Solar system: the Sun and planets Books

Book SynopsisHeliophysics is a fast-developing scientific discipline that integrates studies of the Sun's variability, the surrounding heliosphere, and the environment and climate of planets. This volume, the fourth in the Heliophysics collection, explores what makes the conditions on Earth 'just right' to sustain life, by comparing Earth to other solar system planets, by comparing solar magnetic activity to that of other stars, and by looking at the properties of evolving exoplanet systems. By taking an interdisciplinary approach and using comparative heliophysics, the authors illustrate how we can learn about our local cosmos by looking beyond it, and in doing so, also enable the converse. Supplementary online resources are provided, including lecture presentations, problem sets and exercise labs, making this ideal as a textbook for advanced undergraduate- and graduate-level courses, as well as a foundational reference for researchers in the many subdisciplines of helio- and astrophysics.Table of ContentsPreface; 1. Introduction Carolus J. Schrijver, Frances Bagenal and Jan J. Sojka; 2. Solar explosive activity throughout the evolution of the Solar System Rachel Osten; 3. Astrospheres, stellar winds, and the interstellar medium Brian Wood and Jeffrey L. Linsky; 4. Effects of stellar eruptions throughout astrospheres Ofer Cohen; 5. Characteristics of planetary systems Debra Fischer and Ji Wang; 6. Planetary dynamos: updates and new frontiers Sabine Stanley; 7. Climates of terrestrial planets David Brain; 8. Upper atmospheres of the giant planets Luke Moore, Tom Stallard and Marina Garland; 9. Aeronomy of terrestrial upper atmospheres David E. Siskind and Stephen W. Bougher; 10. Moons, asteroids, and comets interacting with their surroundings Margaret G. Kivelson; 11. Dusty plasmas Mihály Horányi; 12. Energetic-particle environments in the Solar System Norbert Krupp; 13. Heliophysics with radio scintillation and occultation Mario M. Bisi; Appendix 1. Authors and editors; List of illustrations; List of tables; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisSand dunes are a globally important depositional landform and sedimentary system. Their origins and dynamics are important in understanding how deserts have evolved in response to climate change and changes in sand supply and mobility, and how they will continue to evolve in the future. This book provides a state-of-the-art review of the characteristics of desert dunes and their sediments, and explores their dynamics on timescales from days to millennia as they respond to changes in wind speed and direction, precipitation and sand supply. This extensively revised edition reflects the advances in our understanding of desert dunes, their dynamics and history; and covers recent developments including the luminescence dating revolution, ground penetrating radar and advances in numerical modeling. Also covering dunes on Mars and Titan, this authoritative reference is a must-have for researchers and graduate students working on desert dunes and aeolian geomorphology.Trade Review'Studying desert dunes continues to be essential to our understanding of the geomorphology and climate of Earth and other worlds in the solar system. The update to this anchoring text seamlessly merges the significant advancements in aeolian science over the past few decades with core concepts from decades prior. This book will serve as the go-to source for any scientist needing a reference for wind-blown sand dunes and as the textbook for training the next generation of aeolian scientists.' Ryan Ewing, Texas A&M University'Nick Lancaster's fifty-plus years of field research on desert dunes and his keen insights on the 'big-picture' of dune formation and change make him the best qualified person to write the definitive book on the subject. This thoroughly revised and updated second edition is a must-read for anyone seeking to understand desert sand dunes.' Jeff Lee, Department of Economics and Geography, Texas Tech University'This fully updated new edition provides a masterly synthesis of the burgeoning research into desert dunes worldwide. Whether it is current dune processes, the evolution of dune systems in the past or extra-terrestrial aeolian features, this book has it all. It is an excellent testimony to Nick Lancaster's five decades of desert dune analysis, and will be the definitive 'go-to' text for a long time.' David Thomas, University of OxfordTable of ContentsPart I. Introduction and Fundamental Concepts: 1. Desert Dune Systems; Part II. Dune Morphology and Sediments; 2. Dune Morphology; 3. Dune Sediments; Part III. Dune Processes and Dynamics; 4: Sand Transport By Wind; 5. Airflow and Sand Transport on Dunes; 6. Dune Dynamics; Part IV. Boundary Conditions for Dune Formation and Development: 7. Controls of Dune Morphology; 8. Controls on Dune Orientation; 9. Controls of Dune Size and Spacing; 10. Response of Dune Systems to Changing Boundary Conditions; Part V. Sand Seas and Dunefields; 11. Characteristics and Distribution of Sand Seas and Dunefields; 12. Dune Patterns in Sand Seas; 13. Formation of Sand Seas and Dune Fields; Part VI. Dune Systems in Time and Space; 14. Ancient Dune Systems – The Rock Record; 15. Quaternary Paleo Dune Systems; 16. Planetary Dune Systems; Part VI. Conclusions; 17. Review and Prospects; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisOngoing advances in Solar System exploration continue to reveal its splendour and diversity in remarkable detail. This undergraduate-level textbook presents fascinating descriptions and colour images of the bodies in the Solar System, the processes that occur upon and within them, and their origins and evolution. It highlights important concepts and techniques in boxed summaries, while questions and exercises are embedded at appropriate points throughout the text, with full solutions provided. Written and edited by a team of practising planetary scientists, this third edition has been updated to reflect our current knowledge. It is ideal for introductory courses on the subject, and is suitable for self-study. The text is supported by online resources, hosted at www.cambridge.org/solarsystem3, which include selected figures from the book, self-assessment questions and sample tutor assignments, with outlines of suggested answers.Table of ContentsIntroduction; 1. A tour of the Solar System; 2. The internal structure of the terrestrial planets; 3. Planetary volcanism; 4. Planetary surface processes; 5. Atmospheres of terrestrial planets; 6. The giant planets; 7. Minor bodies of the Solar System; 8. The origin of the Solar System; 9. Meteorites: a record of formation; Answers and comments; Appendices; Glossary; Further reading; Acknowledgements; Figure references; Index.

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Book SynopsisA definitive reference on the Dawn mission and its key results, including the implications for our understanding of the asteroid belt and evolution of the Solar System. With chapters written by prominent scientists, this is an essential volume for researchers and professionals of planetary science, asteroid science and space exploration.Table of ContentsList of contributors; Preface; Part I. Remote Observations and Exploration of Main Belt Asteroids: 1. Remote observations of the main belt Pierre Vernazza, Fumihiko Usui and Sunao Hasegawa; 2. Exploring Vesta and Ceres Christopher T. Russell and Marc D. Rayman; Part II. Key Results from Dawn Exploration of Vesta and Ceres: 3. Protoplanet Vesta and HED meteorites Harry Y. McSween Jr. and Richard P. Binzel; 4. The internal evolution of Vesta Michael J. Toplis and Doris Breuer; 5. Vesta's geomorphology Debra L. Buczkowski, Ralf Jaumann and Simone Marchi; 6. The surface composition of Vesta Jean-Philippe Combe and Naoyuki Yamashita; 7. Ceres' surface composition Maria Cristina De Sanctis and Andrea Raponi; 8. Carbon and organic matter on Ceres Thomas Prettyman, Maria Cristina De Sanctis and Simone Marchi; 9. Ammonia on Ceres Eleonora Ammannito and Bethany Ehlmann; 10. Geomorphology of Ceres David A. Williams, Andreas Nathues and Jennifer E. C. Scully; 11. Ceres' internal evolution Julie Castillo-Rogez and Philip Bland; 12. Geophysics of Vesta and Ceres Anton I. Ermakov and Carol A. Raymond; Part III. Implications for the Formation and Evolution of the Solar System: 13. Formation of main belt asteroids Hubert Klahr, Marco Delbo and Konstantin Gerbig; 14. Isotopic constraints on the formation of the main belt Katherine R. Bermingham and Thomas S. Kruijer; 15. Origin and dynamical evolution of main belt asteroids Sean N. Raymond and David Nesvorný; 16. Collisional evolution of the main belt as recorded by Vesta William F. Bottke and Martin Jutzi; 17. Epilogue: the renaissance of main belt science Simone Marchi, Carol A. Raymond and Christopher T. Russell; Index.

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Book SynopsisMeteorites are fascinating cosmic visitors. Using accessible language, this book documents the history of mineralogy and meteorite research, summarizes the mineralogical characteristics of the myriad varieties of meteorites, and explains the mineralogical characteristics of Solar System bodies visited by spacecraft. Some of these bodies contain minerals that do not occur naturally on Earth or in meteorites. The book explains how to recognize different phases under the microscope and in back-scattered electron images. It summarizes the major ways in which meteoritic minerals form from condensation in the expanding atmospheres of dying stars to crystallization in deep-seated magmas, from flash-melting in the solar nebula to weathering in the terrestrial environment. Containing spectacular back-scattered electron images, colour photographs of meteorite minerals, and with an accompanying online list of meteorite minerals, this book provides a useful resource for meteorite researchers, terTable of Contents1. Minerals and Meteorites: Historical Foundations and Current Status; 2. Definitions and Explications; 3. Brief review of Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry; 4. Properties of Minerals: Explanations and Applications; 5. Identification of Meteoritic Minerals in Reflected Light, by Back-scattered Electron (BSE) Imaging, and by EDS and EBSD Analyses; 6. Meteorite Classification and Taxonomy; 7. Mineralogy of Major Physical Components of Chondrites; 8. Petrologic and Mineralogical Characteristics of Meteorite Groups; 9. Cosmomineralogy; 10. Formation of Meteoritic Minerals in Gas- and Dust-rich Environments; 11. Formation of Meteoritic Minerals on Parent Bodies; 12. Formation of Meteoritic Minerals in the Terrestrial Environment; 13. The Strange Case of the Aluminum-Copper Alloys; Epilogue; References.

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Book SynopsisThis book is for everyone with an interest in whether there is extraterrestrial life. Recent discoveries of planets beyond the solar system (more than 4000 of them) suggest that the question is not 'whether?' but 'where?'. This book enables general readers to understand current endeavours to answer this question and the related one of 'what kind?'Trade Review'Wallace Arthur addresses the most exciting question in science: 'Are we alone?' His brilliant exposition argues convincingly that we are likely to go through a Copernican revolution regarding the biological universe and discover that we are not at its centre.' Avi Loeb, Chair of the Harvard Astronomy department'An engaging, well-informed, and accessible guide to one of the great questions. Thoroughly enjoyable and unputdownable.' Peter Atkins, Emeritus Professor of Physical Chemistry, University of Oxford, and fellow of Lincoln College'The Biological Universe performs a fascinating dissection of our tree of life, asking which of its features we might share with other such trees on worlds throughout the Galaxy. A truly unique perspective on finding life in the Universe, which starts with who is eating whom in the soil under our feet.' Elizabeth Tasker, author of The Planet Factory'In this thought-provoking book, Arthur's deep knowledge of life and its myriad manifestations, coupled with a cosmologist's understanding of the cosmos at large, enables him to explore one of science's greatest mysteries - how the biological and physical universes relate to one another. Does life exist beyond this planet? What form would it take? How could we detect it? Arthur musters fact, logic, and intuition, in his far-reaching attempt to nail down life's place within the wider cosmic dimension.' Addy Pross, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel'Wallace Arthur takes us on a fascinating journey to discover if and how our living planet is unique in the universe. In his characteristically engaging style, he propels his story with sharp questions, arresting details, and vivid explanations, so that we arrive, via photosynthesis-stealing slugs and the extremes of extraterrestrial atmospheres, at a new understanding of ourselves and our world.' Ronald Jenner, Natural History Museum, London, UK'Wallace Arthur's book The Biological Universe is highly significant. We will soon know if we are alone in the universe. The next few years could provide us with this long-sought answer. This book, extremely well written, tells us how.' Simon 'Pete' Worden, Executive Director, Breakthrough Initiatives, Luxembourg and USA'Working his way up from first principles of physics, chemistry, and biology, Wallace Arthur asks what is needed for life to exist. In his familiar readable style, he then asks whether these requirements are likely to be found elsewhere in the universe, and answers with a resounding 'Yes'. Anyone who works on the evolution of life on Earth will have asked themselves similar questions. Arthur's presentation of the questions, and of the answers, is both enjoyable and eye-opening.' Ariel Chipman, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel'Arthur has done an admirable job pulling together all these different fields and his explanations of tricky topics are clear.' Lewis Dartnell'Wallace Arthur's The Biological Universe is a romp through astrobiology intended for general readers. Curiously, we meet almost no one along the way … The Biological Universe covers an impressive amount of territory.' Max Dresow, The Quarterly Review of BiologyTable of ContentsPart I. Painting Big Pictures: 1. A tree with millions of twigs; 2. A galaxy with billions of planets; 3. The likelihood of other trees; Part II. Life Here, Implications for Elsewhere: 4. A thin sliver of existence; 5. Energy and life; 6. Habitats and life; 7. Skeletons and life; 8. Intelligence and life; Part III. Planetary Systems and Life: 9. Types of planetary system; 10. Habitable zones; 11. Other habitability factors; 12. How many inhabited planets?; Part IV. Discovering Life: 13. On the repeatability of evolution; 14. Candidate planets; 15. Atmospheric signatures; 16. Radio and life; 17. Sixty years of SETI; Part V. Beyond the Milky Way: 18. The physical universe; 19. The biological universe; 20. The intelligent universe; Bibliography; Acknowledgements.

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Book SynopsisAll magnetized planets in our solar system interact strongly with the solar wind and possess well developed magneto tails. This book includes a discussion of why a magnetotail is a fundamental issue in magneto spheric physics. It is a collection of tutorials that cover a large range of magneto tails in our solar system; and more.Table of ContentsContributors vii PrefaceAndreas Keiling, Caitríona Jackman, and Peter Delamereix Section I: Introduction 1 Magnetotail: Unsolved Fundamental Problem of Magnetospheric PhysicsVytenis M Vasyliūnas 3 Section II: Tutorials 2 Mercury’s MagnetotailT Sundberg and J A Slavin 23 3 Magnetotails of Mars and VenusE Dubinin and M Fraenz 43 4 Earth’s MagnetotailRobert L McPherron 61 5 Jupiter’s MagnetotailNorbert Krupp , Elena Kronberg , and Aikaterini Radioti 85 6 Saturn’s MagnetotailCaitríona M Jackman 99 7 Magnetotails of Uranus and NeptuneC S Arridge 119 8 Satellite MagnetotailsXianzhe Jia 135 9 Moon’s Plasma WakeJ S Halekas, D A Brain and M Holmström 149 10 Physics of Cometary MagnetospheresTamas I Gombosi 169 11 HeliotailDavid J McComas 189 Section III: Specialized Topics 12 Formation of Magnetotails: Fast and Slow Rotators ComparedD J Southwood 199 13 Solar Wind Interaction with Giant Magnetospheres and Earth’s MagnetosphereP A Delamere 217 14 Solar Wind Entry Into and Transport Within Planetary MagnetotailsSimon Wing and Jay R Johnson 235 15 Magnetic Reconnection in Different Environments: Similarities and DifferencesMichael Hesse, Nicolas Aunai, Masha Kuznetsova, Seiji Zenitani, and Joachim Birn 259 16 Origin and Evolution of Plasmoids and Flux Ropes in the Magnetotails of Earth and MarsJ P Eastwood and S A Kiehas 269 17 Current Sheets Formation in Planetary MagnetotailAntonius Otto, Min-Shiu Hsieh, and Fred Hall IV 289 18 Substorms: Plasma and Magnetic Flux Transport from Magnetic Tail into MagnetosphereGerhard Haerendel 307 19 Injection, Interchange, and Reconnection: Energetic Particle Observations in Saturn’s MagnetosphereD G Mitchell, P C Brandt, J F Carbary, W S Kurth, S M Krimigis, C Paranicas, Norbert Krupp, D C Hamilton, B H Mauk, G B Hospodarsky, M K Dougherty, and W R Pryor 327 20 Radiation Belt Electron Acceleration and Role of MagnetotailGeoffrey D Reeves 345 21 Substorm Current Wedge at Earth and MercuryL Kepko, K-H Glassmeier, J A Slavin, and T Sundberg 361 22 Review of Global Simulation Studies of Effect of Ionospheric Outflow on Magnetosphere-Ionosphere System DynamicsM Wiltberger 373 Index 393

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Book SynopsisOver a half century of exploration of the Earth's space environment, it has become evident that the interaction between the ionosphere and the magnetosphere plays a dominant role in the evolution and dynamics of magnetospheric plasmas and fields. Interestingly, it was recently discovered that this same interaction is of fundamental importance at other planets and moons throughout the solar system. Based on papers presented at an interdisciplinary AGU Chapman Conference at Yosemite National Park in February 2014, this volume provides an intellectual and visual journey through our exploration and discovery of the paradigm-changing role that the ionosphere plays in determining the filling and dynamics of Earth and planetary environments. The 2014 Chapman conference marks the 40th anniversary of the initial magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling conference at Yosemite in 1974, and thus gives a four decade perspective of the progress of space science research in understanding these fundamentaTable of ContentsContributors ix Prologue xvii Acknowledgments xxi Part I Introduction Video J. L. Burch (1974) with Remarks by C. R. Chappell (2014)URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15142/T3C30S 1 Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling, Past to FutureJames L. Burch 3 Part II The Earth's Ionosphere as a Source Video W. I. Axford (1974) with Remarks by P. M. Banks (2014)URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15142/T35K5N 2 Measurements of Ion Outflows from the Earth's IonosphereAndrew W. Yau, William K. Peterson, and Takumi Abe 21 3 Low-energy Ion Outflow Observed by Cluster: Utilizing the Spacecraft PotentialS. Haaland, M. Andre, A. Eriksson, K. Li, H. Nilsson, L. Baddeley, C. Johnsen, L. Maes, B. Lybekk, and A. Pedersen 33 Video W. B. Hanson (1974) with Remarks by R. A. Heelis (2014)URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15142/T31S3Q 4 Advances in Understanding Ionospheric Convection at High LatitudesR. A. Heelis 49 5 Energetic and Dynamic Coupling of the Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere SystemGang Lu 61 Video R. G. Johnson (1974) with Remarks by C. R. Chappell (2014)URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15142/T3X30R 6 The Impact of O+ on Magnetotail DynamicsLynn M. Kistler 79 7 Thermal and Low-energy Ion Outflows in and through the Polar Cap: The Polar Wind and the Low-energy Component of the Cleft Ion FountainNaritoshi Kitamura, Kanako Seki, Yukitoshi Nishimura, Takumi Abe, Manabu Yamada, Shigeto Watanabe, Atsushi Kumamoto, Atsuki Shinbori, and Andrew W. Yau 91 8 Ionospheric and Solar Wind Contributions to Magnetospheric Ion Density and Temperature throughout the MagnetotailMichael W. Liemohn and Daniel T. Welling 101 Part III The Effect of Low-energy Plasma on the Stability of Energetic Plasmas Video (1974) and Remarks (2014) by R. M. ThorneURL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15142/T3HS32 9 How Whistler-Mode Waves and Thermal Plasma Density Control the Global Distribution of the Diffuse Aurora and the Dynamical Evolution of Radiation Belt ElectronsRichard M. Thorne, Jacob Bortnik, Wen Li, Lunjin Chen, Binbin Ni, and Qianli Ma 117 10 Plasma Wave Measurements from the Van Allen ProbesGeorge B. Hospodarsky, W. S. Kurth, C. A. Kletzing, S. R. Bounds, O. Santolik, Richard M. Thorne, Wen Li, T. F. Averkamp, J. R. Wygant, and J. W. Bonnell 127 Video D. J. Williams (1974) with Remarks by L. J. Lanzerotti (2014)URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15142/T3GW2D 11 Ring Current Ions Measured by the RBSPICE Instrument on the Van Allen Probes MissionLouis J. Lanzerotti and Andrew J. Gerrard 145 12 Global Modeling of Wave Generation Processes in the Inner MagnetosphereVania K. Jordanova 155 Part IV Unified Global Modeling of Ionosphere and Magnetosphere at Earth Video P. M. Banks (1974) with Remarks by R. W. Schunk (2014)URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15142/T30W22 13 Modeling Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling via Ion Outflow: Past, Present, and FutureR. W. Schunk 169 14 Coupling the Generalized Polar Wind Model to Global Magnetohydrodynamics: Initial ResultsDaniel T. Welling, Abdallah R. Barakat, J. Vincent Eccles, R. W. Schunk, and Charles R. Chappell 179 Video D. H. Fairfield (1974) with Remarks by J. A. Slavin (2014)URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15142/T38C78 15 Coupling Ionospheric Outflow into Magnetospheric Models: Transverse Heating from Wave-Particle InteractionsAlex Glocer 195 16 Modeling of the Evolution of Storm-Enhanced Density Plume during the 24 to 25 October 2011 Geomagnetic StormShasha Zou and Aaron J. Ridley 205 Video (1974) and Remarks by R. A. Wolf (2014)URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15142/T34K5B 17 Forty-Seven Years of the Rice Convection ModelR. A. Wolf, R. W. Spiro, S. Sazykin, F. R. Toffoletto, and J. Yang 215 18 Magnetospheric Model Performance during Conjugate AuroraWilliam Longley, Patricia Reiff, Jone Peter Reistad, and Nikolai Ostgaard 227 Video C. G. Park (1974) with Remarks by D. L. Carpenter (2014)URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15142/T3NK50 19 Day-to-Day Variability of the Quiet-Time Plasmasphere Caused by Thermosphere WindsJonathan Krall, Joseph D. Huba, Douglas P. Drob, Geoff Crowley, and Richard E. Denton 235 Part V The Coupling of the Ionosphere and Magnetosphere at Other Planets and Moons in the Solar System Video (1974) and Remarks (2014) by A. F. NagyURL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15142/T3RC7M 20 Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling at Planets and SatellitesThomas E. Cravens 245 21 Plasma Measurements at Non-Magnetic Solar System BodiesAndrew J. Coates 259 Video F. V. Coroniti (1976) with Remarks by M. G. Kivelson (2014)URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15142/T3W30F 22 Plasma Wave Observations with Cassini at SaturnGeorge B. Hospodarsky, J. D. Menietti, D. Piša, W. S. Kurth, D. A. Gurnett, A. M. Persoon, J. S. Leisner, and T. F. Averkamp 277 23 Titan's Interaction with Saturn's MagnetosphereJoseph H. Westlake, Thomas E. Cravens, Robert E. Johnson, Stephen A. Ledvina, Janet G. Luhmann, Donald G. Mitchell, Matthew S. Richard, Ilkka Sillanpaa, Sven Simon, Darci Snowden, J. Hunter Waite, Jr., and Adam K.Woodson 291 Part VI The Unified Modeling of the Ionosphere and Magnetosphere at Other Planets and Moons in the Solar System Video T. W. Hill and P. H. Reiff (1976) with Remarks by T. W. Hill (2014)URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15142/T37C7Z 24 Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling at Jupiter and SaturnThomas W. Hill 309 25 Global MHD Modeling of the Coupled Magnetosphere-Ionosphere System at SaturnXianzhe Jia, Margaret G. Kivelson, and Tamas I. Gombosi 319 Video G. C. Reid (1976) with Remarks by R. L. McPherron (2014)URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15142/T3S888 26 Simulation Studies of Magnetosphere and Ionosphere Coupling in Saturn's MagnetosphereRaymond J. Walker and Keiichiro Fukazawa 335 27 Characterizing the Enceladus Torus by Its Contribution to Saturn's MagnetosphereYing-Dong Jia, Hanying Wei, and Christopher T. Russell 345 Part VII Future Directions for Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling Research Video E. R. Schmerling and L. D. Kavanagh (1974) with Remarks by P. M. Banks (2014) and J. R. Doupnik (2014)URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15142/T3MK5P 28 Future Atmosphere-Ionosphere-Magnetosphere Coupling Study RequirementsThomas E. Moore, Kevin S. Brenneman, Charles R. Chappell, James H. Clemmons, Glyn A. Collinson, Christopher Cully, Eric Donovan, Gregory D. Earle, Daniel J. Gershman, R. A. Heelis, Lynn M. Kistler, Larry Kepko, George Khazanov, David J. Knudsen, Marc Lessard, Elizabeth A. MacDonald, Michael J. Nicolls, Craig J.Pollock, Robert Pfaff, Douglas E. Rowland, Ennio Sanchez, R. W. Schunk, Joshua Semeter, Robert J.Strangeway, and Jeffrey Thayer 357 DOI List 377 Index 379

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Book SynopsisAn Exciting and Authoritative Account of the Second Golden Age of Solar System Exploration Award-winning author Peter Bond provides an up-to-date, in-depth account of the sun and its family in the 2nd edition of Exploring the Solar System. This new edition brings together the discoveries and advances in scientific understanding made during the last 60 years of solar and planetary exploration, using research conducted by the world''s leading geoscientists, astronomers, and physicists. Exploring the Solar System, 2nd Edition is an ideal introduction for non-science undergraduates and anyone interested in learning about our small corner of the Milky Way galaxy.Table of ContentsIntroduction to the First Edition ix Introduction to the Second Edition xi About the Companion Website xii 1 Beginnings 1 2 Sun 25 3 Earth 57 4 The Moon 92 5 Mercury 121 6 Venus 146 7 Mars 173 8 Jupiter 231 9 Saturn 269 10 Uranus 314 11 Neptune 336 12 Pluto and the Kuiper Belt 354 13 Comets, Asteroids, and Meteorites 384 14 Exoplanets 438 Appendices 475 Glossary 500 Further Reading 506 Index 521

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a study of the various feelings of awe and wonder experienced by astronauts during space flight. It summarizes the results of two experimental, interdisciplinary studies that employ methods from neuroscience, psychology, phenomenology and simulation technology, and it argues for a non-reductionist approach to cognitive science.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction: How to study subjective experiences PART I: STUDYING AWE AND WONDER Chapter 2: Hermeneutical explorations Chapter 3: Awe and wonder in a simulated space flight: Experiment 1 Chapter 4: Neurophenomenology and simulation: Philosophical ground control and a sharpening of our tools Chapter 5: Redesigning Plato's cave: Experiment 2 PART II: INSIGHTS AND EXTENSIONS Chapter 6: The phenomenology of unprecedented experience: Ontological and cognitive wonder Chapter 7: Science and science fiction: How popular culture shapes our expectations about space Chapter 8: The very idea of non-reductionist science

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Book SynopsisLooks with 3D terrain models that take you on a trip to the surfaces of the rocky planets. As well as covering the Sun, the planets, hundreds of moons and thousands of asteroids and comets, this title includes all the major Solar System missions, right up to the Mars rovers.

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Book SynopsisCan astronauts reach Mars by 2035? Absolutely, says Buzz Aldrin, one of the first men to walk on the moon. Celebrated astronaut, brilliant engineer, bestselling author, Aldrin believes it is not only possibly but vital to America’s future to keep pushing the space frontier outward for the sake of exploration, science, development, commerce, and security. What we need, he argues, is a commitment by the U.S. President as rousing as JFK’s promise to reach the moon by the end of the 1960s—an audacious, inspiring goal-and a unified vision for space exploration. In Mission to Mars, Aldrin plots that trajectory, stressing that American-led space exploration is essential to the economic and technological vitality of the nation and the world. Do you dare to dream big? Then join Aldrin in his thought provoking and inspiring Mission to Mars.Trade ReviewColonising space is essential for the long term survival of the human race, and Buzz Aldrin's book shows us how. - Stephen Hawking

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Book SynopsisIn these rich pages, veteran science journalist Leonard David explores the moon in all its facets, from ancient myth to future 'Moon Village' plans. Illustrating his text with maps, graphics, and photographs, David offers inside information about how the United States, allies and competitors, as well as key private corporations like Moon Express and Jeff Bezos's Blue Origin, plan to reach, inhabit, and even harvest the moon in the decades to come. Spurred on by the Google Lunar XPRIZE - $20 million for the first to get to the moon and send images home - the 21st-century space race back to the moon has become more urgent, and more timely, than ever. Accounts of these new strategies are set against past efforts, including stories never before told about the Apollo missions and Cold War plans for military surveillance and missile launches from the moon. Timely and fascinating, this book sheds new light on our constant lunar companion, offering reasons to gaze up and see it in a dTrade Review“Leonard David, author of Moon Rush: The New Space Race, sees the Apollo astronauts’ scientific work as unfinished, but critical to understanding not only the moon’s origins, but also that of our own planet and potential Earth-like exoplanets.” –History.com “There’s a whole lot of buzz about such possibilities, but David is the first to offer a cohesive vision of what scientists, industry, and the world’s space-faring governments have in mind.” –Wired "My new book for National Geographic – Moon Rush: The New Space Race – will be launched next May, a volume that explores the Moon in all its facets, from ancient myth to future “Moon Village” plans; inside information about how the United States, allies and competitors, as well as key private corporations like Moon Express and Jeff Bezos’s Blue Origin, plan to reach, inhabit, and even harvest the Moon in the decades to come." –Leonarddavid.com/starstruck"Award-winning space journalist Leonard David covers lunar science as well as the other motivations to go to the moon...In addition to a foreword by Buzz Aldrin, there’s an afterword by Apollo 17 astronaut Harrison Schmitt, the last person alive to set foot on the moon." –Geekwire“There’s a growing commercial and international interest in robotic and human missions to the Moon, stimulated by tried-and-true national prestige or more uncertain business prospects. That’s nicely summarized in Moon Rush, the latest book by veteran space journalist Leonard David…But unlike so many other books this year that look backward to Apollo 11 and the early Space Age, most of Moon Rush primarily looks ahead to the future of lunar exploration.” –The Space Review

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Book SynopsisCurious kids will learn about the different planets in our solar system, including our own precious planet, Earth! Interactive spreads help young readers learn basic concepts while sweet, poetic text helps them understand how special our solar system is in the grand context of outer space. These engaging Explore My World picture books on subjects kids care about combine simple stories with unforgettable photography. They invite little kids to take their first big steps toward understanding the world around them and are just the thing for parents and kids to curl up with and read aloud.

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Book SynopsisAlthough astronomical CCD cameras can be very costly, digital cameras – the kind you use on holiday – on the other hand, are relatively inexpensive.Trade ReviewOn the first edition (2006): Buick, an experienced amateur astronomer, uses his own images... to illustrate a variety of equipment... [N]ovice imagers can rest assured that the images here are what the beginner can realistically expect to achieve... I enjoyed this book, and learned from it too. --Peter Grego, in Popular Astronomy, July-September 2006 The color images he has produced – there are over 300 of them in the book – are of breathtaking quality. His book is more than a manual of techniques (including details of how to make a low-cost DIY camera mount) and examples; it also provides a concise photographic atlas of the whole of the nearside of the Moon – with every image made using a standard digital camera – and describes the various lunar features, including the sites of manned and robotic landings. --eBook30.comTable of ContentsNote on the Second Edition by Philip Pugh.- Foreword by Sir Patrick Moore.- Preface.- Chapter 1: Introduction.- Chapter 2: Choosing Your Equipment.- Chapter 3: Setting Up.- Chapter 4: Photographing the Phases of the Moon.- Chapter 5: Identifiying Regions of the Moon.- Chapter 6: Techniques for Photographing the Moon.- Chapter 7: Photographing Lunar Events.- Chapter 8: Processing Lunar Images.- Chapter 9: Solar System Moons.- Chapter 10: Photographing the Planets.- Chapter 11: The Sun.- Chapter 12: Transits.- Chapter 13: And What Else?.- Chapter 14: A Few Final Words.- Appendix.- Glossary.- Index.

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Book SynopsisIllustrations.- Author's Preface.- Acknowledgements.- Foreword.- Chapter 1: Apollo - an extraordinary adventure.- Chapter 2: The Apollo Flights - a brief history.- Chapter 3: Launch - a fiery departure.- Chapter 4: Earth orbit and TLI.- Chapter 5: Retrieving the lander.- Chapter 6: Navigating to the Moon.- Chapter 7: Coasting to the Moon.- Chapter 8:Entering lunar orbit - the LOI manoeuvre.- Chapter 9: Preparation for landing.- Chapter 10: Next stop - the Moon.- Chapter 11: Down in the dust.- Chapter 12: Exploration at its greatest.- Chapter 13: Rendezvous and docking.- Chapter 14: Heading for home.- Chapter 15: Re-entry.- Epilogue.- Glossary.- Appendix 1: Computer programs.- Appendix 2: Mission data.- Further reading.- Index.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews of the second edition:“This book was written for those … to learn without the prerequisite degree in aeronautics. … Due to the high level of detail that is paid to virtually all aspects of Apollo, this book is well worth the price and should be considered a must have for space aficionados. … There are additional stories of Apollo’s engineering triumphs both on the surface of the Moon as well as in flight, much of which reflects my continuing journey into the technical achievement that was Apollo.” (Jason Rhian, Aviation Week, March, 2011)“How Apollo Flew to the Moon is the consummate technical narrative about the Apollo lunar program for the nontechnical reader. … for those who have a long-held interest in the Apollo program and always wondered how things worked this is a treasure trove. … is not only a fun and accessible tech-read but also a very valuable reference book, where you will find detail and minutia that is difficult to find anywhere else. … no comparable work which is so accessible or rewarding to read.” (Rod Pyle, Quest, Vol. 19 (3), 2012)Table of ContentsIllustrations.- Author's Preface.- Acknowledgements.- Foreword.- Chapter 1: Apollo - an extraordinary adventure.- Chapter 2: The Apollo Flights - a brief history.- Chapter 3: Launch - a fiery departure.- Chapter 4: Earth orbit and TLI.- Chapter 5: Retrieving the lander.- Chapter 6: Navigating to the Moon.- Chapter 7: Coasting to the Moon.- Chapter 8: Entering lunar orbit - the LOI manoeuvre.- Chapter 9: Preparation for landing.- Chapter 10: Next stop - the Moon.- Chapter 11: Down in the dust.- Chapter 12: Exploration at its greatest.- Chapter 13: Rendezvous and docking.- Chapter 14: Heading for home.- Chapter 15: Re-entry.- Epilogue.- Glossary.- Appendix 1: Computer programs.- Appendix 2: Mission data.- Further reading.- Index.

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Book SynopsisIf you have ever wondered how we get from the awesome impersonality of the Big Bang universe to the point where living creatures can start to form, and evolve into beings like you, your friends and your family, wonder no more.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:“The Chemical Cosmos: A Guided Tour is an astronomy book about chemistry – or perhaps a chemistry book about astronomy. … well-structured and unifies a number of different elements of astronomy. Miller is careful to explain the technical vocabulary that you need to discuss the subject. The writing is clear and he has a light and humorous touch. … I enjoyed reading the book and learned a number of new things. I think anyone with an interest in astronomy or chemistry would find it interesting.” (BellaOnline.com, August, 2013)“The book might well inspire A-level students or their teachers to see the Universe as a place with many very interesting chemistry problems.” (Mike Edmunds, The Observatory, Vol. 132 (1230), October, 2012)“This is another book aiming to summarize 13 billion years of cosmic history in relatively few pages. … Recent discoveries of potentially life-supporting niches in the solar system, as well as the numerous recently discovered exoplanets, are described in broad strokes. The index and annotated bibliography are helpful, and the volume includes many rarely seen and well-chosen illustrations. Suitable for lay readers … . Summing Up: Recommended. General audiences.” (T. R. Blackburn, Choice, Vol. 49 (10), June, 2012)“Steve Miller is a professor at UCL and an accomplished speaker at the RAS … . He’s written a book I’m pleased to recommend for its light touch and humour … and, above all, for his willingness to explain. After a most enjoyable read, I had quite a bit to think about and there is a useful section of recommended further reading.” (Roger O’Brien, Journal of the British Astronomical Association, Vol. 122 (1), 2012)Table of ContentsPrologue.- Purple haze: introducing our guide.- The early universe: the source of chemistry – and of our guide.- Shooting the rapids: the life, and death, of the earliest starlight.- Interlude - how our guide is hooked, lost and caught again.- Heading downstream and cooking by starlight.- Fishing for molecules.- Branching out: in the land of the giants and dwarves.- Interlude - trawling for our cosmic guide.- In the delta: exoplanets - worlds, but not as we know them.- Towards the sea of life.- Epilogue.- Annotated references and further reading to chapters.- Some useful numbers.- Index.

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Book SynopsisIntroduction.- Ancient Models of the Universe/Solar System from several non-European cultures.- Earth-centered universe/Solar System model of the Classical Greeks through the Roman and Middle Ages.- Sun-centered universe/Solar System models in the pre-telescope era.- Sun-centered universe/Solar System in the early telescope era.- More powerful telescopes and associated advances leading to a separation of our solar system from the wider universe, as nebulae and galaxies were discovered.- How the Solar System has been more accurately perceived in the Space Age.Trade ReviewFrom the book reviews:“Each chapter is superbly illustrated with contemporary maps and photographs. … The book is rounded off with comprehensive notes and references for each chapter and an excellent bibliography and glossary. … It is just as comprehensive, well researched and expertly presented, with the keen eye of an astronomical historian with a thorough knowledge of his subject. … could easily form the core of any modern library of astronomical literature devoted to its history.” (Kevin J. Kilburn, The Journal of the British Astronomical Association, britastro.org, December, 2014)“This work is liberally illustrated, with many images taken from the private collection of amateur astronomer/star map specialist Kanas … . The present book will be most useful to readers interested in an accessible survey of how world views developed in many cultures around the globe, sometimes in parallel and sometimes influenced by one another. … Summing Up: Recommended. All academic and general readers.” (S. P. Maran, Choice, Vol. 51 (8), April, 2014)“Dr. Kanas has written an engaging, clear, readable book for laypeople with an interest in the history of solar system and our relationship to it. … Dr. Kanas’s book gives a good, solid well-researched introduction to the history of the solar system. He explains complex ideas clearly and summarizes the main concepts concisely to solidify one’s understanding of the concepts.” (Julie Sweetkind-Singer, California Map Society Newsletter, Issue 1, April, 2014)Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Ancient Models of the Universe/Solar System from several non-European cultures.- Earth-centered universe/Solar System model of the Classical Greeks through the Roman and Middle Ages.- Sun-centered universe/Solar System models in the pre-telescope era.- Sun-centered universe/Solar System in the early telescope era.- More powerful telescopes and associated advances leading to a separation of our solar system from the wider universe, as nebulae and galaxies were discovered.- How the Solar System has been more accurately perceived in the Space Age.

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Book SynopsisAstronomers learn much of what they know about the mass, brightness, and size of stars by observing binary systems, in which two stars orbit each other, periodically cutting off the others light.Table of ContentsI Introduction.- The Database and Methods of Data Acquisition.- II Modeling and Analysis.- A General Approach to Modeling Eclipsing Binaries.- Determination of Eclipsing Binary Parameters.- Advanced Topics and Techniques.- III Light Curve Programs and Software Packages.- Light Curve Models and Software.- TheWilson#x2013;Devinney Program: Extensions and Applications.- Light Curve Software with Graphical User Interface and Visualization.- The Structure of Light Curve Programs and the Outlook for the Future.

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Book SynopsisThe Science of Solar System IcesTable of ContentsForeword.- Preface.- Acknowledgements.- Part I - Optical Remote Sensing of Planetary Ices.- Chapter 1: Observed Ices in the Solar System.- Chapter 2: Photometric Properties of Solar System Ices.- Chapter 3: Ultraviolet Properties of Planetary Ices.- Chapter 4: The Ices on Transneptunain Objects and Centaurs.- Part II: Ice Physical Properties and Planetary Applications.- Chapter 5: First-Principles Calculations of Physical Properties of Planetary Ices.- Chapter 6: Frictional Sliding of Cold Ice: A Fundamental Process Underlying Tectonic Activity Within Icy Satellites.- Chapter 7: Planetary Ices Attenuation Properties.- Chapter 8: Deformation Behavior of Ice in Polar Ice Sheets.- Chapter 9: Cratering in Icy Bodies.- Chapter 10: Geology of Icy Bodies.- Part III - Volatiles in Ices.- Chapter 11: Amorphous and Crystalline H2O-Ice.- Chapter 12: Clathrate Hydrates: Implications for Exchange Processes in the Outer Solar System.- Chapter 13: Cometary Ices.- Chapter 14: Gas Trapping in Ice and Its Release Upon Warming.- Part IV: Surface Ice Chemistry.- Chapter 15: Chemistry in Ices - From Fundamentals to Planetary Applications.- Chapter 16: Radiation Effects in Water ice in the Outer Solar System.- Chapter 17: Sputtering of Ices.- Chapter 18: Photochemistry in Terrestrial Ices.- Index.

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Book SynopsisSpace Pharmacology is a review of the current knowledge regarding the use of pharmaceuticals during spaceflights. Every section begins with a topic overview, and is followed by a discussion of published data from spaceflight, and from ground experiments meant to model the spaceflight situation.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Introduction.- Chapter 2: Absorption.- Chapter 3: Distribution.- Chapter 4: Metabolism and Excretion.- Chapter 5: Central Nervous System.- Chapter 6: Cardiovascular System.- Chapter 7: Gastrointestinal System.- Chapter 8: Musculoskeletal System.- Chapter 9: Multiple Systems Spaceflight Effects.- Chapter 10: Conclusions - Special Challenges of Long Duration Exploration.- References.- Abbreviations.

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Book Synopsis'A deft, frequently dramatic tour'Nature'A wonderfully clear and readable book . . . Gives a splendid overview of our Sun's planetary system, including its history and exploration'Dame Jocelyn Bell Burnell*We have the impression that the solar system is perfectly regular like a clock, or a planetarium instrument. On a short timescale it is. But, seen in a longer perspective, the planets, and their satellites, have exciting lives, full of events - for example, did you know that Saturn's moon, Titan, boasts lakes which contain liquid methane surrounded by soaring hills and valleys, exactly as the earth did before life evolved on our fragile planet? Or that Mercury is the shyest planet? Or, that Mars' biggest volcano is 100 times the size of Earth's, or that its biggest canyon is 10 times the depth of the Grand Canyon, or that it wasn't always red, but blue? The culmination of a lifetime of astronomy and wonder, Paul Murdin's enchanting new book reveals everything you ever wanted to know about the planets, their satellites, and our place in the solar system.

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Book SynopsisWith the bulk of asteroids floating in space between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, astronomers puzzle over where these rocks came from. Are they the remnants of a planet? Excess not used in the formation of the Solar System? Nothing more than random bits of debris? The location of the belt makes for a quasi-barrier separating the inner from the outer planets. Perhaps asteroids were meant to discourage human space exploration. NASA has sent missions to explore the asteroid belt and the rocks themselves, and those missions have yielded some interesting observations on the composition of the asteroids but no definitive answer as to their origin. Earth-based tools such as telescopes and satellites also contribute to asteroid research but cannot plumb the depths behind these varied chunks of flotsam. Presented in this book is a list of carefully chosen abstracts and citations of relevant literature about asteroids and the research into them. Prior to this listing, though, comes an overview of the nature of the asteroids and what we know now about them and what we hope to discover in the future. Such a collection makes for a valuable resource in the study of space and the lifeless but mysterious rocks inhabiting the solar system. To conclude, easy access is provided through author, title, and subject indexes.

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Book SynopsisThis new book presents leading-edge research on Mars which is the fourth planet from the Sun in the Solar System. The planet is named after Mars, the Roman god of war. It is also referred to as the ''Red Planet'' because of its reddish appearance as seen from Earth. A terrestrial planet, Mars has a thin atmosphere and surface features reminiscent both of the impact craters of the Moon and the volcanoes, valleys, deserts and polar ice caps of Earth. It is the site of Olympus Moons, the highest known mountain in the solar system, and of Valles Marineris, the largest canyon. In addition to its geographical features, Mars'' rotational period and seasonal cycles are likewise similar to those of the Earth Mars has two moons, Phobos and Deimos, which are small and irregularly shaped. These may be captured asteroids, similar to 5261 Eureka, a Martian Trojan asteroid. Mars can be seen from Earth with the naked eye. Its apparent magnitude reaches -2.9, a brightness surpassed only by Venus, the Moon, and the Sun, though for much of the year Jupiter may appear brighter to the naked eye than Mars.

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Book SynopsisThe solar wind is a stream of charged particles -- a plasma -- ejected from the upper atmosphere of the sun. It consists mostly of electrons and protons with energies of about 1 keV. These particles are able to escape the sun''s gravity, in part because of the high temperature of the corona, but also because of high kinetic energy that particles gain through a process that is not well-understood at this time. The solar wind creates the Heliosphere, a vast bubble in the interstellar medium surrounding the solar system. Other phenomena include geomagnetic storms that can knock out power grids on Earth, the aurorae such as the Northern Lights, and the plasma tails of comets that always point away from the sun. This book presents the latest research in the world on this topic.

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Book SynopsisIn the summer of 1878 three ruthless and brilliant scientists raced to Wyoming and Colorado to observe a total solar eclipse. One sought to discover a new planet. Another fought to prove that science was not an anathema to femininity. And a young, megalomaniacal inventor sought to test his bona fides and light the world through his revelations. David Baron brings to life these three competitors—James Craig Watson, Maria Mitchell and Thomas Edison—re-creating the jockeying of nineteenth-century astronomy. With accounts of train robberies and Indian skirmishes, the last days of the Wild West come alive. A magnificent portrayal of America’s dawn as a superpower, American Eclipse depicts a nation looking to the skies to reveal its ambition and expose its genius.Trade Review"Baron's stories are good ones, well told." -- Nature"American Eclipse is an incredibly well written work of non-fiction. It is clearly the result of considerable research and careful thought. And it tells a great story." -- Book of the Month - BBC Sky at Night"... Eclipse is a shining example of scientific curiosity at work." -- New Scientist"The author gives a skillful account of the scientific aims of the various teams of eclipse-watchers, from the examination of the solar corona to the more precise calculation of the Moon’s orbit." -- 12 Books of Christmas - Sky at Night

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Book Synopsis"In his new book, Transit of Venus, 1631 to the Present, Dr Nick Lomb - an astronomer at the Sydney Observatpry and the author of the Australian Sky Guide - has produced what may be his most timely publication to date...Dr Lomb has cooked up both a titillating textual treat and a full-bodied visual feast, and whether his readers choose to nibble at the book meditatively or to ingest it voraciously in a single sitting, they are sure to come away licking their lips and drooling for more." - Michael E. Chauvin, The Bulletin The transit of Venus across the sun in June 2012 will be the last chance in our lifetime to see this rare planetary alignment that has been so important in history. Rich in historical detail and cutting edge science, along with practical information on how and when to view the transit, Transit of Venus is the must-have companion to this extraordinary astronomical event. From Johannes Kepler's first prediction of a transit of Venus in 1631, to Captain Cook's 1769 transit expedition to Tahiti (which led to the European settlement of Australia), and on to our 21st-century quest to find distant Earth-like planets using the transit method, astronomer Nick Lomb takes us on a thrilling journey of exploration and adventure.

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Book SynopsisDespite a resurgence in popularity, horoscopes are generally considered to be pseudoscience today - but they were once a cutting-edge scientific tool. In this ingenious work of history, data scientist Alexander Boxer examines a treasure trove of esoteric classical sources to expose the deep imaginative framework by which - for millennia - we made sense of our fates. Astrology, he argues, was the ancient world's most ambitious applied mathematics problem, a grand data-analysis enterprise sustained by some of history's most brilliant minds, from Ptolemy to al-Kindi to Kepler. A Scheme of Heaven explores the wonderful subtleties of astrological ideas. Telling the stories of their inventors and most influential exponents, Boxer puts them through their paces using modern data sets - finding that the methods of today's scientists are often uncomfortably close to those of astrology's ancient sages.Trade ReviewWith Boxer's thought-provoking offering of playful experiments and vibrant historical anecdotes, A Scheme of Heaven will entice even the most ardent sceptic. -- Madeleine Pollard * FT *Unusual and refreshing ... Boxer's work is far from a rehabilitation of the 'wretched science'. He takes it for granted that, in a strict and contemporary sense, astrology is bullshit. From there, he proceeds to draw out the impressive conceptual and psychological legacy of astrology in modern scientific thinking. He suggests - without ever labouring the point - that we may wish to keep an eye on whether other more respectable modern sciences, data science in particular, may also sometimes incline towards bullshit. But just as important, in Boxer's hands astrology is a playground. Whether he is recreating ancient star charts or performing statistical tests on astrological claims, he does it because it's fun -- Claire Hall * LRB *Enthusiastic, level-headed and with a good turn of phrase, [Boxer] leads his readers on an exhilarating trajectory. -- Andrew Lycett * Mail on Sunday *Boxer takes a lively, non-judgemental approach in this intellectual history, tracing astrology back to its beginnings in ancient Egypt to its modern day renaissance, taking in 'astrosexuality', Henry VIII's birth horoscope, personality traits and new-age thinkers along the way. Essential reading for anyone interested in going beyond their horoscope. -- Francesca Carington * Tatler *Wide-ranging and full of peculiar nuggets of information ... This is a book about a very human aspect of astrology - our desire to understand our fate - and its history, as well as the fallibility of data analysis, which is often far more subjective than it might seem at first glance. -- Fiona Lensvelt * Times *A delightful and utterly fascinating work of intellectual history. -- Joshua Foer, author of Moonwalking with EinsteinThrough striking diagrams and accessible explanations, Boxer shows us the impressive range of technology the ancients developed for tapping into astrology's predictive powers. This book demonstrates how impactful astrology is in everyday life-not through the influence of the stars, but rather through the deep scientific and cultural legacy that it so richly explores. -- Janelle Shane, author of You Look Like A Thing and I Love Youa masterful synthesis-science, history, legends, literature, and an eye-opening exploration of the human penchant for pattern recognition. The book is full of wit and refreshing insight. I'll never look at a horoscope-or the night sky-in quite the same way again. -- David Baron, author of American EclipseBoxer is a champion of intrepid thought. His learned book demonstrates how much we stand to gain by studying topics that just may be a little bit true. And a little truth, as Boxer shows, can change everything. -- Mitch Horowitz, PEN Award-winning author of Occult AmericaA fresh and original introduction to astrology's long history and deep cultural reach. Open and inquisitive, Boxer combines the critical perspective of a modern data scientist with a historian's sympathetic eye for telling detail. The result is a vivid and unique delight -- Stephen Johnston, University of OxfordEducated in both the humanities and the sciences, Boxer is uniquely qualified to guide his readers into a fascinating story of mathematical complexity. The overarching theme of our human destiny is inspirational. -- Norman Austin, Emeritus Professor of Classics, University of ArizonaAstrologers as the first and most ambitious quants and data scientists? Alexander Boxer's remarkable book reveals astrology's mathematical, scientific, historical, philosophical, and literary roots. He shows that astrology is not only an indispensable part of science history, but also springs from the same mixture of motives: the desire to control the world and to wonder about it. -- Robert P. Crease, author of The Workshop and the WorldA Scheme of Heaven is wide-ranging and full of peculiar nuggets of information ... This is a book about a very human aspect of astrology - our desire to understand our fate - and its history, as well as the fallibility of data analysis, which is often far more subjective than it might seem at first glance. -- Fiona Lensvelt * the Times *A Scheme of Heaven will make you fall in love with astrology, even as it extinguishes any niggling suspicion that it might actually work -- Simon Ings * Spectator *Fascinating ... his entertaining book explains fallacies that have given astrology unmerited credibility ... he also reveals how equivalent sloppiness may distort data science today. -- Jonathon Keats * New Scientist *

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Book SynopsisFull of personal insights and accounts of the long journey to getting a man on the moon, Missions to the Moon is the perfect companion for anyone with a love of space travel, the moon landings, or NASA, CNSA, RFSA, and the rest of the world's space programs. With dozens of stunning photographs and fascinating memorabilia – such as Apollo 11 Mission Reports and Flight Director's Logs – track the birth of the space race and Yuri Gagarin's first space flight, to the many successes and failures of the Apollo mission, all the way to that boots-on-the-ground moment we have come to know so well. Uniquely complemented by ground-breaking digital technology you can become fully immersed in this interactive story of mankind's ongoing journey into the final frontier. Table of ContentsMan and Moon • Vengeance Takes Flight • Sleeping Under a Red Moon • Aiming for the Moon • How to go to the Moon • Soviet Disasters • A Most Complex Machine • The Flight of the Phoenix • Into the Void • Christmas in Space • Flying to the Moon • Dress Rehearsals • Preparing for the Big One • The Voyage of Apollo 11 • 'Contact Light!' • Magnificent Desolation • Laughs From Luna: Apollo 12 • A Successful Failure: Apollo 13 • Shepard Returns • The Lunar Rover • The Genesis Rock • Landing in the Lunar Highlands • Final Moments: Apollo 17 • The Legacy of Apollo • Europe Returns to Space • Asia Ascendant • Moonbase.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a global and synthetic vision of planetology – the study of objects in the Solar System. In the past several decades, planetology has undergone a real revolution, marked in particular by the discovery of the Kuiper belt beyond Neptune, the discovery of extrasolar planets, and also by the space exploration of ever more distant objects. Today, it is at the crossroads of many disciplines: astronomy, geophysics, geochemistry and biology. The Solar System 1 deals with the Solar System as a whole, offering a general presentation of the objects that compose it and its place in the galaxy. It also deals with planetary systems, exoplanets and the interaction of Solar System objects with interplanetary medium. Finally, it analyzes the telluric and giant planets.Table of ContentsPreface xi Thérèse Encrenaz and James Lequeux Chapter 1 General Presentation of the Solar System 1 Thérèse Encrenaz, Françoise Roques and Laurent Lamy 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Mechanics and dynamics of the Solar System 6 1.2.1 Newton’s law of gravitation 7 1.2.2 Kepler’s laws r 7 1.2.3 Mean motion resonances 9 1.2.4 The N-body problem 10 1.2.5 The role of collisions 12 1.2.6 Migrations in the Solar System 13 1.2.7 The role of gravity in a solid body 15 1.2.8 Special configurations of the Sun–Earth–Moon system 17 1.3 Physics of the Solar System 18 1.3.1 Equilibrium temperature of an object in the Solar System 19 1.3.2 Planets 22 1.3.3 Satellites 29 1.3.4 Small bodies of the Solar System 32 1.3.5 The interplanetary medium 37 1.4 References 42 Chapter 2 Solar and Planetary Systems 45 James Lequeux 2.1 The Sun in the Galaxy 45 2.2 Planetary systems in the Galaxy 47 2.3 Interstellar matter 49 2.3.1 History 49 2.3.2 Chemical composition 50 2.3.3 Physical properties 52 2.4 The formation of stars with masses close to that of the Sun 55 2.5 Circumstellar disks 63 2.6 Formation of planetesimals and planetoids 67 2.7 The environment of the Solar System at its birth 70 2.8 Detection and properties of exoplanets and their systems 71 2.8.1 First attempts 71 2.8.2 The unexpected discovery of planets around a pulsar 73 2.8.3 Exoplanet detection methods 74 2.8.4 Some statistical results 82 2.8.5 The diversity of exoplanets 83 2.8.6 Exoplanet atmospheres 88 2.8.7 Habitable planets 91 2.8.8 Some extrasolar planetary systems 94 2.9 References 95 Chapter 3 The Interaction of Solar System Bodies with the Interplanetary Medium 99 Laurent Lamy 3.1 Interplanetary plasma: origin and properties of the solar wind 100 3.1.1 Coronal expansion 100 3.1.2 The structure of the heliosphere in the ecliptic plane 103 3.1.3 The three-dimensional structure of the heliosphere 107 3.1.4 Transient structures of the solar wind 109 3.1.5 The boundaries of the heliosphere 112 3.2 Planetary envelopes 116 3.2.1 Upper planetary atmospheres 116 3.2.2 Planetary magnetic fields 124 3.3 The solar wind’s interaction with objects of the Solar System 126 3.3.1 The different types of interaction 126 3.3.2 The case of non-magnetized gaseous envelopes 129 3.3.3 The case of magnetized planets 135 3.3.4 Planetary auroral processes 153 3.4 Acknowledgements 163 3.5 References 163 Chapter 4 Telluric Planets 167 Thérèse Encrenaz, Marcello Fulchignoni and Laurent Lamy 4.1 The exploration of the telluric planets 167 4.1.1 From antiquity to the space age 167 4.1.2 The beginning of the space age 168 4.1.3 The return to Mars 169 4.1.4 The return to Venus 171 4.1.5 Observations from the ground 172 4.1.6 The exploration of planet Earth 174 4.1.7 Global Climatic Models 175 4.1.8 The electromagnetic spectrum of telluric planets 175 4.2 Objects without an atmosphere: Mercury, the Moon 177 4.2.1 Orbital parameters and macroscopic characteristics 179 4.2.2 Exospheres 180 4.2.3 Internal structure 181 4.2.4 The surfaces of Mercury and the Moon 185 4.2.5 The origin of Mercury and the Moon 194 4.2.6 Mercury’s magnetosphere 197 4.3 Objects with an atmosphere (Venus, Earth, Mars) 200 4.3.1 The interior and the magnetic field 201 4.3.2 The surface 208 4.3.3 The atmosphere 217 4.3.4 The satellites of Mars 241 4.4 References 242 Chapter 5 Giant Planets 245 Thérèse Encrenaz and Laurent Lamy 5.1 The exploration of giant planets 245 5.1.1 From Antiquity to the Space Age 245 5.1.2 Space exploration 246 5.1.3 Exploration from Earth and the terrestrial environment 251 5.1.4 The electromagnetic spectrum of giant planets 253 5.2 The atmosphere of giant planets 256 5.2.1 Atmospheric composition 256 5.2.2 Elemental and isotopic abundance ratios 257 5.2.3 Thermal structure 264 5.2.4 Atmospheric circulation and cloud structure 266 5.2.5 High atmosphere and photochemistry 269 5.3 The internal structure of giant planets 271 5.3.1 Experimental data 271 5.3.2 The construction of internal energy models 274 5.3.3 The results 276 5.4 The magnetospheres of the giant planets 279 5.4.1 Jupiter’s giant magnetosphere 279 5.4.2 Saturn’s symmetrical magnetosphere 295 5.4.3 The asymmetric magnetospheres of Uranus and Neptune 302 5.5 References 304 Appendix Web links 309 Glossary 311 List of Authors 323 Index 325

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Book SynopsisAn accessible, abridged edition with a new introduction. Renaissance Natural philosopher Nicolaus Copernicus's pioneering discovery of the heliocentric nature of the solar system is one of the few identifiable moments in history that define the understanding of the nature of all things. His great work was the consequence of long observation and resulted in the first stage of the Scientific Revolution by correctly positing that the earth and other planets of the solar system revolved around the sun. Not only did this promote further study to understand the place of humanity in the world and the universe, it questioned the authority of the organised Christian Church in the West to be the keeper of fundamental truths. Ultimately this would lead to the Enlightenment, and the separation of religion, government and science. The FLAME TREE Foundations series features core publications which together have shaped the cultural landscape of the modern world, with cutting-edge research distilled into pocket guides designed to be both accessible and informative.

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