Technology, Engineering & Agriculture Books

Book SynopsisThe book presents a broad-scope analysis of piezoelectric electromechanical transducers and the related aspects of practical transducer design for underwater applications. It uses an energy method for analyzing transducer problems that provides the physical insight important for the understanding of electromechanical devices. Application of the method is first illustrated with transducer examples that can be modeled as systems with a single degree of freedom, (such as spheres, short cylinders, bars and flexural disks and plates made of piezoelectric ceramics). Thereupon, transducers are modeled as devices with multiple degrees of freedom. In all these cases, results of modeling are presented in the form of equivalent electromechanical circuits convenient for the calculation of the transducers’ operational characteristics. Special focus is made on the effects of coupled vibrations in mechanical systems on transducer performance. The book also provides extensive coverage of acoustic radiation including acoustic interaction between the transducers. The book is inherently multidisciplinary. It provides essential background regarding the vibration of elastic passive and piezoelectric bodies, piezoelectricity, acoustic radiation, and transducer characterization. Scientists and engineers working in the field of electroacoustics and those involved in education in the field will find this material useful not only for underwater acoustics, but also for electromechanics, energy conversion and medical ultrasonics.

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Book SynopsisFirst awarded in 1933, the Ahuwhenua Trophy was introduced by Sir Apirana Ngataand Lord Bledisloe to encourage skill and proficiency in Māori farming. Since then, the competition has grown to become a large, prestigious and keenly contested event. This history of the Ahuwhenua Trophy Competition spans 1933 to the presentday, detailing the establishment of the trophy and the challenges and triumphs of farming within the context of Māori land development policies and practices. Its attention to environmental standards and protecting land and its resources for future generations is widely recognised in the agricultural sector. Trophies are awarded for excellence in sheep and beef farming, dairy farming, and horticulture, as well as recognising exceptional young farmers.

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Book SynopsisPlans included: Saint George's Harbour (1:17 500) Dockyard Marina (1:4000) Caroline Bay Marina (1:12 500) Hamilton Harbour (1:15 000) Bermuda Approaches (1:350 000) Imray-Iolaire charts for Caribbean & Atlantic Islands are widely acknowledged as the best available for the cruising sailor. They combine the latest official survey data with first-hand information gathered over 60 years of research by Don Street Jr and his wide network of contributors. Like all Imray charts, they are printed on water resistant Pretex paper for durability, and they include many anchorages, facilities and inlets not included on official charts. This edition includes the latest official data combined with additional information sourced from Imray's network to make it ideal for small craft. It includes the latest official bathymetric surveys. There has been general updating throughout.

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Book SynopsisPart of the small format Y series (A2 size), this replicates sheet 2400.3 from the 2400 West Country Chart Pack

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Book SynopsisPlans included: Wick Bay (1:10 000) Helmsdale (1:10 000) Inverness Firth (1:75 000) Nairn (1:7500) Burghead (1:8000) Hopeman (1:7500) Lossiemouth (1:7500) Buckie (1:15 000) Banff & Macduff (1:25 000) Fraserburgh (1:7500) Peterhead (1:17 500) Aberdeen (1:20 000) Stonehaven (1:17 500) Montrose (1:12 500) Arbroath (1:15 000) Inverness (1:25 000) This edition includes the latest official UKHO data, combined with additional information sourced from Imray's network to make it ideal for small craft. The chart has been fully revised throughout and includes the latest windfarm developments. The chart title has been changed on this edition to 'Fife Ness to Duncansby Head' to give clearer definition of the geographic area covered.

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Book SynopsisAsia is home to 60 per cent of the world's population, including the world's two most populous nations, China and India. The region's economic gains and rising middle class are accelerating demand for more consumer goods and a better quality of life. For further economic growth to be realised, the region will need a massive supply of additional energy, three- to five-fold 2020’s amount by 2050. These changes create new business and investment opportunities for domestic companies and overseas participants. Asia’s energy market, already the world’s biggest, will soon be the most advanced. There will be mass adoption of digital technologies, like artificial intelligence, to make the distribution of solar, wind and other clean resources, smarter and more efficient. Led by China, billions of dollars in capital investment will drive the region's shift to green, sustainable energy, replacing polluting and expensive fossil fuels, which will help to rein in climate change. In Asia’s Energy Revolution, leading energy markets analyst and practitioner Joseph Jacobelli explains why Asia is the world’s most important territory for energy transition, how developments in the region will drive change in the rest of the world as well as how it will all be financed. The book discussion includes: Analysis of past events and forward-looking analysis of the industry in the region encompassing commercial, economic, and financial aspects Appraisal of new energy technologies, such as electric vehicles, and digital solutions, such as blockchain for energy Review of the capital flows and sustainable financing channels needed to fund energy infrastructure and tech growth

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Book SynopsisThis book covers the emerging applications of different computational and optimization techniques in order to achieve a sustainable agriculture. A sustainable agricultural management requires tools in providing integrated, area-specifi c, and interpreted prediction or forecasting and guidance in every aspect in agriculture.

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Book SynopsisDer Titel dieses Buches kann leider nur einen kleinen Ausschnitt aus der großen Bandbreite des Inhalts von nahezu 600 Seiten erfassen. Prof. Eligehausen hat in seiner Schaffenszeit national und international eine Vielzahl von Forschungs- und Entwicklungsaufgaben in den Bereichen Befestigungstechnik, Bewehrungstechnik, Stahlbetonbau, Verbundbau, Verstärkung von Bauwerken, Brandschutz, Korrosion, Simulation und weiteren Gebieten aus der allgemeinen Bautechnik bearbeitet. Sein 70. Geburtstag war selbstverständlicher Anlass für zahlreiche internationale Fachkollegen aus Forschung und Praxis sowie ehemalige Mitarbeiter, mit einem Fachaufsatz oder auch der Schilderung persönlicher Begebenheiten zur vorliegenden Festschrift beizutragen. Die Festschrift beinhaltet über 50 Beiträge von mehr als 80 national und international anerkannten Autoren. Sie veröffentlichen wertvolle Erfahrungen und Erkenntnisse und berichten in den jeweiligen Themengebieten über den aktuellen Stand in Theorie und Praxis. Das vorliegende Buch ermöglicht dem Leser, sich anhand der vorgestellten Beiträge rasch mit dem neuesten Wissensstand in dem breiten Anwendungsspektrum der Befestigungstechnik, des Stahlbetonbaus und seiner Randbereiche vertraut zu machen sowie Hintergrundinformationen für bestehende und künftige Regelungen und Vorschriften zu erhalten.

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Book SynopsisMaster fundamental technologies for modern semiconductor integrated circuits with this definitive textbook, for students from a range of STEM backgrounds, with a focus on big-picture thinking and industry-grade simulation. Includes over 450 full-color figures and over 280 homework problems, with solutions and lecture slides for instructors.Trade Review'Covering the latest advances in chip manufacturing, this is a timely and valuable contribution by two of the leading researchers in the field.' Sanjay Banerjee, The University of Texas at Austin'Comprehensive and timely. This new edition retains the characteristic balance between fundamental aspects, fabrication details, and simulation specifics. Its historical particulars are both thrilling and stimulating.' Shi-Li Zhang, Uppsala University'A timely and resourceful edition that addresses semiconductor talent development in the coming years. More than 100 of my undergraduate and graduate students have found this text an enriching resource for expanding their understanding about semiconductor processes.' Muhammad Hussain, Purdue UniversityTable of Contents1. Historical Perspective, Moore's Law and Future Technology Prospects; 2. Modern CMOS Technology; 3. Semiconductor Materials = Crystal Growth, Wafer Preparation and Material Properties; 4. Semiconductor Manufacturing – Clean Rooms, Wafer Cleaning, Gettering and Chip Yield; 5. Lithography; 6. Semiconductor/Insulator Interfaces; 7. Doping in Semiconductors; 8. Ion Implantation; 9. Etching Technologies and Chemical-Mechanical Polishing; 10. Deposition Technologies; 11. Backend (Interconnect) Processing Technologies.

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Book SynopsisMaster the mechanics of materials with YouTube influencer Jeff Hanson   Written to complement Hansonâs videos, How to Ace Mechanics of Materials with Jeff Hanson provides everything you need to know about strength of materials. Designed to reinforce lessons learned from the videos, the text covers key mechanics of materials concepts in concise, easy-to-understand ways. Youâll find pro tips, pitfalls, and practice problems pulled from and interlaced with the videos. Additional questions, problems, and challenges expand on those covered in the videos. Follows the videos of the YouTube engineering influencer Jeff Hanson, who has nearly 250,000 followers and is famous for demystifying complex material Reinforces learning with real-world examples, visuals and problems No paragraphs of text! Just the key takeaways you need to know in easy-to-read bulleted lists and illustrations Packed with pro tips and advice on avoidin

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Book SynopsisSyed Farrukh Hassan has been designing and deploying networks for over 20 years. In his current role as principal telecommunications architect at Red Hat, Syed provides consultancy services to global 5G customers. Prior to that, Syed worked as a senior solutions architect in the Cisco professional and consulting services organization, providing guidance, strategy, and planning support to various Internet, cloud, and mobile service providers in their adoption of innovating networking technologies and transformation of their networks to new architectures. Syed co-authored one of the first books on NFV and SDN, has been a regular speaker in public forums and conferences, and is recognized as a Cisco Live Distinguished Speaker. Syed is a double CCIE in Service Provider and Data Center technologies (#21617), Google Certified Professional Cloud Networking Engineer, and Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA). He holds a bachelor's degree in engineering from NED UniversitTable of ContentsIntroduction xx Chapter 1: A Peek at the Past 2 Brief History of Pre-Cellular Mobile Networks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 The Very First Cellular Networks: 1G.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Second Generation (2G) Cellular Networks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Generation Two and a Half (2.5G). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Third Generation (3G).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Chapter 2: Anatomy of Mobile Communication Networks 28 Understanding Radio Access Network.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Mobile Transport and Backhaul.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Mobile Core Concepts.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Chapter 3: Mobile Networks Today 76 3GPP Releases and Evolved Packet System.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Evolved Packet Core (EPC) Architecture.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 RAN Evolution.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Modern Mobile Backhaul Networks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Chapter 4: The Promise of 5G 120 Emerging Trends and Expectations from Mobile Networks.. . . . . . . . . . 121 5G Technology Enablers.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 5G Service Offerings.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Chapter 5: 5G Fundamentals 138 5G Radio Access Network.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 5G Core Network.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 5G Transport Network.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Chapter 6: Emerging Technologies for 5G-Ready Networks: Segment Routing 212 Complexity in Today’s Network.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 Introducing Segment Routing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 Segment Routing Traffic Engineering (SR-TE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 Software-Defined Transport with Segment Routing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 5G Transport Network Slicing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 Redundancy and High Availability with Segment Routing.. . . . . . . . . . . 238 Segment Routing for IPv6 (SRv6). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 Chapter 7: Essential Technologies for 5G-Ready Networks: DC Architecture and Edge Computing 250 Data Center Basics.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 From Centralized to Distributed to Cloud Data Centers. . . . . . . . . . . . 257 Deploying Data Centers.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 Optimizing Compute Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 Chapter 8: Essential Technologies for 5G-Ready Networks: Transport Services 274 What’s a 5G Transport Service?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 VPN Services.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 Transport Services Across MCN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 Chapter 9: Essential Technologies for 5G-Ready Networks: Timing and Synchronization 302 Types of Synchronization.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 Why Synchronization Is Important in 5G.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 Synchronization Sources and Clock Types.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 Implementing Timing in Mobile Networks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331 References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332 Chapter 10: Designing and Implementing 5G Network Architecture 334 5G Architecture Recap.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334 5G Fronthaul Considerations.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336 xHaul Transport Technology Choices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 Designing the Mobile Transport Network. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346 Routing Design Simplification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 Transport Services for 5G MCN.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370 Taking MCN to the Cloud.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372 Automation in 5G Networks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376 Deciphering 5G Mobile Requirements.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384 Afterword: Beyond 5G 386 9780137376841, TOC, 4/14/2022

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Book SynopsisDr. Vladyslav Ukis is head of R&D for the Siemens Healthineers teamplay digital health platform and reliability lead for all Siemens Healthineers Digital Health products. Previously, as software development lead, he drove Continuous Delivery, SRE, and DevRel transformation, helping this large distributed development organization evolve architecture, deployment, testing, operations, and culture to implement these new processes at scale.Trade Review"Many enterprises today face the challenge of establishing modern operations for their SaaS offerings. This book provides a proven step-by-step guide for how this can be done from scratch using Google's SRE methodology. From achieving organizational buy-in to laying down the basic SRE foundations, establishing incident response and implementing a suitable organizational structure--the book contains a wealth of advice for development, operations, and leadership teams!"--Dr. Peter Schardt, Chief Technology Officer at Siemens Healthcare GmbH "Establishing SRE Foundations is a great introductory guide for anyone new to understanding and implementing Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) in their organization. Vlad creates a solid platform for anyone wishing to understand the SRE approach to building reliability into software services. As well as practical advice on implementing techniques such as SLIs and SLOs, Vlad goes into detail on how to achieve buy-in for SRE adoption and how to modify your organizational setup, rooted in his own experiences of working in a large organization. Those experiences are sorely lacking elsewhere in SRE literature, and when I'm asked in the future about SRE, I'll be referring people to this excellent book."--Steve Smith, author of Measuring Continuous Delivery (2020) "I very much enjoyed reading this book, even in its early forms. Vlad treats the topic of SRE methodically and in great detail; if you have ever been wondering whether or not someone else has come across your particular issue in an SRE implementation, this book can answer that question and probably has an actionable solution as well. Destined to become a constantly referenced handbook by all those involved in SRE change projects."--Niall Murphy, co-author of Site Reliability Engineering (2016) and The Site Reliability Handbook (2018) "There are an overwhelming number of blogs, books, podcasts, and ad hoc opinions covering the nitty-gritty of SRE toolchains and technology choices. That being said, SRE initiatives rarely fail for technological reasons--they fail for structural or organizational reasons. In Establishing SRE Foundations, Dr. Ukis has given us all a detailed, accessible, and actionable blueprint for the structures and practices of a successful SRE organization. It is an excellent book and one I would recommend to anyone looking to establish a scaled-out SRE practice in a complex environment."--Ben Sigelman, co-founder of Lightstep "Establishing SRE Foundations provides far and away the clearest, most comprehensive, and most actionable roadmap I have seen for driving, scaling, and sustaining SRE in an engineering organization. I cannot recommend it highly enough!"--Randy Shoup, eBay Chief Architect and former Google Engineering leader "Establishing SRE Foundations is a comprehensive guide for anyone looking to take their software operations to the next level. If you are a beginner, you will learn why SRE is a great methodology for improving operations, what the challenges of introducing SRE are, how to achieve organizational buyin for SRE, how to lay the foundation for SRE in your teams, and how to drive continuous improvement. If you are an experienced practitioner, you will learn how to set up an error budget policy, enable error budget–based decision-making, and implement a suitable organizational structure. I think the content of the book is spot on and highly recommend it!"--Vitor dos Reis, Director of Software Engineering at Delivery Hero "Vlad offers a detailed and comprehensive overview of the transformation to SRE. He covers assessment, organizational structures, technical implementation, communication, and continuation. This book is a clear roadmap for any organization starting or progressing their SRE journey, replete with what to consider, options available, and real-world examples. If you are thinking about starting the SRE journey, have found yourself stalled along the way, or are looking for more ideas to help you continue the journey successfully, then buy this book."--Doc Norton, Change Catalyst, OnBelay ConsultingTable of ContentsForeword xxiPreface xxvAcknowledgments xxixAbout the Author xxxiii Part I: Foundations 1 Chapter 1: Introduction to SRE 31.1 Why SRE? 31.2 Alignment Using SRE 131.3 Why Does SRE Work? 171.4 Summary 19 Chapter 2: The Challenge 212.1 Misalignment 222.2 Collective Ownership 232.3 Ownership Using SRE 252.4 The Challenge Statement 382.5 Coaching 392.6 Summary 41 Chapter 3: SRE Basic Concepts 433.1 Service Level Indicators 433.2 Service Level Objectives 453.3 Error Budgets 473.4 Error Budget Policies 533.5 SRE Concept Pyramid 553.6 Alignment Using the SRE Concept Pyramid 593.7 Summary 63 Chapter 4: Assessing the Status Quo 654.1 Where Is the Organization? 654.2 Where Are the People? 694.3 Where Is the Tech? 714.4 Where Is the Culture? 744.5 Where Is the Process? 794.6 SRE Maturity Model 814.7 Posing Hypotheses 814.8 Summary 86 Part II: Running the Transformation 87 Chapter 5: Achieving Organizational Buy-In 895.1 Getting People Behind SRE 895.2 SRE Marketing Funnel 925.3 SRE Coaches 965.4 Top-Down Buy-In 995.5 Bottom-Up Buy-In 1175.6 Lateral Buy-In 1225.7 Buy-In Staggering 1235.8 Team Coaching 1245.9 Traversing the Organization 1265.10 Organizational Coaching 1315.11 Summary 133 Chapter 6: Laying Down the Foundations 1356.1 Introductory Talks by Team 1356.2 Conveying the Basics 1366.3 SLI Standardization 1476.4 Enabling Logging 1546.5 Teaching the Log Query Language 1566.6 Defining Initial SLOs 1576.7 Default SLOs 1636.8 Providing Basic Infrastructure 1646.9 Engaging Champions 1676.10 Dealing with Detractors 1686.11 Creating Documentation 1716.12 Broadcast Success 1726.13 Summary 174 Chapter 7: Reacting to Alerts on SLO Breaches 1757.1 Environment Selection 1757.2 Responsibilities 1777.3 Ways of Working 1807.4 Setting Up On-Call Rotations 1857.5 On-Call Management Tools 1887.6 Out-of-Hours On-Call 1937.7 Systematic Knowledge Sharing 1967.8 Broadcast Success 2087.9 Summary 209 Chapter 8: Implementing Alert Dispatching 2118.1 Alert Escalation 2128.2 Defining an Alert Escalation Policy 2148.3 Defining Stakeholder Groups 2168.4 Triggering Stakeholder Notifications 2188.5 Defining Stakeholder Rings 2198.6 Defining Effective Stakeholder Notifications 2228.7 Getting the Stakeholders Subscribed 2258.8 Broadcast Success 2268.9 Summary 227 Chapter 9: Implementing Incident Response 2299.1 Incident Response Foundations 2299.2 Incident Priorities 2309.3 Complex Incident Coordination 2489.4 Incident Postmortems 2689.5 Effective Postmortem Criteria 2699.6 Mashing Up the Tools 2949.7 Service Status Broadcast 2989.8 Documenting the Incident Response Process 3019.9 Broadcast Success 3029.10 Summary 303 Chapter 10: Setting Up an Error Budget Policy 30510.1 Motivation 305 10.2 Terminology 307 10.3 Error Budget Policy Structure 30810.4 Error Budget Policy Conditions 30910.5 Error Budget Policy Consequences 31110.6 Error Budget Policy Governance 31210.7 Extending the Error Budget Policy 31410.8 Agreeing to the Error Budget Policy 31810.9 Storing the Error Budget Policy 31910.10 Enacting the Error Budget Policy 32010.11 Reviewing the Error Budget Policy 32110.12 Related Concepts 32210.13 Summary 324 Chapter 11: Enabling Error Budget–Based Decision-Making 325 11.1 Reliability Decision-Making Taxonomy 32511.2 Implementing SRE Indicators 33011.3 Process Indicators, Not People KPIs 35911.4 Decisions Versus Indicators 35911.5 Decision-Making Workflows 36211.6 Summary 388 Chapter 12: Implementing Organizational Structure 39112.1 SRE Principles Versus Organizational Structure 39312.2 Who Builds It, Who Runs It? 39412.3 You Build It, You Run It 40312.4 You Build It, You and SRE Run It 40612.5 You Build It, SRE Run It 42112.6 Cost Optimization 42412.7 Team Topologies 42612.8 Choosing a Model 43212.9 A New Role: SRE 44012.10 SRE Career Path 45012.11 Communicating the Chosen Model 45612.12 Introducing the Chosen Model 45712.13 Summary 462 Part III: Measuring and Sustaining the Transformation 465 Chapter 13: Measuring the SRE Transformation 46713.1 Testing Transformation Hypotheses 46713.2 Outages Not Detected Internally 46913.3 Services Exhausting Error Budgets Prematurely 47013.4 Executives' Perceptions 47113.5 Reliability Perception by Users and Partners 47213.6 Summary 473 Chapter 14: Sustaining the SRE Movement 47514.1 Maturing the SRE CoP 47514.2 SRE Minutes 47514.3 Availability Newsletter 47614.4 SRE Column in the Engineering Blog 47714.5 Promote Long-Form SRE Wiki Articles 47714.6 SRE Broadcasting 47814.7 Combining SRE and CD Indicators 47914.8 SRE Feedback Loops 48314.9 New Hypotheses 48414.10 Providing Learning Opportunities 48614.11 Supporting SRE Coaches 48714.12 Summary 489 Chapter 15: The Road Ahead 49115.1 Service Catalog 49215.2 SLAs 49415.3 Regulatory Compliance 49415.4 SRE Infrastructure 49515.5 Game Days 496 Appendix: Topics for Quick Reference 499 Index 507

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Book SynopsisThe Edwardian period is often seen as something of a gilded age, war would imminently remove hundreds of thousands of men from the labour force, and instigate progress to mechanize. This book tells the story of farming in Britain in the early years of the twentieth century - an age of horse, steam and intensive labour.Table of ContentsIntroduction /The Victorian Legacy in Farming /Who Worked the Farms? /What the Farmer Grew: the Mixed Farm /Pastoral Farming /Dairy Farming /Horse Power, Manpower and Machines /Farming Fit for War? /Further Reading /Index

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Book SynopsisWith over two-thirds of the globe covered by water, the ability to navigate safely and quickly across the oceans has been crucial throughout human history. As seafarers attempted longer and longer voyages from the sixteenth century onwards in search of profit and new lands, the tools of navigation became ever more sophisticated. The development of instruments over the last five hundred years has seen some revolutionary changes, spurred on by the threat of disaster at sea and the possibility of huge rewards from successful voyages. As this book shows, the solution of the infamous longitude problem, the extraordinary impact of satellite positioning and other advances in navigation have successfully brought together seafarers, artisans and scientists in search of better ways of getting from A to B and back again.Table of ContentsGetting About on the Water / The Basic Tools / Going Further / The Longitude Found / The Age of Measurement / The Radio Revolution / Navigation in the Satellite Age / Further Reading / Index

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Book SynopsisWelding is a skill that any do-it-yourself enthusiast needs in his or her arsenal. How to Weld is the perfect introduction for newbies and an excellent refresher for veteran welders—a work so comprehensive that most readers won’t need any further instruction. In How to Weld, a bestselling installment in the Motorbooks Workshop series, AWS-certified welding instructor Todd Bridigum thoroughly describes process and art of fusing metals, including: Tools and equipment commonly used Types of metals and their weldability Welding techniques Shop and site safety Types of joints In addition, all popular types of welding variants are covered, including gas welding, shielded metal arc (or stick) welding, gas metal arc welding (MIG), gas tungsten arc welding (TIG), brazing, soldering,

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Book SynopsisGet your home projects up to code with BLACK+DECKER Codes for Homeowners 5th Edition, which includes all the most common standards for plumbing, electrical, mechanical, and construction work. Table of ContentsIntroduction Codes + Permits: The BasicsBUILDING DESIGN + SAFETY Habitable Rooms Fire Separations Stairways Emergency Escape Openings Egress Doors Exterior Doors Door + Window Hazards Ventilation + Exhaust Smoke + Carbon Monoxide AlarmsSTRUCTURAL COMPONENTS Foundations Crawl Spaces Decks Floor Systems Wall Systems Wall Penetration Flashing Roof SystemsEXTERIOR COMPONENTS Shingle Roof-Covering Installation Fireplaces + ChimneysHEATING + AIR CONDITIONING HVAC Appliances HVAC Duct Installation Combustion Air for Fuel-Burning Appliances Vents for Fuel-Burning AppliancesPLUMBING SYSTEM The Home Plumbing System Water Supply Piping Drain, Waste + Vent Piping (DWV) Plumbing Vents Plumbing Traps Plumbing Appliances + FixturesELECTRICAL SYSTEM Understanding Electrical Circuits Electrical Grounding + Bonding Electrical Branch Circuit Requirements Electrical Receptacle Installation Ground-Fault (GFCI) + Arc-Fault (AFCI) Protection Junction Boxes, Device Boxes + Enclosures Switch Installation Light Fixture Installation Satellite Dishes, Television + Radio Antennas Broadband Cable Wiring Appendix Measurement Conversions Resources Photo Credits Index

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Book SynopsisSince the publication of its Shingo Prize-winning predecessor, TWI programs have seen steady growth in usage. As a true understanding of Standard Work has developed, the need for the TWI skills as fundamental tools to achieve Lean objectives has been solidified.The TWI Workbook: Essential Skills for Supervisors, Second Edition has been completely updated to the latest terminology and practice. This edition includes revised forms and tools, as well as new examples that illustrate current day TWI practice. Emphasizing the importance of accident and injury prevention, this edition includes an entirely new section on Job Safety, a fourth TWI module that was developed in Japan using the identical TWI methodology of the original three programs introduced in the original work. This updated edition includes new chapters on: Four Steps of Job Safety: Preventing Accidents before They Happen Two Key Aspects to Safety: Things and People PractiTrade Review"As you probably know, Robert Wrona has been the primary driving force behind spreading the Training Within Industry (TWI) concepts in North America and around the globe for the past couple of decades, in conjunction with the TWI Institute. In Patrick Graupp you have, without a doubt, the finest TWI master instructor in the English language around the world. The first edition of their workbook was of tremendous value, and the latest version is even better. ... Spend time carefully thinking about the first principles and fundamental elements in this material, like Taiichi Ohno and others inside of Toyota did more than 60 years ago. The fundamentals have provided value to American companies before and after World War II. The concepts have provided decades of value to Toyota and other companies around the world as well. I am certain if you study the content and apply it diligently and patiently, you will find success as well."—From the Foreword by Art Smalley, President, Art of Lean, Inc. Table of ContentsTWI Fundamentals. Job Instruction. Job Methods. Job Relations. Job Safety.

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Book SynopsisPROSE AWARDS MEDIA ADN CULTURAL STUDIES FINALIST 2024The Gutenberg Parenthesis traces the epoch of print from its fateful beginnings to our digital present and draws out lessons for the age to come.The age of print is a grand exception in history. For five centuries it fostered what some call print culture a worldview shaped by the completeness, permanence, and authority of the printed word. As a technology, print at its birth was as disruptive as the digital migration of today. Now, as the internet ushers us past print culture, journalist Jeff Jarvis offers important lessons from the era we leave behind.To understand our transition out of the Gutenberg Age, Jarvis first examines the transition into it. Tracking Western industrialized print to its origins, he explores its invention, spread, and evolution, as well as the bureaucracy and censorship that followed. He also reveals how print gave rise to the idea of the mass mass media, mass markeTrade ReviewAn accomplished and detailed survey of life between the brackets. * Wall Street Journal *A refreshingly sanguine take. -- Houman Barekat * The Guardian *Provocative and fizzing with ideas. -- Alan Rusbridger * Prospect *The Gutenberg Parenthesis follows the development of printing and its impact on society right up to the present day … Jarvis’s tempo is … fast and compelling, sweeping the reader along from Gutenberg to the present digital predicament facing society. -- Richard Ovenden * Financial Times *Jeff Jarvis is the ideal guide for this fast-paced history of communication. Shrewd, witty and always generous to his fellow authors, this book is crammed with pointed observation and profound reflection on the present and future of information culture. As print transitions to the digital age, Jarvis explores the potentialities and dangers of unbridled access to information as a realist who sees a path to sanity as our media turbulence finds a new normal. * Andrew Pettegree, Wardlaw Professor of History, University of St. Andrews, UK *Puts a sharp focus on how journalism will evolve in the digital age. * It's All Journalism *Jeff Jarvis magisterially charts how the invention of printing shifted power from individuals and communities to experts and the undifferentiated 'masses,' and then brilliantly shows how the internet is reversing this half-millenium shift. Information in print became a controlled commodity with enforced scarcity that reinforced language and institutional borders and power. Initially extending the reach of thought, printing shaped that thought; the medium became the message, on steroids. Digital now makes possible and even insists upon richer, less controlled exchange of ideas, including fakes. What we need, Jarvis makes clear, is not censorship of our chaotic global conversation but clear goals, guardrails, and institutions to ensure inclusion, accuracy, and privacy. We are all facing this together, and are now all on notice to take up Jarvis' challenge. * Anthony Marx, President and CEO, New York Public Library *Jeff Jarvis’ The Gutenberg Parenthesis invites disenchanted media users to scour the history of print for lessons that may help us build a better future for media. No one has thought as nimbly as Jarvis about how communications shape societies, and his polemic gives hope for these disenchanted times. * Leah Price, Henry Rutgers Distinguished Professor of English, Rutgers University, USA *Table of ContentsPart I. THE GUTENBERG PARENTHESIS 1. The Parenthesis 2. Print’s Presumptions 3. Trepidation Part II. INSIDE THE PARENTHESIS 4. What Came Before 5. How to Print 6. Gutenberg 7. After the Bible 8. Print Spreads 9. The Troubles 10. Creation with Print 11. The Birth of the Newspaper 12. Print Evolves: Until 1800 13. Aesthetics of Print 14. Steam and the Mechanization of Print 15. Electricity and the Industrialization of Media 16. The Meaning of It All Part III. LEAVING THE PARENTHESIS 17. Conversation vs. Content 18. Death to the Mass 19. Creativity and Control 20. Institutional Revolutions Afterword: And What of the Book? Acknowledgements Notes Bibliography Index Colophon

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Book SynopsisRheology in Polymer Processing introduces the fundamentals of rheology and rheometry as the basis for modeling and computer-aided design in plastics processing. The logically structured content enables the reader to intelligently use the tools of computer-aided design and modeling of plastics processing, with correct interpretation of the results. The book presents difficult and complex issues of rheology and modeling in an accessible way, with particular emphasis on the practical engineering aspects. The software described in the book allows modeling all the important problems of plastics processing. Particular attention is paid to the extrusion process, which is fundamentally important as a processing technology in mass manufacture of plastic parts, and the basis of compounding processes (blending, filling, granulation, and reinforcement). This book is aimed equally at engineers, researchers, and scientists, as well as intermediate students, for whom it will serve as an ideal course book.Table of ContentsKrzysztof Wilczy?ski is Full Professor at the Faculty of Production Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland, and head of the Department of Plastics Processing. He holds a Ph.D. and a D.Sc. in Mechanical Engineering from the Warsaw University of Technology. He was a Fulbright Scholar at the University of Akron, and a visiting professor at the Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, as well as at the Kyushu Institute of Technology in Kitakyushu, Japan. He has published over 100 papers in peer-reviewed scientific journals and several books, focusing on his research interests of rheology and computer modeling for polymer processing.

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Book SynopsisFrom crayons to cough drops, cookies to candles, Beehive Alchemy offers a comprehensive introduction to incorporating the miracle of bees into everyday life.Beehive Alchemy is a continuation of Petra Ahnert's best-selling Beeswax Alchemy. With this new book, beekeepers (and bee lovers) will learn about the benefits and attributes of beeswax, honey, propolis, and more alongside a full range of projects and techniques to process and harness the amazing gifts of bees. Inside, you'll find instructions to make Ahnert's award-winning hand-dipped birthday candles, the classic French dessert canele bordelais, and much more, including:Alchemy for the Body Liquid soap with honey Beard balm Olive and honey lotion Alchemy of Light Taper candles Tea lights Pillars Alchemy for the Home Furniture polish Waxed cotton food wraps Woodcutter incense Alchemy in the Studio Beeswax crayons Encaustic Batik Alchemy in the Kitchen Cookies and candies Beverages Fermentations Whether you keep bees or just love them, Beehive Alchemy will become your go-to comprehensive guide for hive-to-home creations.

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Book SynopsisThis indispensable beekeeping reference—packed with helpful diagrams, color photos, and easy-to-follow yet thorough instruction—gently guides you through setting up and caring for your first colonies. Are you an absolute beginner when it comes to keeping bees? With First Time Beekeeping, help is at hand. Featuring the sage advice of Bee Culture editor emeritus and best-selling author of The Backyard Beekeeper Kim Flottum, this is your step-by-step guide to healthy, happy, and productive hives. This complete resource features expert beginner advice for: Setting up and caring for your own colonies Selecting the best location to place your new bee colonies for their safety and yours The most practical and nontoxic ways to care for your bees Harvesting the products of a beehive and collecting and using honey Bee problems and treatments By following this advice, your colony or two of honey bees can pollinate the vegetables in your garden; produce wonderful honey and other beneficial products; and help your local ecosystem thrive. What could be sweeter? Each book in the First Time series distills how-to guidance and advice from an expert on a specific topic into targeted step-by-step instruction geared toward the absolute beginner.Table of ContentsPREFACE INTRODUCTION 1 STARTING RIGHT GETTING STARTED BEEYARDS OTHER THAN BACKYARDS EQUIPMENT: TOOLS OF THE TRADE THE BEES 2 ABOUT BEES THE QUEEN THE WORKERS FORAGERS DRONES 3 ABOUT BEEKEEPING LIGHTING YOUR SMOKER PACKAGE MANAGEMENT KEEPING RECORDS OPENING A COLONY INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT MALADIES COMB HONEY AND CUT-COMB HONEY SUMMERTIME CHORES LATE SUMMER HARVEST FALL AND WINTER MANAGEMENT EARLY SPRING INSPECTIONS RESOURCES ABOUT THE AUTHOR ACKNOWLEDGMENTS PHOTOGRAPHER CREDITS INDEX

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Book SynopsisA fresh, research-based look at how companies can better compete, on their own terms, with tech giants—from a Harvard Business School professor and a former Bloomberg journalist.Companies are fighting the wrong battle. The consensus has been to learn the best practices from tech giants and then imitate them. But new paths for growth aren''t created by imitation; they''re forged by radical differentiation.In Smart Rivals, Harvard Business School professor Feng Zhu and former Bloomberg journalist Bonnie Yining Cao show business leaders how to create competitive advantages by offering product features and benefits that tech giants and other competitors cannot match in the digital/AI age.Taking readers on a global journey, Zhu and Cao showcase a variety of companies—including Domino''s, Nike, and Sephora—and fascinating case studies, such as Belle, the leading women''s footwear retailer in China; EbonyLife, Nigeria''s top media

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Book SynopsisIn this long-awaited reprint - first published in 1967 - the late George Daniels, a master watchmaker of the twentieth century, documents the important contribution made by England and America in the development of the pocket watch from the earliest times to late 1960s America. Daniels tells of the sequence of technical developments that led to the production of electric and electronic watches. It is a fascinating story for all who appreciate not only a watch's technical niceties but also the intrinsic beauty with which devoted craftsmen endowed it. Mr Daniels' concise, learned account, which places each phase of the story in its true perspective, will be found indispensable both by collectors and by those new to the history of watchmaking. Over a hundred photographs together with a series of clear line drawings, emphasise the watchmakers' achievement in marrying pure function and beauty, and at the same time illustrate the changes in movements that accompanied progress in external a

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Book SynopsisA cutting-edge survey of industrial techniques available for use by designer-makers, including a downloadable design to modify and print and guidance on how to brief a bureau service. This book showcases ground-breaking methods and techniques that have been adapted from industry and are now being applied by designer-makers. To the uninitiated, these technologies may seem complex, but this book explains simply and clearly how they have developed, how they work, and their application. Packed full with case studies of artists using these processes, this book demonstrates that outstanding work is possible with the right equipment and know-how, and argues that designer makers have the mindset, skills and knowledge to creatively engage with these industrial technologies. Learn about 2D and 3D digital designing and modelling (including CAD and processing), 3D printing (additive manufacture), reverse engineering (scanning and digitising), CNC machining, laser and waterjet cutting. Featuring a breathtaking selection of work by contemporary makers - many of them early adopters of these technologies – this book illustrates the exciting potential of these tools to add value to your practice, as well as inspiring and extending your range of work.Trade ReviewThe future is here; this is very much part of it – if you want it. When entering this brave new world of digitizing, it’s good to know Ann Marie Shillito has done a vast amount of the research for you and summarized it in a non-intimidating manner that is nevertheless detailed. * Textile Fibre Forum *Table of Contents1. Introduction 2. Craft-Minded 3. Virtual for Tangible 4. Applying 2D Digital Data 5. Applying 3D Digital Data 6. Accessing Digital Technologies Biographies Glossary Resources Further Reading Index

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Book SynopsisOmlet's easy-to-clean, safe and stylish Eglu chicken houses became an instant design icon when they were launched in 2004. Omlet quickly became most popular brand among chicken keepers, appealing to a new generation of people wanting to keep chickens as pets in their back gardens. This complete guide covers everything a novice chicken keeper needs to know, and reimagines the way you live with and look after your chickens. From helping you select the right variety of chicken to buy and setting up your coop, through to training them, rearing chicks and even showing them at events, this really is a one-stop guide to becoming a confident and expert owner. As well as background history on the chicken, there is a wealth of information on eggs and delicious recipes for cooking your eggs perfectly. Questions posed by Omlet's chicken-keeping customers are all answered here, with special emphasis on how to look after your chickens, dealing with common pests and diseases, and a year round planner to help you keep on top of the little maintenance jobs. With advice on practical matters such as runs and coops, to what and how to feed your chickens for maximum fowl fitness, this eggcellent guide from Omlet aims to ensure you have the happiest chickens on the planet.

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Book SynopsisThis book discusses the key problems and solutions with various applicable approaches to combat antibiotic-resistant genes in industrial waste water. Several genes are selected within the chapters to illustrate the past and future roles of molecular ecophysiology and genomics in the development of wastewater microbiology as an important subdiscipline of microbial ecology. As we have very limited knowledge of composition, dynamics and stability of microbial communities, various processes in wastewater treatment have been generally considered to be "black box." In recent years, with the development of several new high throughput sequencing platforms, metagenome sequencing strategies and bioinformatics toolboxes, the analysis of the genome of complex communities has become much more accessible and means easier.The opening of the biological wastewater treatment “black box” is not the unpleasant experience it was before. The viable, but not cultural, ceases to be the inconsequential, uncharacterizable enigma that existed today. Metagenomics leads the way for more specific studies in related fields. Finally, genomic studies of wastewater treatment microbes, in addition to their biotechnological applications, are also an excellent testing ground for variety of other ecological and environmental burns questions. Wastewater treatment plants are considered hotspots for the environmental dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant determinants. Comparative genomics of antibiotic resistant genes isolated from conventional activated sludge and biological aerated filter wastewater treatment plants is discussed.Table of Contents​Characterization methods for microbial communities present in contaminated soilsAntibiotic Resistance Genes as contaminants in Industrial Waste Water TreatmentBacteriophages: A strategy to combat antibiotic resistance in waste water treatment plantsThe emergence of Waste Water Treatment Plant as a leading source for dissemination of Antibiotic-Resistant GeneIncreasing Prevalence of Antibiotic-resistant genes in industrial wastewater: impact on public healthAntibiotic resistance genes as emerging contaminants in industrial waste water treatmentCharacterization and Dynamic Shift of Microbial Communities in wastewater treatment plant

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Book SynopsisNatural Flavours, Fragrances, and Perfumes Explore this one-stop resource on every relevant aspect of natural flavors and fragrances The use of sensory science has the potential to give scientists, researchers, and industry specialists a way to overcome the challenges in nutraceuticals and, more generally, in the functional food industry. Flavor and fragrance have the potential to significantly influence consumer satisfaction with products and its success in the marketplace. In order to effectively produce and optimize a customer’s experience in both food and household products, it is essential to have a strong understanding of the fundamentals of chemistry and physicochemical processes. Natural Flavours, Fragrances and Perfumes offers a comprehensive look at the sensory sciences necessary to produce the most appealing olfactory responses derived from natural resources for consumers – from the analysis and biomolecular aspects of natural products to the processing and isolation of desired products, from the perceptual properties to regulatory aspects. Specifically, the book presents novel approaches to the processes involved in producing plant-derived functional products by examining how characteristic flavors arise due to complex interactions between hundreds of molecules, as well as studying the physiological variables that affect flavor perception. Natural Flavours, Fragrances, and Perfumes readers will also find: Insights into the identification and characterization of plant volatiles, as well as chromatography techniques for sensory fingerprints Chapters devoted to biosynthesis and metabolic pathways for the development of household products composed of organic materials Additional chapters on the advances in flavor science, on technological advances in the effective delivery of flavor, and challenges in the retention and release of flavor Natural Flavours, Fragrances, and Perfumes is a useful reference for chemists of all kinds, food scientists, biotechnologists, and perfumers, as well as those studying in these fields.Table of ContentsChapter 1 - Natural Product diversity and its biomolecular aspects Chapter 2 - Sensory science and its perceptual properties Chapter 3 - Flavor technology and flavor delivery systems Chapter 4 - Identification and comprehensive characterization of plant volatiles Chapter 5 - Multidimensional chromatography techniques for sensory fingerprints Chapter 6 - Flavor signatures of beverages and confectionaries Chapter 7 - Molecular complexities in aroma chemistry and perfumes Chapter 8 - Recent advances in the processing of aromatic plants Chapter 9 - Biogenesis of plant derived aroma compounds Chapter 10 - A Sense of design: Pathway unravelling and rational metabolic-flow switching for the production of novel materials Chapter 11 - The Resinoids: Their chemistry and uses Chapter 12 - Seasonings, herbs and spices Chapter 13 - Flavor biochemistry of fermented alcoholic beverages Chapter 14 - Regulatory aspects for flavor and fragrance materials Chapter 15 - Challenges of sensory science: retention and release Chapter 16 - Virtual screening: an insilico approach to aroma compounds Chapter 17 - Endpoint: A sensory perception of the future

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Book SynopsisAdvanced Chemical Process Control Bridge the gap between theory and practice with this accessible guide Process control is an area of study which seeks to optimize industrial processes, applying different strategies and technologies as required to navigate the variety of processes and their many potential challenges. Though the body of chemical process control theory is robust, it is only in recent decades that it has been effectively integrated with industrial practice to form a flexible toolkit. The need for a guide to this integration of theory and practice has therefore never been more urgent. Advanced Chemical Process Control meets this need, making advanced chemical process control accessible and useful to chemical engineers with little grounding in the theoretical principles of the subject. It provides a basic introduction to the background and mathematics of control theory, before turning to the implementation of control principles in industrial contexts. The result is a bridge between the insights of control theory and the needs of engineers in plants, factories, research facilities, and beyond. Advanced Chemical Process Control readers will also find: Detailed overview of Control Performance Monitoring (CPM), Model Predictive Control (MPC), and more Discussion of the cost benefit analysis of improved control in particular jobs Authored by a leading international expert on chemical process control Advanced Chemical Process Control is essential for chemical and process engineers looking to develop a working knowledge of process control, as well as for students and graduates entering the chemical process control field.Table of ContentsPreface xvii Acknowledgments xxi Acronyms xxiii Introduction xxv1 Mathematical and Control Theory Background 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Models for Dynamical Systems 1 1.2.1 Dynamical Systems in Continuous Time 1 1.2.2 Dynamical Systems in Discrete Time 2 1.2.3 Linear Models and Linearization 3 1.2.3.1 Linearization at a Given Point 3 1.2.3.2 Linearizing Around a Trajectory 6 1.2.4 Converting Between Continuous- and Discrete-Time Models 6 1.2.4.1 Time Delay in the Manipulated Variables 7 1.2.4.2 Time Delay in the Measurements 9 1.2.5 Laplace Transform 9 1.2.6 The z Transform 10 1.2.7 Similarity Transformations 11 1.2.8 Minimal Representation 11 1.2.9 Scaling 14 1.3 Analyzing Linear Dynamical Systems 15 1.3.1 Transfer Functions of Composite Systems 15 1.3.1.1 Series Interconnection 15 1.3.1.2 Parallel Systems 16 1.3.1.3 Feedback Connection 16 1.3.1.4 Commonly Used Closed-Loop Transfer Functions 17 1.3.1.5 The Push-Through Rule 17 1.4 Poles and Zeros of Transfer Functions 18 1.4.1 Poles of Multivariable Systems 19 1.4.2 Pole Directions 19 1.4.3 Zeros of Multivariable Systems 20 1.4.4 Zero Directions 22 1.5 Stability 23 1.5.1 Poles and Zeros of Discrete-Time Transfer Functions 23 1.5.2 Frequency Analysis 24 1.5.2.1 Steady-State Phase Adjustment 26 1.5.3 Bode Diagrams 27 1.5.3.1 Bode Diagram Asymptotes 27 1.5.3.2 Minimum Phase Systems 29 1.5.3.3 Frequency Analysis for Discrete-Time Systems 30 1.5.4 Assessing Closed-Loop Stability Using the Open-Loop Frequency Response 31 1.5.4.1 The Principle of the Argument and the Nyquist D-Contour 31 1.5.4.2 The Multivariable Nyquist Theorem 32 1.5.4.3 The Monovariable Nyquist Theorem 32 1.5.4.4 The Bode Stability Criterion 32 1.5.4.5 Some Remarks on Stability Analysis Using the Frequency Response 35 1.5.4.6 The Small Gain Theorem 36 1.5.5 Controllability 37 1.5.6 Observability 38 1.5.7 Some Comments on Controllability and Observability 39 1.5.8 Stabilizability 40 1.5.9 Detectability 40 1.5.10 Hidden Modes 41 1.5.11 Internal Stability 41 1.5.12 Coprime Factorizations 43 1.5.12.1 Inner–Outer Factorization 44 1.5.12.2 Normalized Coprime Factorization 44 1.5.13 Parametrization of All Stabilizing Controllers 44 1.5.13.1 Stable Plants 45 1.5.13.2 Unstable Plants 45 1.5.14 Hankel Norm and Hankel Singular Values 46 Problems 47 References 49 2 Control Configuration and Controller Tuning 51 2.1 Common Control Loop Structures for the Regulatory Control Layer 51 2.1.1 Simple Feedback Loop 51 2.1.2 Feedforward Control 51 2.1.3 Ratio Control 54 2.1.4 Cascade Control 54 2.1.5 Auctioneering Control 55 2.1.6 Split Range Control 56 2.1.7 Input Resetting Control 57 2.1.8 Selective Control 59 2.1.9 Combining Basic Single-Loop Control Structures 60 2.1.10 Decoupling 61 2.2 Input and Output Selection 62 2.2.1 Using Physical Insights 63 2.2.2 Gramian-Based Input and Output Selection 64 2.2.3 Input/Output Selection for Stabilization 65 2.3 Control Configuration 66 2.3.1 The Relative Gain Array 66 2.3.2 The RGA as a General Analysis Tool 68 2.3.2.1 The RGA and Zeros in the Right Half-Plane 68 2.3.2.2 The RGA and the Optimally Scaled Condition Number 68 2.3.2.3 The RGA and Individual Element Uncertainty 69 2.3.2.4 RGA and Diagonal Input Uncertainty 69 2.3.2.5 The RGA as an Interaction Measure 70 2.3.3 The RGA and Stability 70 2.3.3.1 The RGA and Pairing of Controlled and Manipulated Variables 71 2.3.4 Summary of RGA-Based Input–Output Pairing 72 2.3.5 Partial Relative Gains 72 2.3.6 The Niederlinski Index 73 2.3.7 The Rijnsdorp Interaction Measure 73 2.3.8 Gramian-Based Input–Output Pairing 74 2.3.8.1 The Participation Matrix 75 2.3.8.2 The Hankel Interaction Index Array 75 2.3.8.3 Accounting for the Closed-Loop Bandwidth 76 2.4 Tuning of Decentralized Controllers 76 2.4.1 Introduction 76 2.4.2 Loop Shaping Basics 77 2.4.3 Tuning of Single-Loop Controllers 79 2.4.3.1 PID Controller Realizations and Common Modifications 79 2.4.3.2 Controller Tuning Using Frequency Analysis 81 2.4.3.3 Ziegler–Nichols Closed-Loop Tuning Method 86 2.4.3.4 Simple Fitting of a Step Response Model 86 2.4.3.5 Ziegler–Nichols Open-Loop Tuning 88 2.4.3.6 IMC-PID Tuning 88 2.4.3.7 Simple IMC Tuning 89 2.4.3.8 The Setpoint Overshoot Method 91 2.4.3.9 Autotuning 95 2.4.3.10 When Should Derivative Action Be Used? 95 2.4.3.11 Effects of Internal Controller Scaling 96 2.4.3.12 Reverse Acting Controllers 97 2.4.4 Gain Scheduling 97 2.4.5 Surge Attenuating Controllers 98 2.4.6 Multiloop Controller Tuning 99 2.4.6.1 Independent Design 100 2.4.6.2 Sequential Design 102 2.4.6.3 Simultaneous Design 103 2.4.7 Tools for Multivariable Loop-Shaping 103 2.4.7.1 The Performance Relative Gain Array 103 2.4.7.2 The Closed-Loop Disturbance Gain 104 2.4.7.3 Illustrating the Use of CLDG’s for Controller Tuning 104 2.4.7.4 Unachievable Loop Gain Requirements 107 Problems 108 References 112 3 Control Structure Selection and Plantwide Control 115 3.1 General Approach and Problem Decomposition 115 3.1.1 Top-Down Analysis 115 3.1.1.1 Defining and Exploring Optimal Operation 115 3.1.1.2 Determining Where to Set the Throughput 116 3.1.2 Bottom-Up Design 116 3.2 Regulatory Control 117 3.2.1 Example: Regulatory Control of Liquid Level in a Deaeration Tower 118 3.3 Determining Degrees of Freedom 121 3.4 Selection of Controlled Variables 122 3.4.1 Problem Formulation 123 3.4.2 Selecting Controlled Variables by Direct Evaluation of Loss 124 3.4.3 Controlled Variable Selection Based on Local Analysis 125 3.4.3.1 The Minimum Singular Value Rule 127 3.4.3.2 Desirable Characteristics of the Controlled Variables 128 3.4.4 An Exact Local Method for Controlled Variable Selection 128 3.4.5 Measurement Combinations as Controlled Variables 130 3.4.5.1 The Nullspace Method for Selecting Controlled Variables 130 3.4.5.2 Extending the Nullspace Method to Account for Implementation Error 130 3.4.6 The Validity of the Local Analysis for Controlled Variable Selection 131 3.5 Selection of Manipulated Variables 132 3.5.1 Verifying that the Proposed Manipulated Variables Make Acceptable Control Possible 133 3.5.2 Reviewing the Characteristics of the Proposed Manipulated Variables 134 3.6 Selection of Measurements 135 3.7 Mass Balance Control and Throughput Manipulation 136 3.7.1 Consistency of Inventory Control 138 Problems 140 References 141 4 Limitations on Achievable Performance 143 4.1 Performance Measures 143 4.1.1 Time-Domain Performance Measures 143 4.1.2 Frequency-Domain Performance Measures 145 4.1.2.1 Bandwidth Frequency 145 4.1.2.2 Peaks of Closed-Loop Transfer Functions 146 4.1.2.3 Bounds on Weighted System Norms 146 4.1.2.4 Gain and Phase Margin 147 4.2 Algebraic Limitations 148 4.2.1 S + T = I 148 4.2.2 Interpolation Constraints 148 4.2.2.1 Monovariable Systems 148 4.2.2.2 Multivariable Systems 149 4.3 Control Performance in Different Frequency Ranges 149 4.3.1 Sensitivity Integrals and Right Half-Plane Zeros 149 4.3.1.1 Multivariable Systems 150 4.3.2 Sensitivity Integrals and Right Half-Plane Poles 150 4.3.3 Combined Effects of RHP Poles and Zeros 150 4.3.4 Implications of the Sensitivity Integral Results 150 4.4 Bounds on Closed-Loop Transfer Functions 151 4.4.1 The Maximum Modulus Principle 152 4.4.1.1 The Maximum Modulus Principle 152 4.4.2 Minimum Phase and Stable Versions of the Plant 152 4.4.3 Bounds on S and T 153 4.4.3.1 Monovariable Systems 153 4.4.3.2 Multivariable Systems 153 4.4.4 Bounds on KS and KSG d 154 4.5 ISE Optimal Control 156 4.6 Bandwidth and Crossover Frequency Limitations 156 4.6.1 Bounds from ISE Optimal Control 156 4.6.2 Bandwidth Bounds from Weighted Sensitivity Minimization 157 4.6.3 Bound from Negative Phase 158 4.7 Bounds on the Step Response 158 4.8 Bounds for Disturbance Rejection 160 4.8.1 Inputs for Perfect Control 161 4.8.2 Inputs for Acceptable Control 161 4.8.3 Disturbances and RHP Zeros 161 4.8.4 Disturbances and Stabilization 162 4.9 Limitations from Plant Uncertainty 164 4.9.1 Describing Uncertainty 165 4.9.2 Feedforward Control and the Effects of Uncertainty 166 4.9.3 Feedback and the Effects of Uncertainty 167 4.9.4 Bandwidth Limitations from Uncertainty 168 Problems 168 References 170 5 Model-Based Predictive Control 173 5.1 Introduction 173 5.2 Formulation of a QP Problem for MPC 175 5.2.1 Future States as Optimization Variables 179 5.2.2 Using the Model Equation to Substitute for the Plant States 180 5.2.3 Optimizing Deviations from Linear State Feedback 181 5.2.4 Constraints Beyond the End of the Prediction Horizon 182 5.2.5 Finding the Terminal Constraint Set 183 5.2.6 Feasible Region and Prediction Horizon 184 5.3 Step-Response Models 185 5.4 Updating the Process Model 186 5.4.1 Bias Update 186 5.4.2 Kalman Filter and Extended Kalman Filters 187 5.4.2.1 Augmenting a Disturbance Description 188 5.4.2.2 The Extended Kalman Filter 189 5.4.2.3 The Iterated Extended Kalman Filter 189 5.4.3 Unscented Kalman Filter 190 5.4.4 Receding Horizon Estimation 193 5.4.4.1 The Arrival Cost 195 5.4.4.2 The Filtering Formulation of RHE 196 5.4.4.3 The Smoothing Formulation of RHE 196 5.4.5 Concluding Comments on State Estimation 198 5.5 Disturbance Handling and Offset-Free Control 199 5.5.1 Feedforward from Measured Disturbances 199 5.5.2 Requirements for Offset-Free Control 199 5.5.3 Disturbance Estimation and Offset-Free Control 200 5.5.4 Augmenting the Model with Integrators at the Plant Input 203 5.5.5 Augmenting the Model with Integrators at the Plant Output 205 5.5.6 MPC and Integrator Resetting 208 5.6 Feasibility and Constraint Handling 210 5.7 Closed-Loop Stability with MPC Controllers 212 5.8 Target Calculation 213 5.9 Speeding up MPC Calculations 217 5.9.1 Warm-Starting the Optimization 218 5.9.2 Input Blocking 219 5.9.3 Enlarging the Terminal Region 220 5.10 Robustness of MPC Controllers 222 5.11 Using Rigorous Process Models in MPC 225 5.12 Misconceptions, Clarifications, and Challenges 226 5.12.1 Misconceptions 226 5.12.1.1 MPC Is Not Good for Performance 226 5.12.1.2 MPC Requires Very Accurate Models 227 5.12.1.3 MPC Cannot Prioritize Input Usage or Constraint Violations 227 5.12.2 Challenges 227 5.12.2.1 Obtaining a Plant Model 228 5.12.2.2 Maintenance 228 5.12.2.3 Capturing the Desired Behavior in the MPC Design 228 Problems 228 References 231 6 Some Practical Issues in Controller Implementation 233 6.1 Discrete-Time Implementation 233 6.1.1 Aliasing 233 6.1.2 Sampling Interval 233 6.1.3 Execution Order 235 6.2 Pure Integrators in Parallel 235 6.3 Anti-Windup 236 6.3.1 Simple PI Control Anti-Windup 237 6.3.2 Velocity Form of PI Controllers 237 6.3.3 Anti-Windup in Cascaded Control Systems 238 6.3.4 A General Anti-Windup Formulation 239 6.3.5 Hanus’ Self-Conditioned Form 240 6.3.6 Anti-Windup in Observer-Based Controllers 241 6.3.7 Decoupling and Input Constraints 243 6.3.8 Anti-Windup for “Normally Closed” Controllers 244 6.4 Bumpless Transfer 245 6.4.1 Switching Between Manual and Automatic Operation 245 6.4.2 Changing Controller Parameters 246 Problems 246 References 247 7 Controller Performance Monitoring and Diagnosis 249 7.1 Introduction 249 7.2 Detection of Oscillating Control Loops 251 7.2.1 The Autocorrelation Function 251 7.2.2 The Power Spectrum 252 7.2.3 The Method of Miao and Seborg 252 7.2.4 The Method of Hägglund 253 7.2.5 The Regularity Index 254 7.2.6 The Method of Forsman and Stattin 255 7.2.7 Prefiltering Data 255 7.3 Oscillation Diagnosis 256 7.3.1 Manual Oscillation Diagnosis 256 7.3.2 Detecting and Diagnosing Valve Stiction 257 7.3.2.1 Using the Cross-Correlation Function to Detect Valve Stiction 257 7.3.2.2 Histograms for Detecting Valve Stiction 258 7.3.2.3 Stiction Detection Using an OP–PV Plot 260 7.3.3 Stiction Compensation 262 7.3.4 Detection of Backlash 263 7.3.5 Backlash Compensation 264 7.3.6 Simultaneous Stiction and Backlash Detection 265 7.3.7 Discriminating Between External and Internally Generated Oscillations 266 7.3.8 Detecting and Diagnosing Other Nonlinearities 266 7.4 Plantwide Oscillations 269 7.4.1 Grouping Oscillating Variables 269 7.4.1.1 Spectral Principal Component Analysis 269 7.4.1.2 Visual Inspection Using High-Density Plots 269 7.4.1.3 Power Spectral Correlation Maps 270 7.4.1.4 The Spectral Envelope Method 271 7.4.1.5 Methods Based on Adaptive Data Analysis 272 7.4.2 Locating the Cause for Distributed Oscillations 273 7.4.2.1 Using Nonlinearity for Root Cause Location 273 7.4.2.2 The Oscillation Contribution Index 273 7.4.2.3 Estimating the Propagation Path for Disturbances 274 7.5 Control Loop Performance Monitoring 278 7.5.1 The Harris Index 278 7.5.2 Obtaining the Impulse Response Model 279 7.5.3 Calculating the Harris Index 280 7.5.4 Estimating the Deadtime 281 7.5.5 Modifications to the Harris Index 282 7.5.6 Assessing Feedforward Control 283 7.5.7 Comments on the Use of the Harris Index 285 7.5.8 Performance Monitoring for PI Controllers 286 7.6 Multivariable Control Performance Monitoring 287 7.6.1 Assessing Feedforward Control in Multivariable Control 287 7.6.2 Performance Monitoring for MPC Controllers 288 7.7 Some Issues in the Implementation of Control Performance Monitoring 290 7.8 Discussion 290 Problems 291 References 291 8 Economic Control Benefit Assessment 297 8.1 Optimal Operation and Operational Constraints 297 8.2 Economic Performance Functions 298 8.3 Expected Economic Benefit 299 8.4 Estimating Achievable Variance Reduction 300 8.5 Worst-Case Backoff Calculation 300 References 301 A Fourier–Motzkin Elimination 303 B Removal of Redundant Constraints 307 Reference 308 C The Singular Value Decomposition 309 D Factorization of Transfer Functions into Minimum Phase Stable and All-Pass Parts 311 D. 1 Input Factorization of RHP Zeros 312 D. 2 Output Factorization of RHP Zeros 312 D. 3 Output Factorization of RHP Poles 313 D. 4 Input Factorization of RHP Poles 313 D. 5 SISO Systems 314 D. 6 Factoring Out Both RHP Poles and RHP Zeros 314 Reference 314 E Models Used in Examples 315 E.1 Binary Distillation Column Model 315 E.2 Fluid Catalytic Cracker Model 318 References 320 Index 321

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Book SynopsisMathematica for Physicists and Engineers Hands-on textbook for learning how to use Mathematica to solve real-life problems in physics and engineering Mathematica for Physicists and Engineers provides the basic concepts of Mathematica for scientists and engineers, highlights Mathematica’s several built-in functions, demonstrates mathematical concepts that can be employed to solve problems in physics and engineering, and addresses problems in basic arithmetic to more advanced topics such as quantum mechanics. The text views mathematics and physics through the eye of computer programming, fulfilling the needs of students at master’s levels and researchers from a physics and engineering background and bridging the gap between the elementary books written on Mathematica and the reference books written for advanced users. Mathematica for Physicists and Engineers contains information on: Basics to Mathematica, its nomenclature and programming language, and possibilities for graphic output Vector calculus, solving real, complex and matrix equations and systems of equations, and solving quantum mechanical problems in infinite-dimensional linear vector spaces Differential and integral calculus in one and more dimensions and the powerful but elusive Dirac Delta function Fourier and Laplace transform, two integral transformations that are instrumental in many fields of physics and engineering for the solution of ordinary and partial differential equations Serving as a complete first course in Mathematica to solve problems in science and engineering, Mathematica for Physicists and Engineers is an essential learning resource for students in physics and engineering, master’s students in material sciences, geology, biological sciences theoretical chemists. Also lecturers in these and related subjects will benefit from the book.Table of ContentsPreface xiii Foreword xvii About the Authors xix 1 Preliminary Notions 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Versions of Mathematica 1 1.3 Getting Started 2 1.4 Simple Calculations 2 1.4.1 Arithmetic Operations 2 1.4.2 Approximate Numerical Results 3 1.4.3 Algebraic Calculations 3 1.4.4 Defining Variables 4 1.4.5 Using the Previous Results 5 1.4.6 Suppressing the Output 6 1.4.7 Sequences of Operations 6 1.5 Built-in Functions 7 1.6 Additional Features 9 1.6.1 Arbitrary-Precision Calculations 9 1.6.2 Value for Symbols 10 1.6.3 Defining Naming and Evaluating Functions 10 1.6.4 Composition of Functions 11 1.6.5 Conditional Assignment 12 1.6.6 Warnings and Messages 13 1.6.7 Interrupting Calculations 13 1.6.8 Using Symbols to Tag Objects 13 2 Basic Mathematical Operations 15 2.1 Introduction 15 2.2 Basic Algebraic Operations 15 2.3 Basic Trigonometric Operations 20 2.4 Basic Operations with Complex Numbers 21 3 Lists and Tables 25 3.1 Introduction 25 3.2 Lists 25 3.3 Arrays 26 3.4 Tables 26 3.5 Extracting the Elements from the Arrays/Tables 29 4 Two-Dimensional Graphics 31 4.1 Introduction 31 4.2 Plotting Functions of a Single Variable 31 4.3 Additional Commands 34 4.4 Plot Styles 44 4.5 Probability Distribution 58 4.5.1 Binomial Distribution 58 4.5.2 Poisson Distribution 58 4.5.3 Normal or Gaussian Distribution 59 4.6 Some More Useful Commands 61 5 Parametric, Polar, Contour, Density, and List Plots 65 5.1 Introduction 65 5.2 Parametric Plotting 65 5.3 Polar Plots 72 5.3.1 Polar Plots of Circles 72 5.3.2 Polar Plots of Ellipse, Parabola, and Hyperbola 72 5.4 Implicit Plot 80 5.5 Contour Plots 81 5.6 Density Plot 85 5.7 ListPlot and ListLinePlot 85 5.8 LogPlot, LogLogPlot, ErrorListPlot 88 5.9 Least Square Fit 89 5.10 Plotting of Complex Numbers 92 6 Three-Dimensional Graphics 97 6.1 Introduction 97 6.2 Plotting Function of Two Variables 97 6.3 Parametric Plots 101 6.4 3D Plots in Cylindrical and Spherical Coordinates 102 6.5 ContourPlot3D 105 6.6 ListContourPlot3D 108 6.7 ListSurfacePlot3D 110 6.8 Surface of Revolution 112 6.9 Conicoids 114 7 Matrices 123 7.1 Introduction 123 7.2 Properties of Matrices 123 7.2.1 Matrix Multiplication 123 7.3 Types of Matrices 123 7.4 The Rank of the Matrix 124 7.5 Special Matrices 124 7.6 Creation of a Matrix and Matrix Operations 125 7.6.1 Extraction of the Submatrices or the Elements of the Matrices 126 7.7 Properties of the Special Matrices 133 7.8 Direct Sum of Matrices 137 7.9 Direct Product of Matrices 137 7.10 Examples from Group Theory 138 7.10.1 SO(3) Group 138 7.10.2 SU(n)Group 139 7.10.3 SU(2) Group 140 7.10.4 SU(3) Group 141 8 Solving Algebraic and Transcendental Equations 143 8.1 Introduction 143 8.2 Solving System of Linear Equations 143 8.2.1 Number of Equations Equal to Number of Unknowns 144 8.2.2 Number of Equations Less than the Number of Unknowns 146 8.2.3 Number of Equations More than Number of Unknowns 146 8.3 Nonlinear Algebraic Equations 147 8.4 Solving Complex Equations 149 8.5 Solving Transcendental Equations 153 9 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors of a Matrix 161 9.1 Introduction 161 9.2 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors 161 9.2.1 Distinct Eigenvalues Having Independent Eigenvectors 162 9.2.2 Multiple Eigenvalues Having Independent Eigenvectors 163 9.2.3 Multiple Eigenvalues Not Having Independent Eigenvectors 165 9.3 Cayley–Hamilton Theorem 166 9.4 Diagonalization of a Matrix 167 9.4.1 Gram–Schmidt Orthogonalization Method 167 9.4.2 Diagonalizability of a Matrix 169 9.4.3 Case of a Non-diagonalizable Matrix 170 9.5 Some More Properties of the Special Matrices 172 9.6 Power of a Matrix 173 9.6.1 Roots of a Matrix 174 9.6.2 Exponential of a Matrix 174 9.6.3 Logarithm of a Matrix 174 9.6.4 Matrix Power Series 174 9.7 Power of a Matrix by Diagonalization 174 9.8 Bilinear, Quadratic, and Hermitian Forms 177 9.9 Principal Axes Transformation 178 10 Differential Calculus 183 10.1 Introduction 183 10.2 Limits 183 10.2.1 Evaluation of the Limits Using L’Hospital’s Rule 184 10.2.2 Application of L’Hospital’s Rule for the “Indeterminate Form” ∞ 185 ∞ 10.2.3 Evaluation of the Limit Using Taylor’s Theorem of Mean 186 10.3 Differentiation 188 10.3.1 Computation of Partial Derivatives 191 10.3.2 Total Derivative 193 10.4 Derivatives of Functions in Parametric Forms 195 10.4.1 Chain Rule for a Function of Two Independent Variables 196 10.4.2 Chain Rule for a Function of Three Independent Variables 196 10.5 Rolle’s Theorem 198 10.6 Mean Value Theorem 198 10.7 Series 200 10.8 Maxima and Minima 209 10.8.1 First Derivative Test 210 10.8.2 Second Derivative Test 211 10.8.3 Maximum and Minimum Values of a Function in a Closed Interval 213 10.8.4 Maxima and Minima of Two Variables 218 10.9 Differential Equations 222 10.9.1 Simple Harmonic Oscillator 225 10.9.2 LCR Circuit – Discharging of a Condenser Through an LR Circuit 227 11 Integral Calculus 235 11.1 Introduction 235 11.1.1 Indefinite Integral 235 11.1.2 Definite Integral 235 11.1.3 Numerical Value of the Integral 235 11.1.4 Assumptions While Evaluating the Integral 236 11.1.5 Multiple Integrals 236 11.1.6 Triple Integral 236 11.2 Evaluation of Indefinite Integrals 236 11.3 Evaluation of Definite Integrals 238 11.3.1 Numerical Value of the Integral 238 11.3.2 Options for Integration 239 11.4 Two and Three-Dimensional Integrals 240 11.5 Evaluation of the Integral in Polar Coordinates 242 11.6 Evaluation of Special Integrals 242 11.7 Orthogonal Polynomials 248 11.8 Area Between Curves 252 11.9 Application of Green’s Theorem in a Plane 256 11.10 Area of Surfaces of Revolution 257 12 Dirac Delta Function 263 12.1 Introduction 263 12.2 The Limiting Form of the Dirac Delta Function 263 12.3 Integral Representation of the Dirac Delta Function 265 12.4 Some Important Properties of the Dirac Delta Function 267 12.5 The Three-Dimensional Dirac Delta Function 270 13 Fourier Transforms 273 13.1 Introduction 273 13.2 Fourier Transforms 273 13.3 Scaling Property 280 13.4 Shifting Property 280 13.5 Fourier Sine and Cosine Transforms 281 13.6 Fourier Transform of the Derivative 282 13.7 Inverse Fourier Transform 282 13.8 Convolution 283 13.9 Convolution Theorem for Fourier Transforms 291 13.10 Parseval’s Theorem 293 14 Laplace Transforms 295 14.1 Introduction 295 14.2 Some Simple Examples 296 14.3 Properties of the Laplace Transforms 297 14.3.1 Linearity 297 14.3.2 Shifting Property 297 14.3.3 Scaling Property 297 14.4 Laplace Transform of the Derivative 298 14.5 Laplace Transform of Certain Special Functions 299 14.6 The Laplace Transform of Error and Complementary Error Functions 300 14.7 The Evaluation of a Certain Class of Definite Integrals Using Laplace Transforms 300 14.8 The Inverse Laplace Transform 302 14.8.1 Inverse Laplace Transform of Standard Functions 303 14.8.2 Shifting Properties 303 14.8.3 Inverse Laplace Transforms of Derivatives 305 14.9 Solving the Differential Equation by Laplace Transform 306 14.10 Convolution Theorem 307 14.11 Graphical Treatment of the Convolution 308 15 Vectors 315 15.1 Introduction 315 15.2 Properties 315 15.3 Vector Differentiation 319 15.4 Directional Derivative 320 15.5 Unit Vector Normal to the Surface 320 15.6 Gradient, Divergence, and Curl in the Cartesian Coordinate System 320 15.6.1 Gradient 320 15.6.2 Divergence 321 15.6.3 Curl 321 15.6.4 Laplacian Operator (∇ 2) 321 15.6.5 Examples 322 15.7 Expressing the Gradient, Divergence, and Curl in Other Coordinate Systems 326 15.7.1 Spherical Coordinate System 326 15.7.2 Cylindrical Coordinate System 330 15.8 Vector Plots 337 16 Linear Vector Spaces and Quantum Mechanics 343 16.1 Introduction 343 16.2 Linear Independence, Basis, and Dimension 343 16.3 Dimension of the Vector Space 343 16.4 Basis of the Vector Space 343 16.5 Completeness 344 16.6 Scalar Product in a Linear Vector Space 344 16.7 Norm of the Vector 344 16.8 Orthonormal Basis 344 16.9 Linear Independence of Functions 348 16.10 Hilbert Space 349 16.11 Completeness in Functional Space 350 16.12 The Dirac Ket and Bra Notation 351 16.12.1 The Scalar Product of Kets and Bras 351 16.12.2 Schwartz Inequality 352 16.12.3 The Orthonormal States 352 16.12.4 Basis 352 16.12.5 Probability Density 352 16.13 The Hermitian and Skew-Hermitian Operators in Dirac Ket and Bra Notation 352 16.14 Expectation Values 353 16.15 Matrix Representation of the Linear Operator 359 17 Application of Mathematica to Quantum Mechanics 361 17.1 Introduction 361 17.2 A Particle in a One-Dimensional Box 361 17.3 A Particle in a Two-Dimensional Box 365 17.4 The Hydrogen Atom Problem 368 17.4.1 The Orthonormal Property of the Hydrogen Atom Wave Functions 371 17.5 The One-Dimensional Linear Harmonic Oscillator Atom Problem 373 17.6 Three-Dimensional Harmonic Oscillator 377 17.7 Miscellaneous Problems 382 References 385 Index 387

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Book SynopsisThis book analyses the importance of consumer behaviour in sustainable fashion and consumption. Consumer behaviour plays a major role in sustainability, and when it comes to textile products, a number of studies have shown that for certain product categories, consumer behaviour during use and disposal stages influences the entire life cycle impacts of the product more than the raw material and manufacturing stages. However green the production, the overall sustainability of a product depends on the consumers who use and dispose of it.Table of ContentsSustainable Fashion Sportswear Consumption”- Elaine FUNG, Rong LIU*, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University.Analysing the Consumer Behavior Regarding Sustainable Fashion Using Theory of Planned Behavior. Dr. Canan SARICAM1, Dr. Nazan OKUR1, 1Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Textile Technologies and Design , Department of Textile Engineering, Inonu Cad. No:65 34437 Gumussuyu Beyoglu ISTANBULThe Impact of Knowledge on Consumer Behaviour Towards Sustainable Apparel Consumption. Dr. Canan SARICAM1, Dr. Nazan OKUR1, 1Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Textile Technologies and Design , Department of Textile Engineering, Inonu Cad. No:65 34437 Gumussuyu Beyoglu ISTANBUL.

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Book SynopsisThis concise text offers an overview of the key issues in sustainable food production for all readers interested in the ecology and environmental impact of agriculture. It details the ecological foundations of farming and food systems, showing how to create sustainable alternatives to the industrial production methods used today.Trade ReviewA little book with a big scope, this primer focuses on the social and ecological context for how agriculture fits into the global agenda for environmental sustainability. Timely and succinct, it is a useful resource for understanding interdisciplinary issues in development and for shifting toward more equitable and environmentally sound food systems. It could serve as an excellent add-on textbook for courses in sustainability science, agricultural policy, and agricultural ecology. -- Louise Jackson, professor emerita, University of California DavisOne of today’s greatest environmental challenges is to feed a hungry planet without jeopardizing the sustainability of our food production systems or the Earth’s ecosystems and biodiversity. Written in a highly engaging style, this short book does an incredible job of explaining how to address this challenge. Broadly sweeping in scope, from historical context to forward thinking, it offers an indispensable overview of how to draw together social, ecological, and economic principles to enhance the sustainability of food, farming, and agriculture. -- Oswald J. Schmitz, Oastler Professor of Ecology, Yale University School of the EnvironmentSustainable Food Production brings a broad subject area with many terms and concepts into a coherent framework. Naeem, Lipton, and van Huysen provide a big picture view for students of sustainability and other readers interested in the environment, natural resources, agriculture, and human impacts. -- Mark Rasmussen, director of the Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture, Iowa State UniversityTable of ContentsPreface1. Sustainable Development: A New Century, a New Paradigm2. Nature and Nature’s Goods and Services3. Sustainable Development and Food Production4. Food, Farming, and Human Well-Being5. Bringing It All Together: The Sustainable Future Before UsGlossaryNotesIndex

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Book SynopsisI Fundamentals.- 1 Ordinary Differential Equations.- 2 Difference Equations.- II Local Analysis.- 3 Approximate Solution of Linear Differential Equations.- 4 Approximate Solution of Nonlinear Differential Equations.- 5 Approximate Solution of Difference Equations.- 6 Asymptotic Expansion of Integrals.- III Perturbation Methods.- 7 Perturbation Series.- 8 Summation of Series.- IV Global Analysis.- 9 Boundary Layer Theory.- 10 WKB Theory.- 11 Multiple-Scale Analysis.Trade Review"This book is a reprint of the original published by McGraw-Hill \ref [MR0538168 (80d:00030)]. The only changes are the addition of the Roman numeral I to the title and the provision of a subtitle, "Asymptotic methods and perturbation theory". This latter improvement is much needed, as the original title suggested that this was a teaching book for undergraduate scientists and engineers. It is not, but is an excellent introduction to asymptotic and perturbation methods for master's degree students or beginning research students. Certain parts of it could be used for a course in asymptotics for final year undergraduates in applied mathematics or mathematical physics. This is a book that has stood the test of time and I cannot but endorse the remarks of the original reviewer. It is written in a fresh and lively style and the many graphs and tables, comparing the results of exact and approximate methods, were in advance of its time. I have owned a copy of the original for over twenty years, using it on a regular basis, and, after the original had gone out of print, lending it to my research students. Springer-Verlag has done a great service to users of, and researchers in, asymptotics and perturbation theory by reprinting this classic." (A.D. Wood, Mathematical Reviews) Table of ContentsI Preface. 1 Ordinary Differential Equations. 2 Difference Equations. 3 Approximate Solution of Linear Differential Equations. 4 Approximate Solution of Nonlinear Equations. 5 Approximate Solution of Difference Equations. 6 Asymptotic Expansion of Integrals. 7 Perturbation Series. 8 Summation of Series. 9 Boundary Layer Theory. 10 WKB Theory. 11 Multiple Scales Analysis. Appendix, References, Index

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Book SynopsisUganda's capital, Kampala, is undergoing dramatic urban transformations as its new technocratic government seeks to clean and green the city. Waste Worlds tracks the dynamics of development and disposability unfolding amid struggles over who and what belong in the new Kampala. Garbage materializes these struggles. In the densely inhabited social infrastructures in and around the city's waste streams, people, places, and things become disposable but conditions of disposability are also challenged and undone. Drawing on years of ethnographic research, Jacob Doherty illustrates how waste makes worlds, offering the key intervention that disposability is best understood not existentially, as a condition of social exclusion, but infrastructurally, as a form of injurious social inclusion.Trade Review"By means of the book’s rich ethnographic accounts, Doherty. . . .makes a significant contribution to our understanding of the work that underlies the infrastructures that are so vital to contemporary societies." * Exertions *"An expansive rendering of urban sanitation policies and problems in Kampala. . . . would certainly work well in an undergraduate course." * American Anthropologist *"Evocative with a skilful poetic style. . . . Waste Worlds offers a way to think about waste that humanises waste workers and renders the complicated experience of waste for non-elite urban residents." * LSE Review of Books *Table of ContentsContents List of Illustrations Preface: “Don’t You Have Garbage in Your Country?” Introduction Disposability’s Infrastructure Part I The Authority of Garbage 1. Accumulations of Authority 2. Tear Gas and Trash Trucks 3. Destructive Creation 4. Selfies of the State Part II Away 5. Para-Sites 6. Legalizing Waste 7. Sink and Spill 8. Assembling the Waste Stream 9. Embodied Displacement Part III Racializing Disposability 10. From Natives to Locals 11. Infrastructures of Feeling 12. Developmental Respectability 13. Waste in Time 14. Clean Hearts, Dirty Hands Conclusion Surplus, Embodiment, Displacement, and Contestation Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThe electricity sector is facing its toughest test: eliminate carbon emissions while meeting much larger demands for power and adjusting to massive disruptions in its markets, technologies, business models, and policies. Peter Fox-Penner unwinds the industry’s fast-moving challenges and makes realistic recommendations for this essential industry.Trade ReviewPower after Carbon calls to attention the dramatic changes in the electric power sector over the last decade. Fox-Penner leads us on a serious exploration of the various technologies, fuels, and system designs that transcend easy fixes to today’s challenges and opportunities: the drive for net zero carbon emissions; the rise of wind and solar; and the emphasis on both reliability and resilience. -- Ernest Moniz, former US Secretary of EnergyPeter Fox-Penner is among the world’s most respected and admired electricity experts—deeply informed, astute, and wise. This clear and engaging distillation of his insights will enlighten and stimulate readers in all sectors and at all levels. -- Amory B. Lovins, Cofounder and Chairman Emeritus, Rocky Mountain InstituteClearly written, assiduously researched, and never fantastical, Power after Carbon is a delight-filled primer for how to overhaul our electricity grid for the twenty-first century. If Fox-Penner can imagine and explain a carbon free system, then surely we can conceive of a way to build it! -- Gretchen Bakke, author of The Grid: The Fraying Wires Between Americans and Our Energy FutureExamines many important issues that require attention if society elects to accelerate carbon emission reductions through greater electrification of transportation and other end uses for energy…Fox-Penner has written a magnum opus for electricity regulators and other analysts working in this area. -- William F. Hederman * Regulation *Peter Fox-Penner has once again written a book that captures the zeitgeist of the electric utility industry at a pivotal moment. How we decarbonize the US power supply and incorporate new technologies, while still providing reliable and affordable electric service, is a daunting task. Power after Carbon lays out both the challenges and possible paths forward in a clear and cogent way, and should be required reading for anyone who wants to understand this industry. -- Sue Kelly, former President and CEO, American Public Power AssociationThe rapid transition to 100 percent clean energy generation requires not only political will, but also an understanding of the difficult choices that decision makers and advocates must address. This book clearly and comprehensively explains the decisions that must be made, the steps that must be taken, and the interactions between policy and technology judgments that must be understood. It is a must-read if we are to succeed in this critical task. -- Ken Berlin, President and CEO, The Climate Reality ProjectFox-Penner does it again! This unique, timely, and invaluable addition to the canon confronts our powerlessness before the ‘Almighty Grid’ and organizes our collective thinking in the wider field. A must-read for anyone interested in the energy transition that will affect us all. -- Malik Dahlan, Chair of International Law and Public Policy, Energy Law Institute, Queen Mary University of LondonIt is increasingly clear that climate change is the central issue of this century, yet global emissions continue to rise. On paper, decarbonizing the electric system is the easy part, but in the real world, it’s not so simple. In Power after Carbon, Peter Fox-Penner tackles the many thorny questions that arise, presenting a vision for how change is possible, if we rise to the occasion. -- Jeremy Grantham, Cofounder and Chief Investment Strategist, Grantham, Mayo & van OtterlooIn Power after Carbon, Fox-Penner uses his options framework to address the energy industry’s advances over the last decade. This excellent book will be particularly valuable to industry leaders, policymakers, and other stakeholders as we design the paths forward for our companies, and the customers and communities we serve. -- Robert Rowe, President and CEO, Northwestern EnergyAs the world sits on the precipice of an energy transformation, Power after Carbon provides a detailed look at the technology and policy challenges we will need to confront on the way to a fully clean grid. Even though the scope of the change is immense, Fox-Penner deftly paints a clear vision of what is possible, making this book an essential resource for anyone looking to understand what comes next in our energy future. -- Alicia Barton, President and CEO, New York State Energy Research and Development AuthorityIf you’re serious about climate policy, read this book. -- Joseph Romm, author of Climate Change: What Everyone Needs to Know

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