Science: general issues Books
University of Nebraska Press Song of the North Wind A Story of the Snow Goose
Book Synopsis
£9.99
University of Nebraska Press Crane Music
Book SynopsisThe sandhill crane, most often seen, is within easy reach of bird-watchers in the center of the North American continent. Less visible is the whooping crane, struggling back from near extinction. Introducing these two crane species, this title describes their seasonal migrations, natural habitats, breeding biology, call patterns, and dancing.Trade Review"A valuable contribution to the crane literature. Readers interested in natural history, both professional and amateur, will derive pleasure and excitement from this book."—Ibis"Lyrically written."—Indiana Audubon Quarterly"A concise but thorough history of cranes. . . . They have stimulated [Johnsgard’s] scientific curiosity and moved him to write evocative passages describing some of their unique behaviors and vocalizations."—Florida Wildlife
£9.99
Stanford University Press Wave Forms
Book SynopsisIn this daring book, the author proposes that artistic and literary forms can be understood as modulations of wave forms in the physical world. By the phrase "natural syntax," he means that physical nature enters human communication literally by way of a transmitting wave frequency.
£112.20
Stanford University Press The Culture of Diagram
Book SynopsisThis book defines diagrams as tools manipulated by users to produce new kinds of understanding and demonstrates that a modern diagrammatic knowledge emerged in eighteenth-century visual culture to become the foundation of later nineteenth-century science.Trade Review"This is a genealogy, not a history, of visual correlation as a form of knowledge. As such, the book becomes a powerful instance of the diagrammatic practice it describes. Like David's Oath of the Horatii, it is structured as a multiple-part space, with tightly argued sections separated by ample "whiteness" to enable manifold correlations to be made by the user. The authors admirably follow Diderot's practice in trusting the synthetic faculties of their audience, ensuring rich rewards for readers who take up their invitation."—Robert M. Brain, ISIS: History of Science & Its Cultural Influences"This wide-ranging study boldly connects elements of visualization, fine art and literary analysis, science history, and virtual reality . . . An ambitious work that will likely fascinate faculty and students in various disciplines."—David R. Conn, Library Journal"Displaying extraordinary erudition in many different fields, the authors performatively duplicate the method of rapports (correlations) across disciplines that they see as the special genius of diagrams themselves . . . The Culture of Diagram is a wonderfully stimulating, provocative, original achievement, lavishly illustrated with many examples that reinforce its argument."—Martin Jay, Nineteenth-Century French Studies"Ranging from the 19th century to the present, Bender and Marrinan's topics go beyond, and often integrate, the sciences and the arts, as the authors read diagrammatic knowledge into prints and oil paintings and thread statistics and probability theory through the social sciences, human vision theory, and into modern physics . . . Recommended."—D. Topper, CHOICE"The Culture of Diagram is a well-crafted book. Its originality resides in the authors' capacity to recognize a running theme from the eighteenth century to the present in the history of representation in different domains such as painting, illustration, literature, aesthetics, theater and science, and in establishing key connections between ideas . . . this book creates a renewed ground for reflection."—Norberto Serpente, British Journal of the History of Science"John Bender and Michael Marrinan's The Culture of Diagram is sumptuously produced and printed."—Jonathan Kramnick, Studies in English Literature"In what its authors call an 'archaeology of diagram,' this surprising and intelligent book offers a radical reinterpretation of the processes through which modern vision emerged. Taking as its principal topic the remarkable plates of the Encyclopédie of Diderot and d'Alembert, the analysis shows convincingly that these were working objects artfully designed to offer their users many different pathways and opportunities for making sense of their world. Against traditions that stress the classical power of singular perspective and the analytic gaze, the book urges that it was the startling and often disturbing juxtaposition of heterogeneous components, of description, delineation, and text, that allowed for and eventually compelled the possibility of simultaneous but conflicted patterns of vision and sense. In fascinating essays on the criticism of Diderot, the artworks of David, and the projective geometry of Monge, the authors reveal the ways in which this mixed mode of diagram played a crucial role in the many transformations of late eighteenth and early nineteenth-century sciences and arts. Concluding discussions carry the narrative through the probabilistic physics and the photographic iconography of nineteenth-century culture to the reorganization of vision and experience involved in the establishment of quantum theory and associated innovations of high modernity. This impressive and well-illustrated work will be of indispensable significance to historians of science and of art, to cultural critics and literary scholars alike."—Simon Schaffer, University of Cambridge"The Culture of Diagram offers a bracingly innovative and insightful critical genealogy of "diagrammatic knowledge" of the past 250 years. Tracing fractures in the classical scheme of representation whose consequences continue to play themselves out in the diagrammatic culture of our techno-modernity, Bender and Marrinan analyze with theoretical sophistication and clarity a non-experiential mode of understanding located in the diagram.The Culture of Diagram represents interdisciplinary thinking at its path-breaking best. Bringing together art history and visual studies, cultural and intellectual history, and science studies, Bender and Marrinan establish critically fresh and compelling insights in the disciplines from which they draw their material. They have produced an important book that will spark considerable and ongoing discussion in a number of fields." —Daniel Brewer, University of Minnesota"The diagram, forgotten third in the triad writing–image–diagram, is entirely reimagined in this book. For the authors, a diagram is an 'amalgam,' 'rife with internal discontinuities' and 'heterogeneous details,' 'ruptured by shifts in scale, focus, or resolution.' Diagrams, they assert, 'splinter description' and demand 'an active correlation of information.' Indeed they respond to our 'correlative understanding' and so work differently than writing or images. Diagrams are 'things to work with' as much as representations. This is a fundamentally postromantic and postmodern reading, following Starobinski more than Foucault, moving from the Encyclopédie to photography. It liberates studies of the forgotten third. In this sense this book is part of the great emerging project of theorizing how images model thought outside of linguistic analogies, naturalism, surrealism, and aesthetics."—James Elkins, School of the Art Institute of Chicago
£999.99
Stanford University Press Wave Forms
Book SynopsisIn this daring book, the author proposes that artistic and literary forms can be understood as modulations of wave forms in the physical world. By the phrase "natural syntax," he means that physical nature enters human communication literally by way of a transmitting wave frequency.
£28.80
Stanford University Press The Sparks of Randomness Volume 1
Book SynopsisThe Sparks of Randomness, Henri Atlan''s magnum opus, develops his whole philosophy with a highly impressive display of knowledge, wisdom, depth, rigor, and intellectual and moral vigor. Atlan founds an ethics adapted to the new power over life that modern scientific knowledge has given us. He holds that the results of science cannot ground any ethical or political truth whatsoever, while human creative activity and the conquest of knowledge are a double-edged sword. This first volume, Spermatic Knowledge, begins with the Talmudic tale about the prophet Jeremiah''s creation of a golem, or artificial man. Atlan shows that the Jewish tradition does not demonize man for creating and changing living thingsa charge often leveled at promoters of advanced technologies, like biologists, who are accused of playing God. To the contrary, man is depicted as being the co-creator of the world.Although Atlan believes that the fabrication of life from scratch will take pTrade Review"Atlan seeks to integrate the mechanistic worldview common in the biological sciences into a form of absolute monism that draws upon Kabbalah and Spinoza. . . Steeped in the biological sciences and remarkably learned in Judaica, it will set a standard for new creative forms of constructive Jewish thought. Anyone interested in the relation between religion and science will do well to turn here."—Zachary Braiterman, Religious Studies Review"Henri Atlan has undoubtedly become a great scholar and important international figure in the academic community. His approach to texts is original and stimulating, his ideas both lucid and insightful. He has written many volumes on a variety of subjects, but this one has special meaning due to the convulsions society has been undergoing in recent years. The book is steeped in psychology and religion, biology and sociology, mysticism and ethos. Drawing from Talmudic sources but also from secular ones, it is sure to find appeal in many circles."—Elie Wiesel"As a physician, biologist, and philosopher, Henri Atlan occupies a preeminent place in the present-day French intellectual landscape, carrying on a grand French tradition of scientist-philosophers that goes back to Pascal. His Sparks of Randomness is dedicated to reflecting upon the lesson that Jeremiah learned from the golem: that we should not renounce attaining the perfect knowledge that makes us capable of creating life, but once we attain the knowledge, we should abstain from acting on it. This book is not only fundamental for the future of biology, cognitive science, and the human sciences in general, but also constitutes one of the most important readings of Spinoza ever produced."—Jean-Pierre Dupuy, Stanford University
£22.49
Teachers' College Press Science Education for Everyday Life
Book SynopsisSummarizing worldwide historical findings, Glen Aikenhead, an expert in the field of culturally sensitive science education, offers evidence in support of classroom practice.
£24.69
Rutgers University Press The Emperors New Clothes Biological Theories of
Book SynopsisIn this groundbreaking book, Joseph Graves traces the development of biological thought about human genetic diversity. Greek philosophy, social Darwinism, New World colonialism, the eugenics movement, intelligence testing biases, and racial health fallacies are just a few of the topics he addresses. Graves argues that racism has persisted in our society because adequate scientific reasoning has not entered into the equation. He champions the scientific method and explains how we may properly ask scientific questions about the nature of population differentiation and how (if at all) we may correlate that diversity to observed human behavior. He also cautions us to think critically about scientific findings that have historically been misused in controversies over racial differences in intelligence heritability, criminal behavior, disease predisposition, and other traits. According to Graves, this country cannot truly address its racial problems untilTrade ReviewThe author's main purpose is to show that the concept of race is a social construct that has no scientific basis. This is apparently now generally understood by the scientific community, but has not yet properly penetrated the understanding of the general public. This is the fundamental moral challenge that Graves put to the U.S. as its prime task in the millennium. His book is clear, readable, and ideal for first-year students. * Quarterly Review of Biology *Intellectually delightful, and at times deeply moving, this book's fundamental thesis is of outstanding importance. The biological non-existence of race is one of the most liberating messages that the American public will hear in a long time. It should be read by anybody who is a registered voter in the United States. -- Michael R. Rose * author of Darwin's Spectre: Evolutionary Biology in the Modern World *Evolutionary biologist Joseph Graves Jr. sets out to show that scientific, not political, correctness underlies the critique of the race concept, and argues that æthere is no biological basis for separation of human beings into race.' . . . The Emperor's New Clothes is a valuable study, and critique, of the concept of race. It is a pity that such books remain necessary. * Times Literary Supplement *What is the basis for separation of humans into races? Is it biological (i.e., genetic), or is it physical (i.e., phenotypic) and sociological? Depending on the answers, can racism be supported biologically? Graves has posed answers to these questions that could revise the ways in which humans interact with one another. With scientific training in genetics and the molecular biology of evolution, Graves has the background to speak meaningfuly to these questions. . . . For anyone interested in human interaction. All levels. * Choice *A concise history of the origin and evolution of the idea of race, the development of the science of classification and ranking of human types/races, and the persistence of racial ideology and science. Graves concludes that race is a social construct that was given power by science. When the myth of biological races is smashed, biological differences cease to be an excuse for inequality, and racism is exposed. * Journal of the American Medical Association *A book declaring that biological races do not exist and that the concept of race æwas socially constructed, arising from the colonization of the New World and the importation of slaves, mainly from western Africa' merits a salute right off the bat. . . . Joseph L. Graves Jr., is a laboratory geneticist, and he has made his case based on solid science, not on feel-good social motivations. . . . Graves is a laboratory scientist. His grasp of science and use of up-to-date sources put his presentation on a rock-solid basis. . . . The Emperor's New Clothes is a fine start for thinking about race at the dawn of the new millennium. * American Scientist *Table of ContentsPreface Acknowledgements Introduction Part 1 The Origin of the Race Concept Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Part 2 Darwin and the Survival of Scientific Racism Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Part 3 Applications and Misapplications of Darwinism Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Part 4 Biological Theories of Race at Millennium Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Conclusion Appendices Notes Bibliography Index
£29.70
Rutgers University Press Poultry Science Chicken Culture A Partial
Book SynopsisTrade Review"Squier offers a delightful, provocative, and unexpected look into the visible, and often hidden, interrelationships that bind human and fowl." -- Gregg Mitman * author of Reel Nature: America's Romance with Wildlife on Film *"A quirky mash of essays on chickens and the interplay of biology and culture that manages to blend all of Squier's interdisciplinary interests. She ranges freely, from takes on chickens as subjects of photography and exhibition, playwriting, film, and children's and other literature, to musings on such public-policy issues as risk management, the avian-flu scare, and the societal costs of industrial agriculture." * Chronicle Review *"Here is a vividly written and thickly researched transdisciplinary book full of proof that chickens are good to think with, good to live with, and good to inhabit thick histories with. These chicken-human worlds propose becoming with, in accountable new and old ways with consequences for the chances of flourishing after the disasters of industrial animal agriculture and epidemic-friendly technoscienticic and globalized economic practices. Here too is a book full of stories to live with, stories that invite human beings and chickens to reintroduce themselves in practices of love and care in art, science, domesticity, farming, and more." -- Donna J. Haraway * author of When Species Meet *"Squier exhibits a deep, imaginative cross-disciplinary understanding of artistic and linguistic representation and reproductive medicine. Highly recommended." * Choice *"Squier offers a delightful, provocative, and unexpected look into the visible, and often hidden, interrelationships that bind human and fowl." -- Gregg Mitman * author of Reel Nature: America's Romance with Wildlife on Film *"This vividly written transdisciplinary book is full of proof that chickens are good to think with, good to live with, good to inhabit thick histories with. Squier's 'partial alphabet' invites human beings and chickens to reintroduce themselves in practices of love and care in art, science, domesticity, farming, and more." -- Donna J. Haraway * author of When Species Meet *"A quirky mash of essays on chickens and the interplay of biology and culture that manages to blend all of Squier's interdisciplinary interests. She ranges freely, from takes on chickens as subjects of photography and exhibition, playwriting, film, and children's and other literature, to musings on such public-policy issues as risk management, the avian-flu scare, and the societal costs of industrial agriculture." * Chronicle Review *"Here is a vividly written and thickly researched transdisciplinary book full of proof that chickens are good to think with, good to live with, and good to inhabit thick histories with. These chicken-human worlds propose becoming with, in accountable new and old ways with consequences for the chances of flourishing after the disasters of industrial animal agriculture and epidemic-friendly technoscienticic and globalized economic practices. Here too is a book full of stories to live with, stories that invite human beings and chickens to reintroduce themselves in practices of love and care in art, science, domesticity, farming, and more." -- Donna J. Haraway * author of When Species Meet *"Squier exhibits a deep, imaginative cross-disciplinary understanding of artistic and linguistic representation and reproductive medicine. Highly recommended." * Choice *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments Introduction: Why Chickens? 1. Augury 2. Biology 3. Culture 4. Disability 5. Epidemic 6. Fellow-Feeling 7. Gender 8. Hybridity 9. Inauguration Conclusion: Zen of the Hen Notes References Index About the Author
£27.90
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Food Irradiation Research and Technology
Book SynopsisNow in a fully updated second edition, this volume presents the latest scientific findings on food irradiation. It reviews the principles of irradiation, current technologies, regulatory and safety issues, and recent advances in the irradiation of produce, as well as meat, poultry, and seafood.Table of ContentsList of Contributors xix Preface xxv Chapter 1 Introduction: Food Irradiation Moving On 1 Joseph Borsa Introduction 2 Two Tracks Going Forward 3 The Food Safety Track 3 The Disinfestation Track 5 Bumps Still Remain on the Road Ahead 5 Summary 7 References 7 Chapter 2 Advances in Electron Beam and X-ray Technologies for Food Irradiation 9 Marshall R. Cleland Introduction 10 Basic Irradiation Concepts 10 Definition and Units of Absorbed Dose 10 Absorbed Dose versus Emitted Radiation Power 11 Temperature Rise versus Dose 12 Electron Beam Facilities 13 Absorbed Dose versus Beam Current 14 Electron Beam Technologies 14 X-ray Facilities 21 Conclusion 24 References 25 Chapter 3 Gamma Ray Technology for Food Irradiation 29 Kevin O’Hara Introduction 29 Overview of Co-60 Gamma Technology 30 Basic Irradiation Concepts 32 Gamma Ray Facilities 32 Irradiator Categories 34 Criteria for Irradiator Design and Selection 35 Pallet Irradiator 38 Tote Box Irradiator 40 Independent Dose Delivery Carrier and Stationary Irradiations 41 Gray∗ Star GenesisTM Underwater Irradiator 42 Gamma Ray Facilities for Radiation Research 43 Comparison of Irradiation Technologies 45 References 46 Chapter 4 Regulation of Irradiated Foods and Packaging 47 George H. Pauli Introduction 48 References 52 Notes 52 Chapter 5 Toxicological Safety of Irradiated Foods 53 Christopher H. Sommers, Henry Delincee, J. Scott Smith, and Eric Marchioni Introduction 54 Food Irradiation 54 Benzene, Formaldehyde, and Amines 56 Formation and Levels of 2-ACBs in Foods 57 Toxicological Safety of 2-ACBs 63 2-ACBs and Tumor Promotion 66 Diet and Tumor Promotion 67 Conclusions 67 References 68 Chapter 6 Radiation Chemistry of Food Components 75 Xuetong Fan Basic Radiation Effects 76 Radiolysis of Water 76 Radiation Chemistry of Major Food Components 77 Radiation Chemistry of Lipids 77 Radiolysis of Proteins 80 Radiolysis of Carbohydrates 83 Reduction of Undesirable Compounds by Irradiation 88 Reduction of Furan and Acrylamide 88 Reduction of Mycotoxins 89 Antinutritional Compounds 92 Acknowledgments 93 References 93 Chapter 7 Dosimetry for Food Processing and Research Applications 99 Kishor Mehta and Kevin O’Hara Importance of Dosimetry 99 Introduction 100 Some Fundamentals of Dosimetry 101 Absorbed Dose 101 Dosimetry System 102 Measurement Management System 103 Selection and Characterization of a Dosimetry System 103 Types of Dosimetry Systems 103 The Selection of an Appropriate Dosimetry System 104 Dosimetry System Characterization 106 The Use of a Dosimetry System 107 Dosimetry in Food Research 108 Dosimetry at a Commercial Facility 109 General 109 Process Validation 110 Operational Qualification (OQ) 110 Performance Qualification (PQ) 114 Routine Process Monitoring and Control 117 References 120 Chapter 8 Detection of Irradiated Foods 123 Eric Marchioni Introduction 124 Free Radicals and Electronic Excited States 126 ESR Spectroscopy 126 Luminescence 129 Stable Radiolytic Products 131 Radiolytic Products from Proteins 131 Volatile Compounds 131 Radiolytic Products from Carbohydrates 132 Radiolytic Products from Nucleic Acids 132 Radiolytic Products from Lipids 134 Modification of Macroscopic Physico-Biological Parameters of the Food 137 Gas Evolution 138 Cellular Wall Modifications 138 Bacteriological Modifications 138 Germination Inhibition 139 Irradiated Ingredients and Low-Dose Irradiated Plants 139 Conclusion 140 References 140 Chapter 9 Irradiation of Packaging Materials in Contact with Food: An Update 147 Vanee Komolprasert Introduction 148 Current Authorizations of Packaging Materials for Irradiation of Prepackaged Food 149 Radiation-Induced Chemical Changes in Packaging Materials 157 Role of AOs 158 Evaluating Packaging Materials Irradiated in the Presence of Oxygen 159 Irradiation Effects 160 Analysis for RPs 161 Dietary Exposure to RPs 162 Safety Assessment of RPs 164 Approaches to Testing 165 Conclusions 167 Acknowledgment 168 References 168 Chapter 10 Consumer Acceptance and Marketing of Irradiated Foods 173 Ronald F. Eustice and Christine M. Bruhn Introduction 174 What Is Food Irradiation? 174 Why Is Food Irradiated? 174 Marketing of Irradiation Foods 176 Commercial Acceptance of Irradiation Foods 177 Resistance to “New” Technology 178 Risks versus Benefits 179 World’s Safest Food Supply, But Not Safe Enough 179 Irradiation: A Powerful and Effective Tool to Improve Food Safety 181 Education: The Key to Consumer Acceptance 182 Effect of Unfavorable Information 185 Can Unfavorable Information Be Counteracted? 186 Effects of Gender, Income, and Children 188 Barriers to Acceptance 188 The “Minnesota Model” of Consumer Acceptance 189 A Defining Moment in Food Safety 191 Is It Farm to Fork, or Turf to Tort? 192 Conclusion 192 References 193 Chapter 11 Irradiation of Ready-To-Eat Meat Products 197 Christopher H. Sommers and William J. Mackay Introduction 198 Materials and Methods 198 RTE Meats 198 Processing of Beef Bologna 199 Bacterial Isolates 199 Preparation of Inoculum 200 Inoculation of RTE Meats 200 Gamma Irradiation 200 Enumeration of Bacteria 201 Storage Study 201 D10 Values 201 Statistical Analysis 202 Results and Discussion 202 Acknowledgment 205 References 205 Chapter 12 Mechanisms and Prevention of Quality Changes in Meat by Irradiation 209 Doug U. Ahn and Eun Joo Lee Introduction 209 Food Irradiation 210 Microcidal Effect 211 Quality Changes in Meat by Irradiation 213 Lipid Oxidation 213 Sources and Mechanisms of Off-Odor Production 214 Color Changes in Meat by Irradiation 216 Control of Off-Odor Production and Color Changes 220 Additives 220 Packaging 221 Packaging and Additive Combinations 221 Future Research 222 References 222 Chapter 13 Phytosanitary Irradiation for Fresh Horticultural Commodities: Research and Regulations 227 Peter A. Follett and Robert L. Griffin Introduction 228 Developing Irradiation Quarantine Treatments 228 Insect Radiotolerance 228 Methodology 231 Varietal Testing 234 Probit 9 Efficacy and Alternatives 234 Generic Radiation Treatments 236 Regulatory Aspects of Irradiation 240 USDA Regulations 242 Regional and International Harmonization 244 Trade 245 References 249 Chapter 14 Antimicrobial Application of Low-Dose Irradiation of Fresh and Fresh-Cut Produce 255 Brendan A. Niemira Introduction 256 Produce Microbiology and Irradiation Treatment 257 Internalization of Bacteria 258 Biofilm-Associated Pathogens 260 Postirradiation Recovery and Regrowth 261 Treatment Parameters for Irradiation of Produce 262 Influence of Plant Variety 264 Combination with Sanitizers 264 Irradiation Plus Mild Thermal Treatment 265 Summary 266 Acknowledgments 266 References 266 Chapter 15 Irradiation of Fresh and Fresh-Cut Fruits and Vegetables: Quality and Shelf Life 271 Xuetong Fan Introduction 272 Ethylene and Respiration 273 Appearance 274 Texture 276 Flavor/Taste 278 Nutrients 281 Vitamin C 281 Other Nutrients 282 Combination of Irradiation with Other Postharvest Techniques 284 Chemical Sanitizers 284 Hot-Water Treatment 284 Calcium and Calcium Ascorbate 285 MAP 286 Shelf-Life Extension 287 References 288 Chapter 16 Irradiation of Seeds and Sprouts 295 Kathleen T. Rajkowski and Md. Latiful Bari Introduction 295 Outbreaks Associated with Sprouts 296 Potential Source of Contamination 301 Pathogens of Concern for Sprouts 302 Salmonella 302 Enterohemorrhagic E. coli 302 L. monocytogenes 302 B. cereus 303 Yersinia enterocolitica 303 Shigella 303 Klebsiella 303 Pathogen Decontamination Overview 304 Seed and Sprout Evaluation after Treatment 305 Radiation Dose to Reduce Microbial Pathogens on Seeds 305 Combination Treatments 308 Radiation Dose to Reduce Microbial Pathogens on Sprouts 308 Other 309 Conclusions 310 References 310 Chapter 17 Irradiation of Nuts 317 Anuradha Prakash Introduction 317 Farming and Harvesting 318 Insect Disinfestation 318 Microbial Contamination 319 Contamination with Pathogens 320 Irradiation Treatment of Nuts 323 Insect Disinfestation 323 Molds and Aflatoxins 324 Pathogen Inactivation 325 Chemical and Sensory: Irradiation Can Catalyze or Induce Lipid Peroxidation, and Lipid and/or Protein Radiolysis 325 Nonoxidative Radiolytic Reactions 329 Effect of Irradiation on Nut Allergenicity 329 Advantages of Using Irradiation to Treat Nuts 330 Research Needs 330 References 331 Chapter 18 Irradiation of Seafood with a Particular Emphasis on Listeria monocytogenes in Ready-To-Eat Products 337 Denise M. Foley Introduction 338 Listeria monocytogenes Is a Significant Contaminant of Seafood 338 Stress Adaptation of the Organism 339 Irradiation Is an Effective Postprocessing Treatment for Fish Products 340 Physical, Chemical, and Sensory Changes of Irradiated Seafood 344 Competing Microflora 345 Comments Regarding Irradiation and the Risk for Botulism 346 Conclusion 346 References 346 Chapter 19 Ionizing Radiation of Eggs 351 Ignacio Alvarez, Brendan A. Niemira, Xuetong Fan, and Christopher H. Sommers Introduction 352 Ionizing Radiation of Shell Eggs 353 Microbial Lethal Effect of Ionizing Radiation on Shell Eggs 353 Internal Quality of Ionizing Radiated Shell Eggs 356 Physicochemical Properties of Ionizing Radiated Shell Eggs 358 Functional Properties of Ionizing Radiated Shell Eggs 358 Ionizing Radiation of Refrigerated Liquid Egg 359 Ionizing Radiation of LWE 359 Ionizing Radiation of Liquid Egg White 361 Ionizing Radiation of Liquid Egg Yolk 362 Ionizing Radiation of Dried Egg 363 Microbial Lethal Effect of Ionizing Radiation in Dried Egg 363 Quality of Ionizing Radiated Dried Egg 363 Physicochemical Properties of Ionizing Radiated Dried Egg 363 Functional Properties of Ionizing Radiated Dried Egg 364 Ionizing Radiation of Frozen Egg 365 Microbial Lethal Effect of Ionizing Radiation in Frozen Egg 365 Physicochemical Properties of Ionizing Radiated Frozen Egg 365 Functional Properties of Ionizing Radiated Frozen Egg 365 Strategies to Increase the Quality of Irradiated Egg Products 366 Areas for Future Research 368 Conclusion 369 Acknowledgments 370 References 370 Chapter 20 Irradiated Ground Beef for the National School Lunch Program 373 Xuetong Fan Introduction 374 Foodborne Illnesses in School 374 Regulatory Allowance and Specifications of Irradiated Foods for Schools 376 Sensory Properties of Irradiated Ground Beef 378 Conclusion 382 Acknowledgments 383 References 383 Chapter 21 Potential Applications of Ionizing Radiation 385 Ju-Woon Lee, Jae-Hun Kim, Yohan Yoon, Cheorun Jo, and Myung-Woo Byun Introduction 386 Reduction of Food Allergies by Ionizing Radiation 386 Volatile N-nitrosamine and Residual Nitrite Reduction 387 Biogenic Amines Reduction 390 Reduction of Phytic Acid and Increase in Antioxidant Activity 391 Chlorophyll b Breakdown 393 Color Improvement of Plant Extracts without Change of Biological Functions 393 Control of Enterobacter sakazakii in Infant Formula 394 Use of Irradiation to Control Food-Related Bacteria in Meat Products 394 Application of Irradiation for Sea Food Safety 396 Use of Irradiation on Fresh Produces and Dairy Products 396 Application of Irradiation for the Development of Traditional Fermented Foods 397 Use of Boiled Extracts from Cooking 398 Improvement of Nutritional Conditions and Food Quality by Irradiation 399 Conclusion 399 Acknowledgments 399 References 400 Chapter 22 A Future Uncertain: Food Irradiation From a Legal Perspective 407 Denis W. Stearns Introduction 408 Liability for the Manufacture of a Defective Food Product 409 The Origins of Strict Liability in Tainted Food Cases 409 The Modern Rule of Strict Liability 410 Defining Products and Defects 410 Proving the Existence of a Defect in Food 411 Strict Liability Creates Few If Any Legal Incentives in Favor of Food Irradiation 412 A Possible Existing Legal Duty to Use Irradiated Food: The Challenge of Highly Susceptible Populations 414 Negligence: Failing to Avoid a Known and Avoidable Risk 414 The Eggshell Plaintiff: Irradiation, Liability, and Susceptible Populations 416 The Prospect of Punitive Damages as a Stronger Incentive 417 The Possibility of Liability Arising from Irradiated Foods 418 Conclusion 419 Notes 420 Chapter 23 Technical Challenges and Research Directions in Electronic Food Pasteurization 425 Suresh D. Pillai, Les Braby, and Joe Maxim Introduction 426 Target Pathogens 427 Enteric Viruses 427 Protozoan Pathogens 428 Bacterial Pathogens 428 Radiation Physics and Chemistry 428 Chemical Environment 428 Standardized Protocols 429 Electronic Pasteurization in Conjunction with Microbial Risk Assessment 430 Low Dose Electronic Pasteurization and Dosimetry 431 Product Packaging 431 Electronic Pasteurization of Complex-Shaped Packages 432 Acknowledgments 433 References 433 Index 435
£171.86
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Chemical Food Safety
Book SynopsisChemical Food Safety: A Scientist''s Perspective introduces readers to the science of risk assessment as applied to food safety and offers relevant, current information on research and statistics, chemicals, biotechnology issues, and emerging diseases that challenge the risk assessment strategies of toxicology and microbiology. Riviere investigates the potential health consequences of pesticides, food additives and drugs, demonstrating how science can be applied to make risk assessments. He differentiates between real risks and phantom risks, unearthing numerous fallacies in the public perception of risk assessment and evidence of people's intolerance to certain types of risksno matter how remote. Chemical Food Safety is based on credible, scientifically correct data rather than irrational fears propagated by media coverage concerning food safety. The book explores these riveting topics: *food security and the world of bioterrorism, *toxTrade Review"This easy-to-read book focuses on how toxicology data is or should be applied to the real world of food safety. Overall, this book provides the reader with a concise overview of the subject of chemical food safety, comparing real risks with perceived risks, and unearthing numerous myths and people's intolerance to certain types of risk. It highlights the role of the scientist or toxicologist in providing a professional perspective to help the public differentiate risk. It certainly makes you think!" BTS (British Toxilogical Society) Newsletter 2004Table of ContentsAcknowledgements. Introduction. 1 Probability-The Language of Science and Change. 2. Dose Makes the Difference. 3. The Pesticide Threat. 4. Veggie and Fruit Consumption in the Age of the Centenarians. 5. Chemicals Present in Natural Foods. 6. Risk and Regulations. 7. Some Real Issues in Chemical Toxicology. 8. Milk is Good for You. 9. Biotechnology and Genetically Modified Foods: "The Invasion of the Killer Corn" or "New Veggies to the Rescue". 10. Food Security and the World of Bioterrorism. 11. The Future. A. Toxicology Primer. B. Selected Readings and Notes. Index.
£91.76
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Plant Gene Containment
Book SynopsisWith the rise in cultivation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), it is becoming increasingly important to find ways to prevent transgenes from escaping into related crops and plants in the wild.Table of ContentsList of Contributors ix Foreword xi J. Perry Gustafson and Peter H. Raven Section 1 Perspectives of Gene Flow 1 Chapter 1 Potential Environmental Impacts of Transgene Flow in Rice with a Particular View on Herbicide Resistance 3 Bao-Rong Lu and Wei Wang Introduction 3 Transgene Escape and Its Potential Environmental Impacts 4 Herbicide-Resistant Rice 8 Gene Flow from Herbicide-Resistant Rice and Its Potential Impacts 12 Managing Potential Environmental Impacts from Transgene Flow 17 Conclusion 19 Acknowledgments 20 References 20 Chapter 2 Assessment and Detection of Gene Flow 27 Wei Wei, Charles Kwit, Reginald J. Millwood, Hong S. Moon, and C. Neal Stewart Jr. Importance of Assessment and Detection of Gene Flow 27 Detection Methodologies 29 Applications in Assessment of Gene Flow 35 Perspectives 36 Acknowledgments 37 References 37 Chapter 3 Bt Resistance Monitoring in European Corn Borers and Western Corn Rootworms 43 Blair D. Siegfried and Terence Spencer Introduction 43 Resistance Monitoring 44 Bioassay Methods and Baseline Susceptibility 47 Recent Developments 49 Conclusions 51 Acknowledgments 52 References 52 Chapter 4 Commercialization of GMOs: the Company Perspective on Risks and Containment 57 Kater Hake Commercialization of Traits Derived from Plant Biotechnology (GMOs and Alien Chromosome Introgression) 57 Gene Containment During the Commercial Utilization of Crops Derived from Biotechnology 60 Gene Containment During Research, Development, and Seed Production 62 Stewardship and Gene Containment 63 References 65 Section 2 Strategies for Gene Containment 67 Chapter 5 Trait Control (Gene Switch Technology) 69 M. Isabel Ordiz, Jaemo Yang, and Roger N. Beachy Components of Gene Switch Systems 69 Application of Gene Switch Technologies 75 Future Perspectives 79 References 80 Chapter 6 Male Sterility and Hybrid Plant Systems for Gene Confinement 85 Albert P. Kausch, Joel Hague, Adam Deresienski, Michael Tilelli, and Kimberly Nelson Introduction 85 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility 86 Transgenic Nuclear Male Sterility 87 Transgenic Nuclear Male Sterility for Gene Confinement 89 Male Sterility for Recovery of Wide Crosses with Gene Confinement 90 Hybrid Plant Systems 92 Seed-Based Hybrid Plant Systems 92 Gene-Deletor System 92 Male and Female Sterile Lines 94 Total Sterility 95 Stable Knockout Mutations 96 References 96 Chapter 7 Gene-Deletor Technology and Its Potential Applications in Addressing Gene Flow and Food Safety Concerns over Transgenic Plants 101 Yi Li, Hui Duan, Yongqin Chen, and Richard McAvoy Introduction 101 The Principle of Gene-Deletor Technology and Supporting Experimental Data 102 Characteristics and Requirements of Gene-Deletor Technology 105 Potential Applications of Gene-Deletor Technology 107 Conclusions and Perspectives 109 Acknowledgments 110 References 110 Chapter 8 Seed-Based Gene Containment Strategies 113 Melvin J. Oliver and Kater Hake Seedless Crops 114 Seed-Based Containment 115 GeneSafe (Technology Protection System (TPS)) Technology 117 Expression Cascades for Gene Containment 120 References 123 Chapter 9 Transgenic Mitigation of Transgene Dispersal by Pollen and Seed 125 Jonathan Gressel and Hani Al-Ahmad Introduction—Containers Leak 125 Mitigation—The Concept of Conferring a Selective Disadvantage Outside of Cultivation 128 Evidence That TM Mitigates Transgene Establishment 133 Tailoring Mitigator Genes to Crops and Cropping Situation 137 Concluding Remarks 142 References 142 Chapter 10 Tapping RNA Silencing for Transgene Containment through the Engineering of Sterility in Plants 147 Zongrang Liu and Stacy D. Singer Introduction 147 References 166 Chapter 11 Control of Cleistogamy and Seed Dormancy for Biological Gene Containment in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) 175 Sabine Gruber and Alexandra H¨usken Introduction 175 Pathways of Gene Flow in Oilseed Rape 176 Managing Gene Flow in Oilseed Rape 184 Combining Biological Measures Package for Gene Containment 191 Conclusion 192 Acknowledgments 192 References 192 Index 199 A color plate section appears between pages 114 and 115
£128.66
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Characterization of the Cellulosic Cell Wall
Book Synopsis* Provides a unique contribution to our understanding and vision for the sustainable use of bio-based material * Explores the many facets of the plant cell wall * Chapters written by an international body of researchers.Table of ContentsContributors. Preface. Acknowledgments. Part 1: Cell Wall Assembly and Function: New Frontiers. 1. Tracheid and Sclereid Differentiation in Callus Cultures of Pinus radiata D. Don: Toward an In Vitro System for Analyzing Gene Function: Ralf Möller, Armando G. McDonald, Christian Walter, Philip J. Harris. 2. Optimizing for Multiple Functions – Mechanical and Structural Contributions of Cellulose Microfibrils and Lignin in Strengthening Tissues: Lothar Köhler, Frank W. Ewers, and Frank W. Telewski. 3. Mechanics of the Wood Cell Wall: Ingo Burgert, Jozef Keckes, and Peter Fratzl. 4. Prediction of Wood Structural Patterns in Trees using Ecological Models of Plant Water Relations: Barbara Gartner. 5. Preparation and Properties of Cellulose/Xylan Nanocomposites: Sofia Dammström, Wolfgang Glasser, and Paul Gatenholm. Part 2: Probing Cell Wall Structure: Advances in Analysis. 6. Determining Xylem Cell Wall Properties Using Model Plant Species: Lloyd Donaldson. 7. The Temperature Dependence of Wood Relaxations: A Molecular Probe of the Woody Cell Wall: Marie-Pierre Laborie. 8. Rapid Estimation of Tracheid Morphological Characteristics of Green and Dry Wood by Near Infrared Spectroscopy: Laurence R. Schimleck, Christian Mora, and Richard F. Daniels. 9. Potential titles: Characterization of Wood and Wood Composites by FTIR Chemical Imaging/Advanced Analytical Tools for Characterization of Wood: Nicole Labbé, Timothy Rials, and Steve Kelley. 10. Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Monitoring of the Diffusion Process of Deuterium-Labeled Molecules in Wood: Satoru Tsuchikawa and H.W. Siesler. 11. Wood Stiffness by X-Ray Diffractometry: Robert Evans. Part 3: Mesostructure and Applications: Science in Practice. 12. Selected Mesostructure Properties in Loblolly Pine from Arkansas Plantations: David E. Kretschmann, Steven M. Cramer, Roderic Lakes, and Troy Schmidt. 13. Changes of Microfibril Angle after Radial Compression of Loblolly Pine Earlywood Specimens: Chih-Lin Huang. 14. Variation in Kink and Curl of Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris) Fibers: Brian Via, Todd F. Shupe, Leslie H. Groom, Michael Stine, and Chi-Leung So. 15. Effect of chemical fractionation treatments on silicon dioxide in the cell wall of Oryza sativa: Maria Inglesby, Delilah F. Wood, and Gregory M. Gray. 16. Characterization of Water Soluble Components from MDF Fibers: Armando McDonald, Andrew B. Clare, and A. Roger Meder. 17. Effects of Refining Pressure on the Properties of Individual Wood Fibers: Leslie H. Groom, Chi-Leung So, Thomas Elder, Thomas Pesacreta, and Timothy G. Rials. 18. Wood Structure and Adhesive Bond Strength: Charles R. Frihart. 19. Adhesion Mechanisms of Durable Wood Adhesive Bonds: Douglas J. Gardner. Index
£180.86
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Improving Import Food Safety
Book SynopsisImproving Import Food Safety presents detailed information on solutions for addressing the safety of imported foods and ingredients. It provides a valuable reference for food companies and food professionals from industry, government, and academia, the book presents a thorough understanding of the issues and difficulties involved.Table of ContentsContributors xiii Preface xvii Acknowledgment xix Part I Highlighting Key Issues 1 Chapter 1 Emerging Global Food System Risks and Potential Solutions 3 Shaun Kennedy Overview 3 Supply Chain Complexity 4 Increasing Role of Imports 6 Unusual Sources for Imports 7 Other Emerging Food Safety Risks 10 Economically Motivated Adulteration 11 Other Emerging Intentional Threats 13 Potential Solutions 15 Conclusions 19 References 19 Chapter 2 A Cooperative Federal–State Approach for Monitoring Imported Foods: Reviewing the New York State Model 21 Joe Corby Introduction 21 State and Local Government Strengths 23 The New York Model for a Cooperative Federal–State Approach for Monitoring the Safety of Imported Food 25 Examples of Violative Imported Food Products Found in the Pilot Cooperative Project 35 Discussion 41 Conclusions 42 References 42 Chapter 3 The Impact of the Chinese Development Model on Food Safety 45 Wenran Jiang Introduction 45 China’s Explosive Economic Growth and its Impact 46 China as a Growing Food Superpower 51 China’s Food Safety Regimes 53 China’s Food Safety Challenges 57 Conclusions 61 Notes 62 References 63 Chapter 4 The Role of Public–Private Partnerships on the Access of Smallholder Producers of Mexican Cantaloupe to Fresh Produce Export Markets 65 Belem Avendano, Clare Narrod, and Marites Tiongco Foodborne Outbreaks and the Increasing Demand for Food Safety in Fruit and Vegetables 66 Production Trends of the Cantaloupe Industry in Mexico 71 Responses to Food Safety Problems Associated with Cantaloupe Outbreaks 74 Major Barriers to Market Access for Small Mexican Producers in the Cantaloupe Supply Chain 76 The Role of Private–Public Partnerships in Facilitating Smallholders to Overcome Barriers to Export Market Entry 78 Summary and Conclusions 81 Notes 82 References 83 Part II Legal and Regulatory Issues/Structures in the United States and Abroad 87 Chapter 5 Improving US Regulation of Imported Foods 89 Neal Fortin Introduction 89 The Major Federal Agencies 91 The FDA Import Process 92 Prior Notice of Import 93 USDA’s Import System 98 Other Import Controls 100 Country-of-origin Labeling 103 Challenges Facing Import Regulation 104 International Standards – Codex 106 Conclusions 106 References 108 Chapter 6 EU Food Safety Regulation and Trust-enhancing Principles 111 Ellen Vos Introduction 111 Food Regulation: Between Market and Safety 112 The EU’s Failings in Ensuring Food Safety 114 The EU’s New Regime on Food Safety Regulation 115 Restoring Trust in EU Decision-making on Foods 118 Concluding Remarks 125 Acknowledgment 126 Notes 126 References 129 Chapter 7 Experience of Food Safety Authorities in Europe and the Rapid Alert System 133 Roger Wood Introduction 133 The EU Approach to Legislation in the Food Sector 134 Food Crises 135 Risk Assessment and Risk Management and the EFSA 136 The Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed 141 Notes 148 Chapter 8 The Development of and Challenges Facing Food Safety Law in the People’s Republic of China 151 Yuanyuan Shen Introduction 151 From “Food Hygiene” to “Food Safety”: A Brief History of the Development of China’s Food Safeguard System (1978–2009) 153 China’s Food Safeguard System Today 165 The Challenges China Faces in Food Safeguard Improvement 181 Conclusions 186 Acknowledgments 187 Notes 187 References 192 Chapter 9 Defining Food Fraud and the Chemistry of the Crime 195 John Spink Introduction 195 Food Fraud 196 Diversion, Parallel Trade, and Gray Market 203 Criminology and the Chemistry of the Crime 204 Improving Import Food Safety 208 Conclusions 213 References 214 Part III Potential Strategies to Improve Import Safety 217 Chapter 10 Tracking and Managing the Next Crisis 219 Henry Chin, Nancy Rachman, and Maia Jack Introduction 219 Tracking the Next Crisis 220 Issue Management Tools 227 Conclusion 233 Notes 234 Chapter 11 Food Product Tracing 235 Jennifer McEntire Introduction 235 Current US Recordkeeping Requirements 236 Global Recordkeeping Guidance and Practices 237 Commercial Product Tracing Standards 238 Food Industry Factors Affecting Traceability 241 Recommendations for Product Tracing 244 Commingling – A Special Case for Product Tracing 246 Traceability Versus Recall Ability 247 Product Tracing as a Food Safety Tool for Imports 247 References 248 Chapter 12 Improving the Safety of Imported Foods with Intelligent Systems: The Case of United States–Mexico Fresh Produce Supply Chain 251 William Nganje, Na Hu, Timothy Richards and Albert Kagan Introduction 252 Assessment of Threat and Vulnerability 259 Data and Procedure 261 Optimal Control Procedure 263 Results and Discussion 265 Notes 269 Appendix 270 References 272 Chapter 13 Testing with Confidence in the Pursuit of Global Food Safety 275 Ronald L. Johnson and Robert E. Koeritzer Introduction 275 AOAC® International: Official Methods of Analysis sm 279 Evolution of Method Development and Validation 280 AOAC Research Institute 280 Initial Step in AOAC Harmonization of Rapid Microbiological Test Kits 284 The AOAC Guidelines Under Revision 289 References 291 Chapter 14 Global Food Protection: A New Organization is Needed 293 William H. Sperber Introduction 293 Background 294 Proposal 298 Conclusion 301 Note 302 References 302 Chapter 15 Summary and Recommendations for the Safety of Imported Foods 303 Lorna Zach, M. Ellin Doyle, Vicki Bierand Chuck Czuprynski Introduction 305 Summary of Current Concerns 306 Recommendations to Improve the Safety of Imported Foods 316 Concluding Recommendations 321 Conclusion 328 Acknowledgments 328 Notes 329 References 329 Index 335
£171.86
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Plant Desiccation Tolerance
Book Synopsis* Completely up-to-date coverage of plant desiccation research * Chapters contributed by leading international scientists * Discusses possible applications of desiccation research to economically important agricultural crops.Trade Review“We recommend this publication first of all to plant-stress physiologists or plant breeders, as well as researchers who work on plant biochemistry and molecular biology, plant genetic research, and seed conservation. Agronomical sciences and, in the long term, agronomists in the field would also derive benefit from this book.” (The Quarterly Review of Biology, March 2009)Table of ContentsSection 1. Vegetative Desiccation Tolerance. 1. Plant desiccation tolerance: diversity, distribution, and real-world applications - Andrew J. Wood and Matthew A. Jenks. 2. Lessons on dehydration tolerance from desiccation tolerant plants - Melvin Oliver. 3. Mechanisms of desiccation tolerance in Angiosperm resurrection plants - Jill M. Farrant. 4. Desiccation tolerance in lichens - Richard P. Beckett and Farida V. Minibayeva. 5. Desiccation tolerance: gene expression, pathways and regulation of gene expression - Dorothea Bartels, Jonathon Phillips, and John Chandler. Section 2. Desiccation Tolerance of Pollen, Spores and Seeds. 6. Seed desiccation-tolerance mechanisms - Patricia Berjak, Jill M. Farrant, and Norman W. Pammenter. 7. The glassy state in dry seeds and pollen - Olivier Leprince and Julia Buitink. 8. DNA structure and seed desiccation tolerance - Ivan Broubriak, Shirley McCready, and Daphne J. Osborne. 9. Structural dynamics and desiccation damage in plant reproductive organs - Christina Walters and Karen L. Koster. Section 3. Applications of Desiccation Tolerance Research. 10. Desiccation tolerance genes and avenues for crop improvement - Revel Iyer, Sagadevan G. Mundree, Mohamed Suhail Rafudeen, and Jennifer Ann Thompson
£215.96
John Wiley & Sons Inc Ecological Aspects of Nitrogen Metabolism in
Book Synopsis* Thorough coverage of plant nitrogen acquisition within larger ecological community * Sections explore plant interactions with a wide variety of organisms ranging soil microbes to arthropods * Valuable source of information for plant scientists, crop scientists, and ecologists .Trade Review"This interesting volume has 17 chapters, each written by one or more acknowledged experts in their field, grouped into five sections." (Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 2012)Table of ContentsContributors. Preface. Section 1 The Nitrogen Cycle. 1 The New Global Nitrogen Cycle (Jan Willem Erisman). Section 2 Plant-Soil Microbe Interactions. 2 Plant Associations with Mycorrhizae and Rhizobium—Evolutionary Origins and Divergence of Strategies in Recruiting Soil Microbes (Gerben Bijl, Stéphane De Mita, and René Geurts). 3 Arbuscular Mycorrhizas and N Acquisition by Plants (Luisa Lanfranco, Mike Guether, and Paola Bonfante). 4 Ectomycorrhiza and Nitrogen Provision to the Host Tree (Michel Chalot and Claude Plassard). 5 Proteins in the Rhizosphere: Another Example of Plant-Microbe Exchange (Clelia De-la-Peña and Jorge M. Vivanco). 6 Actinorhizal Symbioses (Katharina Pawlowski). 7 Two in the Far North: The Alder-Frankia Symbiosis, with an Alaskan Case Study (Mike Anderson). 8 The Path of Rhizobia: From a Free-Living Soil Bacterium to Root Nodulation (Pedro F. Mateos, Raúl Rivas, Marta Robledo, Encarna Velázquez, Eustoquio Martínez-Molina, and David W. Emerich). 9 Exploiting Mycorrhizae and Rhizobium Symbioses to Recover Seriously Degraded Soils (Sérgio Miana de Faria, Alexander S. Resende, Orivaldo J. Saggin Júnior, and Robert M. Boddey). Section 3 Epi- and Endo-Phytic Microbes. 10 Nitrogen: Give and Take from Phylloplane Microbes (Mark A. Holland). 11 N2-Fixing Endophytes of Grasses and Cereals (Veronica Massena Reis, Jos Vanderleyden, and Stijn Spaepen). Section 4 Arthropods. 12 Effects of Insect Herbivores on the Nitrogen Economy of Plants (Leiling Tao and Mark D. Hunter). 13 Plant Defense Proteins That Inhibit Insect Peptidases (Carlos Peres Silva and Richard Ian Samuels). 14 Nutrient Acquisition and Concentration by Ant Symbionts: The Incidence and Importance of Biological Interactions to Plant Nutrition (Cynthia L. Sagers). Section 5 Environmental Signalling in N Acquisition. 15 The Functions of Flavonoids in Legume-Rhizobia Interactions (Oliver Yu and Yechun Wang). 16 Plant Hormones and Initiation of Legume Nodulation and Arbuscular Mycorrhization (Arijit Mukherjee and Jean-Michel Ané). 17 Nitric Oxide as a Signal Molecule in Intracellular and Extracellular Bacteria-plant Interactions (Andrés Arruebarrena Di Palma, Lorenzo Lamattina, and Cecilia M. Creus). Index.
£188.06
John Wiley & Sons Inc Plant Biomass Conversion Biomass and Biofuels
Book SynopsisA whole host of motivations are driving the development of the renewables industry- ranging from the desire to develop sustainable energy resources to the reduction of dangerous greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming.Trade Review"Overall it gives very good insights on biomass feedstocks for all uses of biomass as well as fermentation technologies mainly for biofuels." (Encyclopedia of Industrial Biotechnology, 30 August 2011) Table of ContentsContributors xi Preface xiii 1 The Bioeconomy: A New Era of Products Derived from Renewable Plant-Based Feedstocks 3Peter Nelson, Elizabeth Hood, and Randall Powell 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Market Opportunity for Biofuels and Biobased Products 5 1.3 Feedstocks 6 1.3.1 Biobased Feedstock Availability and Issues 6 1.3.2 Characterization of Lignocellulosic Feedstocks 8 1.3.3 The Role of Agricultural Biotechnology 9 1.3.4 Biomass Agricultural Equipment Development 11 1.4 The Biochemical Technology Platform 11 1.5 Investment and Major Players 12 1.6 The Role of the Farmer 14 1.7 Opportunities for Rural Development 16 1.8 Environmental Benefits 17 1.9 Economic Comparison of the Biochemical and Thermochemical Technology Platforms 17 1.10 Conclusions and Future Prospects 18 References 19 2 Agricultural Residues 21James Hettenhaus 2.1 Introduction 21 2.1.1 Key Issues 22 2.2 Feedstock Supply 23 2.2.1 Residue Markets 26 2.2.2 Harvest Window 27 2.2.3 Residue Removal 27 2.2.4 Residue Management 28 2.2.5 Ag Equipment Needs 29 2.2.6 Operating Costs 33 2.2.7 Residue Nutrient Value 33 2.2.8 Land for Energy Crops 33 2.2.9 Farmer Outlook 34 2.2.10 Crop Research and Development 34 2.3 Feedstock Logistics 34 2.3.1 Bulk Density 35 2.3.2 Storage 36 2.3.3 Regional Biomass Processing Centers 43 2.4 Conclusion 48 Endnotes 49 References 49 3 Growing Systems for Traditional and New Forest-Based Materials 51Randall Rousseau, Janet Hawkes, Shijie Liu, and Tom Amidon 3.1 Introduction 51 3.2 Natural Regeneration 54 3.3 Overall Growing Systems 54 3.3.1 The Beginnings of Biomass Plantation Production 55 3.3.2 Short Rotation Woody Crops 56 3.3.3 Other Types of Hardwood Plantations 59 3.3.4 Southern Pine 61 3.4 New Genetic Tools 62 3.5 Agroforestry 63 3.6 Products from Woody Biomass 67 3.6.1 Hemicellulosic Products 69 3.6.2 Biorefineries Using Woody Biomass 71 3.6.3 Hot-Water Extraction of Hemicellulose 73 3.6.4 Wood Extracts: Processing and Conversion 75 3.6.5 Residual Solid Wood Biomass: Processing and Conversion of the wood mass after extraction, an example 78 3.7 Summary 78 References 78 4 Dedicated Herbaceous Energy Crops 85Keat (Thomas) Teoh, Shivakumar Pattada Devaiah, Deborah Vicuna Requesens, and Elizabeth E. Hood 4.1 Introduction 85 4.2 Miscanthus 85 4.2.1 Characteristics That Make Miscanthus a Potential Biomass Crop 87 4.2.2 Agronomy 87 4.3 Sweet Sorghum 90 4.3.1 Biology of Sweet Sorghum 92 4.3.2 Production 92 4.3.3 Potential Yields 94 4.3.4 Economic and Environmental Advantages of Sweet Sorghum 94 4.3.5 Production Challenges 96 4.4 Switchgrass 97 4.4.1 Physiology 97 4.4.2 Switchgrass Ecotypes 98 4.4.3 Advantages 98 4.4.4 Disadvantages 99 4.4.5 Yields 100 4.4.6 Switchgrass as a Bioenergy Crop 101 4.5 Conclusions and Future Prospects 101 References 104 5 Municipal Solid Waste as a Biomass Feedstock 109David J. Webster 5.1 Introduction 109 5.2 Definitions 110 5.2.1 Second-Generation Conversion Technologies for Biofuels 110 5.3 Disposal Infrastructure and Transfer Stations 110 5.3.1 Collection Practices 112 5.3.2 Cost Parameters 112 5.4 Waste Generation 113 5.5 Waste Characterization 114 5.5.1 Composition of Generated MSW Prior to Disposal or Processing 114 5.5.2 Landfilled Waste Compared to Waste Generation 115 5.5.3 Water in MSW 116 5.5.4 Heavy Metals in MSW 117 5.6 Preparing MSW for Conversion Processing—Mixed Waste Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs) 119 5.6.1 Presorting 121 5.6.2 Mechanical Sorting Operations 122 5.6.3 Manual Sorting Operations 123 5.6.4 Recovery Rates of the MRF System 123 5.7 Cellulosic Content of MSW 124 5.7.1 Glucose and Ethanol Yields from MSW 124 5.8 Framing the Potential 125 References 126 6 Water Sustainability in Biomass Cropping Systems 129Jennifer L. Bouldin and Rodney E. Wright 6.1 Introduction 129 6.2 Water Use in Bioenergy Production 130 6.3 Water Quality Issues in Bioenergy Crops 133 6.3.1 AGNPS Watershed Model 135 6.3.2 Water Quality and the Gulf Hypoxic Zone 138 6.4 Conclusions—Water Quantity and Quality 138 References 139 7 Soil Sustainability Issues in Energy Crop Production 143V. Steven Green 7.1 Soil Sustainability Concepts 143 7.2 Bioenergy Crops and Soil Sustainability 145 7.2.1 Crop Residues 145 7.2.2 Dedicated Energy Crops 146 7.3 Resource Use in Biomass Production 149 7.3.1 Water and Soil 149 7.3.2 Land Use 150 7.4 Soil Sustainability Solutions 150 7.5 Conclusion 154 References 154 8 Fermentation Organisms for 5- and 6-Carbon Sugars 157Nicholas Dufour, Jeffrey Swana, and Reeta P. Rao 8.1 Introduction 157 8.2 Fermentation 159 8.3 Metabolic Pathways 160 8.4 Fermenting Species 161 8.4.1 Brief Description of Major Species 175 8.5 Other Relevant Products 180 8.6 Summary 183 Endnotes 183 References 184 9 Pretreatment Options 199Bradley A. Saville 9.1 Overview of Pretreatment Technologies 199 9.1.1 History 199 9.1.2 Mechanistic Assessment of Pretreatment 200 9.1.3 Severity Factor Concept 203 9.2 Pretreatment Classification 205 9.2.1 Mechanical Pretreatment Processes 206 9.2.2 Chemical Pretreatment Processes 206 9.2.3 Thermochemical Pretreatment Processes 209 9.2.4 Impact on Moisture Content and Hydraulic Load 210 9.3 Laboratory vs. Commercial Scale Pretreatment—What Do We Really Know? 211 9.3.1 Laboratory Studies 211 9.3.2 Pilot/Demonstration Scale Studies 211 9.3.3 Limitations of Laboratory-Scale Comparisons of Pretreatment Methods 214 9.4 Process Issues and Trade-Offs 215 9.4.1 Inhibitors 215 9.4.2 Hydrolysis Efficiency and Enzyme Loadings 218 9.4.3 Solvent/Catalyst Recovery 218 9.4.4 Viscosity Reduction and Hydraulic Load 218 9.5 Economics 220 9.6 Conclusions 224 References 224 10 Enzyme Production Systems for Biomass Conversion 227John A. Howard, Zivko Nikolov, and Elizabeth E. Hood 10.1 Introduction 227 10.2 The Challenge: Volume and Cost of Enzymes Required 227 10.3 Theoretical Ways to Address the Challenge of Quantity of Enzyme and Cost Requirements 228 10.3.1 Increase Susceptibility for Biomass Deconstruction 229 10.3.2 Decrease Exogenous Enzyme Load 231 10.3.3 Increase Accumulation of Enzymes in Production Host 236 10.4 Cost of Producing Exogenous Enzymes 240 10.4.1 Cost Analysis 242 10.5 Summary and Future Prospects 245 References 246 11 Fermentation-Based Biofuels 255Randy Kramer and Helene Belanger 11.1 Introduction 255 11.2 First-Generation Biofuels 256 11.2.1 Starch-Based Ethanol—United States 256 11.2.2 Sugar-Based Ethanol—Brazil 257 11.2.3 Biodiesel 258 11.3 Policy and Biofuel Implementation Status 260 11.3.1 North America 260 11.3.2 South America 262 11.3.3 Europe 262 11.3.4 Asia 263 11.4 Second-Generation Biofuels 265 11.4.1 Cellulosic Ethanol 265 11.4.2 Biobutanol 268 11.5 Issues for Biofuels Commercial Success 269 11.5.1 Transport by Pipeline 269 11.5.2 Decentralized Production and Local Distribution 270 11.5.3 Optimized Engine Performance 271 11.5.4 Value of Biorefinery Co-products 272 11.6 Summary 272 References 272 12 Biobased Chemicals and Polymers 275Randall W. Powell, Clare Elton, Ross Prestidge, and Helene Belanger 12.1 Introduction 275 12.2 Biobased Feedstock Components 276 12.3 Biomass Conversion Technologies 277 12.3.1 Technology Platforms Overview 277 12.3.2 Lignocellulose Fractionation Overview 279 12.4 Biobased Products 287 12.4.1 Oil-Based Products 287 12.4.2 Sugar/Starch-Based Products 289 12.4.3 Polymer Products 293 12.4.4 Lignin Products 299 12.5 Summary 303 References 304 13 Carbon Offset Potential of Biomass-Based Energy 311Gauri-Shankar Guha 13.1 Emerging Public Interest in Carbon 311 13.1.1 Overview 311 13.1.2 Initiatives to Address Anthropogenic Climate Change 311 13.1.3 GHG Mitigation and Carbon Sequestration Strategies 314 13.2 Theory of Carbon Markets 314 13.2.1 Tradable Permits and the Market for Emissions 314 13.2.2 Concept of Carbon Markets 315 13.2.3 Demand and Supply of Carbon Credits 316 13.3 Creation of Carbon Markets 317 13.3.1 Carbon Credits 317 13.3.2 Global Carbon Trade 318 13.3.3 Carbon Trading in the United States 318 13.3.4 The CCX Offset Program 318 13.4 Role of Biomass-Based Energy in Carbon Markets 319 13.4.1 Economic Significance of Bioenergy 319 13.4.2 Bioenergy Policies, Practices, and Trends 321 13.4.3 Carbon Offset Opportunities for Biofuels 323 13.5 Prognosis of Carbon Markets 324 References 325 14 Biofuel Economics 329Daniel Klein-Marcuschamer, Brad Holmes, Blake A. Simmons, and Harvey W. Blanch 14.1 Introduction 329 14.2 Production Processes 330 14.3 Biomass Transportation and Handling 331 14.4 Conversion of Biomass into Sugars 332 14.5 Conversion of Sugars into Biofuels 335 14.6 Separation and Purification 337 14.7 Co-product Handling 337 14.8 Major Cost Drivers 338 14.8.1 Biomass-Associated Costs 338 14.8.2 Capital Expenses 340 14.8.3 Operating Costs 342 14.9 Risks 343 14.10 Policy Support 345 14.11 Infrastructure and Vehicle Modifications 346 14.12 Conclusions 347 14.13 Acknowledgments 348 References 348 Index 355
£180.86
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Nanotechnology Research Methods for Food and
Book SynopsisFood nanotechnology is an expanding field. This expansion is based on the advent of new technologies for nanostructure characterization, visualization, and construction. Nanotechnology Research Methods for Food and Bioproducts introduces the reader to a selection of the most widely used techniques in food and bioproducts nanotechnology.Table of ContentsForeword xi Contributors xiii 1 Introduction 1 Graciela W. Padua References 3 2 Material components for nanostructures 5 Graciela W. Padua and Panadda Nonthanum 2.1 Introduction 5 2.2 Self-assembly 6 2.3 Proteins and peptides 8 2.3.1 Amyloidogenic proteins 8 2.3.2 Collagen 9 2.3.3 Gelatin 9 2.3.4 Caseins 10 2.3.5 Wheat gluten 10 2.3.6 Zein 10 2.3.7 Eggshell membranes 10 2.3.8 Bovine serum albumin 11 2.3.9 Enzymes 11 2.4 Carbohydrates 11 2.4.1 Cyclodextrins 11 2.4.2 Cellulose whiskers 12 2.5 Protein–polysaccharides 13 2.6 Liquid crystals 14 2.7 Inorganic materials 14 References 15 3 Self-assembled nanostructures 19 Qin Wang and Boce Zhang 3.1 Introduction 19 3.2 Self-assembly 20 3.2.1 Introduction 20 3.2.2 Micelles 20 3.2.3 Fibers 21 3.2.4 Tubes 23 3.3 Layer-by-layer assembly 24 3.3.1 Introduction 24 3.3.2 Nanofilms on planar surfaces from LbL 25 3.3.3 Nanocoatings from LbL 27 3.3.4 Hollow nanocapsules from LbL 28 3.4 Nanoemulsions 29 3.4.1 Introduction 29 3.4.2 High-energy nanoemulsification methods 30 3.4.3 Low-energy nanoemulsification methods 31 3.4.4 Nanoparticles generated from different nanoemulsions and their applications 33 References 34 4 Nanocomposites 41 Graciela W. Padua, Panadda Nonthanum and Amit Arora 4.1 Introduction 41 4.2 Polymer nanocomposites 42 4.3 Nanocomposite formation 43 4.4 Structure characterization 44 4.5 Biobased nanocomposites 45 4.5.1 Starch nanocomposites 46 4.5.2 Pectin nanocomposites 46 4.5.3 Cellulose nanocomposites 47 4.5.4 Polylactic acid nanocomposites 47 4.5.5 Protein nanocomposites 48 4.6 Conclusion 50 References 50 5 Nanotechnology-enabled delivery systems for food functionalization and fortification 55 Rashmi Tiwari and Paul Takhistov 5.1 Introduction: functional foods 55 5.2 Food matrix and food micro-structure 56 5.3 Target compounds: nutraceuticals 58 5.3.1 Solubility and bioavailability of nutraceuticals 60 5.3.2 Interaction of nutraceuticals with food matrix 61 5.4 Delivery systems 64 5.4.1 Overcoming biological barriers 64 5.4.2 Nano-scale delivery systems 65 5.4.3 Types/design principles 67 5.4.4 Modes of action 69 5.5 Examples of nanoscale delivery systems for food functionalization 72 5.5.1 Liposomes 72 5.5.2 Nano-cochleates 74 5.5.3 Hydrogels-based nanoparticles 75 5.5.4 Micellar systems 75 5.5.5 Dendrimers 77 5.5.6 Polymeric nanoparticles 78 5.5.7 Nanoemulsions 80 5.5.8 Lipid nanoparticles 81 5.5.9 Nanocrystalline particles 83 5.6 Conclusions 85 References 85 6 Scanning electron microscopy 103 Yi Wang and Vania Petrova 6.1 Background 103 6.1.1 Introduction to the scanning electron microscope 103 6.1.2 Why electrons? 104 6.1.3 Electron–target interaction 104 6.1.4 Secondary electrons (SEs) 105 6.1.5 Backscattered electrons (BSEs) 106 6.1.6 Characteristic X-rays 107 6.1.7 Overview of the SEM 107 6.1.8 Electron sources 108 6.1.9 Lenses and apertures 109 6.1.10 Electron beam scanning 109 6.1.11 Lens aberrations 110 6.1.12 Vacuum 111 6.1.13 Conductive coatings 111 6.1.14 Environmental SEMs (ESEMs) 111 6.2 Applications 111 6.2.1 Zein microstructures 112 6.2.2 Controlled magnifications 115 6.2.3 Nanoparticles 117 6.3 Limitations 119 6.3.1 Radiation damage 120 6.3.2 Contamination 122 6.3.3 Charging 124 References 126 7 Transmission electron microscopy 127 Changhui Lei 7.1 Background 127 7.2 Instrumentations and applications 128 7.2.1 Interactions between incident beam and specimen 129 7.2.2 Conventional TEM 130 7.2.3 Scanning TEM 136 7.2.4 Analytical electron microscopy 139 7.3 Sample preparations 142 7.4 Limitations 143 References 143 8 Dynamic light scattering 145 Leilei Yin 8.1 The principle of dynamic light scattering 145 8.2 Photon correlation spectroscopy 151 8.3 DLS apparatus 152 8.4 DLS data analysis 156 8.4.1 Multiple-decay methods 158 8.4.2 Regularization methods 158 8.4.3 Maximum-entropy method 159 8.4.4 Cumulant method 159 References 160 9 X-ray diffraction 163 Yi Wang and Phillip H. Geil 9.1 Background 163 9.1.1 Introduction 163 9.1.2 Classical X-ray setup 165 9.1.3 X-ray sources 165 9.1.4 X-ray detectors 168 9.1.5 Wide-angle X-ray scattering and small-angle X-ray scattering 169 9.2 Applications 169 9.2.1 Example: X-ray characterization of zein–fatty acid films 170 9.2.2 Temperature-controlled WAXS 176 References 179 10 Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation 181 Boce Zhang and Qin Wang 10.1 Background and principles 181 10.2 Instrumentation and data analysis 183 10.2.1 Sensors 183 10.2.2 Data analysis 184 10.3 Applications 185 10.4 Advantages 190 References 192 11 Focused ion beams 195 Yi Wang 11.1 Background 195 11.1.1 Introduction to the focused ion beam system 195 11.1.2 Overview of the FIB 196 11.1.3 Ion beam production 196 11.1.4 Ion–target interaction 198 11.1.5 Basic functions of the FIB system 199 11.1.6 SEM and SIM 200 11.1.7 SEM and FIB combined system 201 11.1.8 3D nanotomography with application of real-time imaging during FIB milling 201 11.1.9 3D nanostructure fabrication by FIB 202 11.2 Applications 202 11.2.1 Polymers 202 11.2.2 Biological products 203 11.2.3 Example: self-assembled protein structures 203 11.3 Limitations 207 References 214 12 X-ray computerized microtomography 215 Leilei Yin 12.1 Introduction 215 12.2 X-ray generation 215 12.3 X-ray images 217 12.4 X-ray micro-CT systems 220 12.5 Data reconstructions 226 12.6 Artifacts in micro-CT images 228 12.6.1 Ring artifacts 229 12.6.2 Center errors 230 12.6.3 Beam-hardening artifacts 230 12.6.4 Phase-contrast artifacts 231 12.7 A couple of issues in X-ray micro-CT practice 232 12.7.1 The spatial resolution, and associated issues of contrast and field of view 232 12.7.2 Localized imaging and sample-size reduction 232 References 233 Index 235 A color plate section falls between pages 194 and 195
£171.86
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Improving Water and NutrientUse Efficiency in
Book SynopsisImproving Water and Nutrient Use Efficiency in Food Production Systems provides professionals, students, and policy makers with anin-depth view of various aspects of water and nutrient us in crop production. The book covers topics related to global economic, political, and social issues related to food production and distribution, describes various strategies and mechanisms that increase water and nutrient use efficiency, and review te curren situation and potential improvements in major food-producing systems on each continent. The book also deals with problems experienced by developed countries separtaely from problems facing developing countries. Improving Water and Nutrient Use Efficiency emphasizes judicious water and nutrient management which is aimed at maximising water and nutrient utilisation in the agricultural landscape, and minimising undesirable nutrient losses to the environment.Table of ContentsContributors vii Preface xi 1 Current State and Future Potential of Global Food Production and Consumption 3Christine Heumesser, Simon Thaler, Martin Schönhart, and Erwin Schmid 2 Water Resources and Global Change 21Martin Wegehenkel 3 Translating Water into Food: How Water Cycles in Natural and Agricultural Landscapes 33Andrzej Kędziora and Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz 4 Nutrients as Limited Resources: Global Trends in Fertilizer Production and Use 57Patrick Heffer and Michel Prud’homme 5 The Flow of Phosphorus in Food Production and Consumption Systems 79Tina-Simone S. Neset, Dana Cordell, and Lotta Andersson 6 Matching Soil Nutrient Supply and Crop Demand during the Growing Season 93Terry Rose and Bill Bowden 7 Physiology of Nitrogen-Use Efficiency 105Al Imran Malik and Zed Rengel 8 Improving Crop Nitrogen Use in Dryland Farming: Interactions and Potential Trade-offs between Water- and Nutrient-Use Efficiency 123Trevor P. Garnett and Greg J. Rebetzke 9 Breeding Approaches to Increasing Water-Use Efficiency 145Lianne Merchuk and Yehoshua Saranga 10 Breeding Approaches to Increasing Nutrient-Use Efficiency: Examples from Common Beans 161Matthew W. Blair 11 Using Simulation Modeling of Root Growth and Function as an Aid in Breeding for Increased Water- and Nutrient-Use Efficiency 177Art J. Diggle and Vanessa M. Dunbabin 12 Improving Crop Production in the Arid Mediterranean Climate 187Sven-Erik Jacobsen, Christian Richardt Jensen, and Fulai Liu 13 Agronomic Principles of Water- and Nutrient-Use Efficiency: Case Studies in Dryland Grain Production in Australia 211John A. Kirkegaard and Michael J. Robertson 14 Use of Organic Fertilizers Alone or in Combination with Inorganic Ones: Effects on Water- and Nutrient-Use Efficiency in Indian Farming Systems 235Cherkumalli Srinivasarao, Bandi Venkateswarlu, Dattatreya Mahabaleswara Hegde, K. Venkateswara Rao, and Sumanta Kundu 15 Current Status and Future Perspectives to Increase Nutrientand Water-Use Efficiency in Food Production Systems in China 263Mingsheng Fan, Xiying Zhang, Lixing Yuan, Weifeng Zhang, and Fusuo Zhang 16 Water- and Nutrient-Use Efficiency in Food Production in South America 275Nand K. Fageria and Luís F. Stone Index 297
£171.86
John Wiley and Sons Ltd The Molecular Biology and Biochemistry of Fruit
Book SynopsisA comprehensive and mechanistic perspective on fruit ripening, emphasizing commonalities and differences between fruit groups and ripening processes. Fruits are an essential part of the human diet and contain important phytochemicals that provide protection against heart disease and cancers.Table of ContentsContents List of Contributors ix Preface xi Chapter 1 Biochemistry of Fruit Ripening 1 Sonia Osorio and Alisdair R. Fernie Introduction 1 Central Carbon Metabolism 4 Ethylene in Ripening 7 Polyamines 9 Volatiles 10 Cell Wall Metabolism 11 Concluding Remarks 13 References 13 Chapter 2 Fruit—An Angiosperm Innovation 21 Sandra Knapp and Amy Litt Introduction 21 Fruit in the Fossil Record 30 Fruit Variation and Angiosperm Phylogeny 32 Fruit Development 33 Fruit as a Driver of Angiosperm Diversity 36 Acknowledgments 38 References 38 Chapter 3 Ethylene and the Control of Fruit Ripening 43 Don Grierson Introduction 43 Ethylene and Climacteric and Nonclimacteric Fruits 46 A Molecular Explanation for System-1 and System-2 Ethylene 48 Ethylene and Ripening Gene Networks in Flower and Fruit Development 53 Ethylene Perception and Signaling 54 Ethylene Response Factors 60 Ethylene and Ripening Gene Expression 60 Conclusions 67 Acknowledgments 68 References 68 Chapter 4 Carotenoid Biosynthesis and Chlorophyll Degradation 75 Peter M. Bramley Introduction 75 Distribution of Carotenoids and Chlorophylls in Fruit 75 Chlorophyll Degradation and Recycling 78 Carotenoids and Carotenoid Metabolites 82 Future Perspectives 100 Acknowledgments 102 Bibliography 102 Chapter 5 Phenylpropanoid Metabolism and Biosynthesis of Anthocyanins 117 Laura Jaakola Introduction 117 Cinnamic Acids 119 Monolignols, Lignans, and Lignin 120 Coumarins 120 Stilbenoids 122 Flavonoids 122 Engineering Elevated Levels of Flavonoids and Other Phenylpropanoids 128 Conclusion 129 References 129 Chapter 6 Biosynthesis of Volatile Compounds 135 Antonio Granell and Jose Luis Rambla Introduction 135 Metabolic Pathways 136 Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci for Volatiles 152 Metabolic Engineering of the Fruit Volatile Pathways 153 Future Perspectives 154 References 155 Chapter 7 Cell Wall Architecture and Metabolism in Ripening Fruit and the Complex Relationship with Softening 163 Eliel Ruiz-May and Jocelyn K.C. Rose Introduction 163 Building Blocks of Fruit Cell Walls 164 The Architecture of Fruit Cell Walls 168 Cell Wall Dynamics in Ripening Fruit 171 The Cuticular Cell Wall and Fruit Softening 177 Summary 179 Acknowledgments 180 References 180 Chapter 8 Regulatory Networks Controlling Ripening 189 Betsy Ampopho, Natalie Chapman, Graham B. Seymour, and James J. Giovannoni Hormonal Control 189 Genetic Networks 191 Epigenetic Regulation 200 References 201 Index 207
£166.46
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Mycotoxin Reduction in Grain Chains
Book SynopsisCereal grain safety from farm to table Mycotoxin Reduction in Grain Chains examines the ways in which food producers, inspectors, and processors can keep our food supply safe. Providing guidance on identification, eradication, and prevention at each stop on the grain chain?, this book is an invaluable resource for anyone who works with cereal grains. Discussions include breeding and crop management, chemical control, contamination prediction, and more for maize, wheat, sorghum, rice, and other major grains. Relevant and practical in the field, the lab, and on the production floor, this book features critical guidance for every point from farm to table.Trade Review“Mycotoxin reduction in grain chainsis a very helpful book both as a reference work for those involved in the fields of mycotoxins or cereal production as well as a good introduction for those who would like to start in that areas. The format of the book presenting and discussing microbiological, analytical, pre-harvest and postharvest techniques is extremely convenient. The book emphasises on current technologies which are increasingly applied for cereals but does also provides a picture of upcoming trends.” (World Mycotoxin Journal, 1 February 2015)Table of ContentsList of Contributors xiii Preface xix Chapter 1 An Introduction to the MycoRed Project 1 Antonio F. Logrieco and Angelo Visconti Part I The Maize Grain Chain 9 Chapter 2 Identification of Toxigenic Aspergillus and Fusarium Species in the Maize Grain Chain 11 Deepak Bhatnagar, Gary Payne, Maren Klich, and John F. Leslie Chapter 3 Determination of Mycotoxins in Maize 26 Gordon S. Shephard Chapter 4 Breeding Maize for Resistance to Mycotoxins 37 Alessandra Lanubile, Valentina Maschietto, and Adriano Marocco Chapter 5 Crop Management Practices to Minimize the Risk of Mycotoxins Contamination in Temperate-Zone Maize 59 Gary Munkvold Chapter 6 Best Stored Maize Management Practices for the Prevention of Mycotoxin Contamination 78 Lakshmikantha H. Channaiah and Dirk E. Maier Chapter 7 Good Food-Processing Techniques: Stability of Mycotoxins in Processed Maize-Based Foods 89 Lloyd B. Bullerman and Andreia Bianchini Chapter 8 Mycotoxin Reduction in Animal Diets 101 Didier Jans, Katia Pedrosa, Dian Schatzmayr, Gérard Bertin, and Bertrand Grenier Chapter 9 Physical and Chemical Methods for Mycotoxin Decontamination in Maize 116 Bertrand Grenier, Ana-Paula Loureiro-Bracarense, John F. Leslie, and Isabelle P. Oswald Chapter 10 Aflatoxin B1 Chemoprevention Strategies in Countries with Frequent Exposure to Mycotoxins 130 Paul C. Turner Part II The Wheat Grain Chain 149 Chapter 11 Identification of Fusarium spp. and Penicillium verrucosum in the Wheat Grain Chain 151 Antonio Moretti, Cees Waalwijk, and Rolf Geisen Chapter 12 Analytical Methods for Mycotoxins in theWheat Chain 169 John Gilbert and Michelangelo Pascale Chapter 13 Breeding for Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight in Wheat 189 Ákos Mesterházy Chapter 14 Good Agricultural and Harvest Practices to Reduce Mycotoxin Contamination inWheat in Temperate Countries 209 Barry J. Jacobsen Chapter 15 Good Management Practices for Minimizing the Risk of Fusarium Head Blight and Mycotoxin Contamination in Nontraditional Warmer Wheat-Growing Areas 220 Etienne Duveiller, Monica Mezzalama, and Anne Legreve Chapter 16 Chemical Control of Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat 232 Ákos Mesterházy Chapter 17 Predicting Mycotoxin Contamination in Wheat 248 Erick de Wolf and Pierce A. Paul Chapter 18 Good Postharvest Storage Practices for Wheat Grain 258 Naresh Magan, David Aldred, and Esther S. Baxter Part III Other Grain Chains 269 Chapter 19 Good Food and Feed Processing Techniques 271 Assunta Raiola and Alberto Ritieni Chapter 20 Mycotoxins in the Sorghum Grain Chain 282 John F. Leslie Chapter 21 Toxigenic Fungi and Mycotoxins in the Rice Grain Chain and Strategies to Reduce Them 297 Baharuddin Salleh, Yin-Won Lee, Farhana Nazira Idris, and Bahruddin Saad Chapter 22 Global Risk Maps for Mycotoxins in Wheat and Maize 309 Paola Battilani and Antonio F. Logrieco Index 327
£161.06
John Wiley and Sons Ltd planttransformationtechnologiesplanttransformation
Book SynopsisPlant Transformation Technologies is a comprehensive, authoritative book focusing on cutting-edge plant biotechnologies, offering in-depth, forward-looking information on methods for controlled and accurate genetic engineering.Trade Review“Books such as this are invaluable for any laboratory that performs recombinant technology in plants and come not only highly recommended, but are essential reading for all molecular biology students.” (The Quarterly Review of Biology, 1 September 2012) Table of ContentsContributors. Preface. SECTION 1 Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation. Chapter 1 Host Factors Involved in Genetic Transformation of Plant Cells by Agrobacterium (BENOˆIT LACROIX, ADI ZALTSMAN, AND VITALY CITOVSKY). Chapter 2 Genomics of Agrobacterium–Plant Interaction: An Approach to Refine the Plant Transformation Technology (AJITH ANAND, ZARIR E. VAGHCHHIPAWALA, AND KIRANKUMAR S. MYSORE). SECTION 2 Other Transformation Technologies. Chapter 3 Particle Bombardment: An Established Weapon in the Arsenal of Plant Biotechnologists (THEODORE M. KLEIN). Chapter 4 A Novel Gene Delivery System in Plants with Calcium Alginate Micro-Beads (NAOKI WADA, SHIN’ICHIRO KAJIYAMA, NARUEMON KHEMKLADNGOEN, AND KIICHI FUKUI). Chapter 5 Pollen Transformation Technologies (TATIANA RESCH AND ALISHER TOURAEV). Chapter 6 Intragenic Vectors and Marker-Free Transformation: Tools for a Greener Biotechnology (CAIUS M. ROMMENS, ANTHONY CONNER, HUA YAN, AND ZAC HANLEY). Chapter 7 Visualizing Transgene Expression (JOHN J. FINER). SECTION 3 Vectors, Promoters, and Other Tools for Plant Transformation. Chapter 8 Current State and Perspective of Binary Vectors and Superbinary Vectors (TOSHIYUKI KOMORI AND TOSHIHIKO KOMARI). Chapter 9 Novel Dual Binary Vectors (pCLEAN) for Plant Transformation (PHILIPPE VAIN). Chapter 10 pORE Modular Vectors for Plant Transformation (DWAYNE D. HEGEDUS). Chapter 11 pANIC: A Versatile Set of Gateway-Compatible Vectors for Gene Overexpression and RNAi-Mediated Down-Regulation in Monocots (DAVID G.J. MANN, PETER R. LAFAYETTE, LAURA L. ABERCROMBIE, WAYNE A. PARROTT, AND C. NEAL STEWART, JR.). SECTION 4 Transgene Integration, Stability, Methylation, Silencing. Chapter 12 Understanding and Avoiding Transgene Silencing (MICHAEL W. GRAHAM, STEPHEN R. MUDGE, PETER R. STERNES, AND ROBERT G. BIRCH). Chapter 13 Site-Specific Recombination for Precise and “Clean” Transgene Integration in Plant Genome (VIBHA SRIVASTAVA AND DAVID W. OW). SECTION 5 Selection Systems, Marker-Free Transformation. Chapter 14 Selectable Marker Genes: Types and Interactions (BRIAN MIKI, ASHRAF ABDEEN, YUZUKI MANABE, SOUAD EL OUAKFAOUI, DOUGLAS A. JOHNSON, LORETA GUDYNAITE-SAVITCH, MING HU, AND PHIL MACDONALD). Chapter 15 Transformation Methods for Obtaining Marker-Free Genetically Modified Plants (JAN G. SCHAART, FRANS A. KRENS, ANNE-MARIE A. WOLTERS, AND RICHARD G.F. VISSER). Chapter 16 Intellectual Property Aspects of Plant Transformation (JIM M. DUNWELL). Index. Color Plate between pages 82 and 83.
£999.99
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Plant Tropisms
Book SynopsisTropisms, the defined vectorial stimuli, such as gravity, light, touch, humidity gradients, ions, oxygen, and temperature, which provide guidance for plant organ growth, is a rapidly growing and changing field. The last few years have witnessed a true renaissance in the analysis of tropisms.Table of ContentsContributors. Preface. 1. Mechanisms of Gravity Perception in Higher Plants: Aline H. Valster and Elison B. Blancaflor. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Identification and characterization of gravity perception sites in plant organs. 1.2.1 Roots. 1.2.2 Hypocotyls and inflorescence stems (dicotyledons). 1.2.3 Cereal pulvini (monocotyledons). 1.3 The Starch-statolith hypothesis. 1.3.1 A variety of plant organs utilize sedimenting amyloplasts to sense gravity. 1.3.2 Amyloplast sedimentation is influenced by the environment and developmental stage of the plant. 1.4 The gravitational pressure model for gravity sensing. 1.5 The cytoskeleton in gravity perception. 1.6 Concluding remarks and future prospects. 1.7 Acknowledgment. 1.8 Literature Cited. 2. Signal Transduction in Gravitropism: Benjamin R. Harrison, Miyo T. Morita, Patrick H. Masson and Masao Tasaka. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Gravity signal transduction in roots and above-ground organs. 2.2.1 Do mechano-sensitive ion channels function as gravity receptors?. 2.2.2 Inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate seems to function in gravity signal transduction. 2.2.3 Do pH changes contribute to gravity signal transduction?. 2.2.4 Proteins implicated in gravity signal transduction. 2.2.5 Global ‘-omic’ approaches to the study of root gravitropism. 2.2.6 Re-localization of auxin transport facilitators or activity regulation?. 2.2.7 Could cytokinin also contribute to the gravitropic signal?. 2.3 Gravity signal transduction in organs that do not grow vertically. 2.4 Acknowledgments. 2.5 Cited Literature. 3. Auxin Transport and the Integration of Gravitropic Growth: Gloria K. Muday and Abidur Rahman. 3.1 Introduction to auxins. 3.2 Auxin transport and its role in plant gravity response. 3.3 Approaches to Identify Proteins that Mediate IAA Efflux. 3.4 Proteins that Mediate IAA Efflux. 3.5 IAA influx carriers and their role in gravitropism. 3.6 Regulation of IAA efflux protein location and activity during gravity response. 3.6.1 Mechanisms that may control localization of IAA efflux carriers. 3.6.2 Regulation of IAA efflux by synthesis and degradation of efflux carriers. 3.6.3 Regulation of auxin transport by reversible protein phosphorylation. 3.6.4 Regulation of auxin transport by flavonoids. 3.6.5 Regulation of auxin transport by other signaling pathways. 3.6.6 Regulation of gravity response by ethylene. 3.7 Overview of the mechanisms of auxin induced growth. 3.8 Conclusions. 3.9 Acknowledgements. 3.10 Cited Literature. 4. Phototropism and its Relationship to Gravitropism: Jack L. Mullen and John Z. Kiss. 4.1 Phototropism: General Description and Distribution. 4.2 Light Perception. 4.3 Signal Transduction and Growth Response. 4.4 Interactions with Gravitropism. 4.5 Importance to Plant Form and Function. 4.6 Conclusions and outlook. 4.7 References. 5. Touch Sensing and Thigmotropism: Gabriele B. Monshausen, Sarah J. Swanson and Simon Gilroy. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Plant mechanoresponses. 5.2.1 Specialized touch responses. 5.2.2 Thigmomorphogenesis and thigmotropism. 5.3 General principles of touch perception. 5.3.1 Gating through membrane tension: the mechanoreceptor for hypoosmotic stress in bacteria, MscL. 5.3.2 Gating through tethers: the mechanoreceptor for gentle touch in Caenorhabditis elegans. 5.3.3 Evidence for mechanically gated ion channels in plants. 5.4 Signal transduction in Touch & Gravity Perception. 5.4.1 Ionic signaling. 5.4.2 Ca2+ signaling in the touch and gravity response. 5.5 Insights from transcriptional profiling. 5.6 Interaction of touch and gravity signaling/response. 5.7 Conclusion and Perspectives. 5.8 Acknowledgements. 5.9 Cited Literature. 6. Other Tropisms and their Relationship to Gravitropism: Gladys I. Cassab. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Hydrotropism. 6.2.1 Early studies of hydrotoprism. 6.2.2 Genetic analysis of hydrotropism. 6.2.3 Perception of moisture gradients and gravity stimuli by the root cap and the curvature response. 6.2.4 ABA and the hydrotropic response. 6.2.5 Future experiments. 6.3 Electrotropism. 6.4 Chemotropism. 6.5 Thermotropism and oxytropism. 6.6 Traumatropism. 6.7 Overview. 6.8 Acknowledgments. 6.9 Literature cited. 7. Single-Cell Gravitropism and Gravitaxis: Markus Braun and Ruth Hemmersbach. Introduction. 7.1 Definitions of responses to environmental stimuli that optimize the ecological fitness of single-cell organisms. 7.2 Occurrence and significance of gravitaxis in single-cell systems. 7.3 Significance of gravitropism in single-cell systems. 7.4 What makes a cell a biological gravity sensor?. 7.5 Gravity susception - the initial physical step of gravity sensing. 7.6 Susception in the statolith-based systems of Chara. 7.7 Susception in the statolith-based system Loxodes. 7.8 Susception in the protoplast-based systems of Euglena and Paramecium. 7.9 Graviperception in the statolith-based systems of Chara. 7.10 Graviperception in the statolith-based system Loxodes. 7.11 Graviperception in the protoplast-based systems Paramecium and Euglena. 7.12 Signal transduction pathways and graviresponse mechanisms in the statolith-based systems of Chara. 7.13 Signal transduction pathways and graviresponse mechanisms in Euglena and Paramecium. 7.14 Conclusions. 7.15 Acknowledgements. 7.18 Cited Literature. 8. Space-Based Research on Plant Tropisms: Melanie J. Correll and John Z. Kiss. 8.1 Introduction - the variety of plant movements. 8.2 The microgravity environment. 8.3 Ground-based studies: mitigating the effects of gravity. 8.4 Gravitropism. 8.4.1 Gravitropism: gravity perception. 8.4.2 Gravitropism: signal transduction. 8.4.3 Gravitropism: the curving response. 8.5 Phototropism. 8.6 Hydrotropism, autotropism and oxytropism. 8.7 Studies of other plant movements in microgravity. 8.8 Spaceflight hardware used to study tropisms. 8.9 Future outlook and prospects. 8.10 Cited Literature. . 9. Plan(t)s for Space Exploration: Christopher S. Brown, Heike Winter Sederoff, Eric Davies, Robert J. Ferl, and Bratislav Stankovic. Introduction. 9.1 Human missions to space. 9.2 Life support. 9.3 Genomics and space exploration. 9.4 Nanotechnology. 9.5 Sensors, biosensors and intelligent machines. 9.6 Plan(t)s for space exploration. 9.7 Imagine…. 9.8 Literature cited
£223.16
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Flowering Plant Embryology
Book Synopsis* Details the study of structures and processes involved in sexual reproduction in plants * Focuses on economically important species * Presents research and hypotheses with the added benefit of definition of technical terms.Table of Contents1. Introduction. 2. Stamen and Androecium. 3. Pollen Development—Theme and Variations. 4. Pollen Development—Details of Stages. 5. Carpel and Gynoecium. 6. Ovule and Embryo Sac. 7. Pollination and Pollen-Stigma Interaction. 8. Pollen Germination, pollen Tube Growth, and Double Fertilization. 9. Endosperm. 10. The Embryo
£121.46
Syracuse University Press Science Technology and Irish Modernism
Book SynopsisBrings together scholars of Irish modernism to challenge the stereotype that Irish literature has been unconcerned with scientific and technological change. By focusing on writers' often-ignored interest in science and technology, this book uncovers shared concerns that challenge us to rethink how we categorize and periodize Irish literature.
£26.36
Animal Cloning
Book Synopsis
£33.96
University of Arizona Press The Desert Bighorn
£24.71
University of Arizona Press Discovering the Desert
£22.91
University of Arizona Press Out of Nature
£18.66
University of Arizona Press Battle Against Extinction
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£40.50
University of Minnesota Press Improper Life Technology and Biopolitics from
Book SynopsisHow biopolitics can get beyond its obsession with deathTrade Review"Broadening biopower beyond its Nazi encampments in order to build a critique of liberalism, Timothy C. Campbell argues that modern politics captures life through invasive technologies of communication and consumption that promise protection from mortality, disability, boredom, and loneliness. Campbell links mass media and bioengineering to the birth of a global petty bourgeoisie defined by a terrifying lack of distance and the relentless dismantling of community. This compelling, powerfully argued book should be read by anyone interested in the futures of collective life in the age of smart bombs and cloud computing." —Julia Reinhard Lupton, author of Thinking with Shakespeare: Essays on Politics and LifeTable of ContentsContentsPreface: Bíos between Thanatos and Technē1. Divisions of the Proper: Heidegger, Technology, and the Biopolitical2. The Dispositifs of Thanatopolitics: Improper Writing and Life 3. Barely Breathing: Sloterdijk’s Immunitary Biopolitics4. Practicing Bíos: Attention and Play as TechnēNotesIndex
£19.79
University of Minnesota Press The Slumbering Masses Sleep Medicine and Modern
Book SynopsisTrade Review"A groundbreaking contribution to our understanding of sleep and its manifold discontents. With scrupulous care, Matthew Wolf-Meyer probes the current state of sleep medicine as well as its absorbing history. At a time when modern society’s dependence on sleeping pills and plush bedding has never been greater, The Slumbering Masses is all the more welcome for its ambitious compass and penetrating insights." —A. Roger Ekirch, author of At Day’s Close: Night in Times Past "The Slumbering Masses is a fascinating account of the ordering and disordering of sleep as an institutional and individual phenomenon in modern America. Wolf-Meyer brings us into the lives of people struggling—at work, at home, and in clinics—to align their nights and days with the abstract demands of sleep as a biomedical form and social norm. He takes us into the past, too—expertly laying to rest fantasies of a prelapsarian agrarian lifestyle—and into the future—investigating how global sleep patterns have started to stagger and syncopate in response to advanced capitalism. Wolf-Meyer teaches us that sleep has a social life, and a restless one at that." —Stefan Helmreich, MIT"A deconstruction of current preconceptions about sleep. Wolf-Meyer (Anthropology/Univ. of California, Santa Cruz) challenges the notion, promulgated by the medical community and pharmaceutical companies, that the norm of eight hours of consolidated sleep has been scientifically established to be crucial for medical and physical health."—Kirkus Reviews"A fascinating scholarly approach that will cause readers to question some of the givens regarding sleep habits in American culture."—Library Journal"A great primer on the history and variability of sleep patterns, this book points to more flexible, realistic expectations of sleep to avoid both the drugs and the nights of insomnia."—ForeWord Reviews"Takes a polemical view of what might be called the “sleep question.” Wolf-Meyer, an assistant professor of anthropology at the University of California at Santa Cruz, spent four years interviewing just about everyone involved in sleep research: physicians, technicians, patients, members of patients’ families. He concludes that what Americans have come to think of as sleep problems are mostly just problems in the way Americans have come to think about sleep."—The New Yorker"A powerful call."—American Ethnologist"Sleepers are indebted to The Slumbering Masses for compelling them to contemplate sleep (or the lack thereof) from a new perspective."—Canadian Bulletin of Medical History"Reminds us that how, where, and why we sleep are always political decisions."—Current Anthropology"Elegant and timely."—Medical Anthropology QuarterlyTable of ContentsContentsAbbreviationsPreface: Sleep at the Turn of the Twenty-first CenturyIntroduction: From the Lone Sleeper to the Slumbering MassesPart I. Sleeping, Past and Present1. The Rise of American Sleep Medicine: Diagnosing (and Misdiagnosing) Sleep2. The Protestant Origins of American Sleep 3. Sleeping and Not Sleeping in the Clinic: How Medicine Is Remaking Biology and SocietyPart II. Cultures of Sleep4. Desiring a Good Night’s Sleep: Order and Disorder in Everyday Life5. Before We Fall Asleep: Children’s Sleep and the Rise of the Solitary Sleeper6. Pharmaceuticals and the Making of Modern Bodies and Rhythms7. Early to Rise: Creating Well-Rested American Workers 8. Chemical Consciousness9. Sleeping on the Job: From Siestas to Workplace Naps10. Take Back Your Time: Activism and Overworked AmericansPart III. The Limits of Sleep11. Unconsciousness Criminality: Sleepwalking Murders, Drowsy Driving, and the Vigilance of the Law12. The Extremes of Sleep: War, Sports, and ScienceConclusion: The Futures of Sleep AcknowledgmentsNotesIndex
£15.19
Duke University Press Seaweeds of the Southeastern United States
Book Synopsis
£112.20
MD - Duke University Press The Postcolonial Science and Technology Studies
Book SynopsisArgues that science and technology studies, postcolonial studies, and feminist critique must inform one anotherTrade Review“The Postcolonial Science and Technology Studies Reader succeeds in mapping a new field of inquiry for those of us working in science and technology studies. This brilliant collection of essays successfully bridges postcolonialist and feminist approaches to science and technology studies and provides the foundation for essential transformations of curriculum and research in this area. The essays provoke examination of how different knowledge systems function, and they call into question who benefits and is disadvantaged by those systems. For those committed to the tenet that just societies require just practices of science, this collection is indispensable. No science and technology studies curriculum is complete without it.”—Nancy Tuana, Dupont/Class of 1949 Professor of Philosophy, Pennsylvania State University“This magisterial, compelling, and important collection pushes the boundaries of postcolonial studies in urgent ways. It charts the richness and depth of knowledge systems across the non-Western world, delineating their differences from, contributions to, and marginalization by what is thought of as Western science. This book makes it impossible to ignore the interconnections between long histories of imperialism, the dynamics of the Cold War, and the asymmetries of globalization, or to isolate science from social relations. It also maps the ground on which we can imagine a different future.”—Ania Loomba, co-editor of South Asian Feminisms“The anthology lives up to its aspirations of providing an accessible compass to issues and questions that have been approached with a ‘‘postcolonial sensibility’’... By highlighting cross-connections between contributions of different sections, Harding succeeds in bringing the texts of diverse disciplinary backgrounds into conversation with each other and thus underscores the postcolonialist need for a trans-disciplinary cooperation.” -- Anna Mohr * Science and Education *“…Harding has succeeded in representing great geographical variety and historical depth, making her compilation an important reference book in the field of STS.” -- Harry Yi-Jui Wu * East Asian Science, Technology and Society *“The book will serve admirably in classes for advanced undergraduates and graduate students in which the history and future of global science and technology policy are discussed.” -- William Kelleher Story * Technology and Culture *Table of ContentsPreface ix Acknowledgments xv Introduction. Beyond Postcolonial Theory: Two Undertheorized Perspectives on Science and Technology 1 I. Counterhistories 33 1. Discovering the Oriental West / John M. Hobson 39 2. Long-Distance Corporations, Big Sciences, and the Geography of Knowledge / Steven J. Harris 61 3. Heroic Narratives of Quest and Discovery / Mary Terrall 84 4. Maria Sibylla Merian: A Woman of Art and Science / Ella Reitsma 103 5. Prospecting for Drugs: European Naturalists in the West Indies / Londa Schiebinger 110 6. Science and Colonial Expansion: The Role of the British Royal Botanical Gardens / Lucille H. Brockway 127 7. Out of Africa: Colonial Rice History in the Black Atlantic / Judith Carney 140 II. Other Cultures' Sciences 151 8. Navigation in the Western Carolines: A Traditional Science / Ward H. Goodenough 159 9. Science for the West, Myth for the Rest? / Colin Scott 175 10. Ecolinguistics, Linguistic Diversity, Ecological Diversity / Peter Mühlhäusler 198 11. Gender and Indigenous Knowledge / Helen Appleton, Maria E. Fernandez, Catherine L. M. Hill, and Consuelo Quiroz 211 12. Whose Knowledge, Whose Genes, Whose Rights? / Stephen B. Brush 225 13. The Role of the Global Network of Indigenous Knowledge Resource Centers in the Conservation of Cultural and Biological Diversity / D. Michael Warren 247 III. Residues and Reinventions 14. Development and the Anthropology of Modernity / Arturo Escobar 269 15. Tradition and Gender in Modernization Theory / Catherine V. Scott 290 16. Security and Survival: Why Do Poor People Have Many Children? / Betsy Hartmann 310 17. Call for a New Approach / Committee on Women, Population, and the Environment 318 18. The Human Genome Diversity Project: What Went Wrong? / Jenny Reardon 321 19. Bioprospecting's Representational Dilemma / Cori Hayden 343 IV. Moving Forward: Possible Pathways 365 20. Islamic Science: The Contemporary Debate / Ziauddin Sardar 383 21. Mining Civilizational Knowledge / Susantha Goonatilake 380 22. Toward the Integration of Knowledge Systems: Challenges to Thought and Practice / Catherine A. Odora Hoppers 388 23. Human Well-Being and Federal Science: What's the Connection? / Daniel Sarewitz 403 24. Science in a Era of Globalization: Alternative Pathways / David J. Hess 419 25. Civic Science for Sustainability: Reframing the Role of Experts, Policymakers, and Citizens in Environmental Governance / Karen Bäckstrand 439 Copyright Acknowledgments 459 Index 463
£89.10
Duke University Press The Postcolonial Science and Technology Studies
Book SynopsisArgues that science and technology studies, postcolonial studies, and feminist critique must inform one anotherTrade Review“The Postcolonial Science and Technology Studies Reader succeeds in mapping a new field of inquiry for those of us working in science and technology studies. This brilliant collection of essays successfully bridges postcolonialist and feminist approaches to science and technology studies and provides the foundation for essential transformations of curriculum and research in this area. The essays provoke examination of how different knowledge systems function, and they call into question who benefits and is disadvantaged by those systems. For those committed to the tenet that just societies require just practices of science, this collection is indispensable. No science and technology studies curriculum is complete without it.”—Nancy Tuana, Dupont/Class of 1949 Professor of Philosophy, Pennsylvania State University“This magisterial, compelling, and important collection pushes the boundaries of postcolonial studies in urgent ways. It charts the richness and depth of knowledge systems across the non-Western world, delineating their differences from, contributions to, and marginalization by what is thought of as Western science. This book makes it impossible to ignore the interconnections between long histories of imperialism, the dynamics of the Cold War, and the asymmetries of globalization, or to isolate science from social relations. It also maps the ground on which we can imagine a different future.”—Ania Loomba, co-editor of South Asian Feminisms“The anthology lives up to its aspirations of providing an accessible compass to issues and questions that have been approached with a ‘‘postcolonial sensibility’’... By highlighting cross-connections between contributions of different sections, Harding succeeds in bringing the texts of diverse disciplinary backgrounds into conversation with each other and thus underscores the postcolonialist need for a trans-disciplinary cooperation.” -- Anna Mohr * Science and Education *“…Harding has succeeded in representing great geographical variety and historical depth, making her compilation an important reference book in the field of STS.” -- Harry Yi-Jui Wu * East Asian Science, Technology and Society *“The book will serve admirably in classes for advanced undergraduates and graduate students in which the history and future of global science and technology policy are discussed.” -- William Kelleher Story * Technology and Culture *Table of ContentsPreface ix Acknowledgments xv Introduction. Beyond Postcolonial Theory: Two Undertheorized Perspectives on Science and Technology 1 I. Counterhistories 33 1. Discovering the Oriental West / John M. Hobson 39 2. Long-Distance Corporations, Big Sciences, and the Geography of Knowledge / Steven J. Harris 61 3. Heroic Narratives of Quest and Discovery / Mary Terrall 84 4. Maria Sibylla Merian: A Woman of Art and Science / Ella Reitsma 103 5. Prospecting for Drugs: European Naturalists in the West Indies / Londa Schiebinger 110 6. Science and Colonial Expansion: The Role of the British Royal Botanical Gardens / Lucille H. Brockway 127 7. Out of Africa: Colonial Rice History in the Black Atlantic / Judith Carney 140 II. Other Cultures' Sciences 151 8. Navigation in the Western Carolines: A Traditional Science / Ward H. Goodenough 159 9. Science for the West, Myth for the Rest? / Colin Scott 175 10. Ecolinguistics, Linguistic Diversity, Ecological Diversity / Peter Mühlhäusler 198 11. Gender and Indigenous Knowledge / Helen Appleton, Maria E. Fernandez, Catherine L. M. Hill, and Consuelo Quiroz 211 12. Whose Knowledge, Whose Genes, Whose Rights? / Stephen B. Brush 225 13. The Role of the Global Network of Indigenous Knowledge Resource Centers in the Conservation of Cultural and Biological Diversity / D. Michael Warren 247 III. Residues and Reinventions 14. Development and the Anthropology of Modernity / Arturo Escobar 269 15. Tradition and Gender in Modernization Theory / Catherine V. Scott 290 16. Security and Survival: Why Do Poor People Have Many Children? / Betsy Hartmann 310 17. Call for a New Approach / Committee on Women, Population, and the Environment 318 18. The Human Genome Diversity Project: What Went Wrong? / Jenny Reardon 321 19. Bioprospecting's Representational Dilemma / Cori Hayden 343 IV. Moving Forward: Possible Pathways 365 20. Islamic Science: The Contemporary Debate / Ziauddin Sardar 383 21. Mining Civilizational Knowledge / Susantha Goonatilake 380 22. Toward the Integration of Knowledge Systems: Challenges to Thought and Practice / Catherine A. Odora Hoppers 388 23. Human Well-Being and Federal Science: What's the Connection? / Daniel Sarewitz 403 24. Science in a Era of Globalization: Alternative Pathways / David J. Hess 419 25. Civic Science for Sustainability: Reframing the Role of Experts, Policymakers, and Citizens in Environmental Governance / Karen Bäckstrand 439 Copyright Acknowledgments 459 Index 463
£27.90
Fordham University Press Science Reason Modernity
Book SynopsisScience, Reason, Modernity: Readings for an Anthropology of the Contemporary provides an introduction to a legacy of philosophical and social scientific thinking about sciences, and their integral role in shaping modernities, a legacy that has contributed to a specifically anthropological form of inquiry.Trade Review"Science, Reason, Modernity offers an introduction to an anthropological engagement with the epistemologies, the ethical possibilities and limitations, and the practical impact of the sciences-one that has no real precedent and stands as an important and generative alternative to the analytical frameworks that prevail in contemporary science and technology studies." -- -James Faubion Rice UniversityTable of ContentsIntroduction: Contemporary Equipment for Anthropological Problems of Modern Sciences Anthony Stavrianakis, Gaymon Bennett, and Lyle Fearnley I. Problems What Is Enlightenment? Immanuel Kant Science as a Vocation Max Weber Reconstruction as Seen Twenty-five Years Later John Dewey What Is Enlightenment? Michel Foucault II. Historical Problematizations The "Trial" of Theoretical Curiosity Hans Blumenberg Justifications of Curiosity as Preparation for the Enlightenment Hans Blumenberg The Question of Normality in the History of Biological Thought Georges Canguilhem The Living and Its Milieu Georges Canguilhem III. Ethics: Truth and Subjectivity The Hermeneutics of the Subject Michel Foucault The Courage of the Truth Michel Foucault Anthropos Today: Reflections on Modern Equipment Paul Rabinow Notes Index
£999.99
Fordham University Press Science Reason Modernity
Book SynopsisScience, Reason, Modernity: Readings for an Anthropology of the Contemporary provides an introduction to a legacy of philosophical and social scientific thinking about sciences, and their integral role in shaping modernities, a legacy that has contributed to a specifically anthropological form of inquiry.Trade Review"Science, Reason, Modernity offers an introduction to an anthropological engagement with the epistemologies, the ethical possibilities and limitations, and the practical impact of the sciences-one that has no real precedent and stands as an important and generative alternative to the analytical frameworks that prevail in contemporary science and technology studies." -- -James Faubion Rice UniversityTable of ContentsIntroduction: Contemporary Equipment for Anthropological Problems of Modern Sciences Anthony Stavrianakis, Gaymon Bennett, and Lyle Fearnley I. Problems What Is Enlightenment? Immanuel Kant Science as a Vocation Max Weber Reconstruction as Seen Twenty-five Years Later John Dewey What Is Enlightenment? Michel Foucault II. Historical Problematizations The "Trial" of Theoretical Curiosity Hans Blumenberg Justifications of Curiosity as Preparation for the Enlightenment Hans Blumenberg The Question of Normality in the History of Biological Thought Georges Canguilhem The Living and Its Milieu Georges Canguilhem III. Ethics: Truth and Subjectivity The Hermeneutics of the Subject Michel Foucault The Courage of the Truth Michel Foucault Anthropos Today: Reflections on Modern Equipment Paul Rabinow Notes Index
£25.19
University of Hawai'i Press Future Yet to Come
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£23.96
University of Missouri Press A New Basis for Animal Ethics
Book SynopsisThe culmination of forty years of theorizing about the moral status of animals, this book explicates and justifies society's moral obligation to animals in terms of the commonsense metaphysics and ethics of Aristotle's concept of telos.Trade Review“Bernie Rollin is a philosopher whose head is most definitely not in the clouds. Instead, it’s on our farms and slaughter plants, in our testing laboratories, in our rodeo arenas, and on our hunting grounds—in short, all the places where humans use animals as they see fit. He’s given us a lucid, compelling blueprint for how to reimagine our relationship with animals, driven by a social ethic that is common to us all and filled with common sense. This is yet another important book from one of the pre-eminent impact players in the contemporary animal protection movement.”—Wayne Pacelle, president & CEO, The Humane Society of the United States“Possibly the most important book on animal welfare written to date. In exquisite chapter after chapter Rollin presents the philosophical background of what telos is, why it matters and demonstrates with stories, anecdotes, and data, why common sense is an important basis for understanding animals, their needs and their wants. Rollin has the ability to speak to each reader as if s/he is the only person he is talking to. He is a remarkable talent and brilliant teacher. A great read, a must read.”—Alan Goldberg, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health Founding Director Emeritus of the Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Berman Institute of Bioethics“In his latest of many books, Bernard Rollin, philosopher and animal advocate extraordinaire, appeals to Aristotle's concept of telos to argue that we need to establish a strong link between commonsense morality and animal ethics. One does not have to be well-versed in philosophical thought nor jargon to understand Rollin's most important message, namely, that when we respect other animals for whom they are and for what they do when they are able to live as freely as possible as the evolved beings they are, we all will be more likely to work together to stop the horrific and brutal abuse to which billions of animals are intentionally and routinely subjected globally each and every day. Indeed, there is no other way to move forward in an increasingly human dominated world in the epoch called the anthropocene, the age of humanity, let’s hope that A New Basis for Animal Ethics is not his swan song.”—Marc Bekoff, University of Colorado; author of numerous books including Rewilding Our Hearts: Building Pathways of Compassion and Coexistence
£46.35
SPCK - IVP Science and its limits
Book Synopsis
£10.44
University of Tokyo Press The Himalayan Plants Volume 2
Book SynopsisBased on field research carried out by a University of Tokyo botanical project team, this study describes the nature and diversification of the alpine flora of the Himalayas. It includes revisional studies of the plants and a discussion of the anatomical diversification of the trees and shrubs.
£153.60
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Mechanisms in Plant Development
Book SynopsisIntended for undergraduate and graduate courses in plant development, this book explains how the cells of a plant acquire and maintain their specific fates.Trade Review'In this new book, Leyser and Day provide a comprehensive overview of plant developmental biology that presents a diversity of developmental strategies whilst carefully distilling the basic principles and mechanisms involved. Its strengths are its breadth, clarity and up to date discussion of developmental studies and concepts. ...Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling plant development has exploded in the last decade, and this book provides an outstanding and much needed review and synthesis. Whilst primarily directed at higher-level undergraduates, it should be accessible and informative to scientists at all levels. Though the field of plant development is rapidly advancing, this book's strength in highlighting fundamental developmental concepts and principles make it a must have for any student of developmental biology.' David Jackson, Cold Spring Harbor, BSDB Newsletter "....worth a library or scientist's investment. It is easy to read, thorough and offers additional points of access to the scientific literature that a student will find useful. It would serve as an excellent supplementary text for a library collection, or as a refresher text for a graduate student in botany." E-Streams, Vol 6, No 1, January 2003 "In each instance the authors employ a number of specific 'case studies' that trace resesarch in the area from the basic anatomy and physiology to more recent molecular investigations. ...The text is clearly written and well referenced. It should be useful to students who are getting started in this dynamic field." Choice, Vol 40, No 8, April 2003 "... a very timely and authoritative documentation of modern plant developmental biology and highly recommend it for advanced graduate and postgraduate students and also scientists interested in this topic." Martin Huelskamp, Universitat Koln, BioEssays, April 2004 "This is a 'must-have' volume for any scientist with even a peripheral interest in plant development. Leyser and Day have provided a welcome addition for anyone looking for an up-to-date book for an upper-level undergraduate or graduate course in plant development." Clive Edwards, Ohio State University for the Quaterly Review of Biology, March-May 2003Table of ContentsPreface, viii Introduction, IX Sources for Figures, xi Chapter 1: An introduction to flowering plants, 1 Alternation of generations, 1 Gametophyte development, 1 Development of the sporophyte, 3 Further reading, 18 Chapter 2: Characteristics of plant development, 19 Plant cells, 19 Larger patterns, 24 Theoretical framework for the study of developmental mechanisms, 26 Conclusions, 27 Further reading, 27 Chapter 3: Cell-intrinsic information, 29 Lineage, 29 Case study 3.1: Laser ablation of cells in the Arabidopsis root tip, 34 Case study 3.2: Green–white–green periclinal chimeras, 36 Case study 3.3: Mutations affecting division patterns, 39 Relationship between age and position, 43 Case study 3.4: Mutations affecting the rate of leaf initiation in Arabidopsis, 44 Conclusions, 46 Further reading, 46 Chapter 4: Primary axis development, 48 Embryonic axes, 48 Case study 4.1: Longitudinal axis of the Fucus embryo, 49 Case study 4.2: Longitudinal axis of the Arabidopsis embryo, 54 Case study 4.3: Radial axis of the Arabidopsis embryo, 64 Conclusions, 71 Further reading, 71 Chapter 5: Axis development in the leaf and flower, 74 Leaves, 74 Case study 5.1: Adaxial–abaxial axis of the leaf, 75 Case study 5.2: Proximodistal axis of the leaf, 84 Case study 5.3: Determinate nature of leaf development, 87 Flowers, 91 Case study 5.4: Radial axis of the flower, 92 Case study 5.5: Adaxial–abaxial axis of the Antirrhinum flower, 100 Conclusions, 104 Further reading, 105 Chapter 6: Position relative to a particular cell, tissue or organ, 110 Case study 6.1: The pattern of trichomes on the Arabidopsis leaf, 111 Case study 6.2: The pattern of root hairs in Arabidopsis, 116 Case study 6.3: Phyllotaxy, 123 Case study 6.4: Coordination of leaf and vascular development, 131 Conclusions, 134 Further reading, 134 Chapter 7: Light, 138 Light perception, 138 Developmental responses to light, 143 Case study 7.1: Light-induced germination, 143 Case study 7.2: Seedling etiolation and photomorphogenesis, 146 Case study 7.3: Shade escape, 151 Case study 7.4: Phototropism, 154 Case study 7.5: Photoperiodic control of flowering, 156 Conclusions, 161 Further reading, 161 Chapter 8: Environmental information other than light, 165 Case study 8.1: Gravitropism, 165 Case study 8.2: Thigmomorphogenesis, 172 Case study 8.3: Effects of uneven nutrient supply on root development, 177 Case study 8.4: Vernalization, 180 Conclusions, 186 Further reading, 186 Chapter 9: The coordination of development, 190 Case study 9.1: Initiation and maintenance of the shoot apical meristem, 191 Case study 9.2: Transition from embryonic to post-embryonic development, 200 Case study 9.3: Phase transitions in post-germination development, 203 Case study 9.4: Shoot branching, 213 Conclusions, 219 Further reading, 220 Chapter 10: A comparison of plant and animal development, 224 Control of cell fate, 225 Development of pattern, 226 Consequences of autotrophy versus heterotrophy, 229 Conclusions, 230 Further reading, 230 Index, 233
£61.70
University Press of New England Truck On Rebuilding a Wornout Pickup and Other
Book SynopsisA personal and transformative journey into mechanical intricacy and philosophical inquiry.
£15.00
John Wiley & Sons Inc Infiltration Theory for Hydrologic Applications
Book SynopsisPublished by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Water Resources Monograph Series, Volume 15. Here is your state-of-the-art guidebook through soil infiltration theory in response to hydrologic problems. By focusing on the theoretical basis of physically based infiltration functions and their application, Infiltration Theory for Hydrologic Applications presents an in-depth review of current issues and concerns. For scientists wishing concise and robust equations that can be applied in models for a variety of objectives.Table of ContentsPreface vii 1. Introduction 1 Brief History 1 Runoff Mechanisms 3 Engineering and Scientific Approaches to Hydrology 4 Objective and Scope of this Work 5 2. Basic Porous Media Hydraulics 7 Capillary Properties of Soil Water 7 Porous Media 9 Darcy's Law 12 Hydraulic Characteristics of Porous Media 13 Steady Flow Soil Water Relations 14 Functional Representation of Hydraulic Characteristics 18 3. Some Essentials of One-Dimensional Porous Media Dynamics 25 Introduction 25 Absorption: Gravity-Free Intake 27 Infiltration: Vertical Flow 31 Mathematical Approximations for Soil Water Flow 34 Approximations for Soil Hydraulic Characteristics 36 4. A Realistic Integrable Nonlinear Model for Transient Unsaturated Flow 41 Introduction 41 Integrable Forms of Richards' Equation' 43 Solution of Nonlinear Diffusion Equation 46 Required Forms for Soil Characteristics 49 Solution of the Integrable Form 55 Discussion and Summary 60 5. Absorption and Infiltration Relations and the Infiltrability-Depth Approximation 63 Introduction 63 Absorption 65 Infiltration 73 Stability of Flux-ConcentrationR elation 85 6. Infiltrability Models: Comparisons and Application 97 Introduction 97 Timing of Pending 98 Time Explicit Approximations 108 Applying the Infiltrability Models to Variable Rainfall Patterns 114 7. Applying Infiltration Models in Layered Soils and Redistribution Cases 119 Introduction 119 Redistribution and Reinfiltration 119 Layered Soils 122 8. Field Measurements of Infiltration Parameters 135 Introduction 135 Drip Infiltrometers 136 Ring Infiltrometers 138 Permeameters 141 9. Infiltration and Runoff on a Hillslope 159 Introduction 159 General Surface Flow and Infiltration Interaction 160 Effect of Surface Relief on Surface Water Losses 162 Infiltration Heterogeneity and Runoff 164 Appendices 185 I. Derivation of the Infiltration Integral from Richards' Equation 185 II. Attenuation of Characteristic Kinematic Shock in Soil Water Flow 187 III. Finite Difference Solution Method for Richards' Equation 190 List of Symbols and Abbreviations 199 References 203 Index 211
£75.56
West Virginia University Press After Oil
Book SynopsisExplores the social, cultural and political changes needed to make possible a full-scale transition from fossil fuels to new forms of energy. Written collectively by participants in the first After Oil School, After Oil explains why the adoption of renewable, ecologically sustainable energy sources is only the first step of energy transition.
£12.56
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Horticultural Reviews Volume 39
Book Synopsis* State-of-the-art reviews on topics in horticultural science and technology covering both basic and applied research. * Topics covered include the horticulture of fruits, vegetables, nut crops, and ornamentals.Table of ContentsDedication: Kim E. Hummer (Joseph Postman) 1. Spices: Frankincense, Myrrh, and Balm of Gilead: Ancient Spices of Southern Arabia and Judea (Shimshon Ben-Yehoshua, Carole Borowitz, and Lumír Ondøej Hanus) 2. Ginger: Botany and Horticulture (V. A. Parthasarathy, V. Srinivasan, R. R. Nair, T. John Zachariah, A. Kumar, and D. Prasath) 3. Annatto: Botany and Horticulture (Freddy Leal and Claret Michelangeli de Clavijo) 4. Mediterranean Stone Pine: Botany and Horticulture (Sven Mutke, Rafael Calama, Santiago C. González-Martínez, Gregorio Montero, F. Javier Gordo, David Bono, and Luis Gil) 5. Pointed Gourd: Botany and Horticulture (Sanjeev Kumar and B.D. Singh) 6. The Physiology and Functions of Fruit Pigments: An Ecological and Horticultural Perspective (Willem J. Steyn) 7. Advances in the Biology and Management of Monosporascus Vine Decline and Wilt of Melons and other Cucurbits (Roni Cohen, Shimon Pivonia, Kevin M. Crosby, and Ray D. Martyn) 8. Ornamental Grasses (Mary Hockenberry Meyer)
£206.06
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Plant Breeding Reviews Volume 35
Book SynopsisPlant Breeding Reviews presents state-of-the-art reviews on plant genetics and the breeding of all types of crops by both traditional means and molecular methods. Many of the crops widely grown today stem from a very narrow genetic base; understanding and preserving crop genetic resources is vital to the security of food systems worldwide. The emphasis of the series is on methodology, a fundamental understanding of crop genetics, and applications to major crops.The series issponsored by the American Society for Horticultural Science andappears in the form of one or two volumes per year.Table of ContentsContributors ix 1. Dedication: Molly M. Jahn Plant Breeder and Geneticist 1 I. L. Goldman I. Biographical Sketch 1 II. Research Program 5 III. Teaching 7 IV. Administration 7 V. Awards and Recognition 9 VI. The Woman 9 Literature Cited 10 Selected Publications of Molly M. Jahn 10 Germplasm Releases and Patents 16 2. History, Evolution, and Domestication of Brassica Crops 19 Shyam Prakash, Xiao-Ming Wu, and S. R. Bhat I. Introduction 21 II. Archetypes and Evolution of Basic Genomes and Derived Allopolyploids 25 III. Ethnobotany, Origin, and Domestication 36 IV. Concluding Remarks 67 Acknowledgments 70 Literature Cited 71 3. Melon Landraces of India: Contributions and Importance 85 Narinder P. S. Dhillon_, Antonio J. Monforte, Michel Pitrat, Sudhakar Pandey, Praveen Kumar Singh, Kathleen R. Reitsma, Jordi Garcia-Mas, Abhishek Sharma, and James D. McCreight I. Introduction 88 II. First Contribution of Indian Melon Germplasm to the U.S. Melon Breeding Programs 90 III. Useful Traits from Indian Melons 92 IV. Genetic Diversity 120 V. Melon Breeding 123 VI. Future Role of Indian Melon Germplasm and Conclusions 130 Acknowledgments 133 Literature Cited 133 4. Transgenic Vegetable Crops: Progress, Potentials, and Prospects 151 João Silva Dias and Rodomiro Ortiz I. World Vegetable Production 153 II. Case for Transgenic Vegetables 154 III. Case Studies 164 IV. GM Vegetables and Integrated Pest Management 218 V. Outlook 221 Literature Cited 224 5. Millets: Genetic and Genomic Resources 247 Sangam Dwivedi, Hari Upadhyaya, Senapathy Senthilvel, Charles Hash, Kenji Fukunaga, Xiamin Diao, Dipak Santra, David Baltensperger, and Manoj Prasad I. Introduction 251 II. Nutritional Quality and Food, Feed, Medicinal, and Other Uses 269 III. Domestication, Phylogenetic, and Genomic Relationships 277 IV. Assessing Patterns of Diversity in Germplasm Collections 284 V. Identifying Germplasm with Beneficial Traits 300 VI. Genomic Resources 316 VII. Enhancing Use of Germplasm in Cultivar Development 321 VIII. From Trait Genetics to Association Mapping to Cultivar Development Using Genomics 332 IX. Conclusions and Future Prospects 344 Acknowledgments 347 Literature Cited 347 Subject Index 377 Cumulative Subject Index 379 Cumulative Contributor Index 401 ??
£206.06
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Nano And Microencapsulation for Foods
Book SynopsisToday, nano- and microencapsulation are increasingly being utilized in the pharmaceutical, textile, agricultural and food industries. Microencapsulation is a process in which tiny particles or droplets of a food are surrounded by a coating to give small capsules.Trade Review“This book will help food companies to develop new nanotechnology for major problems such as the development of functional coatings to enhance the long-term suitability of food products.” (South African Food Science and Technology magazine, 1 February 2015)Table of ContentsList of Contributors xiii Preface xvii 1 Overview of Nano- and Microencapsulation for Foods 1 Hae-Soo Kwak 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Nano- or microencapsulation as a rich source of delivery of functional components 3 1.3 Wall materials used for encapsulation 3 1.4 Techniques used for the production of nano- or microencapsulation of foods 4 1.5 Characterization of nano- or microencapsulated functional particles 5 1.6 Fortification of foods through nano- or microcapsules 6 1.7 Nano- or microencapsulation technologies: industrial perspectives and applications in the food market 6 1.8 Overview of the book 8 Acknowledgments 12 References 12 Part I Concepts and rationales of nano- and microencapsulation for foods 15 2 Theories and Concepts of Nano Materials, Nano- and microencapsulation 17 Jingyuan Wen, Guanyu Chen, and Raid G. Alany 2.1 Introduction 17 2.2 Materials used for nanoparticles, nano- and microencapsulation 19 2.2.1 Polymers 19 2.3 Nano- and microencapsulation techniques 20 2.3.1 Chemical methods 20 2.3.2 Physico-chemical methods 23 2.3.3 Other methods 25 2.3.4 Factors influencing optimization 28 2.4 Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications 30 2.4.1 Various delivery routes for nano- and microencapsulation systems 30 2.5 Food ingredients and nutraceutical applications 35 2.5.1 Background and definitions 35 2.5.2 Nanomaterials, nano- and microencapsulation in nutraceuticals 36 2.6 Conclusion 37 References 38 3 Rationales of Nano- and Microencapsulation for Food Ingredients 43 Sundaram Gunasekaran and Sanghoon Ko 3.1 Introduction 43 3.2 Factors affecting the quality loss of food ingredients 45 3.2.1 Oxygen 45 3.2.2 Light 47 3.2.3 Temperature 48 3.2.4 Adverse interaction 49 3.2.5 Taste masking 50 3.3 Case studies of food ingredient protection through nano- and microencapsulation 50 3.3.1 Vitamins 51 3.3.2 Enzymes 52 3.3.3 Minerals 53 3.3.4 Phytochemicals 54 3.3.5 Lipids 55 3.3.6 Probiotics 55 3.3.7 Flavors 56 3.4 Conclusion 57 References 58 4 Methodologies Used for the Characterization of Nano- and Microcapsules 65 Minh-Hiep Nguyen, Nurul Fadhilah Kamalul Aripin, Xi G. Chen, and Hyun-Jin Park 4.1 Introduction 65 4.2 Methodologies used for the characterization of nano- and microcapsules 67 4.2.1 Particle size and particle size distribution 67 4.2.2 Zeta potential measurement 75 4.2.3 Morphology 77 4.2.4 Membrane flexibility 80 4.2.5 Stability 82 4.2.6 Encapsulation efficiency 83 4.3 Conclusion 88 Acknowledgements 88 References 88 5 Advanced Approaches of Nano- and Microencapsulation for Food Ingredients 95 Mi-Jung Choi and Hae-Soo Kwak 5.1 Introduction 95 5.2 Nanoencapsulation based on the microencapsulation technology 96 5.3 Classification of the encapsulation system 97 5.3.1 Nanoparticle or microparticle 97 5.3.2 Structural encapsulation systems 100 5.4 Preparation methods for the encapsulation system 106 5.4.1 Emulsification 106 5.4.2 Precipitation 107 5.4.3 Desolvation 108 5.4.4 Ionic gelation 109 5.5 Application of the encapsulation system in food ingredients 109 5.6 Conclusion 110 References 111 Part II Nano- and microencapsulations of food ingredients 117 6 Nano- and Microencapsulation of Phytochemicals 119 Sung Je Lee and Marie Wong 6.1 Introduction 119 6.2 Classification of phytochemicals 120 6.2.1 Flavonoids 120 6.2.2 Carotenoids 124 6.2.3 Betalains 126 6.2.4 Phytosterols 127 6.2.5 Organosulfurs and glucosinolates 128 6.3 Stability and solubility of phytochemicals 129 6.4 Microencapsulation of phytochemicals 130 6.4.1 Spray-drying 131 6.4.2 Freeze-drying 135 6.4.3 Liposomes 136 6.4.4 Coacervation 138 6.4.5 Molecular inclusion complexes 141 6.5 Nanoencapsulation 146 6.5.1 Nanoemulsions 147 6.5.2 Nanoparticles 148 6.5.3 Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) 150 6.5.4 Nanoparticles through supercritical anti-solvent precipitation 152 6.6 Conclusion 153 References 153 7 Microencapsulation for Gastrointestinal Delivery of Probiotic Bacteria 167 Kasipathy Kailasapathy 7.1 Introduction 167 7.2 The gastrointestinal (GI) tract 169 7.2.1 Microbiota of the adult GI tract 169 7.2.2 Characteristics of the GI tract for probiotic delivery 170 7.3 Encapsulation technologies for probiotics 173 7.4 Techniques for probiotic encapsulation 175 7.4.1 Microencapsulation (ME) in gel particles using polymers 175 7.4.2 The extrusion technique 175 7.4.3 The emulsion technique 177 7.4.4 Spray-drying, spray-coating and spray-chilling technologies 179 7.4.5 Microencapsulation technologies for nutraceuticals incorporating probiotics 182 7.5 Controlled release of probiotic bacteria 182 7.6 Potential applications of encapsulated probiotics 183 7.6.1 Yoghurt 184 7.6.2 Cheese 185 7.6.3 Frozen desserts 186 7.6.4 Unfermented milks 186 7.6.5 Powdered formulations 187 7.6.6 Meat products 187 7.6.7 Plant-based (vegetarian) probiotic products 188 7.7 Future trends and marketing perspectives 189 References 191 8 Nano-Structured Minerals and Trace Elements for Food and Nutrition Applications 199 Florentine M. Hilty and Michael B. Zimmermann 8.1 Introduction 199 8.2 Special characteristics of nanoparticles 200 8.3 Nano-structured entities in natural foods 202 8.4 Nano-structured minerals in nutritional applications 202 8.4.1 Iron 202 8.4.2 Zinc 207 8.4.3 Calcium 209 8.4.4 Magnesium 210 8.4.5 Selenium 211 8.4.6 Copper 211 8.5 Uptake of nano-structured minerals 212 8.6 Conclusion 213 References 214 9 Nano- and Microencapsulation of Vitamins 223 Ashok R. Patel and Bhesh Bhandari 9.1 Introduction 223 9.2 Vitamins for food and nutraceutical applications 224 9.2.1 Vitamins: nutritional requirement and biological functions 224 9.2.2 Vitamins: formulation challenges and stability issues 224 9.3 Colloidal encapsulation (nano and micro) in foods: principles of use 227 9.3.1 Solid-in-liquid dispersions 229 9.3.2 Liquid-in-liquid dispersions 232 9.3.3 Dispersions of self-assembled colloids 234 9.3.4 Encapsulation in dry matrices 238 9.3.5 Molecular encapsulation of vitamins in cyclodextrins 239 9.4 Conclusion and future trends 240 References 241 10 Nano- and Microencapsulation of Flavor in Food Systems 249 Kyuya Nakagawa 10.1 Introduction 249 10.2 Flavor stabilization in food nano- and microstructures 250 10.2.1 Application of encapsulated flavors 250 10.2.2 Interactions between flavor compounds and carrier matrices 251 10.2.3 Flavor retention in colloidal systems 251 10.2.4 Flavor retention in food gel 252 10.2.5 Flavor inclusion in starch nanostructure 253 10.3 Flavor retention and release in an encapsulated system 254 10.3.1 Mass transfer at the liquid–gas interface 254 10.3.2 Mass transfer at a solid–gas interface 258 10.4 Nano- and microstructure processing 259 10.4.1 Spray-drying 260 10.4.2 Freeze-drying 262 10.4.3 Complex coacervation 264 10.5 Conclusion 266 Acknowledgements 267 References 267 11 Application of Nanomaterials, Nano- and Microencapsulation to Milk and Dairy Products 273 Hae-Soo Kwak, Mohammad Al Mijan, and Palanivel Ganesan 11.1 Introduction 273 11.2 Milk 274 11.2.1 Microencapsulation of functional ingredients 274 11.2.2 Microencapsulation of vitamins 278 11.2.3 Microencapsulation of iron 279 11.2.4 Microencapsulation of lactase 281 11.2.5 Nanofunctional ingredients 285 11.2.6 Nanocalcium 287 11.3 Yogurt 287 11.3.1 Microencapsulation of functional ingredients 287 11.3.2 Microencapsulation of iron 288 11.3.3 Nanofunctional ingredients 289 11.4 Cheese 291 11.4.1 Microencapsulation for accelerated cheese ripening 291 11.4.2 Microencapsulation of iron 292 11.4.3 Nanopowdered functional ingredients 292 11.5 Others 293 11.5.1 Microencapsulation of iron 293 11.6 Conclusion 293 References 294 12 Application of Nano- and Microencapsulated Materials to Food Packaging 301 Loong-Tak Lim 12.1 Introduction 301 12.2 Nanocomposite technologies 302 12.2.1 Layered silicate nanocomposites 302 12.2.2 Mineral oxide and organic nanocrystal composites 305 12.2.3 Material properties’ enhancement of biodegradable/compostable polymers 306 12.3 Intelligent and active packaging based on nano- and microencapsulation technologies 307 12.3.1 Product quality and shelf-life indicators 308 12.3.2 Nano- and microencapsulated antimicrobial composites 312 12.3.3 TiO2 ethylene scavenger for shelf-life extension of fruits and vegetables 317 12.4 Conclusion 318 References 319 Part III Bioactivity, toxicity, and regulation of nanomaterial, nano- and microencapsulated ingredients 325 13 Controlled Release of Food Ingredients 327 Sanghoon Ko and Sundaram Gunasekaran 13.1 Introduction 327 13.2 Fracturation 328 13.3 Diffusion 329 13.4 Dissolution 331 13.5 Biodegradation 333 13.6 External and internal triggering 334 13.6.1 Thermosensitive 335 13.6.2 Acoustic sensitive 336 13.6.3 Light-sensitive 337 13.6.4 pH-sensitive 338 13.6.5 Chemical-sensitive 339 13.6.6 Enzyme-sensitive 339 13.6.7 Other stimuli 340 13.7 Conclusion 340 References 340 14 Bioavailability and Bioactivity of Nanomaterial, Nano- and Microencapsulated Ingredients in Foods 345 Soo-Jin Choi 14.1 Introduction 345 14.2 Bioavailability of nano- and microencapsulated phytochemicals 347 14.3 Bioavailability of other nano- and microencapsulated nutraceuticals 352 14.4 Bioavailability of nano- and microencapsulated bioactive components 355 14.5 Conclusion 357 References 358 15 Potential Toxicity of Food Ingredients Loaded in Nano- and Microparticles 363 Guanyu Chen, Soon-Mi Shim, and Jingyuan Wen 15.1 Introduction 363 15.2 Factors influence the toxicity of nano- and microparticles 365 15.2.1 Size of the nano- and microparticles 366 15.2.2 Shape of the nano- and microparticles 367 15.2.3 Solubility of the nano- and microparticles 367 15.2.4 Chemical composition of the nano- and microparticles 367 15.3 Behavior and health risk of nano- and microparticles in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract 370 15.3.1 Absorption 370 15.3.2 Distribution 371 15.3.3 Excretion/elimination 371 15.4 Toxicity studies of nano- and microparticles 371 15.4.1 Oral exposure studies for toxicity 371 15.4.2 In vitro studies for toxicity 372 15.4.3 Lack of an analytical method model to evaluate the safety of micro- and nanoparticles 373 15.5 Risk assessment of micro- and nanomaterials in food applications 374 15.5.1 Risk assessment 375 15.6 Conclusion 377 References 377 16 Current Regulation of Nanomaterials Used as Food Ingredients 383 Hyun-Kyung Kim, Jong-Gu Lee, and Si-Young Lee 16.1 Introduction 383 16.2 The European Union (EU) 384 16.2.1 Definition 384 16.2.2 The EFSA Guidance 385 16.2.3 Regulation 386 16.3 The United Kingdom (UK) 388 16.4 France 389 16.5 The United States of America (USA) 389 16.6 Canada 391 16.7 Korea 392 16.8 Australia and New Zealand 393 References 393 Index 395
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