Sociolinguistics Books

Book SynopsisIn this book, Robert J. Lowe introduces frame analysis, a qualitative research approach grounded in the critical theory of the early Frankfurt School and framing in the social sciences. Lowe sets out the principles of the frame analysis approach and provides a guide to conducting this kind of research in practice.Focused on identifying and challenging ideology through immanent critique, Lowe presents a methodological guide and research report. He begins by explaining early critical theory and the frame analysis approach, followed by a detailed example of its application. This example illustrates the key stages: identifying participants' ideological presuppositions through their âœmaster framing,â questioning the internal logic of this framing, and presenting contradictions to participants. Finally, the researcher observes reactions and documents emerging counter-framing, marking the first signs of resistance to dominant ideology.By applying this approach to issues in English language teaching, the book questions some of the ways in which the rhetoric of pluralism and diversity around English as an international language may stand at odds with the realities of a world in which some varieties of the language have more prestige than others. Through the frame analysis approach, the author suggests that researchers can play a role in empowering language learners and users to advocate for a world in which they can take true ownership of the language. Key reading for all qualitative researchers and advanced students in applied linguistics, sociolinguistics, ELT/TESOL and linguistic anthropology.

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Book SynopsisThis volume provides six distinct frameworks for integrating translanguaging and multimodality as pedagogical possibilities in today's classrooms and beyond. It brings the two constructs together in investigating the language and literacy experiences of multilingual learners across a range of sociocultural and educational contexts.The book features contributions from scholars across the Global North and Global South who embrace the importance of validating scholarly experiences from the Global South as a way to transcend geographical boundaries in creating more equitable knowledge spaces. The contributing authors share their innovative theoretical and methodological orientations to translanguaging and multimodality, informed by their considerable expertise as scholars and educators. They address conceptual questions such as issues related to cultural flow, civic and professional identities, entanglement, materiality, first-order languaging, and raciolinguistic ideologies.

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Book SynopsisThis third edition provides a comprehensive view of intercultural communication through its concise style and unique theoretical framework of ten interconnected principles.This edition engages students in active learning by showing how these principles come into play in their intercultural journeys. The new edition has been thoroughly revised, adding new side trips' and introducing focus in theory' boxes, chapter glossaries, and fresh examples with updated references. Each chapter again includes detailed case studies with question prompts that invite students to make connections between theory and their daily lives.This text is ideally suited for upper-level or graduate intercultural communication courses within communication, linguistics, and anthropology departments.New to this edition are online materials for instructors, including a test bank and suggested further readings and links to useful resources. Please visit

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a four-step framework to help English as a world language (EWL) learners successfully develop global competence, which is defined as the skills, values, and behaviors that prepare young people to thrive in diverse environments. The book showcases practical methods and strategies supported by autoethnography and empirical studies to detail the four elements of the framework towards developing global competence: English language proficiency, cross-cultural knowledge, adopting flexibility in oral communication, and embracing values beyond our horizons. While the English language and culture provide essential input for effective communication, developing flexibility in communication styles and viewing conflict as an opportunity for growth can help L2 learners navigate intercultural encounters more effectively and achieve cross-cultural adaptation. This text will be beneficial to language learners, intercultural communication majors, researchers, and educators in TESOL/EFL/ESL programs, as well as in-service teachers of English language learners (ELLs).

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Book SynopsisWithin Africa, radio provides an important platform for accommodating diverse linguistic groups and enabling speakers to express themselves in their own local languages. This book investigates how radio broadcasting across the continent provides a platform for the cultural participation and the representation of minority language speakers in a contested public sphere.In African media a fierce contest wages for representation and participation, in which majority languages often emerge at the exclusion of minority ethnolinguistic groups. This book considers the important role that community radio stations can play in broadcasting in minority languages. Drawing on in-depth original analysis, ethnographic observation, and interviews with minority language radio hosts and guests from across South Africa, Zimbabwe, Nigeria, Malawi, Namibia, Mozambique, Lesotho and Kenya, the book considers to what extent African radio is accommodative of minority languages, and what the challenges

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Book SynopsisThis book focuses on the naming tradition among the Yoruba, one of Africaâs largest ethnic groups, consisting of over 40 million people.Investigating the sociocultural significance of names in Yoruba society, the book shows how names act as distinctive markers, separating the Yoruba out from over 250 other ethnic groups in Nigeria. These names are not just labels, but affirmations of a shared identity and heritage. Names can serve as symbolic representations of a familyâs history, ancestral traditions, or significant events, thereby linking the bearers to their lineage. Based on extensive qualitative data from over 100 native speakers, the book shows how names can reflect joy, sorrow, or even political stances. The book goes on to consider how names are also used in non-human contexts, such as for naming places or pets. Overall, the book paints a rich picture of the social and cultural functions of Yoruba names, and how these functions affect the ways in which names are given, received, and perceived.Unprecedented in its in-depth and nuanced analysis of Yoruba naming practices, this book will be of interest to readers in African studies, sociology, anthropology, linguistics, cultural studies, gender studies, and history.

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Book SynopsisThe crucial role language plays in constituting our reality, and in achieving political influence and control, has long been known in scholarship. However, appreciation of the role of language in understanding our social realities and power relations has not been fully translated to education or even to research beyond linguistically focussed academic strands. Bringing together well-established scholars from a range of disciplines, this book demonstrates why language awareness and discourse consciousness should be considered a key skill in business and professional life, and looks closely at language in areas such as entrepreneurship, leadership, human resource management, medical, financial, or business communication, ecology, media, and politics. The authors demonstrate how the understanding of the minutiae of language use in a variety of professional contexts leads to knowledge that will empower future generations of professionals and enable them to develop a self-reflexive, criticaTable of ContentsForeword Jonathan Clifton; Part I. Introduction: 1. Language awareness and discourse consciousness in contemporary life and work Erika Darics; Part II. Language Awareness in Business and the Professions: 2. Language awareness and leadership: more than a guide to communicating effectively Stephanie Schnurr; 3. Linguistic style and crowdfunding success among social and commercial entrepreneurs: an example of a language study in the field of entrepreneurship Annaleena Parhankangas and Erika Darics; 4. Challenging the discourse of newcomer socialization practices in organizations from a critical perspective Peter Kastberg and Marianne G. Dietlevsen; 5. Language guides: an exercise in futility Dariusz Galasiński and Justyna Ziółkowska; 6. Argumentative awareness as a driver of trust in investor relations and financial communication Rudi Palmieri; 7. Language, discourse and ecosomatic awareness Arran Stibbe; Part III. Language Awareness in Education and Training: 8. Critical language awareness and business communication Almut Koester; 9. A developmental model of critical thinking Dale Cyphert; 10. Membership categorisation analysis: developing awareness of categories and their consequences Andrea Whittle and Frank Mueller; 11. Sociolinguistic awareness in business professionals: breaking stereotypes and language myths Louise Mullany.

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Book SynopsisTaking an interdisciplinary stance, this pioneering book shows what we can learn about the grammatical choices that people make based on both observational and experimental data. It conducts detailed state-of-the-art analyses, and discusses the findings within the context of current theoretical models of grammatical variation in World Englishes.

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Book SynopsisObesity is a pressing social issue and a persistently newsworthy topic for the media. This book examines the linguistic representation of obesity in the British press. It combines techniques from corpus linguistics with critical discourse studies to analyse a large corpus of newspaper articles (36 million words) representing ten years of obesity coverage. These articles are studied from a range of methodological perspectives, and analytical themes include variation between newspapers, change over time, diet and exercise, gender and social class. The volume also investigates the language that readers use when responding to obesity representations in the context of online comments. The authors reveal the power of linguistic choices to shame and stigmatise people with obesity, presenting them as irresponsible and morally deviant. Yet the analysis also demonstrates the potential for alternative representations which place greater focus on the role that social and political forces play in tTable of Contents1. Introduction; 2. The way in – shared keywords in the press; 3. Studying difference – comparing sections of the press; 4. Change over time; 5. Shaming and reclaiming; 6. Healthy body – diet and exercise; 7. General discourses of obesity; 8. 'A disease of the poor'? – obesity and social class; 9. Going 'below the line' – reader responses; 10. Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisHighlighting stylistic and rhetorical characteristics, this book explores the written form of Mandarin Chinese in a range of everyday settings, fully illustrated with pictures of the signs throughout. Authentic and up-to-date, it is ideal for students learning Chinese, as well as researchers interested in the linguistic landscape of China.

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Book SynopsisTrade Review“Overall, the volume provides a balanced survey of important topics, research methods and trends, and contemporary issues in the field of sociolinguistics and offers instructors a valuable option for advanced undergraduate or graduate students.” - LINGUIST List 33.1917Table of ContentsList of Figures xiii List of Tables xiv Acknowledgments xv About the Companion Website xvii 1 Introduction 1 Key Topics 1 The Nature of Language 2 Knowledge of Language 3 Competence and performance 4 Variation 6 Variants and the linguistic variable 7 Language Users and Their Groups: Identities 8 Language and Culture 10 Directions of influence 11 The Whorfian hypothesis 11 Correlations 13 The Interdisciplinary Legacy of Sociolinguistics 14 Overview of the Book 16 Chapter Summary 16 Exercises 17 Further Reading 18 References 19 Part I Languages, Communities, and Contexts 23 2 Languages, Dialects, and Varieties 25 Key Topics 25 What is a Language? 25 Language or Dialect? 26 Mutual intelligibility 27 The role of social identity 29 Standardization 30 The standard as an abstraction 30 The standardization process 31 The standard and language change 32 Standard language? 33 The standard–dialect hierarchy 33 Regional Dialects 34 Dialect geography 34 Everyone has an accent 35 Social Dialects 36 Kiezdeutsch ‘neighborhood German’ 37 Ethnic dialects 39 African American Vernacular English 40 Features of AAVE 41 Development of AAVE 42 Societal aspects of AAVE Use 43 Styles and Indexes: The Social Meanings of Linguistic Forms 43 Chapter Summary 47 Exercises 47 Further Reading 48 References 49 3 Defining Groups 55 Key Topics 55 Speech Communities 56 Linguistic boundaries 56 Shared norms 57 Communities of Practice 60 Social Networks 62 Social Identities 64 Beliefs about Language and Social Groups 65 Language ideologies 66 The standard language ideology 66 The purist ideology 67 Monoglossic ideologies 67 Iconicity, erasure, and recursivity 68 Language attitudes 69 Perceptual dialectology 69 Matched/verbal guises 70 Implicit association task (IAT) 71 Chapter Summary 72 Exercises 72 Further Reading 73 References 74 4 Language in Context: Pragmatics 79 Key Topics 79 Speech Acts 79 Performatives 80 Implicature 83 Maxims 83 Politeness 85 Face 85 Positive and negative politeness 86 Beyond politeness theory 87 Politeness and indirectness 88 Pronouns 89 Tu and vous: power and solidarity 89 Pronouns and positioning 92 Naming and Titles 92 Fluidity and change in address terms 94 Chapter Summary 97 Exercises 97 Further Reading 100 References 100 Part II Theory and Methods 105 5 Language Variation and Change 107 Key Topics 107 Variables and Correlations 107 Types of linguistic variables 108 Indicators, markers and stereotypes 109 Independent variables 109 Data Collection and Analysis 110 The observer’s paradox 110 The sociolinguistic interview 110 Sampling 111 Apparent time and real time 112 Doing Quantitative Research: What Do the Numbers Really Mean? 112 Regional Variation 113 Mapping dialects 114 Methods in dialectology 115 Dialect mixture and free variation 117 Linguistic atlases 117 Social Variation 118 Social class membership 118 The First Wave of Variation Studies 120 Early work on gender variation 121 The fourth floor 121 Variation in Norwich 124 Variation in Detroit 124 Variation in Glasgow 125 Linguistic constraints on variation 126 Language Variation and Change 127 Change from above and below 127 Some changes in progress 127 Change across space: urban centers and physical barriers 129 Change over time or age-grading? 129 Martha’s Vineyard 131 Gender and language change 132 Language change and the linguistic marketplace 136 The Second Wave of Variation Studies 137 Social networks 138 Social network theory and language change 139 Gender variation in the second wave 140 Jocks and burnouts 141 The Third Wave of Variation Studies 142 Stance, style, and identity 142 Change across the lifespan 144 Chapter Summary 144 Exercises 144 Further Reading 146 References 146 6 Ethnographic Approaches in Sociolinguistics 153 Key Topics 153 Ethnography: Participant Observation 153 The Ethnography of Communication 155 Communicative competence 156 The communicative event and communicative acts 157 The SPEAKING device 157 Ethnography and beyond 160 Ethnomethodology 161 Background knowledge as part of communication 161 Commonsense knowledge and practical reasoning 162 Garfinkel and his students: studies in ethnomethodology 163 Ethnomethodology and conversation analysis 164 Critical Ethnography 164 (Socio)linguistic Ethnography 165 Digital Ethnographies: Research in Online Communities 167 Ethnography in Combination with Other Sociolinguistic Methods 168 Chapter Summary 169 Exercises 169 Further Reading 171 References 172 7 Discourse Analysis 175 Key Topics 175 Conversation Analysis 176 Adjacency pairs 177 Openings 178 Closings 179 Turn-taking 181 Repair 182 Institutional talk 183 Membership categorization 185 Interactional Sociolinguistics 185 Data and methodologies 186 Contextualization and stance 188 Identities 189 Critical Discourse Analysis 192 Contrasts and critiques 193 Methodologies and connections 193 Corpus Linguistics 196 Chapter Summary 198 Exercises 198 Further Reading 199 References 200 Part III Multilingual Matters 207 8 Languages in Contact: Multilingual Societies and Multilingual Discourse 209 Key Topics 209 Multilingualism as a Societal Phenomenon 210 Language competencies in multilingual societies 211 Language ideologies surrounding multilingualism 211 Linguistic landscapes 213 Language attitudes in multilingual settings 216 Language Maintenance and Shift 218 Diglossia 219 Domains 220 Language attitudes and ideologies 220 Language learning 220 The statuses of the H and L varieties 221 Extended diglossia and language maintenance 222 Questioning diglossia 223 Multilingual Discourse 224 Metaphorical and situational codeswitching 225 Communication accommodation theory 225 The markedness model 226 Multilingual identities 227 Bricolage 230 Chapter Summary 231 Exercises 231 Further Reading 235 References 235 9 Contact Varieties: Structural Consequences of Social Factors 243 Key Topics 243 The Structure of Codeswitching 243 Loanwords and Calques 245 Convergence 246 Ethnicized and Social Dialects as Contact Varieties 247 Latinx Englishes 248 Straattaal ‘street language’ 249 Mixed Languages 250 Lingua Francas 252 Pidgin and Creole Languages: Definitions 253 Connections between P/C languages and second language acquisition 254 Creole Formation 255 Theories of creole genesis 256 Geographical Distribution 258 Linguistic Characteristics of P/C Languages 259 Phonology 260 Morphosyntax 260 Vocabulary 261 From Pidgin to Creole and Beyond 262 Creole continuum? 263 Chapter Summary 265 Exercises 265 Further Reading 266 References 266 10 Language, the Nation, and Beyond 273 Key Topics 273 Language and Nation 273 Nationalism and language 274 Language and national identity categories 278 Belonging beyond the nation 280 Language and Migration 282 Identity construction in the context of migration 282 Identity over time and space 284 Diversity and superdiversity 287 Discourses of migration and integration 288 LADO 291 Language and Globalization 293 Global English: threat or promise? 295 Language and the Digital World 296 Chapter Summary 298 Exercises 298 Further Reading 298 References 299 Part IV Sociolinguistics and Social Justice 305 11 Language, Gender, and Sexuality 307 Key Topics 307 Defining Terms: Sex Category, Gender, and Sexuality 307 Sexist Language 309 Grammatical gender marking 310 Language change 312 Deficit, Dominance, and Difference 313 Women’s language as a deficit 314 Dominance 315 Difference 316 Gender and Sexuality Identities 317 Multiple identities 318 The role of hegemonic ideologies in gender and sexuality identity construction 319 Context-specific identity construction: the workplace 321 Discourses of Gender and Sexuality 323 Normative discourses 323 Discourses about language use 325 Chapter Summary 326 Exercises 326 Further Reading 327 References 327 12 Sociolinguistics and Education 335 Key Topics 335 Social Dialects and Education 336 Restricted codes and the language gap 336 Difference not deficit 337 Role of the home dialect in education 340 An achievement gap? 342 Education in Multilingual Contexts 343 Ideologies 343 Use of minoritized languages in the classroom 345 Elite and immigrant bilingualism 348 Education and World-Wide English 349 Circles of English 350 English in world-wide education 350 Elite closure 351 English in Europe 353 Chapter Summary 354 Exercises 355 Further Reading 356 References 356 13 Language Policy and Planning 365 Key Topics 365 Terminology, Concepts, and Development of the Field 365 Types of language planning 366 The intellectual history of LPP 369 Data and methods 370 LPP and Nationalization 372 LPP in Turkey: orthography and purity 372 LPP in the Soviet Union and the post-Soviet era: from Russification to nationalization 373 Official monolingualism in France 375 LPP in Post- and Neo-Colonial Contexts 376 Kenya 376 India 377 Multilingual Countries and LPP 378 Canada 379 Belgium 380 Papua New Guinea 381 Singapore 381 Feminist Language Planning 382 Endangered Languages and the Spread of English 384 Endangered languages 384 Family language policy, new speakers, and LPP 385 English world-wide 387 Language policy … or lack thereof 389 Chapter Summary 389 Exercises 389 Further Reading 390 References 391 Glossary 397 Index 421

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsList of Figures ix List of Tables xi Preface xiii Acknowledgments xix Part I Language: Some Basic Questions 1 1 The Socially Charged Life of Language 3 So, What Do You Need to Know in Order to “Know” a Language? 9 Examples of Linguistic Diversity 13 Examples of Diversity in Research Topics in Linguistic Anthropology 17 Keith Basso 18 Marjorie Harness Goodwin 18 Bonnie Urciuoli 19 Alessandro Duranti 20 Kathryn A. Woolard 20 James M. Wilce 21 Key Terms in Linguistic Anthropology 21 Multifunctionality 22 Language Ideologies 24 Practice 26 Indexicality 29 The Inseparability of Language, Culture, and Social Relations 33 2 Gestures, Sign Languages, and Multimodality 35 Bakhtin’s Double-Voiced Discourse 37 Goffman’s Participation Framework and Production Format 38 Speech and the Analysis of Conversation 39 Gestures and Other Forms of Embodied Communication 42 Sign Languages 47 Poetry, Whistled Languages, Song, and Images 50 3 The Research Process in Linguistic Anthropology 54 What Kinds of Research Questions Do Linguistic Anthropologists Formulate? 55 What Kinds of Data Do Linguistic Anthropologists Collect, and with What Methods? 57 Participant Observation 58 Interviews 58 Surveys and Questionnaires 60 Naturally Occurring Conversations 60 Experimental Methods 62 Matched Guise Tests 63 Written Texts 64 How Do Linguistic Anthropologists Analyze Their Data? 64 What Products Do Linguistic Anthropologists Generate from their Research? 67 What Sorts of Ethical Issues Do Linguistic Anthropologists Face? 68 4 Language Acquisition and Socialization 72 Language Acquisition and the Socialization Process 74 Gaps in the “Language Gap” Approach 78 Language Socialization in Bilingual or Multilingual Contexts 81 Language Socialization throughout the Lifespan 84 Conclusion 88 5 Language, Thought, and Culture 90 A Hundred Years of Linguistic Relativity 91 The Sapir–Whorf Hypothesis 94 Investigating the Effects of Language on Thought 97 Language-in-General 98 Linguistic Structures 102 Color 106 Space 108 Time 110 Language Use 111 Conclusion 117 Part II Global Communities of Speakers, Hearers, Readers, and Writers 121 6 Global Communities of Multilingual Language Users 123 Defining “Speech Community” 124 Size and Location of the Community 124 What is Shared by the Members of a Speech Community? 125 The Type of Interactions that Speech Community Members Have 125 Alternatives to the Concept of “Speech Community” 129 Speech Areas 129 Speech Networks 130 Communities of Practice 132 Multilingual and Transnational Linguistic Practices 136 Diglossia, Code-Mixing, and Code-Switching 144 Diglossia 145 Code-Switching 146 Code-Mixing 148 Heteroglossia 151 Conclusion 152 7 Literacy Practices 153 Literacy Events vs. Literacy Practices 155 “Autonomous” vs. “Ideological” Approaches to Studying Literacy 156 Some Examples of Situated Literacy Research 158 Preschool Literacy Practices in the Southeastern United States 158 Pema Kumari’s letter 162 Love-letter Writing in Nepal 164 Instant Messaging: More like Speech or Writing? 166 8 Online Communities and Internet Linguistic Practices 170 Online Literacy Practices 171 Capitalization, Punctuation, and Emojis 172 Online Communities, Relationships, and Social Media 175 Who’s Zoomin’ Who? 177 Online Avatars 179 So Close and yet so Far 183 Conclusion 185 9 Performance, Performativity, and the Constitution of Communities 186 Performance Defined in Opposition to Competence 188 Performativity 189 Performance as a Display of Verbal Artistry 197 Ethnographies of Performance and Performativity 200 Part III Language, Power, and Social Differentiation 211 10 Language and Gender 213 What is Gender, and How Does it Relate to Language? 215 Do Men and Women Speak Alike or Differently? 221 Do Women and Men of All Ages and All Ethnic, Racial, and Cultural Backgrounds Share the Same Gendered Differences in Their Language Use? 233 Some Thoughts on Myths and Realities 237 11 Language, Race, and Ethnicity 240 Defining Race and Ethnicity 241 The Rule-Governed Nature of African American English 246 Invariant or Habitual “Be” 248 Copula Deletion 249 Double Negatives 250 The Reduction of Final Consonants 251 Pronouncing the Word “Ask” as “Aks” 252 Racist Language and Racism in Language 253 Language and Racial/Ethnic Identities 258 Conclusion 261 12 Language Endangerment and Revitalization 262 Enumerating the Crisis: How Many Endangered Languages are There? 265 What Dies When a Language Dies? 270 Why Do Languages Die? 276 Can Endangered Languages Be Saved? 278 Conclusion 280 13 Conclusion: Language, Power, and Agency 281 What is Power? 283 Hegemony 284 Foucault’s Power Relations and Discourse 285 Practice Theory and Power 287 Agency 298 The Grammatical Encoding of Agency 302 Talk About Agency: Meta-Agentive Discourse 305 Power and Agency In/through/by/of Language 310 Notes 313 References 328 Index 364

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Book SynopsisAn ideal introduction to the analysis of language as a central element of everyday interactions and media, helping students reflect critically on the ways individuals and the creators of media use language to reflect and construct social identities Why do we encounter different types of language in different places, from different people, and in different types of media? What assumptions do we make about each other when we interact, and what assumptions do media creators make about us when they design the media we see and hear? When does the language used in society and by media lead to social change and when does it serve to reinforce existing power structures and class divisions? In Language, Media and Society, students learn how to notice the features of the language used in the interactions they have and the media they encounter everyday and to understand the relationships between language, media, and the wider world around them. Assuming no prior knowledge of sociolinguistic analyTable of ContentsList of Figures and Tables viii Preface ix Acknowledgements xi About the Companion Website xii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 What the Book Is About 1 1.2 Three Tips for How to Use This Book 2 1.3 Three Tips for How to Approach This Book 3 1.4 The Three Main Areas of the Study of Language That Are Important to This Book 5 1.5 The Three Main Areas of the Study of Media That Are Important to This Book 7 1.6 The Three Main Concepts in the Study of Sociology That Are Important to This Book 9 1.7 An Overall Approach: Textual Analysis 11 1.8 The Structure of the Book 12 2 The Relationship between Language, Media, and Society 13 2.1 Illustrating the Relationship between Language, Media, and Society 13 2.2 Accents, Dialects, and Society 14 2.3 Theorising Attitudes 18 2.4 Why Do We Stereotype? 23 2.5 ‘Taking It to the Next Level’: Theorising Ideology 25 3 Producing and Consuming Media 28 3.1 Defining Media Producers and Media Consumers 28 3.2 Producers and Consumers in Mass and Social Media 28 3.3 The Mainstream and the Alternative in Mass and Social Media 30 3.4 Construction in Mass and Social Media 31 3.5 Different Categories of Media Producers 32 3.6 Activity and Passivity in Mass Media Consumption 35 3.7 Theoretical Models of Media Audiences 38 4 Reading Media Messages 42 4.1 The Media’s Relationship to Reality 42 4.2 Exploring Methods of Language and Media Analysis 44 5 Language, Media, and Age 62 5.1 Constructing Age and Life Stage 62 5.2 Theorising Age and Designing Research to Explore Language, Media and Age 63 5.3 Life Stage and Media Consumption 66 5.4 Representations of Age in TV Comedy 67 5.5 Age-related Language Use 69 5.6 Interaction between People of Different Ages 74 5.7 Analysing Spoken Language 76 5.8 Analysing Child-directed Language 80 5.9 Elder-directed Language 81 6 Language, Media, and Gender 83 6.1 Defining Gender 83 6.2 Gendering Each Other through Language and Media 84 6.3 Performing Gender 90 6.4 Gender and Media 92 6.5 Women, Men, and Language 95 6.6 Gendered Representation in the Press 99 6.7 How Women and Men Use Language 101 6.8 Exploring the Construction of Gender Activism 108 7 Language, Media, and Sexuality 109 7.1 Putting Sexuality into Words 109 7.2 LGBTQ+ (In)visibility 110 7.3 LGBTQ+ Representation in the Media 120 8 Language, Media, and Ethnicity 133 8.1 A Reflexive Note 133 8.2 Defining Ethnicity 133 8.3 Theorising Ethnicity 138 8.4 Attitudes to Language and Ethnicity 142 8.5 Linguistic Creativity Related to Ethnicity 146 8.6 Representations of Race and Ethnicity in the Media 150 9 Language, Media, and Social Class 157 9.1 Defining Social Class 157 9.2 Forms of Capital in the Construction of Social Class Identity 159 9.3 Accent, Dialect, and Social Class 162 9.4 Perceptions of Linguistic Varieties 165 9.5 The Relationship between Region and Social Class in Language Use 172 9.6 Linguistic Identities 174 9.7 Researching Language and Social Class 176 9.8 Constructing Workers 180 10 Language, Media, and Disability 181 10.1 Definitions and Constructions of Disability 181 10.2 Representing Disability 183 10.3 Disability and Identity: Who Does the Defining? 186 10.4 Disability and Language 187 10.5 Media Representations of Disability 191 10.6 Social Media and Disability 205 10.7 Final Thoughts 207 A Concluding Word 208 References 210 Index 218

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Book SynopsisMultilingualism is everywhere in our globalised society. Delving into the ''social life'' of languages, John Edwards provides a brief yet compelling overview of multilingualism and its socio-cultural implications and consequences. Covering major topics including language origins, language death, lingua francas, pidgins, creoles and artificial languages, this book provides a complete introduction to what happens when languages meet.A vital primer for anybody interested in multilingualism, this new edition has been refreshed and updated, expanding its coverage and adding new topics such as linguistic imperialism, minority languages, and folk linguistics. A new chapter on recent developments covers the linguistic landscape, language planning, the ''new speaker'' phenomenon and digital multilingualisms, and the addition of reflection questions at the end of each chapter encourages readers to consider their own experiences and the role and impact of multilingualism on the world around them.Trade Review"Divided into 10 chapters on themes such as language diversity, multilingualism, bridging means across languages, language survival and intervention, this is the most readable textbook I have ever come across... This seemingly light yet profoundly rich book, with its span across the entire language diversity scene, cannot fail to spark enthusiasm... Its apparent simplicity, clarity and colourful asides make it an unforgettable reading experience." -- Times Higher Education Supplement (of the first edition)This book is a timely, comprehensive, thought-provoking, and compelling critique of the scholarship on various aspects of multilingualism; well grounded in society and social interactions. It is made captivating by the witty and detached style of the author, who not only covers a wide body of interdisciplinary literature but also reports several empirical anecdotes from around the world to prove his points. -- Salikoko S. Mufwene, University of Chicago, USAIn this revised edition of a much-loved book, John Edwards presents the history and the latest developments in multilingualism research in a clear and accessible manner. By pointing out that “languages are totems as well as tools”, he demonstrates this unique ability to be powerfully succinct and memorable. -- Jean-Marc Dewaele, Birkbeck University of London, UKTable of ContentsPrologue 1. Language Origins and Language Diversity 2. Interpreting Language Diversity 3. The Emergence and Measurement of Multilingualism 4. Dialects and Other Language Varieties 5. Multilingual Abilities 6. The Consequences of Babel: Lingua Francas and Translation 7. Keeping Languages Pure 8. Languages and Identities 9. Language Decline and Revival: Basic Factors 10. Language Decline and Revival: Advocacy and Activism 11. Language Planning and the Ecology of Language 12. Postmodern Perspectives Epilogue Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisBloomsbury World Englishes offers a comprehensive and rigorous description of the facts, implications and contentious issues regarding the forms and functions of English in the world. International experts cover a diverse range of varieties and topics, offering a more accurate understanding of English across the globe and the various social contexts in which it plays a significant role. With volumes dedicated to research paradigms, language ideologies and pedagogies, the collection pushes the boundaries of the field to go beyond traditional descriptive paradigms and contribute to moving research agendas forward. Volume 3: Pedagogies addresses the teaching of English as a world language. Chapters in this volume consider the teaching and learning of English(es) from a range of perspectives and on the basis of experiences and research from many parts of the world.Table of ContentsList of Figures List of Tables List of Contributors Prologue, Jennifer Jenkins (University of Southampton, UK) and Lucilla Lopriore (Roma Tre University, Italy) Introduction, Yasemin Bayyurt (Bogaziçi University, Turkey) Part 1: General Principles 1. Incorporating Ontological Reflection into Teacher Education about English for Global Learners: A Rationale and some Guiding Principles, Chris Hall (York St John University, UK) 2. English Language Development in the Global Classroom: Revisiting Key Constructs of Second Language Acquisition Theory, Dustin Crowther (University of Hawai’i at Manoa, USA) 3. Moving from Conceptualizations to Implementation of a Global Englishes Perspective in ELT: Critical Issues in Pedagogy, Seran Dogançay-Aktuna (Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, USA) and Joel Hardman (Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, USA) 4. World Englishes, English as a Lingua Franca and ELT Materials: A Critical Perspective, Paola Vettorel (University of Verona, Italy) 5. Materials and Activities in Teaching English as a Global Language: Using Online Resources to Stimulate Innovation, Mona Syrbe (Rikkyo University, Japan) and Heath Rose (University of Oxford, UK) Part 2: Native Speakerism 6. Negotiating Nativespeakerism in TESOL Curriculum Innovation, Nicola Galloway (University of Glasgow, UK) 7. Beyond ‘Native’ and ‘Non-Native’ English-Speaking Teachers: Teacher Identity and the Knowledge Base of Global Englishes Language Teachers, Ali Fuad Selvi (METU Northern Cyprus Campus, Cyprus) and Bedrettin Yazan (University of Texas, San Antonio, USA) 8. Re-Conceptualizing (Non-)Native English Speakers within the Paradigm of Teaching English as an International Language, Aya Matsuda (Arizona State University, USA) 9. Tackling Native-Speakerism through ELF-Aware Pedagogy, Rob Lowe (Tokyo Kasei University, Japan) and Marek Kiczkowiak (TEFL Equity Advocates & Academy, Leuven, Belgium) Part 3: English as a Medium Of Instruction 10. Teaching WE and ELF in EMI from an ELF Perspective: A Case Study at a University in the Expanding Circle, Kumiko Murata (Waseda University, Japan) 11. Implementing Critical Pedagogy of Global Englishes in ELT in Asia from the Lens of EMI and Intercultural Citizenship, Fan Fang (Shantou University, China) and Will Baker (University of Southampton, UK) 12. Problematizing EMI Programs in Turkish Higher Education: Voices from Stakeholders, Dilek Inal (Istanbul University- Cerrahpasa, Turkey), Yasemin Bayyurt (Bogaziçi University, Turkey) and Feza Kerestecioglu (Kadir Has University, Turkey) 13. A Critical View of Globalization within the Expanded Role of EMI in Japan: Case Study of an Actual Implementation, Jim D'Angelo (Chukyo University, Nagoya, Japan) Part 4: Focus on Specific Contexts 14. The Impact of World Englishes and English as a Lingua Franca in Tertiary Education in the Expanding Circle, Enric Llurda (University of Lleida, Spain) and Guzman Mancho-Barés (University of Lleida, Spain) 15. World Englishes and Critical Pedagogy: Reflections on Paulo Freire’s Contributions to the Brazilian National English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) Curriculum, Savio Siqueira (Bahia Federal University, Brazil) and Telma Gimenez (Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brazil) 16. Teaching English from a Critical Intercultural Perspective: An Experience with Afro Colombian and Indigenous Students, Claudia Gutiérrez (University of Washington, USA), Janeth Ortiz and Jaime Usma (Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia) 17. English Medium Instruction and Language Planning in Post-Colonial Contexts: Implications for Heritage Language Development, Nkoko Kamwangamalu (Howard University, Washington, USA) Index

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Book SynopsisA lively introduction to English spelling.

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Book SynopsisA comprehensive and critical overview of the field of intercultural communication.

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Book SynopsisJanet Maybin investigates how 10-12 year-olds use talk and literacy to construct knowledge about their social worlds and themselves. She shows how children use collaborative verbal strategies, stories of personal experience and the reworked voices of others to investigate the moral order and forge their own identities.Trade Review'It is not often that you are gripped by an academic book. I read Janet Maybin's book through in almost one reading, gripped by the range of insights she offers into children's off-record talk, her judicious use of social and cultural theory, her many new insights into the significance of styling and voicing emotion and evaluation in everyday dialogue, her careful building of new ways of talking about and describing talk among children. This is a highly significant contribution to language in education, to our understandings of language use and multiple but hitherto unnoticed aspects of the ways knowledge is constructed. It is a book that is likely to refocus educational research for many years to come, shifting the research landscape to the importance of talk outside the classroom for our understanding of 'official' talk inside the classroom. It is a book that is written in a lively and engaging style. In fact, it is a book that is not just gripping; it is genuinely groundbreaking.' - Ron Carter, Professor of Modern English Language, Nottingham University, UK 'Most impressive are the ways in which the work brings to life hybridity, emotion, and moral evaluation...Children's Voices serves as an important exemplar of the artful ways young people fashion lives and learning through dialogue, and of the compelling need for ethnographers, educators and linguists to find equally artful ways to render their accounts of language and learning.' - Deborah Hicks, Professor of Education and Women's Studies at Duke University, North Carolina, USA 'This book will be a valuable resource for educational researchers as well as teachers seeking to understand the importance of informal talk and the complexities of different forms of children's talk across official and unofficial school spaces and throughout the school day.' - Dennis Kwek, Language and Education, 22:2, 2008Table of ContentsAcknowledgements Transcription Conventions INTRODUCTION Focussing on the Margins Conceptualising Voice and Meaning-making Outline of the Chapters PART 1: SETTING THE SCENE Shifting the Lens The Researcher in the Data From Context to Contextualisation From Dialogue to Dialogicality Evaluation, Socialisation and Identity Towards a More Dynamic Language of Description PART 2: CONTEXT, GENRE AND FRAMES Switching Contexts The Generic Production of Meaning The Intertextual Construction of the Present Microcontexts: Manipulating Frames Conclusion PART 3: DIALOGUE AND COLLABORATION: GIRLS AND BOYS The Duet of Friendship Producing Unformalised Knowledge in Group Talk Gender, Communicative Style and Identity Conclusion PART 4: REPORTED VOICES AND EVALUATION Representing Voices: Grammatical and other Cues Invoking and Evaluating People Recreating Events Evaluation in Projected Speech and Reported Thought Conclusion PART 5: ARTICULATING DIALOGUE: AGENCY AND GENDER IN CHILDREN'S ANECDOTES Representing Experience and Exploring the Self Three Levels of Narrative Meaning Indexicalisation and Dialogic Relationships Conclusion PART 6:NARRATIVE REFLECTIONS AND MORAL COMPLEXITIES Articulating Moral Stances Beleaguered Positions Divided Loyalties Conclusion PART 7: SCHOOLED VOICES A Framework for Understanding Reproduced Voices Repetition and Appropriation in Teacher-Pupil Dialogue Reproducing Authoritative Voices: Appropriation and Styling Framing Work and Play Conclusion PART 8: OFFICIAL AND UNOFFICIAL LITERACIES Official Literacy: Power, Procedure and Product Hybrid Practices Unofficial Literacy Personal Writing: Identity and Regulation Conclusion CONCLUSION Notes References Index

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Book SynopsisRobert McColl Millar examines how language has been used in Scotland since the earliest times. While primarily focusing on the histories of the speakers of Scots and Gaelic, and their competition with the encroaching use of (Scottish) Standard English, he also traces the decline and eventual 'death' of Pictish, British and Norn.

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Book SynopsisDrawing on four decades of research, Bernard Spolsky presents an updated theory of language policy that starts with the individual speaker instead of the nation.Trade Review"Breathtaking in scope, Rethinking Language Policy offers a world tour of language policy by a scholar whose work has defined the field. Demonstrating that language policy depends on many non-linguistic factors, Professor Spolsky leads readers from the individual, to the familial, to the myriad institutional forces that shape language policy, illustrating it all with case examples through time and across every region of the globe. Timely, fascinating, and highly accessible, this unparalleled comparative account reveals language policy as practices, beliefs, and management mediated by relations of power." -Teresa L. McCarty, GF Kneller Chair in Education and Anthropology, University of California

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Book SynopsisTraces the recent history of the English language, covering all contexts of use equallyTrade Review"The work of a leading scholar in the field, this volume is the most original work on this topic to be published in recent years. Wide-ranging and insightful, Prof van Rooy's book covers such topics as the history of world Englishes, Inner Circle and Outer Circle varieties, language contact, migration, and English on the Internet. One particular strength of this volume is the insight into the sociolinguistics of English as a global language, with reference to such processes as language transplantation, language contact, language shift, and the linguistic analysis of varieties of English." -Kingsley Bolton, Stockholm University

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Book SynopsisLyle Campbell's linguistic fieldwork has taken him to numerous countries, sometimes in challenging circumstances. Written with humour, heart, and a clear dedication to endangered languages and their speakers, his vivid memoir is a lesson not only on life in the field but on the importance of documenting indigenous languages.

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Book SynopsisFrom slut-shaming to the allegedly shrill voices of female politicians, from vocal fry to online misogyny, the language women use (and the language used about them) is as controversial as it has ever been. Our language use and our gender have an enormous impact on the way we understand ourselves and the world around us, and the way we are treated by society. Using the latest academic research, Allyson Jule tackles some of the most pressing issues facing feminism today, including how language use and related ideas about gender play out in the home, workplace and online. It turns out that many popular ideas about gender and language are more complicated than they first appear. This book will change the way you think about language, and give you the tools to challenge the world around you. Trade ReviewFascinating and hugely informative, Allyson Jule will make you realise just how powerful language is in creating the gender norms that many of us are trying to battle against. This is a brilliant way to understand how language has shaped women's experience in a patriarchal world. Timely, rigorous, and so important, Jule's research gives substance and weight to the current feminist conversation. * Marisa Bate, contributing editor at The Pool and author of The Periodic Table of Feminism *A highly accessible beginner's guide for the era of #MeToo and LGBTQ+, but also of neoliberalism and Trump. It will be a welcome addition to the field of gender and language. * Mary Talbot, author of Language and Gender *I can't wait to read it! * Sofie Hagen, stand-up comedian and podcaster *Speaking Up is so much more than a book about the linguistic habits of men and women. It is a journey through feminist history, a retrospective of the successes and failures of the research that has shaped the study of language and gender, and a close look at the underlying social forces that influence our language patterns daily in personal relationships, the workplace, and beyond. A rich, insightful journey through the hidden dynamics behind language in action. * Ada Brunstein, writer and editor *This book should be included on reading lists for anyone interested in gender, language, and classroom or workspace dynamics. The first two chapters contain accessible language to introduce gender studies, feminism, and gender and language connectivity. The second section clearly deals with various gendered spheres familiar to all, encouraging readers to consider their own relationship with language. The glossary is a reader-friendly bonus, either offering support to those with a limited background in the field or serving as a refresher on the terminology to others. -- Tanja McCandie, Nanzan University, Japan * JALT Journal, 42.1 *In its own words Speaking Up was written to be an "accessible introduction to academic research in this dynamic field", and I think Jule absolutely achieves this. The book assumes no prior knowledge of language and gender studies and is unintimidating, accessible and gives a good introduction to language and gender, while applying our understanding to current world challenges. -- Jill Crawley, Lancaster University, UK * BAAL News, Issue 116, Winter 2020 *Speaking Up is more than an introduction to theoretical research about language and gender: it is a call to action and transformation of social realities through self-reflection about our own practices. -- Fernanda Lazaro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil * Language in Society 48 (2019) *I anticipate recommending this book to the many secondary-level students who ask me for advice on resources for their language-and-gender projects. It is clearly aimed at a general rather than a specialist audience, but it will also be valuable to those enrolled in various introductory third-level courses. Even experienced scholars will find useful the crystal-clear definitions and discussion of basic concepts, as well as the succinct and well-selected glossary items. -- Janet Holmes, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand * Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2019 *Reading [this book], we feel that [the author] has studied everything that has ever been said on gendered linguistics; she references Foucault and the Kardashians with equal rigour. -- Florence Holmes * The Bookbag *Speaking Up has spoken, and we should listen. What is at stake is nothing less than our humanity. -- Susan J. Behrens, Marymount Manhattan College, USA * Women & Language, Volume 42, Issue 1 Spring 2019 *Table of ContentsPart I: Understanding Gender and Language Use Chapter 1. The Basics Chapter 2. Language as Gendered Part II: Understanding Gender and Language Use in the World Chapter 3. Gender and Language Use in the Media and Technology Chapter 4. Gender and Language Use in Education Chapter 5. Gender and Language Use in the Workplace Chapter 6. Gender and Language Use in Religion: Judaism, Christianity and Islam Chapter 7. Gender and Language Use in Relationships Chapter 8. An Anti-Conclusion Glossary References Index

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Book SynopsisThis book provides an in-depth examination of minority language maintenance and loss within a group of first-generation Spanish-speaking families in the early-21st century, post-industrial, hyper-globalized US Midwest, an area that has a recent history of Latino settlement and has a low ethnolinguistic vitality for Spanish. It looks specifically at language in the small spaces', that is, everyday interactions within households and families, and gives a detailed account of the gendered nature of linguistic transmission in immigrant households, as well as offering insights into the sociolinguistic aspects of language contact dynamics. Starting with the question of why speakers choose to use and transmit their family language in communities with few opportunities to use it, this book presents the reader with a theoretical model of language maintenance in low vitality settings. It incorporates mothers' voices and perspectives on mothering, their families' well-being, and their role in cultural/linguistic transmission and compares the self-perceptions, motivations, attitudes and language acquisition histories of members of two generations within the same household. It will appeal to researchers and educators interested in bilingualism, language maintenance and family language dynamics as well as to those working in the areas of education, immigration and sociology.

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Book SynopsisThis volume aims to capture evidence of marginalized voices in various contexts globally and show how speakers seek to reclaim their voices and challenge power relations. The chapters reveal how speakers actively confront inequities in society such as the unequal distribution of resources. Through bottom-up initiatives and conscious involvement in language use, documentation and the development of language domains, speakers can address issues of language-based marginalization, (re)establish linguistic human rights and reclaim their linguistic and cultural identity. Chapters in the volume explore commitments to democratic participation, to voice, to the heterogeneity of linguistic resources and to the political value of sociolinguistic understanding. Drawing upon the framework of linguistic citizenship, they link questions of language to sociopolitical discourses of justice, rights and equity, as well as to issues of power and access within a political and democratic framework. Trade ReviewThe Power of Voice in Transforming Multilingual Societies is an urgent call to analysts, theorists, researchers, think-tankers, policymakers, and governments to take seriously the voice and (socio)linguistic citizenship of marginalized citizens. Each chapter makes an important intervention on how to uplift every multilingual voice and advances the utility of (socio)linguistic citizenship, first developed in the global South. * Quentin Williams, University of the Western Cape, South Africa *With its focus on minoritized and marginalized groups of speakers and signers, this book brings together case studies from often overlooked contexts, and in particular from the Global South. It makes a committed plea for the recognition of linguistic difference, for equal access to resources and rights despite difference and for multilingual interaction across difference. * Brigitta Busch, University of Vienna, Austria *An impressive range of case studies on communities that have been largely neglected in the literature. The authors analyze multilingualism under duress and offer insights on how a world of minoritized yet resilient language communities are reclaiming territory in contested spaces such as urban centers, social media forums, and the multilingual classroom. In the grand tradition of Multilingual Matters, each contribution is replete with ideas for praxis. * Daniel Kaufman, City University of New York and the Endangered Language Alliance, USA *Table of ContentsContributors Julia Gspandl, Christina Korb, Angelika Heiling and Elizabeth J. Erling: The Power of Voice in Transforming Multilingual Societies: An Introduction Part 1. Multilingual Practices Chapter 1. Mary Edward: Multilingualism in Adamorobe and the Case for Adamorobe Sign Language (AdaSL) Chapter 2. Agnes Grond: Şexbizinî Facebook Groups: Virtual Communities as Spaces for Practice, Maintenance and Exploration of an Endangered Language Chapter 3. Vlada V. Baranova: The Grassroots Initiatives for the Revitalization of Kalmyk: Who is Involved in Language Planning, and How? Part 2. Facilitating Voice Chapter 4. Sandra Radinger: Reclaiming Voice in the Austrian Refugee Context through Experiences of Ambiguity Chapter 5. Melissa Barnes and Katrina Tour: Giving Voice to Mothers from Refugee Backgrounds: Their Agentic Roles in Children’s Learning Chapter 6. Anik Nandi, Maite Garcia-Ruiz and Ibon Manterola: Reclaiming Voice through Family Language Policies: Parental (Socio)linguistic Citizenship in Castilian-Spanish-Dominated Multilingual Settings Part 3. Building Communities of Voicing Chapter 7. Danny Foster: (Socio)linguistic Citizenship in Rural Tanzania: A Perspective from the Capability Approach Chapter 8. Eilidh McEwan: Deaf Capabilities in the Global South: Reflections on Sign Languages and Emancipation Using the Capabilities Approach Chapter 9. Khoi Nguyen: Forming (Socio)linguistic Citizenship through Philanthropy on Facebook Pages of the Vietnamese Diaspora in the UK Chapter 10. Phoebe Siu, Bong-gi Sohn and Angel M.Y. Lin: Reclaiming a Plurilingual Voice in EMI Classrooms: Co-creating Translanguaging Space through the Multimodalities-Entextualisation Cycle Ben Rampton, Mel Cooke, Constant Leung, Dermot Bryers, Becky Winstanley and Sam Holmes: Afterword: Localising (Socio)linguistic Citizenship Index

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Book SynopsisThis book presents the first collection of conversation analytic studies addressed exclusively to issues of inequality and injustice. It offers a broad depiction of how inequality and injustice are reproduced, resisted and transformed in our daily life; together the chapters produce a forensic analysis of how participants enact discriminatory ideologies, negotiate systemic power imbalances, and pursue social change in and through the nuances of their interactions. The authors draw on audio and video recordings of interaction in a wide range of social settings, ranging from classrooms to family dinners, and political town halls to television sitcoms. The book demonstrates the power of conversation analysis to tackle issues of social (in)justice and (in)equality and launches critical conversation analysis as a distinct empirical program dedicated to systematically investigating and promoting inclusion and equity in the minute details of everyday interaction.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents the first collection of conversation analytic studies addressed exclusively to issues of inequality and injustice. It offers a broad depiction of how inequality and injustice are reproduced, resisted and transformed in our daily life; together the chapters produce a forensic analysis of how participants enact discriminatory ideologies, negotiate systemic power imbalances, and pursue social change in and through the nuances of their interactions. The authors draw on audio and video recordings of interaction in a wide range of social settings, ranging from classrooms to family dinners, and political town halls to television sitcoms. The book demonstrates the power of conversation analysis to tackle issues of social (in)justice and (in)equality and launches critical conversation analysis as a distinct empirical program dedicated to systematically investigating and promoting inclusion and equity in the minute details of everyday interaction.

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Book SynopsisThis book discusses salient moments of multilingual encounters and brings together contributions focused on the interplay between language use by individuals and societies, and language-related inequalities or opportunities for speakers. The chapters demonstrate how biographical and speaker-centred approaches can contribute to an understanding of linguistic diversity, how researchers can empirically account for lived experiences of languages, and how such accounts are embedded in a larger discussion on social (in)equality. Together the chapters make a powerful case for the importance of speaker-centred methodologies in multilingual and multilingualism research. The book is a rich source of theoretical and methodological reflections and will thus be a valuable resource for both experienced researchers and students beginning to explore biographical research methods.Trade ReviewThis brilliant contribution to language research reframes our understanding of linguistic repertoires, diversity and (in)equality in multilingual societies. Through creative and thought-provoking ideas, it inspires researchers to think differently regarding the creation of knowledge about speakers and their languages. A must-read for anybody interested in speaker-centred approaches to language. * Isabelle LeBlanc, Université de Moncton, Canada *This volume is both a sophisticated theoretical orientation to language biographical research and a practical methodological guide, encompassing the history and on-going development of this vibrant cross-disciplinary area. Researchers seeking to engage with inequalities, shifting categories, and the socio-political and emotional lives of speakers will find inspiration and guidance. * Haley De Korne, University of Oslo, Norway *As a qualitative methodologist who studies multilingualism, I found the volume’s methodological variety enlightening, the theoretical and conceptual lenses enriching, and the examination of minority, Indigenous, deaf, post-apartheid, and post-colonial language users’ lived experiences refreshing. * Melissa B Hauber-Özer, University of Missouri at Columbia, USA, LINGUIST List 34.635 *Table of ContentsFigures and Tables Contributors Acknowledgments Part 1: Introducing Speaking Subjects Chapter 1. Mi-Cha Flubacher and Judith Purkarthofer: Speaking Subjects in Multilingualism Research: Biographical and Speaker-centred Approaches Chapter 2. Judith Purkarthofer: And the Subject Speaks to You: Biographical Narratives as Memories and Stories of the Narratable Self Chapter 3. Tim McNamara: Discourse and the Agency of the Subject in Autobiographical Narratives Chapter 4. Mi-Cha Flubacher: Ethnography as a Speaker-centred Approach? Methodological Reflections Part 2: Empirical Insights Language Portraits as a Starting Ground Chapter 5. Christine Anthonissen: Profiles of Multilingualism: An Analysis of Language Biographies and Linguistic Repertoires of University Students Chapter 6. Maartje De Meulder and Annelies Kusters: Experiencing Multimodal Languaging: The Use of Language Portraits with Deaf and Hearing Multilingual Signers Chapter 7. Ruth Singer: Linguistic Biographies and Language Portraits as Tools for Developing Shared Understandings of Multilingualism with an Indigenous Australian Community Linguistic Repertoires and Language Learning in Time and Space Chapter 8. Xolisa Guzula: Children’s Use of Their Full Linguistic Repertoire to Establish a Social and Linguistic Third Space for Learning: A Case Study of the Stars of Today Literacy Club Chapter 9. Simangele Mashazi and Marcelyn Oostendorp: Belonging: The Interplay of Linguistic Repertoires, Bodies and Space in an Educational Context Chapter 10. Julie Choi: Learning about Multilingual Language Learning Experiences through Language Trajectory Grids Chapter 11. Andrea Sedlaczek: Using Media Diaries to Study Multilingual Media Repertoires: A Pilot Study with Language Learners in a Rural Community Education Setting Addressing Trauma Chapter 12. Julia Sonnleitner: A Past of Flesh and Blood: Chronotopic Agency and Embodiment in Biographic Narrative Chapter 13. Mastura Raschidy: Freedom is Suffering for a Caged Bird: Biographical Approaches and Psychotraumatology Chapter 14. Mascha Dabić: Speaking about the Unspeakable: Interpreter-mediated Psychotherapy for Survivors of War and Torture Part 3: Unsettling and Extending Biographical Research and Speaker-centred Approaches Chapter 15. Ana Deumert, Zolani Kupe and Nkululeko Mabandla: Ilwiimi Zisulungekile: Reflections on Language, Meaning and Communication Chapter 16. Jürgen Spitzmüller: Ideologies of Communication: The Social Link between Actors, Signs and Practices Chapter 17. Anne-Christel Zeiter-Grau: Language Issues? On Collecting Language Biographies without Focusing on Language Chapter 18. Brigitta Busch: A Few Remarks on Working with Auto-Socio-Bio-Ethnography Index

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Book SynopsisThis book addresses the question of agency in the revitalisation of minoritised languages in Europe, with each chapter presenting an ethnographic account of how language policy operates in a specific linguistic context. The chapters investigate how grassroots actors shape revitalisation, and how individuals and groups negotiate historical factors, motivations, and institutionalised initiatives and policies in a variety of efforts. Between them the chapters address both contexts where social actors have gained and exerted agency in their revitalisation efforts, and contexts where issues of authority, authenticity and lack of engagement plague efforts; these chapters provide insights into how social actors work within and against social conventions and strictures.This book is available Open Access under a CC BY ND License.

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Book SynopsisIn today’s globalised world, large-scale migration is the norm. A contributing factor to the successful settlement of migrants is the ability to access work and economic security. This book focuses on the lived experiences of migrants who (try to) access the workplace, and explores the barriers and support they encounter. The editors bring together studies which look at the ways in which inclusion and exclusion from the workplace are done linguistically from historical, discourse analytical, narrative and language assessment perspectives. The chapters represent an innovative, holistic, intersectional and multidisciplinary approach to the subject, and illustrate a wide range of analytical methods and theoretical tools for the study of multilingualism and professional identity. The rich empirical data contained in the book cover a variety of professional contexts and countries, and the book will appeal to both specialist and non-specialist audiences.Trade ReviewThis expert editorial team present a rich range of research from diverse temporal, geographical and linguistic contexts. Qualitative analysis of workplace interactions explores migrants’ lived experience and the complex relationship between language policy and actual practices. At the forefront of workplace discourse research, the editors strongly advocate an activist agenda for sociolinguistics and applied linguistics research. * Janet Holmes, Professor Emerita, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand *This book offers rich insights into the various ways in which language matters in the working life of migrants. The fine-grained ethnographic and historical contributions remind us of the crucial political dimension of language and its impact on the lives of people on the move. The volume constitutes a valuable resource for sociolinguists, applied linguists and discourse analysts. * Alexandre Duchêne, University of Fribourg, Switzerland *This outstanding volume employs interdisciplinary and critical sociolinguistic, theoretical and methodological frameworks to explore the debate over which language competences and ‘skills’ might be regarded as adequate or not, by whom and why – especially in the case of migrant workers. It becomes apparent that the workplace continues to be one of the salient contexts which perpetuates societal power asymmetries. This book is a must read for scholars and laypeople alike who are concerned about the rising inequalities in our globalized societies. * Ruth Wodak, Emerita Professor, Lancaster University, UK and University of Vienna, Austria *Table of ContentsContributors Chapter 1. Jo Angouri, Julie Kerekes and Minna Suni: Migration and Language at Work: Current Trends and Future Opportunities for Multidisciplinary Research Chapter 2. Florian Hiss: Contextualising Diversity, Work and Mobility across Time: Cases from Norway's 'High North' Chapter 3. Nóra Schleicher: 'Doctor Johnny': The Discursive Construction of the Medical Doctor as an Immigrant Chapter 4. Fiona O'Neill: Multilingual Professionals, Monolingual Contexts and Multicultural Mindsets: Towards an Intercultural Mindset Chapter 5. Marta Kirilova: 'Getting the Job Done': Conventional Expressions as Shibboleths in Multilingual Job Interviews Chapter 6. Marja Seilonen and Minna Suni: Assessing and Analysing Health Care Finnish: Test Performance and Lived Experiences Chapter 7. Julie Kerekes and Jeanne Sinclair: The Role of Soft Skills in Vocational ESL: Their Potential to (Dis)Empower Migrant Employment Seekers Chapter 8. Johanna Tovar: Impression Management Games: Language and Mobility among Southern European Migrants in a London Call Centre Chapter 9. Art Babayants: Understanding the Immigrant Actor through a Multilingual Lens Chapter 10. Kristina Humonen and Jo Angouri: ‘[They] thought I didn’t know how to be a chef because I didn’t speak Finnish’: Gatekeeping and Professional Role Enactment in a Multilingual Kitchen Context Index

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Book SynopsisThis book brings together 11 prominent scholars and political activists to discuss and explore issues around postcolonialism, decoloniality, Theories of the South and Epistemologies of the South. These wide-ranging discussions touch upon issues from academic research methods and writing conventions to global struggles for justice. Together the chapters, as well as the interventions from forum participants which are characteristic of this series, paint a complex and dynamic picture of areas of thought and action that are constantly evolving in response to the demands of a world in flux. The book is a major intervention in current debates about the geopolitics of knowledge, as well as an illustration of the ways in which scholarship in the Global North(s) is indebted to the diverse traditions of scholarship in the Global South(s).Trade ReviewIt is a true pleasure to (re)encounter some of the wise elders (if I may) of the contemporary global struggles against the racist, colonial, patriarchal and capitalist death project. This volume attests to the creativity, tenacity and longevity of such powerful struggles and is a wonderful gift to all, including those who are about to join. * Julia Suárez Krabbe, Roskilde University, Denmark *For applied linguists who are looking to explore Southern epistemologies and decolonial scholarship, there are few better starting points than this book. The volume brings together some of the most prominent scholars in Southern epistemologies and engages them in conversation, helping readers understand key points of convergence and divergence. If you’ve been wanting to learn more about Southern perspectives but weren’t sure where to start, this is the book for you! * Alissa J. Hartig, Portland State University, USA *The volume is a unique collection of discussions with leading scholars and political activists concerned with decoloniality, Theories of the South and related fields. It is designed to allow the contributors to tease out the weaknesses and strengths of the concepts, thereby providing nuanced insights. This publication is essential reading for academics, students, and political activists in these fields globally. * Felix Banda, University of the Western Cape, South Africa *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments and Gratitude Foreword Chapter 1. Sinfree Makoni, Anna Kaiper-Marquez and Bassey Antia: Introduction Chapter 2. Jean Comaroff: Theory from the South: Thinking Out Loud About Decolonization Chapter 3. Boaventura de Sousa Santos: Epistemologies of the South: Justice Against Epistemicide Chapter 4. Molefi Kete Asante: Upending the Inhuman: Decoloniality, Postmodernism and Afrocentricity Chapter 5. Ngũgĩ wa Thiongo: The Politics of Language, Memory and Knowledge Chapter 6. Drucilla Cornell and Souleymane Bachir Diagne: uBuntu, Nite and the Struggle for Global Justice Chapter 7. Catherine Walsh and Walter Mignolo: Foundational Concepts and Struggles for Dignity and Life Chapter 8. Linda Tuhiwai Smith: Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples Clarissa Jordao: Epilogue: The South Writing Back Index

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Book SynopsisThough not without its rivals, Latin stood at the apex of Western culture from the Renaissance until relatively recently. Françoise Waquet offers an enthralling, original history of the language's uses, its detractors and defenders, and the social hierarchies its practitioners inscribed. Granted a new lease of life by the Humanists and the Catholic Church, Latin was the form in which generations of schoolchildren were taught to read, millions of people worshipped, and an international community of scholars communicated with one another. It conveyed sacredness, but also obscenity; learning, as well as pedantry; science, but also trickery and mumbo-jumbo. Few individuals even among the clergy or the most learned scholars have ever managed to speak it with any degree of correctness or fluency, let alone elegance. Why, despite rationalist criticisms that Latin was inaccessible to the great majority of people, and inconvenient and time-consuming for the rest, did it maintain such a strong presence - some would say a tyranny - for so long?Trade ReviewA splendid book: original in method, suggestive in argument, and a pleasure to read. -- Anthony Grafton * London Review of Books *... [a] fascinating and lively survey of the place of Latin western culture during the past 400 years. * Independent *... richly researched and delightful ... with scholars of Waquet's generosity and ability, the old language might yet have a future. * New Criterion *... detailed and wide-ranging ... * Los Angeles Times Book Review *... an eloquent obituary ... * Spectator *Fascinating. -- A.C. Grayling * Guardian, Summer Choice *Latin is dead and this book is its epitaph ... it is the merit and interest of Waquet's survey that she finds Latin not only deployed for the liturgy, but also to describe things carnal, pornographic, or otherwise shameful. * Daily Telegraph *A wonderful survey. -- A. N. Wilson

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Book SynopsisIn his provocative but critically acclaimed theory about the origin of introspectable mentality, Julian Jaynes argued that until the late second millennium people possessed a different psychology: a "two-chambered" (bicameral) neurocultural arrangement in which a commanding "god" guided, admonished, and ordered about a listening mortal via voices, visions, and visitations. Out of the cauldron of civilizational collapse and chaos, an adaptive self-reflexive consciousness emerged better suited to the pressures of larger, more complex sociopolitical systems.Though often described as boldly iconoclastic and far ahead of its time, Jaynes''s thinking actually resonates with a second or other psychological tradition that explores the cultural-historical evolution of psyche. Brian J. McVeigh, a student of Jaynes, points out the blind spots of mainstream, establishment psychology by providing empirical support for Jaynes''s ideas on sociohistorical shifts in cognition. He argues that from around 3500 to 1000 BCE the archaeological and historical record reveals features of hallucinatory super-religiosity in every known civilization. As social pressures eroded the god-centered authority of bicamerality, an upgraded psychology of interiorized self-awareness arose during the Late Bronze Age Collapse. A key explanatory component of Jaynes's theorizing was how metaphors constructed a mental landscape populated with I's and me's that replaced a declining worldview dominated by gods, ancestors, and spirits. McVeigh statistically substantiates how linguo-conceptual changes reflected psychohistorical developments; because supernatural entities functioned in place of our inner selves, vocabularies for psychological terms were strikingly limited in ancient languages. McVeigh also demonstrates the surprising ubiquity of hearing voices in modern times, contending that hallucinations are bicameral vestiges and that mental imagerya controllable, semi-hallucinatory experienceis the successor to the divine hallucinations that once held societies together.This thought-provoking work will appeal to anyone interested in the transformative power of metaphors, the development of mental lexicons, and the adaptive role of hallucinations.

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Book SynopsisThis book analyses the letters of marginalised groups of World War I soldiers - including Black, Indian and disabled ex-servicemen - from a linguistic perspective, looking at issues such as descriptions of disability, identity and migration, dealing with minority groups who have long been rendered invisible, and exploring how these writers position themselves in relation to the 'other'. The author makes use of a corpus-assisted approach to examine identity construction and performance, shedding light on a previously under-explored demographic. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of World War I history, language and identity, psychological and physical disability, as well as readers seeking a fresh angle on a key period of 20th century history. Table of ContentsList of illustrations and tablesAcknowledgements Abbreviations used in text 1. Introduction Compiling the corpus The letter: Metacommunicative features in colonial correspondence Post-war letters to the Lord Mayor of Liverpool: Epistolary constructions of identity Historical learning disabilities: linguistic abilities of ex-servicemen with imbecility, feeblemindedness and mental deficiency in the Ministry of Pension files Psychological disability, word use and identity: language in ex-servicemen’s letters to the Ministry of Pensions Keywords in the DSM manuals: an analysis of psychological disorders of warfare Europe through Indian Eyes: constructions of foreignness in Indian soldiers’ letters 9. Conclusion Index Appendices

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Book SynopsisThis book asks how we—as citizens, immigrants, activists, teachers—can counter the abuse of language in our midst. How can we take back the power of language from those who flaunt that power to silence or erase us and our fellows? In search of answers, Linguistic Disobedience recalls ages and situations that made critiquing, correcting, and caring for language essential for survival. From turn-of-the-twentieth-century Central Europe to the miseries of the Third Reich, from the Movement for Black Lives to the ongoing effort to decolonize African languages, the study and practice of linguistic disobedience have been crucial. But what are we to do today, when reactionary supremacists and authoritarians are screen-testing their own forms of so-called disobedience to quash oppositional social justice movements and their languages? Blending lyric essay with cultural criticism, historical analysis, and applied linguistics, Linguistic Disobedience offers suggestions for a hopeful pathway forward in violent times.Table of ContentsIntroduction: Obeying and Disobeying.- Chapter 1: Critique.- Chapter 2: Correction.- Chapter 3: Care.- Epilogue: Finding Our Minds.

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Book SynopsisPinpoints how dogwhistles and figleaves, two kinds of linguistic trick, distort political discourse and normalize racismIt is widely accepted that political discourse in recent years has become more openly racist and more accepting of wildly implausible conspiracy theories. Dogwhistles and Figleaves explores ways in which such changes--both of which defied previously settled norms of political speech--have been brought about. Jennifer Saul shows that two linguistic devices, dogwhistles and figleaves, have played a crucial role. Some dogwhistles (such as 88, used by Nazis online to mean Heil Hitler) serve to disguise messages that would otherwise be rejected as unacceptable, allowing them to be transmitted surreptitiously. Other dogwhistles (like the 1988 Willie Horton ad) work by influencing people in ways that they are not aware of, and which they would likely reject were they aware. Figleaves (such as just asking questions) take messages that could easily be recognized as unacceptablTrade ReviewIt's a scrupulous look at a damaging linguistic phenomenon that often hides in plain sight. * Publishers Weekly *What is interesting about Saul's study is the instability of meaning it reveals, the layers of deception employed not only by speakers, but by listeners, who are occasionally deluding themselves ... clear, engaging and very readable. * Roisin Kiberd, Irish Independent *There is no doubt that our current political climate is posing a threat to democracy. It is not only that we are polarized, but polarization is fueled by an onslaught of (often thinly veiled) manipulative speech and falsehoods. Media consumers absorb distorting messages without even being aware of it, and speakers are not held responsible. Dogwhistles and Figleaves provides an essential tool for seeing how our ability to communicate and to coordinate is being undermined. This theoretically rich and highly readable book is essential for those who value democracy, and the kind of public discourse that makes it possible. * Sally Haslanger, Ford Professor of Philosophy and Women's and Genders Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology *Table of ContentsIntroduction Part 1: Racism 1: White Racism, White Folk Racial Theory, and White Racial Discourse 2: Racist Dogwhistles 3: Figleaves for Racism Part 2: Falsehood 4: The Rise of Blatant Falsehood and Wild Conspiracism 5: Figleaves, Dogwhistles, and Falsehood 6: Obvious Falsehoods Without Deniability 7: Dogwhistles, Figleaves, and the Fight Against Racism and Blatant Falsehood

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Winner of the Kenshur Prize, Bloomington Center for Eighteenth-Century Studies""Shortlisted for the Wolfson History Prize""Shortlisted for the Cundill History Prize, McGill University""A History Today Book of the Year""Harrison digs equally in Chinese and European archives, finding abundant vivid material from which to reconstruct [Li and Staunton’s] stories, weaving them together to rewrite the opening chapter of Sino–British relations as a series of unfortunate events in which a word, a look or a gesture could alter the course of the encounter. . . . An invigorating re-vision. . . . Harrison’s strength is in narrating lives lived and reminding us that the consequences were never preordained."---Timothy Brook, Times Literary Supplement"Today the fiasco of 1793 is the postulate for an elaborate paradigm that is supposed to explain China’s decline in power in the 19th century. . . . But the paradigm is problematic: it isn’t only ahistorical but, as Henrietta Harrison suggests in The Perils of Interpreting, it focuses on the wrong people."---Pamela Crossley, London Review of Books"Harrison could not have picked two more fascinating men to focus her book on. Both Li and Staunton lived truly extraordinary lives and the reader is led vividly through each. . . . Not only is The Perils of Interpreting an empathetic portrait of two men, it also deftly reveals the critical importance of translation and of interpreters—for without them neither cross-cultural interactions nor cross-cultural understanding can even begin."---Sarah Bramao-Ramos, History Today"Often the most readable books on Chinese history are those that use detailed accounts of the lives of individuals to illuminate the great events of their time. Oxford professor Henrietta Harrison’s The Perils of Interpreting: The Extraordinary Lives of Two Translators between Qing China and the British Empire is a fine example, providing a fresh description of the 1793 embassy from Britain’s King George III to the Manchu Qianlong emperor through the eyes of those who mediated, rather than those of the principals."---Peter Neville-Hadley, South China Morning Post Magazine"[The Perils of Interpreting] reads like a swashbuckling adventure novel. . . . [A] vivid reconstruction of an era."---John Krich, Nikkei Asia"[The Perils of Interpreting] takes a familiar story—the deteriorating diplomacy between Britain and Qing China from the 1793 Macartney Mission and the Opium War—and masterfully retells it through the lives of two translators." * History Today *"[Harrison’s] prose is pictorial and vivacious, effortlessly carrying the reader into a new domain of empathy and historical awareness. The unique and intimate stories of translators offer an antidote to simplistic accounts. . . . The result is a book that thoroughly transforms what we know about Sino-British encounters leading up to the Opium War."---Jenny Huangfu Day, Journal of Chinese History"Marvelous."---Haun Saussy, Journal of the American Oriental Society"The Perils of Interpreting offers extraordinarily fresh information deftly crafted into a narrative embracing biography, imperial history, maritime history, British political history, religious history, and the history of Chinese and British relations. Harrison, an adroit storyteller, designed the book as a chronologically told story of two men, two cultures, and two imperial powers attempting to communicate between worlds. . . . Harrison’s attention to interpretation, its delicacy, its omissions as well as its expressions reveals how power inheres in language, and power is as much in the hands of translators as in the hands of leaders of state. This fascinating, deeply researched, highly informed account is microhistory at its very best."---Carla Mulford, The Eighteenth-Century Intelligencer"Harrison’s rich book opens up so many lines of inquiry that it is bound to produce a wealth of follow-up studies. Let us hope that they will be as eye-opening and enjoyable to read."---Eun Kyung Min, Eighteenth-Century Studies"Fascinating."---Hamish Gobson, Think Scotland

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Winner of the Kenshur Prize, Bloomington Center for Eighteenth-Century Studies""Shortlisted for the Wolfson History Prize""Shortlisted for the Cundill History Prize, McGill University""A History Today Book of the Year""Harrison digs equally in Chinese and European archives, finding abundant vivid material from which to reconstruct [Li and Staunton’s] stories, weaving them together to rewrite the opening chapter of Sino–British relations as a series of unfortunate events in which a word, a look or a gesture could alter the course of the encounter. . . . An invigorating re-vision. . . . Harrison’s strength is in narrating lives lived and reminding us that the consequences were never preordained."---Timothy Brook, Times Literary Supplement"Today the fiasco of 1793 is the postulate for an elaborate paradigm that is supposed to explain China’s decline in power in the 19th century. . . . But the paradigm is problematic: it isn’t only ahistorical but, as Henrietta Harrison suggests in The Perils of Interpreting, it focuses on the wrong people."---Pamela Crossley, London Review of Books"Harrison could not have picked two more fascinating men to focus her book on. Both Li and Staunton lived truly extraordinary lives and the reader is led vividly through each. . . . Not only is The Perils of Interpreting an empathetic portrait of two men, it also deftly reveals the critical importance of translation and of interpreters—for without them neither cross-cultural interactions nor cross-cultural understanding can even begin."---Sarah Bramao-Ramos, History Today"Often the most readable books on Chinese history are those that use detailed accounts of the lives of individuals to illuminate the great events of their time. Oxford professor Henrietta Harrison’s The Perils of Interpreting: The Extraordinary Lives of Two Translators between Qing China and the British Empire is a fine example, providing a fresh description of the 1793 embassy from Britain’s King George III to the Manchu Qianlong emperor through the eyes of those who mediated, rather than those of the principals."---Peter Neville-Hadley, South China Morning Post Magazine"[The Perils of Interpreting] reads like a swashbuckling adventure novel. . . . [A] vivid reconstruction of an era."---John Krich, Nikkei Asia"[The Perils of Interpreting] takes a familiar story—the deteriorating diplomacy between Britain and Qing China from the 1793 Macartney Mission and the Opium War—and masterfully retells it through the lives of two translators." * History Today *"[Harrison’s] prose is pictorial and vivacious, effortlessly carrying the reader into a new domain of empathy and historical awareness. The unique and intimate stories of translators offer an antidote to simplistic accounts. . . . The result is a book that thoroughly transforms what we know about Sino-British encounters leading up to the Opium War."---Jenny Huangfu Day, Journal of Chinese History"Marvelous."---Haun Saussy, Journal of the American Oriental Society"The Perils of Interpreting offers extraordinarily fresh information deftly crafted into a narrative embracing biography, imperial history, maritime history, British political history, religious history, and the history of Chinese and British relations. Harrison, an adroit storyteller, designed the book as a chronologically told story of two men, two cultures, and two imperial powers attempting to communicate between worlds. . . . Harrison’s attention to interpretation, its delicacy, its omissions as well as its expressions reveals how power inheres in language, and power is as much in the hands of translators as in the hands of leaders of state. This fascinating, deeply researched, highly informed account is microhistory at its very best."---Carla Mulford, The Eighteenth-Century Intelligencer"Harrison’s rich book opens up so many lines of inquiry that it is bound to produce a wealth of follow-up studies. Let us hope that they will be as eye-opening and enjoyable to read."---Eun Kyung Min, Eighteenth-Century Studies"Fascinating."---Hamish Gobson, Think Scotland

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