Description
Book SynopsisTable of ContentsIntroduction V
Part I Chemistry 1
Matter 2
Elements 3
01 The Periodic Table 3
02 Element Symbols 5
03 Atomic Structure 8
04 Lewis Dot Diagrams 10
05 Ions 12
Compounds 14
06 Chemical Formulas 14
07 Ionic Compounds 16
08 Covalent Compounds 18
09 Atoms vs. Molecules 21
Mixtures 23
10 Heterogeneous Mixtures 23
11 Solution: Concentration 25
12 Solubility 27
13 True Solutions 30
14 Colloids 33
15 Emulsions 35
16 Suspensions 37
17 Saturated Solutions 39
18 Diffusion 41
Physical Properties and Physical Changes 43
19 Matter Has Mass 44
20 Matter Has Volume 46
21 Relative Density 48
22 States of Matter 50
Chemical Properties and Chemical Changes 53
Acids and Bases 54
23 Acids 54
24 Bases 56
25 pH Scale 58
Chemical Reactions 61
26 Combination and Decomposition Reactions 61
27 Leavening Agent 63
28 Balancing Chemical Equations 65
29 Combustion: Burning 68
30 Exothermic Chemical Reactions 70
31 Explosions 72
32 Polymers: Slime 74
Part II Physics 76
Newton’s Laws of Motion 78
33 Newton’s First Law of Motion: Inertia 80
34 Newton’s Second Law of Motion 82
35 Newton’s Third Law of Motion 84
Forces 86
Noncontact Forces 87
36 Freefall 87
37 Gravity 89
38 Momentum 91
39 Apparent Weightlessness 94
Contact Forces 96
40 Buoyancy 96
41 Buoyant Force 98
42 Friction 100
Turning Forces 102
43 Torque 102
44 Center of Gravity 104
45 Stability 106
Heat 109
46 Conduction of Heat 110
47 Convection 112
48 Conductors vs. Insulators 114
49 Heat Capacity 116
Light 118
Energy 119
50 Electromagnetic Spectrum 119
51 Photons 121
52 Phosphors 124
53 Fluorescence 126
54 Phosphorescence 128
Incident Light 130
55 Colors You See 130
56 Convex Lenses: Focal Length 132
57 Convex Lenses: Rules of Refraction 134
58 Convex vs. Concave Lenses 137
Electricity 139
59 Series Circuit 140
60 Parallel Circuit 142
61 Energy Ball 144
Part III Astronomy 146
Space Measurements 148
62 Models of the Universe 149
63 Space Measurements 151
64 Apparent Sizes of Celestial Objects 153
65 Angular Distances 155
66 Sun Shadows 157
67 Albedo 159
The Moon 161
68 Moon Phases 162
69 The Terminator 164
70 Barycenter 167
71 Moon Motion 169
Constellations 171
72 Circumpolar Constellations 172
73 Location of Polaris 175
74 Zodiac Constellations 177
Part IV Earth Science 180
Geology 182
75 Density of Earth’s Layers 183
76 Volcanoes 185
77 Evaporites 187
78 Fossils 189
Geological Stress 191
79 Tectonic Plates 191
80 Deformation 194
81 Fold Mountains 196
82 Tension 198
83 Normal and Reverse Faults 201
Meteorology 204
84 Climate 205
85 Atmospheric Pressure 207
86 Sea and Land Breezes 209
87 Rayleigh Scattering 212
88 Seasons 215
89 Coriolis Effect 218
Part V Biology 221
The Nervous System 222
90 Eukaryotic Cells 223
91 Muscles 225
92 Afterimage 228
93 Perception of Color 230
94 Reaction Time 232
95 Sensory Receptors 234
Physical and Biochemical Changes 237
96 Chromatography 238
97 Denaturing Egg Protein 241
98 Denaturing Milk Protein 243
99 Ripening Hormone 245
100 Bioluminescence 247
Glossary 250
Index 279
