Technology, Engineering & Agriculture Books

Book SynopsisThird-generation syrup makers Alison and Steven Anderson show you how to collect sap using a tree-friendly tubing system and then cook, package, and even market your own syrup. With expert advice for first-time bottlers, the Andersons share their passion with a contagious excitement that is as inspiring as a bowl of sugar on snow.

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Book SynopsisThe Helicopter Pilot's Companion is essential reading for those who are considering training to be a helicopter pilot, those currently undertaking training and those who have recently gained their Private Pilot's Licence for helicopters. Written in a clear, no-nonsense style, it covers a whole range of subjects concerning rotary aviation including common myths about flying helicopters, choosing a flying school and an instructor, the basics of rotary aerodynamics, and all practical aspects of learning to fly helicopters. Issues are examined that are important when the new helicopter pilot has gained his, or her, licence and is able to fly along, including flying with passengers, coping with challenging weather and dealing with emergencies. In addition, the author provides useful advice to those readers who are considering becoming professional helicopter pilots.

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Book SynopsisHemp production for industrial purposes continues to grow worldwide, and is currently being used for many applications including house insulation, paper making, animal bedding, fabric, rope making and also as a biofuel. This book brings together international experts to examine all aspects of industrial hemp production, including the origins of hemp production, as well as the botany and anatomy, genetics and breeding, quality assessment, regulations, and the agricultural and industrial economics of hemp production. A translation of Le Chanvre Industriel, this book has been revised and updated for an international audience and is essential reading for producers of industrial hemp, industry personnel and agriculture researchers and students.Table of Contents1: Hemp: A Plant with a Worldwide Distribution 2: The History of Hemp 3: Physiology and Botany of Industrial Hemp 4: Genetics and Selection of Hemp 5: Factors Affecting the Yield of Industrial Hemp – Experimental Results from France 6: Hemp Agronomics and Cultivation 7: Legislative Controls on the Cultivation of Hemp 8: The Agricultural Economics of Hemp 9: The Industrial Hemp Economy 10: Integrated Quality Management for Bast Fibres in Technical Applications 11: Use of Natural Fibres in Composites for German Automotive Production from 1999 to 2005 12: Increasing Demand for European Hemp Fibres 13: Hemp in Papermaking 14: Hemp and Plastics 15: Medicinal Uses of Hemp 16: Hemp Seeds for Nutrition 17: Hemp and the Construction Industry 18: The Uses of Hemp for Domestic Animals 19: Chemical and Morphological Differences in Hemp Varieties 20: Hemp Production Outside the EU – North America and Eastern Europe 21: The Role of Hemp in Sustainable Development

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Book SynopsisChemical reaction engineering is concerned with the exploitation of chemical reactions on a commercial scale. Ita s goal is the successful design and operation of chemical reactors. This text emphasizes qualitative arguments, simple design methods, graphical procedures, and frequent comparison of capabilities of the major reactor types.Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: Overview of Chemical Reaction Engineering. HOMOGENEOUS REACTIONS IN IDEAL REACTORS. Introduction to Reactor Design. Design for Single Reactions. Design for Parallel Reactions. Potpourri of Multiple Reactions. NON IDEAL FLOW. Compartment Models. The Dispersion Model. The Tank-in-Series Model. REACTIONS CATALYZED BY SOLIDS. Solid Catalyzed Reactions. The Packed Bed Catalytic Reactor. Deactivating Catalysts. HETEROGENEOUS REACTIONS. Fluid-Fluid Reactions: Kinetics. Fluid-Particle Reactions: Design. BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS. Enzyme Fermentation. Substrate Limiting Microbial Fermentation. Product Limiting Microbial Fermentation. Appendix. Index.

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Book SynopsisJonathan Ward takes the reader deep into the facilities at Kennedy Space Center to describe NASA’s first computer systems used for spacecraft and rocket checkout and explain how tests and launches proceeded. Descriptions of early operations include a harrowing account of the heroic efforts of pad workers during the Apollo 1 fire. A companion to the author’s book Countdown to a Moon Launch: Preparing Apollo for Its Historic Journey, this explores every facet of the facilities that served as the base for the Apollo/Saturn missions. Hundreds of illustrations complement the firsthand accounts of more than 70 Apollo program managers and engineers. The era of the Apollo/Saturn missions was perhaps the most exciting period in American space exploration history. Cape Canaveral and Kennedy Space Center were buzzing with activity. Thousands of workers came to town to build the facilities and launch the missions needed to put an American on the Moon before the end of the decade. Work at KSC involved much more than just launching rockets. It was a place like none other on Earth. Technicians performed intricate operations, and hazards abounded everywhere, including lightning, fire, highly-toxic fuels, snakes, heat, explosives, LOX spills, and even plutonium. The reward for months of 7-day workweeks under intense pressure was witnessing a Saturn V at liftoff.For anyone who ever wished they had worked at Kennedy Space Center during the Apollo era, this book is the next best thing. The only thing missing is the smell of rocket fuel in the morning.Trade Review“Ward … makes the inner workings of the Apollo and Saturn space missions very understandable. … He does a fantastic job of showing the behind-the-scenes work that allowed the Apollo and Saturn space missions to take place. All readers interested in the history of space exploration will enjoy this work. Summing Up: Highly recommended. All readership levels.” (C. Charnaswskas-Jasionowicz, Choice, Vol. 53 (9), May, 2016)“Rocket Ranch is an enjoyable overview of the Kennedy Space Center during the 1960s and a once-over-lightly account of the Moon landing program. … Contained here is the best account I have seen of the computing efforts at KSC and the operational aspects of the Apollo program. There is also a lengthy chapter on the Apollo 1 fire that many will find of interest. Ward relies on more than seventy interviews that he personally conducted … .” (Roger Launius's Blog, launiusr.wordpress.com, March, 2016)“Rocket Ranch is the most recent attempt by memorabilia collectors to provide a technical description of Kennedy Space Center. Space Center enthusiasts and technophiles will love the detailed descriptions and the stories drawn from Ward’s interviews with employees, contractors, and associates of Kennedy Space Center during the Apollo era. … Kennedy Space Center technophiles will love Ward’s Rocket Ranch for providing them a more detailed and largely accurate description of Apollo-era technology infrastructure in a well-organized tour guide format.” (Orville Butler, Quest, Vol. 23 (2), 2016)Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Setting the Stage for Apollo/Saturn 1960-1966.- The Apollo 1 Fire.- The Spacecraft Assembly and Checkout Facilities.- The VAB and the Mobile Launcher.- The Launch Control Center and Firing Rooms.- Launch Pads 39A and 39B.- Life at the Launch Pad.- Epilogue: The End of an Era.

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Book SynopsisReady to enter the robot world? This book walks you through building your very own little metal assistant from a kit, dressing it up, giving it a brain, programming it to do things, even making it talk. It also includes some titbits about robot history, icons and other navigational aids; tear-out cheat sheet; and top ten lists.Table of ContentsIntroduction 1 About This Book 1 Conventions Used in This Book 1 What You’re Not to Read 2 Foolish Assumptions 2 How This Book Is Organized 3 Part I: Getting Started with Robotics 3 Part II: Programmable Robot Prep 4 Part III: Building a Programmable Robot 4 Part IV: Augmenting Your Programmable Robot 4 Part V: The Part of Tens 5 Icons Used in This Book 5 Where to Go from Here 6 Part I: Getting Started with Robotics 7 Chapter 1: So, You Want to Build a Robot? 9 The Robotics Revolution 10 Where have we been? 10 Are we there yet? 10 Where are we going? 11 Robot Uses 12 Security 12 Surveillance and exploration 13 Human helper 14 Chapter 2: Plotting a Path 15 Starting with a Kit 15 Selecting a Robot Kit 16 Nonprogrammable kits 17 Programmable kits 21 Moving Up to Robot Construction Sets 24 Anatomy of a robot construction set 24 Grow, grow, and outgrow! 25 Building a Robot from Scratch 25 Choosing what to get off the shelf 25 Parts sources 27 Economics and Time Considerations 28 Start small 28 Haste makes waste 29 Don’t get stuck in a rut! 29 Reuse and recycle 29 Get testy with your robot 30 Get on the right path 30 Chapter 3: Building Your First Robot 31 Robot Kit to the Rescue 31 On Your Mark, Get Set 32 Making time 32 Your workspace 33 Tools and grunting noises 33 Precautions 34 It’s in the book 36 Let the Building Begin 36 Jumping ahead 36 Going nuts 37 Cutting up 37 The story of gears and motors 37 Batteries are last 37 Extra parts 38 Testing and Troubleshooting 38 The dead robot 39 Motor problems 39 Side stepping 40 Soccer Jr in Action 40 Soccer 40 Gathering balls 41 Shooting pool 41 Sumo without the bulk 42 Learning Your Robot Chops 42 Motors making my head spin 42 Grinding those gears 43 Cams, but not for the Web 44 Juicing it up with batteries 45 Baby Robot Steps 48 Part II: Programmable Robot Prep 49 Chapter 4: Setting Up Your Robot Workshop 51 Creating an Ideal Work Area 51 Getting Organized 53 Tool Time 54 Personal computer 54 Testing equipment 55 Power strips 59 Machining 60 CAD software 60 Testing your circuit board design 60 Integrated development environment 61 Device programmers 61 How to Solder 62 Soldering 101 62 Undoing solder mistakes 63 Soldering tips 64 How do you keep it so clean? 66 Anti-Static Considerations: Can’t Touch This! 66 Mr Owl, how many volts does it take ? 66 The honorable discharge 67 A Robot Library 68 Chapter 5: The Nuts and Bolts of Robot Building 71 Pieces and Parts 71 What’s It All Made Of? 72 Heavy metal 72 One word — plastic 73 It was good enough for Pinocchio 73 Nuts and Bolts 74 Double standards 74 Don’t fall apart on me 74 Motors for Locomotion 75 The useful DC gear motor 75 The versatile RC servo 79 Making Sense of Sensors 82 Electronics Primer 83 Resistors resist 83 Take charge with capacitors 85 Cable, connectors, and wires 87 Semiconductors 88 Creating circuit boards 90 Power to the Robots 94 Series and parallel demystified 95 Bench DC power supply 95 Tethered power 97 Chapter 6: A Programming Primer 99 Software and Computers 99 Keep it modular 100 Programming: The low road 100 Programming: The high road 101 Programming quick-start 101 Anatomy of a Program 102 Comments 102 Declarations 103 Instructions 104 Sample program 104 Useful Code Snippets 105 Useful Subroutines 107 Starting a program 108 Backing away to the left 108 Sounding an alarm 109 Okay, I Programmed Now What? 110 Part III: Building a Programmable Robot 111 Chapter 7: Preparing to Build a Programmable Robot 113 Robot Components Overview 114 Looking at basic robot parts 114 Looking at ARobot’s components 116 Assembly Process Overview 117 Organizing and Prepping the Parts 118 Gathering your tools 119 Preparing the parts 119 To Paint or Not to Paint? 120 The rugged look 120 The snazzy look 121 Chapter 8: From Whiskers to Wheels 123 Starting with Whiskers 123 Attaching the Drive Motor 125 Dealing with Wheels 126 The encoder sensor 126 The front wheel axle 126 Rear steering alignment 129 Chapter 9: If I Only Had a Brain 133 Adding the Controller 133 Selecting just the right controller 134 Installing the controller board 135 Installing the controller 136 Connecting the battery cable 136 Connecting the body cable 138 Finishing Touches 138 Turning ARobot On 139 Chapter 10: Introducing Your Robot to Your Computer 141 Working with the Basic Stamp Editor 141 Installing the software 142 Opening the editor 142 Loading or creating a program 142 Downloading a program to ARobot 142 Troubleshooting downloading 145 Running the Built-In Programs 146 Testing the robot’s functions 146 Adjusting the steering 149 Wandering around with the Wander program 150 Troubleshooting 150 Tricky whiskers 151 Steering gone astray 151 Getting the drive motor right 152 Controller, this is the tower We have a problem 152 The dead robot 153 Part IV: Augmenting Your Programmable Robot 155 Chapter 11: Expanding Your Robot’s Universe 157 Adding Rear Whiskers 157 All about whiskers 158 Collecting the parts 159 Installing the whiskers 160 Controlling the whiskers 163 Adding an Expansion Board 165 Collecting the parts 167 Preparing the board 167 Installing the expansion board 168 Building a Motorized Head 172 Selecting a motor 173 Mounting the motor 174 Adding a perf board 175 Controlling the motor 175 Troubleshooting 177 Accessorizing 177 Wheel covers 178 Handles 178 Beefing up the payload capacity 179 Running lights 181 Clear dome 182 Rubber bumpers 183 Chapter 12: Making Your Robot See the Light 185 Making Sense of Light Sensors 185 The hardware part 186 And the software part 186 Pulling Together the Light-Sensing Hardware 187 Selecting the sensor 188 Testing the sensor before you commit 188 Planning and building the circuit 189 Interfacing to the controller 192 Writing the Software That Interprets the Hardware 195 Writing the low-level software 195 Hooking up with the high-level software 196 Troubleshooting the software 197 Putting Your Sensor to Work: Real-World Applications 198 Making your robot sleepy 198 Programming a light alarm 200 Positioning the light sensor 202 More Light Sensor Ideas 205 Improving direction sensing 206 Software filtering 206 Overdoing it 207 Chapter 13: Some Like It Hot 209 Sensational Temperature Sensors 209 Thermistors can take the heat 210 Semiconductors: Sensitive, three-legged creatures 211 Building the Temperature-Sensor System 212 Under the hood: Creating a temperature-sensor circuit 213 Collecting the parts 214 Installing the temperature sensor 215 Temperature sensor, meet the controller 215 Turning the switch 217 The Brains of the Beast: The Software 218 The driver at the lower level 218 Taking things to a higher level 219 Hot or cold: Testing the software 220 Making sense of the numbers 221 Troubleshooting temperature-sensor software 221 Turning Up the Heat: Real-World Applications 222 Your new hobby: Temperature logging 223 Danger: Temperature alarm 227 Robots that run hot and cold 229 Chapter 14: Halt! Who Goes There? 233 Detecting Motion: An Overview 233 Building the Motion-Detector System 235 Collecting the parts 235 Wired for motion 237 Testing the motion detector 240 Troubleshooting the motion-detector sensor 242 The assembly: Putting the sensor in place 243 The Brains of the Beast: The Software 244 Low-level code 245 High-level code 245 Troubleshooting 246 Real-World Applications 247 Doorway greeting 247 Pest alarm 250 Chapter 15: Yakety-Yak: Adding Speech to Your Robot 251 Straight Talk about Speech Technology 252 Electronic deflation to the rescue 252 The power of text-to-speech systems 253 Building a Speech System 255 Getting speech off-the-shelf 255 Collecting the parts 258 Wiring 258 Mounting the speech module 260 Testing 261 Troubleshooting 262 Creating Sound Software 263 Communicating with the sound module 263 The sound module command reference 264 Recording sound 266 Building Your Robot’s Vocabulary 268 Putting Speech to Work 268 Debugging 269 Navigation 269 Safety 269 Security 269 Data collection 269 Making music 270 Talking about Robots 270 Chapter 16: I See You 271 All about Video Systems 271 Some general guidelines 272 Cameras 272 Monitors 276 Tethered or wireless? 277 To hear or not to hear 279 Where to buy? 280 Pretesting 281 Mounting a Board Camera 282 Collecting components 282 Mounting the camera 283 Providing power 286 Determining connector gender 287 Making and soldering the cable 288 Creating a Tethered Video System 289 Video-only tether 290 Tethering other signals 291 Attaching cables 292 Using the tethered video system 294 Creating a Wireless Video System 294 Installing the transmitter 294 Connecting the receiver and monitor 295 Using the wireless video system 295 Troubleshooting 296 Wireless Data Links 297 Camera Positioning 298 Facing straight 299 Three-step panning 299 Slow scanning 300 Adding a tilt axis 301 Applications Using the Video System 302 Navigation 302 Inspection 303 Exploration 303 Security 303 A Robot’s Vision 304 Chapter 17: Controlling Your Robot from Afar 305 All about Remote Control 305 Optical remote control 306 Tethered remote control 306 Radio-frequency remote control 307 The Lowdown on RC Systems 307 Model RC systems 308 RC servo motors: The power behind RC 309 The RC servo-motor interface 310 RC system frequencies 310 Channels 311 Purchasing an RC System 311 What’s the cost? 311 Buying online 312 Installing an RC System 312 Wiring 313 Mounting the RC receiver 316 Antenna 318 Testing 319 Software 319 Troubleshooting 322 Half and Half: RC and Autonomous Behavior 322 Getting things wired 324 Software 324 Part V: The Part of Tens 327 Chapter 18: Ten Excellent Parts Suppliers 329 Tower Hobbies 329 Supercircuits 330 Mouser Electronics 330 Parallax 331 McMaster-Carr 332 Stock Drive Products 332 Radio Shack 333 80/20 334 Edmund Scientific 334 Parts Suppliers a la Carte 335 Circuit Specialties 335 Jameco Electronics 335 Marlin P Jones & Assoc 336 All Electronics 336 Mendelsons Electronics 336 Ramsey Kits 336 Small Parts 336 JK Micro 337 Carl’s Electronics 337 Chapter 19: Ten Safety Pointers 339 Cut Away from Your Body 339 Avoid the Pinch Points 339 Slipping Is Bad 340 Soldering Pitfalls 340 Hot Glue Follies 340 Super Glue on You 341 Dancing around the Drill 341 AC Stands for Are You Crazy! 341 Discharging Capacitors 342 Clipping Nippers 342 Index 343

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Book SynopsisSweeping in scope and conceptually ambitious, this book tells a story of infrastructure and of global flows of money, goods, and people.Trade Review"What is the relation between the unity and stability of the nation-state and the state of a nation's infrastructure? In addressing this question, Roads forces us to consider, among much else, the expertise of infrastructure's architects, the construction engineers, whose work is attuned to the instability, unruliness and unevenness of the environments within which infrastructure is assembled. The infrastructure of the road turns out not to be the stable base on which the state can ground its existence, but a situated achievement. Penny Harvey and Hannah Knox’s remarkable ethnography of infrastructure is a vital intervention, in anthropology and beyond." -- Andrew Barry, University College London, author of Material Politics: Disputes Along the PipelineTable of ContentsIntroduction: Anthropology, Infrastructure, and ExpertisePART I. ROADS AS STATE SPACE: PAST DESIRES AND FUTURE IMAGINARIES1. Historical Futures2. Integration and DifferencePART II. CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES, REGULATORY DEVICES3. Figures in the Soil4. Health and Safety and the Politics of Safe Living5. Corruption and Public WorksPART III. THE MODERN STATE: PROMISE AND DEFERRAL6. Impossible Publics7. Conclusions: Inauguration, Engineering, and the Politics of Infrastructural FormNotes References Index

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Book SynopsisPublisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product.

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Book SynopsisAstrophysicist and NPR commentator Adam Frank reveals what the latest research on alien civilisations may tell us about our own.Trade Review"In this provocative new book, Adam Frank makes the case that one good way to think about life on Earth is to think about the prospect of life on other planets—and what it might have to teach us about how to be good Earthlings." -- Sean Carroll"Pleasingly, the findings here are more hopeful and proactive than has been the case elsewhere, encouraging us to take charge and create a better future. As far as messages go, it's not a bad one." -- How It Works"We may have no proof that aliens exist, but US astrophysicist Adam Frank is pretty convinced." -- Best Holiday Reading - New Scientist"With an easy-to follow writing style, Frank has thoughtfully tackled the concept of life beyond Earth, without resorting to fantasies of' little green men'. Light of the Stars is a concise and insightful read, which, aside from being very difficult to put down, will leave you wanting to learn more about the potential for life amongst the stars. So sit down and get comfortable, as you may be glued to this book for some time." -- BBC Sky at Night"The author makes the case that as the exploration of Venus and Mars helped humanity properly formulate the theory of the greenhouse effect, so can exoplanets and the search for exo-civilizations inform how we deal with the growing pains of a maturing civilization at odds with its own host planet." -- On our Bookshelf - Nature

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Book SynopsisSuperlatives tend to fail in describing Joan Blaeu’s Atlas Maior—that being said, it stands as one of the most extravagant feats in the history of mapmaking. The original Latin edition, completed in 1665, was the largest and most expensive book to be published during the 17th century. Its 594 maps appearing across 11 volumes spanned Arctica, Africa, Asia, Europe, and America. Ambitious in scale and artistry, it is included in the Canon of Dutch History, an official survey of 50 individuals, creations, or events that chart the most important historical developments of the Netherlands. TASCHEN’s meticulous reprint brings this luxurious Baroque wonder into the hands of modern readers. In an age of digitized cartography and global connectivity, it celebrates the steadfast beauty of quality printing and restores the wonder of an exploratory age, in which Blaeu’s native Amsterdam was a center of international trade and discovery.This edition is based on the Austrian National Library’s complete colored and gold-heightened copy of Atlas Maior, assuring the finest detail and quality. University of Amsterdam’s Peter van der Krogt introduces the historical and cultural significance of the atlas while providing detailed descriptions for individual maps, revealing the full scale and ambition of Blaeu’s masterwork.Trade Review“There can be few books out there more jaw-droppingly gorgeous than this extraordinary Atlas.” * TNT Magazine *

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Book SynopsisA hands-on introduction to FPGA prototyping and SoC design This Second Edition of the popular book follows the same learning-by-doing approach to teach the fundamentals and practices of VHDL synthesis and FPGA prototyping. It uses a coherent series of examples to demonstrate the process to develop sophisticated digital circuits and IP (intellectual property) cores, integrate them into an SoC (system on a chip) framework, realize the system on an FPGA prototyping board, and verify the hardware and software operation. The examples start with simple gate-level circuits, progress gradually through the RT (register transfer) level modules, and lead to a functional embedded system with custom I/O peripherals and hardware accelerators. Although it is an introductory text, the examples are developed in a rigorous manner, and the derivations follow strict design guidelines and coding practices used for large, complex digital systems. The new edition is completely Table of ContentsPreface ix Acknowledgments xv PART I BASIC DIGITAL CIRCUITS DEVELOPMENT 1 Gate-level Combinational Circuit 1 1.1 Overview of VHDL 1 1.2 General description 2 1.3 Structural description 6 1.4 Top-level signal mapping 8 1.5 Testbench 9 1.6 Bibliographic notes 11 1.7 Suggested experiments 11 2 Overview of FPGA and EDA software 13 2.1 FPGA 13 2.2 Overview of the Digilent Nexys 4 DDR board 15 2.3 Development flow 16 2.4 Xilinx Vivado Design Suite 18 2.5 Bibliographic notes 18 2.6 Suggested experiments 18 3 RT-level combinational circuit 23 3.1 RT-level components 23 3.2 Routing circuit with concurrent assignment statements 29 3.3 Modeling with a process 34 3.4 Routing circuit with if and case statements 36 3.5 Constants and generics 41 3.6 Replicated structure 44 3.7 Design examples 46 3.8 Bibliographic notes 58 3.9 Suggested experiments 58 4 Regular Sequential Circuit 61 4.1 Introduction 61 4.2 HDL code of the FF and register 64 4.3 Simple design examples 67 4.4 Testbench for sequential circuits 72 4.5 Case study 75 4.6 Timing and clocking 87 4.7 Bibliographic notes 90 4.8 Suggested experiments 90 5 FSM 93 5.1 Introduction 93 5.2 FSM code development 97 5.3 Design examples 100 5.4 Bibliographic notes 110 5.5 Suggested experiments 110 6 FSMD 113 6.1 Introduction 113 6.2 Code development of an FSMD 119 6.3 Design examples 125 6.4 Bibliographic notes 140 6.5 Suggested experiments 141 7 RAM and Buffer of FPGA 145 7.1 Embedded memory of FPGA device 145 7.2 General description for RAM-like component 147 7.3 FIFO buffer 153 7.4 HDL templates for memory inference 158 7.5 Overview of memory controller 164 7.6 Bibliographic notes 166 7.7 Suggested experiments 166 PART II EMBEDDED SOC I: VANILLA FPRO SYSTEM 8 Overview of Embedded SoC Systems 171 8.1 Embedded SoC 171 8.2 Development Flow of Embedded SoC 173 8.3 FPro SoC Platform 176 8.4 Adaption on Digilent Nexys 4 DDR board 180 8.5 Portability 182 8.6 Organization 184 8.7 Bibliographic notes 184 9 Bare Metal System Software Development 187 9.1 Bare metal system development overview 187 9.2 Memory-mapped I/O 189 9.3 Direct I/O Register Access 191 9.4 Robust I/O Register Access 193 9.5 Techniques for low-level I/O operations 197 9.6 Device Drivers 199 9.7 FPro Utility Routines and Directory Structure 204 9.8 Test program 208 9.9 Bibliographic notes 211 9.10 Suggested experiments 211 10 FPro Bus Protocol and MMIO Slot Specification 213 10.1 FPro Bus 213 10.2 Interface with bus 216 10.3 MMIO I/O core 222 10.4 Timer core development 226 10.5 MMIO controller 229 10.6 MCS I/O bus and bridge 234 10.7 Vanilla FPRO System Construction 238 10.8 Bibliographic notes 240 10.9 Suggested experiments 240 11 UART Core 243 11.1 Introduction 243 11.2 UART Construction 245 11.3 UART core development 253 11.4 UART driver 256 11.5 Additional Project Ideas 262 11.6 Bibliographic notes 265 11.7 Suggested experiments 266 PART III EMBEDDED SOC II: BASIC I/O CORES 12 Xilinx XADC Core 271 12.1 Overview of XADC 271 12.2 XADC core development 273 12.3 XADC core device driver 278 12.4 Sampler FPro System 281 12.5 Additional Project Ideas 291 12.6 Bibliographic notes 292 12.7 Suggested experiments 292 13 Pulse Width Modulation Core 295 13.1 Introduction 295 13.2 PWM Design 296 13.3 PWM core development 299 13.4 PWM driver 302 13.5 Testing 303 13.6 Project ideas 304 13.7 Suggested experiments 305 14 Debouncing core and LED-Mux Core 307 14.1 Debouncing Core 307 14.2 LED-Mux Core 313 14.3 Project Ideas 319 14.4 Suggested Experiments 320 15 SPI Core 323 15.1 Overview 323 15.3 SPI Core Development 333 15.4 SPI Driver 336 15.5 Test 338 15.6 Project Ideas 341 15.7 Bibliographic notes 342 15.8 Suggested Experiments 342 16 I2C Core 347 16.1 Overview 347 16.2 I2C Controller 350 16.3 I2C Core Development 360 16.4 I2C Driver 361 16.5 Test 365 16.6 Project Idea 366 16.7 Bibliographic notes 367 16.8 Suggested experiments 367 17 PS2 Core 371 17.1 Introduction 371 17.2 PS2 Controller 373 17.3 PS2 core development 383 17.4 PS2 driver 384 17.5 Test 393 17.6 Bibliographic notes 394 17.7 Suggested experiments 394 18 Sound I: DDFS Core 397 18.1 Introduction 397 18.2 Design and implementation 397 18.3 Fixed-point arithmetic 400 18.4 DDFS Construction 402 18.5 DAC (digital-to-analog converter) 404 18.6 DDFS core development 407 18.7 DDFS driver 409 18.8 Testing 412 18.9 Bibliographic notes 413 18.10 Suggested experiments 413 19 Sound II: ADSR Core 415 19.1 Introduction 415 19.2 ADSR envelope generator 416 19.3 ADSR core development 421 19.4 ADRS driver 423 19.5 Testing 429 19.6 Project Idea 430 19.7 Bibliographic notes 431 19.8 Suggested experiments 431 PART IV EMBEDDED SOC III: VIDEO CORES 20 Introduction to Video System 435 20.1 Introduction to a video display 435 20.2 Stream interface 437 20.3 VGA Synchronization 439 20.4 Bar test-pattern generator 448 20.5 Color-to-grayscale conversion circuit 449 20.6 Demo video system 451 20.7 Advanced video standards 452 20.8 Bibliographic notes 453 20.9 Suggested experiments 454 21 FPro Video Subsystem 457 21.1 Organization of video subsystem 457 21.2 FPro video IP core 461 21.3 Example video cores 466 21.4 FPro video synchronization core 470 21.5 Daisy video subsystem 479 21.6 Vanilla daisy FPro system 486 21.7 Video driver and testing program 490 21.8 Bibliographic notes 493 21.9 Suggested experiments 493 22 Sprite Core 497 22.1 Introduction 497 22.2 Basic design 498 22.3 Mouse pointer core 500 22.4 “Ghost” character core 505 22.5 Sprite core driver and testing program 513 22.6 Bibliographic notes 516 22.7 Suggested experiments 516 23 On-Screen-Display Core 519 23.1 Introduction to tile graphics 519 23.2 Basic OSD design 521 23.3 OSD core 524 23.4 OSD core driver and testing program 530 23.5 Bibliographic notes 532 23.6 Suggested experiments 532 24 VGA Frame Buffer Core 535 24.1 Overview 535 24.2 Frame buffer core 536 24.3 Register map 540 24.4 Driver and testing program 542 543 24.5 Project Ideas 545 24.6 Bibliographic notes 547 24.7 Suggested experiments 547 PART V EPILOGUE 25 What Next 553 References 557 Appendix A: Tutorials 561 A.1 Overview of Xilinx Vivado IDE 561 A.2 Short tutorial on Vivado hardware development 565 A.3 Short tutorial on Vivado simulation 570 A.4 Tutorial on IP instantiation 574 A.5 Short tutorial on FPro system development 580 A.6 Bibliographic notes 587 Topic Index 589

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Book SynopsisIn order to face new challenges and unique situations in turfgrass management, students need to understand why specific management practices work and how to adjust them based on plants' requirements. Explaining the physiological needs of turfgrass plants, this advanced textbook outlines the management techniques that help supply those needs. Chapters discuss a range of practices and methods to cope with stress under both normal and less than optimum conditions, providing the decision making tools for improvement based on changing environmental conditions. This book presents a unique perspective of both science and practical management principles that will be applicable to all turfgrass sectors.Table of Contents1: Diagnosing Plant Need 2: Managing Plant stress 3: Encouraging photosynthesis 4: Carbohydrate Assimilation 5: Why C3 and C4 grasses require different management 6: Management practices and plant physiology 7: The importance of light and managing shade 8: Adjusting nutrition to the environment 9: Managing water and water stress 10: Adjusting for temperature stress 11: Soil and sand 12: The ecology of turfgrass management 13: Managing competition among plant species 14: Managing competition among turf and its pests 15: Making the right decisions

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Book SynopsisEmergency is a collection of true stories about events where disaster seems imminent. Yet each situation is concluded without loss of life thanks to the skill of the pilots and their crews, whose bravery and resourcefulness have earned them well deserved commendations.

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Book SynopsisStatik in der Ebene.- Schwerpunktslehre.- Reibung.- Dynamik.- Festigkeitslehre.- Fluidmechanik.

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Book SynopsisPrinciples of Environmental Engineering is intended for a course in introductory environmental engineering for sophomore- or junior-level students. This text provides a background in fundamental science and engineering principles of environmental engineering for students who may or may not become environmental engineers. Principles places more emphasis on scientific principles, ethics, and safety, and focuses less on engineering design. The text exposes students to a broad range of environmental topicsincluding risk management, water quality and treatment, air pollution, hazardous waste, solid waste, and ionizing radiation as well as discussion of relevant regulations and practices.The book also uses mass and energy balance as a tool for understanding environmental processes and solving environmental engineering problems.

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Book SynopsisThe eleven lessons in this tutorial introduce you to the design capabilities of Creo Parametric 9.0. Major topics include part and assembly creation, and creation of engineering drawings. This book has been written specifically with students in mind.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents an in-depth and deeply engaged conversation among interfaith religious leaders and interdisciplinary scholars and practitioners in pursuit of an ethical consensus that could ground sustainable development efforts.Trade ReviewIn Ethics in Action for Sustainable Development, religious leaders of many faiths and scholars of many disciplines address the ethics of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals. Their message is timely and hopeful: the world’s great religious and ethical traditions share the common commitment to end poverty, assure social justice, and achieve environmental sustainability. The world can indeed come together to build the Future We Want. -- Ban Ki-moon, former secretary-general of the United NationsI came away from this book with a lot of new information and ideas but also a sense of relief: maybe it isn't too late; maybe humanity and much of the other life on the planet is not irrevocably lost and without hope. Ethics in Action for Sustainable Development brings together a broad coalition of authors from disparate disciplines and shows how all of their work is connected to the pressing need to address environmental degradation. -- Philip J. Ivanhoe, author of Oneness: East Asian Conceptions of Virtue, Happiness, and How We Are All ConnectedTable of ContentsForeword, by Pope Francis and Ecumenical Patriarch BartholomewIntroduction, by Jeffrey D. Sachs and Owen FlanaganPart I: Advancing the Common Good: Shared Virtues and Visions of Well-Being1. The Vision and Values of the Sustainable Development Goals, by Jeffrey D. Sachs2. A Social Movement to Make the Last First, by Marcelo Sánchez Sorondo3. Virtue Across Traditions: Common Ground?, by Owen Flanagan4. Secular Ethics, Moral Capital, and the Sustainable Development Goals, by Owen Flanagan5. The Current Resurgence of Interest in the Civil Economy Paradigm, by Stefano ZamagniPart II: Religious Traditions and the Common Good6. The Confucian Conception of the Common Good in Contemporary China, by Anna Sun7. Hinduism: “Consider the common good in all actions,” by Anantanand Rambachan8. Judaism and the Common Good, by David Rosen9. Buddhism and the Common Good, by Kyoichi Sugino10. Greek Orthodoxy and the Common Good, by John D. Zizioulas and Jesse Thorson11. Catholicism and the Common Good, by Daniel G. Groody12. Islam and the Common Good, by Hamza YusufPart III: An Ethical Consensus on Sustainable Development: Poverty13. The Challenge of Global Poverty, by Jeffrey D. Sachs14. Ethical Actions to End Poverty, by Anthony Annett15. Community-Based Poverty Reduction, by Jennifer Gross16. Judaism and Poverty, by David RosenPart IV: An Ethical Consensus on Sustainable Development: Peace17. On Peace and a Moral Framework for Statecraft, by Jeffrey D. Sachs18. Advancing Shared Well-Being as a Multireligious Vision of Positive Peace, by William F. Vendley19. Building Peace: Strategies, Resources, and Religions, by R. Scott ApplebyPart V: An Ethical Consensus on Sustainable Development: Migration20. The Drivers of Migration, by Jeffrey D. Sachs21. A Muslim Perspective on Refugees, by Hamza Yusuf22. Migration and Refugees: A Christian Perspective, by Daniel G. GroodyPart VI: An Ethical Consensus on Sustainable Development: Businesses as Agents of Sustainable Development23. Toward a Laudato si’ Coherent Corporate Responsibility Management, by Klaus M. Leisinger24. Sustainable Investment and Ethics in Action, by Kerry Kennedy25. The Case for Business in Achieving the SDGs, by Jacqueline CorbelliPart VII: An Ethical Consensus on Sustainable Development: Education26. The Challenge of Education, by Jeffrey D. Sachs27. What Will It Take to Meet the Sustainable Development Goal for Education?, by Radhika Iyengar28. “Only Connect”: Neuroscience, Technology, and Global Literacy, by Maryanne WolfPart VIII: An Ethical Consensus on Sustainable Development: Climate Justice29. Climate Disruption: A Personal Journey Into the Ethical and Moral Issues, by Veerabhadran Ramanathan30. The Religious Case for Environmental Care, by Emmanuel Adamakis31. Health Justice Is Climate Justice, by Ted Smith and Christina Lee Brown32. Environmental Injustice: How Treaties Undermine the Right to a Healthy Environment, by Lisa Sachs, Ella Merrill, and Lise Johnson33. Ethics in Action and Divestment, by Erin LothesPart IX: An Ethical Consensus on Sustainable Development: Modern Slavery, Human Trafficking, and Access to Justice for the Poor and Vulnerable34. Actualizing Justice for the Poor, by Marcelo Sánchez Sorondo35. Multireligious Action Against Modern Slavery and Trafficking, by William F. Vendley36. Violence Against the Poor and Ethics in Action, by Sharon Cohn WuPart X: An Ethical Consensus on Sustainable Development: Indigenous Peoples37. Care of the Earth, Care of the Soul: Indigenous Communities and Inner Climate Change, by T8aminik (Dominique) Rankin, Marie-Josée Tardif, and Daniel G. Groody38. Practical Approaches to Sustainable Development in Indigenous Communities and Traditional Populations of the Amazon, by Virgilio VianaPart XI: An Ethical Consensus on Sustainable Development: Corruption39. Understanding and Combatting Corruption, by Sean Hagan40. The Role of Institutions in Fighting Corruption, by Jermyn BrooksPart XII: An Ethical Consensus on Sustainable Development: The Future of Work41. Unions and the Future of Work, by Sharan Burrow42. The Coming AI Revolution: Is This Time Different?, by Carl Benedikt Frey43. Slow but Sure: Cooperatives and Integral Ecology, by Nathan Schneider44. The End of Work as We Know It: A Muslim Perspective, by Hamza YusufConclusion: Toward a Moral Economy, by Anthony Annett and Jesse ThorsonList of ContributorsIndex

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Book SynopsisThe oceans exert a vital moderating influence on the Earth's climate system. They provide inertia to the global climate, essentially acting as the pacemaker of climate variability and change, and they provide heat to high latitudes, keeping them habitable. This title offers a short, self-contained introduction to the subject.Trade Review"This easy-to-read illustrated book, filled with both data and accessible mathematical equations demonstrating the impact of the oceans on the Earth's climate, offers practitioners and stakeholders' state-of-the-art scientific analysis of how the oceans and climate interact that is both user friendly to the non-expert yet scientifically rigorous enough as bridge material for graduate students as they grapple with the compelling field of climate science and oceanography... These books at Princeton Primers in Climate are a superb resource to find meticulous, detailed, and clearly presented facts on climate change science."--Gabriel Thoumi, MongaBay.com "This is an excellent primer on the physical processes that control interactions within and between the atmosphere and ocean... It is a quick read that would be appropriate for scientists looking for information on the salient points of ocean-atmosphere interactions and climate. It would also serve as a useful complementary resource for an introductory-level course in oceanography."--Choice "I absolutely recommend this book. Those expecting a primer on oceans and climate will be rewarded with much more than a book that teaches the basics of a subject. I have taught about the ocean for more than 20 years and I still found plenty of insights in this text that will enhance my own teaching of undergraduate and graduate students."--Susan Lozier, Bulletin of the American Meteorological SocietyTable of ContentsPreface vii Chapter 1: Basics of Climate 1 Chapter 2: The Oceans: A Descriptive Overview 22 Chapter 3: A Brief Introduction to Dynamics 41 Chapter 4: The Ocean Circulation 75 Chapter 5: The Ocean's Overall Role in Climate 105 Chapter 6: Climate Variability from Weeks to Years 128 Chapter 7: Global Warming and the Ocean 156 Notes 205 Further Reading 211 Glossary 215 References 223 Index 229

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Book SynopsisThis edition of the Think Like a series displays the wonderful world of engineers. This bundle of insights shows why no one can hold you responsible for the impact of gravity, what Gerrit Rietveld can teach you about going against the flow, that Donald Trump says more than you think, and how Netflix goes beyond binge-watching. This book is for anyone who wants to widen their perspective and broaden their horizons.

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Book SynopsisClimate change with global warming is not disputed by the vast majority of scientists and the aquatic system is most affected. A global rise in water temperature and acidification of the aquatic environment will continue even if we can significantly reduce the current output of the two most important greenhouse gasses (carbon dioxide and methane). These and other environmental changes will affect fish health which includes infectious pathogens. This important new text is the second volume on climate change and fish health. It covers changes to the freshwater ecosystem and their current and expected effects on selected infectious diseases of fish. The book represents contributions by over 50 experts from 18 countries. Comprehensive and thought-provoking, the book details abiotic and biotic environmental changes in temperate and tropical freshwater ecosystems, sequestrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide and effects on infectious diseases (12 microbial and 10 parasitic) in economically important fish in tropical, subtropical and temperate waters. The text is key reading for fish disease scientists, aquatic ecologists, fish health consultants, veterinarians, policy makers and all who are interested in fish health and the environment.Table of ContentsPart I: FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS AND BIOLOGICAL SEQUESTRATIONS OF ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE 1: Freshwater Ecosystems in North America with Reference to the Great Lakes Basin. By Derrick T. de Kerckhove and Cindy Chu 2: Tropical Freshwater Ecosystems, Biota and Anthropogenic Activities with Reference to South-East Asia. By Jia Huan Liew, Rayson Bock Hing Lim, Bi Wei Low, Maxine Allayne Darlene Mowe, Ting Hui Ng, Yiwen Zeng and Darren Chong Jinn Yeo 3: Biological Sequestrations of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide with Strategies to Enhance Storage of the Gas. By Namitha Nayak, Rajesh Mehrotra and Sandhya Mehrotra PART II: MICROBIAL DISEASES (VIRAL, BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL INFECTIONS) 4: Rhabdovirosis (Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Virus). By Carol A. Stepien, Douglas W. Leaman and Megan D. Niner 5: Nodavirosis (Striped Jack Nervous Necrosis Virus). By Sandra C. Zainathan and Nurshuhada Ariff 6: Aquatic Birnavirosis (Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus). By Carlos P. Dopazo 7: Herpesvirosis (Koi Herpesvirus). By Hatem Soliman and Mansour El-Matbouli 8: Orthomyxovirosis (Tilapia Lake Virus). By Win Surachetpong and Kwanrawee Sirikanchana 9: Iridovirosis. By Hsin-Yiu Chou, Hidehiro Kondo and Qi-Wei Qin 10: Vibriosis. By Carmen Amaro, Belén Fouz, Eva Sanjuán and Jesús L. Romalde 11: Aeromoniosis (Aeromonas salmonicida). By Margaret Crumlish and Brian Austin 12: Edwardsiellosis. By Matt J. Griffin, Esteban Soto and David J. Wise 13: Fish Mycobacteriosis. By Christopher M. Whipps, David T. Gauthier and Michael L. Kent 14: Piscirickettsiosis (Piscirickettsia salmonis). By Pedro A. Smith and Fernando O. Mardones 15: Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (Aphanomyces invadans). By Dibyendu Kamilya and Kollanoor Riji John PART III: PARASITIC DISEASES (PROTOZOAN AND METAZOAN INFECTIONS) 16: Amoebiosis (Neoparamoeba perurans). By Jadwiga Sokolowska and Barbara F. Nowak 17: Scuticociliatosis. By Jesús Lamas and José Manuel Leiro 18: Ichthyophthiriosis (Ichthyophthirius multifiliis). By Louise von Gersdorff Jørgensen and Kurt Buchmann 19: Microsporidiosis (Loma salmonae). By David J. Speare 20: Myxoboliosis (Myxobolus cerebralis). By Julie D. Alexander and Jerri L. Bartholomew 21: Gyrodactylosis (Gyrodactylus salaris). By Tor Atle Mo 22: Eubothriosis. By Ken MacKenzie 23: Diplostomiasis (Diplostomum spathaceum and Related Species). By Anssi T. Karvonen and David J. Marcogliese 24: Anisakiosis (Anisakis simplex s.l.). By Arne Levsen, Paolo Cipriani, Miguel Bao, Lucilla Giulietti and Simonetta Mattiucci 25: Lepeophtheirosis (Lepeophtheirus salmonis). By Mark D. Fast and Sussie Dalvin

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Robert Paul and the Origins of British Cinema will likely remain the definitive monograph on a fascinating and influential early British film pioneer. Christie provides novel insights into how British cinema in its earliest years documented historical events and lucidly traces the origins of motion picture copyright wars. This is an outstanding study that is certain to be welcomed by film scholars and to transform the study and teaching of the early years of cinema."--Edward Dimendberg, Professor of Humanities, University of California, Irvine

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Book SynopsisA detailed, fully illustrated study of the most recognizable assault rifle ever produced. The Kalashnikov AK-47 is the most ubiquitous assault rifle in the world, with more AK-47s and its variants in use than any other individual small arm. Created by Senior Sergeant Mikhail Kalashnikov, and first adopted by the USSR soon after World War II, its production continues to this day, with an estimated 75 million produced worldwide. Supported by photographs and original artwork, this book takes a look at the complete history of the weapon, discussing its design, development, and usage, taking its story from the great armies of the Soviet Union to the insurgents and criminal gangs that often employ the weapon today.Table of ContentsIntroduction Development Use Impact Conclusion Further Reading

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Book SynopsisThe book is illustrated with over 270 line drawings specially drawn to the author's specification. These range from step-by-step demonstrations of how to do things, to diagrams of movements identifying each part and its position in the movement - a great help at the 'gulp and shut the case' stage.

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Book SynopsisWhether you’re a vintage car spotter or an armchair petrolhead, strap yourself in for an unforgettable ride through motoring history.This sumptuously designed visual guide is packed with everything you could ever want to know about cars through the ages, from the earliest “horseless carriage” to the modern supercar and Formula 1.Inside the pages of this visually stunning car encyclopedia, you’ll discover an iconic celebration of automotive design and motoring history.     • Trace the history of the car decade-by-decade in stunning visual detail    • In-depth profiles highlight the most important cars of each period along with their specifications and special features    • Includes beautifully photographed “virtual tours” that showcase particularly celebrated cars such as the Ferrari F40 and the Rolls Royce Silver Ghost  Trade Review"'Definitive' is an ambitious goal, but one this hefty book tackles with élan — perhaps the way a 1965 Gordon-Keeble might tackle a winding country road." – The New York Times

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Book SynopsisPublisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product.The 100th Anniversary Edition of the Cornerstone Text of Mechanical EngineeringâFully Revised to Focus on the Core Subjects Critical to the DisciplineThis 100th Anniversary Edition has been extensively updated to deliver current, authoritative coverage of the topics most critical to todayâs Mechanical Engineer.  Featuring contributions from more than 160 global experts, Marksâ Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, Twelfth Edition, offers instant access to a wealth of practical information on every essential aspect of mechanical engineering. It provides clear, concise answers to thousands of mechanical engineering questions.  You get, accurate data and calculations along with clear explan

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Book SynopsisDas grundlegende Lehrbuch der Technischen Chemie mit hohem Praxisbezug in der dritten Auflage: * beschreibt didaktisch äußerst gelungen die Bereiche - chemische Reaktionstechnik, Grundoperationen, Verfahrensentwicklung sowie chemische Prozesse * alle Kapitel wurden komplett überarbeitet und aktualisiert * zahlreiche Fragen als Zusatzmaterial für Studenten online auf Wiley-VCH erhältlich * unterstützt das Lernen durch zahlreiche im Text eingestreute Rechenbeispiele, inklusive Lösung * setzt neben einem grundlegenden chemischen Verständnis und Grundkenntnissen der Physikalischen Chemie und Mathematik kein Spezialwissen voraus *NEU: Neue Technologien und Rohstoffe relevant für moderne industrielle Prozesse Ideal für Studierende der Chemie, des Chemieingenieurwesens und der Verfahrenstechnik in Bachelor- und Masterstudiengängen.Table of ContentsVorwort zur 3. Auflage xv Vorwort zur 2. Auflage xvii Vorwort zur 1. Auflage xix Die Autoren xxiii Enzyklopädien und Nachschlagewerke zur technischen Chemie xxvii Symbolverzeichnis für häufig benutzte Formelzeichen xxix Teil I Einführung in die technische Chemie 1 1 Chemische Prozesse und chemische Industrie 3 1.1 Besonderheiten chemischer Prozesse 3 1.2 Chemie und Umwelt 4 1.3 Chemiewirtschaft 5 1.3.1 Einteilung der Chemieprodukte 5 1.3.2 Chemiefirmen werden Großunternehmen – ein historischer Rückblick 6 1.3.3 Strukturwandel in der Chemieindustrie 8 1.4 Struktur von Chemieunternehmen 9 1.5 Bedeutung von Forschung und Entwicklung für die chemische Industrie 10 1.5.1 Wissenschaft und chemische Technik 10 1.5.2 Betriebsinterne Forschung 11 1.6 Entwicklungstendenzen und Zukunftsaussichten der chemischen Industrie 13 Literatur 15 2 Charakterisierung chemischer Produktionsverfahren 17 2.1 Laborverfahren und technische Verfahren 17 2.1.1 Chlorierung von Benzol 17 2.1.2 Oxychlorierung von Benzol 19 2.1.3 Herstellung von Azofarbstoffen 19 2.1.4 Zusammenfassung 20 2.2 Gliederung chemischer Produktionsverfahren 20 2.3 Darstellung chemischer Verfahren und Anlagen durch Fließschemata 23 2.3.1 Grundfließschema 24 2.3.2 Verfahrensfließschema 24 2.3.3 Rohrleitungs-und Instrumenten (RI)-Fließschema 25 2.3.4 Mess-und Regelschema 26 2.3.5 Spezielle Schemata 26 Literatur 28 3 Katalyse als Schlüsseltechnologie der chemischen Industrie 29 3.1 Was ist Katalyse? 29 3.2 Arten von Katalysatoren 32 3.2.1 Heterogene Katalyse 32 3.2.2 Homogene Katalyse 36 3.2.3 Spezielle Aspekte in der Katalyse 44 3.2.4 Biokatalyse 47 3.2.5 Elektrokatalyse 51 3.2.6 Photokatalyse 54 Literatur 55 Teil II Chemische Reaktionstechnik 59 4 Grundlagen der Chemischen Reaktionstechnik 61 4.1 Grundbegriffe und Grundphänomene 61 4.1.1 Klassifizierung chemischer Reaktionen 61 4.1.2 Grundbegriffe und Definitionen 62 4.1.3 Stöchiometrie chemischer Reaktionen 64 4.2 Chemische Thermodynamik 72 4.2.1 Reaktionsenthalpie 72 4.2.2 Gleichgewichtsumsatz 74 4.2.3 Simultangleichgewichte 77 4.3 Stoff- und Wärmetransportvorgänge 81 4.3.1 Molekulare Transportvorgänge 81 4.3.2 Diffusion in porösen Medien 87 4.3.3 Wärmeleitfähigkeit in porösen Feststoffen 92 4.3.4 Stoff- und Wärmetransport an Phasengrenzflächen 93 4.3.5 Wärmeübertragung in Mehrphasenreaktoren 96 Literatur 101 5 Kinetik chemischer Reaktionen 103 5.1 Mikrokinetik chemischer Reaktionen 104 5.1.1 Einführung 104 5.1.2 Kinetik homogener Gas- und Flüssigkeitsreaktionen 106 5.1.3 Kinetik heterogen katalysierter Reaktionen 112 5.1.4 Kinetik der Desaktivierung heterogener Katalysatoren 117 5.1.5 Kinetik von Gas-Feststoff-Reaktionen 118 5.1.6 Kinetik homogen und durch gelöste Enzyme katalysierter Reaktionen 119 5.2 Ermittlung der Kinetik chemischer Reaktionen 125 5.2.1 Zielsetzungen kinetischer Untersuchungen 125 5.2.2 Betriebsweise und Bauart von Laborreaktoren für kinetische Untersuchungen 126 5.2.3 Planung und Auswertung kinetischer Messungen zur Ermittlung von Geschwindigkeitsgleichungen 144 5.3 Makrokinetik chemischer Reaktionen – Zusammenwirken von chemischer Reaktion und Transportvorgängen 170 5.3.1 Heterogen katalysierte Gasreaktionen 170 5.3.2 Fluid-Fluid-Reaktionen 189 5.3.3 Gas-Feststoff-Reaktionen 196 Literatur 202 6 Chemische Reaktoren und deren reaktionstechnische Modellierung 209 6.1 Allgemeine Stoff- und Energiebilanzen 209 6.2 Absatzweise betriebene Rührkesselreaktoren 210 6.2.1 Stoffbilanz 211 6.2.2 Wärmebilanz 214 6.3 Halbkontinuierlich betriebene Rührkesselreaktoren 218 6.4 Kontinuierlich betriebener idealer Rührkesselreaktor 221 6.4.1 Stoffbilanz des kontinuierlich betriebenen Rührkesselreaktors 221 6.4.2 Wärmebilanz des kontinuierlich betriebenen Rührkesselreaktors 225 6.5 Ideale Strömungsrohrreaktoren 229 6.5.1 Stoffbilanz 230 6.5.2 Wärmebilanz 231 6.6 Kombination idealer Reaktoren 233 6.6.1 Kaskade kontinuierlich betriebener Rührkesselreaktoren 233 6.6.2 Strömungsrohrreaktor mit Rückführung 236 6.7 Reale homogene und quasihomogene Reaktoren 238 6.7.1 Verweilzeitverteilung in chemischen Reaktoren 239 6.7.2 Experimentelle Bestimmung der Verweilzeitverteilung 240 6.7.3 Verweilzeitverteilung in idealen Reaktoren 243 6.7.4 Verweilzeitmodelle realer Reaktoren 246 6.7.5 Verweilzeitverhalten realer Reaktoren 252 6.7.6 Einfluss der Verweilzeitverteilung und der Vermischung auf die Leistung realer Reaktoren 256 6.7.7 Vermischung in realen Reaktoren 259 6.8 Reale Mehrphasenreaktoren 263 6.8.1 Fluid-Feststoff-Systeme 263 6.8.2 Fluid-Fluid-Systeme 270 6.8.3 Gasförmig-flüssig-fest-Systeme 275 Literatur 278 7 Auswahl und Auslegung chemischer Reaktoren 283 7.1 Reaktorauswahl und reaktionstechnische Optimierung 283 7.1.1 Einfache Reaktionen (Umsatzproblem) 284 7.1.2 Komplexe Reaktionen (Ausbeuteproblem) 301 7.2 Thermische Prozesssicherheit 317 7.2.1 Theorie der Wärmeexplosion 318 7.2.2 Parametrische Sensitivität 322 7.2.3 Halbkontinuierlich betriebene Rührkesselreaktoren 324 7.2.4 Kontinuierlich betriebene Rührkesselreaktoren 329 7.2.5 Strömungsrohrreaktoren 329 7.3 Mikrostrukturierte Reaktoren 329 7.3.1 Homogene Reaktionen 330 7.3.2 Feststoffkatalysierte Fluidreaktionen 338 7.3.3 Fluid-Fluid-Reaktionen 339 Literatur 340 Teil III Grundoperationen 345 8 Thermodynamische Grundlagen für die Berechnung von Phasengleichgewichten 347 8.1 Phasengleichgewichtsbeziehung 349 8.2 Dampf-Flüssig-Gleichgewicht 350 8.2.1 Anwendung von Zustandsgleichungen 351 8.2.2 Virialgleichung 353 8.2.3 Assoziation in der Gasphase 355 8.2.4 Weitere Zustandsgleichungen 356 8.2.5 Anwendung von Aktivitätskoeffizientenmodellen 357 8.2.6 Aktivitätskoeffizientenmodelle 359 8.3 Vorausberechnung von Phasengleichgewichten 363 8.4 Konzentrationsabhängigkeit des Trennfaktors binärer Systeme 366 8.4.1 Bedingung für das Auftreten azeotroper Punkte 366 8.4.2 Rückstandslinien, Grenzdestillationslinien und Destillationsfelder 369 8.5 Flüssig-Flüssig-Gleichgewicht 371 8.6 Gaslöslichkeit 374 8.7 Fest-Flüssig-Gleichgewicht 377 8.8 Phasengleichgewicht für die überkritische Extraktion 381 8.9 Adsorptionsgleichgewichte 382 8.10 Osmotischer Druck 385 Literatur 386 9 Auslegung thermischer Trennverfahren 389 9.1 Grundlagen der Wärmeübertragung 389 9.1.1 Wärmetransport durch Leitung 390 9.1.2 Konvektiver Wärmetransport 391 9.1.3 Wärmeübergang bei Kondensation 392 9.1.4 Wärmeübergang bei Verdampfung 393 9.1.5 Wärmedurchgang 394 9.1.6 Wärmetransport durch Strahlung 394 9.2 Technischer Wärmetransport 395 9.2.1 Einteilung der Wärmeübertrager 395 9.2.2 Technisch wichtige Wärmeübertrager 396 9.3 Konzept der idealen Trennstufe für die Destillation 403 9.4 Realisierung mehrerer Trennstufen 403 9.5 Kontinuierliche Rektifikation 405 9.5.1 Rektifikationskolonne 405 9.5.2 Ermittlung der Zahl theoretischer Trennstufen 406 9.5.3 Konzept der Übertragungseinheit 429 9.6 Trennung azeotroper und engsiedender Systeme 431 9.6.1 Rektifikative Trennung azeotroper und engsiedender Systeme ohne Zusatzstoff 432 9.6.2 Rektifikation mit Hilfsstoffen 436 9.6.3 Wasserdampfdestillation 440 9.7 Reaktive Rektifikation 441 9.8 Zahl der Kolonnen und mögliche Trennsequenzen 442 9.8.1 Energieeinsparung 444 9.8.2 Trennwandkolonnen 445 9.9 Diskontinuierliche Rektifikation 447 9.9.1 Einfache diskontinuierliche Destillation 448 9.9.2 Mehrstufige diskontinuierliche Rektifikation 449 9.10 Auslegung von Rektifikationskolonnen 450 9.10.1 Bodenkolonnen 451 9.10.2 Packungskolonnen 454 9.11 Absorption 459 9.11.1 Lösemittelauswahl 460 9.11.2 McCabe-Thiele-Verfahren 460 9.11.3 Kremser-Gleichung 464 9.11.4 Chemische Absorption 466 9.11.5 Absorberbauarten 466 9.12 Flüssig-Flüssig-Extraktion 467 9.12.1 Auswahl des Extraktionsmittels 469 9.12.2 McCabe-Thiele-Verfahren 469 9.12.3 Kremser-Gleichung 471 9.12.4 Anwendung von Dreiecksdiagrammen 471 9.12.5 Extraktoren 473 9.13 Fest-Flüssig-Extraktion 477 9.14 Extraktion mit überkritischen Fluiden 478 9.15 Kristallisation 478 9.15.1 Kristallisationsprozess 479 9.15.2 Kristallisatoren 481 9.16 Adsorption 485 9.16.1 Adsorptionsmittel 486 9.16.2 Adsorptions- und Desorptionsschritt 487 9.16.3 Adsorberbauarten 488 9.17 Entfernung der Restfeuchten, Entwässern und Trocknen 491 9.17.1 Trocknungsgüter und Trocknungsarten 491 9.17.2 Kriterien zur Auslegung von Trocknern 491 9.17.3 Apparate zum technischen Trocknen 491 9.18 Membrantrennverfahren 494 9.18.1 Trennprinzip und Arbeitsweise 494 9.18.2 Arten von Membrantrennverfahren 497 9.18.3 Membranmodule 499 9.18.4 Ionenleitende Membranen 501 Literatur 501 10 Mechanische Grundoperationen 505 10.1 Strömungslehre – Fluiddynamik in Reaktoren, Kolonnen und Rohrleitungen 505 10.1.1 Strömungsarten, Reynolds’sche Ähnlichkeit 505 10.1.2 Strömungsgesetze 506 10.1.3 Strömungsbedingter Druckverlust 511 10.2 Erzeugen von Förderströmen – Pumpen, Komprimieren, Evakuieren 514 10.2.1 Pumpencharakteristika und Pumpenwirkungsgrade 514 10.2.2 Pumpen – Apparate zum Fördern von Flüssigkeiten 516 10.2.3 Verdichten von Gasen 518 10.2.4 Vakuumerzeugung 523 10.3 Mischen fluider Phasen 525 10.3.1 Mischen in flüssiger Phase 525 10.3.2 Flüssigkeitsverteilung in der Gasphase 533 10.4 Mechanische Trennverfahren 537 10.4.1 Partikelabtrennung aus Flüssigkeiten 537 10.4.2 Partikelabscheidung aus Gasströmen 546 10.4.3 Trennen weiterer disperser Systeme 551 10.5 Verarbeiten von Feststoffen 553 10.5.1 Zerkleinern von Feststoffen 553 10.5.2 Klassieren und Sortieren 559 10.5.3 Formgebung 565 Literatur 568 Teil IV Verfahrensentwicklung 571 11 Gesichtspunkte der Verfahrensauswahl 573 11.1 Das Konzept der Nachhaltigkeit 573 11.2 Stoff​liche Gesichtspunkte (Rohstoffauswahl und Syntheseroute) 575 11.2.1 Nachhaltigkeit am Beispiel des Phenols – sieben technische Synthesewege 575 11.2.2 Phenol aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen 580 11.2.3 Vergleich der Phenolverfahren 580 11.2.4 Zusammenfassung 581 11.3 Energieaufwand 581 11.3.1 Energiearten und Energienutzung 581 11.3.2 Wasserstoff 582 11.4 Sicherheit 588 11.4.1 Exotherme Reaktionen 589 11.4.2 Druckerhöhung 591 11.4.3 Brennbare und explosive Stoffe und Stoffgemische 592 11.4.4 Toxische Stoffe 594 11.4.5 Zusammenfassung und Folgerungen 595 11.5 Umweltschutz im Sinne der Nachhaltigkeit 595 11.5.1 Luftverunreinigungen 596 11.5.2 Abwasserbelastungen 598 11.5.3 Abfälle 603 11.5.4 Zusammenfassung und Folgerungen 605 11.6 Betriebsweise 606 11.6.1 Beispiel: Hydrierung von Doppelbindungen 606 11.6.2 Unterschiede zwischen diskontinuierlichen und kontinuierlichen Verfahren 608 11.6.3 Entscheidungskriterien 610 Literatur 611 12 Verfahrensgrundlagen 615 12.1 Ausgangssituation und Ablauf 615 12.2 Verfahrensinformationen 617 12.2.1 Übersicht 617 12.2.2 Sicherheitstechnische Kenndaten 617 12.2.3 Toxikologische Daten 620 12.3 Stoff- und Energiebilanzen 622 12.3.1 Stoff- und Energiebilanzen – Werkzeuge in Verfahrensentwicklung und Anlagenprojektierung 622 12.3.2 Stoffbilanzen 622 12.3.3 Energiebilanzen 628 12.4 Versuchsanlagen 629 12.4.1 Notwendigkeit und Aufgaben 629 12.4.2 Typen von Versuchsanlagen 629 12.4.3 Planung einer Versuchsanlage 631 12.4.4 Modularer Planungsansatz 631 12.5 Auswertung und Optimierung 631 12.5.1 Versuchsplanung und Auswertung 631 12.5.2 Prozesssimulation und Prozessoptimierung 632 Literatur 633 13 Wirtschaftlichkeit von Verfahren und Produktionsanlagen 637 13.1 Erlöse, Kosten und Gewinn 637 13.2 Herstellkosten 638 13.2.1 Vorkalkulation und Nachkalkulation 638 13.2.2 Ermittlung des Kapitalbedarfs 639 13.2.3 Ermittlung der Herstellkosten 642 13.3 Kapazitätsauslastung und Wirtschaftlichkeit 644 13.3.1 Erlöse und Gewinn 644 13.3.2 Fixe Kosten und veränderliche Kosten 646 13.3.3 Gewinn bzw. Verlust in Abhängigkeit von der Kapazitätsauslastung 646 13.4 Wirtschaftlichkeit von Projekten 648 13.4.1 Rentabilität als Maß für die Wirtschaftlichkeit 648 13.4.2 Investitionsertrag und Kapitalrückflusszeit 648 13.4.3 Andere Methoden der Rentabilitätsbewertung 649 13.4.4 Entscheidung zwischen Alternativen 650 Literatur 653 14 Planung und Bau von Anlagen 655 14.1 Projektablauf 655 14.2 Projektorganisation 656 14.3 Genehmigungsverfahren für Chemieanlagen 658 14.4 Anlagenplanung 660 14.5 Projektabwicklung 662 14.5.1 Ablaufplanung und -überwachung 662 14.5.2 Bau und Montage 664 Literatur 666 Teil V Chemische Prozesse 669 15 Organische Rohstoffe 671 15.1 Erdöl 671 15.1.1 Zusammensetzung und Klassifizierung 671 15.1.2 Bildung und Vorkommen 672 15.1.3 Förderung und Transport 674 15.1.4 Erdölraffinerien 677 15.1.5 Thermische Konversionsverfahren 682 15.1.6 Katalytische Konversionsverfahren 684 15.2 Erdgas 689 15.2.1 Zusammensetzung und Klassifizierung 689 15.2.2 Förderung und Transport 689 15.2.3 Weiterverarbeitung 691 15.3 Kohle 691 15.3.1 Zusammensetzung und Klassifizierung 691 15.3.2 Vorkommen 693 15.3.3 Förderung 693 15.3.4 Verarbeitung 694 15.4 Nachwachsende Rohstoffe 703 15.4.1 Bedeutung der nachwachsenden Rohstoffe 703 15.4.2 Fette und Öle 704 15.4.3 Kohlenhydrate 713 Literatur 721 16 Organische Grundchemikalien 725 16.1 Alkane 726 16.1.1 Herstellung 726 16.1.2 Verwendung 726 16.2 Alkene 729 16.2.1 Herstellung 729 16.2.2 Verwendung 738 16.3 Aromaten 742 16.3.1 Herstellung 742 16.3.2 Verwendung 745 16.4 Ethin 749 16.4.1 Herstellung 749 16.4.2 Verwendung 751 16.5 Synthesegas 752 16.5.1 Herstellung 752 16.5.2 Verwendung von Synthesegas 755 16.5.3 Kohlenmonoxid 756 Literatur 757 17 Organische Zwischenprodukte 761 17.1 Sauerstoffhaltige Verbindungen 761 17.1.1 Alkohole 761 17.1.2 Phenole 774 17.1.3 Ether 775 17.1.4 Epoxide 777 17.1.5 Aldehyde 780 17.1.6 Ketone 787 17.1.7 Carbonsäuren 789 17.2 Stickstoffhaltige Verbindungen 801 17.2.1 Amine 801 17.2.2 Lactame 804 17.2.3 Nitrile 805 17.2.4 Isocyanate 807 17.3 Halogenhaltige Verbindungen 808 17.3.1 Chlormethane 808 17.3.2 Chlorderivate höherer Aliphaten 809 17.3.3 Chloraromaten 812 17.3.4 Fluorverbindungen 813 Literatur 816 18 Anorganische Grund- und Massenprodukte 821 18.1 Anorganische Schwefelverbindungen 821 18.1.1 Schwefel und Sulfide 821 18.1.2 Schwefeldioxid 821 18.1.3 Schwefeltrioxid und Schwefelsäure 822 18.2 Anorganische Stickstoffverbindungen 823 18.2.1 Ammoniak 823 18.2.2 Salpetersäure 827 18.2.3 Harnstoff und Melamin 828 18.3 Chlor und Alkalien 829 18.3.1 Chlor und Alkalilauge durch Alkalichloridelektrolyse 829 18.3.2 Natronlauge und Soda 831 18.4 Phosphorverbindungen 832 18.4.1 Elementarer Phosphor 832 18.4.2 Phosphorsäure und Phosphate 833 18.5 Technische Gase 834 18.5.1 Sauerstoff und Stickstoff 834 18.5.2 Edelgase 837 18.5.3 Kohlendioxid 838 18.6 Düngemittel 839 18.6.1 Bedeutung der Düngemittel 839 18.6.2 Stickstoffdüngemittel 840 18.6.3 Phosphordüngemittel 840 18.6.4 Kalidüngemittel 841 18.6.5 Mehrnährstoffdünger 841 18.6.6 Wirtschaftliche Betrachtung 841 18.7 Metalle 842 18.7.1 Gusseisen 842 18.7.2 Stähle 843 18.7.3 Nichteisenmetalle und ihre Legierungen 844 18.7.4 Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz 845 Literatur 846 19 Chemische Endprodukte 851 19.1 Polymere 851 19.1.1 Aufbau und Synthese von Polymeren 851 19.1.2 Polymerisationstechnik 857 19.1.3 Massenkunststoffe 861 19.1.4 Fasern 867 19.1.5 Klebstoffe 868 19.1.6 Hochtemperaturfeste Kunststoffe 868 19.1.7 Elektrisch leitfähige Polymere 869 19.1.8 Flüssigkristalline Polymere 869 19.1.9 Biologisch abbaubare Polymere 870 19.2 Tenside und Waschmittel 871 19.2.1 Aufbau und Eigenschaften 871 19.2.2 Anionische Tenside 871 19.2.3 Kationische Tenside 874 19.2.4 Nichtionische Tenside 874 19.2.5 Amphotere Tenside 876 19.2.6 Vergleich der Tensidklassen 877 19.2.7 Anwendungsgebiete 878 19.3 Farbstoffe 883 19.3.1 Übersicht 883 19.3.2 Azofarbstoffe 884 19.3.3 Carbonylfarbstoffe 885 19.3.4 Methinfarbstoffe 886 19.3.5 Phthalocyanine 887 19.3.6 Färbevorgänge 888 19.4 Pharmaka 889 19.4.1 Allgemeines 889 19.4.2 Arten pharmazeutischer Produkte 890 19.4.3 Wirkstoffherstellung durch chemische Synthese 895 19.4.4 Wirkstoffherstellung mit Biokatalysatoren 896 19.4.5 Wirkstoffherstellung durch Fermentationsverfahren 898 19.4.6 Sonstige Verfahren zur Wirkstoffherstellung 901 19.4.7 Entwicklung neuer Pharmawirkstoffe 901 19.5 Pflanzenschutzmittel 902 19.5.1 Bedeutung des Pflanzenschutzes 902 19.5.2 Insektizide 902 19.5.3 Herbizide 904 19.5.4 Fungizide 905 19.5.5 Marktdaten und Entwicklungstrends 906 19.6 Metallorganische Verbindungen 907 19.7 Silicone 909 19.7.1 Struktur und Eigenschaften 909 19.7.2 Herstellung der Ausgangsverbindungen 910 19.7.3 Herstellung der Silicone 911 19.7.4 Technische Siliconerzeugnisse 913 19.8 Zeolithe 914 Literatur 915 Anhang A Größen zur Charakterisierung von Reaktionen, Verfahren und Anlagen 921 Anhang B Tabellen zu Reinstoffdaten 923 Anhang C Graphische Symbole für Fließschemata nach EN ISO 10628-2012 927 Stichwortverzeichnis 933

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Book SynopsisFundamentals of Ceramics presents readers with an exceptionally clear and comprehensive introduction to ceramic science. This Second Edition updates problems and adds more worked examples, as well as adding new chapter sections on Computational Materials Science and Case Studies. The Computational Materials Science sections describe how today density functional theory and molecular dynamics calculations can shed valuable light on properties, especially ones that are not easy to measure or visualize otherwise such as surface energies, elastic constants, point defect energies, phonon modes, etc. The Case Studies sections focus more on applications, such as solid oxide fuel cells, optical fibers, alumina forming materials, ultra-strong and thin glasses, glass-ceramics, strong and tough ceramics, fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites, thermal barrier coatings, the space shuttle tiles, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, two-dimensional solids, field-assisted and microwavTable of ContentsCONTENTSSeries Preface xiPreface to the Second Edition xiiiPreface to First Edition xvAuthor xix1 Introduction 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Definition of Ceramics 21.3 Elementary Crystallography 31.4 Ceramic Microstructures 61.5 Traditional versus Advanced Ceramics 61.6 General Characteristics of Ceramics 71.7 Applications 71.8 The Future 9Additional Reading 112 Bonding in Ceramics 132.1 Introduction 132.2 Structure of Atoms 142.3 Ionic versus Covalent Bonding 232.4 Ionic Bonding 232.5 Ionically Bonded Solids 282.6 Covalent Bond Formation 342.7 Covalently Bonded Solids 372.8 Band Theory of Solids 372.9 Summary 49Appendix 2A: Kinetic Energy of Free Electrons 50Additional Reading 52Other References 533 Structure of Ceramics 553.1 Introduction 553.2 Ceramic Structures 573.3 Binary Ionic Compounds 623.4 Composite Crystal Structures 673.5 Structure of Covalent Ceramics 703.6 Structure of Layered Ceramics 703.7 Structure of Silicates 713.8 Lattice Parameters and Density 773.9 Summary 85Appendix 3A 86Additional Reading 92Other References 924 Effect of Chemical Forces on PhysicalProperties 934.1 Introduction 934.2 Melting Points 944.3 Thermal Expansion 994.4 Young’s Modulus and the Strength ofPerfect Solids 1004.5 Surface Energy 1064.6 Frequencies of Atomic Vibrations 1084.7 Summary 113Additional Reading 116Multimedia References and Databases 1165 Thermodynamic and KineticConsiderations 1175.1 Introduction 1175.2 Free Energy 1185.3 Chemical Equilibrium and the Mass ActionExpression 1295.4 Chemical Stability Domains 1305.5 Electrochemical Potentials 1335.6 Charged Interfaces, Double Layers andDebye Lengths 1345.7 Gibbs–Duhem Relation for Binary Oxides 1355.8 Kinetic Considerations 1385.9 Summary 142Appendix 5A: Derivation of Eq. (5.27) 142Additional Reading 145Thermodynamic Data 1456 Defects in Ceramics 1476.1 Introduction 1476.2 Point Defects 1486.3 Linear Defects 1766.4 Planar Defects 1786.5 Summary 184Additional Reading 1877 Diffusion and Electrical Conductivity 1897.1 Introduction 1897.2 Diffusion 1907.3 Electrical Conductivity 2067.4 Ambipolar Diffusion 2247.5 Relationships between Self-, Tracer,Chemical, Ambipolar and Defect DiffusionCoefficients 2367.6 Summary 243Appendix 7A: Relationship between Fick’s FirstLaw and Eq. (7.30) 245Appendix 7B: Effective Mass and Density of States 246Appendix 7C: Derivation of Eq. (7.79) 248Appendix 7D: Derivation of Eq. (7.92) 248Additional Reading 255Other References 2558 Phase Equilibria 2578.1 Introduction 2578.2 Phase Rule 2588.3 One-Component Systems 2598.4 Binary Systems 2628.5 Ternary Systems 2708.6 Free-Energy Composition and TemperatureDiagrams 2718.7 Summary 276Additional Reading 277Phase Diagram Information 2789 Formation, Structure and Properties ofGlasses 2799.1 Introduction 2799.2 Glass Formation 2809.3 Glass Structure 2939.4 Glass Properties 2959.5 Summary 309Appendix 9A: Derivation of Eq. (9.7) 310Additional Reading 313Other References 31410 Sintering and Grain Growth 31510.1 Introduction 31510.2 Solid-State Sintering 31710.3 Solid-State Sintering Kinetics 32710.4 Liquid-Phase Sintering 34910.5 Hot Pressing and Hot Isostatic Pressing 35510.6 Summary 359Appendix 10A: Derivation of the Gibbs–Thompson Equation 360Appendix 10B: Radii of Curvature 361Appendix 10C: Derivation of Eq. (10.20) 362Appendix 10D: Derivation of Eq. (10.22) 363Additional Reading 367Other References 36811 Mechanical Properties: Fast Fracture 36911.1 Introduction 36911.2 Fracture Toughness 37311.3 Atomistic Aspects of Fracture 38311.4 Strength of Ceramics 38511.5 Toughening Mechanisms 39211.6 Designing with Ceramics 39911.7 Summary 408Additional Reading 41312 Creep, Subcritical Crack Growth andFatigue 41512.1 Introduction 41512.2 Creep 41612.3 Subcritical Crack Growth 43012.4 Fatigue of Ceramics 43612.5 Lifetime Predictions 43912.6 Summary 450Appendix 12A: Derivation of Eq. (12.24) 451Additional Reading 45613 Thermal Properties 45913.1 Introduction 45913.2 Thermal Stresses 46013.3 Thermal Shock 46413.4 Spontaneous Microcracking of Ceramics 46913.5 Thermal Tempering of Glass 47213.6 Thermal Conductivity 47313.7 Summary 479Additional Reading 482Other Resources 48214 Linear Dielectric Properties 48314.1 Introduction 48314.2 Basic Theory 48414.3 Equivalent Circuit Description of LinearDielectrics 48914.4 Polarization Mechanisms 49414.5 Dielectric Loss 51314.6 Dielectric Breakdown 51414.7 Capacitors and Insulators 51514.8 Summary 520Appendix 14A: Local Electric Field 521Additional Reading 52715 Magnetic and Nonlinear DielectricProperties 52915.1 Introduction 52915.2 Basic Theory 53015.3 Microscopic Theory 53615.4 Para-, Ferro-, Antiferro-, andFerrimagnetism 54015.5 Magnetic Domains and Hysteresis Curves 54815.6 Magnetic Ceramics and Their Applications 55215.7 Piezo- and Ferroelectric Ceramics 55915.8 Summary 572Appendix 15A: Orbital Magnetic QuantumNumber 573Additional Reading 57616 Optical Properties 57716.1 Introduction 57716.2 Basic Principles 57916.3 Absorption and Transmission 59016.4 Scattering and Opacity 59616.6 Summary 605Appendix 16A: Coherence 606Appendix 16B: Assumptions Made in DerivingEq. (16.24) 606Additional Reading 610Index 611

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Book SynopsisThis book takes the reader through the process of learning and creating data visualisation, following a unique journey with questions every step of the way, ultimately discussing how and when to bend and break the rules to come up with creative, unique, and sometimes unconventional ideas. Each easy-to-follow chapter poses one key question and provides a selection of discussion points and relevant data visualisation examples throughout.Structured in three parts: Section I poses questions around some fundamental data visualisation principles, while Section II introduces more advanced questions, challenging perceived best practices and suggesting when rules are open to interpretation or there to be broken. The questions in Section III introduce further themes leading on to specific ideas and visualisation projects in more detail.Questions in Dataviz: A Design-Driven Process for Data Visualisation will appeal to any reader with an interest in creaTrade Review"It’s a common experience for newcomers in visualization to be a bit disoriented. Here are some questions we’ve all asked ourselves at some point: Am I doing things correctly? Should I use this type of chart or that other type? Is this color palette appropriate? Will my intended audience understand the point I’m trying to make with this graphic? Will they be able to use the graphic’s interface? Am I breaking any rule of visualization? And so many others. The difference between Neil Richards and the rest of us is that Neil has written an entire book about his posing those questions to himself, and about the journey towards trying to answer them. Spoiler alert: the journey is often circuitous, and sometimes lacks a clear destination. But who cares? The journey, and not where it leads, is what can make us wiser as professionals; the process of reasoning to disentangle complex design choices has a value of its own.Moreover, and perhaps more importantly, walking that path along someone as friendly and personable as Neil makes the experience exciting and joyful."– Alberto Cairo and Tamara Munzner, Series Editors, AK Peters Visualization Series"Questions in Dataviz is an amazing resource for data visualisation folks looking for different and more creative design ideas - instead of following the norms of business data visualisation it asks the questions that challenge conventional practices to inspire new ideas to develop your own style and data visualisation philosophy. Neil introduces us to the concepts, inspirations and designers that inspired him, and encourages you to ask questions to find your own design driven journey into more creative design-driven output."– Giorgia Lupi, Pentagram"Beyond technical skills, statistical knowledge, and creative talent, one of the most vital attributes in data visualisation is to be curious. Before a chart comes data. Before the data comes a question. Questions fuel one’s understanding about anything and in this super new book, Neil Richards eloquently demonstrates his amazing flair for being curious. He answers the questions he had – and that anyone else should have – about the journey towards successfully mastering data visualisation. He delightfully unpacks the whys, the why nots, and the hows of this complex subject, in a wonderfully engaging and perfectly nuanced way."– Andy Kirk, Visualising Data Ltd."Neil writes about the 'why' behind his own chart design decisions in an engaging way that will give any new practitioner a glimpse inside the brain of a data visualization designer, with examples that showcase how an individual designer's style evolves and changes over time. For the experienced practitioner, Neil's book offers a tour through the many questions about our motivations and design decisions in data visualization that have emerged over the past decade or more. In some ways, the ideas feel like a delightful highlights reel of debates and discussions born out on Twitter and in various slack channels, summarized neatly and without judgement around the ways we may come to different answers to those questions."– Amanda Makulec, Executive Director, Data Visualization Society"Neil is a luminary in the field and his work clearly pushes the boundaries of data visualization. This book will help people push past the "standard" chart types and consider different, alternative visualizations that they may not have considered before."– Jonathan Schwabish, Urban Institute and PolicyViz“When do we break the rules? What are the exceptions? What is the decision making process that goes into creating dataviz and how do you bend the universal principles based on specific circumstances? This book explores these questions in an open-minded way.”– Valentina D'Efilippo, Award-winning data designerTable of ContentsPreface. Author. Introduction. SECTION I First Questions. Chapter 1.1 Should the data drive the visualisation? Chapter 1.2 What’s in a colour? Chapter 1.3 What does data visualisation have in common with psychology? Chapter 1.4 Do data visualisations have to tell a story? Chapter 1.5 Is it OK to steal? Chapter 1.6 Is white space always your friend? Section II Challenging. Questions Chapter 2.1 Why do we visualise data? Chapter 2.2 Why do we visualise using triangles? Chapter 2.3 Does it matter if shapes overlap? Chapter 2.4 What is data humanism? Chapter 2.5 What is design-driven data? Chapter 2.6 Do we take data visualisation too seriously? Chapter 2.7 Why create unnecessary data visualisations? Chapter 2.8 When are several visualisations better than one? Chapter 2.9 What can I do when data is impossible to find? Section III Idea Questions. Chapter 3.1 What is the third wave of data visualisation? Chapter 3.2 What alternative ways are there for visualizing timelines? Chapter 3.3 Why do I use flowers to visualise data? Chapter 3.4 What are Data Portraits? Chapter 3.5 How can I take inspiration from album covers? Chapter 3.6 How many ways can you tile the United States? Chapter 3.7 Is it possible to tile the world? Chapter 3.8 Can you create visualisations using only numbers? Chapter 3.9 How do you visualise music? Chapter 3.10 What are Truchet tiles? Chapter 3.11 How do you create 31 visualisations in a month? Index.

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Book SynopsisThis Approved Document provides guidance on how to comply with Part F to Schedule 1 to the Building Regulations covering ventilation and applies to dwellings only, and takes effect on 15 June 2022. It does not apply to work subject to a building notice, full plans application or initial notice submitted before that date, provided the work is started on site before 15 June 2023.ADF1: Dwellings (2021 edition) contains the following sections: Ventilation provision Minimising the ingress of external pollutants Work on existing dwellings Commissioning and providing information Key terms Performance-based ventilation Completion checklist and commissioning sheet Checklist for ventilation provision in existing dwellings The guidance in this Approved Document only relates to England and applies to dwellings only. In a mixed-use building, Approved Document F, Volume 2: Buildings other than dwellings should be consulted for building work in parts of the building that are not dwellings.

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Book SynopsisFrom the telegraph to the touchscreen, how the development of binary switching transformed everyday life and changed the shape of human agency The Switch traces the sudden rise of a technology that has transformed everyday life for billions of people: the binary switch. By chronicling the rapid growth of binary switching since the mid-nineteenth century, Jason Puskar contends that there is no human activity as common today as pushing a button or flipping a switch—the deceptively simple act of turning something on or off. More than a technical history, The Switch offers a cultural and political analysis of how reducing so much human action to binary alternatives has profoundly reshaped modern society. Analyzing this history, Puskar charts the rapid shift from analog to digital across a range of devices—keyboards, cameras, guns, light switches, computers, game controls, even the “nuclear button”—to understand how nineteenth-century techniques continue to influence today’s pervasive digital technologies. In contexts that include musical performance, finger counting, machine writing, voting methods, and immersive play, Puskar shows how the switch to switching led to radically new forms of action and thought. The innovative analysis in The Switch makes clear that binary inputs have altered human agency by making choice instantaneous, effort minimal, and effects more far-reaching than ever. In the process, it concludes, switching also fosters forms of individualism that, though empowering for many, also preserve a legacy of inequality and even domination. Trade Review "In this deeply ambitious and sophisticated book, Jason Puskar invites us to think more seriously about what happens almost every time we touch one of our devices and turn it on or swipe or click. From the technologies at our fingertips to the vastly larger networks of politics and language that they operate and represent, The Switch provides a fascinating cultural history of how we have made the modern world, and been remade in turn, by the simplest of human actions and the connections they enable."—Mark Goble, author of Beautiful Circuits: Modernism and the Mediated Life "A dazzling, beautifully written history of a pervasive but seemingly unremarkable technology of modern life: the binary switch. Jason Puskar’s delightful and important book will fascinate historians of media and technology; it should be required reading for anyone curious about how fantasies of liberal agency are cultivated in the buttons, keyboards, triggers, and toys that make us human."—Justus Nieland, author of Happiness by Design: Modernism and Media in the Eames Era Table of Contents Contents Acknowledgments Introduction: Awake at the Switch Part I. Start 1. Origin Stories 2. Designing the Button 3. Analogs and Analogies Part II. Digital Bodies 4. The Point of Touch 5. Counting on the Body 6. Darth Vader’s Nipples Part III. Keyboard Rationality 7. The Keyboard’s Checkered Past 8. Human Types 9. Chording and Coding 10. The Archaeology of Qwerty Part IV. Objects of Play 11. The Toys of Dionysus 12. Pinball Wizards Part V. Haptic Liberalism 13. The Control Panel of Democracy 14. Switching Philosophies 15. Pistolgraphs 16. First-Person Shooters Epilogue: Self-Destruct Notes Index

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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