Technology, Engineering & Agriculture Books

Book SynopsisUsing a novel integration of mathematics and Python codes, this book illustrates the fundamental concepts that link probability, statistics, and machine learning, so that the reader can not only employ statistical and machine learning models using modern Python modules, but also understand their relative strengths and weaknesses. To clearly connect theoretical concepts to practical implementations, the author provides many worked-out examples along with "Programming Tips" that encourage the reader to write quality Python code. The entire text, including all the figures and numerical results, is reproducible using the Python codes provided, thus enabling readers to follow along by experimenting with the same code on their own computers. Modern Python modules like Pandas, Sympy, Scikit-learn, Statsmodels, Scipy, Xarray, Tensorflow, and Keras are used to implement and visualize important machine learning concepts like the bias/variance trade-off, cross-validation, interpretability, and regularization. Many abstract mathematical ideas, such as modes of convergence in probability, are explained and illustrated with concrete numerical examples. This book is suitable for anyone with undergraduate-level experience with probability, statistics, or machine learning and with rudimentary knowledge of Python programming.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Part 1 Getting Started with Scientific Python.- Installation and Setup.- Numpy.- Matplotlib.- Ipython.- Jupyter Notebook.- Scipy.- Pandas.- Sympy.- Interfacing with Compiled Libraries.- Integrated Development Environments.- Quick Guide to Performance and Parallel Programming.- Other Resources.- Part 2 Probability.- Introduction.- Projection Methods.- Conditional Expectation as Projection.- Conditional Expectation and Mean Squared Error.- Worked Examples of Conditional Expectation and Mean Square Error Optimization.- Useful Distributions.- Information Entropy.- Moment Generating Functions.- Monte Carlo Sampling Methods.- Useful Inequalities.- Part 3 Statistics.- Python Modules for Statistics.- Types of Convergence.- Estimation Using Maximum Likelihood.- Hypothesis Testing and P-Values.- Confidence Intervals.- Linear Regression.- Maximum A-Posteriori.- Robust Statistics.- Bootstrapping.- Gauss Markov.- Nonparametric Methods.- Survival Analysis.- Part 4 Machine Learning.- Introduction.- Python Machine Learning Modules.- Theory of Learning.- Decision Trees.- Boosting Trees.- Logistic Regression.- Generalized Linear Models.- Regularization.- Support Vector Machines.- Dimensionality Reduction.- Clustering.- Ensemble Methods.- Deep Learning.- Notation.- References.- Index.

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Book SynopsisHave you thought of how it feels to be an AI brain in the world of humans? This book allows such a brain to tell us how it takes on its mission of helping humans to develop a more efficient, sustainable, diverse and inclusive society.This book explains the principles and applications of artificial intelligence for a broad audience. Artificial intelligence, as part of computer science, is often inspired by human intelligence. At the same time, there is still reluctance in the applications and usability of artificial intelligence among citizens. Industries are deploying AI in their products and processes but the level of maturity is varying. The book is written as a first person narrative, from an AI perspective, having the AI brain tell the story.Table of ContentsPrologue.- Chapter 1: Baby steps.- Chapter 2: Basic Needs of an AI Brain.- Chapter 3: My Role in Internet of Things.- Chapter 4: Managing Relathionships.- Chapter 5: Working with Humans.- Chapter 6: Avoiding the Criminal Path.- Chapter 7: My Role in Climate Change.- Chapter 8: My Role in Diversity.- Chapter 9: My Creative Side.- Chapter 10: Growing Older and Staying in Shape.- Epilogue.

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Book SynopsisUnidentified phenomena in space, in the Earth's atmosphere, and in waters are too important to leave their exploration to the military and scientific laypersons. Their proper scientific study is important for a variety of reasons; in particular, scientists and the public at large need to know the basic facts, to be informed about the way evidence is recorded, and to understand the difference been reliable evidence and fiction, as well as between plausible explanations and fantasy.With this objective, the book surveys the history of UFO observations, the variety of recorded phenomena, and recounts the efforts of investigative commissions and their published findings.Although wild rumors are demystified in the process, this is not an exercise in rumor-bashing. An open and at the same time critical mindset is the key. Many narratives and hypothesis appear implausible relative to our present state of knowledge; but this alone should not lead to their outright exclusion. Thus the author also pays attention to UFO sightings that have so far eluded explanation in terms of known physics or meteorology. Here the reader will encounter some of the more speculative but scientifically tenable proposals, for example, relating to sudden zigzag motion without apparent inertia or recognizable propulsion, yet always with a clear guide to their plausibility. Last but not least, the book outlines plans and suggestions for future research capable of revealing the existence and intentions of extraterrestrial intelligences, outer-space engineers, or technologies so far known only from science fiction.Table of ContentsEarly UFO Sagas and Legends Prior to Trinity (July 1945).- UFO Sagas and Legends from Trinity (July 1945) Until the Robertson Panel (January 1953).- UFO Sagas and Legends After the Robertson Panel Until 2003.- UFO Sagas and Legends After 2003.- Some Visual Photos of Objects that have not (yet?) been Identified.- UFO Perception in the USA and Elsewhere.- Some Flight Characteristics.- Abductions and Experiences.- Crash Retreivals and UFO Materials.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides for the first time an insider’s view into ITER, the biggest fusion reactor in the world, which is currently being constructed in southern France. Now in its second edition, it updates readers on all developments at ITER and those at competing fusion initiatives worldwide, at the National Ignition Facility (US), the Joint European Torus (EU) and the tens of start-ups funded by private ventures. The author also shares his personal experience with this unique big science project.Aimed at bringing the “energy of the stars” to earth, ITER is funded by the major economic powers (China, the EU, India, Japan, Korea, Russia and the USA). Often presented as a “nuclear but green” energy source, fusion could play an important role in the future electricity supply. But as delays accumulate and budgets continue to grow, ITER is currently a star partially obscured by clouds. Will ITER save humanity by providing a clean, safe and limitless source of energy, or is it merely a political showcase of cutting-edge technology? Is ITER merely an ambitious research project and partly a PR initiative driven by some politically connected scientists? In any case, ITER has already helped spur on rival projects in the USA, Canada and the UK. This book offers readers a behind-the-scenes look at this controversial project, which France snatched from Japan, and introduces them to a world of superlatives: with the largest magnets in the world, the biggest cryogenic plant and tremendous computing power, ITER is one of the most fascinating, and most international, scientific and technological endeavours of our time.Table of Contents

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Book SynopsisListing over 20,000 terms commonly used in food science, with their Chinese equivalents, this work is intended as a useful reference covering subjects such as biotechnology, environmental protection, organic and natural food nutrition.

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Book SynopsisThis book discusses the Shinkansen, the world's first high-speed railway, which was born in Japan in 1964 and how it has developed up to the present day. In the 1950s, some European railways were trying to increase the commercial operating speed up to 160 km/h, and it was considered difficult to raise it to 200 km/h. Japanese engineers with excellent engineering ability post World War ll moved from the military to the railways to overcome the technological challenges realizing the high-speed railways using new approaches. The book discusses the technological barriers in speeding up the railway at that time and how these engineers overcame them in non-computer days. In the five decades since the Shinkansen began operating, there have been significant developments enabling high-speed, safe, and frequent train operation with high punctuality while conserving the environment. The book also describes today’s highly evolved Shinkansen. The Shinkansen, which runs 440,000 km a day, has carried 13.3 billion people without a single fatality in 56 years. The book overviews factors that contributed to the Shinkansen’s high safety record. This book is an excellent guide for those interested in the history of the world’s first high-speed railway.Table of ContentsBasic study of railways after World War II.- Commemorative lecture on the possibility of high-speed railways.- Decision of constructing a Shinkansen line and technological problems.- Technological development to realize Shinkansen.- Breakdowns after the opening.- Shinkansen in 2020.

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Book Synopsis3D Printing for Product Designers closes the gap between the rhetoric of 3D printing in manufacturing and the reality for product designers. It provides practical strategies to support the adoption and integration of 3D printing into professional practice.3D printing has evolved over the last decade into a practical proposition for manufacturing, opening up innovative opportunities for product designers. From its foundations in rapid prototyping, additive manufacturing has developed into a range of technologies suitable for end-use products. This book shows you how to evaluate and sensitively understand people, process, and products and demonstrates how solutions for working with additive manufacturing can be developed in context. It includes a practical, step-by-step plan for product designers and CEOs aimed at supporting the successful implementation of 3D printing by stakeholders at all levels of a manufacturing facility, tailored to their stage of technology integration and business readiness. It features a wide range of real-world examples of practice illustrated in full colour, across industries such as healthcare, construction, and film, aligning with the strategic approach outlined in the book.The book can be followed chronologically to guide you to transform your process for a company, to meet the unique needs of a specific client, or to be used as a starting point for the product design entrepreneur. Written by experienced industry professionals and academics, this is a fundamental reference for product designers, industrial designers, design engineers, CEOs, consultants, and makers.Trade Review"It would be difficult to find three individuals with greater knowledge of the subject. The detail in the book is presented in a rich and practical way. If you are new to 3D printing or have been familiar with it for years, you will benefit from this outstanding publication." Terry Wohlers, Head of Advisory Services and Market Intelligence, Wohlers Associates, USATable of ContentsIntroduction 1. Demystifying 3D printing processes and workflow 2. Working with a design for additive manufacturing (DfAM) consultancy 3. Strategy 1: Working with existing production 4. Strategy 2: Product redesign and new product design 5. Strategy 3: Digital business innovation 6. Case studies: 3D Printing from the product designers’ perspective 7. DfAM: Design guidelines for product designers 8. 3D printing sustainability and digital ecosystems 9. Making the future/remaking product design

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Funicular structures are structural skeletons designed using methodologies that analyze the flow and direction of forces, which can be categorized as compression, tension, or a combination of both. They are not only elegant, resembling naturally occurring forms, but are highly efficient and can be built with minimal use of relatively low-strength materials, thus minimising their negative environmental impact. This book presents an in-depth overview of the theoretical foundations and practical methods of designing funicular structures for maximum efficiency.Beginning with a foundation and introduction to funicular structures for those new to the subject, the book then provides in-depth coverage of cables, arches, shells and vaults, domes, and spatial structures. Chapters explain the theory behind funicular structures in 2D, spatial funicular structures in 3D and examine their structural behaviour. Historical and recent famous structures from around the globe are analysed, and

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Book SynopsisEnvironmental Economics: The Essentials offers a policy-oriented approach to the increasingly influential field of environmental economics that is based on a solid foundation of economic theory and empirical research. Students will not only leave the course with a firm understanding of environmental economics, but they will also be exposed to a number of case studies showing how underlying economic principles provided the foundation for specific environmental and resource policies. This key text highlights what insights can be derived from the actual experience.Key features include: Extensive coverage of the major issues, including climate change, air and water pollution, sustainable development, and environmental justice Introductions to the theory and method of environmental economics, including externalities, experimental and behavioral economics, benefit-cost analysis, and methods for valuing the services provided by the environment Boxed

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Book SynopsisWork has never been as safe as it seems today. Safety has also never been as bureaucratized as it is today. Over the past two decades, the number of safety rules and statutes has exploded, and organizations themselves are creating ever more internal compliance requirements. At the same time, progress on safety has slowed to a crawl. Many incident- and injury rates have flatlined. Worse, excellent safety performance on low-consequence events tends to increase the risk of fatalities and disasters. Bureaucracy and compliance now seem less about managing the safety of the workers we are responsible for, and more about managing the liability of the people they work for. We make workers do a lot that does nothing to improve their success locally. Paradoxically, such tightening of safety bureaucracy robs us of exactly the source of human insight, creativity and resilience that can tell us how success is actually created, and where the next accident may well happen. It Trade Review'Having been a safety professional for 28 years I am absolutely appalled at this man’s attitude towards the safety profession. My work colleagues and I could not believe it when he referred to health and safety professionals as ‘Safety Nazi’s’ and HR as ‘Human Remains’. Does this man honestly believe that 250 years after the industrial revolution safety professionals have made little or no difference to reducing the risk of injury in workplaces…what a disgrace!! And then he goes on to say that if a worker gets killed at work he must have been a good worker, is he serious? I was absolutely gobsmacked at his comment. What a waste of money. Let’s hope he never returns to our State.''Best work on health and safety I have ever seen. Thoroughly researched, real-life examples and common sense. Dekker avoids all the usual garbage and bureaucratese that is so counterproductive to safety, and which completely bedevils the safety profession and regulators.' — Audience responses to Safety Anarchist lecture, 2016'There is deep and meaningful content in here – though the articulations on issues such as authoritarian high modernism, synoptic legibility and the superiority of rationality certainly had this reviewer reaching for a reference book. As respite, the book closes with suggestions on a new way forward – each well-positioned, timely and relevant.' — Andrew Sharman CFIOSH, IOSH Magazine 'This book should appeal to anyone working in organizations, and although the topic is safety, I suspect that things are not much different for any functional discipline in a large organization. If you are a safety professional, I’d suggest taking a deep breath, opening your mind and thinking critically about your current role while reading. If you then decide you want to make changes, I’m sure you’ll get support by passing a few copies of the book around your management team.' — David J. Provan, School of Humanities, Griffith UniversityTable of ContentsAcknowledgmentsPrefaceChapter 1: A Case for ChangeChapter 2: We know what’s best for youChapter 3: Authoritarian High ModernismChapter 4: The safety bureaucracyChapter 5: What gets measured, gets manipulatedChapter 6: The infantilization of usChapter 7: A new religionChapter 8: A non-deterministic worldChapter 9: Anarchy versus anarchismChapter 10: Ways outReferencesIndex

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Book SynopsisThis beautifully illustrated glossary comprises over 2400 terms commonly used to describe vascular plants. The majority are structural terms referring to parts of plants visible with the naked eye or with a x10 hand lens, but some elementary microscopical and physiological terms are also included, as appropriate. Each term is defined accurately and concisely, and whenever possible, cross referenced to clearly labelled line drawings made mainly from living material. The illustrations are presented together in a section comprising 127 large format pages, within which they are grouped according to specific features, such as leaf shape or flower structure, so allowing comparison of different forms at a glance. The illustrations therefore provide a unique compilation of information that can be referred to independently of the definitions. This makes the glossary a particularly versatile reference work for all those needing a guide to botanical terminology and plant structure.Trade Review' This illustrated glossary will be welcomed by those who still enjoy the challenges of identifying and naming vascular plants. It is an excellent guide to botanical terminology and the diagrams are good examples of how illustrations could be produced by authors and by students. The producers of this book have performed a useful service and are to be congratulated for providing a book that is needed.' Biologist' … an admirable piece of work, and one that will prove very useful to many people. Recommended!' Royal Botanic Gardens'It is an excellent guide to botanical terminology and the diagrams are good examples of how illustrations could be produced by authors and by students. The producers of this book have performed a useful service and are to be congratulated for providing a book that is needed.' Biologist'A useful adjunct to a general botanical library …'. Mycotaxon'… a very helpful reference.' American Society & Botanical Artists Newsletter' … an excellent book, to be strongly recommended to everyone with a need to describe plants accurately or to de-mystify technical descriptions.' Journal of Field StudiesTable of ContentsForeword; Acknowledgements; Preface; Notes to readers; Symbols; Prefixes (general); Prefixes (numerical); Suffixes; Measurements; Taxonomic ranks; Part I. The Glossary; Part II. The Illustrations: Roots, storage organs and vegetative reproduction; Seeds and seedlings; Growth and life forms; General features of flowering plants; Plant features and responses; Leaf-like structures and other vegetative features; Leaves; Hairs and scales; Floral features; Flower structure; Features of certain plant families; Fruits; Conifers and conifer allies; Ferns and fern allies.

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Book SynopsisThe Ising model provides a detailed mathematical description of ferromagnetism and is widely used in statistical physics and condensed matter physics. In this Student''s Guide, the author demystifies the mathematical framework of the Ising model and provides students with a clear understanding of both its physical significance, and how to apply it successfully in their calculations. Key topics related to the Ising model are covered, including exact solutions of both finite and infinite systems, series expansions about high and low temperatures, mean-field approximation methods, and renormalization-group calculations. The book also incorporates plots, figures, and tables to highlight the significance of the results. Designed as a supplementary resource for undergraduate and graduate students, each chapter includes a selection of exercises intended to reinforce and extend important concepts, and solutions are also available for all exercises.Table of Contents1. The Ising model; 2. Finite Ising systems; 3. Partial summations and effective interactions; 4. Infinite Ising systems in one dimension; 5. The Onsager solution and exact series expansions; 6. The mean-field approach; 7. Position-space renormalization-group techniques; Index.

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Book SynopsisElevate your software testing approach with a methodology from industry leaders who dedicated their careers to studying, practicing, and teaching the craft of testing. Dive into the world of expert software testing with Taking Testing Seriously: The Rapid Software Testing Approach. This book arms software professionals with the knowledge required to master the Rapid Software Testing (RST) methodology. Written by two co-creators of the RST approach and supplemented by material from respected testers who offer valuable insights, it is an essential read for anyone seeking excellence in the craft of testing. Taking Testing Seriously offers a rich exploration of the RST methodology through insightful interviews, expert discussions, practical case studies, and real-world examples. It thoroughly covers key topics such as the psychology of testing, the science behind it, the fundamental processes and heuristics of test design, and much more. This book provides concrete strategies for addressin

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Book SynopsisHow increased access to icedecades before refrigerationtransformed American life. During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Americans depended upon ice to stay cool and to keep their perishable foods fresh. Jonathan Rees tells the fascinating story of how people got ice before mechanical refrigeration came to the household. Drawing on newspapers, trade journals, and household advice books, Before the Refrigerator explains how Americans built a complex system to harvest, store, and transport ice to everyone who wanted it, even the very poor. Rees traces the evolution of the natural ice industry from its mechanization in the 1880s through its gradual collapse, which started after World War I. Meatpackers began experimenting with ice refrigeration to ship their products as early as the 1860s. Starting around 1890, large, bulky ice machines the size of small houses appeared on the scene, becoming an important source for the American ice supply. As ice machines shrunk, mTrade ReviewIn Before the Refrigerator: How We Used to Get Ice, Jonathan Rees provides a rich and detailed history of how ice became an American staple . . . Rees does a masterful job illustrating how, in its rise and fall, the ice industry created many industry alliances and consumer habits that are still with us today. Ice has become a taken-for-granted feature of modern living. This book is the story of how that came to be.—Xaq Frohlich, Auburn University, Journal of Southern History[Before the Refrigerator] is an in-depth portrayal of a once-indispensable, life-changing technology, the former existence of which is as unknown to most of us as that of the telegraph or canal is to today's undergraduates . . . Rees synthesizes considerable archival research and presents interpretations of importance to scholars . . . Before the Refrigerator is as refreshing as ice water on a hot summer day.—Jeffrey L. Meikle, University of Texas at Austin, Journal of American HistoryTable of ContentsPrefaceIntroduction1. How to Harvest Ice2. How to Manufacture Ice3. How Ice (and the Perishable Food It Preserved) Made It to Consumers4. How Ice Changed the American Diet and American Life5. How Household Refrigerators Changed the Ice Market ForeverConclusionAcknowledgmentsNotesIndex

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Book SynopsisCurrently rising from the ashes, Notre-Dame cathedral's restoration is shown in this beautiful book, a genuine ode to a monument rich in symbolism and secrets.

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Book SynopsisMoran's Principles of Engineering Thermodynamics, SI Version, continues to offer a comprehensive and rigorous treatment of classical thermodynamics, while retaining an engineering perspective. With concise, applications-oriented discussion of topics and self-test problems, this book encourages students to monitor their own learning. This classic text provides a solid foundation for subsequent studies in fields such as fluid mechanics, heat transfer and statistical thermodynamics, and prepares students to effectively apply thermodynamics in the practice of engineering. This edition is revised with additional examples and end-of-chapter problems to increase student comprehension.

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Book SynopsisSpecific Models Covered:Diesel Models 5640, 6640, 7740, 7840, 8240, 8340

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Book Synopsis With Wristwatch Annual, collectors have at hand a wealth of information on the latest offerings from today's most important watch producers, from Swiss mainstays like Rolex and Patek Philippe to the maverick independent brands springing up across Europe and the U.S. The book is arranged alphabetically by producer, and the movement, functions, case, band, price, and variations of each pictured watch are fully described. This year's edition, like its predecessors, features a variety of additional articles on independent watchmaking, key personalities in the watch world, and the technical aspects of horology. An illustrated glossary and a primer on watch care help acclimate the reader to the world of fine timepieces.

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPreface xiii Acknowledgments xv 1 The Physics of Waves 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 One-Dimensional Wave Equation 1 1.3 General Solutions to the 1D Wave Equation 3 1.4 Harmonic Traveling Waves 5 1.5 The Principle of Superposition 7 1.5.1 Periodic Traveling Waves 7 1.5.2 Linear Independence 7 1.6 Complex Numbers and the Complex Representation 8 1.6.1 Complex Algebra 9 1.6.2 The Complex Representation of Harmonic Waves 11 1.7 The Three-Dimensional Wave Equation 12 1.7.1 Spherical Coordinates 13 1.7.2 Three-Dimensional Plane Waves 13 1.7.3 Spherical Waves 15 Problems 16 2 Electromagnetic Waves and Photons 23 2.1 Introduction 23 2.2 Electromagnetism 23 2.3 Electromagnetic Wave Equations 29 2.3.1 Transverse Electromagnetic Waves 31 2.3.2 Energy Flow and the Poynting Vector 33 2.3.3 Irradiance 34 2.4 Photons 37 2.4.1 Single-Photon Interference 41 2.5 The Electromagnetic Spectrum 42 Problems 43 3 Reflection and Refraction 51 3.1 Introduction 51 3.2 Overview of Reflection and Refraction 51 3.2.1 Fermat’s Principle of Least Time 55 3.3 Maxwell’s Equations at an Interface 57 3.3.1 Boundary Conditions 57 3.3.2 Electromagnetic Waves at an Interface 58 3.4 The Fresnel Equations 60 3.4.1 Incident Wave Polarized Normal to the Plane of Incidence 61 3.4.2 Incident Wave Polarized Parallel to the Plane of Incidence 63 3.5 Interpretation of the Fresnel Equations 65 3.5.1 Normal Incidence 66 3.5.2 Brewster’s Angle 66 3.5.3 Total Internal Reflection 68 3.5.4 Plots of the Fresnel Equations vs. Incident Angle 71 3.5.5 Phase Changes on Reflection 72 3.5.5.1 Summary 75 3.6 Reflectivity and Transmissivity 75 3.6.1 Plots of Reflectivity and Transmissivity vs. Incident Angle 78 3.6.2 The Evanescent Wave 79 3.7 Scattering 81 3.7.1 Atmospheric Scattering 82 3.7.2 Rainbows 82 3.7.3 Parhelia 85 3.8 Optical Materials 86 3.9 Dispersion 86 3.9.1 Dispersion in Dielectric Media 86 3.9.1.1 Nonconducting Gases 92 3.9.2 Dispersion in Conducting Media 94 3.9.2.1 Reflection from Conductors 97 Problems 100 4 Geometric Optics I 107 4.1 Introduction 107 4.2 Reflection and Refraction at Aspheric Surfaces 107 4.3 Reflection and Refraction at a Spherical Surface 112 4.3.1 The Paraxial Approximation 112 4.3.2 Spherical Reflecting Surfaces 113 4.3.2.1 Sign Conventions for Reflecting Surfaces 114 4.3.3 Spherical Refracting Surfaces 115 4.3.4 Sign Conventions and Ray Diagrams 117 4.4 Lens Combinations 121 4.4.1 Thin Lenses in Close Combination 122 4.5 Optical Instruments 123 4.5.1 The Camera 123 4.5.2 The Eye 124 4.5.3 The Magnifying Glass 125 4.5.4 The Compound Microscope 126 4.5.5 The Telescope 127 4.5.6 The Exit Pupil 128 4.6 Optical Fibers 129 Problems 133 5 Geometric Optics II 139 5.1 Introduction 139 5.2 Aberrations 139 5.2.1 Chromatic Aberration 139 5.2.2 Spherical Aberration 143 5.2.3 Astigmatism and Coma 143 5.2.4 Field Curvature 143 5.2.5 Diffraction 144 5.3 Principal Points and Effective Focal Lengths in Paraxial Optics 144 5.4 Thick Paraxial Lenses 148 5.4.1 Principal Points and Effective Focal Lengths of Thick Paraxial Lenses 149 5.5 Introduction to Matrix Methods in Paraxial Geometrical Optics 153 5.5.1 The Translation Matrix 153 5.5.2 The Refraction Matrix 155 5.5.3 The Reflection Matrix 156 5.5.4 The Ray Transfer Matrix 157 5.5.5 Location of Principal Points and Effective Focal Lengths for an Optical System 161 5.6 Radiometry 165 5.6.1 Extended Sources 166 5.6.1.1 Spectral Distributions 168 5.6.1.2 Conservation of Radiance 168 5.6.2 Radiometry of Blackbody Sources 169 5.6.3 Rayleigh–Jeans Theory and the Ultraviolet Catastrophe 170 5.6.4 Planck’s Quantum Theory of Blackbody Radiation 173 Problems 176 6 Polarization 185 6.1 Introduction 185 6.2 Linear Polarization 185 6.2.1 Linear Polarizers 186 6.2.2 Linear Polarizer Design 188 6.3 Birefringence 191 6.4 Circular and Elliptical Polarization 194 6.4.1 Wave Plates and Circular Polarizers 196 6.5 Jones Vectors and Matrices 199 6.5.1 Jones Matrices 201 6.5.2 Birefringent Colors 204 Problems 207 7 Superposition and Interference 213 7.1 Introduction 213 7.2 Superposition of Harmonic Waves 213 7.3 Interference Between Two Monochromatic Electromagnetic Waves 214 7.3.1 Linear Power Detection 215 7.3.2 Interference Between Beams with the Same Frequency 216 7.3.2.1 Young’s Double-Slit Experiment 216 7.3.3 Thin-Film Interference 219 7.3.4 Quasi-Monochromatic Sources 222 7.3.5 Fringe Geometry 222 7.3.5.1 Lloyd’s Mirror 223 7.3.5.2 Newton’s Rings 223 7.3.6 Interference Between Beams with Different Frequencies 224 7.3.6.1 Coherent Detection 226 7.4 Fourier Analysis 229 7.4.1 Fourier Transforms 229 7.4.2 Position Space, k-Space Domain 230 7.4.3 Frequency–Time Domain 234 7.5 Properties of Fourier Transforms 234 7.5.1 Symmetry Properties 234 7.5.2 Linearity 235 7.5.3 Transform of a Transform 236 7.6 Wavepackets 236 7.7 Group and Phase Velocity 241 7.8 Interferometry 243 7.8.1 Energy Conservation and Complementary Fringe Patterns 248 7.9 Single-Photon Interference 250 7.10 Multiple-Beam Interference 251 7.10.1 The Scanning Fabry–Perot Interferometer 254 7.11 Interference in Multilayer Films 257 7.11.1 Antireflection Films 261 7.11.2 High-Reflectance Films 263 7.11.2.1 Fabry–Perot Interference Filters 264 7.12 Coherence 265 7.12.1 Temporal Coherence 265 7.12.2 Spatial Coherence 266 7.12.3 Michelson’s Stellar Interferometer 269 7.12.4 Irradiance Interferometry 270 7.12.5 Telescope Arrays 271 Problems 272 8 Diffraction 281 8.1 Introduction 281 8.2 Huygens’ Principle 282 8.2.1 Babinet’s Principle 284 8.3 Fraunhofer Diffraction 284 8.3.1 Single Slit 285 8.3.2 Rectangular Aperture 290 8.3.3 Circular Aperture 291 8.3.4 Optical Resolution 294 8.3.5 More on Stellar Interferometry 295 8.3.6 Double Slit 295 8.3.7 N Slits: The Diffraction Grating 296 8.3.8 The Diffraction Grating 298 8.3.8.1 Chromatic Resolving Power 302 8.3.9 Fraunhofer Diffraction as a Fourier Transform 304 8.3.10 Apodization 306 8.3.10.1 Apertures with Circular Symmetry 307 8.4 Fresnel Diffraction 309 8.4.1 Fresnel Zones 310 8.4.1.1 Circular Apertures 313 8.4.1.2 Circular Obstacles 313 8.4.1.3 Fresnel Zone Plate 316 8.4.2 Holography 320 8.4.3 Numerical Analysis of Fresnel Diffraction with Circular Symmetry 321 8.4.4 Fresnel Diffraction from Apertures with Cartesian Symmetry 323 8.4.4.1 Semi-Infinite Straightedge 326 8.4.4.2 Single Slit 327 8.4.4.3 Rectangular Aperture 329 8.5 Introduction to Quantum Electrodynamics 330 8.5.1 Feynman’s Interpretation 333 Problems 334 9 Lasers 343 9.1 Introduction 343 9.2 Energy Levels in Atoms, Molecules, and Solids 343 9.2.1 Atomic Energy Levels 343 9.2.2 Molecular Energy Levels 346 9.2.3 Solid-State Energy Bands 348 9.2.4 Semiconductor Devices 352 9.3 Stimulated Emission and Light Amplification 354 9.4 Laser Systems 357 9.4.1 Atomic Gas Lasers 358 9.4.1.1 Helium–Neon Laser 359 9.4.2 Molecular Gas Lasers 360 9.4.2.1 Carbon Dioxide Laser 360 9.4.3 Solid-State Lasers 362 9.4.3.1 Diode Lasers 363 9.4.4 Other Laser Systems 364 9.5 Longitudinal Cavity Modes 365 9.6 Frequency Stability 366 9.7 Introduction to Gaussian Beams 367 9.7.1 Overview of Gaussian Beam Properties 367 9.8 Gaussian Beam Properties 369 9.8.1 Approximate Solutions to the Wave Equation 370 9.8.2 Paraxial Spherical Gaussian Beams 372 9.8.3 Gaussian Beam Focusing 373 9.8.4 Matrix Methods and the ABCD Law 376 9.9 Laser Cavities 377 9.9.1 Laser Cavity with Equal Mirror Curvatures 377 9.9.2 Laser Cavity with Unequal Mirror Curvatures 379 9.9.3 Stable Resonators 381 9.9.4 Traveling Wave Resonators 385 9.9.5 Unstable Resonators 385 9.9.6 Transverse Cavity Modes 386 9.10 Electro-optics and Nonlinear Optics 387 9.10.1 The Electro-optic Effect 388 9.10.1.1 Pockels Cells 388 9.10.1.2 Kerr Cells 390 9.10.2 Optical Activity 390 9.10.2.1 Faraday Rotation 392 9.10.3 Acousto-optic Effect 393 9.10.4 Nonlinear Optics 397 9.10.4.1 Harmonic Generation 398 9.10.4.2 Phase Conjugation Reflection by Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing 402 9.10.5 Frequency Mixing 404 Problems 405 10 Optical Imaging 419 10.1 Introduction 419 10.2 Abbe Theory of Image Formation 419 10.2.1 Phase Contrast Microscope 424 10.3 The Point Spread Function 425 10.3.1 Coherent vs. Incoherent Images 426 10.3.2 Speckle 430 10.4 Resolving Power of Optical Instruments 431 10.5 Image Recording 432 10.5.1 Photographic Film 433 10.5.2 Digital Detector Arrays 434 10.6 Contrast Transfer Function 436 10.7 Spatial Filtering 437 10.8 Adaptive Optics 441 Problems 443 Appendix A Chapter 1 Appendix: Transverse Traveling Waves on a String 449 Appendix B Chapter 2 Appendix: Electromagnetic Wave Equations 451 B. 1 Maxwell’s Equations in Differential Form and Wave Equations for ⃗E and ⃗B 451 B. 2 Method 1: Cartesian Coordinates 451 B.2. 1 Wave Equations for ⃗E and ⃗B 455 B. 3 Method 2: Vector Calculus 456 B.3. 1 Wave Equations for ⃗E and ⃗B 457 Appendix C Chapter 5 Appendix: Calculation of the Jeans Number 459 Appendix D Chapter 7 Appendix: Fourier Series 461 D.1 Real Fourier Series 461 D.2 Complex Fourier Series 467 D.3 Nonperiodic Functions and Fourier Transforms 468 Problems 470 Appendix E Solutions to Selected Problems 473 Bibliography 553 Index 555

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Book SynopsisOil is the lifeblood of the modern world. Without it, there would be no planes, no plastic, no exotic produce, and a global political landscape few would recognise. Humanity’s dependence upon oil looks set to continue for decades to come, but what is it? Fully updated and packed with fascinating facts to fuel dinner party debate, Professor Vaclav Smil's Oil: A Beginner's Guide explains all matters related to the ‘black stuff’, from its discovery in the earth right through to the controversy that surrounds it today.Trade Review'“There is no author whose books I look forward to more than Vaclav Smil" -- Bill Gates'Smil's...ability to condense so much detail on a broad range of topics from science to economics in such a short work is as impressive as his command of the subject matter.' -- Jason P. Theriot - Energy and Environmental consultant'In a fluent, easy style [Smil] delves into the world of oil from its discovery on the ground through to its effect on prices at the petrol pumps, and to its impact on future generations.' * The Good Book Guide *'Everything most people — including most economists and investment advisors — should know about the physics and economics of oil.' * National Post *'A well-balanced, concise, and readable synthesis of oil-related facts and history.' * Technology and Culture *

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Book SynopsisRecognising that buildings are a major contributor to global warming and the critical role of embodied versus operational carbon, the book focuses on houses built from materials that either sequester carbon (plants), use materials with very low embodied carbon (earth and stone) or reuse substantial amounts of existing materials. Organised by those materials (wood, bamboo, straw, hemp, cork, earth, brick, stone and re-use), and incorporating life cycle diagrams demonstrating how the raw material is processed into building components, the book shows how the unique properties of each material can transform the ways architects conceive the sections of houses. The house was selected as the vehicle for these investigations due to its scale, its role as a site of architectural experimentation, and its ubiquity. Building on the techniques of the Manual of Section, the book is comprised of newly generated cross-sectional drawings of 55 recent, modestly sized houses from around the world, making legible the tectonics and materials used in their construction. Each house is also shown through exploded axonometric, construction photographs and colour photographs of the exterior and interior. Introductory essays set up the importance of embodied carbon, the role of vernacular plant-based construction and the problems of contemporary house construction. Drawing connections between the architecture of the house, environmental systems and material economies, the book seeks to change how we build now and for the future.Trade Review"Published by ORO Editions, the book allows architects to rethink architectural cross-sections while using the raw materials of cross-sections that represent the lifeblood of buildings in their design." - World Architecture Community

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Book SynopsisWinner of a Shingo Research and Professional Publication AwardThe new edition of this Shingo Prize-winning bestseller provides critical insights and approaches to make any Lean transformation an ongoing success. It shows you how to implement a sustainable, successful transformation by developing a culture that has your stakeholders throughout the organizational chart involved and invested in the outcome. It teaches you how to successfully navigate the politics in cross-functional process improvement projects, and to engage executives in ways that are personally meaningful to them. If you are a leader at any level in an organization undergoing or considering a Lean transformation, this is where you should start and finish â and start again.Read the Reviews:This book became an instant classic in the literature of professional operations. In this third edition, David Mann updates and expands his teaching with five additional years of valuable expeTrade Review"This book became an instant classic in the literature of professional operations. In this third edition, David Mann updates and expands his teaching with five additional years of valuable experience and expertise derived from his very active, multi-industry consultancy. I have benefitted greatly from his writing and wholeheartedly recommend this book to be top-of-the desk of any serious Lean practitioner or performance transformation leader."— Raymond C. Floyd, two-time Shingo Prize Winner, President and CEO, Plasco Energy Group"David Mann builds substantially on his seminal work on the Lean management system. The book is full of new insight and polishes the most important ideas about Lean management. The new chapter on engaging executive leadership alone is worth the price of the book."— Peter Ward, Richard M. Ross Professor and Chair, Department of Management Science, Fisher College of Business, The Ohio State University"This book has long been my ‘go-to’ guide on Lean management practices that help create a culture of continuous improvement and excellence. I have recommended the book to countless healthcare leaders who rave about how helpful it is in translating Lean principles into daily management behaviors. The healthcare examples make it even more relevant as a must read for any hospital leader who aims to move beyond Lean tools.."--- Mark Graban, author of Lean Hospitals, co-author of Healthcare Kaizen and The Executive Guide to Healthcare Kaizen"As more companies outside the manufacturing sector pursue Lean transformations, Creating a Lean Culture is as critical a resource as ever. Breaking down silos and navigating tricky internecine politics remain a momentous challenge, and Mann’s case-based insights are an invaluable tool."— Peg Pennington, Executive Director, Center for Operational Excellence, Fisher College of Business, The Ohio State University"David has once again taken the topics that trip us up and put structure and guidance around them. His new work on executive involvement is worth the price of the book all by itself. Many of us have struggled with this topic and David provides a path to success."— Elizabeth M. King, Vice President Organizational Effectiveness, ESCO CorporationTable of ContentsThe Missing Link in Lean: The Management System. Lean Management System’s Principal Elements. Standard Work for Leaders. Visual Controls. Daily Accountability Process. Lean in Administrative, Technical, and Professional Work. Learning Lean Management: The Sensei and Gemba Walks. Being the Sensei: Engaging Your Executives in the Lean Initiative. Leading a Lean Operation. Solving Problems and Improving Processes—Rapidly. People—Predictable Interruption, Source of Ideas. Sustain What You Implement.

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Book SynopsisPublisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product.The industry-standard resource for maintenance planning and schedulingâthoroughly revised for the latest advancesWritten by a Certified Maintenance and Reliability Professional (CMRP) with more than three decades of experience, this resource provides proven planning and scheduling strategies that will take any maintenance organization to the next level of performance. The book resolves common industry frustration with planning and reduces the complexity of scheduling in addition to dealing with reactive maintenance. You will find coverage of estimating labor hours, setting the level of plan detail, creating practical weekly and daily schedules, kitting parts, and more, all designed to increase your workforce without hiri

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPreface xi About the Authors xv 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 A Brief History of Satellite Communications 5 1.3 Satellite Communications in 2018 9 1.4 Overview of Satellite Communications 11 1.5 Summary 14 1.6 Organization of This Book 15 References 16 2 Orbital Mechanics and Launchers 17 2.1 Introduction 17 2.2 Achieving a Stable Orbit 17 2.3 Kepler’s Three Laws of Planetary Motion 23 2.4 Describing the Orbit of a Satellite 25 2.5 Locating the Satellite in the Orbit 27 2.6 Locating the Satellite with Respect to the Earth 29 2.7 Orbital Elements 31 2.8 Look Angle Determination 33 2.9 Orbital Perturbations 42 2.10 Orbit Determination 46 2.11 Space Launch Vehicles and Rockets 47 2.12 Placing Satellites Into Geostationary Orbit 56 2.13 Orbital Effects in Communications Systems Performance 59 2.14 Manned Space Vehicles 62 2.15 Summary 64 Exercises 65 References 68 3 Satellites 71 3.1 Satellite Subsystems 72 3.2 Attitude and Orbit Control System (AOCS) 75 3.3 Telemetry, Tracking, Command, and Monitoring (TTC&M) 84 3.4 Power Systems 88 3.5 Communications Subsystems 90 3.6 Satellite Antennas 100 3.7 Equipment Reliability and Space Qualification 107 3.8 Summary 113 Exercises 114 References 116 4 Satellite Link Design 119 4.1 Introduction 119 4.2 Transmission Theory 125 4.3 System Noise Temperature and G/T Ratio 130 4.4 Design of Downlinks 142 4.5 Ku-Band GEO Satellite Systems 149 4.6 Uplink Design 158 4.7 Design for Specified CNR: Combining CNR and C/I Values in Satellite Links 163 4.8 System Design for Specific Performance 167 4.9 Summary 188 Exercises 189 References 193 5 Digital Transmission and Error Control 195 5.1 Digital Transmission 197 5.2 Implementing Zero ISI Transmission in the Time Domain 215 5.3 Probability of Error in Digital Transmission 221 5.4 Digital Transmission of Analog Signals 231 5.5 Time Division Multiplexing 241 5.6 Packets, Frames, and Protocols 243 5.7 Error Control 246 5.8 Summary 264 Exercises 266 References 269 6 Modulation and Multiple Access 271 6.1 Introduction 271 6.2 Digital Modulation 273 6.3 Multiple Access 287 6.4 Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) 291 6.5 Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) 308 6.6 Synchronization in TDMA Networks 317 6.7 Transmitter Power in TDMA Networks 319 6.8 Star and Mesh Networks 323 6.9 Onboard Processing 324 6.10 Demand Assignment Multiple Access (DAMA) 329 6.11 Random Access (RA) 333 6.12 Packet Radio Systems and Protocols 334 6.13 Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) 337 6.14 Summary 348 Exercises 349 References 352 7 Propagation Effects and Their Impact on Satellite-Earth Links 355 7.1 Introduction 355 7.2 Propagation Phenomena 358 7.3 Quantifying Attenuation and Depolarization 359 7.4 Propagation Effects That are Not Associated with Hydrometeors 367 7.5 Rain and Ice Effects 372 7.6 Prediction of Rain Attenuation 380 7.7 Prediction of XPD 390 7.8 Propagation Impairment Countermeasures 399 7.9 Summary 404 Exercises 405 References 408 8 Low Throughput Systems and Small Satellites 411 8.1 Introduction 411 8.2 Small Satellites 413 8.3 Operational Use of SmallSats 436 8.4 Low Throughput Mobile Communications Satellite Systems 440 8.5 VSAT Systems 444 8.6 Signal Formats 461 8.7 System Aspects 469 8.8 Time Over Coverage 470 8.9 Orbital Debris 471 8.10 Summary 472 Exercises 473 References 475 9 NGSO Satellite Systems 481 9.1 Introduction 481 9.2 Orbit Considerations 485 9.3 Coverage and Frequency Considerations 501 9.4 System Considerations 523 9.5 Operational and Proposed NGSO Constellation Designs 526 9.6 System Design Example 534 9.7 Summary 535 Exercises 537 References 539 10 Direct Broadcast Satellite Television and Radio 543 10.1 C-Band and Ku-Band Home Satellite TV 545 10.2 Digital DBS-TV 545 10.3 DVB-S and DVB-S2 Standards 556 10.4 DBS-TV System Design 569 10.5 DBS-TV Link Budget for DVB-S and DVB-S2 Receivers 572 10.6 Second Generation DBS-TV Satellite Systems Using DVB-S2 Signal Format 575 10.7 Master Control Station and Uplink 576 10.8 Installation of DBS-TV Antennas 577 10.9 Satellite Radio Broadcasting 578 10.10 Summary 583 Exercises 584 References 586 11 Satellite Internet 589 11.1 History of Satellite Internet Access 589 11.2 Geostationary Satellite Internet Access 592 11.3 NGSO Satellite Systems 604 11.4 Link Budgets for NGSO Systems 613 11.5 Packets and Protocols for NGSO Systems 618 11.6 Gateways, User Terminals, and Onboard Processing Satellites 622 11.7 Total Capacity of OneWeb and SpaceX Proposed NGSO Constellations 625 11.8 End of Life Disposal of NGSO Satellites 625 11.9 Comparison of Spot Beam Coverage of GSO and LEO Internet Access Satellites 626 11.10 User Terminal Antennas for Ku-Band, Ka-Band, and V-Band 627 11.11 Summary 628 Exercises 629 References 629 12 Satellite Navigation and the Global Positioning System 633 12.1 The Global Positioning System 634 12.2 Radio and Satellite Navigation 637 12.3 GPS Position Location Principles 640 12.4 GPS Codes and Frequencies 644 12.5 Satellite Signal Acquisition 648 12.6 GPS Signal Levels 658 12.7 GPS Navigation Message 662 12.8 GPS C/A Code Standard Positioning System Accuracy 663 12.9 Differential GPS 667 12.10 Denial of Service: Jamming and Spoofing 669 12.11 ADS-B and Air Traffic Control 672 12.12 GPS Modernization 673 12.13 Summary 675 Exercises 676 References 677 Glossary 681 Appendix A Decibels in Communications Engineering 691 Appendix B Antennas 695 Appendix C Complementary Error Function erfc(x) and Q FunctionQ(z) 715 Appendix D Digital Transmission of Analog Signals 719 Index 731

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Book SynopsisExplore the moral and ethical issues which arise at the intersection of novel technology and engineering In Ethics, Technology, and Engineering: An Introduction, a team of distinguished researchers delivers an insightful and thought-provoking exploration of some of the toughest ethical questions found at the crossroads of engineering and technology. The book demonstrates the skills necessary to effectively grapple with ethical issues that arise from the practice of engineering. The authors introduce the ethical cycle, a unique and systematic approach to dealing with ethical problems. They utilize numerous real-life case studies from the United States, Europe, and elsewhere to shed important light on the ethical issues that arise in the daily work of practicing engineers. They also provide a comprehensive overview of various ethical frameworks used in engineering, including utilitarianism, deontological ethics, virtue ethics, Ubuntu, and Confucianism. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to a practice-oriented approach to ethical decision-making in engineeringComprehensive explorations of the ethical cycle, an approach that encourages students to consider a diversity of ethical viewpoints and come to reasoned and justified judgmentsPractical discussions of ethical issues in engineering design, technological risks, and moral responsibilityTreatments of sustainability and how it affects professionals working in engineering, as well as responsible innovationPerfect for engineers, technologists, and entrepreneurs, Ethics, Technology, and Engineering: An Introduction will also benefit businesspeople and founders interested in the ethical implications of a variety of fascinating new technologies.Table of ContentsAcknowledgments x Introduction 1 1 The Responsibilities of Engineers 6 2 Codes of Conduct 37 3 Normative Ethics 70 4 The Ethical Cycle 121 5 Design for Values 145 6 Ethical Aspects of Technical Risks 182 7 The Distribution of Responsibility in Engineering 213 8 Sustainability, Ethics, and Technology 241 9 Responsible Innovation 265 Appendix I: Engineering Qualifications and Organizations in a Number of Countries 294 Appendix II: NSPE Code of Ethics for Engineers 301 Appendix III: ENGINEERS EUROPE Position Paper on Code of Conduct: Ethics and Conduct of Professional Engineers 306 Appendix IV: Examples of Corporate Codes of Conduct 308 Appendix V: DSM Alert Royal DSM Whistleblower Policy 314 Appendix VI: Cases 321 References 336 Index of Cases 352 Index 353

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Book SynopsisDescribes all the events and personalities involved in the monumental undertaking which precipitated revolution, scandal, economic crisis, and a new Central American republic.

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Book SynopsisSpecific Models Covered:Models 385, 485, 585, 685, 885

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Book SynopsisThe space, setup, and equipment required to raise and process poultry are minimal when compared to other types of livestock, which is part of what makes chickens such an appealing choice for small-scale meat producers. Expert butcher and teacher Adam Danforth covers the entire slaughtering and butchering process in this photographic guide specifically geared toward backyard chicken keepers and small-farm operations invested in raising meat responsibly. With step-by-step photos, detailed instructions, and chapters dedicated to necessary tools and equipment, essential food safety measures, how to prepare for slaughter and process the birds quickly and humanely, how to break down the carcasses into cuts, and how to package and freeze the cuts to ensure freshness, this comprehensive handbook gives poultry raisers the information they need to make the most of their meat.

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Book SynopsisSpecific Models Covered:Models 1100, 1110, 1200, 1210, 1300, 1310, 1500, 1510, 1700, 1710, 1900, 1910, 2110

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Book SynopsisSpecific Models Covered:Diesel Models: 1020, 1520, 1530, 2020, 2030. Gas Models: 1020, 1520, 2020, 2030

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Book SynopsisTeach yourself the lost arts of blacksmithing, tool design, and tool repair.   Design, forge, and fix your own tools, hardware, and household accessories with master craftsman and teacher Alexander G. Weygers. The Complete Modern Blacksmith contains clear, step-by-step instructions and hundreds of the author’s own detailed drawings, bringing scores of time-honored techniques to modern artisans – experienced craftsmen and beginners alike.   This unique resource brings together three popular but long-out-of-print classics: • The Modern Blacksmith, which covers everything from developing the correct hammer and body motions for forging and creating tools such as pliers, shovels, and hinges. • The Recycling, Use, and Repair of Tools, which stresses the reuse of old materials, featuring easy-to-follow processes. • The Making of Tools, which explores how to design, sharpen, and temper whichever tool you need, using only basic shop equipment and scrap steel.   A truly invaluable resource, The Complete Modern Blacksmith is an essential volume in any craftman''s library.

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