Political campaigning and advertising Books

Book SynopsisThe purpose of Political Campaigning in the U.S.: Managing Chaos is to provide readers with a comprehensive yet concise and accessible overview of modern election campaign practices.

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Book SynopsisBeginning with President Trump's first impeachment and ending with his second, FRANKLY, WE DID WIN THIS ELECTION chronicles the inside-the-room deliberations between Trump and his campaign team as they opened 2020 with a sleek political operation built to harness a surge of momentum from a bullish economy, a unified Republican Party, and a string of domestic and foreign policy successes-only to watch everything unravel when fortunes suddenly turned.With first-rate sourcing cultivated from five years of covering Trump in the White House and both of his campaigns, Bender brings readers inside the Oval Office, aboard Air Force One, and into the front row of the movement's signature mega-rallies for the story of an epic election-year convergence of COVID, economic collapse, and civil rights upheaval-and an unorthodox president's attempt to battle it all. Fresh interviews with Trump, key campaign advisers, and senior administration officials are paired with an exclusive collection of internal campaign memos, emails, and text messages for scores of never-before-reported details about the campaign. FRANKLY, WE DID WIN THIS ELECTION is the inside story of how Trump lost, and the definitive account of his final year in office that draws a straight line from the president's repeated insistence that he would never lose to the deadly storming of the U.S. Capitol that imperiled one of his most loyal lieutenants-his own vice president.

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Book SynopsisThe struggle between the defenders of America as an exceptional nation and the forces of anti-Americanism is reaching a fever pitch. These forces have grown so large, so well-financed, so entrenched and aggressive that they must be studied closely and understood completely if America is to survive this imminent civil war.In Beyond Biden, bestselling author Newt Gingrich brings together the various strands of the movement seeking to destroy true, historic American values and replace this country with one that's imposed on us by the combined power of government and social acceptance.

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Book SynopsisIn Trumpism, Bigotry, and the Threat to American Democracy, Larry N. Gerston examines the near-lethal combination of American bigotry and the ability of Donald Trump to take advantage of this scourge to satisfy his own political objective. The result is an individual who won election to the American presidency by adroitly pitting members of American society against one another, while presenting himself as the only person in the position to save America from itself. Having succeeded to the nation’s most important political office, Trump proceeded to use the position for his own benefit, irrespective of laws, norms, and, most important, the Constitution. So powerful was Trump that he and his minions came close to overturning the 2020 presidential election with the January 6, 2021 insurrection against the nation’s Capitol. While Trump failed in his attempt to remain in office, the threat to the wellbeing of the United States remains real. Trade ReviewBy placing Donald Trump’s presidential campaigns in the broader context of comparative democracies and American political history, Larry Gerston shows how they fit within larger processes that threaten the stability of democracy at home and abroad. Whatever happens in his trials, and regardless of whether he wins the Republican presidential nomination and is reelected president in 2024, Gerston makes the case that the American political system will be dealing with the consequences of Donald Trump for many years to come. -- Benjamin Highton, University of California, DavisTable of ContentsAcknowledgmentsIntroductionPart I: The Delicacy of DemocracyChapter 1: Democracy’s Promise and PerformanceChapter 2: Why Democracies DeclinePart II: The Impact of BigotryChapter 3: Bigotry as a Threat to DemocracyChapter 4: Racism in the United States: A Brief HistoryChapter 5: Donald Trump and BigotryPart III: Trumpism: An American Brand of AuthoritarianismChapter 6: Trump, Bigotry, and the 2016 Presidential ElectionChapter 7: A Bitter PresidencyChapter 8: Trump, Bigotry, and the 2020 ElectionChapter 9: The January Sixth Insurrection: Before, During, and After Chapter 10: Trump on the Wane?Part IV: Trumpism, Bigotry, and the Threat to American DemocracyChapter 11: Understanding the Threat to American DemocracyChapter 12: Saving the American ExperimentBibliographyAbout the Author

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Book SynopsisFor decades, conventional wisdom has held that Americans hate negativity in political advertising. Arguing against this commonly held view, the authors show that some negativity is accepted by voters as part of the political process, but that negative advertising is necessary to convey valuable information that would not otherwise be revealed.Trade Review"As America continues to polarize, the frequency of attacks in campaigns will only increase. Despite evidence showing that negativity has many payoffs, there is still substantial doubt about such claims. This book enters that breach with a timely array of data and theory that should find many interested readers." (John G. Geer, Vanderbilt University)"

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Book SynopsisArgues that when political candidates attack each other, raising doubts about each other's views, voters - and the democratic process - benefit. This study of negative advertising in presidential campaigns from 1960 to 2004, asserts that the proliferating attack ads are far more likely than positive ads to focus on political issues.Trade Review"This provocative and important book will be of interest not only to scholars in the fields of political advertising, media, and elections, but will also be vital to campaign consultants, political journalists, and political junkies of all sorts." - Ann Crigler, University of Southern California"

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsAcknowledgments Introduction 1: Why Responsibility Matters 2: Framing Effects of News Coverage 3: Methods of Research 4: Effects of Framing on Attributions of Responsibility for Crime and Terrorism 5: Effects of Framing on Attributions of Responsibility for Poverty, Unemployment, and Racial Inequality 6: Effects of Framing on Attributions of Responsibility for the Iran-Contra Affair 7: Effects of Attributions on Issue-Specific Opinions 8: Effects of Attributions on General Opinions 9: The Role of Individual Differences Conclusion Appendix A: Content Analysis Appendix B: Field Experiments Appendix C: Correlational Analysis Notes References Index

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Book SynopsisIn 2016, when millions of Americans voted for Donald Trump, many believed his claims that personal wealth would free him from wealthy donors and allow him to drain the swamp. But then Trump appointed several billionaires and multimillionaires to high-level positions and pursued billionaire-friendly policies, such as cutting corporate income taxes. Why the change from his fiery campaign rhetoric and promises to the working class? This should not be surprising, argue Benjamin I. Page, Jason Seawright, and Matthew J. Lacombe: As the gap between the wealthiest and the rest of us has widened, the few who hold one billion dollars or more in net worth have begun to play a more and more active part in politicswith serious consequences for democracy in the United States. Page, Seawright, and Lacombe argue that while political contributions offer a window onto billionaires' influence, especially on economic policy, they do not present a full picture of policy preferences and political actions

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Book SynopsisLainey Newman and Theda Skocpol provide timely insight into the relationship between the decline of unions and the shift of working-class voters away from Democrats.Trade ReviewWhen workers decades ago spoke the words, 'This is a union town!' they were describing not just a statistical fact but, more importantly, a lived and embedded reality. Unions, as Lainey Newman and Theda Skocpol write, represented 'a dense social web of interconnected workers, family members and neighbors.' Rust Belt Union Blues is an immensely important book, both for politics and for the social sciences. Politically, it explains why many white workers strayed from their old Democratic loyalties not because their views changed radically but because of transformations in their reference points and the ways they answered the need for community. Rust Belt Union Blues also calls on social scientists to enrich and go beyond survey research by paying far more attention to the networks people build and the lives they live. This book deserves wide readership—and may it encourage more volumes like it. -- E.J. Dionne Jr., author of Why the Right Went Wrong, coauthor of 100% DemocracyIn recent decades many working-class voters have turned away from the Democratic Party, especially in the country's former industrial regions. Rust Belt Union Blues shows how the decline of labor unions contributed to this trend. Unions historically built solidarity around shared values in working-class communities; the erosion of union strength has weakened these communities and this solidarity, profoundly changing working-class life. Rust Belt Union Blues is fascinating and important reading for anyone interested in the past, present, and future of working-class politics in America. -- Jeffry Frieden, author of Global Capitalism: Its Fall and Rise in the Twentieth Century and Its Stumbles in the Twenty-FirstHow refreshing to read a challenging account of how and why the Democratic Party lost a major constituency that attends to the people themselves, their communities, their organizations, and their struggles to make meaning of a politics that ceased to see them, hear them, or value them—to even respect them. For once, the authors enable us to hear the voices of human beings—not data points, utility functions, ideological categories, or labels. This work challenges us to focus on what a real constituency is—not a 'base' to be managed, but people who learn to stand together, work together, decide together, and act together. -- Marshall Ganz, Harvard Kennedy SchoolRead this book to better understand the roots of today’s political polarization. Newman and Skocpol document local unions’ historical role in the social life of manufacturing communities and show how deindustrialization and the disappearance of local unions helped turn these communities from blue to red. -- Frank Levy, MITA more granular look at the pre-Biden Democrats’ abandonment of working-class America...that illuminates the decline of an economic, social, and political world that once bolstered progressive and Democratic prospects. * American Prospect *Newman and Skocpol’s diagnosis of the causes and basic solution to the problem of working-class dealignment in the rust belt is right on the mark. * Jacobin *Table of ContentsPrefaceAcknowledgmentsList of Figures and Tables1. Understanding Social and Political Change in the Rust Belt2. The Social Underpinnings of the “Union Man”3. The Economic Breakdown of Big Labor from Without and Within4. Union Membership Transformed5. From Union Blue to Trump Red6. On Union Decline and the Potential for ResurgenceAppendix A. Voting Patterns in Western PennsylvaniaAppendix B. Sample Interview QuestionsAppendix C. Photographs in IBEW and USW NewslettersAppendix D. Local Union Mentions in IBEW and USW NewslettersNotesGlossaryIndex

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Book SynopsisPatrick J. Charles charts the rise of gun rights activism from the early twentieth century through the 1980 presidential election, pinpointing the role of the 1968 Gun Control Act. Offering a deep dive into the politicization of gun rights, Vote Gun reveals the origins of the acrimonious divisions that persist to this day.Trade ReviewIn Vote Gun, Patrick Charles sheds light on the historical origins of the gun debate, drawing on painstaking archival research and challenging received wisdom about the historical role of the “gun lobby.” This book is essential reading for anyone seeking to understand the balance of gun rights and regulation in the United States. -- Joseph Blocher, coauthor The Positive Second Amendment: Rights, Regulation, and the Future of HellerVote Gun challenges the NRA’s narrative of its own history, including the claim that it has the power to swing elections, as well as the conventional wisdom that the NRA only became a fierce gun lobby in the late 1970s. The book is an important history of the role of the gun rights movement, as well as the evolution of gun politics and policy, throughout the first eight decades of the twentieth century. -- Kristin Goss, coauthor of The Gun Debate: What Everyone Needs to KnowAn illuminating history of an oft-misunderstood political movement, Vote Gun is a thorough and persuasive account of the rise and transformation of gun rights politics. Patrick Charles is one of the most respected voices on gun law historiography, and this meticulous account will further cement that status. -- Eric Ruben, Southern Methodist University Dedman School of LawNo study has excavated NRA history to this depth and detail. The basic outlines of this narrative have been often told, but Charles here provides a degree of detail, nuance, and complexity that has not been brought to light until now. This alone makes it an important, and also highly readable, contribution. -- Robert J. Spitzer, author of The Gun Dilemma: How History Is Against Expanded Gun RightsThe story put together here is an important one. * National Review *Table of ContentsPrefaceIntroduction1. “A Shot Sure to Be Heard Around Congress”2. The Rise of the “Gun Lobby”3. The Great “Gun Lobby” Awakening4. A Political Synopsis of the Great “Gun Lobby” Awakening5. The Evolution of the NRA and Firearms Control Politics6. 1968: Firearms Control Becomes an Election Issue7. 1969–1970: The “No Compromise” Gun Rights Movement Arrives8. 1971–1974: Firearms Control Politics and the Saturday Night Special9. 1974–1980: The Gun Rights ReformationEpilogueNotesIndex

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Book SynopsisHow do upcoming elections influence presidents’ behavior during wartime? War on the Ballot examines how electoral politics shaped presidential decisions on military and diplomatic strategy during the wars in Korea, Vietnam, and Iraq.Trade ReviewAndrew Payne has written a truly excellent book. From the Korean and Vietnam Wars to the recent conflict in Iraq, his copiously researched and cogently argued case studies persuasively underline the importance of elections in shaping crucial presidential decisions. This is a must-read for anyone interested in the politics of America’s wars. -- Steven Casey, author of The War Beat, Pacific: The American Media at War Against JapanWith its razor-sharp conceptual framework and meticulously researched cases—backed up by a treasure trove of sources—this book opens a new window on the many and often surprising effects of the U.S. electoral cycle on presidential decision-making in times of war. -- Louise Fawcett, author of Iran and the Cold WarAndrew Payne has written an important book on the impact of the electoral cycle on American foreign policy. His well-conceived model for how domestic political considerations affect decision-making is grounded on finely crafted and well-researched case studies of the wars in Korea, Vietnam, and Iraq. An important contribution to a crucial dimension of American foreign-policy making. -- William B. Quandt, author of Camp David: Peacemaking and PoliticsWar on the Ballot is a richly detailed account of how electoral constraints affect presidential decision-making in war. In this important study of domestic politics and war, Payne shows how the shadow of an upcoming election can shape presidents’ choices—often with results that do not serve the voters well. -- Elizabeth N. Saunders, author of Leaders at War: How Presidents Shape Military InterventionsPayne effectively demonstrates that domestic electoral politics does indeed affect presidential decisions, often decisively. He presents the argument in such a systematic and persuasive way that it will be very difficult to read his book and still see the recent American wars in the same light. -- Thomas A. Schwartz, author of Henry Kissinger and American Power: A Political BiographyAndrew Payne’s War on the Ballot is replete with compelling evidence that attests to the influence of the electoral cycle on the military strategy of United States presidents. -- Jonny Hall, London School of Economics and Political Science * International Affairs *Table of ContentsAcknowledgmentsIntroduction1. Presidents, Politics, and War2. Korea: Truman, Eisenhower, and America’s First Limited War3. Vietnam: Lyndon Johnson and the “Americanization” of the War4. Vietnam: Richard Nixon and the “Vietnamization” of the War5. Iraq: George W. Bush and the Decision to Double Down6. Iraq: Barack Obama and the EndgameConclusionNotesBibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisHow do upcoming elections influence presidents’ behavior during wartime? War on the Ballot examines how electoral politics shaped presidential decisions on military and diplomatic strategy during the wars in Korea, Vietnam, and Iraq.Trade ReviewAndrew Payne has written a truly excellent book. From the Korean and Vietnam Wars to the recent conflict in Iraq, his copiously researched and cogently argued case studies persuasively underline the importance of elections in shaping crucial presidential decisions. This is a must-read for anyone interested in the politics of America’s wars. -- Steven Casey, author of The War Beat, Pacific: The American Media at War Against JapanWith its razor-sharp conceptual framework and meticulously researched cases—backed up by a treasure trove of sources—this book opens a new window on the many and often surprising effects of the U.S. electoral cycle on presidential decision-making in times of war. -- Louise Fawcett, author of Iran and the Cold WarAndrew Payne has written an important book on the impact of the electoral cycle on American foreign policy. His well-conceived model for how domestic political considerations affect decision-making is grounded on finely crafted and well-researched case studies of the wars in Korea, Vietnam, and Iraq. An important contribution to a crucial dimension of American foreign-policy making. -- William B. Quandt, author of Camp David: Peacemaking and PoliticsWar on the Ballot is a richly detailed account of how electoral constraints affect presidential decision-making in war. In this important study of domestic politics and war, Payne shows how the shadow of an upcoming election can shape presidents’ choices—often with results that do not serve the voters well. -- Elizabeth N. Saunders, author of Leaders at War: How Presidents Shape Military InterventionsPayne effectively demonstrates that domestic electoral politics does indeed affect presidential decisions, often decisively. He presents the argument in such a systematic and persuasive way that it will be very difficult to read his book and still see the recent American wars in the same light. -- Thomas A. Schwartz, author of Henry Kissinger and American Power: A Political BiographyAndrew Payne’s War on the Ballot is replete with compelling evidence that attests to the influence of the electoral cycle on the military strategy of United States presidents. -- Jonny Hall, London School of Economics and Political Science * International Affairs *Table of ContentsAcknowledgmentsIntroduction1. Presidents, Politics, and War2. Korea: Truman, Eisenhower, and America’s First Limited War3. Vietnam: Lyndon Johnson and the “Americanization” of the War4. Vietnam: Richard Nixon and the “Vietnamization” of the War5. Iraq: George W. Bush and the Decision to Double Down6. Iraq: Barack Obama and the EndgameConclusionNotesBibliographyIndex

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Book Synopsis“A brilliant, fast-moving narrative history of the leaders who have defined the modern American presidency.”—Bob WoodwardTrade Review"Greenberg is a terrific storyteller. . . . An education and an engrossing read." -- Christopher Buckley - National Interest"Fine, nuanced." -- Michael Beschloss - New York Times Book Review"Greenberg neatly weaves a history of public relations into his political tale." -- H. W. Brands - Washington Post"This essential book is going to wind up on every politico’s shelf." -- Matthew Cooper - Washingtonian"In Republic of Spin, David Greenberg opens a new and revealing window on the modern American presidency by showing how the effort to manipulate public opinion has long been a central obsession in the Oval Office. Vivid characters, some very famous and some obscure, bring this important story to life and enlighten us about what presidents can and cannot accomplish." -- Jeffrey Toobin, author of The Oath and The Nine"Anyone wishing to understand how our politics evolved from the era of Teddy Roosevelt’s bully pulpit to the exquisitely calibrated constructions of today’s publicists, pollsters, speechwriters, and snakes needs to read Republic of Spin. David Greenberg’s book is everything that a political history should be—vivid, comprehensive, and important." -- Daniel Okrent, author of Last Call: The Rise and Fall of Prohibition"An utterly engrossing and deeply authoritative examination of spin and the American presidency—its origins, its vital role over the past century, its enduring importance. Greenberg’s elegant narrative brings this history vividly alive, as he weaves individual lives and broader societal forces into a major reassessment of modern American political culture. Spin has always been a part of politics, and it always will be; read this gem of a book to find out why that is, and what it means for our democracy." -- Fredrik Logevall, Pulitzer Prize–winning author of Embers of War

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Book SynopsisThe advent of new technology and the importation of ''professional communicators'' has transformed the nature of British election campaigning. In this book, Dennis Kavanagh explores this so-called process of ''Americanization'', characterized by the increasing importance of the media in elections and the rise of advertising agencies, pollsters, public relations advisers and speechwriters. He examines how the ''professional communicators'' function within British politics, and assesses the reaction of the politicians themselves to the changing environment of election campaigns.Trade Review"In 1978, with Thatcher's agreement, a contract for media promotion of the Conservative Party's election campaign was awarded to the advertising agency, Saatchi and Saatchi. The contract with this agency was to be renewed over the ensuing years; in 1992, the Saatchi election budget was around u5 million and the account was still being paid off 24 months later by a Conservative Party heavily in debt. Over the past decades, methods of conducting election campaigns have greatly changed. Politicians increasingly rely on the skills of 'professional communicators' - advertisers, pollsters, public relations advisers - to help them fight media-orientated campaigns. There has been a sharp decline in door-to-door canvassing, while public meetings, which used to be widely attended, have been largely abandoned. Membership and activity in political parties is now at a post-war low, while voters have become spectators rather than participants in debate. In this illuminating study, the author examines how and why the changes in electioneering methods have come about. It raises many important but unresolved questions." Labour Research "This is a book that Mr Major and Mr Blair should make sure is thumbed through by their present day publicists and media advisers." Parliamentary BriefTable of ContentsList pf Figures. List of Tables. Preface. Acknowledgements. Introduction. 1. New Campaign Communications. 2. Context. 3. Political Communications: Conservatives. 4. Political Communications: Labour. 5. Public Opinion Polls. 6. Private Opinion Polls. 7. Uses and Limits of Political Marketing. 8. Mass Media: Press. 9. Mass Media: Television. 10. Americanization. 11. Conclusion. List of Interviewees. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisIn 1920, socialist leader Eugene V. Debs ran for president while serving a ten-year jail term for speaking against America's role in World War I. In this book, Freeberg shows that the campaign to send Debs from an Atlanta jailhouse to the White House was part of a wider national debate over the right to free speech in wartime.Trade ReviewDemocracy's Prisoner powerfully reminds us of the pressure that war places on our First Amendment rights. The fight to free Debs almost a century ago was the first time that Americans organized to defend the right to speak against war. A timely lesson for us today. -- Nadine Strossen, President, American Civil Liberties UnionA beautifully crafted narrative of Debs' prosecution, incarceration, and the fight to free him that effectively recreates the dramatic crisis of the left and the rise of a civil liberties lobby during and just after World War I. An excellent and compelling book. -- Michael Kazin, author ofWilliam Jennings Bryan: A Godly HeroDemocracy's Prisoneris a superb account of the battle over free speech and civil liberties in the WW I era, beautifully argued and engrossing to read. Freeberg brings a wonderfully fresh perspective to this study of citizens' heroism, showing us the courage and shrewdness of the ever admirable Debs. But perhaps more important, he reveals for the first time the critical role that ordinary citizens, led by a political novice, played in mobilizing moderate Americans on his behalf. This book could not be more timely. -- Christine Stansell, author of American Moderns: Bohemian New York and the Creation of a New CenturyThis account of the trial and jailing of Eugene V. Debs for sedition in opposing WWI will be read by many as a warning for our times, yet it stands on its own as solid history...Freeberg relates this tale in a fast-paced narrative...The most enduring consequence of this whole affair is the fuel it contributed to the growth of civil liberties consciousness and organization in the United States. Not for the first time, administrations brought about the very results they most opposed. * Publishers Weekly *Freeberg argues that Debs's case illustrates the problems associated with silencing public discourse, most especially during a time of war. Debs was never a threat to national security; instead, he was a principled individual expressing his political beliefs. This excellent introduction to Debs and the Socialist Party is also an engaging examination of an issue that still tensely engages us today. -- Michael LaMagna * Library Journal *The Eugene V. Debs story is a moving, albeit instructive one, though he likely will never be given his due as one of the great figures of American history. Jailed for speaking out against the so-called “war to end all wars,” Socialist Debs ran for president in 1920, garnering a million votes. By the way, when he was finally released from that same Atlanta penitentiary, the whole of the prison’s population--guards and prisoners--cheered him. -- Robert Birnbaum * The Morning News *If history is what the present wants to know about the past, Democracy’s Prisoner is teeming with lessons. But above all, it’s the story of one extraordinary man’s showdown with the establishment--and how that confrontation turned into a complex political struggle whose outcome was up for grabs. Carefully researched and expertly told, Debs’ story also brings a fascinating era into sharp, vivid focus. -- Peter Richardson * Los Angeles Times Book Review *Freeberg's Democracy's Prisoner explores the arrest, prosecution, and imprisonment of Eugene V. Debs and the subsequent campaign to free him from a federal penitentiary. America's best-known socialist, Debs was loved by the party faithful and despised by conservatives as a traitor. For speaking out against the war, he became one of some 2,000 people arrested, and 1,200 convicted, for challenging the Wilson administration's war policy. Sentenced to 10 years in prison, Debs immediately became a cause célèbre to socialists, trade unionists, and civil libertarians...In [his] timely, readable, and engaging book, Freeberg reminds us of the fragility of rights in the context of fear, providing us with cautionary tales about what is lost when unquestioned political obligations trump the preservation of liberty. -- Eric Arnesen * Boston Globe *Freeberg has written an exhaustive account of the three-year campaign to free Debs from federal custody while the nation struggled over civil rights and government power in the last days of the Wilson administration, which included the notorious "Palmer Raids" on suspected dissidents. -- Bob Hoover * Pittsburgh Post-Gazette *Eugene Debs is a largely forgotten man today, an odd footnote in American history of the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. But this fascinating book about his climactic last years makes clear that he really mattered. In both political and legal ways he played a significant part in reducing intolerance of dissent in this country, and bringing to life the First Amendment's guarantee of free speech. -- Anthony Lewis * New York Review of Books *Sending Debs to prison made him the center of a campaign for freedom of speech for dissenters and antiwar activists. And when the courts eventually recognized a constitutional right to dissent, they were following a broad public debate spurred by talented organizers and activists who came from places ranging from Debs's own Socialist Party to the new American Civil Liberties Union to the rank-and-file locals of the American Federation of Labor. Freeberg's beautifully written book combines a political biography of Debs in his years of crisis with a broader argument about the unintended consequences of the campaign to win his release. -- Jon Wiener * Dissent *An important contribution for those interested in Eugene Debs and the early days of the American Socialist Party. -- R. J. Goldstein * Choice *Table of Contents* List of Illustrations * Prologue: Free Speech Campaign * Dangerous Man * Never Be a Soldier * War Declarations * Canton Picnic * Cleveland * Appeal * Long Trolley to Prison * Moundsville * Atlanta Penitentiary * An Amnesty Business on Every Block * Candidate 9653 * The Trials of A. Mitchell Palmer * The Last Campaign * Lonely Obstinacy * Free Speech and Normalcy * Last Flicker of the Dying Candle * Epilogue: Amnesty and the Birth of Civil Liberties * Notes * Archives Consulted * Acknowledgments * Index

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Book SynopsisVoting as a Rite examines China's experiments with elections from the perspective of intellectual and cultural history. Rather than arguing that such exercises were either successful or failed attempts at political democracy, Hill instead asks: how did those who participated in Chinese elections define success or failure for themselves?Trade ReviewProvides a long-term view of political activity in that country from the 19th century to the present day in China and Taiwan. * Choice *

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Book SynopsisVoting as a Rite examines China's experiments with elections from the perspective of intellectual and cultural history. Rather than arguing that such exercises were either successful or failed attempts at political democracy, Hill instead asks: how did those who participated in Chinese elections define success or failure for themselves?Trade ReviewProvides a long-term view of political activity in that country from the 19th century to the present day in China and Taiwan. * Choice *

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Book SynopsisOffering a comparative history of marketing and campaigning, this book generates a "jukebox model" of participation and shows that expressive choice has become a target for those eliciting mass participation and public support.Trade Review"Intriguing, carefully argued, complex, and engagingly written ... this book makes a valuable contribution and deserves to be widely read by theorists on both sides of the theoretical divide."--Choice "A well-written piece full of perceptive discussions ... Schuessler's call to think of 'choice as being' is a powerful one... He has provided abundant food for thought for social scientists of many different persuasions."--Luis Fernando Medina, American Journal of SociologyTable of ContentsPreface ix Chapter One Expressive Choice and Mass Participation 3 1.1 Approaching Noninstrumental Choice 5 1.2 Methodological, But Not Ontological, Individualism 6 1.3 Overview 8 Part One: Theory 11 Chapter Two A Jukebox Model of Participation 13 2.1 Claiming Popularity 16 2.2 Horizontal Shielding of Fellow Participants 18 2.3 Horizontal Shielding of Competing Producers 21 2.4 Imposing a Cost of Participation 23 2.5 Idiom versus Motivation 26 2.6 Conclusion 27 Chapter Three Theoretical Frame 1: Choice and Doing 29 3.1 Turnout 31 3.2 Choice 36 3.3 Responses to the Participation Paradox 40 3.4 Preliminary Conclusion 47 Chapter Four Theoretical Frame 2: Choice and Being 49 4.1 Expressive Motivation and Symbolic Utility 50 4.2 Operationalizing Expressive Choice 59 4.3 Conclusion 62 Part Two: Analysis 65 Chapter Five Soft Drinks and Presidents: The Rise of Expressive Campaigns 67 5.1 Marketing and Campaigning 68 5.2 Three Phases of Mass Appeals: Soft Drinks 74 5.3 Three Phases of Mass Appeals: Presidents 79 5.4 Shielding: The "Lemons" Problem 84 5.5 Conclusion 87 Chapter Six Expressive Utility and Momentum 91 6.1 The Model 92 6.2 Heterogeneous Preferences and Turnout 105 6.3 Discussion: Momentum 112 6.4 Conclusion 117 Chapter Seven Instrumental Enhancement and Its Expressive Costs 119 7.1 Producer Interest and Producer Cost 121 7.2 Raising Benefit 124 7.3 Lowering Cost 126 7.4 Analytical Effects 128 7.5 Turnout and Negative Campaigning 130 7.6 Supply Constraints 131 7.7 Expressive Costs of Instrumental Enhancement 133 7.8 Commodification 137 7.9 Conclusion 139 Chapter Eight Expressive Momentum Strategies 141 8.1 Strategic Distortion of Participation Levels 142 8.2 "Visible" Participation 143 8.3 Expressive Essence 144 8.4 Comparative Statics 145 8.5 Nonequilibrium Optima and Groucho Equilibria 146 8.6 The Cost of Inducing Marginal Participation 147 8.7 Distortion Targets and Controlling Momentum 148 8.8 Cost Constraints 150 8.9 Profit Maximization versus Participant Maximization 152 8.10 Composition of Utility 153 8.11 Conclusion 156 Conclusion 159 References 163 Index 171

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Book SynopsisExamines how and when politicians play the race card and then manage to plausibly deny doing so. This book analyzes the causes, dynamics, and consequences of racially loaded political communication.Trade ReviewWinner of the Woodrow Wilson Foundation Award "In this excellent study, Tali Mendelberg develops an original argument about the use of implicit racial appeals in political campaigns. She creatively deploys a variety of methods and offers important insights in whites' racial thinking and particularly into the ways modern politicians play upon anti-black racial prejudice and antagonism while retaining respectability... The book is an important contribution to political psychology: a case study in one critical realm of politics (interracial or ethnic relations) of how affect and cognition interact with political culture, processes, incentives, and institutions to shape political behavior at both the elite and mass levels. Unusually for a study so thoroughly grounded in social science methods, the book also treats and links its arguments to the history of U.S. race relations, adding to its value."--Robert Entman, Political Psychology "[A]n impressive and controversial analysis."--Scott Althaus, Harvard International Journal of Press and Politics 2002 "[G]roundbreaking on a number of levels and deserves attention from students of race, mass media effects, campaigns, elite behavior, and public opinion... It should be praised for the sheer volume of empirical evidence it presents and for the high risk of disconfirmation this poses for its central thesis. It should be read not only by those interested in the historical and contemporary role of racial appeals in modern American campaigns, but also by those seeking a model for rigorous, multimethodological, empirical social science research."--Nicholas Valentino, Public Opinion Quarterly "Mendelberg uses historical and experimental surveys and concludes that implicit communication about race is far more prevalent today among dominant groups and far more deadly because it is less visible than the overt racism of the 1960s. Mendelberg's book is a must read. She combines normative and quantitative analysis with self-reflection."--Choice "This book attempts something new and innovative within political science but it does so through a careful deployment of theoretical and methodological procedures acceptable to political scientists."--Andy R. Brown, Ethnic and Racial Studies "In The Race Card, Tali Mendelberg develops a comprehensive theory of the use of implicit racial messages in election campaigns and the relative effectiveness of these messages with voters... Mendelberg takes this thesis and rigorously tests it at each level of analysis... [Her] work is impressive. She has grounded a comprehensive theory of implicit racial messages in the literature on public opinion, the social psychology of prejudice, and the racial character of American political parties. She provides compelling evidence from a variety of sources: experiments, analysis of survey data, and content analysis... Her conclusions make a significant contribution to our understanding of how racial messages work in election campaigns. Her findings will contribute to sociologists working in the fields of race and ethnicity, mass media, and political sociology."--Matthew Schneirov, Contemporary Sociology "Mendelberg mines an impressive array of empirical evidence in support of her thesis... Her book merits a careful reading by sociologists, psychologists, political scientists, historians, and communications scientists interested in norms, racial attitudes, and political campaigns."--Felicia Pratto, American Journal of Sociology "The Race Card offers a methodologically rich and convincing account of the impact of subtle race cues in contemporary American politics. Although her thesis is a controversial one, Mendelberg develops a careful and cogent argument that racial attitudes can have a substantial effect on candidate evaluations--provided that candidates craft a racial appeal that appears to be about something other than race... The author deserves considerable credit for the ingenuity and care that went into her experimental designs... Virtually no one in this subfield has gone to greater lengths to ensure that a study occurred under the most realistic conditions possible... Mendelberg's book should be regarded as a major contribution to the field of race and politics. Although Mendelberg's thesis will undoubtedly be regarded as controversial in some circles, her book goes a long way in providing compelling evidence that race, and racial attitudes, still matter in contemporary American politics."--Vince Hutchings, American Political Science Review "By almost any definition this is a readable book... Mendelberg has made a substantive contribution to our understanding of the political and cultural implications for a nation whose majority cannot seem to find a model other than white or black."--Kenneth O'Reilly, Journal of Southern HistoryTable of ContentsList of Illustrations vii List of Tables ix Preface xi PART ONE: THE ORIGIN OF IMPLICIT RACIAL APPEALS 1 Chapter 1. A Theory of Racial Appeals 3 Chapter 2. The Norm of Racial Inequality Electoral Strategy and Explicit Appeals 28 Chapter 3. The Norm of Racial Equality Electoral Strategy and Implicit Appeals 67 PART TWO: THE IMPACT OF IMPLICIT RACIAL APPEALS 109 Chapter 4. The Political Psychology of Implicit Communication 111 Chapter 5. Crafting Conveying and Challenging Implicit Racial Appeals: Campaign Strategy and News Coverage 134 Chapter 6. The Impact of Implicit Messages 169 Chapter 7. Implicit Explicit and Counter-Stereotypical Messages: The Welfare Experiment 191 Chapter 8. Psychological Mechanisms: The Norms Experiment 209 PART THREE: IMPLICATIONS OF IMPLICIT RACIAL APPEALS 237 Chapter 9. Implicit Communication beyond Race: Gender Sexual Orientation and Ethnicity 239 Chapter 10. Political Communication and Equality 268 References 277 Index 299

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Book SynopsisHow did Republicans manage to hold the White House through much of the past half century even as the Democratic Party held the hearts of most American voters? This study develops and tests a general theory of cultural politics in the United States.Trade ReviewWinner of the 2005 Best Book on Religion and Politics, Religion and Politics Section of the American Political Science Association "The Politics of Cultural Differences provides a compelling account of American electoral politics, and of presidential campaigns specifically, over the last four decades of the twentieth century."--Robert A. Jackson, Social ForcesTable of ContentsFigures and Tables ix Preface xi PART I: Cultural Theory and Recent American Politics Chapter One Anomalies of Post-New Deal Politics 3 Chapter Two The Political Mobilization of Cultural Differences 13 Chapter Three General Components of Cultural Theory in Political Conflict 39 Chapter Four Election Rituals, Ideological Movements, and Group Politics 56 Chapter Five Psychological Mechanisms and Campaign Strategies 83 PART II: Case Studies of the Political Mobilization of Cultural Differences Chapter Six Cultural Strains in the New Deal Coalition 101 Chapter Seven A Methodology for Assessing Cultural Politics 130 Chapter Eight Keeping America Purposeful, Powerful, and Pure 158 Chapter Nine Race and the Transformation of the Contemporary Party System 179 Chapter Ten Gender, Religion, and the Second Party Transformation 203 Chapter Eleven Cultural Politics: Some Conclusions and Practical Implications 252 References 271 Index 283

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Book SynopsisArgues that campaigns do play their role in sustaining democracy, mainly because they bring about a dialogue among candidates, the press, and the people. This book takes a look at the exchange of ideas through language used in campaign speeches, political advertising, public debates, print and broadcast news, and a various letters to the editor.Trade ReviewWinner of the 2009 Doris Graber Book Award, Section on Political Communication of the American Political Science Association "This upbeat assessment is founded on a careful look at language... Readers may not be ready to embrace electoral politics as a national treasure, but Hart's suggestion that at least something positive can be gleaned from the campaign trail is reassuring."--Publishers Weekly "Campaign Talk should be required reading for politicians and their speechwriters. However, it is also for political campaign workers who talk about "staying on the message" and really for anyone who need to be reminded that democracy is not for the complacent but rather it is a dirty-your-fingernails process that anyone can, and should, dive into."--David Kissinger, San Franciso Bay Guardian "Hart is to be complimented for what is ... a brave premise and encouraging analysis... [He] has written a useful and impressive book."--Lane Crothers, Quarterly Journal of Speech "For those cynical and pessimistic about American political campaigns, this book may be an appropriate antidote... The sophisticated research methodology does not detract from the readable text."--Library Journal "In [his] fascinating new book ... Roderick Hart uses a computer to analyze the language of candidates to see how their vocabularies work. Specifically, [he] shows how a candidate is or is not in touch with his times."--Suzanne Fields, Washington Times "The book to buy for the Rodney Dangerfield campaign operative in your life, sure to buck him up on those long bus rides."--Carlin Romano, Philadelphia Inquirer "Hart forces us to rethink some cliches of political kibitzing... Campaigns teach, sensitize, and activate the people as they preach to them."--Carlin Romano, Philadelphia Inquirer "[Hart] treats presidential campaigns as a conversation among the people, the press, and the nation's leaders, and finds they serve the nation well. Such optimistic conclusions seem to run against the conventional wisdom and numerous recent more rigorous analyses, yet it would be difficult to find in Hart's persuasive and enthusiastic analysis flaws serious enough to undermine his conclusions. The success of his volume lies precisely in the mix of "hard" and "soft" methodology. American democracy seen through the prism of work usage looks impressively stable and efficient... No matter how skeptical and cautious readers may be, they must admit that Hart develops his argument in a captivatingly persuasive fashion."--Bohdan Szlarski, The Review of PoliticsTable of ContentsList of Figures ix List of Tables xi Preface xiii CHAPTER 1 Campaign Questions 3 CHAPTER 2 Campaign Language 23 CHAPTER 3 Campaign Evolution 46 CHAPTER 4 Campaign Functions 75 CHAPTER 5 Campaign Forums 103 CHAPTER 6 The Political Voice 140 CHAPTER 7 The Media's Voice 169 CHAPTER 8 The People's Voice 199 CHAPTER 9 Campaign Reflections 226 APPENDIX 1 DICTION: The Text Analysis Program 245 APPENDIX 2 Statistical Notes 253 APPENDIX 3 Sampling Details 263 Notes 269 Index 299

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Book SynopsisMost theories of elections assume that voters and political actors are fully rational. This title provides a behavioral theory of elections based on the notion that all actors - politicians as well as voters - are only boundedly rational.Trade Review"[T]his book offers plenty food for thought for both theoretical and empirical minded scholars and is a must read for anyone interested in understanding the dynamics of electoral competition."--Jasper Muis, Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation "It ... need[s] to be confronted and digested by every graduate student who hopes to make his or her scholarly name in this field, because it provides a way to unify the higgledy-piggledy world of political behavior. It isn't the final word, but it is an important early step."--Kenneth A. Shepsle, Perspectives on PoliticsTable of ContentsAcknowledgments xi Chapter One: Bounded Rationality and Elections 1 1.1 Framing and Representations 5 1.2 Heuristics 8 1.3 Aspiration-based Adaptation and Bounded Rationality 12 1.4 Plan of This Book 21 Chapter Two: Aspiration-based Adaptive Rules 23 2.1 ABARs Defined 23 2.2 Some Important Properties of ABARs 33 2.3 The Evidential Status of Aspiration-based Adaptation 46 Chapter Three: Party Competition 52 3.1 Related Work 54 3.2 The Model and Its Implications 56 3.3 Informed and/or Sophisticated Challengers 68 3.4 Robustness Issues 74 3.5 Conclusions 78 Chapter Four: Turnout 80 4.1 The Model 82 4.2 Main Results 85 4.3 Variations in Participation 96 4.4 Conclusions 107 Chapter Five: Voter Choice 109 5.1 The Model 112 5.2 The Endogenous Emergence of Party Affiliation 116 5.3 Misperceptions 121 5.4 Retrospection and Prospection Combined 122 5.5 Voter Sophistication and Electoral Outcomes 124 5.6 Institutions and Unsophisticated Retrospective Voters 128 5.7 Conclusions 130 Chapter Six: An Integrated Model of Two-Party Elections 132 6.1 Full Computational Model for Two Parties 134 6.2 Some Results of the Basic Integrated Model 138 6.3 The Choices of Voters 141 6.4 Party Location 145 6.5 Turnout 148 6.6 New Questions 152 6.7 Conclusion 159 Chapter Seven: Elections with Multiple Parties 161 7.1 Extending Our Results to Multiple Parties 161 7.2 Multicandidate Competition and Duverger's Law 166 7.3 The Model and Simulation Results 173 7.4 An Intuition 180 7.5 ABARs and Dynamic Stability 183 7.6 Model Meets Data 184 Chapter Eight: Conclusions: Bounded Rationality and Elections 191 8.1 Testing the Theory 194 8.2 Normative Considerations: Voter Error and Systemic Performance 196 8.3 Extensions 198 Appendix A: Proofs 205 Appendix B: The Computational Model 215 B.1 Overview 215 B.2 Graphical Model 216 B.3 Batch Model 229 Bibliography 233 Index 249

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Book SynopsisDemonstrating how candidates and their campaigns affect the economic vote, this book provides a different way of understanding past elections - and predicting future ones. It offers a theory of campaigns that explains why electoral victory requires more than simply being the candidate favored by prevailing economic conditions.Trade Review"This is not just another book about the impact of the economy on elections. The Message Matters breaks new ground in showing how presidential candidates effectively use the economy when it works in their favor and how some candidates win even when the economy is working against them."--Stanley B. Greenberg, American Prospect "Lucid writing sheds light on a subject often neglected, and readers can glean some useful information."--Choice "This is an impressive book. Vavreck's main contributions are to offer a coherent theory of how economic context should condition campaign effects, to document what types of campaigns presidential candidates have run, and to show that those candidates running the campaigns she suggests have influenced the election in their favor."--Jonathan Nagler, Political Science Quarterly "Vavreck's book is an interesting and very readable contribution for people with an interest in media and election studies. The themes candidates use within American election cycles are now much better illuminated and Vavreck opens the door for a host of exciting analyses that will likely be built on The Message Matters' foundation."--Anders B. Rasmussen, MedieKulturTable of ContentsList of Figures xi List of Tables xiii Acknowledgments xvii Prologue xxi CHAPTER ONE: Presidential Campaigns 1 Basic Questions 2 What's Coming 3 PART I CHAPTER TWO: How and Why Campaigns Matter 9 The Challenge 10 Something's Happening in America 11 The Importance of the Economy 12 The Importance of the Media 14 A Theory of Campaign Effects 15 Integrating Literatures 16 Spatial Voting: The Past as Predictor of the Future 18 Retrospective Voting and Campaign Effects 22 Individual-Level Characteristics and Campaign Effects 23 CHAPTER THREE: Context Matters: A Campaign Typology 26 Theoretical Predictions 28 A Campaign Typology 31 Clarifying Campaigns 31 Insurgent Campaigns 32 When the Economy Is Mixed 33 Predicting Campaign Types, 1952-2000 35 PART II CHAPTER FOUR: The Media Disconnect:Media and Candidate Messages 43 Candidates' Messages and How to Measure Them 46 Advertisements and Speeches 46 Newspaper Coverage 48 Coding the Ads, Speeches, and News Coverage 53 The Content of Modern Campaigns 57 The Media Disconnect 58 CHAPTER FIVE: The Message Matters: Candidate-Level Tests of the Theory 67 Clarifying Campaigns: Dominating Economic Discussion 69 Insurgent Campaigns: Issue Selection Matters 71 Stevenson 1952 and 1956: Second Time Same as the First 76 Goldwater 1964: Just Enough Power to Get the Job Done 78 Carter 1980 and Mondale 1984:War through Strength 80 Dukakis 1988: An Unfocused American Dream 82 Insurgent Candidates Making Wise Choices 83 Kennedy 1960: High Hopes 83 Nixon 1968: Freedom from Fear or Racial Appeal? 86 Carter 1976: Outside and Honest 90 Two More Tests of the Theory at the Candidate Level 105 A More Rigorous Test of Compliance 105 Explaining the Errors in Forecasting Models 107 PART III CHAPTER SIX: The Message Matters:Microlevel Tests of the Theory 113 Clarifying Candidate Campaign Effects: Do Campaign Messages Shape Voters' Evaluations of Candidates? 115 High Fidelity? 116 Ads:Messages That Matter 120 Clarifying Candidate Campaign Effects: Do Campaign Messages Help Voters Learn about Candidates' Issue Positions? 123 Measuring Uncertainty 125 Reducing Uncertainty 128 Campaign Learning about the Economy 131 Insurgent-Candidate Campaign Effects: Changing the Debate by Increasing the Importance of Issues 134 The Most Important Problem in the Nation 137 Most Important Problem and Vote Choice 140 Insurgent Candidate Campaign Effects: Being Closer to Most Voters on the Insurgent Issue 144 The Difference in Distances 144 Differences in Distances and Vote Choice 151 The Message and Its Effects 155 CHAPTER SEVEN: Candidates Creating Context 159 Can Candidates Create the Context? 160 Creating Salience: Finding the Right Insurgent Issue 163 Appendix 167 References 191 Index 199

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Book SynopsisOffers comprehensive analysis of electoral politics in America's municipalities. Arguing that explanations of voting behavior are ill suited for local contests, the author puts forward a theory that the differences between local, state, and national democracies.Trade ReviewWinner of the 2013 Best Book Award, Urban Politics Organized Section of the American Political Science Association "This study takes a modest step toward filling a vast hole in the systematic investigation of local elections in the U.S."--ChoiceTable of ContentsAcknowledgments ix Introduction 1 Chapter 1 Size, Scope, and Bias: What Differentiates Local Electoral Politics? 12 Chapter 2 Who Votes in Local Elections? 53 Chapter 3 Who Runs for Local Office? 87 Chapter 4 Systematic versus Idiosyncratic Factors in Local Elections 116 Chapter 5 What Influences Local Voters' Electoral Choices? 149 Chapter 6 Rethinking Local Democracy 183 References 209 Index 215

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Book SynopsisOn the night of the 2000 presidential election, Americans watched on television as polling results divided the nation's map into red and blue states. This title debunks these and other political myths. It includes easy-to-read graphics explaining the 2008 election. It is suitable for those seeking to make sense of fractured political landscape.Trade Review"Gelman and a group of fellow political scientists crunch numbers and draw graphs, arriving at a picture that refutes the [idea] ... of poor red-staters voting Republican against their economic interests. Instead, Gelman persuasively argues, the poor in both red states and blue still mostly vote Democratic, and the rich, nationally speaking, overwhelmingly vote Republican."--Leo Carey, New Yorker "Commentators on both the left and the right have theorized about why working-class Kansas farmers and latte-sipping Maryland suburbanites vote against their economic interests... The real paradox, [Gelman] says, is that while rich states lean Democratic, rich people generally vote Republican; while poor states lean Republican, poor people generally vote Democratic."--Alan Cooperman, Washington Post Book World "This is the Freakonomics-style analysis that every candidate and campaign consultant should read."--Robert Sommer, New York Observer "Gelman works his way, state by state, to help us better understand the relationship of class, culture, and voting. The book is a terrific read and offers much insight into the changing electoral landscape."--Sudhir Venkatesh, Freakonomics blog "[T]his book already analyzes far more data than do most. On that note, it is worth lauding another of this book's strengths: its rich graphical presentation of evidence. Its numerous figures often allow the reader to see the data and to draw one's own inferences, and they render the book accessible to those with little statistical training."--Gabriel S. Lenz, Public Opinion Quarterly "Although the book is stronger on description than interpretation, it raises important questions and presents its findings in a clear and readable fashion that encourages replication, critique, and elaboration... Red State, Blue State shows that much can be learned from applying serious quantitative analysis to popular ideas. It debunks popular misconceptions, but also reveals the limitations of most academic analyses."--David L. Weakliem, International Review of Modern SociologyTable of ContentsPART I: THE PARADOX 1 Chapter 1: Introduction 3 Chapter 2: Rich State, Poor State 8 Chapter 3: How the Talking Heads Can Be So Confused 24 PART II: WHAT'S GOING ON 41 Chapter 4: Income and Voting over Time 43 Chapter 5: Inequality and Voting 58 Chapter 6: Religious Reds and Secular Blues 76 Chapter 7: The United States in Comparative Perspective 94 PART III: WHAT IT MEANS 109 Chapter 8: Polarized Parties 111 Chapter 9: Competing to Build a Majority Coalition 137 Chapter 10: Putting It All Together 165 Afterword The 2008 Election 179 Notes and Sources 197 Index 241

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Book SynopsisGovernments and NGOs - in an effort to promote democracy, freedom, fairness, and stability throughout the world - have organized teams of observers to monitor elections in a variety of countries. This book argues that the practice of international election monitoring is broken, but still worth fixing.Trade ReviewCo-Winner of the 2013 Chadwick F. Alger Prize, International Studies Association One of Choice's Outstanding Academic Titles for 2013 "Monitoring Democracy is an impressive attempt to assess the success of international election monitoring by systematically comparing several hundred monitoring missions across the globe... [Kelley] also offers extensive concrete suggestions for improving monitoring in the future. This book addresses a major gap in the literature, in which there are numerous individual case studies but little serious comparative work. It is, therefore, mandatory reading for election monitoring professionals and for scholars doing research in that area."--Choice "Monitoring Democracy provides an insightful analysis of a topic of utmost policy relevance. Kelley carefully considers confounding factors, selection problems and possible biases in the data. The book touches on many interesting questions, and even offers advice to practitioners. The data work is impressive, both in terms of the codification of monitors' reports and the number of case-studies."--Karina Cendon Boveda, International Affairs "Kelley has produced a fine piece of scholarship that should be required reading for scholars interested in democracy promotion, as well as practitioners. The analysis is careful, broad, and admirably conversant in the details of specific countries and elections... One of her greatest contributions is the associated data set, which is publicly available and codes for both the characteristics of the monitoring missions and their detailed evaluations. Hence, interested researchers are amply supplied with the theoretical and empirical tools to build on Kelley's work."--Michael K. Miller, Perspectives on Politics "[T]his hook provides a rich, cogent, and thought-provoking entry point. It is essential reading for those interested in democracy promotion, international organizations and norms, and international influences on domestic politics."--Daniela Donno, Political Science Quarterly "Monitoring Democracy stands out as a major landmark in studies on the ways and waywardness of international election observers."--Manu V. Devadevan, Human Rights ReviewTable of ContentsIllustrations xi Tables xiii Preface xv Abbreviations xix PART I Chapter 1: Introduction 3 Two Questions 6 Methods of Analysis 12 Chapter 2: Th e Rise of a New Norm 16 The Changing Normative Environment 21 Contestation 23 Increased Supply and Demand 26 The Popularization of Monitoring 28 Monitoring Today: Organizational Variation 34 Summary 41 Chapter 3: Th e Shadow Market 43 Disagreements about Contested Elections 47 Who Invites Whom? 54 Discussion 56 Chapter 4: What Infl uences Monitors' Assessments? 59 Analyzing Summary Monitor Assessments 60 Five Types of Bias 63 Discussion 75 Chapter 5: Do Politicians Change Tactics to Evade Criticism? 77 What Constitutes Evidence of a Monitor- Induced Shift ? 78 What Are the Safer Forms of Cheating? 80 Data: Th e Varieties of Irregularities 82 The Record 84 Discussion 92 PART II Chapter 6: International Monitors as Reinforcement 97 Altering Incentives to Cheat 99 Altering Domestic Conditions 104 If It Works, When Should It Work? 107 Summary 109 Chapter 7: Are Monitored Elections Better? 112 Measures of Election Quality 112 An Overview of the Record 115 Statistical Analysis 121 Discussion 129 Chapter 8: Long- Term Eff ects 131 Selection of Countries and Method of Analysis 133 Do International Monitors Improve Elections Over Time? 136 When Do Countries Follow the Recommendations of International Monitors? 141 Discussion 151 Conclusion: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly 155 Do Monitors Assess Elections Accurately and Objectively? 156 Do Monitors Improve the Quality of Elections? 166 Closing Th oughts 176 Appendix A: Data Description 181 Two Datasets 181 Variables 184 Appendix B: Statistical Supplement to Chapter 3 195 Appendix C: Statistical Supplement to Chapter 4 197 Dependent Variable 197 Analysis 197 Appendix D: Statistical Supplement to Chapter 7 199 with Mark Buntaine Additional Description of Matching Process 199 Appendix E: Case Summaries 211 with Kiril Kolev Albania: Th e Importance of Leverage 211 Armenia: Paper Compliance 214 Bangladesh: Slowly but Surely? 218 Bulgaria: Motivated but Slow 221 El Salvador: International Meddling for Both Good and Bad 223 Georgia: Not So Rosy 228 Guyana: Uphill Battle 232 Indonesia: A Sluggish Behemoth 237 Kenya: One Step Forward, Two Steps Back 242 Lesotho: Deadlock 245 Mexico: Constructive Engagement 247 Nicaragua: Excessive Meddling and Deal Making 252 Panama: Both a Will and a Way 256 Russia: Goliath Beats David 258 South Africa: Remarkably Unremarkable 261 Notes 265 References 293 Index 321

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Book SynopsisProvides an ethnographic portrait of two political campaigns, New Jersey Democrat Linda Stender's and that of Democratic Congressman Jim Himes of Connecticut, who both ran for Congress in 2008. This title examines how American political operatives use "personalized political communication" to engage with the electorate.Trade ReviewWinner of the 2014 Doris Graber Award, Political Communication Section of the American Political Science Association "Although running for office by knocking on doors may seem quant and old-fashioned, this book asserts the continued importance of personal campaign contact despite the existence of mass media and social networking. Based on extensive participant observation in two competitive Democratic House races, Nielsen not only provides very extensive personal stories from the campaign trail but also discovers interesting patters and attempts to link them to social science theory."--Choice "The beauty of Nielsen's book is that he takes you inside the ground wars, into the mundane world of the political junkies and hangers-on who want to be close to the main action, even if the action involves a county election."--William D. Crano, PsycCritiquesTable of ContentsAcknowledgments vii Prologue: Welcome to the Campaigns 1 Chapter 1: Personalized Political Communication in American Campaigns 4 Chapter 2: The Ground War Enters the Twenty-first Century 35 Chapter 3: Contacting Voters at Home 63 Chapter 4: Organizing Campaign Assemblages 95 Chapter 5: Targeting Voters for Personal Contacts 133 Chapter 6: Always Fighting the Same Ground War? 171 Research Appendix 189 Notes 209 References 221 Index 235

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Book SynopsisLooks at the political participation of individual citizens alongside the political advocacy of thousands of organized interests - membership associations such as unions, professional associations, trade associations, and citizens groups, as well as organizations like corporations, hospitals, and universities.Trade ReviewWinner of the 2012 Award for Excellence in Social Sciences, Association of American Publishers Winner of the 2012 PROSE Award in Government & Politics, Association of American Publishers "Kay Lehman Schlozman, Sidney Verba, and Henry E. Brady are the nation's leading analysts of participatory inequality, and The Unheavenly Chorus is their magnum opus--a wide-ranging, heavily statistical analysis of how Americans try to make themselves heard as individuals and through organizations of different kinds."--Paul Starr, New Republic "Superb."--John Diiulio, America "In The Unheavenly Chorus, [the authors] present a timely and wide-ranging analysis that catalogs and describes the nature and magnitude of political inequality in the United States... These esteemed authors, who have devoted their careers to the study of political participation, have assembled in 718 pages the most complete compendium of political inequality we have--its definition, sources, magnitude, and consequences--together with a consideration of changes in participatory processes that might alleviate inequalities in political voice. In the end, it is a troubling story about the state of American democracy."--Andrea Louise Campbell, Harvard Magazine "In The Unheavenly Chorus, the authors take direct aim at how economic inequality contributes to inequality in citizen involvement in politics. Over the course of 600 pages, they assiduously document that politics in America is a sport played mostly by members of the upper and upper-middle classes."--Nolan McCarty, American InterestTable of ContentsList of Figures ix List of Tables xiii Preface xvii Acknowledgments xxv Chapter 1. Introduction: Democracy and Political Voice 1 PART I: Thinking about Inequality and Political Voice Chapter 2. The (Ambivalent) Tradition of Equality in America 31 Chapter 3. The Context: Growing Economic Inequality and Weakening Unions 69 Chapter 4. Equal Voice and the Dilemmas of Democracy 96 PART II: Inequality of Political Voice and Individual Participation Chapter 5. Does Unequal Voice Matter? 117 Chapter 6. The Persistence of Unequal Voice 147 Chapter 7. Unequal at the Starting Line: The Intergenerational Persistence of Political Inequality with Nancy Burns 177 Chapter 8. Political Participation over the Life Cycle with Jennifer Erkulwater 199 Chapter 9. Political Activism and Electoral Democracy: Perspectives on Economic Inequality and Political Polarization 232 PART III: Inequality of Political Voice and Organized Interest Activity Chapter 10. Political Voice through Organized Interests: Introductory Matters 265 Chapter 11. Who Sings in the Heavenly Chorus? Th e Shape of the Organized Interest System with Traci Burch and Philip Edward Jones 312 Chapter 12. The Changing Pressure Community 347 Chapter 13. Beyond Organizational Categories 370 Chapter 14. Political Voice through Organized Interest Activity with Philip Edward Jones and Traci Burch 393 PART IV: Can We Change the Accent of the Unheavenly Chorus? Chapter 15. Breaking the Pattern through Political Recruitment 447 Chapter 16. Weapon of the Strong? Participatory Inequality and the Internet 483 Chapter 17. What, if Anything, Is to Be Done? with Shauna Shames 534 Chapter 18. Conclusion: Equal Voice and the Promise of American Democracy 574 Appendixes Appendix A: Equality and the State and U.S. Constitutions 605 Appendix B: The Persistence of Political and Nonpolitical Activity 608 Appendix C: The Intergenerational Transmission of Political Participation 616 Appendix D: Age, Period, and Cohort Effects 619 Appendix E: The Washington Representatives Database 621 Appendix F: Additional Tables 645 Appendix G: Do Online and Offline Political Activists Differ from One Another? 649 Index 655

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Book SynopsisLooks at the political participation of individual citizens alongside the political advocacy of thousands of organized interests - membership associations such as unions, professional associations, trade associations, and citizens groups, as well as organizations like corporations, hospitals, and universities.Trade ReviewWinner of the 2012 Award for Excellence in Social Sciences, Association of American Publishers Winner of the 2012 PROSE Award in Government & Politics, Association of American Publishers "Kay Lehman Schlozman, Sidney Verba, and Henry E. Brady are the nation's leading analysts of participatory inequality, and The Unheavenly Chorus is their magnum opus--a wide-ranging, heavily statistical analysis of how Americans try to make themselves heard as individuals and through organizations of different kinds."--Paul Starr, New Republic "Superb."--John Diiulio, America "In The Unheavenly Chorus, [the authors] present a timely and wide-ranging analysis that catalogs and describes the nature and magnitude of political inequality in the United States... These esteemed authors, who have devoted their careers to the study of political participation, have assembled in 718 pages the most complete compendium of political inequality we have--its definition, sources, magnitude, and consequences--together with a consideration of changes in participatory processes that might alleviate inequalities in political voice. In the end, it is a troubling story about the state of American democracy."--Andrea Louise Campbell, Harvard Magazine "In The Unheavenly Chorus, the authors take direct aim at how economic inequality contributes to inequality in citizen involvement in politics. Over the course of 600 pages, they assiduously document that politics in America is a sport played mostly by members of the upper and upper-middle classes."--Nolan McCarty, American InterestTable of ContentsList of Figures ix List of Tables xiii Preface xvii Acknowledgments xxv Chapter 1. Introduction: Democracy and Political Voice 1 PART I: Thinking about Inequality and Political Voice Chapter 2. The (Ambivalent) Tradition of Equality in America 31 Chapter 3. The Context: Growing Economic Inequality and Weakening Unions 69 Chapter 4. Equal Voice and the Dilemmas of Democracy 96 PART II: Inequality of Political Voice and Individual Participation Chapter 5. Does Unequal Voice Matter? 117 Chapter 6. The Persistence of Unequal Voice 147 Chapter 7. Unequal at the Starting Line: The Intergenerational Persistence of Political Inequality with Nancy Burns 177 Chapter 8. Political Participation over the Life Cycle with Jennifer Erkulwater 199 Chapter 9. Political Activism and Electoral Democracy: Perspectives on Economic Inequality and Political Polarization 232 PART III: Inequality of Political Voice and Organized Interest Activity Chapter 10. Political Voice through Organized Interests: Introductory Matters 265 Chapter 11. Who Sings in the Heavenly Chorus? Th e Shape of the Organized Interest System with Traci Burch and Philip Edward Jones 312 Chapter 12. The Changing Pressure Community 347 Chapter 13. Beyond Organizational Categories 370 Chapter 14. Political Voice through Organized Interest Activity with Philip Edward Jones and Traci Burch 393 PART IV: Can We Change the Accent of the Unheavenly Chorus? Chapter 15. Breaking the Pattern through Political Recruitment 447 Chapter 16. Weapon of the Strong? Participatory Inequality and the Internet 483 Chapter 17. What, if Anything, Is to Be Done? with Shauna Shames 534 Chapter 18. Conclusion: Equal Voice and the Promise of American Democracy 574 Appendixes Appendix A: Equality and the State and U.S. Constitutions 605 Appendix B: The Persistence of Political and Nonpolitical Activity 608 Appendix C: The Intergenerational Transmission of Political Participation 616 Appendix D: Age, Period, and Cohort Effects 619 Appendix E: The Washington Representatives Database 621 Appendix F: Additional Tables 645 Appendix G: Do Online and Offline Political Activists Differ from One Another? 649 Index 655

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Book SynopsisConstituents often fail to hold their representatives accountable for federal spending decisions--even though those very choices have a pervasive influence on American life. Why does this happen? Breaking new ground in the study of representation, The Impression of Influence demonstrates how legislators skillfully inform constituents with strategicTrade Review"[R]igorous and illuminating."--Choice "This book is sophisticated in its approaches, theoretically rigorous, and well written... The result is a deeply engaging and highly informative work."--Wendy J. Schiller, Congress & The Presidency "A noteworthy essay that grapples with the broad question of democratic accountability... There is much to like about The Impression of Influence."--Scot Schraufnagel, Political Science QuarterlyTable of ContentsList of Illustrations ix List of Tables xi Acknowledgments xiii 1 Representation, Spending, and the Personal Vote 1 2 Solving the Representative's Problem and Creating the Representative's Opportunity 15 3 How Legislators Create an Impression of Influence 32 4 Creating an Impression, Not Just Increasing Name Recognition 64 5 Cultivating an Impression of Influence with Actions and Small Expenditures 81 6 Credit, Deception, and Institutional Design 121 7 Criticism and Credit: How Deficit Implications Undermine Credit Allocation 148 8 Representation and the Impression of Influence 174 9 Text as Data: Methods Appendix 186 Bibliography 189 Index 203

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Book SynopsisFrom 1789 to 1913, U.S. senators were not directly elected by the people--instead the Constitution mandated that they be chosen by state legislators. This radically changed in 1913, when the Seventeenth Amendment to the Constitution was ratified, giving the public a direct vote. Electing the Senate investigates the electoral connections among constTrade Review"Schiller and Stewart develop a database of breathtaking proportions to provide insight into the politics of indirect election of senators, and the consequences of direct and indirect election on electoral responsiveness. Rather than a dusty account of a long-forgotten reform, this book has implications for understanding the modern Senate."--ChoiceTable of ContentsList of Illustrations vii List of Tables ix Preface xi Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 2 A Theory of Indirect Election 20 Chapter 3 Candidate Emergence, Political Ambition, and Seat Value 51 Chapter 4 Party as Gatekeeper: Canvass, Convention, and Caucus as Nomination Mechanisms 82 Chapter 5 Political Dynamics and Senate Representation 121 Chapter 6 Senate Electoral Responsiveness under Indirect and Direct Election 157 Chapter 7 Myth and Reality of the Seventeenth Amendment 199 References 219 Index 227

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Book SynopsisOne of the greatest political advisers of all time, Niccolo Machiavelli thought long and hard about how citizens could identify great leaders--ones capable of defending and enhancing the liberty, honor, and prosperity of their countries. Drawing on the full range of the Florentine's writings, acclaimed Machiavelli biographer Maurizio Viroli gathersTrade Review"Voters of all persuasions will find much here to confirm their convictions... Machiavelli wanted to make his country great again, but greatness should have nothing to do with vanity or cruelty. Viroli offers a timely reminder of his thought."--Raphael Hogarth, Times Literary Supplement "As Maurizio Viroli makes clear in his short, sharp, and sobering How to Choose a Leader: Machiavelli's Advice to Citizens, the GOP's presidential nominee would have horrified the Florentine political thinker--not because he has grasped Machiavelli's advice--he hasn't--but because he scorns Machiavelli's values."--Robert Zaretsky, Los Angeles Review of Books "A good book for an election year."--ChoiceTable of ContentsIntroduction: Why Ask Machiavelli? ix I Citizens ought to "keep their hands on the republic" and "choose the lesser evil." 1 II " Judge by the hands, not by the eyes." 6 III " It is the common good which makes republics great." 12 IV " Whoever desires constant success must change his conduct with the times." 17 V " How by the delusions of seeming good the people are often misled to desire their own ruin; and how they are frequently influenced by great hopes and brave promises." 22 VI " Men almost always follow the beaten track of others, and proceed in their actions by imitation." 26 VII " Great men and powerful republics preserve an equal dignity and courage in prosperity and adversity." 33 VIII " And although these men were rare and wonderful, they were nevertheless but men, and the opportunities which they had were far less favorable than the present; nor were their undertakings more just or more easy than this; neither was God more a friend of them than of you." 37 IX " For it is the duty of any good man to teach others that good which the malignity of the times and of fortune has prevented his doing himself; so that amongst the many capable ones whom he has instructed, someone perhaps, more favored by Heaven, may perform it." 42 X " It is very difficult, indeed almost impossible to maintain liberty in a republic that has become corrupt or to establish it there anew." 46 XI " Poverty never was allowed to stand in the way of the achievement of any rank or honor and virtue and merit were sought for under whatever roof they dwelt; it was this system that made riches naturally less desirable." 52 XII " In well-regulated republics the state ought to be rich and the citizens poor." 56 XIII " Prolonged commands brought Rome to servitude." 63 XIV " I love my country more than my soul." 67 XV " For where the very safety of the country depends upon the resolution to be taken, no considerations of justice or injustice, humanity or cruelty, nor of glory or of shame, should be allowed to prevail. But putting all other considerations aside, the only question should be, 'what course will save the life and liberty of the country?'" 73 XVI " The authority of the dictatorship has always proved beneficial to Rome, and never injurious; it is the authority which men usurp, and not that which is given them by the free suffrages of their fellow-citizens, that is dangerous to civil liberty." 80 XVII " I say that I have never practiced war as my profession, because my profession is to govern my subjects and to defend them, and, in order to be able to defend them, to love peace and to know how to make war." 85 XVIII " An excellent general is usually an orator because, unless he knows how to speak to the whole army, he will have difficulty in doing anything good." 89 XIX " A prince becomes esteemed when he shows himself either a true friend or a real enemy." 97 XX " To insure a long existence to religious sects or republics, it is necessary frequently to bring them back to their original principles." 101 Notes 107 Sources of the Quotations 115 Note on the Texts 117

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Book Synopsis"This is a book about contemporary European politics and the demographics of Muslim political candidacies."--Provided by publisher.Trade Review"Winner of the Luebbert Best Book Award, Comparative Politics Section of the American Political Science Association""Winner of the 2018 Stein Rokkan Prize for Comparative Social Science Research, International Science Council""With a sophisticated analysis of thousands of elections in Austria, Belgium, Germany, and the United Kingdom, [Rafaela Dancygier] shows that European political parties have been ruthlessly pragmatic in attracting Muslim votes."---Andrew Moravcsik, Foreign Affairs"Rafaela Dancygier’s Dilemmas of Inclusion asks political scientists to take the idea of vote-maximizing parties seriously once again. . . . Dancygier provides extensive and convincing evidence for the idea that electoral incentives are the best explanation for cross-national and within-country variation in parties’ inclusion of Muslim minorities, both in who they nominate and how they promote their candidates."---Colin Brown, EuropeNow"This book is a most welcome addition to the social science literature on contemporary European politics specifically, and minority political representation in electoral politics generally. In terms of political responsibility, it aptly shiftsthe blame away from European Muslims."---Fatma Muge Gocek, Social Forces

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Book Synopsis"This is a book about contemporary European politics and the demographics of Muslim political candidacies."--Provided by publisher.Trade Review"Winner of the Luebbert Best Book Award, Comparative Politics Section of the American Political Science Association""Winner of the 2018 Stein Rokkan Prize for Comparative Social Science Research, International Science Council""With a sophisticated analysis of thousands of elections in Austria, Belgium, Germany, and the United Kingdom, [Rafaela Dancygier] shows that European political parties have been ruthlessly pragmatic in attracting Muslim votes."---Andrew Moravcsik, Foreign Affairs"This book is a most welcome addition to the social science literature on contemporary European politics specifically, and minority political representationin electoral politics generally. In terms of political responsibility, it aptly shifts the blame away from European Muslims."---Fatma Muge Gocek, Social Forces

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Book SynopsisIn an exploration of mass voter alignments in Great Britain, Kenneth D. Wald illuminates the electoral consequences of major social divisions and the relationship between social structure and partisanship. He establishes that the transition from religion to social class as the chief influence on British voting occurred after World War I, as most scTable of Contents*FrontMatter, pg. i*Contents, pg. vii*Tables, pg. ix*Preface, pg. xiii*Chapter 1. The Context of the Study, pg. 1*Chapter 2. Class Politics without Class Parties?, pg. 19*Chapter 3. Crosses on the Ballot ?, pg. 53*Chapter 4. The Methods of Analysis, pg. 73*Chapter 5. Voting and Social Structure: Conceptual Problems, pg. 95*Chapter 6. Voting and Social Structure: Empirical Analysis, pg. 122*Chapter 7. Religious Beliefs and Political Behavior, pg. 162*Chapter 8. Transformation of the Party System, pg. 202*Chapter 9. Conclusion, pg. 250*Select Bibliography, pg. 255*Index, pg. 261

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Book SynopsisChallenging the traditional belief that Hitler's supporters were largely from the lower middle class, Richard F. Hamilton analyzes Nazi electoral successes by turning to previously untapped sources--urban voting records. This examination of data from a series of elections in fourteen of the largest German cities shows that in most of them the voteTable of Contents*FrontMatter, pg. i*Contents, pg. vii*Maps and Tables, pg. ix*Abbreviations and Names, pg. xi*Acknowledgments, pg. xiii*Chapter One. The Problem: Who Voted for Hitler?, pg. 1*Chapter Two. A Review of The Literature, pg. 9*Chapter Three. A Reconsideration of Previous Evidence, pg. 37*Chapter Four. Berlin, pg. 64*Chapter Five. Hamburg, pg. 101*Chapter Six. Cologne and Munich: A Second Pattern, pg. 129*Chapter Seven. Cities of The Ruhr, pg. 156*Chapter Eight. Five Other Cities, pg. 199*Chapter Nine. The Summer Election: Travelers and Vacationers, pg. 220*Chapter Ten. The Parties of The Right and Center, pg. 229*Chapter Eleven. The Parties of The Left, pg. 266*Chapter Twelve. The National Socialists, pg. 309*Chapter Thirteen. The Character of The Political Struggle, pg. 361*Chapter Fourteen. The Weimar Catastrophe, pg. 420*Appendix A. The Reichstag Elections: 1919-1933, pg. 475*Appendix B. Germany's Largest Cities, pg. 485*Appendix C. Occupational Structures of The Cities Studied in Chapters 4-8, pg. 486*Notes, pg. 487*Name Index, pg. 651*Subject Index, pg. 658

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Book SynopsisM. N. Roy, the founder of the Communist Party of India, has been described by Robert C. North as ranking "with Lenin and Mao Tse-tung." This book, focusing on the career of Roy, traces the development of communism and nationalism in India from 1920 to 1939. Originally published in 1971. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demandTable of Contents*Frontmatter, pg. i*Table of Contents, pg. vii*List of Illustrations, pg. xi*Acknowledgments, pg. xiii*Abbreviations, pg. 1*Introduction, pg. 3*1. The Second Comintern Congress, pg. 11*2. The Dawn of Indian Communism, pg. 20*3. The CPI and the Workers' and Peasants' Party, pg. 37*4. The China Episode, pg. 58*5. The Radicalization of Indian Politics, pg. 80*6. The Sixth Comintern Congress, pg. 108*7. The Decline of Indian Communism, pg. 144*8. The Foundations of Royism in India, pg. 164*9. Left-Wing Unity and the Indian Nationalist Movement, pg. 215*10. Nationalism and Socialism, pg. 240*11. Twentieth-Century Jacobinism, pg. 259*Notes, pg. 301*Index, pg. 379

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Book SynopsisDo Presidential running mates actually matter? In the first book to put this question to a rigorous test, Christopher Devine and Kyle Kopko draw upon an unprecedented range of empirical data to reveal how, and how much, running mates influence voting in presidential elections.Trade ReviewRichard Nixon once famously claimed that vice presidential candidates cannot help presidential candidates, they can only hurt. In Do Running Mates Matter? Professors Devine and Kopko exhaustively test this and numerous other claims regarding the importance of vice presidential candidates in the electoral process. While others have worked at various aspects of this question over the past few decades, this work is a data-driven yet highly accessible scholarly tour de force. A must-read for students of the presidency and presidential elections."—Jody Baumgartner, coauthor of The American Vice Presidency: From the Shadow to the Spotlight "Running mates matter, but in unexpected ways. Devine and Kopko provide the most comprehensive, multimethod examination of running mates to date. They convincingly demonstrate that the largest impact is from an evaluation of presidential candidates’ decision-making process in the selection of vice presidential candidates."—Janet M. Box-Steffensmeier, Vernal Riffe Professor of Political Science, Ohio State University

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Book SynopsisAnswering a riddle in Japanese politics: Why do Japanese women turn out to vote at rates higher than men?Trade ReviewEquipped with... powerful tools, this study sheds light on how political activism quietly developed through grassroots 'women-centric networks,' which have not necessarily been well examined in political science... the author’s effort was devoted to capturing a good snapshot of local activism among women that is changing Japanese politics, which I believe was successful. -- Takeshi Iida * Japanese Journal of Political Science *There is much that I admire about this book: Martin's decision to make humble, ordinary women the point of departure for trying to figure out where a democratic resurgence is coming from in Japan; her ability to use a variety of sources, ranging from election survey data, interviews with government officials, and close knowledge of work done on grass-roots political organizing and women’s groups to her focus group discussions; her interest in trying to figure out how group interactions change people from being passive subjects to agents ready to participate in politics.... She uses unconventional approaches and makes feminist arguments for how group interaction helps ordinary Japanese women become active and independent citizens, and in doing so she helps us understand where electoral change in Japan is coming from. -- Patricia Boling * Journal of Japanese Studies *By regendering our view of the average Japanese voter, Martin has taken an arresting and thought-provoking perspective. The analysis of focus group discussions and of local efforts to change politics is revealing of how local democracy works, and anyone wanting a close look into the minds and actions of civically engaged women in Japan should definitely read this book. -- Deborah J. Milly * Monumenta Nipponica *Table of ContentsIntroduction: Why Don't They Stay Home? 1. The Political Distance between Citizens and Elites 2. New Styles of Political Leadership and Community Mobilization 3. National Attitudes and Local Action: Changing the Center from the Periphery 4. Politically Excluded "Commoners": A Gendered Pathway to Participation 5. Gender and "Communities of Practice": Escaping the Regulatory Boundaries of Formal Education Conclusion: Engendering Knowledge and Political ActionReferences Index

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Book SynopsisIn When Victory Is Not an Option, Nathan J. Brown focuses on Islamist movements in Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, and Palestine, showing that uncertain benefits lead to uncertain changes.Trade ReviewBrown examines the organization, operation, and impact of Islamist movements in semi-authoritarian states, or systems in which opposition parties are permitted to participate but not win, arguing that while these movements become 'politicized' (i.e., they are participants in politics and elections), they are so in a limited way.... He provides an excellent framework for understanding the recent political dynamics of the Arab world. * Choice *Brown's book... captures the main dynamics of Arab politics today, and it serves as a guideline to predict the future of Arab Islamists. This theoretically deep, empirically rich, and politically insightful book is a must-read for students of Middle East politics. -- Ahmet T. Kuru * Political Science Quarterly *His metaphor of 'Islamist' survival, that they survive 'as a cat-and-mouse game so long as the cat allows the mouse to live and the mouse remains a mouse' (p. 240) is prophetic as well as salient. The value of Brown's approach is that he compares and contrasts movements across the Middle East and not just on one organization or country. -- Daniel Martin Varisco * Contemporary Islam *This is an important book not only for its rich empirical exploration of the Muslim Brotherhood in four settings (Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, and the Palestinian territories) but also for its insights into semiauthoritarian regimes, which allow opposition groups just enough room to organize and compete but not enough to win elections or form governments. Relying on extensive contacts with Brotherhood leaders, Brown explains how they saw advantages—such as gaining the right to legal assembly and being allowed to propagate their views and deliver basic services to the needy—to playing a game they were destined to lose. -- John Waterbury * Foreign Affairs *Table of ContentsPreface1. Partially Political Movements in Semiauthoritarian Systems 2. Running to Lose? Elections, Authoritarianism, and Islamist Movements 3. Beyond Analogy Mongering: Ideological Movements and the Debate over the Primacy of Politics 4. The Model and the Mother Movement 5. The Model in Practice in Four Semiauthoritarian Settings 6. Can Islamists Party? Political Participation and Organizational Change 7. Ideological Change: Flirtation and Commitment 8. Arab Politics and Societies as They Might Be 9. Islamist Parties and Arab Political Systems as They AreBibliography Index

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Book SynopsisIn When Victory Is Not an Option, Nathan J. Brown focuses on Islamist movements in Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, and Palestine, showing that uncertain benefits lead to uncertain changes.Trade ReviewBrown examines the organization, operation, and impact of Islamist movements in semi-authoritarian states, or systems in which opposition parties are permitted to participate but not win, arguing that while these movements become 'politicized' (i.e., they are participants in politics and elections), they are so in a limited way.... He provides an excellent framework for understanding the recent political dynamics of the Arab world. * Choice *Brown's book... captures the main dynamics of Arab politics today, and it serves as a guideline to predict the future of Arab Islamists. This theoretically deep, empirically rich, and politically insightful book is a must-read for students of Middle East politics. -- Ahmet T. Kuru * Political Science Quarterly *His metaphor of 'Islamist' survival, that they survive 'as a cat-and-mouse game so long as the cat allows the mouse to live and the mouse remains a mouse' (p. 240) is prophetic as well as salient. The value of Brown's approach is that he compares and contrasts movements across the Middle East and not just on one organization or country. -- Daniel Martin Varisco * Contemporary Islam *This is an important book not only for its rich empirical exploration of the Muslim Brotherhood in four settings (Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, and the Palestinian territories) but also for its insights into semiauthoritarian regimes, which allow opposition groups just enough room to organize and compete but not enough to win elections or form governments. Relying on extensive contacts with Brotherhood leaders, Brown explains how they saw advantages—such as gaining the right to legal assembly and being allowed to propagate their views and deliver basic services to the needy—to playing a game they were destined to lose. -- John Waterbury * Foreign Affairs *Table of ContentsPreface1. Partially Political Movements in Semiauthoritarian Systems 2. Running to Lose? Elections, Authoritarianism, and Islamist Movements 3. Beyond Analogy Mongering: Ideological Movements and the Debate over the Primacy of Politics 4. The Model and the Mother Movement 5. The Model in Practice in Four Semiauthoritarian Settings 6. Can Islamists Party? Political Participation and Organizational Change 7. Ideological Change: Flirtation and Commitment 8. Arab Politics and Societies as They Might Be 9. Islamist Parties and Arab Political Systems as They AreBibliography Index

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Book SynopsisFrederic C. Schaffer challenges the assumption often made by American scholars that democracy has been achieved in foreign countries when criteria such as free elections are met. Elections, he argues, often have cultural underpinnings that are...Trade ReviewIn this elegant and lucid study, Frederic C Schaffer asks what democracy means to people in Senegal.... Schaffer succeeds in saying, to people who make blanket assertions about the democratic character and salutary benefits of elections, that democracy, when translated, is not necessarily what they think it is. That is his aim and achievement and arguably a quite valuable one. -- Jeffrey W. Rubin * American Journal of Sociology *Schaffer's intensive interviews and linguistic analysis demonstrate that good fieldwork, coupled with careful analysis, still has much to contribute to the field of comparative politics.... If the author is correct and local interpretations of broad ideal and discourses of democracy are central to understanding and explaining the outcomes of political liberalization in Senegal, then this book is among the best written on this topic.... It should be required reading for anyone interested in the prospects for political change not just in Senegal but in Africa as a whole. -- William Reno * Comparative Political Studies *This book is intended, in short, to enrich both the study of Senegal and democratic practices and the practice of cross-cultural inquiry more generally. Schaffer concludes his study with an excellent bibliography. * Choice *Schaffer's small jewel of a book... contains a detailed description of his methodology for linguistic analysis of oral interviews, of political texts in documentary form and in the media, and of interviews with educated multilingual Senegalese. Intended for a relatively expert audience, the book is accessible to advanced undergraduates as well. -- Margaret E. Scranton * Perspectives on Political Science *This well-crafted and deeply researched study is one of the two or three most important studies of democratization in Africa yet to appear in the 1990's. -- John Clark * International Journal of African Historical Studies *A probing and highly original study.... A significant contribution to the literature on transitions to democracy. * Foreign Affairs *

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Book SynopsisAttacking Judges provides rigorous evidence that televised advertising, including harsh attacks, do not have the harsh consequences initially predicted or widely feared on justices seeking reelection or state electorates in supreme court elections.Trade Review"Attacking Judges is unquestionably a major contribution to the literature on state courts and campaign advertising. Melinda Gann Hall expertly connects research on judicial elections to social scientists' broader concerns about how campaigning affects citizens and the electoral process in general. This impressive book is among the first to give judicial elections the serious scholarly attention they deserve. It's a must read!"—James L. Gibson, Washington University in St. Louis"Attacking Judges is a first-rate book with important implications for the ongoing debate over judicial selection and retention. Hall's timely study of this controversial issue is a superb example of how quantitative analysis can inform both academic and political debates."—Herbert M. Kritzer, University of Minnesota Law School

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