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Book SynopsisThis practical guide bridges the gap between general cloud computing architecture in Microsoft Azure and scientific computing for bioinformatics and genomics.

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Book SynopsisMathematics instruction is often more effective when presented in a physical context. Schramm uses this insight to help develop students'' physical intuition as he guides them through the mathematical methods required to study upper-level physics. Based on the undergraduate Math Methods course he has taught for many years at Occidental College, the text encourages a symbiosis through which the physics illuminates the math, which in turn informs the physics. Appropriate for both classroom and self-study use, the text begins with a review of useful techniques to ensure students are comfortable with prerequisite material. It then moves on to cover vector fields, analytic functions, linear algebra, function spaces, and differential equations. Written in an informal and engaging style, it also includes short supplementary digressions (''By the Ways'') as optional boxes showcasing directions in which the math or physics may be explored further. Extensive problems are included throughout, manTrade Review'Schramm's Mathematical Methods and Physical Insights is a very welcome new textbook in the area of pedagogical mathematical physics. The book contains numerous insightful and helpful examples from classical and modern physics, as well as unusual and interesting applications of the presented mathematical concepts within and beyond physics. I find the 'BTW' inserts, and the lively, unpretentious style of the book both exciting and entertaining. The material discussed in Schramm's textbook covers entirely the scope of our three-trimester-long Mathematical Methods offering, and additionally provides useful background material to 'even out' the often inhomogeneous preparation of students in these classes; I will definitely consider adopting this textbook for my next offerings of Mathematical Methods for Physics here at the University of California, Santa Cruz.' Professor Stefano Profumo, University of California, Santa Cruz'As the title suggests, Schramm's book distinguishes itself from traditional mathematical methods texts in its thematic approach that builds from unit to unit, using rich examples from physical systems that elucidate each topic. A must-read for physicists wanting to expand their mathematical toolkit as well as for mathematicians hoping to gain new insights from the physical world.' Professor Jason Detwiler, University of Washington'For students taking physics courses, one of the difficulties is how to apply appropriate mathematical skills in problem solving (e.g., using integration to find the electric field produced by a continuous charge distribution). This book introduces commonly used mathematical skills from the perspective of a physicist. Focusing on the topics in upper-level physics courses, it provides the mathematical skills for solving problems in each topic. The book is easy to read, and the problems at the end of each chapter offer plenty of exercises for students. The book is a valuable resource for undergraduate students taking upper-level physics courses, and instructors teaching such courses. It could also be a useful reference for graduate students.' Professor Hong Lin, Bates College'Physics and engineering students often struggle with mathematics texts that present the material in an abstract fashion, disconnected from practical applications. Schramm's text represents a refreshing and much needed change. Providing context and intuition throughout, with many worked examples, and in engaging prose, it does more than just explain mathematical methods; it infuses them with meaning and relevance.' Dr. Jochen Rau, RheinMain University of Applied Sciences, GermanyTable of ContentsPreface; Part I. Things You Just Gotta' Know: 1. Prelude: symbiosis; 2. Coordinating coordinates; 3. Complex numbers; 4. Index algebra; 5. Brandishing binomials; 6. Infinite series; 7. Interlude: orbits in a central potential; 8. Ten integration techniques and tricks; 9. The Dirac delta function; 10. Coda: statistical mechanics; Part II. The Calculus of Vector Fields: 11. Prelude: visualizing vector fields; 12. grad, div & curl; 13. Interlude: irrotational and incompressible; 14. Integrating scalar & vector fields; 15. The theorems of Gauss & Stokes; 16. Simply connected regions; 17. Coda: mostly Maxwell; Part III. Calculus in the Complex Plane: 18. Prelude: path independence in the complex plane; 19. Series, singularities & branches; 20. Interlude: conformal mapping; 21. The calculus of residues; 22. Coda: analyticity & causality; Part IV. Linear Algebra: 23. Prelude: superposition; 24. Vector space; 25. The inner product; 26. Interlude: rotations; 27. The Eigenvalue problem; 28. Coda: normal modes; Entr'acte: Tensors; 29. Cartesian tensors; 30. Beyond cartesian; Part V. Orthogonal Functions: 31. Prelude: 1 2 3 . . . infinity; 32. Eponymous polynomials; 33. Fourier series; 34. Convergence and completeness; 35. Interlude: beyond the straight & narrow; 36. Fourier transforms; 37. Coda: of time intervals and frequency bands; Part VI. Differential Equations: 38. Prelude: first order first; 39. Second-order ODEs; 40. Interlude: the Sturm-Liouville Eigenvalue problem; 41. Partial differential equations; 42. Green's functions; 43. Coda: quantum scattering; Appendix A. Curvilinear coordinates; Appendix B. Rotations in R3; Appendix C. The Bessel family of functions; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis detailed yet accessible text introduces the advanced mathematical methods at the core of theoretical physics. Based on a course for senior undergraduate students of physics, it is written in a clear, pedagogical style and would also be valuable to students in other areas of science and engineering.Trade Review'The recent explosive development of topological quantum matter requires a deep systematic understanding of modern mathematics. Quantum many-body entanglement in topological quantum matter is a new phenomenon that requires new mathematical language to describe. This is a rare book that provides systematic and in-depth coverage of some of the most important mathematical concepts, such as groups, geometry, topology and algebra, among others. Many abstract mathematical notions are explained in an easy, explicit fashion. This is an in-depth, friendly book on modern mathematics. Very timely and highly recommended.' Xiao-Gang Wen, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyTable of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Group theory; 3. Representation theory of groups; 4. Differentiable manifolds; 5. Riemannian geometry; 6. Semisimple Lie algebras and their unitary representations; Appendix A; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisWaves are an important topic in the fields of mechanics, electromagnetism, and quantum theory, but many students struggle with the mathematical aspects. Written to complement course textbooks, this book focuses on the topics that students find most difficult. Retaining the highly popular approach used in Fleisch''s other Student''s Guides, the book uses plain language to explain fundamental ideas in a simple and clear way. Exercises and fully-worked examples help readers test their understanding of the concepts, making this an ideal book for undergraduates in physics and engineering trying to get to grips with this challenging subject. The book is supported by a suite of online resources available at www.cambridge.org/9781107643260. These include interactive solutions for every exercise and problem in the text and a series of video podcasts in which the authors explain the important concepts of every section of the book.Trade Review'I recommend this supplementary textbook as a clear tutorial for understanding the basic concepts of waves and the wave equation with its applications to mechanics, electromagnetic waves and the Schrӧdinger equation. … It is written for undergraduates in physics and engineering, but it also has exceptional value to a wider readership. … Physical insights that are helpful for a deep understanding of waves are uniquely presented. The text is supplemented with clear and useful graphs. The book's website contains additional resources: worked solutions to all problems, animated graphics, a few errata, and author podcasts to augment all the chapters.' Barry R. Masters, Optics and Photonics NewsTable of ContentsIntroduction; 1. Wave fundamentals; 2. The wave equation; 3. Wave components; 4. The mechanical wave equation; 5. The electromagnetic wave equation; 6. The quantum wave equation; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisA cell, whose spatial extent is small compared with a surrounding flow, can develop inside a vortex. Such cells, often referred to as vortex breakdown bubbles, provide stable and clean flame in combustion chambers; they also reduce the lift force of delta wings. This book analyzes cells in slow and fast, one- and two-fluid flows and describes the mechanisms of cell generation: (a) minimal energy dissipation, (b) competing forces, (c) jet entrainment, and (d) swirl decay. The book explains the vortex breakdown appearance, discusses its features, and indicates means of its control. Written in acceptable, non-math-heavy format, it stands to be a useful learning tool for engineers working with combustion chambers, chemical and biological reactors, and delta-wing designs.Table of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Creeping eddies; 3. Two-fluid creeping flows; 4. Formation of cells in thermal convection; 5. Swirl decay mechanisms; 6. Vortex breakdown in a sealed cylinder; 7. Cellular whirlpool flow; 8. Cellular water-spout flow; 9. Cellular flows in vortex devices.

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Book SynopsisThis interdisciplinary volume discusses animal housing and welfare, captive breeding, conservation, zoo legislation, and visitor behaviour. This book is an important resource for students studying zoo biology and management, animal welfare, animal behaviour, wildlife conservation and veterinary science, and anyone with a general interest in zoos.Table of Contents1. Zoos and research; 2. Defining zoos, their culture and visitors; 3. Zoos and education; 4. Anthrozoology and visitor behaviour; 5. Zoo organisation and regulation; 6. Ethics, zoos and public attitudes; 7. The contribution of zoos to Zoology; 8. Animals and their enclosures; 9. Animal welfare; 10. Enrichment and training; 11. Conservation breeding, reproduction and genetics; 12. Restoration, rehabilitation and in situ conservation; 13. Animal nutrition and conservation medicine; 14. The past and future of zoos.

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Book SynopsisA definitive reference on the Dawn mission and its key results, including the implications for our understanding of the asteroid belt and evolution of the Solar System. With chapters written by prominent scientists, this is an essential volume for researchers and professionals of planetary science, asteroid science and space exploration.Table of ContentsList of contributors; Preface; Part I. Remote Observations and Exploration of Main Belt Asteroids: 1. Remote observations of the main belt Pierre Vernazza, Fumihiko Usui and Sunao Hasegawa; 2. Exploring Vesta and Ceres Christopher T. Russell and Marc D. Rayman; Part II. Key Results from Dawn Exploration of Vesta and Ceres: 3. Protoplanet Vesta and HED meteorites Harry Y. McSween Jr. and Richard P. Binzel; 4. The internal evolution of Vesta Michael J. Toplis and Doris Breuer; 5. Vesta's geomorphology Debra L. Buczkowski, Ralf Jaumann and Simone Marchi; 6. The surface composition of Vesta Jean-Philippe Combe and Naoyuki Yamashita; 7. Ceres' surface composition Maria Cristina De Sanctis and Andrea Raponi; 8. Carbon and organic matter on Ceres Thomas Prettyman, Maria Cristina De Sanctis and Simone Marchi; 9. Ammonia on Ceres Eleonora Ammannito and Bethany Ehlmann; 10. Geomorphology of Ceres David A. Williams, Andreas Nathues and Jennifer E. C. Scully; 11. Ceres' internal evolution Julie Castillo-Rogez and Philip Bland; 12. Geophysics of Vesta and Ceres Anton I. Ermakov and Carol A. Raymond; Part III. Implications for the Formation and Evolution of the Solar System: 13. Formation of main belt asteroids Hubert Klahr, Marco Delbo and Konstantin Gerbig; 14. Isotopic constraints on the formation of the main belt Katherine R. Bermingham and Thomas S. Kruijer; 15. Origin and dynamical evolution of main belt asteroids Sean N. Raymond and David Nesvorný; 16. Collisional evolution of the main belt as recorded by Vesta William F. Bottke and Martin Jutzi; 17. Epilogue: the renaissance of main belt science Simone Marchi, Carol A. Raymond and Christopher T. Russell; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis clear and pedagogical text delivers a concise overview of classical and quantum statistical physics. Essential Statistical Physics shows students how to relate the macroscopic properties of physical systems to their microscopic degrees of freedom, preparing them for graduate courses in areas such as biophysics, condensed matter physics, atomic physics and statistical mechanics. Topics covered include the microcanonical, canonical, and grand canonical ensembles, Liouville''s Theorem, Kinetic Theory, non-interacting Fermi and Bose systems and phase transitions, and the Ising model. Detailed steps are given in mathematical derivations, allowing students to quickly develop a deep understanding of statistical techniques. End-of-chapter problems reinforce key concepts and introduce more advanced applications, and appendices provide a detailed review of thermodynamics and related mathematical results. This succinct book offers a fresh and intuitive approach to one of the most challengingTrade Review'At last a textbook that contains all the required elements for a modern advanced undergraduate course on statistical physics: foundations, quantum statistical mechanics, phase transitions and dynamics. I particularly like the derivation of ensembles through maximization of Gibbs entropy and the Langevin description of Brownian motion. Plenty of instructive problems within ten digestible chapters make this a text I can recommend to my students.' Martin Evans, University of Edinburgh'Statistical mechanics is a vast and fascinating topic, sometimes intimidating beginning students. Kennett succeeds in delivering an agile, fresh and modern exposition of the essential ideas and methods, in addition to a well-thought selection of examples and applications borrowed from all branches of physics. Students and teachers alike will enjoy the carefully organized table of contents for self-study and lecture preparation.' Roberto Raimondi, Roma Tre University'This book incorporates, into a single course, ideas and theoretical techniques in statistical physics and quantum mechanics that are connected by the physical phenomena they are meant to describe. Yet they are rarely all found in the same text. Professor Kennett offers students of theoretical physics a rare opportunity to acquire a mature understanding of their impact and meaning.' Herbert Fertig, Indiana University, BloomingtonTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Introduction; 2. The microcanonical ensemble; 3. Liouville's theorem; 4. The canonical ensemble; 5. Kinetic theory; 6. The grand canonical ensemble; 7. Quantum statistical mechanics; 8. Fermions; 9. Bosons; 10. Phase transitions and order; Appendix A Gaussian integrals and stirling's formula; Appendix B Primer on thermal physics; Appendix C Heat capacity cusp in Bose systems; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisMeteorites are fascinating cosmic visitors. Using accessible language, this book documents the history of mineralogy and meteorite research, summarizes the mineralogical characteristics of the myriad varieties of meteorites, and explains the mineralogical characteristics of Solar System bodies visited by spacecraft. Some of these bodies contain minerals that do not occur naturally on Earth or in meteorites. The book explains how to recognize different phases under the microscope and in back-scattered electron images. It summarizes the major ways in which meteoritic minerals form from condensation in the expanding atmospheres of dying stars to crystallization in deep-seated magmas, from flash-melting in the solar nebula to weathering in the terrestrial environment. Containing spectacular back-scattered electron images, colour photographs of meteorite minerals, and with an accompanying online list of meteorite minerals, this book provides a useful resource for meteorite researchers, terTable of Contents1. Minerals and Meteorites: Historical Foundations and Current Status; 2. Definitions and Explications; 3. Brief review of Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry; 4. Properties of Minerals: Explanations and Applications; 5. Identification of Meteoritic Minerals in Reflected Light, by Back-scattered Electron (BSE) Imaging, and by EDS and EBSD Analyses; 6. Meteorite Classification and Taxonomy; 7. Mineralogy of Major Physical Components of Chondrites; 8. Petrologic and Mineralogical Characteristics of Meteorite Groups; 9. Cosmomineralogy; 10. Formation of Meteoritic Minerals in Gas- and Dust-rich Environments; 11. Formation of Meteoritic Minerals on Parent Bodies; 12. Formation of Meteoritic Minerals in the Terrestrial Environment; 13. The Strange Case of the Aluminum-Copper Alloys; Epilogue; References.

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Book SynopsisBased on class-tested material, this concise yet comprehensive treatment of the fundamentals of solid mechanics is ideal for those taking single-semester courses on the subject. It provides interdisciplinary coverage of the key topics, combining solid mechanics with structural design applications, mechanical behavior of materials, and the finite element method. Part I covers basic theory, including the analysis of stress and strain, Hooke''s law, and the formulation of boundary-value problems in Cartesian and cylindrical coordinates. Part II covers applications, from solving boundary-value problems, to energy methods and failure criteria, two-dimensional plane stress and strain problems, antiplane shear, contact problems, and much more. With a wealth of solved examples, assigned exercises, and 130 homework problems, and a solutions manual available online, this is ideal for senior undergraduates studying solid mechanics, and graduates taking introductory courses in solid mechanics and Trade Review'The Lubardas, a father-son duo, deliver a unique and well-balanced textbook on solid mechanics. The material is presented at the intermediate level, and is tested by many years of well-received classroom instruction by both authors in their respective institutions. The authors take the reader from basic concepts of traction, stress, and strain, to boundary-value problems in elasticity, and finish with more advanced topics, such as contact, variational principles, and failure criteria. The book is well suited for advanced undergraduate students as a course textbook, as well as for first- and second-year graduate students as a reference for more advanced courses in solid mechanics. The book strikes an excellent balance between theory and application examples, and presents a perfect jumping-off point to study more advanced topics in solid mechanics, such as damage, plasticity, fracture, and advanced numerical approaches such as the Finite Element Method.' Yuri Bazilevs, Brown University'A very useful and accessible introduction to solid mechanics. The book contains many illustrations and a broad range of applications, which make it a reading pleasure with many insights.' Horacio Espinosa, Northwestern University'A remarkable text covering a vast range of topics and problems in solid mechanics, this unique work provides clear and thorough coverage suitable for beginning students, advanced students and practitioners. The treatment starts with basic concepts concerning deformation, stress and equilibrium, progresses to elementary and intermediate strength of materials, moves on to advanced topics in elasticity including fracture and the stress and deformation fields around dislocations, and from there to three-dimensional problems including a lucid treatment of the all-important Hertzian contact problem. This major work includes a comprehensive discussion of material failure criteria and culminates in a thorough treatment of energy methods underlying modern finite-element analysis. The work reflects the singular devotion of its authors to all aspects of solid mechanics.' David Steigmann, University of California, Berkeley'This is a well-written, balanced textbook on solid mechanics, aimed at advanced undergraduate or first-year graduate-student audiences in applied mechanics or mechanical engineering.' J. Lambropoulos, ChoiceTable of ContentsPreface; Part I. Fundamentals of Solid Mechanics: 1. Analysis of stress; 2. Analysis of strain; 3. Stress-strain relations; 4. Boundary value problems of elasticity; 5. Boundary-value problems: cylindrical coordinates; Part II. Applications: 6. Two-dimensional problems of elasticity; 7. Two-dimensional problems in polar coordinates; 8. Antiplane shear; 9. Torsion of prismatic rods; 10. Bending of prismatic beams; 11. Contact problems; 12. Energy methods; 13. Failure criteria; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis Element offers a novel concept of human nature, which avoids problematic essences and helps unite references to human nature across the sciences and popular media. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.Table of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Against Human Nature; 3. Is Human Nature a Bin of Traits?; 4. The Trait Cluster Account of Human Nature; 5. Challenges to the LTC Account of Human Nature; 6. What Can We Do with the LTC Account of Human Nature?; 7. Conclusions; References.

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Book SynopsisThis book documents the present state of wildlife on a global scale, using a taxonomic approach. It is an essential guide for undergraduate and graduate students taking courses in conservation biology and natural resource management, and academics and professionals involved in conservation.Table of Contents1. Introduction and the evolution of life on earth Norman Maclean; 2. Flowering plants Sara Oldfield and Lauren Gardiner; 3. Bryophytes and Pteridophytes; Spore-bearing land plants Mary Gibby; 4. Terrestrial mammals Alexis M. Mychajliw; 5. Marine mammals: exploited for millennia, but still holding on Alexis M. Mychajliw and Thomas A. Jefferson; 6. Birds Tristram Allinson; 7. Reptiles Philip Bowles; 8. Amphibians Phillip J. Bishop † , Sally Wren, Ariadne Angulo and Richard A. Griffiths; 9. Freshwater fishes: threatened species and threatened waters on a global scale Peter B. Moyle and Robert A. Leidy; 10. The amazing yet threatened world of marine fishes Mark A. Hixon and Brian W. Bowen; 11. Insects Manu E. Saunders, Simon Leather †, Jenni Stockan and David Yeates; 12. Marine invertebrates Alex David Rogers, Patricia Miloslavich, David Obura and Octavio Aburto-Oropreza; 13. Non-insect terrestrial arthropods Gonzalo Giribet; 14. Terrestrial invertebrates other than arthropods and molluscs Gonzalo Giribet; 15. Non-marine Molluscs Robert H. Cowie, Benoît Fontaine and Philippe Bouchet; 16. An account of the diversity and conservation of fungi and their close relatives Gregory Mueller and Jessica L. Allen; 17. Simple life forms Norman Maclean; 18. Assessing species conservation status: the IUCN red list and green status Molly Grace; 19. Problems with the world`s ecosystems Matt W. Hayward; 20. Conservation methods and successes Norman Maclean; 21. What does the future hold for our planet and its wildlife? Norman Maclean; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis practical write-in workbook is the perfect companion for the coursebook. It contains step-by-step guided investigations and practice questions for Cambridge International AS & A Level Biology teachers and students. Through practical investigation, it provides opportunities to develop skills? planning, identifying equipment, creating hypotheses, recording results, analysing data, and evaluating. The workbook is ideal for teachers who find running practical experiments difficult due to lack of time, resources or support. Sample data? if students can''t do the experiments themselves ? and answers to the questions are in the teacher''s resource.Table of ContentsIntroduction; Safety; Skills chapter; 1. Microscopy; 2. Biological molecules; 3. Enzymes; 4. Cell membranes and transport; 5. Cell division and nucleic acids; 6. Plant transport; 7. Mammalian transport and gas exchange; 8. Energy and respiration; 9. Photosynthesis; 10. Homeostasis and coordination; 11. Inheritance, selection and evolution; 12. Ecology.

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Book SynopsisThis Element surveys research on three central and interrelated issues about the nature of memory and remembering. The first is about the nature of memory as a cognitive faculty, the second issue concerns what memory does, and the third issue is about the nature of what we remember.Table of Contents1. Introduction; 2. What is memory?; 3. What is remembering?; 4. What do we remember?; 5. Final thoughts; References.

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Book SynopsisBerry discusses motivations for, and alternatives to, the Potentialist approach to set theory, providing a new and more intuitive justification for the standard axioms of set theory. This book will interest students and scholars of the philosophy of set theory, modal logic, and the role of mathematics in the sciences.

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Book SynopsisNow updated for its second edition, Population Genetics is the classic, accessible introduction to the concepts of population genetics.Table of ContentsPreface and acknowledgements xiv About the companion websites xvi 1 Thinking like a population geneticist 1 1.1 Expectations 1 Parameters and parameter estimates 2 Inductive and deductive reasoning 3 1.2 Theory and assumptions 4 1.3 Simulation 5 Interact box 1.1 The textbook website 6 Chapter 1 review 7 Further reading 7 2 Genotype frequencies 8 2.1 Mendel’s model of particulate genetics 8 2.2 Hardy–Weinberg expected genotype frequencies 12 Interact box 2.1 Genotype frequencies for one locus with two alleles 14 2.3 Why does Hardy–Weinberg work? 15 2.4 Applications of Hardy–Weinberg 18 Forensic DNA profiling 18 Problem box 2.1 The expected genotype frequency for a DNA profile 20 Testing Hardy–Weinberg expected genotype frequencies 20 Box 2.1 DNA profiling 21 Assuming Hardy–Weinberg to test alternative models of inheritance 24 Problem box 2.2 Proving allele frequencies are obtained from expected genotype frequencies 25 Problem box 2.3 Inheritance for corn kernel phenotypes 26 2.5 The fixation index and heterozygosity 26 Interact box 2.2 Assortative mating and genotype frequencies 27 Box 2.2 Protein locus or allozyme genotyping 30 2.6 Mating among relatives 31 Impacts of non-random mating on genotype and allele frequencies 31 Coancestry coefficient and autozygosit, 33 Box 2.3 Locating relatives using genetic genealogy methods 37 Phenotypic consequences of mating among relatives 38 The many meanings of inbreeding 41 2.7 Hardy–Weinberg for two loci 42 Gametic disequilibrium 42 Physical linkage 47 Natural selection 47 Interact box 2.3 Gametic disequilibrium under both recombination and natural selection 48 Mutation 48 Mixing of diverged populations 49 Mating system 49 Population size 50 Interact box 2.4 Estimating genotypic disequilibrium 51 Chapter 2 review 52 Further reading 52 End-of-chapter exercises 53 Problem box answers 54 3 Genetic drift and effective population size 57 3.1 The effects of sampling lead to genetic drift 57 Interact box 3.1 Genetic drift 62 3.2 Models of genetic drift 62 The binomial probability distribution 62 Problem box 3.1 Applying the binomial formula 64 Math box 3.1 Variance of a binomial variable 66 Markov chains 66 Interact box 3.2 Genetic drift simulated with a markov chain model 69 Problem box 3.2 Constructing a transition probability matrix 69 The diffusion approximation of genetic drift 70 3.3 Effective population size 76 Problem box 3.3 Estimating N e from information about N 81 3.4 Parallelism between Drift and mating among relatives 81 Interact box 3.3 Heterozygosity over time in a finite population 84 3.5 Estimating effective population size 85 Different types of effective population size 85 Interact box 3.4 Estimating N e from allele frequencies and heterozygosity over time 89 Breeding effective population size 90 Effective population sizes of different genomes 92 3.6 Gene genealogies and the coalescent model 92 Interact box 3.5 Sampling lineages in a Wright–Fisher population 94 Math box 3.2 Approximating the probability of a coalescent event with the exponential distribution 99 Interact box 3.6 Build your own coalescent genealogies 100 3.7 Effective population size in the coalescent model 103 Interact box 3.7 Simulating gene genealogies in populations with different effective sizes 103 Coalescent genealogies and population bottlenecks 105 Coalescent genealogies in growing and shrinking populations 106 Interact box 3.8 Coalescent genealogies in populations with changing size 107 3.8 Genetic drift and the coalescent with other models of life history 108 Chapter 3 review 110 Further reading 111 End of chapter exercises 111 Problem box answers 113 4 Population structure and gene flow 115 4.1 Genetic populations 115 Box 4.1 Are allele frequencies random or clumped in two dimensions? 121 4.2 Gene flow and its impact on allele frequencies in multiple subpopulations 122 Continent-island model 123 Two-island model 125 Interact box 4.1 Continent-island model of gene flow 125 Interact box 4.2 Two-island model of gene flow 126 4.3 Direct measures of gene flow 127 Problem box 4.1 Calculate the probability of a random haplotype match and the exclusion probability 133 Interact box 4.3 Average exclusion probability for a locus 134 4.4 Fixation indices to summarize the pattern of population subdivision 135 Problem box 4.2 Compute FIS, FST, and FIT 138 Estimating fixation indices 140 4.5 Population subdivision and the Wahlund effect 142 Interact box 4.4 Simulating the Wahlund effect 144 Problem box 4.3 Impact of population structure on a DNA-profile match probability 147 4.6 Evolutionary models that predict patterns of population structure 148 Infinite island model 148 Math box 4.1 The expected value of F ST in the infinite island model 150 Problem box 4.4 Expected levels of F ST for Y-chromosome and organelle loci 153 Interact box 4.5 Simulate FIS, FST, and FIT in the finite island model 154 Stepping-stone and metapopulation models 155 Isolation by distance and by landscape connectivity 156 Math box 4.2 Analysis of a circuit to predict gene flow across a landscape 159 4.7 Population assignment and clustering 160 Maximum likelihood assignment 161 Bayesian assignment 161 Interact box 4.6 Genotype assignment and clustering 162 Math box 4.3 Bayes Theorem 166 Empirical assignment methods 167 Interact box 4.7 Visualizing principle components analysis 167 4.8 The impact of population structure on genealogical branching 169 Combining coalescent and migration events 169 Interact box 4.8 Gene genealogies with migration between two demes 171 The average length of a genealogy with migration 172 Math box 4.4 Solving two equations with two unknowns for average coalescence times 175 Chapter 4 review 176 Further reading 177 End of chapter exercises 178 Problem box answers 180 5 Mutation 183 5.1 The source of all genetic variation 183 Estimating mutation rates 187 Evolution of mutation rates 189 5.2 The fate of a new mutation 191 Chance a mutation is lost due to mendelian segregation 191 Fate of a new mutation in a finite population 193 Interact box 5.1 Frequency of neutral mutations in a finite population 194 Mutations in expanding populations 195 Geometric model of mutations fixed by natural selection 196 Muller’s ratchet and the fixation of deleterious mutations 199 Interact box 5.2 Muller’s Ratchet 201 5.3 Mutation models 201 Mutation models for discrete alleles 201 Interact box 5.3 Rst and Fst as examples of the consequences of different mutation models 204 Mutation models for DNA sequences 205 Box 5.1 Single nucleotide polymorphisms 206 5.4 The influence of mutation on allele frequency and autozygosity 207 Math box 5.1 Equilibrium allele frequency with two-way mutation 209 Interact box 5.4 Simulating irreversible and two-way mutation 211 Interact box 5.5 Heterozygosity and homozygosity with two-way mutation 212 5.5 The coalescent model with mutation 213 Interact box 5.6 Build your own coalescent genealogies with mutation 215 Chapter 5 review 217 Further reading 218 End-of-chapter exercises 219 6 Fundamentals of natural selection 220 6.1 Natural selection 220 Natural selection with clonal reproduction 220 Problem box 6.1 Relative fitness of HIV genotypes 224 Natural selection with sexual reproduction 225 Math box 6.1 The change in allele frequency each generation under natural selection 229 6.2 General results for natural selection on a diallelic locus 230 Selection against a recessive phenotype 231 Selection against a dominant phenotype 232 General dominance 233 Heterozygote disadvantage 234 Heterozygote advantage 235 Math box 6.2 Equilibrium allele frequency with overdominance 236 The strength of natural selection 237 6.3 How natural selection works to increase average fitness 238 Average fitness and rate of change in allele frequency 238 Problem box 6.2 Mean fitness and change in allele frequency 240 Interact box 6.1 Natural selection on one locus with two alleles 240 The fundamental theorem of natural selection 241 6.4 Ramifications of the one locus, two allele model of natural selection 243 The Classical and Balance Hypotheses 243 How to explain levels of allozyme polymorphism, 245 Chapter 6 review 246 Further reading 247 End-of-chapter exercises 247 Problem box answers 248 7 Further models of natural selection 250 7.1 Viability selection with three alleles or two loci 250 Natural selection on one locus with three alleles 250 Problem box 7.1 Marginal fitness and Δp for the Hb C allele 253 Interact box 7.1 Natural selection on one locus with three or more alleles 254 Natural selection on two diallelic loci 254 7.2 Alternative models of natural selection 259 Natural selection via different levels of fecundity 260 Natural selection with frequency-dependent fitness 262 Math box 7.1 The change in allele frequency with frequency-dependent selection 263 Interact box 7.2 Frequency-dependent natural selection 263 Natural selection with density-dependent fitness 264 Interact box 7.3 Density-dependent natural selection 266 7.3 Combining natural selection with other processes 266 Natural selection and genetic drift acting simultaneously 266 Genetic differentiation among populations by natural selection 267 Interact box 7.4 The balance of natural selection and genetic drift at a diallelic locus 268 The balance between natural selection and mutation 271 Genetic load 272 Interact box 7.5 Natural selection and mutation 272 Math box 7.2 Mean fitness in a population at equilibrium for balancing selection 275 7.4 Natural selection in genealogical branching models 277 Directional selection and the ancestral selection graph 278 Problem box 7.2 Resolving possible selection events on an ancestral selection graph 281 Interact box 7.6 Build an ancestral selection graph 282 Genealogies and balancing selection 283 7.5 Shifting balance theory 284 Allele combinations and the fitness surface 284 Wright’s view of allele frequency distribution 286 Evolutionary scenarios imagined by wright 287 Critique and controversy over shifting balance 290 Chapter 7 review 292 Further reading 293 End-of-chapter exercises 293 Problem box answers 294 8 Molecular evolution 296 8.1 Neutral theory 296 Polymorphism 297 Divergence 299 Nearly neutral theory 301 Interact box 8.1 Compare the neutral theory and nearly neutral theory 302 The selectionist–neutralist debates 302 8.2 Natural selection 305 Hitch-hiking and rates of divergence 310 Empirical studies 310 8.3 Measures of divergence and polymorphism 313 Box 8.1 DNA sequencing 313 DNA divergence between specie, 314 DNA sequence divergence and saturation 315 Interact box 8.2 Compare nucleotide substitution models 316 DNA polymorphism measured by segregating sites and nucleotide diversity 319 Interact box 8.3 Estimating π and S from DNA sequence data 323 8.4 DNA sequence divergence and the molecular clock 324 Dating events with the molecular clock 325 Problem box 8.1 Estimating divergence times with the molecular clock 327 Interact box 8.4 Molecular clock estimates of evolutionary events 328 8.5 Testing the molecular clock hypothesis and explanations for rate variation in molecular evolution 329 The molecular clock and rate variation 329 Ancestral polymorphism and poisson process molecular clock 331 Math box 8.1 The dispersion index with ancestral polymorphism and divergence 333 Relative rate tests of the molecular clock 334 Patterns and causes of rate heterogeneity 336 8.6 Testing the neutral theory null model of DNA sequence polymorphism 339 HKA test of neutral theory expectations for DNA sequence evolution 340 The McDonald–Kreitman (MK) test 342 Mismatch distributions 343 Tajima’s D 346 Problem box 8.2 Computing Tajima’s D from DNA sequence data 348 8.7 Recombination in the genealogical branching model 350 Interact box 8.5 Build an ancestral recombination graph 353 Consequences of recombination 353 Chapter 8 review 354 Further reading 355 End-of-chapter exercises 356 Problem box answers 357 9 Quantitative trait variation and evolution 359 9.1 Quantitative traits 359 Problem box 9.1 Phenotypic distribution produced by Mendelian inheritance of three diallelic loci 361 Components of phenotypic variation 362 Components of genotypic variation (VG) 363 Inheritance of additive (VA), dominance (VD), and epistasis (VI) genotypic variation 367 Genotype-by-environment interaction (VG×E) 369 Additional sources of phenotypic variance 372 Math box 9.1 Summing two variances 372 9.2 Evolutionary change in quantitative traits 374 Heritability and the Breeder’s equation 374 Changes in quantitative trait mean and variance due to natural selection 376 Math box 9.2 Selection differential with truncation selection 376 Estimating heritability by parent–offspring regression 379 Interact box 9.1 Estimating heritability with parent-offspring regression 381 Response to selection on correlated traits 381 Interact box 9.2 Response to natural selection on two correlated traits 384 Long-term response to selection 384 Interact box 9.3 Response to selection and the number of loci that cause quantitative trait variation 387 Neutral evolution of quantitative traits 391 Interact box 9.4 Effective population size and genotypic variation in a neutral quantitative trait 392 9.3 Quantitative trait loci (QTL) 393 QTL mapping with single marker loci,394 Problem box 9.2 Compute the effect and dominance coefficient of a QTL 399 QTL mapping with multiple marker loci 400 Problem box 9.3 Derive the expected marker-class means for a backcross mating design 402 Limitations of QTL mapping studies 403 Genome-wide association studies 404 Biological significance of identifying QTL 405 Interact box 9.5 Effect sizes and response to selection at QTLs 407 Chapter 9 review 408 Further reading 409 End-of-chapter exercises 409 Problem box answers 410 10 The Mendelian basis of quantitative trait variation 413 10.1 The connection between particulate inheritance and quantitative trait variation 413 Scale of genotypic values 413 Problem box 10.1 Compute values on the genotypic scale of measurement for IGF1 in dogs 414 10.2 Mean genotypic value in a population 415 10.3 Average effect of an allele 416 Math box 10.1 The average effect of the A 1 allele 418 Problem box 10.2 Compute average effects for IGF1 in dogs 420 10.4 Breeding value and dominance deviation 420 Interact box 10.1 Average effects, breeding values, and dominance deviations 424 Dominance deviation 425 10.5 Components of total genotypic variance 428 Interact box 10.2 Components of total genotypic variance, V G 430 Math box 10.2 Deriving the total genotypic variance, V G 430 10.6 Genotypic resemblance between relatives 431 Chapter 10 review 433 Further reading 434 End-of-chapter exercises 434 Problem box answers 434 Appendix 436 Problem A.1 Estimating the variance 438 Interact box A.1 The central limit theorem 439 A.1 Covariance and Correlation 440 Further reading 442 Problem box answers 442 Bibliography 443 Index 468

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Book SynopsisThis book is designed for first- and second-year university students (and their instructors) in earth science, environmental science, and physical geography degree programmes worldwide. The summaries at the end of each section constitute essential reading for policy makers and planners. It provides a simple but masterly account, with a minimum of equations, of how the Earth's climate system works, of the physical processes that have given rise to the long sequence of glacial and interglacial periods of the Quaternary, and that will continue to cause the climate to evolve. Its straightforward and elegant description, with an abundance of well chosen illustrations, focuses on different time scales, and includes the most recent research in climate science by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). It shows how it is human behaviour that will determine whether or not the present century is a turning point to a new climate, unprecedented on Earth in the last Table of ContentsForeword xiii Acknowledgements xv About the companion website xvii Introduction 1 PART I: THE CLIMATE ENGINE OF THE EARTH: ENERGY 5 1. Why are there many different climates on Earth? 7 2. Different climates . . . such diversity of life 11 2.1. The different climates on Earth 11 2.2. Climates, biomes and biodiversity 13 2.3. Climate and society 17 3. From a patchwork of climates to an average climate 19 3.1. Temperature and thermal equilibrium 19 3.2. The average temperature of the Earth’s surface 21 3.3. Precipitation 24 3.4. Wind 25 3.5. Three major items in energy consumption 26 4. The global mean climate 27 4.1. The Sun, source of energy 27 4.2. The energy equilibrium at the Earth’s surface 28 5. Atmosphere and ocean: key factors in climate equilibrium 33 5.1. Driving forces 34 5.2. The atmosphere 34 5.3. The oceans 42 5.4. Heat transport from the Equator to the poles 51 Part I: Summary 53 Part I: Notes 54 Part I: Further reading 54 PART II: MORE ON THE ENERGY BALANCE OF THE PLANET 55 6. Thermal radiation, solar and terrestrial radiation 57 6.1. Thermal radiation from a black body 57 6.2. The laws of black]body radiation 58 6.3. Solar and terrestrial radiation 59 7. The impact of the atmosphere on radiation 61 7.1. Scattering and reflection 61 7.2. Absorption by a gas – the cut]off approximation 62 7.3. Absorption of solar and terrestrial radiation by atmospheric gases 64 7.4. Direct transfer by the atmosphere 68 7.5. Major atmospheric constituents involved in radiative transfer 69 8. Radiative transfer through the atmosphere 73 8.1. Three radiative mechanisms that heat or cool the Earth’s surface 73 8.2. The greenhouse effect 78 8.3. Radiative transfer: the roles of the different constituents 83 8.4. The radiation balance of the Earth 86 9. The energy balance 87 9.1. The energy balance at the surface of the Earth in the single]layer model 87 9.2. The Earth’s energy balance at equilibrium 89 9.3. The impact of human activity 91 9.4. The present unbalanced global energy budget 91 10. Climate forcing and feedback 93 10.1. Climate forcing 93 10.2. Feedbacks 95 10.3. Climate sensitivity 98 11. Climate modelling 99 11.1. The Energy Balance and Radiative–Convective Models 99 11.2. Three-dimensional Atmosphere Global Circulation Models 101 11.3. Three-dimensional models: ever-increasing refinements 103 11.4. Climate models – what for? 104 Part II. Summary 105 Part II. Notes 106 Part II. Further reading 107 PART III: THE DIFFERENT CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE 109 12. The choice of approach 111 13. The Sun’s emission 115 13.1. The impact on the climate 115 13.2. How emission varies 115 13.3. What are the consequences? 117 14. The position of the Earth with respect to the Sun 119 14.1. An overview 119 14.2. Irradiance, determined by orbital parameters 120 14.3. Changes in obliquity: the impact on the seasons 120 14.4. Changes in the Earth’s orbit and eccentricity: the impact on the Earth–Sun distance 122 14.5. Precession of the axis of rotation: the impact on the Earth–Sun distance at different seasons 124 14.6. Changes in irradiance 127 15. The composition of the atmosphere 129 15.1. The effect on the climate: the mechanism 129 15.2. How the composition has changed, and why 130 15.3. What are the consequences? 133 16. Heat transfer from the Equator to the poles 135 16.1. The impact on the climate: the mechanism 135 16.2. How and why can the transfer vary? 135 16.3. What are the consequences? 136 17. Oscillations due to ocean–atmosphere interactions 137 17.1. The impact on the climate: the mechanism 137 17.2. The El Niño Southern Oscillation and trade wind fluctuations 138 17.3. The North Atlantic and Arctic Oscillations 142 Part III. Summary 145 Part III. Notes 146 Part III. Further reading 147 PART IV: LEARNING FROM THE PAST … 149 18. Memory of the distant past 151 18.1. Over billions of years … 151 18.2. The past tens of millions of years: slow cooling 152 18.3. The entry of Northern Hemisphere glaciations 156 19. Since 2.6 million years ago: the dance of glaciations 161 19.1. The archives of the dance 161 19.2. The glacial–interglacial cycles 168 19.3. Glacials and interglacials: very different climate stages 169 19.4. Glacials and interglacials: similar but never identical 173 19.5. Abrupt climate changes in the last climate cycle 174 20. Glacial–interglacial cycles and the Milankovitch theory 181 20.1. The leading role of the Northern Hemisphere 182 20.2. Seasonal irradiance, the key parameter in Quaternary glaciations 182 20.3. Two types of configuration 183 20.4. The climate in the past 250,000 years 184 20.5. Glacials and interglacials: similar situations, never identical 188 20.6. The energy budget: radiative forcing and feedback 189 21. The glaciation dance: consequences and lessons 191 21.1. The impact on life of glacial–interglacial cycles 191 21.2. Lessons to be drawn 196 21.3. When will the next glaciation come? 198 22. The past 12,000 years: the warm Holocene 201 22.1. The Holocene 201 22.2. Deciphering climate changes during the Holocene 202 22.3. Slow changes in irradiance (Timescale 1: millennia) 203 22.4. Slow cooling at middle and high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere 203 22.5. Strong monsoon in the Early Holocene: the ‘Green Sahara’ episode 206 22.6. Solar fluctuations (Timescale 2: centuries) 214 22.7. The Holocene and the birth of agriculture and animal husbandry 222 23. Global and regional fluctuations (Timescale 3: decades) 225 23.1. From global … 226 23.2. … to regional: the North Atlantic Oscillation 229 23.3. The Sun, the other source of change 230 24. Future warming and past climates 231 24.1. The global ‘hot flush’ of 55 million years ago 231 24.2. Three million years ago 233 24.3. Warmer periods in the past 2 million years? 233 Part IV. Summary 235 Part IV. Notes 236 Part IV. Further reading 239 PART V: CLIMATE CHANGE IN RECENT YEARS 241 25. Recent climate change 243 25.1. Changes in temperature 243 25.2. Changes in precipitation, water vapour and extreme events 249 25.3. An overview of the past few decades 255 25.4. The impact of global warming: the key issue 255 26. The impact of global warming on the cryosphere 257 26.1. Sea ice, the ‘canary’ of our planet 257 26.2. Changes in glaciers 261 26.3. Ice]sheet changes 264 26.4. Changes in frozen soils 267 26.5. Freeze]up and snow cover 271 27. The impact of warming on the ocean 273 27.1. Change in sea level 274 27.2. Regional changes in ocean salinity 278 27.3. Is deep ocean circulation slowing? 279 27.4. Changes in dissolved carbon dioxide and ocean acidification 280 27.5. In summary: consistency over the globe 283 28. The impact of warming on the biosphere 285 28.1. Ongoing changes 285 28.2. Oceans 286 28.3. Land 289 28.4. Portents of dysfunction 295 29. Warming in the 20th century: natural or human]induced? 297 29.1. The carbon cycle prior to the industrial era 298 29.2. The impact of human activity on the carbon cycle 305 29.3. Changes related to human activity 310 29.4. Natural causes: solar and volcanic activity 313 29.5. An overview of all the causes: the major role of human activity 314 Part V. Summary 320 Part V. Notes 321 Part V. Further reading 322 PART VI: CLIMATE IN THE 21ST CENTURY: DIFFERENT SCENARIOS 323 30. Two key factors 325 30.1. Greenhouse gas emissions 325 30.2. Population growth 328 31. Projections: economic scenarios and climate models 329 31.1. Successive steps in a projection 329 31.2. Climate models 331 32. Simulations: a survey 333 32.1. Long]term scenarios 333 32.2. IPCC 2007 scenarios for the 21st century 336 32.3. IPCC 2013 scenarios for the 21st century 339 33. Future warming and its consequences 343 33.1. Global warming 343 33.2. The water cycle and precipitation 344 33.3. Extreme events 347 33.4. Snow and ice 347 33.5. The sea level 348 33.6. Ocean acidification 349 33.7. Climate predictions: what degree of confidence? 350 33.8. In summary, the future is already with us 354 34. The choice 355 34.1. Can future warming be counteracted naturally? 355 34.2. Which choice of scenario? 356 34.3. Global warming: no more than 2°C 360 34.4. The ‘Triple Zero’ challenge 360 35. Climate change in the present state of the planet 363 35.1. Environmental degradation 363 35.2. Depletion of energy resources 364 35.3. Inexorable world population growth? 364 35.4. A new type of development? 364 Part VI. Summary 366 Part VI. Notes 367 Part VI. Further reading 368 Conclusion 369 References 373 Index 383

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Book SynopsisMost conventional gardening books concentrate on how and when to carry out horticultural tasks such as pruning, seed sowing and taking cuttings. Science and the Garden, Third Edition is unique in explaining in straightforward terms some of the science that underlies these practices. It is principally a book of ''Why'' ? Why are plants green? Why do some plants only flower in the autumn? Why do lateral buds begin to grow when the terminal bud is removed by pruning? Why are some plants successful as weeds? Why does climate variability and change mean change for gardeners? But it also goes on to deal with the ''How'', providing rationale behind the practical advice. The coverage is wide-ranging and comprehensive and includes: the diversity, structure, functioning and reproduction of garden plants; nomenclature and classification; genetics and plant breeding; soil properties and soil management; environmental factors affecting growth and development; methods of propagatioTable of ContentsPreface to third edition xiii Preface to second edition xiv Preface to first edition xv 1 Diversity in the plant world 1 2 The plant body: structure and function 14 3 Reproduction: Securing the future 37 4 Naming plants 45 5 Selecting and breeding plants 55 6 Summary 75 7 Soil cultivation and fertility 86 8 The plant environment: Light and water 102 9 Plants and seasons 120 10 Growing plants from seed 139 11 Vegetative propagation 149 12 Size and form 166 13 Colour, scent and sound in the garden 175 14 Climate and weather 191 15 Climate and other environmental changes 206 16 Protected cultivation 214 17 The diversity of the undesirables 234 18 Controlling the undesirables 248 19 Maturation, ripening and storage 262 20 Garden ecology 278 21 Garden wildlife and conservation 292 22 Low-input and low-impact gardening 299 23 Health, well-being and socio-cultural benefits 307 24 Gardens for science 320 Conclusion 328 Further reading 328 Authors and affiliations 328 Glossary 329 Index 355

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Book SynopsisThe 2nd edition provides an update of information since the publication of the first edition including best practices for managing process safety developed by industry as well as incorporate the additional process safety elements. In addition the book includes a focus on maintaining and improving a Process Safety Management (PSM) System. This 2nd edition also provides how to information to determine process safety performance status, implement one or more new elements into an existing PSM system, maintain or improve an existing PSM system, and manage future process safety performance.Table of ContentsFiles on the Web Accompanying this Book xi List of Figures xiii List of Tables xv Acronyms and Abbreviations xvii Glossary xxi Acknowledgments xlix Preface li 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Overview 1 1.2 Background/History of PSM 5 1.3 Process Safety Resources 7 1.4 PSM Implementation Lessons 11 1.5 The Business Case for Process Safety 12 1.6 Importance of Integrating PSM with Business Systems 14 1.7 Intended Audience and How to Use These Guidelines 16 1.8 References 18 2 EVALUATING PSM SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION AND PERFORMANCE 19 2.1 The Modified Safety Triangle 19 2.2 Common Indicators at Each Level of the Triangle 21 2.3 Process Stages in the Company/Facility Life Cycle 22 2.4 Documenting Conclusions 31 2.5 References 35 3 PREPARING FOR PROCESS SAFETY MANAGEMENT CHANGE 37 3.1 Securing Management Commitment 37 3.2 Establishing a Culture for Change 44 3.3 References 48 4 IMPLEMENTING A NEW PSM SYSTEM 49 4.1 Develop the Design Specification for the PSM System 49 4.2. Create Element and System Workflows 67 4.3 Estimate the Workloads and Resources 76 4.4 Develop Written Programs/Procedures 87 4.5 Roll Out the Elements and System 98 4.6 Monitor the PSM System's Implementation, Initial Performance, and Progress 113 4.7 References 115 5 INTEGRATING NEW ELEMENTS INTO AN EXISTING PSM SYSTEM 117 5.1 Developing a New Element 117 5.2 Integrating New Element Activities into Existing Elements 118 5.3 Implementing New RBPS Elements 118 5.4 Monitoring New Elements or Activities 133 5.5 References 134 6 IMPROVING AN EXISTING PSM ELEMENT OR SYSTEM 137 6.1 Determining Which Elements to Improve 137 6.2 Assessing the Program and Determining the Root Causes of Poor Performance 142 6.3 Improving the PSM Program 159 6.4 Developing the Solution for an Element or System 162 6.5 Monitoring Improvement of an Element or System 163 6.6 References 166 7 INTEGRATING PSM/HSE WITH A BUSINESS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 167 7.1 Values and Policy Interfaces/Conflicts with Business Enterprise 168 7.2 Types of BMS Activities 168 7.3 Company and Regional Politics 179 7.4 Workflows/Processes of Existing BMS 179 7.5 Planned Changes to Existing BMS 179 7.6 Interfaces with Existing BMS 179 7.7 Resolving BMS Conflicts 179 7.8 References 180 8 MANAGING FUTURE PROCESS SAFETY PERFORMANCE 181 8.1 Ensure a Robust PSM System 181 8.2 Avoid Past PSM System Failure Modes 183 8.3 Watch for Early Warning Signs 186 8.4 Consider Other Enhancements 188 8.5 References 189 APPENDIX I: GLOBAL PSM REGULATIONS/GOOD INDUSTRY PRACTICES 191 APPENDIX II: ELI LILLY AND COMPANY PSM IMPLEMENTATION CASE STUDY 223 APPENDIX III: RISK BASED PROCESS SAFETY (RBPS)IMPLEMENTATION TOOLS 241 APPENDIX IV: THE BUSINESS CASE FOR PROCESS SAFETY 251 APPENDIX V: EXAMPLE FACILITY RANKING PROCESS 267 APPENDIX VI: EXAMPLE PRESENTATION ON PSM PLAN 271 APPENDIX VII: MAPPING PERFORMANCE ISSUES TO CULTURE FEATURES 275 INDEX 283

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Book SynopsisComprehensively explains animal learning theories and current best practices in animal training within zoos This accessible, up-to-date book on animal training in a zoo/aquaria context provides a unified approach to zoo animal learning, bringing together the art and science of animal training. Written by experts in academia and working zoos, it incorporates the latest information from the scientific community along with current best practice, demystifying the complexities of training zoo animals. In doing so, it teaches readers how to effectively train animals and to fully understand the consequences of their actions. Zoo Animal Learning and Training starts with an overview of animal learning theory. It describes the main categories of animal learning styles; considers the diverse natural history of zoo animals; reviews the research undertaken which demonstrates ultimate benefits of learning; and highlights the advantages and disadvantages of the different approaches. It also shows how the direct application of learning theory can be integrated into zoo animal management; discusses how other factors might affect development; and investigates situations and activities from which animals learn. It also explores the theoretical basis that determines whether enrichments are successful. Provides an easily accessibly, jargon-free introduction to the subjectExplores different training styles, providing theoretical background to animal learning theory as well as considerations for practical training programme including how to set them up, manage people and animals within them and their consequencesIncludes effective skills and rules of thumb' from professional animal trainersOffers commentary on the ethical and welfare implications of training in zoosFeatures contributions from global experts in academia and the zoo professionUniquely features both academic and professional perspectives Zoo Animal Learning and Training is an important book for students, academics and professionals. Suited to senior undergraduate students in zoo biology, veterinary science, and psychology, and for post-graduate students in animal management, behaviour and conservation, as well as zoo biology. It is also beneficial to those working professionally in zoos and aquaria at different levels.Table of ContentsNotes on Contributors xi Foreword xxi Preface xxv Acknowledgements xxvii Part A Demystifying Zoo Animal Training 1 1 Learning Theory 3 Nicole R. Dorey 2 The Cognitive Abilities of Wild Animals 15 Lindsay R. Mehrkam 3 The Ultimate Benefits of Learning 35 Kathy Baker and Vicky A. Melfi 4 Choosing the Right Method: Reinforcement vs Punishment 53 Ken Ramirez Modality BoxesConsideration of what modalities animals use to communicate with one another; as training programmes are based on good communication between the zoo professional and animal they are working with. Box A1 Animal Vision 69 Andrew Smith Box A2 Do You Hear What I Hear? Hearing and Sound in Animals 73 Erik Miller‐Klein Box A3 Making Sense of Scents: Olfactory Perception in Animals 77 Neil Jordan Part B Types of Learning That Can Be Achieved in a Zoo Environment 81 5 What is There to Learn in a Zoo Setting? 83 Fay Clark 6 Environmental Enrichment: The Creation of Opportunities for Informal Learning 101 Robert John Young, Cristiano Schetini de Azevedo, and Cynthia Fernandes Cipreste 7 The Art of ‘Active’ Training 119 Steve Martin 8 Integrating Training into Animal Husbandry 143 Marty Sevenich‐MacPhee 9 Us and Them: Human–Animal Interactions as Learning Events 167 Geoff Hosey and Vicky A. Melfi Taxa Specific BoxesConsideration of species specific differences in cognitive ability are explored in academic boxes and the considerations necessary to practically implement training with different species are explored in professional boxes below. Box B1 Elephant Training in Zoos 183 Greg A. Vicino Box B2 Human–Elephant Interactions in Semi‐captive Asian Elephants of Myanmar 187 Khyne U. Mar Box B3 Elephant Cognition: An Overview 191 Sarah L. Jacobson and Joshua M. Plotnik Box B4 Marine Mammal Training 197 Sabrina Brando Box B5 Cognitive Abilities of Marine Mammals 203 Gordon B. Bauer Box B6 The Application of Positive Reinforcement Training to Enhance Welfare of Primates in Zoological Collections 211 Jim Mackie Box B7 Species‐specific Considerations: Primate Learning 217 Betsy Herrelko Box B8 Training Reptiles in Zoos: A Professional Perspective 221 Richard Gibson Box B9 The Learning Repertoire of Reptiles 227 Gordon M. Burghardt Box B10 Training Birds from a Zoo Professional’s Perspective 231 Heidi Hellmuth Box B11 Learning and Cognition in Birds 235 Jackie Chappell Box B12 Species‐specific Considerations when Planning and Implementing Training with Aquatics 239 Heather Williams Box B13 The Cognitive Abilities of Fish 243 Culum Brown Part C More Than A to B: How Zoo Animal Training Programmes Can Impact Zoo Operations and Mission 247 10 Making Training Educational for Zoo Visitors 249 Katherine Whitehouse‐Tedd, Sarah Spooner, and Gerard Whitehouse‐Tedd 11 Welfare Implications of Zoo Animal Training 271 Vicky A. Melfi and Samantha J. Ward 12 Training Animals in Captivity or the Wild, so They Can Return to the Wild 289 Jonathan Webb 13 Last but in Fact Most Importantly … Health and Safety 309 Tim Sullivan Bigger Training Consideration BoxesFor some of the topics we felt it might be helpful to provide a box outside to the general text to consider some bigger concepts in animal training. These include ‘training multiple animals’ by Kirstin Anderson-Hansen and a concluding positive note on including training within zoo animal management programmes by Gary Priest. Box C1 Training Animals in a Group Setting 327 Kirstin Anderson‐Hansen Box C2 This Generation’s Challenge 333 Gary Priest Glossary 335 Index 339

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Book SynopsisA Comprehensive Reference for Electrochemical Engineering Theory and Application From chemical and electronics manufacturing, to hybrid vehicles, energy storage, and beyond, electrochemical engineering touches many industriesany many livesevery day. As energy conservation becomes of central importance, so too does the science that helps us reduce consumption, reduce waste, and lessen our impact on the planet. Electrochemical Engineering provides a reference for scientists and engineers working with electrochemical processes, and a rigorous, thorough text for graduate students and upper-division undergraduates. Merging theoretical concepts with widespread application, this book is designed to provide critical knowledge in a real-world context. Beginning with the fundamental principles underpinning the field, the discussion moves into industrial and manufacturing processes that blend central ideas to provide an advanced understanding while explaining observable results. Fully-worked iTable of ContentsPreface ix List of Symbols xi About the Companion Website xv 1. Introduction and Basic Principles 1Charles W. Tobias 1.1 Electrochemical Cells 1 1.2 Characteristics of Electrochemical Reactions 2 1.3 Importance of Electrochemical Systems 4 1.4 Scientific Units, Constants, Conventions 5 1.5 Faraday’s Law 6 1.6 Faradaic Efficiency 8 1.7 Current Density 9 1.8 Potential and Ohm’s Law 9 1.9 Electrochemical Systems: Example 10 Closure 13 Further Reading 13 Problems 13 2. Cell Potential and Thermodynamics 15Wendell Mitchell Latimer 2.1 Electrochemical Reactions 15 2.2 Cell Potential 15 2.3 Expression for Cell Potential 17 2.4 Standard Potentials 18 2.5 Effect of Temperature on Standard Potential 21 2.6 Simplified Activity Correction 22 2.7 Use of the Cell Potential 24 2.8 Equilibrium Constants 25 2.9 Pourbaix Diagrams 25 2.10 Cells with a Liquid Junction 27 2.11 Reference Electrodes 27 2.12 Equilibrium at Electrode Interface 30 2.13 Potential in Solution Due to Charge: Debye–Hückel Theory 31 2.14 Activities and Activity Coefficients 33 2.15 Estimation of Activity Coefficients 35 Closure 36 Further Reading 36 Problems 36 3. Electrochemical Kinetics 41Alexander Naumovich Frumkin 3.1 Double Layer 41 3.2 Impact of Potential on Reaction Rate 42 3.3 Use of the Butler–Volmer Kinetic Expression 46 3.4 Reaction Fundamentals 49 3.5 Simplified Forms of the Butler–Volmer Equation 50 3.6 Direct Fitting of the Butler–Volmer Equation 52 3.7 The Influence of Mass Transfer on the Reaction Rate 54 3.8 Use of Kinetic Expressions in Full Cells 55 3.9 Current Efficiency 58 Closure 58 Further Reading 59 Problems 59 4. Transport 63Carl Wagner 4.1 Fick’s Law 63 4.2 Nernst–Planck Equation 63 4.3 Conservation of Material 65 4.4 Transference Numbers, Mobilities, and Migration 71 4.5 Convective Mass Transfer 75 4.6 Concentration Overpotential 79 4.7 Current Distribution 81 4.8 Membrane Transport 86 Closure 87 Further Reading 88 Problems 88 5. Electrode Structures and Configurations 93John Newman 5.1 Mathematical Description of Porous Electrodes 94 5.2 Characterization of Porous Electrodes 96 5.3 Impact of Porous Electrode on Transport 97 5.4 Current Distributions in Porous Electrodes 98 5.5 The Gas–Liquid Interface in Porous Electrodes 102 5.6 Three-Phase Electrodes 103 5.7 Electrodes with Flow 105Closure 108 Further Reading 108 Problems 108 6. Electroanalytical Techniques and Analysis of Electrochemical Systems 113Jaroslav Heyrovský 6.1 Electrochemical Cells, Instrumentation, and Some Practical Issues 113 6.2 Overview 115 6.3 Step Change in Potential or Current for a Semi-Infinite Planar Electrode in a Stagnant Electrolyte 116 6.4 Electrode Kinetics and Double-Layer Charging 118 6.5 Cyclic Voltammetry 122 6.6 Stripping Analyses 127 6.7 Electrochemical Impedance 129 6.8 Rotating Disk Electrodes 136 6.9 iR Compensation 139 6.10 Microelectrodes 141 Closure 145 Further Reading 145 Problems 145 7. Battery Fundamentals 151John B. Goodenough 7.1 Components of a Cell 151 7.2 Classification of Batteries and Cell Chemistries 152 7.3 Theoretical Capacity and State of Charge 156 7.4 Cell Characteristics and Electrochemical Performance 158 7.5 Ragone Plots 163 7.6 Heat Generation 164 7.7 Efficiency of Secondary Cells 166 7.8 Charge Retention and Self-Discharge 167 7.9 Capacity Fade in Secondary Cells 168 Closure 169 Further Reading 169 Problems 169 8. Battery Applications: Cell and Battery Pack Design 175Esther Sans Takeuchi 8.1 Introduction to Battery Design 175 8.2 Battery Layout Using a Specific Cell Design 176 8.3 Scaling of Cells to Adjust Capacity 178 8.4 Electrode and Cell Design to Achieve Rate Capability 181 8.5 Cell Construction 183 8.6 Charging of Batteries 184 8.7 Use of Resistance to Characterize Battery Peformance 185 8.8 Battery Management 186 8.9 Thermal Management Systems 188 8.10 Mechanical Considerations 190 Closure 191 Further Reading 191 Problems 191 9. Fuel-Cell Fundamentals 195Supramaniam Srinivasan 9.1 Introduction 195 9.2 Types of Fuel Cells 197 9.3 Current–Voltage Characteristics and Polarizations 198 9.4 Effect of Operating Conditions and Maximum Power 202 9.5 Electrode Structure 205 9.6 Proton-Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells 206 9.7 Solid Oxide Fuel Cells 211Closure 215 Further Reading 215 Problems 216 10. Fuel-Cell Stack and System Design 223Francis Thomas Bacon 10.1 Introduction and Overview of Systems Analysis 223 10.2 Basic Stack Design Concepts 226 10.3 Cell Stack Configurations 228 10.4 Basic Construction and Components 229 10.5 Utilization of Oxidant and Fuel 231 10.6 Flow-Field Design 235 10.7 Water and Thermal Management 238 10.8 Structural–Mechanical Considerations 241 10.9 Case Study 245 Closure 247 Further Reading 247 Problems 247 11. Electrochemical Double-Layer Capacitors 251Brian Evans Conway 11.1 Capacitor Introduction 251 11.2 Electrical Double-Layer Capacitance 253 11.3 Current–Voltage Relationship for Capacitors 259 11.4 Porous EDLC Electrodes 261 11.5 Impedance Analysis of EDLCs 263 11.6 Full Cell EDLC Analysis 266 11.7 Power and Energy Capabilities 267 11.8 Cell Design, Practical Operation, and Electrochemical Capacitor Performance 269 11.9 Pseudo-Capacitance 271 Closure 273 Further Reading 273 Problems 273 12. Energy Storage and Conversion for Hybrid and Electrical Vehicles 277Ferdinand Porsche 12.1 Why Electric and Hybrid-Electric Systems? 277 12.2 Driving Schedules and Power Demand in Vehicles 279 12.3 Regenerative Braking 281 12.4 Battery Electrical Vehicle 282 12.5 Hybrid Vehicle Architectures 284 12.6 Start–Stop Hybrid 285 12.7 Batteries for Full-Hybrid Electric Vehicles 287 12.8 Fuel-Cell Hybrid Systems for Vehicles 291 Closure 293 Further Reading 294 Problems 294 Appendix: Primer on Vehicle Dynamics 295 13. Electrodeposition 299Richard C. Alkire 13.1 Overview 299 13.2 Faraday’s Law and Deposit Thickness 300 13.3 Electrodeposition Fundamentals 300 13.4 Formation of Stable Nuclei 303 13.5 Nucleation Rates 305 13.6 Growth of Nuclei 308 13.7 Deposit Morphology 310 13.8 Additives 311 13.9 Impact of Current Distribution 312 13.10 Impact of Side Reactions 314 13.11 Resistive Substrates 316Closure 319 Further Reading 319 Problems 319 14. Industrial Electrolysis, Electrochemical Reactors, and Redox-Flow Batteries 323Fumio Hine 14.1 Overview of Industrial Electrolysis 323 14.2 Performance Measures 324 14.3 Voltage Losses and the Polarization Curve 328 14.4 Design of Electrochemical Reactors for Industrial Applications 331 14.5 Examples of Industrial Electrolytic Processes 337 14.6 Thermal Management and Cell Operation 341 14.7 Electrolytic Processes for a Sustainable Future 343 14.8 Redox-Flow Batteries 348 Closure 350 Further Reading 350 Problems 350 15. Semiconductor Electrodes and Photoelectrochemical Cells 355Heinz Gerischer 15.1 Semiconductor Basics 355 15.2 Energy Scales 358 15.3 Semiconductor–Electrolyte Interface 360 15.4 Current Flow in the Dark 363 15.5 Light Absorption 366 15.6 Photoelectrochemical Effects 368 15.7 Open-Circuit Voltage for Illuminated Electrodes 369 15.8 Photo-Electrochemical Cells 370 Closure 375 Further Reading 375 Problems 375 16. Corrosion 379Ulick Richardson Evans 16.1 Corrosion Fundamentals 379 16.2 Thermodynamics of Corrosion Systems 380 16.3 Corrosion Rate for Uniform Corrosion 383 16.4 Localized Corrosion 390 16.5 Corrosion Protection 394 Closure 399 Further Reading 399 Problems 399 Appendix A: Electrochemical Reactions and Standard Potentials 403 Appendix B: Fundamental Constants 404 Appendix C: Thermodynamic Data 405 Appendix D: Mechanics of Materials 408 Index 413

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Book SynopsisThis expanded new edition is specifically designed to meet the needs of the process industry, and closes the gap between theory and practice. Back-to-basics approach, with a focus on techniques that have an immediate practical application, and heavy maths relegated to the end of the book Written by an experienced practitioner, highly regarded by major corporations, with 25 years of teaching industry courses Supportstheincreasing expectations for Universities to teach more practical process control (supported by IChemE) Table of ContentsPreface x About the Author xv 1. Introduction 1 2. Process Dynamics 3 2.1 Definition 3 2.2 Cascade Control 10 2.3 Model Identification 12 2.4 Integrating Processes 26 2.5 Other Types of Process 29 2.6 Robustness 31 3. PID Algorithm 35 3.1 Definitions 35 3.2 Proportional Action 36 3.3 Integral Action 41 3.4 Derivative Action 43 3.5 Versions of Control Algorithm 49 3.6 Interactive PID Controller 51 3.7 Proportional‐on‐PV Controller 56 3.8 Nonstandard Algorithms 64 3.9 Tuning 65 3.10 Ziegler‐Nichols Tuning Method 66 3.11 Cohen‐Coon Tuning Method 72 3.12 Tuning Based on Penalty Functions 73 3.13 Manipulated Variable Overshoot 77 3.14 Lambda Tuning Method 80 3.15 IMC Tuning Method 80 3.16 Choice of Tuning Method 83 3.17 Suggested Tuning Method for Self‐Regulating Processes 84 3.18 Tuning for Load Changes 87 3.19 Tuning for SP Ramps 89 3.20 Tuning for Unconstrained MV Overshoot 91 3.21 PI Tuning Compared to PID Tuning 92 3.22 Tuning for Large Scan Interval 94 3.23 Suggested Tuning Method for Integrating Processes 97 3.24 Measure of Robustness 99 3.25 Implementation of Tuning 100 3.26 Tuning Cascades 101 3.27 Loop Gain 104 3.28 Adaptive Tuning 105 3.29 Initialisation 106 3.30 Anti‐Reset Windup 108 3.31 On‐Off Control 109 4. Level Control 112 4.1 Use of Cascade Control 112 4.2 Parameters Required for Tuning Calculations 113 4.3 Tight Level Control 120 4.4 Averaging Level Control 122 4.5 Error‐Squared Controller 129 4.6 Gap Controller 132 4.7 Impact of Noise on Averaging Control 134 4.8 Potential Disadvantage of Averaging Level Control 136 4.9 General Approach to Tuning 137 4.10 Three‐Element Level Control 139 5. Signal Conditioning 143 5.1 Instrument Linearisation 143 5.2 Process Linearisation 145 5.3 Control of pH 147 5.4 Constraint Conditioning 151 5.5 Pressure Compensation of Distillation Tray Temperature 153 5.6 Compensation of Gas Flow Measurement 153 5.7 Filtering 155 5.8 Exponential Filter 157 5.9 Nonlinear Exponential Filter 161 5.10 Moving Average Filter 161 5.11 Least Squares Filter 163 5.12 Tuning the Filter 169 5.13 Control Valve Characterisation 170 5.14 Equal Percentage Valve 172 5.15 Split‐Range Valves 178 6. Feedforward Control 184 6.1 Ratio Algorithm 185 6.2 Bias Algorithm 188 6.3 Deadtime and Lead‐Lag Algorithms 190 6.4 Tuning 194 6.5 Laplace Derivation of Dynamic Compensation 199 7. Deadtime Compensation 201 7.1 Smith Predictor 201 7.2 Internal Model Control 206 7.3 Dahlin Algorithm 206 8. Multivariable Control 210 8.1 Constraint Control 210 8.2 SISO Constraint Control 211 8.3 Signal Selectors 213 8.4 Relative Gain Analysis 217 8.5 Niederlinski Index 226 8.6 Condition Number 227 8.7 Steady State Decoupling 229 8.8 Dynamic Decoupling 231 8.9 MPC Principles 237 8.10 Parallel Coordinates 239 8.11 Enhanced Operator Displays 240 8.12 MPC Performance Monitoring 242 9. Inferentials and Analysers 248 9.1 Inferential Properties 248 9.2 Assessing Accuracy 256 9.3 Laboratory Update of Inferential 262 9.4 Analyser Update of Inferential 266 9.5 Monitoring On‐Stream Analysers 268 10. Combustion Control 270 10.1 Fuel Gas Flow Correction 270 10.2 Measuring NHV 278 10.3 Dual Firing 280 10.4 Heater Inlet Temperature Feedforward 281 10.5 Fuel Pressure Control 284 10.6 Firebox Pressure 287 10.7 Combustion Air Control 288 10.8 Boiler Control 299 10.9 Fired Heater Pass Balancing 300 11. Compressor Control 306 11.1 Polytropic Head 306 11.2 Load Control (Turbo‐Machines) 310 11.3 Load Control (Reciprocating Machines) 314 11.4 Anti‐Surge Control 315 12. Distillation Control 322 12.1 Key Components 325 12.2 Relative Volatility 325 12.3 McCabe‐Thiele Diagram 328 12.4 Cut and Separation 333 12.5 Effect of Process Design 345 12.6 Basic Controls 350 12.7 Pressure Control 350 12.8 Level Control 364 12.9 Tray Temperature Control 382 12.10 Pressure Compensated Temperature 393 12.11 Inferentials 402 12.12 First‐Principle Inferentials 411 12.13 Feedforward on Feed Rate 413 12.14 Feed Composition Feedforward 416 12.15 Feed Enthalpy Feedforward 418 12.16 Decoupling 419 12.17 Multivariable Control 424 12.18 On‐Stream Analysers 433 12.19 Towers with Sidestreams 433 12.20 Column Optimisation 435 12.21 Optimisation of Column Pressure 438 12.22 Energy/Yield Optimisation 441 13. APC Project Execution 444 13.1 Benefits Study 444 13.2 Benefit Estimation for Improved Regulatory Control 445 13.3 Benefits of Closed‐Loop Real‐Time Optimisation 455 13.4 Basic Controls 458 13.5 Basic Control Monitoring 459 13.6 Inferential Properties 464 13.7 Organisation 464 13.8 Vendor Selection 468 13.9 Safety in APC Design 471 13.10 Alarms 471 14. Statistical Methods 473 14.1 Central Limit Theorem 473 14.2 Generating a Normal Distribution 475 14.3 Quantile Plots 477 14.4 Calculating Standard Deviation 478 14.5 Skewness and Kurtosis 480 14.6 Correlation 480 14.7 Confidence Interval 481 14.8 Westinghouse Electric Company Rules 484 14.9 Gamma Function 485 14.10 Student t Distribution 486 14.11 χ2 Distribution 489 14.12 F Distribution 492 14.13 Akaike Information Criterion 497 14.14 Adjusted R2 499 14.15 Levene’s Test 500 14.16 Box‐Wetz Ratio 501 14.17 Regression Analysis 502 14.18 Outliers 513 14.19 Model Identification 514 14.20 Autocorrelation and Autocovariance 518 14.21 Artificial Neural Networks 527 14.22 Repeatability 533 14.23 Reproducibility 533 14.24 Six‐Sigma 535 14.25 Data Reconciliation 535 15. Mathematical Techniques 540 15.1 Fourier Transform 540 15.2 Recursive Filters 548 15.3 Lagrangian Interpolation 553 15.4 Padé Approximation 557 15.5 Laplace Transform Derivations 560 15.6 Laplace Transforms for Processes 563 15.7 Laplace Transforms for Controllers 569 15.8 I‐PD versus PI‐D Algorithm 572 15.9 Direct Synthesis 573 15.10 Predicting Filter Attenuation 578 15.11 Stability Limit for PID Control 579 15.12 Ziegler‐Nichols Tuning from Process Dynamics 583 15.13 Partial Fractions 586 15.14 z‐Transforms and Finite Difference Equations 588 References 594 Index 596

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPreface ix Introduction: Ecology and its Domain xii 1 Organisms in their Environments: the Evolutionary Backdrop 1 2 Conditions 32 3 Resources 65 4 Matters of Life and Death 102 5 Intraspecific Competition 132 6 Movement and Metapopulations 169 7 Life History Ecology and Evolution 206 8 Interspecific Competition 240 9 The Nature of Predation 284 10 The Population Dynamics of Predation 320 11 Decomposers and Detritivores 357 12 Parasitism and Disease 378 13 Facilitation: Mutualism and Commensalism 416 14 Abundance 453 15 Pest Control Harvesting and Conservation 477 16 Community Modules and the Structure of Ecological Communities 522 17 Food Webs 544 18 Patterns in Community Composition in Space and Time 572 19 Patterns in Biodiversity and their Conservation 603 20 The Flux of Energy through Ecosystems 647 21 The Flux of Matter through Ecosystems 678 22 Ecology in a Changing World 708 References 743 Organism Index 798 Subject Index 812

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Book SynopsisOrganic Chemistry I For Dummies, 2nd Edition (9781119293378) was previously published as Organic Chemistry I For Dummies, 2nd Edition (9781118828076). While this version features a new Dummies cover and design, the content is the same as the prior release and should not be considered a new or updated product.Table of ContentsIntroduction 1 Part 1: Getting Started with Organic Chemistry 5 Chapter 1: The Wonderful World of Organic Chemistry 7 Chapter 2: Dissecting Atoms: Atomic Structure and Bonding 15 Chapter 3: Speaking with Pictures: Drawing Structures 35 Chapter 4: Covering the Bases (And the Acids) 57 Chapter 5: Reactivity Centers: Functional Groups 67 Chapter 6: Seeing in 3-D: Stereochemistry 81 Part 2: Hydrocarbons 97 Chapter 7: What’s in a Name? Alkane Nomenclature 99 Chapter 8: Drawing Alkanes 107 Chapter 9: Seeing Double: The Alkenes 123 Chapter 10: Reactions of Alkenes 137 Chapter 11: It Takes Alkynes: The Carbon-Carbon Triple Bond 149 Part 3: Functional Groups 157 Chapter 12: Replacing and Removing: Substitution and Elimination Reactions 159 Chapter 13: Getting Drunk on Organic Molecules: The Alcohols 175 Chapter 14: Side-by-Side: Conjugated Alkenes and the Diels–Alder Reaction 183 Chapter 15: Lord of the Rings: Aromatic Compounds 193 Chapter 16: Bringing Out the Howitzers: Reactions of Aromatic Compounds 209 Part 4: Spectroscopy and Structure Determination 223 Chapter 17: A Smashing Time: Mass Spectrometry 225 Chapter 18: Seeing Good Vibrations: IR Spectroscopy 241 Chapter 19: NMR Spectroscopy: Hold onto Your Hats, You’re Going Nuclear! 253 Chapter 20: Following the Clues: Solving Problems in NMR 273 Part 5: The Part of Tens 293 Chapter 21: Ten (Or So) Great Organic Chemists 295 Chapter 22: Ten Cool Organic Discoveries 301 Chapter 23: Ten Cool Organic Molecules 307 Part 6: Appendixes 313 Appendix A: Working Multistep Synthesis Problems 315 Appendix B: Working Reaction Mechanisms 323 Appendix C: Glossary 329 Index 339

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPart I 1) Lattice Geometry 2) Point Groups and Space Groups 3) Crystal Structures 4) Amorphous Materials and Special Types of Crystal–Solid Aggregates 5) Tensors 6) Strain, Stress, Piezoelectricity and Elasticity Part II 7) Glide 8) Dislocations 9) Dislocations in Crystals 10) Point Defects 11) Twinning 12) Martensitic Transformations 13) Grain Boundaries 14) Interphase Boundaries 15) Texture Appendices 1 to 8 Index

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Book SynopsisBiology and Ecology of Fishes Immerse yourself in the world of fish ecology with the newest edition of this essential introduction The study of fish ecology has traditionally proceeded along two tracks: the first is more basic, concerned with the anatomy, physiology and theoretical ecology of fish, and the second is more practical, concerning itself with fish populations, management, and habitats. Many fish researchers have come to view this distinction as artificial, and to develop a new study of fish that combines both tracks in a single holistic approach. It has never been more critical for introductory textbooks to represent this combined study in order to prepare the next generation of fish biologists and fishery scientists. Biology and Ecology of Fishes meets this need with a textbook that incorporates both biology and population management. Beginning with a general introduction to aquatic life and ecosystems, this book covers anatomical, environmental, and ethological topics to give a thoroughly rounded view of its subject, promising to serve as the fundamental introduction to multidisciplinary fish studies. Readers of the third edition of Biology and Ecology of Fishes will also find: Detailed coverage of subjects including growth and bioenergetics, feeding and predation, mortality and recruitment and moreIncreased attention to stressors of fish populations and communitiesNew and revised chapters that introduce quantitative methods and present emerging issues facing fish populations and communities Biology and Ecology of Fishes is a useful overview for advanced undergraduate and graduate students studying fish ecology or fishery biology, as well as a reference for researchers and professionals in fish ecology, fish population management, and related fields.Table of ContentsPreface vii Acknowledgments ix Part 1 Introduction 1 1 Introduction to Aquatic Ecosystems 3 2 Fish Diversity 14 3 Morphology and Evolution of Fishes 21 Part 2 Bioenergetics and Growth 33 4 Balanced Energy Equation 35 5 Metabolism and Other Energy Uses 42 6 Patterns of Growth and Reproduction 66 7 Estimating Growth and Condition of Fish 86 8 Bioenergetics Models 99 Part 3 Population Processes 115 9 Abundance and Size Structure of Fish Stocks 117 10 Mortality 131 11 Density- Dependence and Independence 142 12 Recruitment 153 13 Social Behavior 169 14 Competition 186 15 Positive Interactions 201 16 Movement and Habitat Use 210 Part 4 Feeding and Predation 229 17 Predation and Foraging Behavior 231 18 Optimal Foraging and Patch Use 246 19 Diet Composition and Ration in Nature 263 20 Predation Risk and Refuges 276 Part 5 Reproduction and Life Histories 295 21 Reproductive Traits 297 22 Reproductive Behavior and Spawning Migrations 306 23 Life- History Patterns and Reproductive Strategies 318 24 Ontogeny and Early Life of Fishes 332 Part 6 Fish Communities in Aquatic Ecosystems 349 25 Description and Measurement of Fish Communities 351 26 Aquatic Food Webs 364 27 Temperature and Fish Distributions 379 28 Fish Communities in Temperate Streams 391 29 Tropical Rivers 407 30 Fish Communities in Lakes 422 31 Marine Ecosystems 439 Part 7 Human Influences on Fish and Fisheries 453 32 Fisheries Harvest 455 33 Invasive Species 476 34 Aquaculture 489 35 Climate Change and Consequences for Fish 503 36 Conservation of Freshwater Fishes 519 Index 533

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Book SynopsisFOUNDATIONS OF CHEMISTRY A foundation-level guide to chemistry for physical, life sciences and engineering students Foundations of Chemistry: An Introductory Course for Science Students fills a gap in the literature to provide a basic chemistry text aimed at physical sciences, life sciences and engineering students. The authors, noted experts on the topic, offer concise explanations of chemistry theory and the principles that are typically reviewed in most one year foundation chemistry courses and first year degree-level chemistry courses for non-chemists. The authors also include illustrative examples and information on the most recent applications in the field. Foundations of Chemistry is an important text that outlines the basic principles in each area of chemistry - physical, inorganic and organic - building on prior knowledge to quickly expand and develop a student''s knowledge and understanding. Key features include: Table of ContentsChapter 0: Fundamentals 0.1 Measurement in chemistry and science – SI units 0.2 Expressing large and small numbers using scientific notation 0.3 Using metric prefixes 0.4 Significant figures 0.5 Calculations using scientific notation 0.6 Writing chemical formulae and equations Quick Check Summary Chapter 1: Atomic Structure 1.1 Atomic Structure 1.2 Electronic Structure Quick Check Summary Chapter 2: Chemical Bonding 2.1 Bonding 2.2 Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory (VSEPR) 2.3 Polar bonds and polar molecules 2.4 Intermolecular forces Quick Check Summary Chapter 3 Masses of atoms, molecules and reacting substances 3.1 Masses of atoms and molecules 3.2 Amount of substance 3.3 Calculations with moles 3.4 Solutions; concentrations and dilutions 3.5 Titration calculations 3.6 Calculations with gas volumes Quick Check Summary Chapter 4: States of Matter Introduction 4.1 Solids 4.2 Liquids 4.3 Gases Quick Check Summary Chapter 5 Oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions 5.1 Redox Reactions 5.2 Disproportionation Reactions 5.3 Redox titrations Quick Check Summary Chapter 6 Energy, Enthalpy and Entropy 6.1 Enthalpy Changes 6.2 Entropy and Gibbs Free Energy Quick Check Summary Chapter 7 Chemical Equilibrium and Acid-Base Equilibria Introduction 7.1 Equilibria and reversible reactions 7.2 Acid – base equilibria Quick Check Summary Chapter 8 Chemical Kinetics – The Rates of Chemical Reactions Introduction 8.1 The rate of reaction 8.2 Determining the rate of a chemical reaction 8.3 The rate expression 8.4 The half-life of a reaction 8.5 Reaction mechanisms 8.6 Effect of temperature on reaction rate Quick Check Summary Chapter 9 Electrochemistry Introduction 9.1 Redox reactions – a reminder 9.2 Redox reactions and electrochemical cells 9.3 Using redox reactions – Galvanic cells 9.4 Using redox reactions – Electrolytic cells Quick Check Summary Chapter 10: Group trends and periodicity 10.1 The Periodic Table: Periods, Groups and Periodicity 10.2 Trends in properties of elements in the same vertical group of the periodic table 10.3 Trends in properties of elements in the same horizontal period Quick Check Summary Chapter 11: The Periodic Table – chemistry of Groups 1, 2, 7 and transition elements Introduction 11.1 Group 1 – The Alkali Metals 11.2 Group 2 – The Alkaline Earth Metals 11.3 Group 7 (17) The Halogens 11.4 The Transition Elements Quick Check Summary Chapter 12: Core Concepts and Ideas Within Organic Chemistry 12.1 Types of molecular formula 12.2 Nomenclature of simple alkanes 12.3 Isomers 12.4 Drawing Reaction Mechanisms 12.5 Types of reaction Quick Check Summary Chapter 13: Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes 13.1 Alkanes: an outline 13.2 Alkenes: an outline 13.3 Alkynes: an outline Quick Check Summary Chapter 14: Reactivity of Selected Homologous Series 14.1 Alcohols 14.2 Aldehydes and ketones 14.3 Carboxylic acids 14.4 Esters 14.5 Amides 14.6 Amines 14.7 Nitriles Quick Check Summary Chapter 15: The Chemistry of Aromatic Compounds 15.1 Benzene 15.2 Reactions of benzene with electrophiles 15.3 Aniline Quick Check Summary Chapter 16: Substitution and elimination reactions 16.1 Substitution reactions 16.2 Elimination reactions 16.3 Comparison of substitution and elimination reactions Quick Check Summary Chapter 17: Bringing it all together 17.1 Functional group interconversion 17.2 Bringing it all together Chapter 18: Polymerisation 18.1 Polymerisation Quick Check Summary Chapter 19: Spectroscopy 19.1 Mass Spectrometry 19.2 Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) 19.3 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) 19.4 Bringing it all together Quick Check Summary

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Book SynopsisMakes mathematical and statistical analysis understandable to even the least math-minded biology student This unique textbook aims to demystify statistical formulae for the average biology student. Written in a lively and engaging style, Statistics for Terrified Biologists, 2nd Edition draws on the author's 30 years of lecturing experience to teach statistical methods to even the most guarded of biology students. It presents basic methods using straightforward, jargon-free language. Students are taught to use simple formulae and how to interpret what is being measured with each test and statistic, while at the same time learning to recognize overall patterns and guiding principles. Complemented by simple examples and useful case studies, this is an ideal statistics resource tool for undergraduate biology and environmental science students who lack confidence in their mathematical abilities. Statistics for Terrified Biologists presents reTable of ContentsPreface to the second edition xv Preface to the first edition xvii 1 How to use this book 1 Introduction 1 The text of the chapters 1 What should you do if you run into trouble? 2 Elephants 3 The numerical examples in the text 3 Boxes 4 Spare-time activities 4 Executive summaries 5 Why go to all that bother? 5 The bibliography 7 2 Introduction 9 What are statistics? 9 Notation 10 Notation for calculating the mean 12 3 Summarising variation 13 Introduction 13 Different summaries of variation 14 Range 14 Total deviation 14 Mean deviation 15 Variance 16 Why n−1? 17 Why are the deviations squared? 18 The standard deviation 19 The next chapter 21 Spare-time activities 21 4 When are sums of squares NOT sums of squares? 23 Introduction 23 Calculating machines offer a quicker method of calculating the sum of squares 24 Added squares 24 The correction factor 24 Avoid being confused by the term sum of squares 24 Summary of the calculator method for calculations as far as the standard deviation 25 Spare-time activities 26 5 The normal distribution 27 Introduction 27 Frequency distributions 27 The normal distribution 28 What percentage is a standard deviation worth? 30 Are the percentages always the same as these? 30 Other similar scales in everyday life 33 The standard deviation as an estimate of the frequency of a number occurring in a sample 33 From percentage to probability 34 Executive Summary 1 – The standard deviation 36 6 The relevance of the normal distribution to biological data 39 To recap 39 Is our observed distribution normal? 41 Checking for normality 42 What can we do about a distribution that clearly is not normal? 42 Transformation 42 Grouping samples 47 Doing nothing! 47 How many samples are needed? 47 Type 1 and Type 2 errors 48 Calculating how many samples are needed 49 7 Further calculations from the normal distribution 51 Introduction 51 Is A bigger than B? 52 The yardstick for deciding 52 The standard error of a difference between two means of three eggs 53 Derivation of the standard error of a difference between two means 53 Step 1: from variance of single data to variance of means 55 Step 2: From variance of single data to variance of differences 57 Step 3: The combination of Steps 1 and 2: the standard error of difference between means (s.e.d.m.) 58 Recap of the calculation of s.e.d.m. from the variance calculated from the individual values 61 The importance of the standard error of differences between means 61 Summary of this chapter 62 Executive Summary 2 – Standard error of a difference between two means 66 Spare-time activities 67 8 Thet-test 69 Introduction 69 The principle of the t-test 70 The t-test in statistical terms 71 Why t? 71 Tables of the t-distribution 72 The standard t-test 75 The procedure 76 The actual t-test 81 t-test for means associated with unequal variances 81 The s.e.d.m. when variances are unequal 82 A worked example of the t-test for means associated with unequal variances 85 The paired t-test 87 Pair when possible 90 Executive Summary 3 – The t-test 92 Spare-time activities 94 9 One tail or two? 95 Introduction 95 Why is the analysis of variance F-test one-tailed? 95 The two-tailed F-test 96 Howmany tails has the t-test? 98 The final conclusion on number of tails 99 10 Analysis of variance (ANOVA): what is it? How does it work? 101 Introduction 101 Sums of squares in ANOVA 102 Some ‘made-up’ variation to analyse by ANOVA 102 The sum of squares table 104 Using ANOVA to sort out the variation in Table C 104 Phase 1 104 Phase 2 105 SqADS: an important acronym 107 Back to the sum of squares table 108 How well does the analysis reflect the input? 109 End phase 109 Degrees of freedom in ANOVA 110 The completion of the end phase 112 The variance ratio 113 The relationship between t and F 114 Constraints on ANOVA 115 Adequate size of experiment 115 Equality of variance between treatments 117 Testing the homogeneity of variance 117 The element of chance: randomisation 118 Comparison between treatment means in ANOVA 119 The least significant difference 121 A caveat about using the LSD 123 Executive Summary 4 – The principle of ANOVA 124 11 Experimental designs for analysis of variance (ANOVA) 129 Introduction 129 Fully randomised 130 Data for analysis of a fully randomised experiment 131 Prelims 132 Phase 1 132 Phase 2 133 End phase 133 Randomised blocks 135 Data for analysis of a randomised block experiment 137 Prelims 138 Phase 1 139 Phase 2 140 End phase 141 Incomplete blocks 142 Latin square 145 Data for the analysis of a Latin square 145 Prelims 146 Phase 1 150 Phase 2 150 End phase 151 Further comments on the Latin square design 152 Split plot 154 Types of analysis of variance 154 One- and two-way analysis of variance 155 Fixed-, random-, and mixed-effects analysis of variance 156 Executive Summary 5 – Analysis of a one-way randomised block experiment 158 Spare-time activities 159 12 Introduction to factorial experiments 163 What is a factorial experiment? 163 Interaction: what does it mean biologically? 165 If there is no interaction 167 What if there IS interaction? 167 How about a biological example? 168 Measuring any interaction between factors is often the main/only purpose of an experiment 170 How does a factorial experiment change the form of the analysis of variance? 171 Degrees of freedom for interactions 171 The similarity between the residual in Phase 2 and the interaction in Phase 3 172 Sums of squares for interactions 172 13 2-Factor factorial experiments 175 Introduction 175 An example of a 2-factor experiment 175 Analysis of the 2-factor experiment 176 Prelims 176 Phase 1 177 Phase 2 177 End phase (of Phase 2) 178 Phase 3 179 End phase (of Phase 3) 183 Two important things to remember about factorials before tackling the next chapter 185 Analysis of factorial experiments with unequal replication 185 Executive Summary 6 – Analysis of a 2-factor randomised block experiment 188 Spare-time activity 190 14 Factorial experiments with more than two factors – leave this out if you wish! 191 Introduction 191 Different ‘orders’ of interaction 191 Example of a 4-factor experiment 192 Prelims 194 Phase 1 196 Phase 2 196 Phase 3 197 To the end phase 205 Spare-time activity 214 15 Factorial experiments with split plots 217 Introduction 217 Deriving the split plot design from the randomised block design 218 Degrees of freedom in a split plot analysis 221 Main plots 221 Sub-plots 222 Numerical example of a split plot experiment and its analysis 224 Calculating the sums of squares 225 End phase 229 Comparison of split plot and randomised block experiments 229 Uses of split plot designs 233 Spare-time activity 235 16 The t-test in the analysis of variance 237 Introduction 237 Brief recap of relevant earlier sections of this book 238 Least significant difference test 239 Multiple range tests 240 Operating the multiple range test 242 Testing differences between means 246 My rules for testing differences between means 246 Presentation of the results of tests of differences between means 247 The results of the experiments analysed by analysis of variance in Chapters 11–15 249 Fully randomised design (p. 131) 250 Randomised block experiment (p. 137) 251 Latin square design (p. 146) 253 2-Factor experiment (p. 176) 255 4-Factor experiment (p. 195) 257 Split plot experiment (p. 224) 259 Some final advice 261 Spare-time activities 261 17 Linear regression and correlation 263 Introduction 263 Cause and effect 264 Other traps waiting for you to fall into 264 Extrapolating beyond the range of your data 264 Is a straight line appropriate? 265 The distribution of variability 268 Regression 268 Independent and dependent variables 272 The regression coefficient (b) 272 Calculating the regression coefficient (b) 275 The regression equation 281 A worked example on some real data 282 The data 282 Calculating the regression coefficient (b), i.e. the slope of the regression line 282 Calculating the intercept (a) 284 Drawing the regression line 285 Testing the significance of the slope (b) of the regression 286 How well do the points fit the line? The coefficient of determination (r2) 290 Correlation 291 Derivation of the correlation coefficient (r) 291 An example of correlation 292 Is there a correlation line? 293 Extensions of regression analysis 296 Nonlinear regression 297 Multiple linear regression 298 Multiple nonlinear regression 300 Executive Summary – Linear regression 301 Spare time activities 303 18 Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) 305 Introduction 305 A worked example of ANCOVA 307 Data: cholesterol levels of subjects given different diets 307 Data: ages of subjects in experiment 308 Regression of cholesterol level on age 309 The structure of the ANCOVA table 312 Total sum of squares 313 Residual sum of squares 314 Corrected means 316 Test for significant difference between means 316 Executive Summary 8 – Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) 319 Spare-time activity 320 19 Chi-square tests 323 Introduction 323 When not and where not to use 𝜒 2 324 The problem of low frequencies 325 Yates’ correction for continuity 325 The 𝜒 2 test for goodness of fit 326 The case of more than two classes 328 𝜒 2 with heterogeneity 331 Heterogeneity 𝜒 2 Analysis with ‘Covariance’ 333 Association (or contingency) 𝜒 2 335 2 × 2 contingency table 336 Fisher’s exact test for a 2 × 2 table 338 Larger contingency tables 340 Interpretation of contingency tables 341 Spare-time activities 343 20 Nonparametric methods (what are they?) 345 Disclaimer 345 Introduction 346 Advantages and disadvantages of parametric and nonparametric methods 347 Where nonparametric methods score 347 Where parametric methods score 349 Some ways data are organised for nonparametric tests 349 The sign test 350 The Kruskal–Wallis analysis of ranks 350 Kendall’s rank correlation coefficient 352 The main nonparametric methods that are available 353 Analysis of two replicated treatments as in the t-test (Chapter 8) 353 Analysis of more than two replicated treatments as in the analysis of variance (Chapter 11) 354 Correlation of two variables (Chapter 17) 354 Appendix A How many replicates? 355 Appendix B Statistical tables 365 Appendix C Solutions to spare-time activities 373 Appendix D Bibliography 393 Index 397

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsIntroduction V Part I Chemistry 1 Matter 2 Elements 3 01 The Periodic Table 3 02 Element Symbols 5 03 Atomic Structure 8 04 Lewis Dot Diagrams 10 05 Ions 12 Compounds 14 06 Chemical Formulas 14 07 Ionic Compounds 16 08 Covalent Compounds 18 09 Atoms vs. Molecules 21 Mixtures 23 10 Heterogeneous Mixtures 23 11 Solution: Concentration 25 12 Solubility 27 13 True Solutions 30 14 Colloids 33 15 Emulsions 35 16 Suspensions 37 17 Saturated Solutions 39 18 Diffusion 41 Physical Properties and Physical Changes 43 19 Matter Has Mass 44 20 Matter Has Volume 46 21 Relative Density 48 22 States of Matter 50 Chemical Properties and Chemical Changes 53 Acids and Bases 54 23 Acids 54 24 Bases 56 25 pH Scale 58 Chemical Reactions 61 26 Combination and Decomposition Reactions 61 27 Leavening Agent 63 28 Balancing Chemical Equations 65 29 Combustion: Burning 68 30 Exothermic Chemical Reactions 70 31 Explosions 72 32 Polymers: Slime 74 Part II Physics 76 Newton’s Laws of Motion 78 33 Newton’s First Law of Motion: Inertia 80 34 Newton’s Second Law of Motion 82 35 Newton’s Third Law of Motion 84 Forces 86 Noncontact Forces 87 36 Freefall 87 37 Gravity 89 38 Momentum 91 39 Apparent Weightlessness 94 Contact Forces 96 40 Buoyancy 96 41 Buoyant Force 98 42 Friction 100 Turning Forces 102 43 Torque 102 44 Center of Gravity 104 45 Stability 106 Heat 109 46 Conduction of Heat 110 47 Convection 112 48 Conductors vs. Insulators 114 49 Heat Capacity 116 Light 118 Energy 119 50 Electromagnetic Spectrum 119 51 Photons 121 52 Phosphors 124 53 Fluorescence 126 54 Phosphorescence 128 Incident Light 130 55 Colors You See 130 56 Convex Lenses: Focal Length 132 57 Convex Lenses: Rules of Refraction 134 58 Convex vs. Concave Lenses 137 Electricity 139 59 Series Circuit 140 60 Parallel Circuit 142 61 Energy Ball 144 Part III Astronomy 146 Space Measurements 148 62 Models of the Universe 149 63 Space Measurements 151 64 Apparent Sizes of Celestial Objects 153 65 Angular Distances 155 66 Sun Shadows 157 67 Albedo 159 The Moon 161 68 Moon Phases 162 69 The Terminator 164 70 Barycenter 167 71 Moon Motion 169 Constellations 171 72 Circumpolar Constellations 172 73 Location of Polaris 175 74 Zodiac Constellations 177 Part IV Earth Science 180 Geology 182 75 Density of Earth’s Layers 183 76 Volcanoes 185 77 Evaporites 187 78 Fossils 189 Geological Stress 191 79 Tectonic Plates 191 80 Deformation 194 81 Fold Mountains 196 82 Tension 198 83 Normal and Reverse Faults 201 Meteorology 204 84 Climate 205 85 Atmospheric Pressure 207 86 Sea and Land Breezes 209 87 Rayleigh Scattering 212 88 Seasons 215 89 Coriolis Effect 218 Part V Biology 221 The Nervous System 222 90 Eukaryotic Cells 223 91 Muscles 225 92 Afterimage 228 93 Perception of Color 230 94 Reaction Time 232 95 Sensory Receptors 234 Physical and Biochemical Changes 237 96 Chromatography 238 97 Denaturing Egg Protein 241 98 Denaturing Milk Protein 243 99 Ripening Hormone 245 100 Bioluminescence 247 Glossary 250 Index 279

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Book SynopsisIn the newly revised Sixth Edition of Pocket Consultant: Occupational Health, an accomplished and distinguished team of researchers and practitioners deliver a fully updated overview of current occupational health practices. The book offers a complete, international perspective that includes discussions of issues like migrant working populations, and new chapters on occupational exposure in different industries and specific processes. Special issues such as working hours and shift work, alcohol and drug use testing, eHealth, military populations, fatigue, and sleep disorders are also discussed at length. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to occupational health, including people involved, the roles of occupational health professionals, industrial processes, and health outcomesComprehensive explorations of occupational health services at an international level, occupational diseases, and occupational infectionsPractical discussions of clinical evaluations, including pre-employment placement, fitness for work, health assessments, health surveillance, and medical recordsExaminations of medicolegal report writing and the legal and ethical aspects of occupational healthIn-depth examinations of occupational toxicology, occupational hygiene, chemical/physical/biological/psychosocial hazards, and the principles of risk assessment and risk management along with the latest on control toolkits Perfect for occupational hygienists, physicians, nurses, safety practitioners and anyone in a health and safety role, Pocket Consultant: Occupational Health will also earn a place in the libraries of general practitioners, medical students, nursing students, occupational therapists, physiotherapists, toxicologists, and occupational psychologists.Table of ContentsForeword vii 1 Introduction 1 2 Occupational Health Services – An International Perspective 10 3 Occupational Diseases 23 4 Occupational Infections 58 5 Clinical Evaluations 77 6 Occupational Toxicology 87 7 Occupational Cancer 127 8 Occupational Hygiene – Gases, Vapours, Dusts and Fibres 139 9 Physical Hazards – Light, Heat, Noise, Vibration, Pressure and Radiation 167 10 Musculoskeletal Disorders 216 11 Psychosocial Aspects of the Workplace 224 12 Risk Assessment 249 13 Risk Management 298 14 Principles of Occupational Epidemiology 309 15 Control of Airborne Contaminants 328 16 Personal Protection of the Worker 351 17 Tertiary Prevention 373 18 Special Issues in Occupational Health 377 19 Expert and Medicolegal Report Writing 439 20 Ethical Aspects of Occupational Health 445 Index 455

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Book SynopsisThe Gold Standard in Biochemistry text books.Biochemistry 4e, is a modern classic that has been thoroughly revised. Don and Judy Voet explain biochemical concepts while offering a unified presentation of life and its variation through evolution. It incorporates both classical and current research to illustrate the historical source of much of our biochemical knowledge.Table of ContentsGuide to Media Resources xvi Part I Introduction and background 1 Chapter 1 Life 3 1. The Origin of Life 3 2. Evolution of Cells 9 3. Biochemistry: A Prologue 18 4. Genetics: An Overview 23 Chapter 2 Aqueous Solutions and Bioenergetics 36 1. Properties of Water 37 2. Acids, Bases, and Buffers 40 3. First Law of Thermodynamics: Energy is Conserved 45 4. Second Law of Thermodynamics: The Universe Tends Toward Maximum Disorder 46 5. Chemical Equilibria 49 Appendix: Concentration Dependence of Free Energy 52 Part II Biomolecules 57 Chapter 3 Amino Acids 59 1. The Amino Acids of Proteins 59 2. Stereochemistry of Amino Acids 64 3. Chemical Properties of Amino Acids 69 4. "Nonstandard" Amino Acids 71 Chapter 4 Nucleic Acids, Gene Expression, and Recombinant DNA Technology 75 1. Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids 76 2. DNA Is the Carrier of Genetic Information 78 3. Double Helical DNA 81 4. Forces Stabilizing Nucleic Acid Structures 95 5. Supercoiled DNA 101 6. Gene Expression and Replication: An Overview 113 7. Molecular Cloning 122 Chapter 5 Techniques of Protein and Nucleic Acid Purification 150 1. Protein Isolation 150 2. Protein Solubility 154 3. Chromatographic Separations 156 4. Electrophoresis 167 5. Ultracentrifugation 173 6. Nucleic Acid Fractionation 178 Chapter 6 Covalent Structures of Proteins and Nucleic Acids 184 1. Primary Structure Determination of Proteins 185 2. Chemical Synthesis of Polypeptides 196 3. Nucleic Acid Sequencing 201 4. Chemical Synthesis of Oligonucleotides 210 5. Chemical Evolution 214 6. Bioinformatics: An Introduction 223 Chapter 7 Three-Dimensional Structures of Proteins 241 1. Secondary Structure 241 2. Fibrous Proteins 253 3. Globular Proteins 260 4. Protein Stability 280 5. Quaternary Structure 288 Appendix: Viewing Stereo Pictures 292 Chapter 8 Protein Folding, Dynamics, and Structural Evolution 300 1. Protein Folding: Theory and Experiment 300 2. Folding Accessory Proteins 312 3. Protein Structure Prediction and Design 324 4. Protein Dynamics 328 5. Conformational Diseases: Amyloid and Prions 331 6. Structural Evolution 338 Chapter 9 Chemical and Biological Aspects of Hemoglobin 346 1. Hemoglobin and Myoglobin Function 346 2. Structure and Mechanism 355 3. Abnormal Hemoglobins 364 4. Allosteric Regulation 371 Appendix: Derivations of Symmetry Model Equations 377 Chapter 10 Sugars and Polysaccharides 382 1. Monosaccharides 382 2. Polysaccharides 388 3. Glycoproteins 396 Chapter 11 Lipids and Membranes 409 1. Lipid Classification 409 2. Lipid Aggregates and their Properties 416 3. Biological Membranes 421 4. Membrane Assembly and Protein Targeting 440 5. Lipoproteins 468 Part III MECHANISMS OF ENZYME ACTION 485 Chapter 12 Enzyme Kinetics 487 1. Historical Perspective 488 2. Substrate Specificity 489 3. Coenzymes 492 4. Control of Enzymatic Activity 493 5. A Primer of Enzyme Nomenclature 498 6. Chemical Kinetics 498 7. Enzyme Kinetics 503 8. Inhibition 508 9. Effects of pH 512 10. Bisubstrate Reactions 513 Appendix: Derivations of Michaelis-Menten Equation Variants 516 Chapter 13 Enzymatic Catalysis and Drug Design 523 1. Catalytic Mechanisms 523 2. Lysozyme 534 3. Serine Proteases 541 4. Drug Design 553 Part IV METABOLISM 573 Chapter 14 Introduction to Metabolism 575 1. Metabolic Pathways 576 2. Organic Reaction Mechanisms 579 3. Experimental Approaches to the Study of Metabolism 585 4. Thermodynamics of Phosphate Compounds 594 5. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 600 6. Thermodynamics of Life 603 Chapter 15 Glycolysis and Other Related Pathways 609 1. The Glycolytic Pathway 610 2. The Reactions of Glycolysis 613 3. Fermentation: The Anaerobic Fate of Pyruvate 630 4. Metabolic Regulation and Control 635 5. Metabolism of Hexoses Other Than Glucose 646 6. The Pentose Phosphate Pathway 649 7. Gluconeogenesis 655 8. Biosynthesis of Oligosaccharides and Glycoproteins 664 Chapter 16 Glycogen Metabolism 682 1. Glycogen Breakdown 683 2. Glycogen Synthesis 688 3. Control of Glycogen Metabolism 691 4. Glycogen Storage Diseases 710 Chapter 17 Signal Transduction 715 1. Hormones 715 2. Heterotrimeric G Proteins 732 3. Tyrosine Kinase-Based Signaling 743 4. The Phosphoinositide Cascade 768 Chapter 18 Transport through Membranes 788 1. Thermodynamics of Transport 788 2. Kinetics and Mechanisms of Transport 789 3. ATP-Driven Active Transport 802 4. Ion Gradient-Driven Active Transport 812 5. Neurotransmission 816 Chapter 19 Citric Acid Cycle 833 1. Cycle Overview 833 2. Metabolic Sources of Acetyl-Coenzyme A 836 3. Enzymes of the Citric Acid Cycle 850 4. Regulation of the Citric Acid Cycle 858 5. The Amphibolic Nature of the Citric Acid Cycle 861 6. The Glyoxylate Cycle 862 Chapter 20 Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation 868 1. The Mitochondrion 869 2. Electron Transport 873 3. Oxidative Phosphorylation 890 4. Control of ATP Production 907 Chapter 21 Photosynthesis: Bioinorganic Chemistry and Physiology 916 1. Chloroplasts 917 2. Light Reactions 918 3. Dark Reactions 942 Chapter 22 Lipid Metabolism 956 1. Lipid Digestion, Absorption, and Transport 956 2. Fatty Acid Oxidation 961 3. Ketone Bodies 976 4. Fatty Acid Biosynthesis 981 5. Regulation of Fatty Acid Metabolism 992 6. Cholesterol Metabolism 994 7. Eicosanoid Metabolism: Prostaglandins, Prostacyclins, Thromboxanes, Leukotrienes, and Lipoxins 1012 8. Phospholipid and Glycolipid Metabolism 1023 9. Metabolic Homeostasis: Regulation of Appetite, Energy Expenditure, and Body Weight 1033 Chapter 23 Amino Acid Metabolism 1045 1. Amino Acid Deamination 1046 2. Metabolic Breakdown of Individual Amino Acids 1051 3. The Urea Cycle 1069 4. Amino Acids as Biosynthetic Precursors 1073 5. Amino Acid Biosynthesis 1091 Chapter 24 Nucleotide Metabolism 1110 1. Synthesis of Purine Ribonucleotides 1110 2. Synthesis of Pyrimidine Ribonucleotides 1118 3. Formation of Deoxyribonucleotides 1122 4. Nucleotide Degradation 1133 5. Biosynthesis of Nucleotide Coenzymes 1139 Part V Expression and Transmission of Genetic Information 1147 Chapter 25 D NA Replication, Repair, and Recombination 1149 1. DNA Replication: An Overview 1149 2. Enzymes of Replication 1152 3. Prokaryotic Replication 1165 4. Eukaryotic Replication 1177 5. Repair of DNA 1189 6. Recombination and Mobile Genetic Elements 1201 7. DNA Methylation and Trinucleotide Repeat Expansions 1222 Chapter 26 Transcription 1236 1. The Role of RNA in Protein Synthesis 1237 2. RNA Polymerase 1241 3. Control of Transcription in Prokaryotes 1259 4. Post-Transcriptional Processing 1277 Chapter 27 Translation 1314 1. The Genetic Code 1314 2. Transfer RNA and Its Aminoacylation 1321 3. Ribosomes and Polypeptide Synthesis 1338 4. Control of Eukaryotic Translation 1374 5. Post-Translational Modification 1379 *Chapter 28 Eukaryotic Gene Expression W-1 1. Chromosome Structure W-1 2. Genomic Organization W-12 3. Control of Expression W-25 4. Cell Differentiation and Growth W-59 *Chapter 29 Viruses: Paradigms for Cellular Functions W-84 1. Tobacco Mosaic Virus W-86 2. Icosahedral Viruses W-91 3. Bacteriophage Lambda W-103 4. Influenza Virus W-123 *Chapter 30 Molecular Physiology W-136 1. Blood Clotting W-136 2. Immunity W-150 3. Motility: Muscles, Vesicle Transport, Cilia, and Flagella W-182 Index I-1 *Chapters 28, 29 and 30 are available on our book companion website, www.wiley.com/college/voet.

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsChapter 1 Analytical Objectives, or: What Analytical Chemists Do Chapter 2 Analytical Chemistry: Basic Tools and Operations Chapter 3 Analytical Chemistry: Statistics and Data Handling Chapter 4 Stoichiometric Calculations: The Workhorse of the Analyst Chapter 5 General Concepts of Chemical Equilibrium Chapter 6 Acid-Base Equilibria Chapter 7 Acid-Base Titrations Chapter 8 Complexometric Reactions and Titrations Chapter 9 Gravimetric Analysis and Precipitation Equilibria Chapter 10 Precipitation Reactions and Titrations Chapter 11 Spectrochemical Methods Chapter 12 Atomic Spectrometric Methods Chapter 13 Sample Preparation: Solvent and Solid-Phase Extraction Chapter 14 Chromatography: Principles and Theory Chapter 15 Gas Chromatography Chapter 16 Liquid Chromatography and Electrophoresis Chapter 17 Mass Spectrometry Chapter 18 Thermal Methods of Analysis: Principles and Applications Chapter 19 Electrochemical Cells and Electrode Potentials Chapter 20 Potentiometric Electrodes and Potentiometry Chapter 21 Redox and Potentiometric Titrations Chapter 22 Voltammetry and Electrochemical Sensors Chapter 23 Kinetic Methods of Analysis Chapter 24 Automation in Measurements Appendix A Literature of Analytical Chemistry Appendix B Review of Mathematical Operations: Exponents, Logarithms, and the Quadratic Formula Appendix C Tables of Constants Appendix F Answers to Problems

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsAbout the Author xvii Foreword xix Preface xxi Acknowledgments xxv About the Companion Website xxvi 1 Knowing What to Expect: Hazards, Vulnerability, and Disasters 1 2 Understanding the Actors: Roles and Responsibilities of Relevant Stakeholders 53 3 Anticipating Attitudes and Behavior in Disasters: Myths, Exaggerations, and Realities 93 4 Applying Alternative Management Approaches: Disaster Response and Recovery Theory 123 5 Implementing Initial Response Measures: Hazard Detection, Warning, Evacuation and Sheltering 149 6 Caring For the Injured, Dead, and Distraught: Overcoming Physical and Emotional Impacts 191 7 Managing Public Information, Donations, and Volunteers: Expected Difficulties and Benefits 237 8 Moving Beyond Immediate Needs: Damage Assessment, Disaster Declarations, and Debris Removal 277 9 Promoting Recovery and Mitigation: Disaster Assistance, Rebuilding, and Vulnerability Reduction 317 10 Overcoming Typical Challenges: Vital Considerations for Response and Recovery 357 11 Harnessing Technology and Organization: Tools and Structures for Effective Operations 407 12 Foreseeing the Future: Prior Lessons, Unaddressed Risks, and Rising Vulnerability 455 13 Enhancing Disaster Resilience: Preparedness, Improvisation, Spontaneous Planning, Leadership, and Professionalism 517 Index 559

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Book SynopsisChemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter, International Adaptation continues to emphasize the importance of applying concepts to problem-solving to achieve high-level learning and increase retention of chemistry knowledge. The inclusion of more, and updated, real-world examples provide students with a significant relationship of their experiences with the science of chemistry. Additionally, end-of-chapter review questions integrating scientific practices, cross-cutting concepts, and chemistry core ideas to relate the ideas presented in each chapter to the wider fields of science have been updated to align them with career concepts relevant to the environment, engineering, biological, pharmaceutical, and medical sciences. Problems have been arranged in a confidence-building order.Table of ContentsABOUT THE AUTHORS vii PREFACE xix 0 A Very Brief History of Chemistry 1 1 Scientific Measurements 25 2 Elements, Compounds, and the Periodic Table 67 3 The Mole and Stoichiometry 113 4 Molecular View of Reactions in Aqueous Solutions 161 5 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 219 6 Energy and Chemical Change 259 7 The Quantum Mechanical Atom 307 8 The Basics of Chemical Bonding 361 9 Theories of Bonding and Structure 413 10 Properties of Gases 477 11 Intermolecular Attractions and the Properties of Liquids and Solids 533 12 Mixtures at the Molecular Level: Properties of Solutions 595 13 Chemical Kinetics 647 14 Chemical Equilibrium 713 15 Acids and Bases: A Molecular Look 759 16 Acid-Base Equilibria in Aqueous Solutions 791 17 Solubility and Simultaneous Equilibria 847 18 Thermodynamics 887 19 Electrochemistry 935 20 Nuclear Reactions and Their Role in Chemistry 991 21 Metal Complexes 1033 22 Organic Compounds, Polymers, and Biochemicals 1065 APPENDIX A Review of Mathematics A-1 APPENDIX B Answers to Practice Exercises and Selected Problems A-7 APPENDIX C Tables of Selected Data A-29 GLOSSARY G-1 INDEX I-1

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsIntroduction 1 Part 1: Introducing String Theory 5 Chapter 1: So What Is String Theory Anyway? 7 Chapter 2: The Physics Road Dead-Ends at Quantum Gravity 21 Chapter 3: Accomplishments and Failures of String Theory 35 Part 2: The Physics Upon Which String Theory Is Built 45 Chapter 4: Putting String Theory in Context: Understanding the Method of Science 47 Chapter 5: What You Must Know about Classical Physics 61 Chapter 6: Revolutionizing Space and Time: Einstein’s Relativity 81 Chapter 7: Brushing Up on Quantum Theory Basics 101 Chapter 8: The Standard Model of Particle Physics 119 Chapter 9: Physics in Space: Considering Cosmology and Astrophysics 141 Part 3: Building String Theory: A Theory of Everything 161 Chapter 10: Early Strings and Superstrings: Unearthing the Theory’s Beginnings 163 Chapter 11: M-Theory and Beyond: Bringing String Theory Together 187 Chapter 12: Exploring Strings and Their Landscape 203 Chapter 13: Gaining Insights from the Holographic Principle 217 Chapter 14: Putting String Theory to the Test 237 Part 4: The Unseen Cosmos: String Theory on the Boundaries of Knowledge 261 Chapter 15: Making Space for Extra Dimensions 263 Chapter 16: Our Universe — String Theory, Cosmology, and Astrophysics 279 Chapter 17: Have Time, Will Travel 297 Part 5: What the Other Guys Say: Criticisms and Alternatives 317 Chapter 18: Taking a Closer Look at the String Theory Controversy 319 Chapter 19: Loop Quantum Gravity: String Theory’s Biggest Competitor 339 Chapter 20: Considering Other Ways to Explain the Universe 349 Part 6: The Part of Tens 365 Chapter 21: Ten Tests for a Theory of Quantum Gravity 367 Index 373

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Book SynopsisOffering a positive view of the family, Cox's HUMAN INTIMACY: MARRIAGE, THE FAMILY, AND ITS MEANING, Eleventh Edition discusses the characteristics of successful intimate relationships, and teaches the decision-making skills that lead to strong marriages and families. You'll find coverage of such topics as diversity within the American family (including rural and military families), gay marriage, singles, cohabitation, gender roles, theories of love, date rape and courtship violence, and parenting and life stages.Trade Review1. Human Intimacy in the Brave New World of Family Diversity. 2. Human Intimacy, Relationships, Marriage, and the Family. 3. American Ways of Love. 4. Gender Convergence and Role Equity. 5. Communications in Intimate Relationships. 6. Dating, Single Life, and Mate Selection. 7. Marriage, Intimacy, Expectations, and the Fully Functioning Person. 8. Human Sexuality. 9. Family Planning, Pregnancy, and Birth. 10. The Challenge of Parenthood. 11. Family Life Stages: Middle Age to Surviving Spouse. 12. The Importance of Making Sound Economic Decisions. 13. The Dual-Earner Family: The Real American Revolution. 14. Family Crises. 15. The Dissolution of Marriage. 16. Remarriage: A Growing Way of American Life. 17. Actively Seeking Marital Growth and Fulfillment. Appendix A: Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Appendix B: Contraceptive Methods.Table of Contents1. Human Intimacy in the Brave New World of Family Diversity. 2. Human Intimacy, Relationships, Marriage, and the Family. 3. American Ways of Love. 4. Gender Convergence and Role Equity. 5. Communications in Intimate Relationships. 6. Dating, Single Life, and Mate Selection. 7. Marriage, Intimacy, Expectations, and the Fully Functioning Person. 8. Human Sexuality. 9. Family Planning, Pregnancy, and Birth. 10. The Challenge of Parenthood. 11. Family Life Stages: Middle Age to Surviving Spouse. 12. The Importance of Making Sound Economic Decisions. 13. The Dual-Earner Family: The Real American Revolution. 14. Family Crises. 15. The Dissolution of Marriage. 16. Remarriage: A Growing Way of American Life. 17. Actively Seeking Marital Growth and Fulfillment. Appendix A: Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Appendix B: Contraceptive Methods.

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Book SynopsisWith its easy-to-read approach and focus on core topics, PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, 2e provides a concise, yet thorough examination of calculus-based physical chemistry. The Second Edition, designed as a learning tool for students who want to learn physical chemistry in a functional and relevant way, follows a traditional organization and now features an increased focus on thermochemistry, as well as new problems, new two-column examples, and a dynamic new four-color design. Written by a dedicated chemical educator and researcher, the text also includes a review of calculus applications as applied to physical chemistry.Table of Contents1. Gases and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics. 2. The First Law of Thermodynamics. 3. The Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics. 4. Free Energy and Chemical Potential. 5. Introduction to Chemical Equilibrium. 6. Equilibria in Single-Component Systems. 7. Equilibria in Multiple-Component Systems. 8. Electrochemistry and Ionic Solutions. 9. Pre-Quantum Mechanics. 10. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics. 11. Quantum Mechanics: Model Systems and the Hydrogen Atom. 12. Atoms and Molecules. 13. Introduction to Symmetry in Quantum Mechanics. 14. Rotational and Vibrational Spectroscopy. 15. Introduction to Electronic Spectroscopy and Structure. 16. Introduction to Magnetic Spectroscopy. 17. Statistical Thermodynamics: Introduction. 18. More Statistical Thermodynamics. 19. The Kinetic Theory of Gases. 20. Kinetics. 21. The Solid State: Crystals. 22. Surfaces. Appendixes. Answers to Selected Exercises. Index.

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Book SynopsisGood and effective treatment in radiotherapy requires careful consideration of the complex variables involved as well as critical assessment of the techniques. This new edition of an established classic takes into account advances in imaging and treatment delivery and reflects the current state of the art in the practice of radiotherapy, emphasizing the underlying principles of treatment that can be applied for conventional, conformal, and novel treatments.Table of ContentsPreface.1. What you need to know before planning radiotherapy treatment. 2. Principles of radiotherapy planning. 3. Radiobiology and treatment planning. 4. Organs at risk and tolerance of normal tissues. 5. Principles of brachytherapy. 6. Emergency and palliative radiotherapy. 7. Skin. 8. Head and neck: general considerations. 9. Lip, ear, nose and treatment of the neck in skin cancer. 10. Oral cavity. 11. Oropharynx cancer and unknown primary tumours of the head and neck. 12. Hypopharynx. 13. Nasopharynx. 14. Larynx. 15. Salivary glands. 16. Sinuses: maxilla, ethmoid and nasal cavity tumours. 17. Orbit. 18. Central nervous system. 19. Thyroid and thymoma. 20. Lung. 21. Mesothelioma. 22. Breast. 23. Haematological malignancies. 24. Oesophagus and stomach. 25. Pancreas and liver. 26. Rectum. 27. Anus. 28. Prostate. 29. Bladder. 30. Testis. 31. Penis. 32. Cervix. 33. Uterus. 34. Vagina. 35. Vulva. 36. Sarcoma. 37. Paediatric tumours. 38. Radiotherapy for benign disease.

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Book SynopsisWhat is Religious Ethics? An Introduction is an accessible and informative overview to major themes and methods in religious ethics. This concise and lively book demonstrates the relevance and importance of ethics based in religious traditions and describes how scholars of religious ethics think through moral problems. Combining an issues-based approach with a model of studying ethics religion-by-religion, this volume examines pressing topics through a variety of belief systemsHinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and Sikhismwhile also importantly spotlighting Indigenous communities. Engaging case studies invite readers to consider the role of religions with regard to issues such as: CRISPR Vegetarianism Nuclear weapons Women's leadership Reparations for slavery What is Religious Ethics? is a reliable and easily digestiblTrade Review"Irene Oh’s book provides a wonderfully clear introduction for students. I recommend it without reservation for courses dealing with religious approaches to moral and social issues." John Kelsay, Florida State University, USA"At a time when discussions about ethics often feel imprecise and debates over religious commitments heated, Irene Oh offers this even-handed and comprehensive account of how religion influences what we believe and how we live. Whether you consider yourself religious or not, reading What is Religious Ehics? is like having a seat in Irene Oh’s classroom. An accessible and thought-provoking introduction to religious ethics by a leading scholar in the field."Elizabeth Bucar, Northeastern University, USA"With clarity and concision, Irene Oh provides a sweeping overview of religious ethics, demonstrating its ancient roots and cutting-edge relevance. This book simultaneously attends to classic issues like authority and autonomy, as well as boldly addresses contemporary controversies like CRISPR, climate change and racism. A fantastic and much needed entree to the field."Jonathan K. Crane, Emory University – Center for Ethics, USATable of ContentsIntroduction 1. Moral Authority and Moral Influence 2. Biomedical Ethics 3. Climate Change and the Environment 4. Poverty and Wealth Disparity 5. War and Violence 6. Feminism, Sex, and Gender 7. Race, Racism, and Christianity 8. Who Are We? Diverse Voices in Religious Ethics Conclusion. Index

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Book SynopsisThe seventh edition of General Chemistry continues the tradition of presenting only the material that is essential for a one-year general chemistry course. It strikes a balance between theory and application by incorporating real-world examples; helping students visualize the three-dimensional atomic and molecular structures that are the basis of chemical activity; and developing problem-solving and critical thinking skills. Although the seventh edition incorporates many impressive features, such as conceptual idea review, animations correlated to the text, and hand-sketched worked examples, General Chemistry is still 200 to 300 pages shorter and much less expensive than other two-semester textbooks. Dr. Chang and Dr. Goldsby' concise-but-thorough approach will appeal to efficiency-minded instructors and value-conscious students.Table of Contents1 Introduction 2 Atoms, Molecules, and Ions 3 Stoichiometry 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions 5 Gases 6 Energy Relationships in Chemical Reactions 7 The Electronic Structure of Atoms 8 The Periodic Table 9 Chemical Bonding I: The Covalent Bond 10 Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals 11 Introduction to Organic Chemistry 12 Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids 13 Physical Properties of Solutions 14 Chemical Kinetics 15 Chemical Equilibrium 16 Acids and Bases 17 Acid-Base Equilibria and Solubility Equilibria 18 Thermodynamics 19 Redox Reactions and Electrochemistry 20 The Chemistry of Coordination Compounds 21 Nuclear Chemistry 22 Organic Polymers--Synthetic and Natural Appendix 1 Units for the Gas Constant Appendix 2 Selected Thermodynamic Data at 1 atm and 25 degrees Centigrade Appendix 3 Mathematical Operations Appendix 4 The Elements and the Derivation of Their Names and Symbols

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Book SynopsisThe Biology Laboratory Manual by Vodopich and Moore was designed for an introductory biology course with a broad survey of basic laboratory techniques. The experiments and procedures are simple, safe, easy to perform, and especially appropriate for large classes. Few experiments require more than one class meeting to complete the procedure. Each exercise includes many photographs, traditional topics, and experiments that help students learn about life. Procedures within each exercise are numerous and discrete so that an exercise can be tailored to the needs of the students, the style of the instructor, and the facilities available.Additionally, with McGraw Hill Connect, powerful digital tools augment lab instruction by helping students apply their knowledge in a laboratory setting. Connect Virtual Labs can be implemented in a hybrid or fully online setting to help students prepare for the wet lab and strengthening their lab experience.Table of ContentsExercise 1-Scientific Method: The Process of ScienceExercise 2-Measurements in Biology: The Metric System and Data AnalysisExercise 3-The Microscope: Basic Skills of Light MicroscopyExercise 4-The Cell: Structure and FunctionExercise 5-Solutions, Acids, and Bases: The pH ScaleExercise 6- Biologically Important Molecules: Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, and Nucleic AcidsExercise 7- Separating Organic Compounds: Column Chromatography, Paper Chromatography, and Gel ElectrophoresisExercise 8- Spectrophotometry: Identifying Solutes and Determining Their ConcentrationExercise 9- Diffusion and Osmosis: Passive Movement of Molecules in Biological SystemsExercise 10- Cellular Membranes: Effects of Physical and Chemical StressExercise 11- Enzymes: Factors Affecting the Rate of ActivityExercise 12- Respiration: Aerobic and Anaerobic Oxidation of Organic Molecules Exercise 13- Photosynthesis: Pigment Separation, Starch Production, and CO2 UptakeExercise 14- Mitosis: Replication of Eukaryotic CellsExercise 15- Meiosis: Reduction Division and Gametogenesis Exercise 16- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology: DNA Isolation and Genetic Transformation Exercise 17- Genetics: The Principles of MendelExercise 18- Evolution: Natural Selection and Morphological Change in Green AlgaeExercise 19- Human Evolution: Skull ExaminationExercise 20- Ecology: Diversity and Interaction in Plant CommunitiesExercise 21- Community SuccessionExercise 22- Population Growth: Limitations of the EnvironmentExercise 23- Pollution: The Effects of Chemical, Thermal, and Acidic PollutionExercise 24- Survey of Prokaryotes: Domains Archaea and BacteriaExercise 25- Survey of Protists: Algal AutotrophsExercise 26- Survey of Protists: Protozoan HeterotrophsExercise 27- Survey of the Kingdom Fungi: Molds, Sac Fungi, Mushrooms, and LichensExercise 28- Survey of the Plant Kingdom: Liverworts, Mosses, and Hornworts of Phyla Hepatophyta, Bryophyta, and AnthocerophytaExercise 29- Survey of the Plant Kingdom: Seedless Vascular Plants of Phyla Pterophyta and LycophytaExercise 30- Survey of the Plant Kingdom: Gymnosperms of Phyla Cycadophyta, Ginkgophyta, Coniferophyta, and Gnetophyta Exercise 31- Survey of the Plant Kingdom: Angiosperms Exercise 32- Plant Anatomy: Vegetative Structure of Vascular PlantsExercise 33- Plant Physiology: TranspirationExercise 34- Plant Physiology: Tropisms, Nutrition, and Growth RegulatorsExercise 35- Bioassay: Measuring Physiologically Active SubstancesExercise 36- Survey of the Animal Kingdom: Phyla Porifera and Cnidaria Exercise 37- Survey of the Animal Kingdom: Phyla Platyhelminthes and Mollusca Exercise 38- Survey of the Animal Kingdom: Phyla Annelida and NematodaExercise 39- Survey of the Animal Kingdom: Phylum ArthropodaExercise 40- Survey of the Animal Kingdom: Phyla Echinodermata and ChordataExercise 41- Vertebrate Animal Tissues: Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, and Nervous TissuesExercise 42- Human Biology: The Human Skeletal SystemExercise 43- Human Biology: Muscles and Muscle ContractionExercise 44- Human Biology: BreathingExercise 45- Human Biology: Circulation and Blood Pressure Exercise 46- Human Biology: Sensory PerceptionExercise 47- Vertebrate Anatomy: External Features and Skeletal System of the RatExercise 48- Vertebrate Anatomy: Muscles and Internal Organs of the RatExercise 49- Vertebrate Anatomy: Urogenital and Circulatory Systems of the RatExercise 50- Embryology: Comparative Morphologies and Strategies of DevelopmentExercise 51- Animal Behavior: Taxis, Kinesis, and Agonistic BehaviorAppendix I- Dissection of a Fetal Pig Appendix II- Conversion of Metric Units to English Units

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Book SynopsisOrganic Chemistry, Seventh Edition, continues the successful student-oriented approach used in prior editions. This text uses less prose and more diagrams and bulleted summaries for today's students, who rely more heavily on visual imagery to learn than ever before. Each topic is broken down into small chunks of information that are more manageable and easily learned.Organic chemistry is a dynamic subject that is continually refined as new facts are determined. Each year, novel compounds are discovered, and new drugs are marketed, and these compounds replace older examples to illustrate particular concepts. In this edition, for example, every effort has been made to include content on COVID-19.The text is strengthened by its offering in ALEKS, now featuring Custom Question Authoring, Video Assignments, Virtual Labs, and more!Table of ContentsChapter 1: Structure and BondingChapter 2: Acids and BasesChapter 3: Introduction to Organic Molecules and Functional GroupsChapter 4: AlkanesChapter 5: StereochemistryChapter 6: Understanding Organic ReactionsChapter 7: Alkyl Halides and Nucleophilic SubstitutionChapter 8: Alkyl Halides and Elimination ReactionsChapter 9: Alcohols, Ethers, and Related CompoundsChapter 10: Alkenes and Addition ReactionsChapter 11: Alkynes and SynthesisChapter 12: Oxidation and ReductionSpectroscopy A Mass SpectrometrySpectroscopy B Infrared SpectroscopySpectroscopy C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance SpectroscopyChapter 13: Radical ReactionsChapter 14: Conjugation, Resonance, and DienesChapter 15: Benzene and Aromatic CompoundsChapter 16: Reactions of Aromatic CompoundsChapter 17: Introduction to Carbonyl Chemistry: Organometallic Reagents; Oxidation and ReductionChapter 18: Aldehydes and Ketones—Nucleophilic AdditionChapter 19: Carboxylic Acids and NitrilesChapter 20: Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives- Nucleophilic Acyl SubstitutionChapter 21: Substitution Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds at the α-CarbonChapter 22: Carbonyl Condensation ReactionsChapter 23: AminesChapter 24: Carbon-Carbon Bond-Forming Reactions in Organic SynthesisChapter 25: Pericyclic ReactionsChapter 26: CarbohydratesChapter 27: Amino Acids and ProteinsChapter 28: Nucleic Acids and Protein SynthesisChapter 29: Lipids (Available Online)Chapter 30: Metabolism (Available Online)Chapter 31: Synthetic Polymers (Available Online)

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