Technical design Books

Book SynopsisYour real-world introduction to mechanical design with Autodesk Inventor 2016 Mastering Autodesk Inventor 2016 and Autodesk Inventor LT 2016is a complete real-world reference and tutorial for those learning this mechanical design software. With straightforward explanations and practical tutorials, this guide brings you up to speed with Inventor in the context of real-world workflows and environments. You''ll begin designing right away as you become acquainted with the interface and conventions, and then move into more complex projects as you learn sketching, modeling, assemblies, weldment design, functional design, documentation, visualization, simulation and analysis, and much more. Detailed discussions are reinforced with step-by-step tutorials, and the companion website provides downloadable project files that allow you to compare your work to the pros. Whether you''re teaching yourself, teaching a class, or preparing for the Inventor certification exam, this is theTable of ContentsIntroduction xxvii Chapter 1 • Getting Started 1 Understanding Parametric Design 1 Creating a Base Sketch 1 Creating a Base Feature 2 Adding More Features 3 Using the Part in an Assembly 3 Making Changes 4 Understanding History-Based Modeling and Dependencies 4 Taking a Closer Look at Sketch Dimensions 5 Following Part Modeling Best Practices 7 Following Assembly Modeling Best Practices 8 Understanding the “Feel” of Inventor 10 Understanding the Intuitive Interface 10 Using General Tools vsSpecifi c Commands 12 When in Doubt, Right-Click 12 Using the Graphical Interface 13 Inventor Title Bar 14 Graphics Window Tools 15 The Ribbon Menu 17 The Browser Pane/Model Browser 19 Dialog Boxes and the In-Canvas Mini-Toolbars 19 Task-Based Tools 20 Learning the File Types in Inventor 20 What Is an Inventor Project? 22 Project Files and Search Paths 22 Library Folders and Library Editor IPJ Files 25 Content Center Files 26 How Search Paths and Project Files Are Used 26 Exploring Project File Types 27 Creating a Project File 29 Creating Single-User Projects 29 Creating Multiuser Projects 38 Understanding Inventor Templates39 Working with Styles, Style Libraries, and Company Standards 40 The Bottom Line 40 Chapter 2 • A Hands-on Test-Drive of the Workflow 43 Creating a Part Model 43 Starting with a Part Template 45 Understanding Origin Geometry 45 Creating a Base 2D Sketch 46 Creating a Profi le in the Sketch 48 Creating a Base 3D Feature 48 Creating a Secondary 2D Sketch 49 Creating a Secondary 3D Feature 51 Patterning a 3D Feature 52 Creating and Detailing Drawings of Part Models 53 Creating a Base View on a Drawing 53 Creating Projected Views on a Drawing 55 Creating Dimensions on a Drawing 55 Putting Part Models Together in Assembly Files 56 Placing, Rotating, and Moving Parts in an Assembly File 57 Working with Degrees of Freedom in an Assembly 58 Placing Assembly Constraints to Defi ne Mechanical Movement 60 Creating and Detailing Drawings of Assembly Models 63 Creating an Assembly Detail View 63 Placing a Parts List and Balloons 65 Exporting a Drawing to a PDF File 66 The Bottom Line 66 Chapter 3 • Sketch Techniques 69 Exploring the Options and Settings for Sketches 69 Application Options 70 Document Settings 75 Sketching Basics 75 Creating a Sketch on an Existing Sketch 76 Projecting Geometry into Your Sketch 77 Breaking Links to Projected Geometry 79 Deleting a Sketch 80 Creating Another New Sketch 80 Creating Dimensions 81 Creating a Sketch in a New Part 82 Creating a New Part File from a Template 82 Creating Lines Using the Line Tool 84 Understanding Sketch Constraints 86 Using Degrees of Freedom to View Underconstrained Sketch Elements 88 Using Dimensions to Fully Constrain a Sketch 89 Understanding the Save Options 92 Making a Sketch Active for Edits 93 Using Construction Geometry 93 Using the Polygon Tool and Creating an Aligned Dimension 95 Using Offset and Creating a Three-Point Rectangle 97 Creating Driven Dimensions 99 Taking a Closer Look at Sketch Constraints 102 The Tangent Constraint 103 The Perpendicular Constraint 103 The Parallel Constraint 104 The Coincident Constraint 105 The Concentric Constraint 105 The Collinear Constraint 106 The Horizontal Constraint 106 The Vertical Constraint 107 The Equal Constraint 108 The Fix Constraint 109 The Symmetric Constraint 109 The Smooth Constraint 110 Gaining More Sketch Skills 111 Creating Arcs 111 Creating Automatic Tangents with the Line Tool 113 Understanding the Point/Center Point Tool 113 Projecting Geometry 114 Learning More about Dimensions 115 Measuring Geometry 119 Creating Sketches from AutoCAD Geometry 120 Importing Existing AutoCAD Designs 120 Copying and Pasting Existing AutoCAD Designs into Inventor 122 Creating and Using 3D Sketches 123 Creating a 3D Path 123 Using the 3D Coordinate Triad 124 Exploring More 3D Sketch Tools 127 Best Practices for Working with Sketches 132 The Bottom Line 133 Chapter 4 • Basic Modeling Techniques 135 Exploring Application Options and Settings for Part Modeling 135 Specifying Global Settings 135 Specifying Document-Specific Settings 137 Key Concepts for Creating Basic Part Features 144 Simplifying Your Sketches 147 Exploring the Extrude Tool 148 Extruding Basic Features 149 Editing an Extrusion Feature 152 Extruding with Cut and Taper 152 Extruding with Intersect 153 Extruding Surfaces from Open Profiles 155 Extruding Solids from Open Profiles 156 Extruding with To 158 Extruding with the Minimum Solution Option 160 Extruding with To Next 160 Extruding Between 161 Extruding Multi-body Solids 162 Creating Revolved Parts 164 Revolved Cylindrical Parts vsStacked Circular Extrusions 164 Creating Revolved Parts 165 Creating Work Features 167 Work Planes 168 Work Axes and Work Points 174 Creating Fillets 175 Edge Fillets 176 Face Fillets 179 Full Round Fillets 180 Working with Fillet Features 180 Creating Threaded Features 182 Creating Cosmetic Threads Using the Thread Tool 182 Using the Coil Tool to Create Physical Threads 183 Hole Features 184 Using the Thread and Clearance Spreadsheets 184 Creating Holes in Parts 186 Setting Tolerance Values in Holes 188 Bend Parts 189 Part Modeling Exercise 190 Creating a Base Feature 191 Creating a Second Feature 192 Creating a Sketch-Based Hole Feature 194 Creating a Rectangular Hole Pattern 197 Editing Sketches and Features 199 Repairing Features and Sketches 202 The Bottom Line 204 Chapter 5 • Advanced Modeling Techniques 207 Creating Complex Sweeps and Lofts 207 Creating and Using Sweeps 208 Exploring Sweep Options 210 Creating Loft Features 214 Creating a Part Using Loft and Sculpt 221 Creating Multi-body Parts 223 Creating Multiple Solids 223 Using One Solid to Shape Another 225 Creating Derived Parts and Assemblies 230 Creating Derived Parts 230 Deriving a Part File 230 Deriving an Assembly File 232 Modifying Derived Parts 233 Using the Component Derive Tool 233 Working with Patterns 233 Rectangular Patterns 233 Circular Patterns 234 Patterns Along Curves 236 The Coil Tool and Spiral Patterns 238 Pattern Solids 240 Dynamic Patterns 243 Setting iProperties and Parameters 244 iProperties 244 Part Parameters 245 Assembly Parameters 250 Adding Part Tolerances 250 Tolerances in Sketches 251 Setting Global File Tolerances 252 Working with Limits and Fits 254 Working with Free-Form Modeling and Direct Editing Tools 257 Free-Form Modeling 257 Using the Direct Edit Tool 264 Troubleshooting Failures with the End-of-Part Marker 265 Step 1: Editing the First Feature 266 Step 2: Moving the EOP Marker Down One Feature at a Time 267 The Bottom Line 268 Chapter 6 • Sheet Metal 269 Understanding Sheet-Metal Parts 269 Getting to Know the Features 270 Starting with a Base Feature 270 Creating Secondary Flange Features 276 Adding, Removing, or Deforming Material 285 Using Sheet-Metal Templates and Rules 302 What Are Sheet-Metal Rules? 302 Working with Styles and Templates 310 Working with the Flat Pattern 311 Exploring the Flat Pattern Edit Features 311 Adding Manufacturing Information to the Flat Pattern 311 Using the Flat Pattern Definition Dialog Box 313 Manufacturing Your Flat Pattern 314 Using Sheet-Metal iPart Factories 315 iParts for Confi gurations 316 iParts for Fold Progression 316 Modeling with Non-Sheet-Metal Features 317 Selecting Problematic Features 317 Using Surface-Based Workflows 317 Working with Imported Parts 318 Setting Yourself Up for Success 318 Converting Components 318 Annotating Your Sheet-Metal Design 319 Creating a View of Your Sheet-Metal Design 319 Adding Bend, Punch, and Flat Pattern Annotations 321 The Bottom Line 323 Chapter 7 • Reusing Parts and Features 325 Working with iParts 325 Creating and Modifying iParts 326 Using iParts in Designs 338 Working with iFeatures 340 Creating iFeatures 341 Creating Punch Features 345 Reusing Existing Geometry 349 Copying Features 349 Cloning 351 Linking Parameters Between Two Files 352 Copying Sketches 353 Introducing Content Center 355 Confi guring Content Center 356 Using Content Center 358 Publishing Parts to Content Center 366 The Bottom Line 369 Chapter 8 • Assembly Design Workflows 371 Assembly Relationships 372 Degrees of Freedom 372 Grounded Components 374 How the Constrain Tool Works 375 How the Joint Tool Works 376 Working with Constraints 377 Additional Constrain Tools and Options 391 Working with Joint Relationships 397 Understanding Subassemblies 408 Top-Down Design 410 Developing an Efficient Assembly Workflow 410 Layout Sketches 414 Flexibility 417 Adaptivity 417 Creating Adaptivity 418 Removing Adaptivity from Parts 420 Assembly Features 421 Managing the Bill of Materials 423 Parts-Level BOM Control 424 Assembly-Level BOM Control 424 Assembly Reuse and Configurations 431 Copying Designs 431 Using Representations 433 Using iAssemblies 443 Use Assembly Design Accelerators 447 Functional Design vsGeometric Modeling 447 Working with Design Accelerators 448 The Bottom Line 455 Chapter 9 • Large Assembly Strategies 457 Selecting a Workstation 457 Physical Memory vs Virtual Memory 458 Hardware 458 Working with Performance Settings 461 Express Mode 461 Working with Drawing Settings 461 Working with Model Display Settings 465 Working with General Settings 466 Using the Memory Probe 468 Working with System Settings 469 Large Assembly Best Practices 470 Working with the Model 470 Improving File Open Time 471 Reducing Assembly Constraints 471 Adaptivity 474 Selection Tools 475 View Representations 477 Find 477 Opening the Model 478 Working with Large Assembly Drawings 479 Managing Assembly Detail 483 LOD Strategies 483 Substitute LODs 485 Subassembly LODs 487 Simplifying Parts 489 Removing or Suppressing Unneeded Features 489 The Bottom Line 491 Chapter 10 • Weldment Design 493 Exploring Weldment Design Methodologies 493 Part Files and Part Features 494 Weldment Assembly and Derived Technology 494 Weldment Assembly 495 Multi-body Part Files 496 Modeling Preparations 497 Exploring Cosmetic Welds 499 Creating a Simple Cosmetic Weld 501 Using Split Faces to Place Cosmetic Welds 502 Placing Cosmetic Welds with Extents 502 Creating Weld Beads 503 Creating Fillet Welds 504 Modeling a Fillet Weld 505 Fillet Welds and Gaps 507 Creating Intermittent Fillet Welds 508 Creating Groove Welds 509 Performing Machining Operations 512 Exploring Weld Properties and Combinations 513 Weld Properties 513 Replication 514 Groove and Fillet Weld Combinations 514 Split Technique 515 Using the Weld Symbol 517 Understanding Bead Property Report and Mass Properties 518 Creating Drawing Documentation 519 Weldment Design Stages 521 End Fill 523 Drawing Weld Symbols 524 Caterpillar 525 Generating a Bill of Materials and Parts List 526 The Bottom Line 527 Chapter 11 • Presentations and Exploded Views 529 Getting Started 530 Working in the Presentation Environment 530 Creating an Automatically Exploded Presentation 532 Creating Tweaks Individually 535 Preparing the Exploded Presentation to Be Used in an Animation 538 Hiding Components from View During Animations 544 Rounding Up Presentation Preparation 546 Creating and Publishing Animations 546 Animation File Types and Compression Codecs 547 The Bottom Line 549 Chapter 12 • Documentation 551 Creating Drawing Views 551 Creating a Base View 552 Moving and Copying Views 556 Creating Section Views 557 Slice Views 561 Using Breakout Views 562 Using Detail Views 566 Creating Break Views 567 Cropping Views 570 Using Draft Views 570 Creating Overlay Views 570 Annotating Part Drawings 571 Using Centerline and Center Marks 571 Creating Dimensions 576 Hole and Thread Notes 588 Leadered Symbols589 Drawing Text 590 General Tables 590 Hole Tables 592 Annotating Assembly Drawings 594 Assembly Representations 595 Reference Data in Drawing Views 597 Interference and Tangent Edge Display 598 Parts Lists 599 Balloons 601 Center of Gravity Display 603 Working with Sheet-Metal Drawings 604 Flat Pattern Views 604 Bend Centerlines and Extents 605 Bend and Punch Notes 605 Bend Tables 606 Punch Tables 607 Working with Weldment Views 608 Working with iParts and iAssembly Drawings 610 Drawing Standards 611 Creating Templates and Styles 612 Understanding Template Locations 613 Choosing a File Format 614 Utilizing Drawing Resources 615 Sheet Size 615 Multiple Sheets 616 Creating a Border 616 Creating a Title Block 618 Prompted Entry 623 Sketched Symbols 625 AutoCAD Blocks 627 Sketched Symbol Libraries 627 Sheet Formats 628 Transferring Drawing Resources 629 Editing Styles and Standards 630 Object Defaults 631 Creating Styles 634 Working with Substyles 635 Drawing Style Administration 636 Sharing Your Drawings Outside Your Workgroup 636 The Bottom Line 637 Chapter 13 • Tools Overview 641 Exploring the BIM Exchange 641 Assembly Model Simplification 642 Part Model Simplification 647 Model Authoring 649 Model Publishing 650 Using AutoLimits 653 Creating AutoLimits 655 Editing AutoLimits 657 Using the Design Assistant 658 Using the Find Files Tool 660 Using the Where Used Tool 661 Renaming, Copying, and Replacing Files 663 Using Pack And Go 664 Using the Drawing Resource Transfer Wizard 667 Using the Style Library Manager 668 Using the Task Scheduler 670 Creating a Task for Migrating Files 671 Performing Sequential Tasks 673 Performing Custom Tasks 674 Tweaking Multi-Process Settings 674 Publishing DWF Files and Filenames 675 Using iProperties 675 Copying iProperties to Drawings 677 Creating Expressions with iProperties 678 Working with the Design Assistant and iProperties 679 Creating Design Property Reports 680 Using the Measure Tools 681 Using Measurement Helpers 681 Measuring in Assemblies 683 Participating in the CIP and CER R 683 Participating in the CIP 683 Participating in CER 684 Using Miscellaneous Tools 684 Using the Autodesk Multi-Sheet Plot Tool 684 Using the Add-In Manager 685 Using the Project Editor 686 The Bottom Line 686 Chapter 14 • Exchanging Data with Other Systems 687 Importing and Exporting Geometry 687 Importing vsReferencing Geometry 688 Translating DWG and DXF Files 695 Mechanical Desktop DWG 703 STEP and IGES 704 SAT 706 CATIA Import Options 706 Pro/ENGINEER Import Options 707 Unigraphics and Parasolids Import Options 707 SolidWorks Import Options 708 Rhino Import Options 708 SMT Import Options 708 JT Import Options708 STL Import Options 709 IDF Board Files 709 Working with Imported Data 711 Repair Tools 711 Edit Solid Tools 711 Viewing DWF Markup 714 Publishing a DWF or DWFx File 715 Reviewing and Marking Up DWF and DWFx Files 716 Accessing DWF or DWFx Markups in Inventor 717 The Bottom Line 718 Chapter 15 • Frame Generator 719 Accessing Frame Generator Tools 719 Exploring the Frame Generator File Structure 720 Exploring the Anatomy of a Frame Member 722 Inserting Frame Members 723 Specifying a Structural Shape 723 Changing the Orientation 724 Selecting Placement Geometry 725 Creating a Basic Frame 726 Aligning Frame Members 730 Using the Change Tool731 Adding End Treatments 732 Miter 733 Trim/Extend to Face 736 Trim to Frame Member 737 Notch Frame Members 738 Lengthen/Shorten Frame Member 739 Reuse Frame Members 739 Maintaining Frames 741 Remove End Treatments 741 Frame Member Information 741 Refresh 741 Performing Calculations and Analysis 742 The Beam and Column Calculator 742 Publishing Frame Members 751 Authoring a Part 751 Publishing a Part 754 Frame Assemblies and BOMs 755 The Bottom Line 756 Chapter 16 • Inventor Studio 757 How to Make Your Models Look Great, Live Onscreen 758 Materials and Appearances 758 Visual Styles Settings 764 Saving an Image 773 Rounding Up 773 An Introduction to Inventor Studio 774 How to Create a Still Image (Render) 776 Inventor Studio Lighting Styles 780 How to Add Local Lights 781 How to Add Cameras 784 How to Create an Animated Render 788 Animating with Inventor Studio 790 Inventor Studio Video Producer 796 Rendering Animations 797 Inventor Studio Roundup 798 The Bottom Line 799 Chapter 17 • Stress Analysis and Dynamic Simulation 801 Introducing Analysis 801 Conducting Stress Analysis Simulations 802 Simulation Guide 803 Static Stress vsModal Analysis 803 Simplifying Your Model 803 Specifying Materials 804 Applying Simulation Constraints 805 Applying Loads 806 Specifying Contact Conditions 808 Preparing Thin Bodies 810 Generating a Mesh 810 Running the Simulation 812 Interpreting the Results 813 Using the Result, Scaling, Display, and Report Tools 814 Conducting Parameter Studies 815 Conducting a Frame Analysis 819 Frame Analysis Settings 819 Frame Constraints 819 Frame Loads 820 Connections 821 Results821 Conducting Dynamic Simulations 823 Working with Joints 823 More on Working with Joints 827 Working with Redundancy 828 Working with Environmental Constraints 829 Running a Simulation 835 Exporting to FEA 838 Using the Dynamic Simulation Information in Stress Analysis 839 The Bottom Line 839 Chapter 18 • Routed Systems 841 Tube and Pipe 841 Understanding Routes, Runs, and Assembly Structure 841 Tube and Pipe Settings 843 Exploring the Tube and Pipe Styles 844 Placing Fittings 849 Creating Routes 850 Exporting ISOGEN Files 859 Cable and Harness 859 Creating and Placing Electrical Parts 860 Creating a Harness 863 Placing Wires 865 Using the Cable & Harness Library 866 Placing Cables 867 Placing and Editing Segments 868 Copying Cable and Harness Designs 871 Creating Nailboard Drawings 873 The Bottom Line 875 Chapter 19 • Plastics Design Features 877 Creating Thicken/Offset Features 878 Creating Shell Features 879 Creating Split Features 881 Creating Grill Features 882 Creating Rule Fillet Features 884 Creating Rest Features 886 Creating Boss Features 888 Creating Lip and Groove Features 891 Creating Snap-Fit Features 892 Creating Rib and Web Features 894 Creating Draft Features 896 Mold Design Overview 898 Inventor Tooling 898 Importing a Plastic Part 899 Creating Runners and Gates 902 Analyzing and Creating Cores and Cavities 904 Working with Mold Bases 907 Working with Ejectors and Sprue Bushings 909 The Bottom Line 912 Chapter 20 • iLogic 915 What Is iLogic? 915 Understanding iLogic Rules 916 What Are Functions? 916 Conditional Statements 919 Understanding the iLogic Elements and Interface 921 Exploring iLogic Parameter Types 921 Using the iLogic Browser 924 Understanding the iTrigger 930 Working with Event Triggers 930 Creating iLogic Parameters, Rules, and Forms 931 Creating iLogic Rules 931 Creating iLogic Forms 946 Working with iLogic Components 957 iLogic Design Copy 958 The Bottom Line 959 Appendix A • Th e Bottom Line 961 Chapter 1: Getting Started 961 Chapter 2: A Hands-on Test-Drive of the Workflow 963 Chapter 3: Sketch Techniques 964 Chapter 4: Basic Modeling Techniques 966 Chapter 5: Advanced Modeling Techniques 968 Chapter 6: Sheet Metal 970 Chapter 7: Reusing Parts and Features 973 Chapter 8: Assembly Design Workfl ows 974 Chapter 9: Large Assembly Strategies 977 Chapter 10: Weldment Design 978 Chapter 11: Presentations and Exploded Views 980 Chapter 12: Documentation 981 Chapter 13: Tools Overview 984 Chapter 14: Exchanging Data with Other Systems 986 Chapter 15: Frame Generator 987 Chapter 16: Inventor Studio 988 Chapter 17: Stress Analysis and Dynamic Simulation 991 Chapter 18: Routed Systems 991 Chapter 19: Plastics Design Features 992 Chapter 20: iLogic 995 Appendix B • Autodesk Inventor 2016 Certification 999 Index 1009

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Book SynopsisThe step-by-step, full-color AutoCAD 2018 guide with real-world practicality AutoCAD 2018 and AutoCAD LT 2018 Essentials provides a full-color, task-based approach to mastering this powerful software. Straightforward, easy-to-follow instruction pairs with real-world, hands-on exercises to help you quickly get up to speed with core features and functions; screenshots illustrate tutorial steps to help you follow along, and each chapter concludes with a more open-ended project so you can dive in and explore a specific topic in-depth. From 2D drawing and organization to 3D modeling, dimensioning, presenting, and more, this helpful guide walks you through everything you need to know to become productive with AutoCAD 2018 and AutoCAD LT 2018. The companion website features downloadable starting and ending files for each exercise, so you can jump in at any point and compare your work to the pros, as well as additional tutorials to help you go as deep as you need tTable of ContentsIntroduction xiii Chapter 1 Get ting Star ted 1 Sign In to Autodesk 360 on the Start Tab 1 Exercise 1.1: Configure Autodesk 360 1 Explore the AutoCAD 2018 for Windows User Interface 4 Exercise 1.2: Explore the Graphical User Interface 4 Exercise 1.3: Control the AutoCAD Ribbon 9 Set Drawing Units 13 Exercise 1.4: Set the AutoCAD Drawing Units 14 Chapter 2 Gaining Basic Drawing Skills 17 Navigate 2D Drawings 17 Exercise 2.1: Navigate a Drawing 17 Draw Lines and Rectangles 21 Exercise 2.2: Draw Lines 21 Exercise 2.3: Draw Rectangles 24 Cancel, Erase, and Undo 25 Exercise 2.4: Correct Mistakes 25 Use Coordinate Systems 27 Exercise 2.5: Use Absolute Coordinates 27 Exercise 2.6: Use Relative Coordinates 28 Exercise 2.7: Use Polar Coordinates 29 Draw Circles, Arcs, and Polygons 33 Exercise 2.8: Create Circles 33 Exercise 2.9: Create Arcs 36 Exercise 2.10: Draw Polygons 38 Use Fillet and Chamfer 40 Exercise 2.11: Join Nonparallel Lines 40 Exercise 2.12: Join Crossed Lines with Fillet 41 Chapter 3 Using Drawing Aids 43 Use Grid and Snap 43 Exercise 3.1: Draw with Grid and Snap 44t e n t s Employ Ortho and Polar Tracking 47 Exercise 3.2: Draw with Ortho and Polar Tracking 47 Use PolarSnap 48 Exercise 3.3: Draw with PolarSnap 49 Select Running Object Snaps 51 Exercise 3.4: Draw with Running Object Snaps 51 Harness the From Snap 54 Exercise 3.5: Use the From Snap 54 Apply Object Snap Tracking 55 Exercise 3.6: Use Object Snap Tracking 55 Chapter 4 Editing Entities 59 Create Selection Sets 59 Exercise 4.1: Create a Selection Set at the Select Objects: Prompt 60 Exercise 4.2: Create a Selection Set Before Deciding on a Command 62 Use Move and Copy 66 Exercise 4.3: Move and Copy 66 Use Rotate and Scale 70 Exercise 4.4: Rotate and Scale 70 Work with Arrays 73 Exercise 4.5: Create a Rectangular Array 74 Exercise 4.6: Create a Polar Array 75 Use Trim and Extend 77 Exercise 4.7: Trim and Measure 77 Use Lengthen and Stretch 78 Exercise 4.8: Lengthen and Stretch 79 Use Offset and Mirror 80 Exercise 4.9: Offset and Mirror 80 Edit with Grips 82 Exercise 4.10: Edit with Grips 83 Chapter 5 Shaping Curves 85 Draw and Edit Curved Polylines 85 Exercise 5.1: Draw and Edit Curved Polylines 85 Draw Ellipses 91 Exercise 5.2: Draw Ellipses 91 Shape Splines 93 Exercise 5.3: Work with Control Vertices 94 Exercise 5.4: Work with Fit Points 98 Blend Between Objects with Splines 101 Exercise 5.5: Blend Splines 102 Chapter 6 Controlling Object Visibility and Appearance 105 Change Object Properties 105 Exercise 6.1: Edit Object Properties 106 Set the Current Layer 109 Exercise 6.2: Choose the Current Layer 110 Alter the Layer Assignments of Objects 113 Exercise 6.3: Assign Layers 113 Control Layer Visibility 116 Exercise 6.4: Toggle Layer Status 116 Exercise 6.5: Isolate Layers 118 Exercise 6.6: Save Layer States 120 Apply Linetype 121 Exercise 6.7: Use Linetype 122 Assign Properties by Object or by Layer 125 Exercise 6.8: Assign Properties 125 Manage Layer Properties 126 Exercise 6.9: Control Layer Properties 126 Isolate Objects 128 Exercise 6.10: Isolate and Hide Individual Objects 128 Chapter 7 Organizing Objects 131 Define Blocks 131 Exercise 7.1: Draw a Chair and Define It as a Block 132 Exercise 7.2: Draw a Door and Define It as a Block 135 Insert Blocks 137 Exercise 7.3: Use Blocks 137 Edit Blocks 141 Exercise 7.4: Edit Block Definitions 142 Exercise 7.5: Assign Floating Properties 143 Exercise 7.6: Nest Blocks 145 Exercise 7.7: Explode Blocks 147t e n t s Redefine Blocks 148 Exercise 7.8: Redefine Block Definitions 148 Work with Groups 151 Exercise 7.9: Create Groups 151 Chapter 8 Hatching and Gradients 155 Specify Hatch Areas 155 Exercise 8.1: Pick Points to Determine Boundaries 155 Exercise 8.2: Select Objects to Define Boundaries 159 Associate Hatches with Boundaries 161 Exercise 8.3: Associate Boundaries 161 Hatch with Patterns 163 Exercise 8.4: Specify Properties 164 Exercise 8.5: Separate Hatch Areas 165 Hatch with Gradients 168 Exercise 8.6: Create Gradients 168 Chapter 9 Working with Blocks and Xrefs 171 Work with Global Blocks 171 Exercise 9.1: Write a Local Block Definition to a File 171 Exercise 9.2: Insert a Drawing as a Local Block 175 Exercise 9.3: Redefine Local Blocks with Global Blocks 177 Access Content Globally 179 Exercise 9.4: Access Global Content 179 Store Content on Tool Palettes 180 Exercise 9.5: Add to the Tool Palettes 180 Reference External Drawings and Images 183 Exercise 9.6: Use Xrefs 183 Chapter 10 Creating and Editing Text 189 Style Text 189 Exercise 10.1: Create Text Styles 189 Write Lines of Text 191 Exercise 10.2: Create Text to Fit 191 Exercise 10.3: Justify Text 193 Exercise 10.4: Transform and Create Text 194 Write and Format Paragraphs Using MTEXT 197 Exercise 10.5: Write and Format with MTEXT 197t Edit Text 200 Exercise 10.6: Edit Content and Properties 201 Exercise 10.7: Work with Columns 202 Recognize and Combine Text 203 Exercise 10.8: Import, Recognize, and Combine Text from PDF 204 Chapter 11 Dimensioning 209 Style Dimensions 209 Exercise 11.1: Create Dimension Styles 210 Add Dimensions 215 Exercise 11.2: Use Inquiry Commands 215 Exercise 11.3: Add Dimension Objects 218 Exercise 11.4: Add and Style Multileaders 222 Edit Dimensions 223 Exercise 11.5: Alter Dimension Objects 223 Chapter 12 Keeping In Control with Constraints 227 Work with Geometric Constraints 227 Exercise 12.1: Use Geometric Constraints 227 Apply Dimensional Constraints 230 Exercise 12.2: Create Dimensional Constraints 231 Constrain Objects Simultaneously with Geometry and Dimensions 234 Exercise 12.3: Use Simultaneous Constraints 234 Make Parametric Changes to Constrained Objects 236 Exercise 12.4: Alter Constraint Parameters 237 Chapter 13 Working with Layouts and Annotative Objects 239 Create Annotative Styles and Objects 239 Exercise 13.1: Work with Annotative Text 240 Exercise 13.2: Work with Annotative Dimensions 243 Create Layouts 245 Exercise 13.3: Configure Layouts 245 Adjust Floating Viewports 248 Exercise 13.4: Work on Layout1 249 Exercise 13.5: Work on Layout2 252 Override Layer Properties in Layout Viewports 254 Exercise 13.6: Override Layer Properties 255 Draw on Layouts 256 Exercise 13.7: Lay Out Geometry 256on t e n t s Introduction xiii Chapter 1 Get ting Star ted 1 Sign In to Autodesk 360 on the Start Tab 1 Exercise 1.1: Configure Autodesk 360 1 Explore the AutoCAD 2018 for Windows User Interface 4 Exercise 1.2: Explore the Graphical User Interface 4 Exercise 1.3: Control the AutoCAD Ribbon 9 Set Drawing Units 13 Exercise 1.4: Set the AutoCAD Drawing Units 14 Chapter 2 Gaining Basic Drawing Skills 17 Navigate 2D Drawings 17 Exercise 2.1: Navigate a Drawing 17 Draw Lines and Rectangles 21 Exercise 2.2: Draw Lines 21 Exercise 2.3: Draw Rectangles 24 Cancel, Erase, and Undo 25 Exercise 2.4: Correct Mistakes 25 Use Coordinate Systems 27 Exercise 2.5: Use Absolute Coordinates 27 Exercise 2.6: Use Relative Coordinates 28 Exercise 2.7: Use Polar Coordinates 29 Draw Circles, Arcs, and Polygons 33 Exercise 2.8: Create Circles 33 Exercise 2.9: Create Arcs 36 Exercise 2.10: Draw Polygons 38 Use Fillet and Chamfer 40 Exercise 2.11: Join Nonparallel Lines 40 Exercise 2.12: Join Crossed Lines with Fillet 41 Chapter 3 Using Drawing Aids 43 Use Grid and Snap 43 Exercise 3.1: Draw with Grid and Snap 44t e n t s Employ Ortho and Polar Tracking 47 Exercise 3.2: Draw with Ortho and Polar Tracking 47 Use PolarSnap 48 Exercise 3.3: Draw with PolarSnap 49 Select Running Object Snaps 51 Exercise 3.4: Draw with Running Object Snaps 51 Harness the From Snap 54 Exercise 3.5: Use the From Snap 54 Apply Object Snap Tracking 55 Exercise 3.6: Use Object Snap Tracking 55 Chapter 4 Editing Entities 59 Create Selection Sets 59 Exercise 4.1: Create a Selection Set at the Select Objects: Prompt 60 Exercise 4.2: Create a Selection Set Before Deciding on a Command 62 Use Move and Copy 66 Exercise 4.3: Move and Copy 66 Use Rotate and Scale 70 Exercise 4.4: Rotate and Scale 70 Work with Arrays 73 Exercise 4.5: Create a Rectangular Array 74 Exercise 4.6: Create a Polar Array 75 Use Trim and Extend 77 Exercise 4.7: Trim and Measure 77 Use Lengthen and Stretch 78 Exercise 4.8: Lengthen and Stretch 79 Use Offset and Mirror 80 Exercise 4.9: Offset and Mirror 80 Edit with Grips 82 Exercise 4.10: Edit with Grips 83 Chapter 5 Shaping Curves 85 Draw and Edit Curved Polylines 85 Exercise 5.1: Draw and Edit Curved Polylines 85 Draw Ellipses 91 Exercise 5.2: Draw Ellipses 91 Shape Splines 93 Exercise 5.3: Work with Control Vertices 94 Exercise 5.4: Work with Fit Points 98 Blend Between Objects with Splines 101 Exercise 5.5: Blend Splines 102 Chapter 6 Controlling Object Visibility and Appearance 105 Change Object Properties 105 Exercise 6.1: Edit Object Properties 106 Set the Current Layer 109 Exercise 6.2: Choose the Current Layer 110 Alter the Layer Assignments of Objects 113 Exercise 6.3: Assign Layers 113 Control Layer Visibility 116 Exercise 6.4: Toggle Layer Status 116 Exercise 6.5: Isolate Layers 118 Exercise 6.6: Save Layer States 120 Apply Linetype 121 Exercise 6.7: Use Linetype 122 Assign Properties by Object or by Layer 125 Exercise 6.8: Assign Properties 125 Manage Layer Properties 126 Exercise 6.9: Control Layer Properties 126 Isolate Objects 128 Exercise 6.10: Isolate and Hide Individual Objects 128 Chapter 7 Organizing Objects 131 Define Blocks 131 Exercise 7.1: Draw a Chair and Define It as a Block 132 Exercise 7.2: Draw a Door and Define It as a Block 135 Insert Blocks 137 Exercise 7.3: Use Blocks 137 Edit Blocks 141 Exercise 7.4: Edit Block Definitions 142 Exercise 7.5: Assign Floating Properties 143 Exercise 7.6: Nest Blocks 145 Exercise 7.7: Explode Blocks 147t e n t s Redefine Blocks 148 Exercise 7.8: Redefine Block Definitions 148 Work with Groups 151 Exercise 7.9: Create Groups 151 Chapter 8 Hatching and Gradients 155 Specify Hatch Areas 155 Exercise 8.1: Pick Points to Determine Boundaries 155 Exercise 8.2: Select Objects to Define Boundaries 159 Associate Hatches with Boundaries 161 Exercise 8.3: Associate Boundaries 161 Hatch with Patterns 163 Exercise 8.4: Specify Properties 164 Exercise 8.5: Separate Hatch Areas 165 Hatch with Gradients 168 Exercise 8.6: Create Gradients 168 Chapter 9 Working with Blocks and Xrefs 171 Work with Global Blocks 171 Exercise 9.1: Write a Local Block Definition to a File 171 Exercise 9.2: Insert a Drawing as a Local Block 175 Exercise 9.3: Redefine Local Blocks with Global Blocks 177 Access Content Globally 179 Exercise 9.4: Access Global Content 179 Store Content on Tool Palettes 180 Exercise 9.5: Add to the Tool Palettes 180 Reference External Drawings and Images 183 Exercise 9.6: Use Xrefs 183 Chapter 10 Creating and Editing Text 189 Style Text 189 Exercise 10.1: Create Text Styles 189 Write Lines of Text 191 Exercise 10.2: Create Text to Fit 191 Exercise 10.3: Justify Text 193 Exercise 10.4: Transform and Create Text 194 Write and Format Paragraphs Using MTEXT 197 Exercise 10.5: Write and Format with MTEXT 197t Edit Text 200 Exercise 10.6: Edit Content and Properties 201 Exercise 10.7: Work with Columns 202 Recognize and Combine Text 203 Exercise 10.8: Import, Recognize, and Combine Text from PDF 204 Chapter 11 Dimensioning 209 Style Dimensions 209 Exercise 11.1: Create Dimension Styles 210 Add Dimensions 215 Exercise 11.2: Use Inquiry Commands 215 Exercise 11.3: Add Dimension Objects 218 Exercise 11.4: Add and Style Multileaders 222 Edit Dimensions 223 Exercise 11.5: Alter Dimension Objects 223 Chapter 12 Keeping In Control with Constraints 227 Work with Geometric Constraints 227 Exercise 12.1: Use Geometric Constraints 227 Apply Dimensional Constraints 230 Exercise 12.2: Create Dimensional Constraints 231 Constrain Objects Simultaneously with Geometry and Dimensions 234 Exercise 12.3: Use Simultaneous Constraints 234 Make Parametric Changes to Constrained Objects 236 Exercise 12.4: Alter Constraint Parameters 237 Chapter 13 Working with Layouts and Annotative Objects 239 Create Annotative Styles and Objects 239 Exercise 13.1: Work with Annotative Text 240 Exercise 13.2: Work with Annotative Dimensions 243 Create Layouts 245 Exercise 13.3: Configure Layouts 245 Adjust Floating Viewports 248 Exercise 13.4: Work on Layout1 249 Exercise 13.5: Work on Layout2 252 Override Layer Properties in Layout Viewports 254 Exercise 13.6: Override Layer Properties 255 Draw on Layouts 256 Exercise 13.7: Lay Out Geometry 256on t e n t s Chapter 14 Printing and Plot ting 261 Configure Output Devices 261 Exercise 14.1: Set Up a System Printer 262 Exercise 14.2: Set Up an AutoCAD Plotter 262 Create Plot Style Tables 265 Exercise 14.3: Create a Named Plot Style Table 265 Use Plot Style Tables 267 Exercise 14.4: Configure New Drawings for Named Plot Style Tables 267 Exercise 14.5: Assign Plot Styles by Layer or by Object 270 Plot in Model Space 273 Exercise 14.6: Plot from Model Space 273 Plot Layouts in Paper Space 277 Exercise 14.7: Plot from Paper Space 277 Export to an Electronic Format 280 Exercise 14.8: Export to DWF 281 Exercise 14.9: Export to PDF 282 Exercise 14.10: Share Design Views 284 Chapter 15 Working with Data 287 Geolocate Projects 287 Exercise 15.1: Geolocate a Drawing 288 Import SketchUp Models 292 Exercise 15.2: Import a SketchUp Model 292 Define Attributes and Blocks 293 Exercise 15.3: Define Attributes and a Block 294 Insert Attributed Blocks 298 Exercise 15.4: Insert Block References with Attributes 298 Edit Table Styles and Create Tables 300 Exercise 15.5: Alter a Table Style and Make a Table 300 Use Fields in Table Cells 305 Exercise 15.6: Create Fields 305 Edit Table Data 308 Exercise 15.7: Alter Table Data 308 Chapter 16 Navigating 3D Models 317 Use Visual Styles 317 Exercise 16.1: Explore Visual Styles 318 Work with Tiled Viewports 322 Exercise 16.2: Tile Viewports 322 Navigate with the ViewCube 324 Exercise 16.3: Use the ViewCube to Navigate 324 Orbit in 3D 326 Exercise 16.4: Orbit 326 Use Cameras 328 Exercise 16.5: Utilize Virtual Cameras 328 Navigate with SteeringWheels 331 Exercise 16.6: Use SteeringWheels to Navigate 331 Save Views 334 Exercise 16.7: Save Views 334 Chapter 17 Modeling in 3D 337 Create Surface Models 337 Exercise 17.1: Make Planar Surfaces 338 Exercise 17.2: Revolve a 2D Profile to Create a 3D Model 339 Exercise 17.3: Sweep Out 3D Geometry 340 Exercise 17.4: Extrude 2D Geometry into 3D 342 Edit Surface Models 344 Exercise 17.5: Trim Surfaces with Other Surfaces 344 Exercise 17.6: Project Edges on Surfaces 345 Exercise 17.7: Trim Surfaces with Edges 348 Create Solid Models 350 Exercise 17.8: Extrude Solid Objects 350 Exercise 17.9: Loft Solid Objects 354 Edit Solid Models 356 Exercise 17.10: Perform Boolean Operations 356 Exercise 17.11: Edit Solids 359 Smooth Mesh Models 363 Exercise 17.12: Create, Edit, and Smooth Mesh 363 Live-Section Models 365 Exercise 17.13: Create and Edit a Section Plane 365 Chapter 18 Presenting and Documenting 3D Design 369 Assign Materials 370 Exercise 18.1: Apply Materials 370t e n t s Place and Adjust Lights 376 Exercise 18.2: Add Artificial Lights 376 Exercise 18.3: Simulate Natural Light 382 Create Renderings 383 Exercise 18.4: Make Realistic Renderings in the Cloud 383 Document Models with Drawings 387 Exercise 18.5: Document Models 387 Appendix A Making Isometric Drawings 393 Appendix B Autodesk™ AutoCAD™ 2018 Certif ication 399 Index 403 Configure Output Devices 261 Exercise 14.1: Set Up a System Printer 262 Exercise 14.2: Set Up an AutoCAD Plotter 262 Create Plot Style Tables 265 Exercise 14.3: Create a Named Plot Style Table 265 Use Plot Style Tables 267 Exercise 14.4: Configure New Drawings for Named Plot Style Tables 267 Exercise 14.5: Assign Plot Styles by Layer or by Object 270 Plot in Model Space 273 Exercise 14.6: Plot from Model Space 273 Plot Layouts in Paper Space 277 Exercise 14.7: Plot from Paper Space 277 Export to an Electronic Format 280 Exercise 14.8: Export to DWF 281 Exercise 14.9: Export to PDF 282 Exercise 14.10: Share Design Views 284 Chapter 15 Working with Data 287 Geolocate Projects 287 Exercise 15.1: Geolocate a Drawing 288 Import SketchUp Models 292 Exercise 15.2: Import a SketchUp Model 292 Define Attributes and Blocks 293 Exercise 15.3: Define Attributes and a Block 294 Insert Attributed Blocks 298 Exercise 15.4: Insert Block References with Attributes 298 Edit Table Styles and Create Tables 300 Exercise 15.5: Alter a Table Style and Make a Table 300 Use Fields in Table Cells 305 Exercise 15.6: Create Fields 305 Edit Table Data 308 Exercise 15.7: Alter Table Data 308 Chapter 16 Navigating 3D Models 317 Use Visual Styles 317 Exercise 16.1: Explore Visual Styles 318 Work with Tiled Viewports 322 Exercise 16.2: Tile Viewports 322 Navigate with the ViewCube 324 Exercise 16.3: Use the ViewCube to Navigate 324 Orbit in 3D 326 Exercise 16.4: Orbit 326 Use Cameras 328 Exercise 16.5: Utilize Virtual Cameras 328 Navigate with SteeringWheels 331 Exercise 16.6: Use SteeringWheels to Navigate 331 Save Views 334 Exercise 16.7: Save Views 334 Chapter 17 Modeling in 3D 337 Create Surface Models 337 Exercise 17.1: Make Planar Surfaces 338 Exercise 17.2: Revolve a 2D Profile to Create a 3D Model 339 Exercise 17.3: Sweep Out 3D Geometry 340 Exercise 17.4: Extrude 2D Geometry into 3D 342 Edit Surface Models 344 Exercise 17.5: Trim Surfaces with Other Surfaces 344 Exercise 17.6: Project Edges on Surfaces 345 Exercise 17.7: Trim Surfaces with Edges 348 Create Solid Models 350 Exercise 17.8: Extrude Solid Objects 350 Exercise 17.9: Loft Solid Objects 354 Edit Solid Models 356 Exercise 17.10: Perform Boolean Operations 356 Exercise 17.11: Edit Solids 359 Smooth Mesh Models 363 Exercise 17.12: Create, Edit, and Smooth Mesh 363 Live-Section Models 365 Exercise 17.13: Create and Edit a Section Plane 365 Chapter 18 Presenting and Documenting 3D Design 369 Assign Materials 370 Exercise 18.1: Apply Materials 370t e n t s Place and Adjust Lights 376 Exercise 18.2: Add Artificial Lights 376 Exercise 18.3: Simulate Natural Light 382 Create Renderings 383 Exercise 18.4: Make Realistic Renderings in the Cloud 383 Document Models with Drawings 387 Exercise 18.5: Document Models 387 Appendix A Making Isometric Drawings 393 Appendix B Autodesk™ AutoCAD™ 2018 Certif ication 399 Index 403

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Book SynopsisProvides a thorough introduction to the development, operation, maintenance, and troubleshooting of mobile communications systems Mobile Communications Systems Development: A Practical Introduction for System Understanding, Implementation, and Deployment is a comprehensive how to manual for mobile communications system design, deployment, and support. Providing a detailed overview of end-to-end system development, the book encompasses operation, maintenance, and troubleshooting of currently available mobile communication technologies and systems. Readers are introduced to different network architectures, standardization, protocols, and functions including 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G networks, and the 3GPP standard. In-depth chapters cover the entire protocol stack from the Physical (PHY) to the Application layer, discuss theoretical and practical considerations, and describe software implementation based on the 3GPP standardized technical specifications. The book includes figures, tables, and sample computer code to help readers thoroughly comprehend the functions and underlying concepts of a mobile communications network. Each chapter includes an introduction to the topic and a chapter summary. A full list of references, and a set of exercises are also provided at the end of the book to test comprehension and strengthen understanding of the material. Written by a respected professional with more than 20 years' experience in the field, this highly practical guide: Provides detailed introductory information on GSM, GPRS, UMTS, and LTE mobile communications systems and networksDescribes the various aspects and areas of the LTE system air interface and its protocol layersCovers troubleshooting and resolution of mobile communications systems and networks issuesDiscusses the software and hardware platforms used for the development of mobile communications systems network elementsIncludes 5G use cases, enablers, and architectures that cover the 5G NR (New Radio) and 5G Core Network Mobile Communications Systems Development is perfect for graduate and postdoctoral students studying mobile communications and telecom design, electronic engineering undergraduate students in their final year, research and development engineers, and network operation and maintenance personnel.Trade Review"The author provides a comprehensive summary on the mobile communications systems covering 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G. The great addition to the theoretical foundations are practical elements including system operation and development aspects, with multitude practical examples and self-assessment. This handbook shall be useful for telecom practitioners including radio and core network engineers. It’s also a good source for software engineers from a different domain who would like to enter the telco domain. It shall be of interest to those, especially in present times where IT, software development and mobile communications are closer to each other than ever before."- Marcin Dryjański, Ph.D., PRINCIPAL CONSULTANT / CEOTable of ContentsAbout the Author xiv Preface xv Acknowledgments xviii List of Abbreviations xix 1 Introduction 1 Part I Network Architectures, Standardization, Protocols, and Functions 3 2 Network Architectures, Standardizations Process 5 2.1 Network Elements and Basic Networks Architectures 5 2.1.1 GSM (2G) Network Architecture 6 2.1.2 General Packet Radio Service (GPRS-2.5G) Network Architecture 7 2.1.3 Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (3G) Network Architecture 7 2.1.4 LTE (4G) Network Architecture 8 2.1.5 GSM, UMTS, LTE, and 5G Network Elements: A Comparison 9 2.1.6 Circuit Switched (CS) vs Packet Switched (PS) 9 2.2 Mobile Communication Network Domains 10 2.2.1 AN Domain 10 2.2.2 Core Network (CN) Domain 11 2.2.3 Network Domains and Its Elements 11 2.2.4 Example: End-to-End Mobile Network Information Flow 12 2.2.5 Example: GSM MO Call 13 2.3 Mobile Communications Systems Evolutions 14 2.3.1 Evolutions of Air Interface 14 2.3.2 Evolutions of 3GPP Networks Architectures 16 2.4 Mobile Communications Network System Engineering 19 2.4.1 Mobility Management 19 2.4.2 Air Interface Management 20 2.4.3 Subscribers and Services Management 20 2.4.4 Security Management 20 2.4.5 Network Maintenance 20 2.5 Standardizations of Mobile Communications Networks 21 2.5.1 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) 21 2.5.2 3GPP Working Groups 21 2.5.3 3GPP Technical Specification and Technical Report 22 2.5.4 Stages of a 3GPP Technical Specification 22 2.5.5 Release Number of 3GPP Technical Specification 22 2.5.6 3GPP Technical Specification Numbering Nomenclature 23 2.5.7 Vocabulary of 3GPP Specifications 24 2.5.8 Examples in a 3GPP Technical Specification 24 2.5.9 Standardization of Technical Specifications by 3GPP 24 2.5.10 Scope of 3GPP Technical Specification (TS) 24 2.5.11 3GPP TS for General Description of a Protocol Layer 25 2.5.12 3GPP TS Drafting Rules: Deriving Requirements 25 2.5.13 Download 3GPP Technical Specifications 25 2.5.14 3GPP Change Requests 26 2.5.15 Learnings from 3GPP Meetings TDocs 26 2.6 3GPP Releases and Its Features 26 Chapter Summary 27 3 Protocols, Interfaces, and Architectures 29 3.1 Protocol Interface and Its Stack 29 3.1.1 Physical Interface 30 3.1.2 Logical Interface 30 3.1.3 Logical Interfaces’ Names and Their Protocol Stack 33 3.1.4 Examples of Logical Interface and Its Protocol Layers 35 3.2 Classifications of Protocol Layers 36 3.2.1 Control Plane or Signaling Protocols 36 3.2.2 User Plane Protocols 38 3.3 Grouping of UMTS, LTE, and 5G Air Interface Protocol Layers 39 3.3.1 Access Stratum (AS): UMTS UE – UTRAN; LTE UE – E-UTRAN;5G UE - NG-RAN 39 3.3.2 Non-Access Stratum: UMTS UE – CN, LTE UE – EPC; 5G UE-Core 41 3.4 Initialization of a Logical Interface 42 3.5 Protocol Layer Termination 43 3.6 Protocol Sublayers 43 3.7 Protocol Conversion 44 3.8 Working Model of a 3GPP Protocol Layer: Services and Functions 45 3.9 General Protocol Model Between RAN and CN (UMTS, LTE, 5G) 46 3.10 Multiple Transport Networks, Protocols, and Physical Layer Interfaces 47 3.11 How to Identify and Understand Protocol Architectures 49 3.11.1 Identifying a Logical Interface, Protocol Stack, and Its Layers 49 3.11.2 Identification of Technical Requirements Using Interface Name 51 3.12 Protocol Layer Procedures over CN Interfaces 51 3.12.1 Similar Functions and Procedures over the CN Interfaces 52 3.12.2 Specific Functions and Procedures over the CN Interfaces 53 Chapter Summary 54 4 Encoding and Decoding of Messages 55 4.1 Description and Encoding/Decoding of Air Interface Messages 55 4.1.1 Encoding/Decoding: Air Interface Layer 3 Messages 56 4.1.2 Encoding/Decoding: LTE and 5G NR Layer 2: RLC Protocol 60 4.1.3 Encoding/Decoding: LTE and 5G NR Layer 2: MAC Protocol 60 4.1.4 CSN.1 Encoding/Decoding: GPRS Layer 2 Protocol (RLC/MAC) 60 4.1.5 ASN.1 Encoding/Decoding: UMTS, LTE, and 5G NR Layer 3 Protocol 61 4.1.6 Direct/Indirect Encoding Method 62 4.1.7 Segmented Messages over the Air Interface 63 4.1.8 Piggybacking a Signaling Message 63 4.2 Encoding/Decoding of Signaling Messages: RAN and CN 64 Chapter Summary 65 5 Network Elements: Identities and Its Addressing 67 5.1 Network Elements and Their Identities 67 5.2 Permanent Identities 68 5.3 Temporary Identities Assigned by CN 69 5.3.1 GSM System Temporary Identities 69 5.3.2 GPRS System Temporary Identities 69 5.3.3 LTE/EPS System Temporary Identities 70 5.4 Temporary Identities Assigned by RAN: RNTI 72 5.5 Usages of Network Identities 73 5.6 Native and Mapped Network Identities 73 5.7 LTE UE Application Protocol Identity 75 Chapter Summary 76 6 Interworking and Interoperations of Mobile Communications Networks 77 6.1 Requirements and Types of Interworking 77 6.2 Interworking Through Enhanced Network Elements 78 6.2.1 Interworking for Voice Call Through IMS: VoLTE 79 6.2.1.1 IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) 80 6.2.1.2 UE Registration and Authentication 81 6.2.2 Interworking for VoLTE Call Through LTE/EPS: SRVCC 83 6.2.3 Interworking for Voice Call Through LTE/EPS: CSFB 85 6.3 Interworking Through Legacy Network Elements 88 6.4 Interworking Between LTE/EPS and 5G Systems 89 6.5 Interoperations of Networks: LTE/EPS Roaming 90 6.5.1 Roaming Through Interoperations of Enhanced Networks Elements 90 6.5.2 Roaming Through Interoperations of Legacy Networks Elements 92 6.6 UE Mode of Operation 92 6.7 Function of E-UTRAN in a VoLTE Call 95 Chapter Summary 95 7 Load Balancing and Network Sharing 97 7.1 Core Network Elements Load Balancing 97 7.1.1 Identification of NAS Node: NRI and Its Source 99 7.1.2 NAS Node Selection Function 99 7.2 Network Sharing 102 7.2.1 GSM/GPRS/LTE RAN Sharing Through MOCN Feature 103 7.2.2 5G NG‐RAN Sharing Through MOCN Feature (Release 16) 109 Chapter Summary 110 8 Packets Encapsulations and Their Routing 111 8.1 User Data Packets Encapsulations 111 8.1.1 Packets Encapsulations at the CN and RAN 112 8.1.1.1 GPRS Tunneling Protocol ( GTP) 112 8.1.1.2 GTP Functions 112 8.1.1.3 GTP User Plane PDU: G-PDU 113 8.1.1.4 GTP Control Plane PDU 114 8.1.1.5 Example: GTP and Packet Encapsulations at LTE EPC 115 8.1.2 Packet Encapsulations over Air Interface 115 8.2 IP Packet Routing in Mobile Communications Networks 116 8.3 IP Header Compression and Decompression 117 Chapter Summary 119 9 Security Features in Mobile Communications Networks 121 9.1 A Brief on the Security Architecture: Features and Mechanisms 121 9.2 Security Features and Its Mechanisms 123 9.3 GSM Security Procedures 126 9.4 UMTS, LTE, and 5G: AS and NAS Layer Security Procedures 127 9.5 Security Contexts 130 9.6 Security Interworking 130 Chapter Summary 132 Part II Operations and Maintenances 133 10 Alarms and Faults Managements 135 10.1 Network Elements Alarm and Its Classifications 135 10.2 Sources of Abnormal Events and Alarms 136 10.3 Identifying Sources of Alarms from 3GPP TSs 136 10.3.1 Abnormal Conditions 136 10.3.2 Protocol Layer Error Handling 137 10.3.3 Abnormal Conditions Due to Local Errors 138 10.4 Design and Implementation of an Alarm Management System 138 10.4.1 Design and Components of an Alarm 139 10.4.2 Alarm Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) 139 10.4.3 Alarm Database 139 10.5 Alarm Due to Protocol Error 140 10.5.1 Sample Protocol Error Alarm Description 142 10.6 Alarm Due to Abnormal Conditions 142 10.6.1 Normal Scenario 143 10.6.2 Abnormal Scenario 143 10.6.3 Sample Alarm Description 144 10.6.4 Sample Alarm Generation 145 10.6.5 Sample Protocol Error Alarm Generation 145 10.7 How to Troubleshoot Protocol Error Using the Alarm Data 146 Chapter Summary 146 11 Performance Measurements and Optimizations of Mobile Communications Networks 147 11.1 Counters for Performance Measurements and Optimizations 147 11.2 Performance and Optimizations Management System 149 11.3 Key Performance Indicator (KPI) 150 11.3.1 What Is a KPI? 150 11.3.2 KPI Domains 150 11.3.3 KPI for Signaling or Control Plane 152 11.3.4 KPI for User or Data Plane 153 11.3.5 KPI Categories 154 11.3.6 KPI Evaluation Steps 155 11.3.7 Troubleshooting and Improving KPI 156 11.3.8 Components of a KPI Definition 157 Chapter Summary 157 12 Troubleshooting of Mobile Communications Networks Issues 159 12.1 Air Interface-Related Issues 159 12.1.1 Drive Test, Data Collection, and Its Analysis 160 12.2 Debugging Issues with IP-Based Logical Interface 160 12.2.1 IP Protocol Analyzer 161 12.2.2 Network/Application Throughput Issue 161 12.2.3 Switch Port Mirroring 161 12.3 Conformance Testing Issues 162 12.3.1 Example: Mobile Device (MS)/User Equipment (UE) Conformance Test 163 12.3.2 Example: Location Area Update Request 163 12.4 Interoperability Testing (IOT) Issues 164 12.5 Interworking Issues 165 12.6 Importance of Log/Traces and Its Collections 166 12.7 Steps for Troubleshooting 167 Chapter Summary 170 Part III Mobile Communications Systems Development 171 13 Core Software Development Fundamentals 173 13.1 A Brief on Software Development Fundamentals 173 13.1.1 Requirements Phase 174 13.1.2 Design 174 13.1.3 Implementation 175 13.1.4 Integration and Testing 175 13.1.5 Operation and Maintenance 175 13.2 Hardware Platforms: Embedded System, Linux Versus PC 176 13.2.1 System Development Using Embedded System Board 176 13.2.2 System Development Using Multicore Hardware Platform 177 13.2.2.1 What Is a Core? 178 13.2.2.2 Network Element Development Using Multicore Platform 178 13.2.2.3 Runtime Choices of Multicore Processor 178 13.2.2.4 Software Programming Model for Multicore Processor 179 13.3 Selecting Software Platforms and Features 179 13.3.1 Selecting Available Data/Logical Structures 180 13.3.1.1 Advanced Data Structures 180 13.3.1.2 How Data Structure Affects the Application’s Performance 180 13.3.2 Selecting an Operating System Services/Facilities 181 13.3.2.1 Advance Features of Operating System: IPC 181 13.4 Software Simulators for a Mobile Communications Network 184 13.5 Software Root Causes and Their Debugging 185 13.5.1 Incorrect Usages of Software Library System Calls/APIs 185 13.5.2 Incorrect Usages of System Resources 185 13.5.3 Bad Software Programming Practices 185 13.6 Static Code Analysis of Software 186 13.7 Software Architecture and Software Organization 186 13.8 System and Software Requirements Analysis 188 13.9 Software Quality: Reliability, Scalability, and Availability 188 13.9.1 Reliability 188 13.9.2 Scalability 188 13.9.3 Availability 188 Chapter Summary 189 14 Protocols, Protocol Stack Developments, and Testing 191 14.1 Components of a 3GPP Protocol TS 191 14.2 3GPP Protocol Layer Structured Procedure Description 193 14.3 Protocol Layer Communications 194 14.3.1 Layer-to-Layer Communication Using Service Primitives 195 14.3.2 Layer-to-Layer Communication: SAP 196 14.3.3 Peer-to-Peer Layer Communication: PDU and Service Data Unit (SDU) 197 14.3.4 Types of PDU 198 14.3.5 Formats of PDU 198 14.4 Air Interface Message Format: Signaling Layer 3 198 14.4.1 A Brief on the Air Interface Layer 3 Protocol Stack 198 14.4.2 Classification of Layer 3 Messages 199 14.4.3 Layer 3 Protocol Header: Signaling Message Format 200 14.4.4 Layer 3 Protocol Header: Protocol Discriminator 202 14.4.5 Layer 3 Protocol Header: GSM, GPRS Skip Indicator 202 14.4.6 Layer 3 Protocol Header: GSM, GPRS Transaction Identifier 204 14.4.7 Layer 3 Protocol Header: LTE/EPS Bearer Identity 204 14.4.8 Layer 3 Protocol Header: 5GSM PDU Session Identity 204 14.4.9 Constructing a Layer 3 Message 204 14.4.10 Security Protected LTE/EPS and 5G NAS Layer MM Messages 205 14.4.11 Layer 3 Protocol Layer’s Message Dump 207 14.5 Air Interface Message Format: Layer 2 207 14.6 RAN – CN Signaling Messages 208 14.6.1 Protocol Layer Elementary Procedure 208 14.6.2 Types and Classes of EPs 210 14.6.3 EPs Code 210 14.6.4 Criticality of IE 211 14.6.5 Types of Protocol Errors and Its Handling 211 14.6.6 Choices of Triggering Message 212 14.6.7 Message Type 212 14.6.8 Message Description 212 14.6.9 Example: LTE/EPS S1 Interface: S1 Setup Procedure 213 14.7 Modes Operation of a Protocol Layer 213 14.8 Example of a Protocol Primitive and PDU Definition 215 14.9 Example of a Protocol Layer Frame Header Definition 216 14.10 Examples of System Parameters 216 14.11 Examples of Protocol Information Elements and Its Identifier 217 14.12 3GPP Release Specific Changes Implementation 218 14.13 Examples of Protocol Messages Types 219 14.14 Protocol Layer Timer Handling 219 14.15 Protocol Layer Development Using State Machine 222 14.16 Protocol Layer Development Using Message Passing 224 14.17 Protocol Layer Data and its Types 225 14.18 Protocol Layer Control and Configuration 226 14.19 Protocol Context Information 227 14.20 Protocol Layer Message Padding 228 14.21 Device Driver Development 229 14.22 Guidelines for Protocol Stack/Layer Development 230 14.23 Software Profiling, Tools and Performance Improvement 231 14.24 Protocol Stack Testing and Validation 231 Chapter Summary 233 15 Deriving Requirements Specifications from a TS 235 15.1 3GPP Protocol Layer Procedures 235 15.1.1 LTE UE Mode of Operation Requirements 236 15.1.2 LTE UE ATTACH Procedure Requirements 236 15.1.3 LTE UE DETACH Procedure Requirements 237 15.1.4 LTE UE Tracking Area Update Procedure Requirements 237 15.2 3GPP System Feature Development Requirements 238 15.2.1 Identification of System/Network Elements Interfaces Changes 238 15.2.2 Identifications of Impacts on Performance 238 15.2.3 Identifications of Impacts on Feature Management 239 15.2.4 Identification of Interworking Requirements with Existing Features 239 15.2.5 Charging and Accounting Aspects 239 15.3 Example Feature: Radio Access Network Sharing 239 15.3.1 Effects on Network Elements 239 15.3.2 Effects on Logical Interfaces 240 15.3.3 Selection of Core Network Operator: PLMN Id 241 15.4 Example: Interworking/Interoperations 242 15.4.1 Circuit-Switched Fall Back (CSFB) 242 15.4.2 Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (SRVCC) 243 15.5 3GPP System Feature and High-Level Design 244 Chapter Summary 245 Part IV 5G System and Network 247 16 5G Network: Use Cases and Architecture 249 16.1 5G System (5GS) Use Cases 249 16.1.1 Enablers and Key Principles of 5GS Use Cases 250 16.1.2 Other Enablers in 5G System 253 16.2 Support of Legacy Services by 5G System 253 16.3 5G System Network Architecture 254 16.3.1 3GPP Access Architecture 254 16.3.2 Non-3GPP Access Architecture 256 16.4 5G System NG–RAN/gNB Logical Architecture 256 16.5 5GC System Architecture Elements 259 16.6 5G System Deployment Solutions 260 16.6.1 E–UTRA–NR Dual Connectivity (EN–DC) for NSA Deployment 261 16.7 5G System and LTE/EPS Interworking 265 16.7.1 RAN-Level Interworking 265 16.7.2 Core Network (CN) Level Interworking: N26 Interface 265 16.7.2.1 Single Registration Mode with N26 Interface 266 16.7.2.2 Dual Registration Mode: Without N26 Interface 266 16.8 5G System Native and Mapped Network Identities 268 16.8.1 Mobility Area Identifiers 268 16.8.2 UE/Subscriber Permanent Identifiers 269 16.8.3 Core Network Identifiers 269 16.8.4 RAN Identifiers 269 16.8.5 Core Network Temporary Identities 270 16.9 5G System Network Slicing 270 16.9.1 Identities for a Network Slice 271 16.9.2 Impacts of Network Slicing Feature 273 16.10 Management and Orchestration (MANO) of 5G Network 278 16.11 5G System Security 280 16.11.1 UE Authentication Frameworks and Methods 280 16.11.2 Primary Authentication and Secondary Authentication 282 16.11.3 Key Hierarchy and Authentication Vector 282 16.11.4 New Security Requirements in 5G System 283 16.11.5 Subscriber Identities/Privacy Protection 286 Chapter Summary 287 17 Introduction to GSM, UMTS, and LTE Systems Air Interface 289 17.1 Air Interfaces Protocol Architectures 289 17.2 Protocol Sublayers 290 17.3 Control Plane and User Plane Protocols 291 17.4 Protocols Domains Classifications 291 17.5 Access Stratum and Non-access Stratum 291 17.6 Message Formats 292 17.7 Security Over the Air Interface 293 17.8 Piggybacking for Reduction of Signaling Overhead 293 17.8.1 Examples Piggybacking of Signaling Messages 293 Chapter Summary 294 18 5G NR Air Interface: Control Plane Protocols 295 18.1 NR Control Plane Protocol Layers 295 18.2 Session Management (5G SM) Layer 296 18.2.1 Procedures of 5G SM Layer 297 18.2.2 PDU Session Types 298 18.2.3 PDU Session Service Continuity (SSC) 299 18.2.4 PDU Sessions for Network Slices 300 18.2.5 Session Management (SM) Layer States 301 18.3 Quality of Service (5G QoS) 301 18.3.1 LTE/EPS QoS Model: EPS Bearer 301 18.3.2 5GS QoS Model: QoS Flow 301 18.3.3 GTP-U Plane Tunnel for PDU Session 302 18.3.4 Service Data Flow and PCC Rule 302 18.3.5 Binding of Service Data Flow 303 18.3.6 QoS Profile and QFI 303 18.3.7 QoS Rule and QRI 305 18.3.8 Mapping QoS Flow to Data Radio Bearer 305 18.3.9 Downlink Data Flow Through GTP-U Plane Tunnels 307 18.4 Mobility Management (5G MM) Layer 308 18.4.1 Mobility Area Concepts and Identifiers 308 18.4.2 Requirements of Mobility Management Functions 313 18.4.3 Functions and Procedures of 5G MM Layer 314 18.4.4 Mobility Management Layer States 315 18.4.5 Connection Management (CM) and Service Request 316 18.4.6 Mobility Pattern of UE 317 18.5 RRC Layer 317 18.5.1 Functions and Procedures of RRC Layer 317 18.5.2 System Information (SI) Broadcast 318 18.5.3 RRC Layer States 319 18.5.4 RRC INACTIVE State 320 18.5.5 Mobility of UE 326 18.5.5.1 UE Mobility in RRC IDLE State 326 18.5.5.2 UE Mobility in RRC INACTIVE State 326 18.5.5.3 UE Mobility in RRC CONNECTED State 327 18.5.6 Admission Control 332 Chapter Summary 334 19 5G NR Air Interface 335 19.1 NR User Plane Protocol Layers 335 19.2 SDAP Layer 336 19.3 PDCP Layer 336 19.4 RLC Layer 340 19.5 MAC Layer 342 19.5.1 Functions and Procedures 342 19.5.2 Scheduling Procedure 344 19.5.3 Random Access Procedure 346 19.5.4 Error Correction Through HARQ Procedure 351 19.5.5 Buffer Status Reporting (BSR) Procedure 352 19.5.6 Scheduling Request (SR) Procedure 353 19.5.7 Low Latency in the NR Due to Configured Scheduling 353 19.5.8 MAC Layer PDU and Header Structures 354 19.5.9 How MAC Layer Ensures Low‐Latency Requirements 356 19.5.10 Channel Structures in NR 357 19.6 Physical Layer 359 19.6.1 Principles of Transmissions and Its Directions 360 19.6.2 Physical Layer Functions, Procedures, and Services 360 19.6.3 OFDM Symbol 363 19.6.4 NR Frame and Slot Format 364 19.6.4.1 Subcarrier Spacing (SCS)/Numerologies (μ) 364 19.6.4.2 Slots per NR Frame and Subframe 364 19.6.4.3 Slot Formats in TDD Mode 366 19.6.4.4 Dynamic TDD 367 19.6.5 Resource Grid and Resource Block 368 19.6.5.1 Control Resource Set (CORESET) 369 19.6.5.2 Common Resource Blocks (CRB) 370 19.6.5.3 Physical Resource Block (PRB) 370 19.6.5.4 Virtual Resource Block (VRB) 370 19.6.5.5 Interleaved and Non‐interleaved PRB Allocation 370 19.6.5.6 PRB Bundling and VRB to PRB Mapping 371 19.6.5.7 Reference Point “A” 371 19.6.6 Channel and Transmission Bandwidths 371 19.6.7 Bandwidth Part (BWP) 373 19.6.7.1 Types of BWP 374 19.6.7.2 BWP Configuration 375 19.6.7.3 BWP Switching and Associated Delay 376 19.6.8 NR Resource Allocations 377 19.6.8.1 Frequency Domain Resource Allocation for FDD Transmission 377 19.6.8.2 Time‐Domain Resources Allocation for FDD Transmission 380 19.6.8.3 Time‐Domain Resources Allocation for TDD 383 19.6.9 Transport Channels and Their Processing Chain 384 19.6.9.1 CRC Calculation and its Attachment to a Transport Block 385 19.6.9.2 Code Block Segmentation 385 19.6.9.3 Channel Encoding with LDPC 386 19.6.9.4 Rate Matching and Concatenation 387 19.6.9.5 Multiplexing of UL‐SCH Data and Uplink Control Information 388 19.6.9.6 LDPC Encoding Examples 388 19.6.10 Physical Channels and Their Processing Chain 390 19.6.10.1 Physical Channels 390 19.6.10.2 Channel Mappings 391 19.6.10.3 Multiple Physical Antenna Transmissions 392 19.6.10.4 Physical Channel Processing Chain 395 19.6.10.5 Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) 397 19.6.10.6 Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) and Information (UCI) 404 19.6.11 Code Block Group‐Based Transmission and Reception 405 19.6.12 Physical Signals 409 19.6.12.1 Reference Signals Transmitted as Part of Physical Channels 410 19.6.12.2 Sounding Reference Signals 412 19.6.13 Downlink Synchronization 414 19.6.14 Millimeter Wave Transmission, Beamforming, and Its Management 419 19.6.15 Cell‐Level Radio Link Monitoring (RLM) 424 19.6.16 RRM Measurements for UE Mobility 426 19.6.16.1 RRM Measurement Signals and Their Quantities 426 19.6.16.2 RRM Measurements Framework 427 19.6.16.3 Overall RRM Process 429 19.6.17 Channel State Information (CSI) 430 19.6.18 Modulation and Coding Schemes (MCSs) 433 19.6.19 Link Adaptation Procedure 434 19.6.20 Random Access (RACH) Procedure 435 19.6.21 NR Radio Resources Management (RRM) Procedure 439 19.6.22 UE Transmit Power Control 444 19.6.22.1 Types of Power Control Procedure in NR 444 19.6.22.2 UE Transmit Power Determination Procedure in NR 445 19.6.23 Effect of Physical Layer on Data Throughputs 445 Chapter Summary 446 20 5G Core Network Architecture 447 20.1 Control Plane and User Plane Separation – CUPS 447 20.1.1 Impacts of CUPS Feature 448 20.1.2 CUPS in the LTE/EPC Network 449 20.1.3 CUPS Feature in 5G Core Network 450 20.2 Service-Based Architecture (SBA) 452 20.2.1 Network Functions and Its Instances 453 20.2.2 Network Functions (NFs) and Their Services Interfaces 454 20.2.3 5G System Architecture with NF 456 20.2.4 Network Functions and Their Services and Operations 457 20.2.5 Network Functions Services Framework 458 20.2.6 Services API for Network Functions 462 20.2.7 Network Function Selection 468 20.3 Network Function Virtualization (NFV) 469 Chapter Summary 472 21 5G System: Low-level Design 473 21.1 Design of 5GC Service Interface and Its Operations 473 21.2 Design of 5GC NF Service Interface Using UML and C++ Class Diagram 474 21.3 Usages of C++ Standard Template Library (STL) 475 21.4 Software Architecture for 5G System 476 21.4.1 NG-RAN Logical Nodes Software Architecture 476 21.4.2 5GC Software Architecture 479 21.5 Data Types Used in 5GC SBI Communications 479 Chapter Summary 491 22 3GPP Release 16 and Beyond 493 22.1 5GS Enhancements as Part of Release 16 493 22.2 5GS New Features as Part of Release 16 494 22.3 3GPP Release 17 496 Chapter Summary 496 Appendix 497 References 503 Index 507

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Book SynopsisDespite their often remarkable performance, new and `disruptive' technologies often meet with resistance from the general public. Design sometimes assumed to play a purely aesthetic role is central in making revolutionary technology acceptable to society. Mastering design allows technological breakthroughs to transcend the innovation stage and to enter daily life. In this clear and accessible book, Nicolas Henchoz and Yves Mirande offer a new vision for the discipline. A wide range of practical case studies examine how the principles discussed in the book can renew the interplay between design and innovation. These include: solar cells dye-sensitized with raspberry juice; Montreux Jazz Festival archives being recognized, protected and distributed by UNESCO; creating new materials such as densified wood; developing augmented reality; and many more. The surprising results are highly relevant for our digital world and its countless challenges. Building on contributions from the sociolTable of ContentsPreface Part 1: Birth of an Adventure 1. The Context of Design in the Past and Today 2. Uniting Differences 3. Two Institutions, One Encounter 4. Creation of EPFL+ECAL Lab: A Will, A Place 5. An International Network Part 2: Visions and Propositions 6. Call for a New Digital Revolution 7. Paradox: Disruptive Yet Decidedly Normal 8. In Search of the First World 9. For a New Culture of Innovation Bibliography & Biographies

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Book SynopsisThe construction industry is not a homogeneous one; it is characterised by its fragmented, complex and temporary project arrangements. Communicating the design intent -- from initial briefing through to the actual building on site -- is vital to the success of any construction project, yet a constant challenge for all concerned.Trade Review'A well-written, logically structured and well referenced text ….[it] represents the first serious attempt to explore communication within the industry’s specific context, and I would commend it as a robust introductory text for students, academics and practitioners with an interest in communication dynamics’. Andrew RJ Dainty, CM& E Volume 22, issue 2.Table of ContentsConstruction:a social perspective; Communication in construction; Communicating abstract ideas;. Dynamics of Communication; Interpersonal communication; Group communication; Communication networks; Organisational communication;. Building an effective communication culture; Selecting appropriate communication media; Managing boundary conditions; Managing meetings; Conflict management; Practical methodologies for identifying, monitoring and improving communication in practice

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Book SynopsisThis tutorial is written to help engineers tasked with designing illumination optics determine where to start, which methods and approaches to use, and how to gain insight into the nature of the problem at hand. Good illumination design uses patterns from both non-imaging optics (such as compound parabolic concentrators) and imaging optics (such as lenses), often in combination, to produce optimal solutions. These chapters provide readers with a toolbox consisting of a coherent theoretical background, a description of important optical elements and their function, and several design methods. Typical examples are described to illustrate how an experienced optical designer approaches problems, plays with concepts, and arrives at solutions.Table of Contents Preparation Illumination Design Process Illumination Design Method Design Patterns: Building Blocks for Illumination Systems

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Book SynopsisThis book describes the practice of building modern light microscopes, their components, and nodes, based on optical design methodology. Examples of practical applications of this approach are presented, including numerous real design parameters of systems. Original concepts in the construction of existing and new microscope systems are provided to give readers a foundation for microscope design. Full-color micrographs illustrate the high level of image quality found in current systems.

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Book SynopsisDesigning and controlling complex shapes like porous volumes and rough surfaces is a challenge. Fractal geometry is an interesting approach which considerably simplify the problem. Even though underlying concepts reduce the set possible shapes, they generate a surprising variety of shapes. In this book we present a formalism to design such complex objects for geometric aided geometry design applications. The goal of this formalism is to provide to the end user the possibility to manipulate fractal objects as a standard euclidean object with standard tools of CAD system. This formalism encompass curves, surfaces, volumes, as well as NURBS and subdivision surfaces. All theoretical and practical aspects are developed, from the design up to 3D printing.Table of Contents1 Introduction to fractal geometry 2 Model BCIF 2.1 Iterated Function System (IFS) 2.2 Controlled Iterated Function System (CIFS) 2.3 Boundary Controlled Iterated Function System (BCIFS) 3 Example of design 3.1 curves and wire-frames 3.2 surfaces and laces 3.3 volumes and porous objects 3.4 Trees 4 Topological combination 5 Efficient approximation for 3D printing 6 NURBS and Subdivision surfaces and (BCIFS) 7 Applications

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a comprehensive introduction to the mathematical and algorithmic methods for the Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO) of complex mechanical systems such as aircraft or car engines. We have focused on the presentation of strategies efficiently and economically managing the different levels of complexity in coupled disciplines (e.g. structure, fluid, thermal, acoustics, etc.), ranging from Reduced Order Models (ROM) to full-scale Finite Element (FE) or Finite Volume (FV) simulations. Particular focus is given to the uncertainty quantification and its impact on the robustness of the optimal designs. A large collection of examples from academia, software editing and industry should also help the reader to develop a practical insight on MDO methods.Table of ContentsForeword xv Notes for Instructors xix Acknowledgements xxi Chapter 1. Multilevel Multidisciplinary Optimization in Airplane Design 1 Michel RAVACHOL 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. Overview of the traditional airplane design process and expected MDO contributions 2 1.3. First step toward MDO: local dimensioning by mathematical optimization 4 1.4. Second step toward MDO: multilevel multidisciplinary dimensioning 4 1.5. Elements of an MDO process 7 1.6. Choice of optimizers 9 1.7. Coupling between levels 11 1.8. Post-processing 13 1.9. Conclusion 16 Chapter 2. Response Surface Methodology and Reduced Order Models 17 Manuel SAMUELIDES 2.1. Introduction 17 2.2. Introducing some more notations 20 2.3. Linear regression 21 2.4. Non-linear regression 26 2.5. Kriging interpolation 35 2.6. Non-parametric regression and kernel-based methods 37 2.7. Support vector regression 45 2.8. Model selection 56 2.9. Introduction to design of computer experiments (DoCE) 59 2.10. Bibliography 62 Chapter 3. PDE Metamodeling using Principal Component Analysis 65 Florian DE VUYST 3.1. Principal component analysis (PCA) 68 3.2. Truncation rank and projector error 71 3.3. Application: POD reduction of velocity fields in an engine combustion chamber 74 3.4. Reduced-basis methods, numerical analysis 78 3.5. Intrusive/non-intrusive aspects 86 3.6. Double reduction in both space and parameter dimensions 87 3.7. The weighted residual method 88 3.8. Non-linear problems 90 3.9. General discussion and comparison of surrogates 99 3.10. A numerical example 102 3.11. Time-dependent problems 107 3.12. Numerical analysis of a linear spatio-temporal PDE problem 110 3.13. Related works and complementary bibliography 114 3.14. Bibliography 115 Chapter 4. Reduced-order Models for Coupled Problems 119 Rajan FILOMENO COELHO, Manyu XIAO, Piotr BREITKOPF, Catherine KNOPF-LENOIR, Pierre VILLON and Maryan SIDORKIEWICZ 4.1. Introduction 119 4.2. Model reduction methods for coupled problems 122 4.3. Application 1: MDO of an aeroelastic 2D wing demonstrator 129 4.4. Application 2: MDO of an aeroelastic 3D wing in transonic flow 156 4.5. Application 3: Multiobjective shape optimization of an intake port 173 4.6. Conclusions 193 4.7. Bibliography 194 Chapter 5. Multilevel Modeling 199 Pierre-Alain BOUCARD, Sandrine BUYTET, Bruno SOULIER, Praveen CHANDRASHEKARAPPA and Régis DUVIGNEAU 5.1. Introduction 199 5.2. Notations and vocabulary 200 5.3. Parallel model optimization 204 5.4. Multilevel parameter optimization 205 5.5. Multilevel model optimization 210 5.6. General resolution strategy 215 5.7. Use of the multiscale approach in multilevel optimization 218 5.8. A multilevel method for aerodynamics using an inexact pre-evaluation approach 231 5.9. Numerical examples 237 5.10. Conclusion 258 5.11. Bibliography 260 Chapter 6. Multiparameter Shape Optimization 265 Abderrahmane BENZAOUI and Régis DUVIGNEAU 6.1. Introduction 265 6.2. Multilevel optimization 267 6.3. Validation 270 6.4. Applications 275 6.5. Conclusion 283 6.6. Bibliography 284 Chapter 7. Two-discipline Optimization 287 Jean-Antoine DESIDERI 7.1. Pareto optimality, game strategies, and split of territory in multiobjective optimization 288 7.2. Aerostructural shape optimization of a business-jet wing 306 7.3. Conclusions 315 7.4. Bibliography 318 Chapter 8. Collaborative Optimization 321 Yogesh PARTE, Didier AUROUX, Joël CLÉMENT, Mohamed MASMOUDI and Jean HERMETZ 8.1. Introduction 321 8.2. Definition of parameters 322 8.3. Notations and terminology 326 8.4. Different frameworks for multidisciplinary design optimization 332 8.5. Reduced order models and approximations 355 8.6. Application of MDO to conceptual design of supersonic business jets (SSBJ) 356 8.7. Comments and conclusions 363 8.8. Bibliography 363 Chapter 9. An Empirical Study of the Use of Confidence Levels in RBDO with Monte-Carlo Simulations 369 Daniel SALAZAR APONTE, Rodolphe LE RICHE, Gilles PUJOL and Xavier BAY 9.1. Introduction 369 9.2. Accounting for uncertainties in optimization problem formulations 370 9.3. Example: the two-bars test case 375 9.4. Monte-Carlo estimation of the design criteria 377 9.5. A simple evolutionary optimizer for noisy functions: introducing the confidence level 382 9.6. Effects of the step size, the Monte-Carlo budget and the confidence level on ES convergence 387 9.7. Conclusions 401 9.8. Bibliography 403 Chapter 10. Uncertainty Quantification for Robust Design 405 Régis DUVIGNEAU, Massimiliano MARTINELLI and Praveen CHANDRASHEKARAPPA 10.1. Introduction 405 10.2. Problem statement 406 10.3. Estimation using the method of moments 407 10.4. Metamodel-based Monte-Carlo method 414 10.5. Application to aerodynamics 415 10.6. Conclusion 423 10.7. Bibliography 424 Chapter 11. Reliability-based Design Optimization (RBDO) 425 Ghias KHARMANDA, Abedelkhalak EL HAMI and Eduardo SOUZA DE CURSI 11.1. Introduction 425 11.2. Numerical methods in RBDO 432 11.3. Semi-analytic methods in RBDO 435 11.4. Academic applications 441 11.5. An industrial application: RBDO of an intake port 450 11.6. An industrial application: RBDO of a simplified model of a supersonic jet 453 11.7. Conclusions 454 11.8 Bibliography 456 Chapter 12. Multidisciplinary Optimization in the Design of Future Space Launchers 459 Guillaume COLLANGE, Nathalie DELATTRE, Nikolaus HANSEN, Isabelle QUINQUIS and Marc SCHOENAUER 12.1. The space launcher problem 459 12.2. Launcher design 460 12.3. Multidisciplinary optimization in the launcher preliminary design phase 462 12.4. Evolutionary optimization for space launcher design: an example 464 12.5. Bibliography 468 Chapter 13. Industrial Applications of Design Optimization Tools in the Automotive Industry 469 Jean-Jacques MAISONNEUVE, Fabian PECOT, Antoine PAGES and Maryan SIDORKIEWICZ 13.1. Introduction 469 13.2. Specific problems linked to manufacturing applications 471 13.3. Existing tools: objectives, functions and limitations 475 13.4. Using existing tools – Renault’s application 479 13.5. Expected developments 496 13.6. Conclusion 496 13.7. Bibliography 497 Chapter 14. Object-oriented Programming of Optimizers – Examples in Scilab 499 Yann COLLETTE, Nikolaus HANSEN, Gilles PUJOL, Daniel SALAZAR APONTE and Rodolphe LE RICHE 14.1. Introduction 499 14.2. Decoupling the simulator from the optimizer 500 14.3. The “ask & tell” pattern 502 14.4. Example: a “multistart” strategy 503 14.5. Programming an ask & tell optimizer: a tutorial 505 14.6. The simplex method 515 14.7. Covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES) 522 14.8. Ask & tell formalism for uncertainty handling 529 14.9. Conclusions 536 14.10. Bibliography 537 List of Authors 539 Index 545

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Book SynopsisA Practical Guide to Engineering Failure Investigation has been written with the specific purpose of helping those involved in serious engineering failures. When mechanical plant fails, the technical, legal and contractual issues become very involved and complicated, and deciding causation can be difficult and prolonged. The principles and methodologies explained here will help engineers to link their technical knowledge to the commercial realities of working with insurers, loss adjusters and their representatives. This book is essential reading for consultants, expert witnesses and all engineers who may become involved in commercial failure investigations. CONTENTS INCLUDE: How to use this book Professional roles and responsibilities Strategy and tactics of failure investigation The inspection visit Doing a design and operation appraisal Mechanisms of failure Deciding causation How to present your conclusions Insurance investigations – deferring failure 'events' and proximate cause – subrogation. Table of ContentsAcknowledgements ix Preface xi PART I Chapter 1 About this book 3 Failure investigations - for what purpose? 4 An effective approach 5 Using the book 6 A reminder - your product 7 Chapter 2 Important concepts 9 Types of investigation 9 Core content 11 The damage/causation framework 'model' 12 Key point summary 25 Chapter 3 Roles 27 Investigation - opposing roles 28 A closer look - offence and defence 29 Professional responsibilities 31 The role of money 35 Victory and defeat 36 Key point summary 39 Chapter 4: Strategy and tactics 41 Strategy 42 Tactics 44 Basic skills 54 Key point summary 67 Part I Rewind 69 PART II Introduction 75 Chapter 5 Getting started - The inspection visit 77 Preliminaries - preparing for the visit 77 First contact - asking and listening 83 Some early ideas 86 Next step - the investigation plan 87 Summary - before you leave 90 Key point summary 93 Chapter 6 Design and operation assessment 95 Design assessment 97 The operation assessment 121 Key point summary 131 Chapter 7 Categorization 133 Categorization -v- causation: the difference 133 Paradox: the role of materials science 134 Failure categories 136 The next step 165 Key point summary 167 Chapter 8 Deciding causation 169 About causation 169 Decisions 170 Causation statements - structure 171 Proximate cause 187 Key point summary 195 Chapter 9 Presenting your conclusions 197 The written report 199 The verbal presentation 206 The dispute 208 Basic skill blocks 212 The dispute 'routine' 214 The radial fan case study dispute 219 Key point summary 225 Chapter 10 Insurance investigations 227 The principles of insurance 228 The insurance investigation 236 Back to the case study 244 Key point summary 249 Conclusion 251 Meanwhile, back in the office 253 References 255 Bibliography 256 Index 257

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Book SynopsisThis book describes the entire process of designing guitars, including the theory and guidelines for implementing it in practice. It discusses areas from acoustics and resonators to new tools and how they assist traditional construction techniques. The book begins by discussing the fundamentals of the sounds of a guitar, strings, and oscillating systems. It then moves on to resonators and acoustics within the guitar, explaining the analysis systems and evaluation methods, and comparing classic and modern techniques. Each area of the guitar is covered, from the soundboard and the back, to the process of closing the instrument. The book concludes with an analysis of historic and modern guitars. This book is of interest to luthiers wanting to advance their practice, guitar players wishing to learn more about their instruments, and academics in engineering and physics curious about the principles of acoustics when applied to musical instruments.Table of ContentsThe Sound.- The String.- Oscillating Systems.- The Resonator Components.- The Resonator as a Global System.- Upper Resonances.- Analysis Systems.- Quality and Evaluation Methods.- The Modern Guitar.- Building and Using the Mould.- The Soundboard on the Mould.- The Soundboard on the Frame.- The Back.- Closing the Instrument. Final Tuning.- Analysis of Historic and Modern Guitars

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Book SynopsisThis resource covers all areas of interest for the practicing engineer as well as for the student at various levels and educational institutions. It features the work of authors from all over the world who have contributed their expertise and support the globally working engineer in finding a solution for today‘s mechanical engineering problems. Each subject is discussed in detail and supported by numerous figures and tables.Table of ContentsPart A Fundamentals: .- Introduction to Mathematics.- Mechanics.- Thermodynamics.- Part B Materials: .- Atomic Structure and Microstructure Characterization.- Mechanical and Physical Properties.- Corrosion and Corrosion Resistance.- Nondestructive Inspection.- Engineering Materials and their Properties.- Tribology.- Part C Manufacturing: .- Casting.- Metal Forming.- Machining Processes.- Assembly, Disassembly, Joining Techniques.- Precision Machinery Using MEMS Technology.- Measuring and Quality Control.- Part D Machine and Systems Design: .- Machine Elements.- Engineering Design.- Piston Machines.- Pressure Vessels and Heat Exchangers.- Turbomachinery.- Conveying and Construction Machinery.- Part E Transportation – Mobility: .-Trends in mobility and transportation.- Automotive Engineering.- Railway Systems - Railway Engineering.- Aerospace Engineering.- Ships and Maritime Transportation.- Part F Related Engineering Fields: .- Electrical Engineering.- Power Generation.- Annex: General Tables.

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Book SynopsisThis open access book introduces design for Sustainable Product-Service Systems (S.PSS) and for Sustainable Distributed Economies (S.DE). These are introduced as technical and operative tools for the development of a new generation of designers, responsible and capable of designing environmentally, socially and economically sustainable solutions, accessible to all. The book provides a comprehensive framework and also practical tools to support the system design for sustainability process. It overviews methodologies, tools and strategies for Sustainable PSS design applied to Distributed Economies (DE) and provides strategies and design guidelines. All of these are highlighted and expanded upon with international case studies.Table of Contents

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Book SynopsisThis book provides insights into the possibilities, realities and challenges of the rapidly evolving world of 3D printing or additive manufacturing. Contributors cover the applications for 3D printing, available materials, research, and the business of additive manufacturing from start-ups to Fortune 500 companies. As an important part of the Women in Science and Engineering book series, the work highlights the contribution of women leaders in additive manufacturing, inspiring women and men, girls and boys to enter and apply themselves to world of 3D printing and be a part of bringing the true potential of 3D printing to fruition. The book features contributions of prominent female engineers, scientists, business and technology leaders in additive manufacturing from academia, industry and government labs. Provides insight into women’s contributions to the field of additive manufacturing; Presents information from academia, research, government labs and industry into advances and applications in the rapidly evolving and growing field of 3D printing; Includes applications in industries such as medicine, aerospace, and automotive. Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Accelerating the Use of Additive.- Additive in Aerospace.- Advances & Challenges of Metal 3D Printing.- Suppling the Industry for 3D Printed Parts.- Additive in Automotive.- Additive and Art.- Pulling Together the Women of Additive.- Pushing the Boundaries of Binder Jet with Metal.- Additive as an Entrepreneur, Maker, and NASA Advocate.- Industry Start Up and Innovator.- Medical Device Uses in Additive Printing Cells; It’s Not Just Science Fiction.- Design for Additive with Production Uses.- The Illusion of Hollywood.- Go Big or Go Home.- Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisThis textbook provides the tools, techniques, and industry examples needed for the successful implementation of design of experiments (DoE) in engineering and manufacturing applications. It contains a high-level engineering analysis of key issues in the design, development, and successful analysis of industrial DoE, focusing on the design aspect of the experiment and then on interpreting the results. Statistical analysis is shown without formula derivation, and readers are directed as to the meaning of each term in the statistical analysis. Industrial Design of Experiments: A Case Study Approach for Design and Process Optimization is designed for graduate-level DoE, engineering design, and general statistical courses, as well as professional education and certification classes. Practicing engineers and managers working in multidisciplinary product development will find it to be an invaluable reference that provides all the information needed to accomplish a successful DoE. Table of Contents1) Presentations, Statistical Distributions, Quality Tools and Relationship to DoE2) Samples and Populations: Statistical Tests for Significance of Mean and Variability3) Regression, Treatments, DoE Design and Modelling Tools. 4) Two-Level Factorial Design and Analysis Techniques5) Three-Level Factorial Design and Analysis Techniques 6) DoE Error Handling, Significance and Goal Setting 7) DoE Reduction Using Confounding and Professional Experience 8) Multiple Level Factorial Design and DoE Sequencing Techniques9) Variability Reduction Techniques and Combining with Mean Analysis 10) Strategies for Multiple Outcome Analysis and Summary of DoE Case Studies and Techniques

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Book SynopsisThis book presents the developments in engineering design application. The chapters on mechanical, materials, computer and process engineering provide the foundation for the design and development of improved structures, materials and processes. They present alternatives with cost reduction and environmental demands. The book content links the interaction of classical engineering with the health, medical and environmental sector.Table of Contents1. Computational Evaluation of a Lightweight Automotive Camber Link Component Composed of Aluminum.- 2. Front Impact Simulation of Urban Bus.- 3. Design and Manufacturing of an IC and Electrical Engine Race Car.- 4. Design of a Neuro-Fuzzy System in the Characterization of Wear Images of Rotor Blades of a Gas Turbine.- 5. Quasi–Static Ropeway Simulation Using Parallel Computing.

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Book SynopsisThis book reports on several advances in architectural graphics, with a special emphasis on education, training and research. It gathers a selection of contributions to the 19th International Conference on Graphic Design in Architecture, EGA 2022, held on June 2–4, 2022, in Cartagena, Spain, with the motto: "Beyond drawings. The use of architectural graphics".Table of ContentsA new evaluation for a new teaching normality: practical example applied to the topographic map system.- Álvaro Siza Vieira Malagueira’s notebooks: A reading on the relevance of drawing for architectural research.- Architectural Graphic Expression of Heritage in the Academic Training of Architects. The exhibition of the drawings.- Comparative Analysis of AutoCAD Screencasts Applied to Technical Drawing for Online Teaching.- Covid-19 and online teaching: impact on academic results in the subjects of architectural graphic expression at the Polytechnic University of Cartagena.

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Book SynopsisThis book reports on several advances in architectural graphics, with a special emphasis on education, training and research. It gathers a selection of contributions to the 19th International Conference on Graphic Design in Architecture, EGA 2022, held on June 2–4, 2022, in Cartagena, Spain, with the motto: "Beyond drawings. The use of architectural graphics".Table of ContentsMadrid and the Board of Houses of the Navy: Four Projects for Spain in the 1940s.- Framing, filling, linking: The drawing of elements for city description.- From historical and theoretical analysis of Representation and Geometry to Topology for Structural Optimization.- From image to investigation 3D reconstruction with perspective restitution.- From the "sacred theatres" of Andrea Pozzo to the international truncated calotte: history and representation of the Immacolatella church’s tribune in Trapani (1732).- Geometric and formal characterization of the church of Santa María de Tobed.

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Book SynopsisThis book reports on topics at the interface between manufacturing and materials engineering, with a special emphasis on smart and sustainable manufacturing. It describes innovative research in design engineering and manufacturing technology, covering the development and characterization of advanced materials alike. It also discusses key aspects related to ICT in engineering education. Based on the 5th International Conference on Design, Simulation, Manufacturing: The Innovation Exchange (DSMIE-2022), held on June 7-10, 2022, in Poznan, Poland, this first volume of a 2-volume set provides academics and professionals with extensive information on trends and technologies, and challenges and practice-oriented experience in all the above-mentioned areas.Table of ContentsMechatronic Actuator for Adaptive Machining Control.- Design and Validation of a Feeding System for the Systematic Production of Needle Beds.- An Increase in the Efficiency of Selected Production Processes Using Lean Tools.- Quality Control Monitoring in 3D Printing.

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Book SynopsisThis book is an attempt to address this wide topic with a multi-disciplinary approach. Nowadays, robotics is developing at a much faster pace than ever in the past, both inside and outside industrial environments. While other publications focus on describing the theoretical basis of robot motion, this book pays special attention to explain the fundamentals through real applications. Thus, it represents a perfect combination for studying this topic along with other theoretical books. Each chapter has been authored by experts in specific areas spanning from the mechanics of machinery to control theory, informatics, mechatronics. Chapters have been divided into two sections. The first one is aiming to give a theoretical background. The second section is focused on applications. This book project can be foreseen as a reference for young professionals/researchers to overview the most significant aspects in robotics.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Historical backgrounds on robot mechanism design.- Chapter 2: Path planning for special robotic operations.- Chapter 3: Towards Human Activity Recognition Enhanced Robot Assisted Surgery.- Chapter 4: Metamorphic Manipulators.

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Book SynopsisThis book shows how to acquire inventive thinking skills. It contains many examples and solved problems, as well as assignments for independent work. An analysis of most of the tasks is given in the appendix. This book describes all components of creative thinking, mainly system thinking, evolutionary thinking, thinking through contradictions, thinking with the use of resources, thinking with the use of models and development of creative thinking. Particular attention is given to improvement of skills of Inventive thinking. This book is intended for a broad circle of readers, suitable for all those who want to quickly get new ideas and have a developed inventive thinking.Table of ContentsThe Notion of Inventive Thinking.- System approach.- Evolutionary thinking.- Thinking through contradictions.- Resource thinking.- Modeling.- Complex use.

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Book SynopsisThis book is aimed at readers who need to learn the latest solutions for interconnected simulation, testing, and prediction technologies that improve engineering product efficiency, including reliability, safety, quality, durability, maintainability, life-cycle costing and profit. It provides a detailed analysis of technologies now being used in industries such as electronics, automotive, aircraft, aerospace, off-highway, farm machinery, and others. It includes clear examples, charts, and illustrations. This book provides analyses of the simulation, testing, and prediction approaches and methodologies with descriptive, negative trends in their development. The author discusses why many current methods of simulation, testing, and prediction are not successful and describes novel techniques and tools developed for eliminating these problems. This book is a tool for engineers, managers, researches in industry, teachers, and students. Lev Klyatis, Hab. Dr.-Ing., ScD., PhD, Senior Advisor SoHaR, Inc., has been a professor at Moscow State Agricultural Engineering University, research leader and chairman of State Enterprise TESTMASH, and served on the US Technical Advisory Group for the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), the ISO/IEC Join Study Group in Safety Aspects of Risk Assessment, the United Nations European Economical Commission, and US-USSR Trade and Economic Council. He is presently a member of World Quality Council, the Elmer A. Sperry Board of Award, SAE International G-41 Reliability Committee, the Integrated Design and Manufacturing Committee and session chairman of SAE International World Congresses in Detroit since 2012. His vast experience and innovation enable him to create a new direction for the successful prediction of product efficiency during any given time, including accurate simulation of real-world conditions, accelerated reliability and durability testing technology, and reducing recalls. His approach has been verified in various industries, primarily automotive, farm machinery, aerospace, and aircraft industries. He has shared his new direction working as the seminar instructor and consultant to Ford, DaimlerChrysler, Nissan, Toyota, Jatko Ltd., Thermo King, Black an Dekker, NASA Research Centers, Karl Schenck, and many others. He holds over 30 patents worldwide and is the author of over 300 publications, including 15 books. Table of Contentschapter 1. How was began development of new engineering direction – Successful Prediction of Engineering Product Efficiency.- chapter 2. Analysis of Current Situation with Prediction of New Product Reliability and Efficiency .- chapter 3. Technology of successful prediction of new product efficiency (quality, reliability, durability, maintainability, safety, life-cycle cost, profit, and other components).- chapter 4. Accelerated reliability and durability testing technology as second key factor for successful prediction of product efficiency..- chapter 5. Negative trends in the development of simulation, testing, and prediction in engineering.- chapter 6. Implementation of successful prediction of product efficiency and accelerated reliability and durability testing.

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Book SynopsisEngineering Senior Design is perhaps the course that most resembles what an engineering professional will be required to do during their career; it is the bridge between the academic classroom and the engineering profession. This textbook will support students as they learn to apply their previously-developed skills to solve a complex engineering problem during a senior-level design course. This textbook follows the design life cycle from project initiation to completion and introduces students to many soft engineering skills, such as communication, scheduling, and technical writing, in the context of an engineering design. Students are instructed how to define an engineering problem with a valid problem statement and requirements document. They will conceptualize a complex solution and divide that solution into manageable subsystems. More importantly, they will be introduced to Project Management techniques that will help students organize workloads, develop functional engineering-teams, and validate solutions, all while increasing the likelihood of a successful completion to the project. Throughout the experience, students are instructed that a well-intentioned solution is not particularly useful unless it can be communicated and documented. To that end, this textbook will help students document their work in a professional manner and to present their ideas to stakeholders in a variety of formal design-reviews. With the support of this textbook, by the end of a student’s senior design experience, each individual will be ready to communicate with other engineering professionals, effectively support engineering design-teams, and manage complex project to solve the next generation’s engineering challenges.Table of Contents1. ​Introduction to Senior Design2. Meeting your design team for the first time (How to run an effective meeting)3. Daily Documentation (Engineering Notebooks)4. The Initiation Phase5. The Planning Phase6. The Execution Phase7. The Closing Phase.

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Book SynopsisEngineering Senior Design is perhaps the course that most resembles what an engineering professional will be required to do during their career; it is the bridge between the academic classroom and the engineering profession. This textbook will support students as they learn to apply their previously-developed skills to solve a complex engineering problem during a senior-level design course. This textbook follows the design life cycle from project initiation to completion and introduces students to many soft engineering skills, such as communication, scheduling, and technical writing, in the context of an engineering design. Students are instructed how to define an engineering problem with a valid problem statement and requirements document. They will conceptualize a complex solution and divide that solution into manageable subsystems. More importantly, they will be introduced to Project Management techniques that will help students organize workloads, develop functional engineering-t

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Book SynopsisThis book is aimed at those in engineering/scientific fields who have never learned programming before but are eager to master the C language quickly so as to immediately apply it to problem solving in numerical analysis. The book skips unnecessary formality but explains all the important aspects of C essential for numerical analysis. Topics covered in numerical analysis include single and simultaneous equations, differential equations, numerical integration, and simulations by random numbers. In the Appendices, quick tutorials for gnuplot, Octave/MATLAB, and FORTRAN for C users are provided.Table of ContentsPreface.- Acknowledgments.- First Steps to Run a C Program.- Components of C Language.- Note on Numerical Errors.- Roots of f(x) = 0.- Numerical Differentiation.- Numerical Integration.- Solving Simultaneous Equations.- Differential Equations.- Author's Biography.- Index .

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Book SynopsisReverse Engineering of a Roman Wagon from Iron Findings in Valle Camonica (Italy).- Evaluation of the elastic modulus of historic masonries in Tuscany.- The use of Concrete Damage Plasticity for modeling shear-compression tests on stone masonry panels.- Beyond the visible: A Comparative Study of X-ray Radiography Instruments in Art Conservation Examination used at SRAL, The Netherlands.- Sixteenth century Tapia on the Hispaniola Island. Case: Hospital San Nicolás de Bari.

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Book SynopsisCompanies often struggle to turn successful research into viable commercial products, processes and systems. This book defines technology development and reveals methods to successfully evaluate, fund and commercialize a technology. Cases studies help the reader evaluate the connection between a technology and potential markets, set useful hypotheses, develop statistically valid conclusions, and apply those conclusions to business goals. Table of ContentsIntroduction to Technology DevelopmentTechnology Development and the Chemical Industry Method of Successful Technology Development Case Studies

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Book SynopsisThis book explores the ways that disciplinary convergence and technological advance are transforming systems engineering to address gaps in complex systems engineering: Transdisciplinary Systems Engineering (TSE). TSE reaches beyond traditional disciplines to find connections—and this book examines a range of new methods from across such disparate areas of scholarship as computer science, social science, human studies, and systems design to reveal patterns, efficiencies, affordances, and pathways to intuitive design. Organized to serve multiple constituencies, the book stands as an ideal textbook supplement for graduate courses in systems engineering, a reference text for program managers and practicing engineers in all industries, and a primary source for researchers engaged in multidisciplinary research in systems engineering and design.Table of Contents21st Century Imperatives.- Thinking Different.- Disciplinary Convergence.- Disruptive Collaboration.- From Models to Stories.- Generating Novel Options.- Human Performance Enhancement.- Design Elegance and Systems Engineering.- Affordable Resilience.- Autonomous System-Of-Systems.- Looking To The Future.

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Book SynopsisMold design is one of the most challenging tasks in injection molding and it is crucial for successful profitable operations. The book compiles the experience of many seasoned designers and presents tried and tested molds that run successfully in production. For this fourth edition, changes and supplements were once again undertaken with the aim of representing the state of the art. The book is written by practitioners for practitioners, describing problem solving in the design and the manufacture of injection molds.

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Book SynopsisFinally available again in its second edition, this classic covers everything from the basic principles to the various practical applications of state-of-the-art mixing and compounding.Table of Contents Part I: Mechanisms and Theory Basic Concepts - Mixing of Miscible Fluids - Mixing of Immiscible Fluids - Dispersive Mixing of Solid Additives - Distributive Mixing - Distribution Functions and Measures of Mixing Part II: Mixing Equipment - Modeling, Simulation, Visualization Batch Equipment Simulation - Batch Equipment Visualization - Continuous Equipment Simulation - Dispersive Mixing Devices in Single Screw - Twin Rotor Mixers - Co-Kneader - Visualization - Scale-up of Mixing Equipment - Scale-down of Mixing Equipment Part III Material Consideration, Properties and Characterization Solid additives (inorganic) - Solid additives (organic) - Compatibilizers (mechanisms, theory) - Material Consideration for Mixing at Nanoscale - Effect of Mixing on Properties of Compounds - Effect of Mixing on Rubber Properties Part IV Mixing Practices Internal Mixers - Single Screw Extruders - Twin Screw Extruders - Intermeshing Twin Screw Extruders - Reciprocating Screws - Reactive Compounding - Farrel Continuous Mixer

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Book SynopsisDieses Lehr- und Übungsbuch gibt eine anschauliche strukturierte Einführung in die parametrische 3D-Konstruktion und die darauf aufbauenden fortgeschrittenen Arbeitstechniken. Neben notwendigen anwendungsspezifischen Voreinstellungen und Festlegungen wird in die Bauteil- und Baugruppenmodellierung wie die damit verbundene Ableitung von technischen Zeichnungen eingeführt. Darüber hinaus werden fortgeschrittene Modellierungstechniken behandelt. In allen Abschnitten stehen die praktischen Übungen mit geeigneten Konstruktionsbeispielen im Vordergrund.Table of Contents

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Book SynopsisDas Fachbuch zeigt sehr anschaulich Spezialvorrichtungen sowie Stütz- und Positionierelemente. Merksätze und Richtlinien prägen genauso wie tabellarische Übersichten von Vor- und Nachteilen den praxisnahen Charakter.Table of ContentsSpezialvorrichtungen.- Fertigungsgerechte Gestaltung von Bauteilen.- Stütz- und Positionselemente.- Glossar deutsch/englisch.

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Book SynopsisDieses Lehr- und Arbeitsbuch fokussiert die Befehle der Product Manufacturing Information (PMI) des Autorensystems Siemens NX zur grundlegenden Definition eines digitalen Produktmodells. Das Buch stellt verständlich mit praxisnahen Beispielen sowohl Studierenden als auch Fach- und Führungskräften die Möglichkeiten der zeichnungslosen Detaillierung für verschiedene Bauteil- und Baugruppenklassen dar.Table of ContentsEinleitung.- Digitale Produktmodelle.- Product Manufacturing Information (PMI).- Funktionen der PMI-Befehlsleiste.- Beschriftungen.- Datentransport und Visualisierung.

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Book SynopsisWas sind die Ursachen dafür, dass mit viel Aufwand entwickelte Produkte im Markt scheitern? Die Produkte wurden an den Bedürfnissen der Kunden*innen vorbei entwickelt. Aber kein Unternehmen wird bewusst an den Kundenbedürfnissen vorbei entwickeln. Das vorliegende Buch befasst sich mit der Frage, wie objektiv eigentlich die Bedürfnisse von Kunden*innen ihren Weg in die Entwicklungsorganisation eines Unternehmens finden können und wie objektive sie dort in ein Produkt umgesetzt werden können. Ausgehend von Antworten auf diese Frage wird ein Ansatz entwickelt, mit Hilfe physischer Modelle eine frühzeitige Wahrnehmung der Produktattribute durch Kunden*innen zu ermöglichen, so deren Bedürfnisse genauer zu treffen und damit die Erfolgswahrscheinlichkeit der Produkte im Markt zu verbessern.

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Book SynopsisDieses Übungsbuch beinhaltet eine umfangreiche Sammlung von Aufgaben zum Themenkomplex Leichtbau. Insbesondere werden die Grundlagen der Festigkeitslehre, Stoffleichtbau und Formleichtbau sowie Sandwichelemente behandelt. Dabei wird vor allem auf Grenzbeanspruchung und Optimierung der Strukturen eingegangen. Das Buch zeichnet sich durch detaillierte Müsterlösungen aus, sodass Studierende von Bachelor- und Masterstudiengängen die Lösungswege einfach nachvollziehen können. Das Werk ist dadurch auch für das Selbststudium bestens geeignet.Table of ContentsAufgaben.- Musterlösungen zu den Übungsaufgaben.- Anhang.

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Book SynopsisKonstruktionsgrundlagen.- Toleranzen und Passungen.- Festigkeitsberechnung.- Tribologie.- Kleb- und Lötverbindungen.- Schweißverbindungen.- Nietverbindungen.- Schraubenverbindungen.- Bolzen- und Stiftverbindungen.- Elastische Federn.- Achsen, Wellen, Zapfen.- Wellen-Naben-Verbindungen.- Kupplungen.- Bremsen.- Wälz- und Gleitlager.- Riemen- und Kettengetriebe.- Rohrleitungen.- Dichtungen.- Zahnräder und Zahnradgetriebe.- Außenverzahnte Stirnräder.- Kegelräder.- Schraubrad- und Schneckengetriebe.- Umlaufgetriebe.

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Book Synopsis„Alles aus einer Hand“; Dieses vierfarbige Lehrbuch bietet in einem Band ein lebendiges Bild des gesamten Maschinenbaus.Studierende finden das im Bachelor-Studium behandelte Wissen ausführlich und anhand vieler Beispiele erklärt.Im Mittelpunkt steht das Verständnis der Zusammenhänge zwischen den Fachgebieten.Herausragende Merkmale sind:- Alle Grundlagenfächer in einem Band- Vierfarbiges Layout mit mehr als 1500 Abbildungen- Ein Leitbeispiel führt durch das gesamte Buch- Übersichtsboxen verdeutlichen Zusammenhänge und Methoden- Verständnisfragen ermöglichen die Lernkontrolle beim Lesen- Farbige Merkkästen heben das Wichtigste hervor- Jedes Kapitel enthält Rechenaufgaben und Kurzlösungen- Anwendungs- und Beispielboxen erklären schwierige Themen- Vertiefungsboxen erläutern Hintergründe- Bonusmaterial auf der HomepageInhaltlich spannt sich der Bogen von der Technischen Mechanik über die Thermodynamik und Strömungslehre, die Werkstoffkunde, die Maschinenelemente und die Fertigungstechnik bis hin zur Elektrotechnik und Regelungstechnik.In der zweiten Auflage wurden; zukunftsweisende Themen wie geometrische Produktspezifikationen, additive Fertigungstechniken, Industrie 4.0 und Energiespeicher erweitert und weitere Aufgaben aufgenommen.Auf der Homepage zum Buch sind die Lösungen zu den Rechenaufgaben und das Bonusmaterial zu finden.„Das Lehrbuch Maschinenbau begeistert durch seine vielen Abbildungen, aktuellen Beispiele und lebendigen Formulierungen. Der rote Faden in Form des Antriebsstranges eines modernen Automobils sowie die aufeinander abgestimmten Verständnisfragen und Vertiefungsboxen machen das Buch zu einer angenehmen Lektüre. Hier wird deutlich, dass beim Leser Interesse geweckt und er spielerisch an die Lehrthemen herangebracht wird.“Prof. Dr.-Ing. P.U. Thamsen, TU BerlinTable of ContentsTechnische Mechanik.- Werkstoffkunde.- Thermodynamik.- Strömungslehre.-Maschinenelemente/Konstruktionslehre.- Fertigungstechnik.- Elektrotechnik.-Messtechnik.- Regelungstechnik.

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