successful Design, an influential work that deals with mechanical and engineering failures. This huge sequel devotes much more attention to the interplay between human beings, machines, buildings and disaster. It’s exhaustive, relentless, often exhilarating—and given its technical nature, surprisingly readable… If you’re already a bit phobic about flying in a plane, crossing a suspension bridge, or even driving a car, To Forgive Design is probably not for you… Petroski chronicles the story of failure with a measure of affection reminiscent of a biographer of Attila the Hun who develops a grudging fondness for his subject. But whether or not the latter had redeeming qualities, the former surely does: Failure reminds us to avoid the sin of pride. I thoroughly enjoyed To Forgive Design, even down to the gloomy quote from the famously gloomy writer Samuel Beckett: ‘Ever tried. Ever failed. No matter. Try again. Fail again. Fail better.’ -- Joe Queenan * Barron’s *Non-engineers needn’t worry that the book will be too dense with details; Petroski makes the science easily understandable… [This is] a book that satisfactorily explains why our determination to push the boundaries guarantees both failure and triumph. -- James F. Sweeney * Cleveland Plain Dealer *Engineering is interesting when it works, but much more compelling when it doesn’t. Petroski may be one of his profession’s establishment figures, but his key finding is highly critical: because most engineers don’t know much about the history of engineering, complacency and gee-whizz design software is likely to foment a fairly regular incidence of potentially catastrophic structural failures… Much of the information will be of great interest to engineers and designers… The most brilliantly explained engineering failure concerns the ocean-bed blowout involving the Deepwater Horizon oil rig in 2010. Petroski’s exposition is immensely detailed and benefits from being linear in its narrative. This section of the book is exemplary in its remorseless exfoliation of the technical and commercial reasons for the incident. -- Jay Merrick * The Independent *Mustering a truly staggering array of examples of past engineering failures, Petroski makes the case that failure is a necessary component of technological development, and that structures, machines and other engineered devices do not exist in isolation, but instead are designed and used within a tangle of competing constraints and unpredictable scenarios… At his best, Petroski is a compelling storyteller, and his recounting of past disasters and near-disasters can be fascinating. In addition to several detailed but well-paced narratives of familiar failures such as the Space Shuttle Challenger explosion, the book contains a great deal of intriguing arcana… Petroski’s greatest asset as a writer is his impressive historical erudition. He seems to have an infinite file of meticulously detailed case studies that illustrate his points, and any thought of just how long he must have spent researching inspires mild fear. He has written prolifically for nearly three decades on the topic of failure in engineering, and there is no doubt whatsoever that he knows what he’s talking about… I would sincerely recommend To Forgive Design to anyone with a particular interest in historical engineering fiascos. -- Colin McSwiggen * Literary Review *To Forgive Design remains a largely accessible, important contribution to the growing library of failure. -- Colin Dickey * Los Angeles Review of Books *When a plane crashes or a bridge collapses, faulty engineering is the usual suspect. But in seeking the roots of failure, we should look beyond design, says engineer Henry Petroski. We must probe the political and economic imperatives that shape purposes and use. In this follow-up to his influential To Engineer Is Human, Petroski argues that accidents such as the Deepwater Horizon oil spill are the result of faults as much in ‘human machinery’ as in mechanical devices. He praises software developers for learning from structural engineering about how to report and analyze mishaps. * Nature *A rewarding read. -- Jonathon Keats * New Scientist *By critically examining the interdependency of people and machines related to bridge collapses, airplane crashes and space shuttle failures, Petroski discovers that understanding failure is the only way to bring successful design and engineering into the future. -- Megan Wood * Salon *For more than two decades, Petroski has been delighting and educating readers with tales of engineering failures and how they can lead to safer technology… Always technically well informed and gifted with a comfortable, engaging storytelling style, Petroski shows readers how engineering design is a compromise between the ideal of perfect safety and the practicalities of limited resources. The lesson is that engineering makes advances through failure, but only if the lessons that failure teaches are applied to future projects… To Forgive Design succeeds in conveying Petroski’s message in a way that can be appreciated by the general reader and put to practical use by engineering students of all levels. -- K. D. Stephan * Choice *[An] authoritative text about the interrelationship between success and failure in the engineering enterprise… Petroski’s most gripping passages are his Sherlockian dissections of engineering fiascos and the importance of learning from the vast archive of forensic analyses. * Kirkus Reviews *Petroski follows up his first book, To Engineer Is Human: The Role of Failure in Successful Design, with this examination of human failure. In the previous title, he primarily considered mechanical and structural failures. Here, he looks not only at how people contribute to the failure of engineering designs but also at how analyzing those failures can improve subsequent models. He considers many different types of failures, from several infamous bridge collapses to carefully designed intentional failures, which are engineered specifically to prevent greater failures. In each case, Petroski goes beyond an explanation of the mechanical failure itself to point out how humans created these and other problems through systemic mistakes. -- Carla H. Lee * Library Journal *Though his focus here is primarily on bridges, Petroski extends his analysis to include the sinking of the Titanic, the mid-flight explosion of TWA Flight 800, the Challenger tragedy, the Y2K computer programming crisis, and the Deepwater Horizon spill in the Gulf of Mexico. Each has its own unique set of human, mechanical, and engineering failures, and Petroski does a terrific job of identifying and communicating not only what went wrong, but what was learned from the failure and how that knowledge has since been put into practice. Fellow engineers and armchair scientists will get the most out of the book, but even the layman will find Petroski’s study to be accessible, informative, and interesting. * Publishers Weekly *

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Book SynopsisUnderstanding fire dynamics and combustion is essential in fire safety engineering and in fire science curricula. Engineers and students involved in fire protection, safety and investigation need to know and predict how fire behaves to be able to implement adequate safety measures and hazard analyses.Trade Review"... this is an excellent textbook for teaching or learning Fire dynamics!" (Fire Technology, January 2007) "... an excellent textbook for teaching or learning fire dynamics... comprehensive and useful...." (Fire Technology, October 2006)Table of ContentsPreface xiii Nomenclature xvii 1 Introduction to Fire 1 1.1 Fire in History 1 1.2 Fire and Science 2 1.3 Fire Safety and Research in the Twentieth Century 8 1.4 Outlook for the Future 10 1.5 Introduction to This Book 11 1.5.1 Thermodynamics 13 1.5.2 Fluid mechanics 14 1.5.3 Heat and mass transfer 15 1.5.4 Supportive references 16 References 17 Problems 17 2 Thermochemistry 19 2.1 Introduction 19 2.2 Chemical Reactions 20 2.3 Gas Mixture 23 2.4 Conservation Laws for Systems 25 2.4.1 Constant pressure reaction 27 2.4.2 Heat of combustion 28 2.4.3 Adiabatic flame temperature 29 2.5 Heat of Formation 30 2.6 Application of Mass and Energy Conservation in Chemical Reactions 31 2.7 Combustion Products in Fire 35 References 41 Problems 41 3 Conservation Laws for Control Volumes 49 3.1 Introduction 49 3.2 The Reynolds Transport Theorem 50 3.3 Relationship between a Control Volume and System Volume 53 3.4 Conservation of Mass 54 3.5 Conservation of Mass for a Reacting Species 56 3.6 Conservation of Momentum 59 3.7 Conservation of Energy for a Control Volume 61 Problems 70 4 Premixed Flames 77 4.1 Introduction 77 4.2 Reaction Rate 78 4.3 Autoignition 80 4.4 Piloted Ignition 85 4.5 Flame Speed, Su 88 4.5.1 Measurement techniques 89 4.5.2 Approximate theory 90 4.5.3 Fuel lean results 93 4.5.4 Heat loss effects and extinction 93 4.6 Quenching Diameter 95 4.7 Flammability Limits 98 4.8 Empirical Relationships for the Lower Flammability Limit 102 4.9 A Quantitative Analysis of Ignition, Propagation and Extinction 105 4.9.1 Autoignition calculations 105 4.9.2 Piloted ignition calculations 107 4.9.3 Flame propagation and extinction calculations 107 4.9.4 Quenching diameter calculations 108 References 109 Problems 110 5 Spontaneous Ignition 117 5.1 Introduction 117 5.2 Theory of Spontaneous Ignition 119 5.3 Experimental Methods 124 5.4 Time for Spontaneous Ignition 127 References 130 Problems 131 6 Ignition of Liquids 135 6.1 Introduction 135 6.2 Flashpoint 135 6.3 Dynamics of Evaporation 137 6.4 Clausius–Clapeyron Equation 141 6.5 Evaporation Rates 146 References 154 Problems 154 7 Ignition of Solids 159 7.1 Introduction 159 7.2 Estimate of Ignition Time Components 161 7.2.1 Chemical time 161 7.2.2 Mixing time 162 7.2.3 Pyrolysis 163 7.3 Pure Conduction Model for Ignition 164 7.4 Heat Flux in Fire 166 7.4.1 Typical heat flux levels 166 7.4.2 Radiation properties of surfaces in fire 167 7.4.3 Convective heating in fire 167 7.4.4 Flame radiation 169 7.4.5 Heat flux measurements 170 7.4.6 Heat flux boundary conditions 170 7.5 Ignition in Thermally Thin Solids 171 7.5.1 Criterion for thermally thin 171 7.5.2 Thin theory 172 7.5.3 Measurements for thin materials 174 7.6 Ignition of a Thermally Thick Solid 176 7.6.1 Thick theory 176 7.6.2 Measurements for thick materials 180 7.6.3 Autoignition and surface ignition 182 7.7 Ignition Properties of Common Materials 184 References 188 Problems 188 8 Fire Spread on Surfaces and Through Solid Media 191 8.1 Introduction 191 8.2 Surface Flame Spread – The Thermally Thin Case 194 8.3 Transient Effects 198 8.4 Surface Flame Spread for a Thermally Thick Solid 200 8.5 Experimental Considerations for Solid Surface Spread 202 8.5.1 Opposed flow 202 8.5.2 Wind-aided 207 8.6 Some Fundamental Results for Surface Spread 210 8.7 Examples of Other Flame Spread Conditions 213 8.7.1 Orientation effects 213 8.7.2 Porous media 215 8.7.3 Liquid flame spread 216 8.7.4 Fire spread through a dwelling 217 References 219 Problems 220 9 Burning Rate 227 9.1 Introduction 227 9.2 Diffusive Burning of Liquid Fuels 233 9.2.1 Stagnant layer 233 9.2.2 Stagnant layer solution 237 9.2.3 Burning rate – an eigenvalue 241 9.3 Diffusion Flame Variables 243 9.3.1 Concentrations and mixture fractions 243 9.3.2 Flame temperature and location 246 9.4 Convective Burning for Specific Flow Conditions 248 9.5 Radiation Effects on Burning 255 9.6 Property Values for Burning Rate Calculations 259 9.7 Suppression and Extinction of Burning 261 9.7.1 Chemical and physical factors 261 9.7.2 Suppression by water and diluents 262 9.8 The Burning Rate of Complex Materials 267 9.9 Control Volume Alternative to the Theory of Diffusive Burning 269 9.9.1 Condensed phase 271 9.9.2 Gas phase 274 9.10 General Considerations for Extinction Based on Kinetics 277 9.10.1 A demonstration of the similarity of extinction in premixed and diffusion flames 279 9.11 Applications to Extinction for Diffusive Burning 281 References 285 Problems 286 10 Fire Plumes 297 10.1 Introduction 297 10.2 Buoyant Plumes 302 10.2.1 Governing equations 302 10.2.2 Plume characteristic scales 306 10.2.3 Solutions 308 10.3 Combusting Plumes 311 10.4 Finite Real Fire Effects 313 10.4.1 Turbulent axial flame temperatures 313 10.4.2 Plume temperatures 317 10.4.3 Entrainment rate 319 10.4.4 Flame height 322 10.4.5 Jet flames 323 10.4.6 Flame heights for other geometries 325 10.5 Transient Aspects of Fire Plumes 326 10.5.1 Starting plume 327 10.5.2 Fireball or thermal 328 References 332 Problems 334 11 Compartment Fires 339 11.1 Introduction 339 11.1.1 Scope 340 11.1.2 Phases of fires in enclosures 340 11.2 Fluid Dynamics 342 11.2.1 General flow pattern 342 11.2.2 Vent flows 343 11.3 Heat Transfer 347 11.3.1 Convection 348 11.3.2 Conduction 348 11.3.3 Radiation 349 11.3.4 Overall wall heat transfer 351 11.3.5 Radiation loss from the vent 351 11.4 Fuel Behavior 352 11.4.1 Thermal effects 352 11.4.2 Ventilation effects 353 11.4.3 Energy release rate (firepower) 354 11.5 Zone Modeling and Conservation Equations 355 11.5.1 Conservation relationships 356 11.5.2 Dimensionless factors in a solution 357 11.6 Correlations 358 11.6.1 Developing fires 358 11.6.2 Fully developed fires 360 11.7 Semenov Diagrams, Flashover and Instabilities 365 11.7.1 Fixed area fire 366 11.7.2 Second item ignition 366 11.7.3 Spreading fires 368 References 369 Problems 370 12 Scaling and Dimensionless Groups 377 12.1 Introduction 377 12.2 Approaches for Establishing Dimensionless Groups 378 12.2.1 Buckingham pi method 379 12.2.2 Partial differential equation (PDE) method 379 12.2.3 Dimensional analysis 380 12.3 Dimensionless Groups from the Conservation Equations 380 12.3.1 Conservation of mass 381 12.3.2 Conservation of momentum 381 12.3.3 Energy equation 382 12.3.4 Heat losses 384 12.3.5 Mass flows 385 12.3.6 Liquid droplets 386 12.3.7 Chemical species 388 12.3.8 Heat flux and inconsistencies 389 12.3.9 Summary 392 12.4 Examples of Specific Correlations 394 12.4.1 Plume interactions with a ceiling 395 12.4.2 Smoke filling in a leaky compartment 396 12.4.3 Burning rate 397 12.4.4 Compartment fire temperature 398 12.4.5 Effect of water sprays on fire 400 12.5 Scale Modeling 401 12.5.1 Froude modeling 402 12.5.2 Analog scaling methods 403 References 407 Appendix 409 Flammability Properties 409 Archibald Tewarson 409 Index 435

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewA host of books and articles have touched on various aspects of this ongoing story over the years, but none tell the story with the completeness and superb clarity found here. May - June 2010 * Michigan Railfan *Lamb's book is . . . an important contribution to railroad technological history. The book's strength is the author's mastery of the mechanical details, which he presents in a straightforward style. -- Mark Reutter, editor * Railroad History *Lamb provides the reader with detailed descriptions of every generation of diesel locomotive along with a generous supply of excellent photographs. July 2008 -- Maury Klein * Technology and Culture vol. 49 *Table of ContentsPrefaceChapter 1 Precursor TechnologiesChapter 2 Self-propelled CoachesChapter 3 The Diesel Climbs AboardChapter 4 Streamlined TrainsChapter 5 Developments Beyond La GrangeChapter 6 Alco ReboundsChapter 7 Postwar ShakeoutChapter 8 Road Switchers Take OverChapter 9 A Monopolized MarketChapter 10 Special Purpose DesignsChapter 10 New Heights for Diesel PowerChapter 12 Recent DevelopmentsChapter 13 The Diesel Century in PerspectiveReferences Index

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Book SynopsisThe new edition of this thoroughly considered textbook provides a reliable, accessible and comprehensive guide for students of photovoltaic applications and renewable energy engineering. Written by a group of award-winning authors it is brimming with information and is carefully designed to meet the needs of its readers. Along with exercises and references at the end of each chapter, it features a set of detailed technical appendices that provide essential equations, data sources and standards. The new edition has been fully updated with the latest information on photovoltaic cells, modules, applications and policy. Starting from basics with 'The Characteristics of Sunlight' the reader is guided step-by-step through semiconductors and p-n junctions; the behaviour of solar cells; cell properties and design; and PV cell interconnection and module fabrication. The book covers stand-alone photovoltaic systems; specific purpose photovoltaic systems; remote area power supply systems; grid-connected photovoltaic systems and water pumping. Applied Photovoltaics is highly illustrated and very accessible, providing the reader with all the information needed to start working with photovoltaics. Trade ReviewPraise for previous editions"Recommended reading for any course which deals with hands-on aspects of photovoltaic systems and applications. Earthscan should be applauded" – Tom Markvart, University of Southampton, UK"An excellent introduction to the science, principles and practice of photovoltaic energy conversion." – Jenny Nelson, Professor of Physics, Imperial College, London, UK "The leading research, teaching and engineering group has made another important contribution to photovoltaic education." – Allen Barnett, Senior Policy Fellow, Center for Energy and Environmental Policy, University of Delaware, USA. "This book will make an excellent reference for engineers and scientists involved in photovoltaics. The breadth of knowledge contained within and the detailed equations to support it, as well as being an easy reading style will enable people to get to the understanding of why PV systems are put together the way they are - well beyond rules of thumb." – Mike Dymond, Sowilo Engineering Pty Ltd for Solar Progress Table of ContentsIntroduction 1. The Characteristics of Sunlight 2. Semiconductors and P-N Junctions 3. The Behaviour of Solar Cells 4. Cell Properties and Design 5. PV Cell Interconnection and Module Fabrication 6. Stand-alone Photovoltaic System Components 7. Desisigning Stand-alone Photovoltaic Systems 8. Specific Purpose Photovoltaic Applications 9. Remote Area Power Supply Systems 10. Grid Connected Photovoltaic Systems 11. Photovoltaic Water Pumping. Index

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Book SynopsisWith chapters on the roles these forests play in carbon and nutrient cycling, sustaining biodiversity, providing timber and non-timber products, and integrated agriculture, this book offers an overview of successional and restoration pathways. It also underscores the need to conserve, and further study, regenerating tropical forests.

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Trade ReviewAn accessible text with a strong structure that provides a launch pad for further exploration. * Murray Collins, London School of Economics (LSE) *Table of ContentsContents ; Preface ; Acknowledgements ; 1. Fundamentals ; What is energy, and what is power? ; Is most energy that people use derived from nuclear energy? ; What is the origin of nuclear energy? ; What is radioactivity? ; Why is ionizing radiation a health concern? ; What is radioactive half-life, and how can knowing it help increase countries' security? ; How much more energetic is nuclear energy compared to chemical energy? ; Why has it been so difficult to commercialize nuclear fusion? ; How was nuclear fission discovered? ; What role, if any, did Albert Einstein play in the discovery of nuclear energy? ; What is a fission chain reaction? ; What is uranium, where did it come from, and how was it discovered? ; What is plutonium, how was it discovered, and how hazardous is it? ; Why can't nuclear reactors explode like a nuclear bomb? ; What is the nuclear fuel cycle? ; Why are certain activities in the nuclear fuel cycle called <"dual-use>"? ; What are the various uranium enrichment methods? ; What are the nuclear

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Book SynopsisIntroduces the latest developments and technologies in the area of nonlinear aeroelasticity Nonlinear aeroelasticity has become an increasingly popular research area in recent years.Table of ContentsPreface xi Dimitriadis: Nonlinear Aeroelasticity – Series Preface Oct 2016 xiii About the Companion Website xv 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Sources of Nonlinearity 3 1.2 Origins of Nonlinear Aeroelasticity 5 References 6 2 Nonlinear Dynamics 9 2.1 Introduction 9 2.2 Ordinary Differential Equations 9 2.3 Linear Systems 11 2.3.1 Stable Oscillatory Response 13 2.3.2 Neutral Oscillatory Response 15 2.3.3 Unstable Oscillatory Response 17 2.3.4 Stable Non-oscillatory Response 19 2.3.5 Unstable Non-oscillatory Response 21 2.3.6 Fixed Point Summary 23 2.4 Nonlinear Systems 24 2.4.1 Linearisation Around Fixed Points 25 2.4.2 The Pitching Wing Section with Cubic Stiffness 28 2.4.3 The Pitchfork Bifurcation 30 2.5 Stability in the Lyapunov Sense 34 2.6 Asymmetric Systems 37 2.6.1 The Fold Bifurcation 38 2.6.2 The Transcritical Bifurcation 41 2.7 Existence of Periodic Solutions 45 2.7.1 Nonlinear Aeroelastic Galloping 47 2.8 Estimating Periodic Solutions 49 2.8.1 Periodic Solutions of the Nonlinear Galloping Oscillator 50 2.8.2 The Hopf Bifurcation 52 2.9 Stability of Periodic Solutions 53 2.9.1 Stability of Galloping Oscillations 55 2.9.2 Supercritical and Subcritical Hopf Bifurcations 56 2.9.3 The Fold Bifurcation of Cycles 56 2.10 Concluding Remarks 61 References 61 3 Time Integration 63 3.1 Introduction 63 3.2 Euler Method 64 3.2.1 Linear Systems 65 3.2.2 Nonlinear Systems 66 3.3 Central Difference Method 68 3.3.1 Explicit Solution of Nonlinear Systems 69 3.3.2 Implicit Solution of Nonlinear Systems 72 3.4 Runge–Kutta Method 74 3.5 Time-Varying Linear Approximation 80 3.6 Integrating Backwards in Time 86 3.7 Time Integration of Systems with Multiple Degrees of Freedom 88 3.8 Forced Response 92 3.9 Harmonic Balance 99 3.9.1 Newton–Raphson 103 3.9.2 Discrete Fourier Transform Techniques 106 3.10 Concluding Remarks 110 References 111 4 Determining the Vibration Parameters 113 4.1 Introduction 113 4.2 Amplitude and Frequency Determination 113 4.2.1 Event Detection 117 4.3 Equivalent Linearisation 120 4.4 Hilbert Transform 125 4.5 Time-Varying Linear Approximation 129 4.6 Short Time Fourier Transform 131 4.7 Pinpointing Bifurcations 137 4.7.1 Newton–Raphson 141 4.7.2 Successive Bisection 142 4.8 Limit Cycle Study 143 4.9 Poincaré Sections 146 4.10 Stability of Periodic Solutions 149 4.10.1 Floquet Analysis 152 4.11 Concluding Remarks 156 References 156 5 Bifurcations of Fundamental Aeroelastic Systems 159 5.1 Introduction 159 5.2 Two-Dimensional Unsteady Pitch-Plunge-Control Wing 160 5.3 Linear Aeroelastic Analysis 161 5.4 Hardening Stiffness 170 5.4.1 Supercritical Hopf Bifurcation 170 5.4.2 Subcritical Hopf Bifurcation 180 5.4.3 Fold Bifurcation of Cycles 183 5.4.4 Flutter of Nonlinear Systems 189 5.4.5 Period-Doubling Bifurcation 193 5.4.6 Torus Bifurcation 201 5.5 Softening Stiffness 209 5.6 Damping Nonlinearity 214 5.6.1 Subcritical Hopf Bifurcation 216 5.6.2 Static Divergence of Cycles 220 5.6.3 Pitchfork Bifurcation of Cycles 224 5.7 Two-Parameter Bifurcations 233 5.7.1 Generalised Hopf Bifurcation 233 5.7.2 Pitchfork–Hopf Bifurcation 237 5.7.3 Hopf-Hopf Bifurcation 240 5.8 Asymmetric Nonlinear Aeroelastic Systems 242 5.8.1 Fold Bifurcation of Fixed Points and Cycles 243 5.8.2 Transcritical Bifurcation of Fixed Points and Cycles 251 5.8.3 Fold-Hopf Bifurcation 256 5.9 Concluding Remarks 257 References 259 6 Discontinuous Nonlinearities 261 6.1 Introduction 261 6.2 Piecewise Linear Stiffness 262 6.2.1 Underlying and Overlying Linear Systems 264 6.2.2 Fixed Points and Boundary Equilibrium Bifurcations 269 6.2.3 Equivalent Linearisation of Piecewise Linear Stiffness 272 6.2.4 Three-Domain Limit Cycles 278 6.2.5 Two-Domain Limit Cycles 285 6.2.6 Time Domain Solutions 289 6.3 Discontinuity-Induced Bifurcations 297 6.3.1 The Boundary Equilibrium Bifurcation 297 6.3.2 The Grazing Bifurcation 302 6.4 Freeplay and Friction 309 6.5 Concluding Remarks 310 References 310 7 Numerical Continuation 313 7.1 Introduction 313 7.2 Algebraic Problems 314 7.2.1 Prediction Correction 316 7.2.2 Arclength Continuation 321 7.2.3 Pseudo-Arclength Continuation 327 7.3 Direct Location of Folds 328 7.4 Fixed Point Solutions of Dynamic Systems 332 7.4.1 Branch Points 332 7.4.2 Arclength Step Control 337 7.5 Periodic Solutions of Dynamic Systems 342 7.5.1 Starting the Continuation Scheme 348 7.5.2 Folds and Branch Points 351 7.5.3 Branch Switching 355 7.6 Stability of Periodic Solutions Calculated from Numerical Continuation 358 7.7 Shooting 364 7.7.1 Starting the Continuation Scheme 367 7.7.2 Arclength Continuation 368 7.7.3 Stability Analysis 370 7.7.4 Branch Point Location and Branch Switching 372 7.7.5 Grazing 375 7.8 Harmonic Balance 379 7.9 Concluding Remarks 387 References 387 8 Low-Speed Aerodynamic Nonlinearities 389 8.1 Introduction 389 8.2 Vortex-Induced Vibrations 393 8.3 Galloping 402 8.4 Stall Flutter 411 8.4.1 Dynamic Stall 413 8.4.2 Leishman–Beddoes Model 417 8.4.3 ONERA Model 434 8.4.4 Aeroelastic Simulations using Dynamic Stall Models 442 8.5 Concluding Remarks 449 References 449 9 High-Speed Aeroelastic Nonlinearities 453 9.1 Introduction 453 9.2 Piston Theory 453 9.3 Panel Flutter 468 9.3.1 Buckling 470 9.3.2 Limit Cycle Oscillations 484 9.4 Concluding Remarks 501 References 501 10 Finite Wings 503 10.1 Introduction 503 10.2 Cantilever Plate in Supersonic Flow 504 10.3 Three-Dimensional Aerodynamic Modelling by the Vortex Lattice Method 519 10.3.1 Aeroelastic Coupling 528 10.3.2 Transforming to the Time Domain 536 10.3.3 Nonlinear Response 542 10.4 Concluding Remarks 552 References 552 Appendix A: Aeroelastic Models 555 Index 571

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Book SynopsisHow much further should the affluent world push its material consumption? Does relative dematerialization lead to absolute decline in demand for materials? These and many other questions are discussed and answered in Making the Modern World: Materials and Dematerialization.Trade ReviewVaclav Smil receives 2015 OPEC Award for Research "Summing Up: Recommended. Academic, general, and professional readers." (Choice, 1 October 2014) "Vaclav Smil keeps turning out amazing books. Making the Modern World, I just finished, and it's pretty fantastic." (Interview with Bill Gates, 22 January 2014) "This makes the book particularly suitable for students, and not just those in obviously-related disciplines: it's a good example of fact-based reasoning, one material we can always use more of." (Chemistry & Industry, 1 January 2014)Table of ContentsPreface: Why and How ix 1. What Gets Included 1 2. How We Got Here 7 2.1 Materials Used by Organisms 8 2.2 Materials in Prehistory 11 2.3 Ancient and Medieval Materials 15 2.4 Materials in the Early Modern Era 22 2.5 Creating Modern Material Civilization 27 2.6 Materials in the Twentieth Century 34 3. What Matters Most 45 3.1 Biomaterials 46 3.2 Construction Materials 52 3.3 Metals 57 3.4 Plastics 62 3.5 Industrial Gases 65 3.6 Fertilizers 70 3.7 Materials in Electronics 72 4. How the Materials Flow 77 4.1 Material Flow Accounts 79 4.2 America’s Material Flows 83 4.3 European Balances 87 4.4 Materials in China’s Modernization 90 4.5 Energy Cost of Materials 94 4.6 Life-Cycle Assessments 103 4.7 Recycling 111 5. Are We Dematerializing? 119 5.1 Apparent Dematerializations 120 5.2 Relative Dematerializations: Specific Weight Reductions 122 5.3 Consequences of Dematerialization 129 5.4 Relative Dematerialization in Modern Economies 137 5.5 Declining Energy Intensities 143 5.6 Decarbonization and Desulfurization 150 6. Material Outlook 157 6.1 Natural Resources 158 6.2 Wasting Less 165 6.3 New Materials and Dematerialization 168 6.4 Chances of Fundamental Departures 173 Appendix A Units and Unit Multiples 181 Appendix B US Material Production, GDP and Population, 1900–2005 183 Appendix C Global Population, Economic Product, and Production of Food, Major Materials, and Fuels 1900–2010 185 Appendix D Global Energy Cost of Major Materials in 2010 187 Appendix E 189 References 191 Index 223

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Book SynopsisKeeping a few hens was once only for rural dwellers with big yards - or inner-city hippies. Now it's mainstream and an attractive proposition wherever you live. Fluffy little recycling units that eat weeds, bugs and scraps and turn them into organic eggs - what's not to love? Chickens are great backyard pets for young and old - they're a natural extension for everyone with a vegie patch, and for those who like eggs but are concerned about the welfare of commercial hens. This book is the perfect reference, whether you're already keeping chickens or an absolute beginner thinking about getting a couple of chooks. Dave Ingham offers compulsively readable advice on how to start, housing and feeding, settling chickens in with other pets, troubleshooting, and the (minimal) commitment required to keep your backyard hens healthy and happy.'This book is the what for, how to, where and why of chickens for novices and wranglers alike.' - Costa Georgiadis, ABC Gardening Australia

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Book SynopsisTo begin to understand this apparent contradiction in terms, we must first understand the exacting nature of space technologies and the concerns of those who create them.Trade ReviewSoundly based on the secondary literature and on archival research in the United States and Europe and provides an excellent overview of the topic within Johnson's chosen boundaries... I can highly recommend Johnson's book to historians of both the Cold War military and civilian space programs. Journal of Military History Johnson has been inspired by engineering to write good history. -- Jon Agar British Journal for the History of Science 2004 A book for general readers interested in business and management issues in the space program. Choice 2003 Johnson's in-depth, nuts-and-bolts manual sheds much light on a seldom studied secret of our recent space history. Space Review 2006 Well written and engaging in style. Satellite Evolution Group 2007Table of ContentsContents: Introduction: Managment and the Conrol of Research Social and Technical Issues of Spaceflight Creating Concurrency From Concurrency to Systems Managment JPL's Journey from Missiles to Space Organizing the Manned Space Program Organizing ELDO for Failure ERSO's American Bridge across the Managment Gap Coordination and Control of High-Tech Research and Development

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