Plant biology Books

Book SynopsisUnraveling the Voynich Codex reviews the historical, botanical, zoological, and iconographic evidence related to the Voynich Codex, one of the most enigmatic historic texts of all time. The bizarre Voynich Codex has often been referred to as the most mysterious book in the world. Discovered in an Italian Catholic college in 1912 by a Polish book dealer Wilfrid Voynich, it was eventually bequeathed to the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library of Yale University. It contains symbolic language that has defied translation by eminent cryptologists. The codex is encyclopedic in scope and contains sections known as herbal, pharmaceutical, balenological (nude nymphs bathing in pools), astrological, cosmological and a final section of text that may be prescriptions but could be poetry or incantations. Because the vellum has been carbon dated to the early 15th century and the manuscript was known to be in the collection of Emperor Rudolf II of the Holy Roman Empire sometime between 1607 and 1622, current dogma had assumed it a European manuscript of the 15th century. However, based on identification of New World plants, animals, a mineral, as well as cities and volcanos of Central Mexico, the authors of this book reveal that the codex is clearly a document of colonial New Spain. Furthermore, the illustrator and author are identified as native to Mesoamerica based on a name and ligated initials in the first botanical illustration. This breakthrough in Voynich studies indicates that the failure to decipher the manuscript has been the result of a basic misinterpretation of its origin in time and place. Tentative assignment of the Voynichese symbols also provides a key to decipherment based on Mesoamerican languages. A document from this time, free from filter or censor from either Spanish or Inquisitorial authorities has major importance in our understanding of life in 16th century Mexico. Publisher's Note: For the eBook editions, Voynichese symbols are only rendered properly in the PDF format.Trade Review“For future research on the codex, I would recommend more engagement with historians, but these authors are to be recognized for their detailed and multi faceted, multi-disciplinary study of this enigmatic work.” (Paula Devos, Economic Botany, Vol. 74 (2), 2020)“The overall impression one has of this remarkable work is that botanical expertise has significantly advanced our understanding of the Voynich Codex. … Tucker and Janick have given those who have taken an interest in unraveling this mystery outstanding material with which to continue their lively debate over its origins and meaning.” (Irwin Goldman, Chronica Horticulturae, Vol. 59 (1), 2019)Table of Contents

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Book SynopsisDas Pflanzenwachstum und dessen Grundlage - das Wurzelsystem - nehmen eine zentrale Stellung in terrestrischen Ökosystemen ein. Die Bedeutung der im Wurzel-Boden-Interface ablaufenden komplexen Prozesse für die Pflanzen- und Bodenentwicklung wurde lange Zeit nicht ausreichend erkannt. Dieses Buch leistet einen Beitrag zum besseren Verständnis des Wirkungsgefüges und der Steuermechanismen dieses Systems.Table of ContentsMorphologie, Physiologie und Biochemie der Wurzeln - Pflanzen-Mikroben-Interaktionen - Rhizosphärenprozesse und ihre Beeinflussbarkeit - Zusammensetzung und Funktion wurzelbürtiger C- und N-Verbindungen - Stoffaufnahme, Stoffumsetzung und Stofffestlegung im Wurzelraum

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Book SynopsisPhospholipidshavelongbeenknownfortheirkeyroleinmaintainingthebilayer structureofmembranesandinphysicallyseparatingthecytosolfromorganelles andtheextracellularspace. Inthepastdecade,acompletelynovelandunexpected functionemerged,full?llingacrucialroleincellsignaling. Itwasthediscoveryin animalcells,thatagonist-activatedcellsurfacereceptorsledtotheactivationofa phospholipase C (PLC), to hydrolyze the minor lipid, phosphatidylinositol 4- bisphosphateintotwosecondmessengers,inositol1,4,5-trisphosphate(InsP)and 3 2+ diacylglycerol(DAG). WhileInsP diffusesintothecytosol,whereitreleasesCa 3 2+ from an intracellular store by activating a ligand-gated Ca -channel, DAG remainsinthemembranetorecruitandactivatemembersoftheproteinkinase Cfamily. Overtheyears,avarietyofotherlipidbased-signalingcascadesweredisc- ered. Theseinclude,phospholipaseA,generatinglyso-phospholipidsandfreefatty acids(tobeconvertedintoprostaglandinsandleukotrienes),phospholipaseD,to generatethelipidsecondmessenger,phosphatidicacid(PA),andphosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), generating a distinct set of polyphosphoinositides (PPI) ph- phorylated at the D3-position of the inositol ring, all with separate signaling functions. Sphingolipids,representinganotherimportantgroupofsignalinglipids, alsocameacross. Themajorityoftheselipid-basedsignalingpathwayshavebeendiscoveredin plantcellstoo. Moreover,theyhavebeenfoundtobeactivatedinresponsetoa widevarietyofbioticandabioticstresssignals,butalsotobebasicallyinvolvedin plantgrowthanddevelopment. Whilemanyoftheenzymes,lipids,andtheirtargets involved arewell conserved, major differences with the mammalian paradigms havealsoemerged. Thisbookhighlightsthecurrentstatusofplantlipidsignaling. Allchaptershave beenwrittenbyexpertsinthe?eldandcoverinformationforbothbeginnersand advancedlipidologists. PartIincludesphospholipases(Chaps. 1-3),partII,lipid kinases (Chaps. 4-7), part III, lipid phosphatases (Chaps. 8-9), part IV, ix x Preface inositolphosphates and PPI metabolism (Chaps. 10-13), part V, PA signaling (Chaps. 14-17),andpartVI,additionallipidsignals,e. g. oxylipins,NAPEand sphingolipids(Chaps18-20). Ithasbeenagreatpleasuretobetheeditorofthis bookandtobeawitnessofthislipid-signalingadventure. Amsterdam,June2009 TeunMunnik Contents PartI Phospholipases PhospholipaseAinPlantSignalTransduction...3 Gu..ntherF. E. Scherer TheEmergingRolesofPhospholipaseCinPlantGrowth andDevelopment...23 PeterE. DowdandSimonGilroy PlantPhospholipaseD...39 WenhuaZhang,XiaoboWan,YueyunHong,WeiqiLi,andXueminWang PartII Kinases Phosphatidylinositol4-PhosphateisRequiredforTip GrowthinArabidopsisthaliana ...65 AmyL. SzumlanskiandErikNielsen PIP-KinasesasKeyRegulatorsofPlantFunction ...79 TillIschebeckandIngoHeilmann PlantPhosphatidylinositol3-Kinase...95 YureeLee,TeunMunnik,andYoungsookLee DiacylglycerolKinase...107 StevenA. AriszandTeunMunnik xi xii Contents PartIII Phosphatases SignalingandthePolyphosphoinositidePhosphatasesfromPlants ...117 GlendaE. Gillaspy PhosphatidicAcidPhosphatasesinSeedPlants...131 YukiNakamuraandHiroyukiOhta PartIV PPIMetabolism InsP inPlantCells ...145 3 YangJuIm,BrianQPhillippy,andImaraYPerera InositolPolyphosphatesandKinases...161 JillStevenson-PaulikandBrianQ. Phillippy PhosphoinositidesandPlantCellWallSynthesis ...175 RuiqinZhong,RyanL. McCarthy,andZheng-HuaYe ImagingLipidsinLivingPlants ...185 JoopE. M. VermeerandTeunMunnik PartV PASignaling PhosphatidicAcid:AnElectrostatic/Hydrogen-BondSwitch?...2 03 EdgarEduardKooijmanandChristaTesterink NitricOxideandPhosphatidicAcidSignalinginPlants...223 AyelenM. Diste'fano,M. LucianaLanteri,ArjentenHave, CarlosGarc?'a-Mata,LorenzoLamattina,andAnaM. Laxalt 3-Phosphoinositide-DependentProteinKinaseisaSwitchboard fromSignalingLipidstoProteinPhosphorylationCascades...243 ChristineZalejskiandLa'szlo'Bo..gre PartVI AdditionalLipidSignals DiacylglycerolPyrophosphate,ANovelPlantSignalingLipid...263 EmmanuelleJeannette,SophieParadis,andChristineZalejski OxylipinSignalingandPlantGrowth...277 AlinaMosblech,IvoFeussner,andIngoHeilmann Contents xiii FattyAcidAmideHydrolaseandtheMetabolismof N-AcylethanolamineLipidMediatorsinPlants...293 KentD. ChapmanandElisonB. Blanca?or SphingolipidSignalinginPlants...307 LouiseV. MichaelsonandJohnathanA. Napier Index ...323 Contributors Steven A. Arisz Section Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences,UniversityofAmsterdam,SciencePark904,NL-1098XH,Amsterdam, TheNetherlands ElisonB. Blanca?or SamuelRobertsNobleFoundation,PlantBiologyDivision, Ardmore,OK73401,USA,eblanca?or@noble.Table of ContentsPhospholipases.- Phospholipase A in Plant Signal Transduction.- The Emerging Roles of Phospholipase C in Plant Growth and Development.- Plant Phospholipase D.- Kinases.- Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate is Required for Tip Growth in Arabidopsis thaliana.- PIP-Kinases as Key Regulators of Plant Function.- Plant Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase.- Diacylglycerol Kinase.- Phosphatases.- Signaling and the Polyphosphoinositide Phosphatases from Plants.- Phosphatidic Acid Phosphatases in Seed Plants.- PPI Metabolism.- InsP3 in Plant Cells.- Inositol Polyphosphates and Kinases.- Phosphoinositides and Plant Cell Wall Synthesis.- Imaging Lipids in Living Plants.- PA Signaling.- Phosphatidic Acid: An Electrostatic/Hydrogen-Bond Switch?.- Nitric Oxide and Phosphatidic Acid Signaling in Plants.- 3-Phosphoinositide-Dependent Protein Kinase is a Switchboard from Signaling Lipids to Protein Phosphorylation Cascades.- Diacylglycerol Pyrophosphate, A Novel Plant Signaling Lipid.- Additional Lipid Signals.- Oxylipin Signaling and Plant Growth.- Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase and the Metabolism of N-Acylethanolamine Lipid Mediators in Plants.- Sphingolipid Signaling in Plants.

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Book Synopsis This volume presents systematic treatments for the families and genera of the Malpighiales, which more recently have been recognised as a new major group of the eudicots. Apart from several herbaceous lineages (already treated in Vol. IX of this series), the order consists mainly of rainforest trees, particularly those of the understorey. Accompanied by other early eudicot lineages, this reflects the well-documented origin of the group as invaders into the conifer-, cycad- and seed fern-dominated forests of the Cretaceous which, at that time, were transformed into the tropical rainforest biome. In this volume, 24 families with 429 genera comprising over 12,000 species are treated. Many of these belong to the vast family of the Euphorbiaceae (here conceived in a broader sense), followed by the Violaceae, whereas some of the remaining families are very small and even relictual. The revised classification includes a complete inventory of the genera belonging to the families treated in this volume, along with their diagnostic features and keys for their identification. References to the latest taxonomic literature and links to many different disciplines important to modern plant systematics make the volume a valuable source of information on the manifold aspects of plant diversity.Table of ContentsIntroduction to MalpighialesK. KubitzkiBalanopaceaeK. KubitzkiCaryocaraceaeG.T. PranceCentroplacaeaeK. KubitzkiChrysobalanaceaeG.T. PranceCtenolophonaceaeK. KubitzkiDichapetalaceaeG.T. PranceElatinaceaeK. KubitzkiErythroxylaceaeV. BittrichEuphorbiaceaeG.L. Webster †EuphroniaceaeK. KubitzkiGoupiaceaeK. KubitzkiHumiriaceaeK. KubitzkiIrvingiaceaeK. KubitzkiIxonanthaceaeK. KubitzkiLinaceaeS. Dressler, M. Repplinger and C. BayerLophopyxidaceaeK. KubitzkiMedusagynaceae W.C. Dickison †OchnaceaeM.C.E. Amaral and V. BittrichPandaceaeK. KubitzkiPutranjivaceaeG. LevinQuiinaceaeK. KubitzkiRhizophoraceaeA.E. SchwarzbachTrigoniaceaeV. BittrichViolaceaeH.E. Ballard, Jr., J. de Paula-Souza and G.A. WahlertAddition to PeridiscaceaeC. Bayer and S. DresslerGeneral ReferencesIndex

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Book SynopsisDieses Lehrbuch bietet eine umfassende Übersicht über die fundamentalen Aspekte der Pflanzenbiochemie. Die biochemischen Abläufe in einer Pflanze sind letztendlich eine wesentliche Grundlage des Lebens auf unserem Planeten. Stoffwechselprozesse, wie die Photosynthese, die Kohlendioxid-Fixierung u.v.a., werden ausführlich erklärt. Die Erkenntnisse über diese pflanzenbiochemischen Prozesse könnten genutzt werden, den steigenden CO2-Emissionen auf der Erde entgegenzuwirken. Das Wissen über die molekularen und biochemischen Abläufe in Pflanzen sind also Voraussetzung, das zukünftige Leben auf der Erde zu sichern.Ebenso essenziell sind die Erkenntnisse der Pflanzenmolekularbiologie und -biochemie für die wirtschaftliche Anwendung und Nutzung der Pflanzen. Studierende werden in diesem Werk lernen, welche Schritte erforderlich sind, um transgene Pflanzen zu erzeugen und um Pros und Cons der pflanzlichen Gentechnik abschätzen und vermitteln zu können.In der 6. Auflage wurden zahlreiche Aktualisierungen vorgenommen. Es werden u.a. neue Einblicke zur Evolution der Pflanzen gegeben, und weitere Details des Photosyntheseapparates, der Stärke-Biosynthese und -Regulation, sowie der Funktionen und Biosynthesen von Sekundärmetaboliten dargestellt. Darüber hinaus wird erläutert, wie die molekulare Genschere CRISPR-Cas zur Erzeugung transgener Pflanzen eingesetzt werden kann.Besonderen Wert legen die Autor*innen darauf, durch eine klare und verständliche Didaktik komplexe Sachverhalte darzustellen – das ist ein Kennzeichen dieses Lehrbuches. Mit sorgfältig erstellten Abbildungen erfüllt es einen hohen didaktischen Anspruch und reiht sich unter die besten Biochemie-Lehrbücher. Table of ContentsEinleitung.- Eine Blattzelle ist in mehrere metabolische Kompartimente unterteilt.- Die Energie des Sonnenlichtes und Photosynthese sind die Grundlage für das Leben auf der Erde.- Die Photosynthese ist ein Elektronentransportprozess.- Bei der Photosynthese wird ATP erzeugt.- Die Mitochondrien sind die Kraftwerke der Zellen.- Der Calvin-Benson-Bassham-Zyklus katalysiert die photosynthetische CO2-Assimilation.- Der Photorespirationsweg recycelt Phosphoglykolat.- Polysaccharide sind Speicher- und Transportform der bei der Photosynthese gebildeten Kohlenhydrate.- Die Assimilation von Nitrat wird zur Biosynthese von organischem Material benötigt.- Durch die N2-Fixierung wird der Luftstickstoff für das Pflanzenwachstum nutzbar.- Die Produkte der Nitratassimilation und N2-Fixierung werden in Pflanzen in Form von Proteinen gespeichert.- Die Assimilation von Sulfat ermöglicht die Biosynthese schwefelhaltiger Verbindungen.- Durch den Phloemtransport erreichen die Photoassimilate ihre Verbrauchs- und Speicherorte.- Lipide sind Membranbausteine und Kohlenstoffspeicher.- Spezialmetabolite erfüllen in Pflanzen spezielle biologische und ökologische Funktionen.- Die große Vielfalt der Isoprenoide.- Viele pflanzlichee Spezialmetabolite und Zellwandbestandteile sind Phenylpropanoide.- Vielfältige Signale koordinieren Wachstum und Entwicklung verschiedener Pflanzenorgane und ermöglichen die Anpassung an unterschiedliche Umweltbedingungen.- Eine Pflanzenzelle besitzt drei verschiedene Genome.- Biosynthese, Prozessierung und Abbau von Proteinen in Pflanzen.- Durch Gentechnik können Pflanzen den Bedürfnissen von Landwirtschaft, Ernährung und Industrie angepasst werden.

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Book SynopsisThis open-access book provides a comprehensive overview of current methodologies for improving resistance to leaf rust in coffee, one of the world's most important cash crops and beverages. Coffea arabica L. (Arabica) accounts for about 60% of the world's coffee production. Coffee leaf rust (CLR), caused by the fungus Hemileia vastatrix is the major disease affecting Arabica coffee resulting in losses of over $1 billion annually. The geographical distribution of CLR is expanding due to climate change. Moreover, the genetic improvement of Arabica coffee is constrained due to its very narrow genetic base. This protocol book introduces essential concepts of mutation breeding as an efficient tool to increase the genetic diversity of Arabica coffee and presents practical methods on mutation induction and screening for resistance to CLR. Current breeding approaches, challenges and opportunities for Arabica coffee improvement are briefly reviewed and a survey of common coffee diseases with emphasis on CLR is presented. Practical protocols for mutation induction and screening for resistance to CLR are described, including novel methods for single-cell mutagenesis using in vitro cell and tissue culture techniques and for genome-wide screening of induced mutations using genomics tools. Each protocol chapter has an introduction and is supported by example results. Given the impact of recent CLR epidemics on Arabica coffee production in Latin America, the book is intended to serve as a timely reference and guide for students and researchers in the agricultural sciences, plant pathologists and breeders, as well as growers and end-users interested in producing novel coffee genotypes for genetic studies, breeding, and commercial applications.Table of ContentsIntroduction coffee breeding and challenges Choice of materials for mutation induction in arabica coffee Improved in-vitro establishment and germination of Coffea arabica seed Induced mutagenesis in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) using chemical agents Mutation induction using gamma irradiation and high frequency embryogenic callus from coffee (Coffea arabica) Chemical mutagenesis of Coffea arabica mature seed using EMS Physical mutagenesis of coffee seeds In-vitro regeneration of Coffea arabica var. Venecia through somatic embryogenesis Protocol on mutation induction in Coffea arabica using in vivo grafting and cuttings Protocol on mutation induction in coffee using in vitro tissue cultures Screening for resistance to coffee leaf rust Protocol to send samples of coffee leaf rust to CIFC Coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix) inoculation and evaluation under laboratory conditions Development of a PCR-Based Molecular Detection Technique for the Early Diagnosis of Coffee Leaf Rust Caused by Hemileia vastatrix Protocols for chromosome preparations: molecular cytogenetics and studying genome organization in coffee

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Book SynopsisThis book describes the mechanisms of nutrient taken up by plants at the biochemical and molecular level. This is a new concept developed over the past 30 years, primarily due to use of modern technology developed in biotechnological research, instrumentation, modern computation facilities, bioinformatics, the large volumes of information generated by use of various ‘omics’ and of course the dedicated hard work of a large number of researchers.Recent research indicates that nutrient uptake, its transport and redistribution in plants are under genetic control. There are groups of genes for each nutrient that encode transporter proteins whose functions are to acquire the specific nutrient from the soil and transport it across the plasma membrane of the root hair cells for use in plant metabolism. Deficiency or sufficiency of a plant nutrient induces different groups of genes to produce m-RNA transcripts for translation of transporter proteins. A large number of metabolic enzymes are up or down regulated in response to deficiency of plant nutrients. Morphological and metabolic adaptations in order to better acquire nutrients and use them frugally when nutrients are scarce in the growth medium can be observed in plants. Heavy metals, which are toxic to plants, induce different sets of defence mechanisms.In 20 chapters, the book describes plants’ uptake mechanisms for all the major, secondary and micronutrients, beneficial elements and heavy metals. References to research work quoted in the text are updated up to 2014 and included at the end of each chapter. Biotechnological approaches to improving nutrient use efficiency are discussed wherever such information is available. The structure and functions of transporter proteins involved in the uptake of nutrients are discussed. Additional information on some of the specific topics is provided in text boxes or as separate sections within the chapters. Lastly, the terminology used has been explained as far as possible in the text, mostly within parentheses. Trade Review“I found this book to be useful in getting information about members of major transporter families not only for model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana but also for other plant species. I also found it useful that the volume provides information about the concentration of different minerals in the soil and in plant tissues including grains … as well as provides tables with information about the sensitivity of various crops to mineral deficiencies.” (Olena Vatamaniuk, The Quarterly Review of Biology, Vol. 92 (3), September, 2017)Table of Contents1. Introduction and Uptake of Water and Nutrient Ions.- 2. Nitrogen (N) uptake.- 3. Phosphate (Pi) Uptake.- 4. Potassium (K) uptake.- 5. Calcium (Ca) uptake.- 6. Magnesium (Mg) Uptake.- 7. Sulphur (S) Uptake.- 8. Definition of Heavy metals, Essential and Beneficial Plant Nutrients.- 9. Uptake of Heavy Metals.- 10. Iron (Fe) uptake.- 11. Zinc (Zn) uptake.- 12. Manganese (Mn) uptake.- 13. Copper (Cu) uptake.- 14. Boron (B) Uptake.- 15. Molybdenum (Mo) uptake.- 16. Nickel (Ni) uptake.- 17. Chloride (Cl-) uptake.- 18. Sodium (Na) uptake.- 19. Silicon (Si) Uptake.- 20. Cobalt (Co), selenium (Se), Vanadium (V), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb) and Titanium (Ti)

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Book SynopsisSeagrasses are unique plants; the only group of flowering plants to recolonise the sea. They occur on every continental margin, except Antarctica, and form ecosystems which have important roles in fisheries, fish nursery grounds, prawn fisheries, habitat diversity and sediment stabilisation. Over the last two decades there has been an explosion of research and information on all aspects of seagrass biology. However the compilation of all this work into one book has not been attempted previously. In this book experts in 26 areas of seagrass biology present their work in chapters which are state-of–the-art and designed to be useful to students and researchers alike. The book not only focuses on what has been discovered but what exciting areas are left to discover. The book is divided into sections on taxonomy, anatomy, reproduction, ecology, physiology, fisheries, management, conservation and landscape ecology. It is destined to become the chosen text on seagrasses for any marine biology course.Trade Review"This is an excellent and timely volume, which shows that research on seagrasses has a good balance between studies of the basic biology of these fascinating organisms and studies of threats to seagrasses and their conservation." "The editors and authors are to be congratulated..." Phycologia (2006) volume 45 (5) "...exhaustively researched and superbly produced..." "...this book will stand for a number of years as the definite statement on the status of research on seagrasses and seagrass ecosystems at the turn of the 21st century." Marine Ecology 27 (2006)Table of ContentsTaxonomy and Biogeography of Seagrasses.- Seagrass Evolution, Ecology and Conservation: A Genetic Perspective.- Seagrass Morphology, Anatomy, and Ultrastructure.- Sexual Reproduction of Seagrasses: Pollination in the Marine Context.- Ecology of Seagrass Seeds and Seagrass Dispersal Processes.- Seagrass Beds and Coastal Biogeochemistry.- 7.- Fluid Dynamics in Seagrass Ecology—from Molecules to Ecosystems.- 9.- Oxygen Movement in Seagrasses.- Dynamics of Seagrass Stability and Change.- Aquatic Optics: Basic Concepts for Understanding How Light Affects Seagrasses and Makes them Measurable from Space.- Light and Photosynthesis in Seagrass Meadows.- Photosynthesis and Metabolism in Seagrasses at the Cellular Level.- Remote Sensing of Seagrass Ecosystems: Use of Spaceborne and Airborne Sensors.- Zostera: Biology, Ecology, and Management.- Biology of Posidonia.- The Biology of Thalassia: Paradigms and Recent Advances in Research.- Epiphytes of Seagrasses.- The Central Role of Grazing in Seagrass Ecology.- Seagrasses, Fish, and Fisheries.- Predation in Seagrass Beds.- Decline and Recovery of Seagrass Ecosystems— The Dynamics of Change.- Human Impacts on Seagrasses: Eutrophication, Sedimentation, and Contamination.- Seagrass Conservation Biology: An Interdisciplinary Science for Protection of the Seagrass Biome.- Seagrass Ecology: New Contributions from a Landscape Perspective.

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Book SynopsisThe latest and most commonly used methods of assay of important enzymes associated with carbon, nitrogen, protein and lipid metabolism. Estimation of various plant pigments and micro and macro elements. Quantification of plant hormones like IAA, ABA, GA and Ethylene. Techniques of DNA and RNA estimation, Slab Gel Electrophoresis and Western Blot analysis of plant proteins. Methods to study plant biomass and plant-water relationship. Methods to measure photosynthesis and respiration. Method for preparation of common buffe Working principles and operation techniques of a few analytical equipments like Infra-Red Gas Analyzer IRGA, Gas Liquid Chromatograph GLC, Psychrometer, Pressure bomb/pressure chamber, flame photometer, atomic absorption spectrophotometer, Leaf Area Meter and Oxygen electrode. This book is useful for students in botany, plant physiology, biochemistry, horticulture, agronomy and other cognate disciplines and other research workers."Table of Contents1. Plant pigments. 2. Biomass. 3. Growth analysis. 4. Water relations. 5. Carbohydrate metabolism. 6. Nitrogen and amino acid metabolism. 7. Protein and protein fractionation. 8. Isolation and estimation of nucleic acids. 9. Lipid and lipid metabolism. 10. Photosynthesis. 11. Respiration. 12. The antioxidative enzymes. 13. Ripening-associated enzymes. 14. Plant growth regulators. 15. Ascorbic acid. 16. Phenols. 17. Macro and micro elements. 18. Isolation of cell organelles. 19. Common buffers.

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Book SynopsisAlthough the unique flora of the Socotra Archipelago with its high degree of endemism has received much attention recently, little information is available on the vegetation and related ecological aspects. Based on their extensive field experience of the region, the authors have assimilated a vast amount of knowledge to produce this book, which gives a detailed insight into the plant ecology of Socotra, designated as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2008. The book is divided into seven chapters. After a brief introduction and overviews of important abiotic features, various aspects of the vascular flora are presented in Chapter 4, together with accounts of the bryophyte and lichen flora. Ecology and adaptive strategies of the plants are dealt with in Chapter 5, and Chapter 6 gives a concise description of the main vegetation units. Finally, important management issues of the vegetation are discussed, an essential topic to ensure preservation of the natural heritage of the archipelago.Table of ContentsPreface.- Acknowledgements.- 1. Introduction.- 2.- Topography, Climate and Soils.- 2.1. Introduction.- 2.2. Topography.- 2.3. Climate and weather patterns.- 2.4. Soils.- 3. Geology.- 3.1. Introduction.- 3.2. General geology and structure.- 3.3. Basement rocks.- 3.4. Triassic and Jurassic strata.- 3.5. Cretaceous strata.- 3.6. Tertiary strata.- 3.7. Quaternary deposits.- 3.8. Brief geology of the ancillary islands.- 3.9. Brief tectonic and climate history of the region.- 4. Flora and Biogeography.- 4.1. History of botanical exploration.- 4.2. Vascular plants.- 4.2.1. General attributes of the flora of Socotra.- 4.2.2. Characteristic distribution patterns.- 4.2.3. Endemism.- 4.2.3.1. Endemic taxa.- 4.2.3.2. Palaeoendemics and neoendemics.- 4.2.4. Origins of the Socotra flora and colonisation of the islands.- 4.2.4.1. Dispersal and vicariance.- 4.2.4.2. Long-distance dispersal.- 4.2.4.3. Examples of dispersal and vicariance in the flora of Socotra.- 4.2.4.4. Dispersal and vicariance in the fauna of Socotra.- 4.2.4.5. Invaders and colonizers.- 4.3. Ferns.- 4.4. Non-vascular cryptogams.- 4.4.1. Bryophytes.- 4.4.2. Lichens.- 5. Ecology and Adaptive Strategies.- 5.1. Introduction.- 5.2. Adaptation of plants to desert ecosystems.- 5.2.1. Photosynthetic pathways.- 5.2.2. Plant water relations.- 5.2.2.1. Leaf and stem adaptations to counteract low water potentials.- 5.2.2.2. Root systems.- 5.2.3. Energy balance.- 5.2.3.1. Energy balance and leaf morphology 5.2.3.2. Energy balance and water cycling.- 5.2.3.3. Leaf anatomy, reflectance, orientation.- 5.3. Adaptation of plants to highly saline ecosystems.- 5.4. Adaptation of plants to high-montane ecosystems.- 5.5. Life and growth-forms.- 5.5.1. Raunkiaer life-form classification.- 5.5.2. Growth-form classification of Socotran plants.- 5.5.2.1. Drought-deciduous trees.- 5.5.2.2. Drought-deciduous shrubs and dwarf shrubs.- 5.5.2.3. Evergreen trees and shrubs.- 5.5.2.4. Phreatophytes.- 5.5.2.5. Aphyllous spartinoid shrubs.- 5.5.2.6. Stem and leaf succulents.- 5.5.2.7. Caespitose graminoids.- 5.5.2.8. Stoloniferous perennial graminoids.- 5.5.2.9. Cliff-dwelling perennials.- 5.5.2.10. Cushion and mat-forming plants.- 5.5.2.11. Lianas.- 5.5.2.12. Epiphytes.- 5.5.2.13. Ephemerals.- 5.5.2.14. Parasitic plants.- 5.5.3. Life-form analysis.- 5.6. Adaptive strategies.- 5.6.1. Relating net carbon gain to environmental stress in arid ecosystems.- 5.6.2. Plant strategies in arid ecosystems.- 5.6.3. r/K-selection theory and the three-strategy CSR classification system of Grime.- 5.7. Pollination.- 5.8. Seed dispersal and germination.- 6. Vegetation.- 6.1. General comments on the vegetation.- 6.2. Broad vegetation classification.- 6.3. Vegetation of the different altitudinal belts.- 6.3.1. Coastal vegetation types.- 6.3.1.1. Sea-grass beds.- 6.3.1.2. Sandy beaches, coastal sand sheets and dunes.- 6.3.1.3. Mangroves: Avicennia marina community.- 6.3.1.4. Salt-marsh and sabkha vegetation: Arthrocnemum macrostachyum community.- 6.3.1.5. Salt-marsh and sabkha vegetation: Limonium sokotranum community.- 6.3.1.6. Other salt-marsh and sabkha vegetation.- 6.3.2. Vegetation of the coastal plains.- 6.3.2.1. Croton socotranus community.- 6.3.2.2. Tephrosia apollinea stands.- 6.3.2.3. Acacia edgeworthii community.- 6.3.2.4. Pulicaria stephanocarpa community.- 6.3.2.5. Indigofera pseudointricata–Salsola spinescens community.- 6.3.2.6. Limonium paulayanum community.- 6.3.2.7. Other vegetation types of the plains.- 6.3.3. Vegetation of the wadis at lower and middle altitudes.- 6.3.3.1. Characteristic species and assemblages of the wadis.- 6.3.4. Vegetation of lower-altitude rocky slopes.- 6.3.4.1. Adenium obesum community.- 6.3.4.2. Dwarf stem succulent communities.- 6.3.5. Vegetation of the cliffs and crevices.- 6.3.5.1. Characteristic species and assemblages of the cliffs.- 6.3.6. Vegetation of the mid-elevation plateaus and gentle slopes.- 6.3.6.1. Buxanthus pedicellatus–Dracaena cinnabari woodland of the mid-elevation limestone plateaus.- 6.3.6.2. Other vegetation types.- 6.3.6.3. Lower montane woodland.- 6.3.7. Vegetation of the montane and high-montane cloud zone.- 6.3.7.1. Cephalocroton socotranus community.- 6.3.8. Other montane vegetation types.- 6.3.9. Vegetation of the high-montane granite peaks.- 6.3.9.1. Leucas hagghierensis–Pittosporum viridiflorum community.- 6.3.9.2. Helichrysum–Hypericum dwarf shrub communities.- 6.3.10. Vegetation of wet flushes and other semi-aquatic habitats.- 6.4. Vegetation map of Socotra.- 6.5. Potential natural vegetation.- 7. Environmental Management.- 7.1. General introduction.- 7.2. Habitat degradation and desertification.- 7.3. Direct causes of ecosystem degradation.- 7.3.1. Effects of overgrazing.- 7.3.2. Soil erosion.- 7.3.3. Wood-collecting and deforestation.- 7.3.4. Infrastructure development.- 7.3.5. Impacts of drought.- 7.3.6. Potential impacts of climate change.- 7.3.7. Water extraction.- 7.3.8. Invasive species.- 7.3.9. Rubbish.- 7.4. Regeneration of the natural vegetation.- 7.4.1. Restoration.- 7.4.2. Native plant production.- 7.5. Conservation of the flora of Socotra.- 7.5.1. The conservation of Dracaena cinnabari.- 7.5.2. The conservation of Boswellia elongate.- 7.6. Coordination of conservation efforts.- 7.6.1. Conservation zoning plan.- Appendix 1. List of vascular plant species of the Socotra archipelago.- Appendix 2. List of bryophytes of Socotra.- Appendix 3. List of lichens of Socotra.- References.- Index

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Book SynopsisThe idea for the present volume stems from the In many cases we had to decide ourselves what long time friendship between the series editor and changes had to be made in the manuscript. This the volume editor. The field work was carried out was done, however, with the prior consent of during several years of the last two decades by Professor Pandeya. We hope that we did not Professor Pandeya and his team of workers: overlook any items which should have been S. C. Sharma, H. K. Jain, K. C. Paliwal, V. M. changed - if we did, it is our responsibility. In Bhanot, S. J. Pathak, R. Sharma, S. C. Bhatt, P. K. order to demonstrate our responsibility I have Mathur, Y. N. Rao and G. V. Saratbabu. The wide signed as co-editor of this volume. scope of the undertaking required expeditions and The series editor accepted this unusual task individual field studies for which reports were because the topic is of great significance for dry available. subtropical regions of the world. It was the task of Professor Pandey a to sift all The Cenchrus grasslands are of great importance this information and put it together in a form in the dry areas of South East Asia. The value of understandable for an international audience. the ecological grassland study for range manage­ The manuscript was delivered to the series edi­ ment is therefore obvious.Table of ContentsPreface. Part I: Western India - The Physical Environment, the Land, and the People. 1. Geographical Aspects, Lithology, and General Soil Conditions. 2. Climate and Water Resources. Part II: Population Differences and Distributional Pattern. 3. Population Differences in Cenchrus ciliaris and Cenchrus setigerus. 4. Climatic Factors in the Distribution of Cenchrus ciliarus Ecotypes. Part III: Net Primary Productivity and Climo-Edapho-Vegetational Relationships. 5. State of Knowledge of the Indian Grazing Lands. 6. Structure, Magnitude, and Dynamics of Primary Producers. 7. Climo-Edapho-Vegetational Relationships. Part IV: Germinability of Cenchrus ciliarus Ecotypes. 8. Seed and its Germination. Part V: Case Study. 9. System Analysis of a Village Ecosystem: A Case Study. Part VI: Results. 10. Discussion of Results. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book focuses on light-emitting diode (LED) lighting, mainly for the commercial production of horticultural crops in plant factories and greenhouses with controlled environments, giving special attention to: 1) plant growth and development as affected by the light environment; and 2) business and technological opportunities and challenges with regard to LEDs. The book contains more than 30 chapters grouped into seven parts: 1) overview of controlled-environment agriculture and its significance; 2) the effects of ambient light on plant growth and development; 3) optical and physiological characteristics of plant leaves and canopies; 4) greenhouse crop production with supplemental LED lighting; 5) effects of light quality on plant physiology and morphology; 6) current status of commercial plant factories under LED lighting; and 7) basics of LEDs and LED lighting for plant cultivation. LED lighting for urban agriculture in the forthcoming decades will not be just an advanced form of current urban agriculture. It will be largely based on two fields: One is a new paradigm and rapidly advancing concepts, global technologies for LEDs, information and communication technology, renewable energy, and related expertise and their methodologies; the other is basic science and technology that should not change for the next several decades. Consideration should be given now to future urban agriculture based on those two fields. The tremendous potentials of LED lighting for urban agriculture are stimulating many people in various fields including researchers, businesspeople, policy makers, educators, students, community developers, architects, designers, and entrepreneurs. Readers of this book will understand the principle, concept, design, operation, social roles, pros and cons, costs and benefits of LED lighting for urban agriculture, and its possibilities and challenges for solving local as well as global agricultural, environmental, and social issues.Table of ContentsPart 1 Perspective and significance of LED lighting for urban agriculture.- 1. Why LED lighting for Urban Agriculture? (T. Kozai).- 2. Integrated Urban Controlled Environment Agricultural Systems （IUCEAS） (KC Ting, T. Ling and Paul C. Davidson, University of Illinois).- 3. Open-Source Agriculture Initiative - Food for the future? – (Caleb Harper, MIT).-Part 2 Plant growth and development as affected by light.- 4. Some aspects of the light environment (T. Kozai and G. Zhang).- 5. Light acts as a signal for regulation of growth and development (Y. Higuchi and T. Hisamatsu).- 6. Factors affecting flowering seasonality (Y. Higuchi and T. Hisamatsu).- 7. Light environment in plant factory with LED lighting (T. Akiyama and T. Kozai).- Part 3 Optical and physiological characteristics of a plant leaf and a canopy (Editor: K. Fujiwara).- 8. Optical and physiological properties of a leaf (K. Murakami and R. Matsuda).- 9. Optical and physiological properties of a plant canopy (Y. Ibaraki).- 10. Evaluation of spatial light environment and plant canopy structure (Y. Ibaraki).- 11. Lighting efficiency in plant production under artificial lighting and plant growth modeling for evaluating the lighting efficiency (Y. Ibaraki).- 12. Effects of physical environment on photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration (R. Matsuda).- 13. Air current around single leaves and plant canopies and its effect on transpiration, photosynthesis, and plant organ temperatures (Y. Kitaya).- Appendix: Equations used in Part 3.- Part 4 Greenhouse crop production with supplemental LED lighting (Editor: E. Runkle).- 14. Control of Flowering Using Night-interruption and Day-extension LED Lighting (Q. Meng and E. Runkle.- 15. Control of morphology, quality and economic value by manipulating light quality (blue, red, and far-red light) and daily light integral (DLI) using LEDs (R. Lopez and J. Craver)).- 16. Supplemental intra-canopy lighting with LEDs for fruit vegetables (N. Lu, C. Mitchell, E.Heuvelink, and T. Dueck).- Part 5 Light quality effects on plant physiology and morphology (Editor: T. Kozai).- 17. Effect of Light Quality on Secondary Metabolite Production in Leafy Greens and Seedlings (H. Shimizu).- 18. Induction of plant disease resistance and other physiological responses by green light illumination (R. Kudou and K.Yamamoto).- 19. Light quality effects on intumescence (oedema) on leaves (K. Williams, C.T. Miller and J.K. Craver).- Part 6 Current status of commercial plant factories with LED lighting (T. Kozai).- 20.Business models for plant factories using artificial light (PFALs) in Taiwan (Wei Fang, National Taiwan University).- 21. Current status in Asia, Europe and other regions (E. Hayashi).- 22. Current status in Americas, (C Higgins).- 23.　Economic analysis and market creation for PFALs (E.Hayashi).- 24. Consumer perception and understanding of vegetables produced at plant factories with artificial lighting (Y. Yano, T. Nakamura and A. Maruyama).- Part 7 Basics of LEDs and LED lighting systems for plant cultivation (Editor: K.Fujiwara).- 25. Radiometric, photometric, and photometric quantities and their units (K. Fujiwara).-26. Basics of LEDs for plant cultivation (K. Fujiwara).- 27. Measurement of photometric and radiometric characteristics of LEDs for plant cultivation (E. Goto)).- 28. Configuration, function and operation of LED lighting systems (A. Yano).- 29. Energy balance and energy conversion process of LEDs and LED lighting systems (A. Yano).- 30. Health effects of occupational exposure to LED light: A special reference to plant cultivation works in plant factories (M. Takao).- 31. Moving toward Self-Learning Closed Plant Production Systems (T. Kozai, and K. Fujiwara).

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Book SynopsisThis comprehensive book highlights the importance of Cyanidioschyzon merolae (C. merolae), an ultrasmall unicellular red alga, as a model eukaryote organism. The chapters introduce recent studies on C. merolae, from culture, synchronization and isolation methods of nucleic acids, proteins and organelles for molecular biological and cytological analyses, as well as its application in genetic engineering of environmental-stress-tolerant crops and oil production. In addition to discussing recent advances based on the complete genome information and molecular biological techniques such as genetic modifications and bioinformatics, the book includes visualization aids demonstrating that both classical and recent imaging techniques of fluorescent and electron microscopy can be applied to analyses of C. merolae. This publication offers a definitive resource for both beginners and professionals studying C. merolae, particularly in the field of molecular biology, evolutionary biology, morphology, biochemistry and cell biology, as well as those interested in its applications in medical sciences and agriculture.Table of Contents

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Book SynopsisThe book inculcates a holistic approach to improve crop productivity and quality for ensuring food security and nutrition to all. This warrants to identify various stress conditions prevalent globally and tailor crop adaptability and productivity to the maximum accordingly, employing physio-molecular modern tools and techniques with judicious amalgamation with conventional crop husbandry. As a result, the book chapters encompass diverse environmental factors, internal physio-molecular processes and their modulations with a final goal of expanding area under cultivation by utilization of constraint terrains of poor site quality and augmenting sustainable crop productivity and quality on the face of rapidly changing climate. The book includes role of plant hormones, nano-sensors, nanomaterials etc. in stress tolerance responses, capturing recent advancement in the field of stress tolerance, enlarging scope of coverage by gleaning modern literature and providing glimpses of futuristic scenario of agriculture practices that can render ‘balance staple food rich in nutrition, vitamins and minerals’ to teeming billions of global human populations. Thus, the book provides a comprehensive overview of the role of stress environment and understanding stress physiology for developing stress tolerant crops. The book covers current knowledge and future prospects to achieve enhanced food security under stress environment of crops. The renowned contributors elegantly crafted each chapter, suited alike to both classroom texts for graduate students and reference material for researchers. The language and style are simple and lucid with liberal use of illustrations. This book should be on the shelf of university/ personal libraries for inquisitive students and enlightened researchers.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Role of Nanosensors and Bionanosesors in Crop Abiotic Stress.- Chapter 2. Role of Environment Stress Leaf Senescence and Crop productivity.- Chapter 3. Genomics in Enhancing Crop Productivity against Stresses.- Chapter 4. Transgenic plants: A Tool to Increase Crop Productivity Under Stress Environment.- Chapter 5. Breeding efforts for crop productivity in abiotic stress environment.- Chapter 6. Changing Environment and Crop Plant Breeding.- Chapter 7. Crop plants, abiotic stress, reactive oxygen species production, signaling and their consequences.- Chapter 8. Environment Stress Tolerance in Plants -Physiological Aspects.- Chapter 9. Role of hormones in crop plants root system architecture under changing environmental conditions.- Chapter 10. Water Logging Tolerance and Crop Productivity.- Chapter 11. Crop Adaptability to Excess Salts.- Chapter 12. Crop Scavenging Potential to Heavy Metals.- Chapter 13. Role of plant microbiome under stress environment to enhance crop productivity.- Chapter 14. Role of Effective Management of Harvested Crop to Increase Productivity under Stress Environment.- Chapter 15. Bioactive Compost for Managing Plant Growth under Stress Environment.- Chapter 16. Salicylic acid: Metabolism, Regulation and Functions in Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance.- Chapter 17. JA and Abiotic Stress Tolerance.- Chapter 18. ABA: Metabolism, Regulation and Functions in Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance.- Chapter 19. Polyamines: Metabolism, Regulation and Functions in Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance.- Chapter 20. Agriculture for Combating Global Starvation.- Chapter 21. Land use and Biodiversity Conservation through Agroforestry.- Chapter 22. Challenges of Stressed Soil: A Case Study of Acid Soil.

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Book SynopsisThe edited book highlights various emerging Omics tools and techniques that are currently being used in the analysis of responses to different abiotic stress in agronomically important cereals and their applications in enhancing tolerance mechanism. Plants are severely challenged by diverse abiotic stress factors such as low water availability (drought), excess water (flooding/ waterlogging), extremes of temperatures (cold, chilling, frost, and heat), salinity, mineral deficiency, and heavy metal toxicity. Agronomically important cereal crops like Rice, Wheat, Maize, Sorghum, Pearl Millet, Barley, Oats, Rye, Foxtail Millets etc. that are the major sources of food material and nutritional components for human health are mostly exposed to abiotic stresses during the critical phases of flowering and grain yield. Different Omics platforms like genomics, transcriptomics proteomics, metabolomics and phenomics, in conjunction with breeding and transgenic technology, and high throughput technologies like next generation sequencing, epigenomics, genome editing and CRISPR-Cas technology have emerged altogether in understanding abiotic stress response and strengthening defense and tolerance mechanism of different cereals. This book is beneficial to different universities and research institutes working with different cereal crops in the areas of stress physiology, stress-associated genes and proteins, genomics, proteomics, genetic engineering, and other fields of molecular plant physiology. The book can also be used as advanced textbook for the course work of research and master’s level students. It will be of use to people involved in ecological studies and sustainable agriculture. The proposed book bring together the global leaders working on environmental stress in different cereal crops and motivate scientists to explore new horizons in the relevant areas of research.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Morphological, architectural and biochemical modifications of cereal crops during abiotic stress.- Chapter 2. Cereal physiology, flowering and grain yield under salinity and drought stress.- Chapter 3. Physiology, flowering and grain yield under abiotic stress imposed by heavy metals.- Chapter 4. Priming effect in developing abiotic stress tolerance in cereals through metabolome reprograming.- Chapter 5. Understanding abiotic stress tolerance in cereals through genomics and proteomics approaches.- Chapter 6. Metabolome analyses in response to diverse abiotic stress.- Chapter 7. Metabolomic profiling of different cereals during biotic and abiotic stresses.- Chapter 8. Plant breeding strategies for abiotic stress tolerance in cereals.- Chapter 9. Transgenic strategies to develop abiotic stress tolerance in cereals.- Chapter 10. Genetically engineered cereals tolerant to abiotic stress.- Chapter 11. Genome editing and CRISPR-Cas technology for enhancing abiotic stress tolerance in cereals.- Chapter 12. Abiotic stress tolerance in cereals through genome editing.- Chapter 13. Varietal physiology, metabolic regulation and molecular responses of rice genotypes to diverse environmental stresses.- Chapter 14. Breeding and Omics Approaches to Understand Abiotic Stress Response in Rice.- Chapter 15. Genomics and transcriptomics approaches to understand abiotic stress response in rice.- Chapter 16. Biochemical and molecular mechanism of wheat to diverse environmental stresses.- Chapter 17. How microRNAs Regulate Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Wheat? A Snapshot.- Chapter 18. Molecular-genetic studies, breeding and genomics-based approaches to develop abiotic stress tolerance in sorghum.- Chapter 19. MicroRNAs shape the Tolerance Mechanisms against Abiotic Stress in Maize.- Chapter 20. Transcriptome, proteome and metabolome profiling for abiotic stress tolerance in maize and barley.- Chapter 21. Omics tools to understand abiotic stress response and adaptation in rye, oat and barley.- Chapter 22. Genomic tools and proteomic determinants for abiotic stress tolerance in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) and foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.).- Chapter 23. Advancement in Omics Technologies for Enhancing Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Finger millet.- Chapter 24. Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) response and tolerance to abiotic stress.- Chapter 25. Abiotic Stress Response and Adoption of Triticale.

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Book SynopsisThe book deals with latest research achievements of Brassica scientists using omics approaches in understanding host-pathogen interaction, molecular detection, identification, and functional characterization of effectors/genes including pathogenomics and biometabolomics. Genomics of host-pathogen interaction is a source of information for the teachers, students, researchers, and policy makers to foster success in enhancing the Brassica production and productivity through the development of improved disease-resistant varieties with the use of omics technologies. It is a base and sound plate form for managing biological stresses of Brassica at global level. The book covers up-to-date information on genomics of host-pathogen interaction, pathogenomics of crucifers’ pathogen, and biometabolomics of host pathosystem supplemented with ample photographs, illustrations, and figures which make it stimulating, effective, and easy to comprehend for readers, researchers, biology students, teachers, and policy makers.Table of Contents1. Genomics of crucifers’ host-pathosystem - Prologue.- 2. Crucifers’ pathogens genome.- 3. Genomics of host- pathogen interaction.- 4. Molecular detection and Identification of pathogens, pathotypes and genes.- 5. Pathogenomics of pathogenic variability.- 6. Bio-metabolomics of crucifer’s host-pathosystem.- 7. Genomics of crucifer’s host-pathosystem at a glance.- 8. Protocols to study host-pathosystem.- 9. Future research priorities of crucifers’ host pathosystem.- 10. Subject index.

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Book SynopsisThis edited volume focuses on the core aspects of sugarcane production-management under stressful environments as well as innovative strategies for augmenting crop growth & productivity through intrinsic and extrinsic manipulations. The various chapters aim at bringing out comprehensive and advance information on different aspects of sugarcane cultivation under stress environments and impact of climate change on the sustainability of sugarcane production. The book encompasses information about crop production management, physiological & nutritional requirements, ratooning, ripening and post-harvest losses management. It also delineates various technologies that support the continued use and improvement of sugarcane as renewable source of food, fiber and bio-energy. The manipulations at cellular and molecular levels, molecular breeding approaches and post-harvest technologies are also included. The area under sugarcane cultivation is gradually increasing because of its diversification potential. The high productivity and biomass of the cane crop also makes it a key source for use as bio-energy crop and a promising raw material for bio-based agro-industries. However, poor crop & biomass productivity due to abiotic stress is the foremost constraint in its future commercial exploitation as sustainable feed-stock for bio-based industries. It is therefore imperative to understand the cellular-molecular modulation responsible to productivity barrier under specific stress situation(s) for better sugarcane quality and quantum under field condition. Some of these innovative approaches are delineated in this book. This book is of interest to progressive sugarcane growers, millers, industrial entrepreneurs, sugarcane scientists, cane development and extension officers, sugar industry managers and valuable source of reference worldwide.Table of ContentsAttached

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Book SynopsisThis book dispenses a comprehensive coverage of up-to-date account of genomics and genome editing enriched smart plant breeding approaches for enhancing genetic gains in vegetable crops in the post-genomics era. The main focus of the present volume is to illuminate the applications of new techniques evolved in the post-genomics era. The techniques covered are high-throughput sequencing of DNA and RNA, genome editing, epigenetics and epigenomics, genotype by sequencing (GBS), QTL-seq and RNA-seq for transcriptome analysis. Vegetables are the important component of healthy diet, source of energy and hold a promising position in building up a strong immunity. Zero hunger and attaining the food and nutritional security is the top priority of United Nations development goals. Smart breeding of food and vegetable crops to fight the challenges ahead in sustainable manner by keeping the harmony with nature is an important approach to fulfill the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDGs). This edited book highlights the modern results in smart vegetable breeding in the post genomics era and forecasts crucial areas of future needs. It is an important reference for the, readers, students, researchers, scientists in academia and research industries to provide them comprehensive information of innovative approaches for crop improvement in the post-genomics era and in the era of and climate change. Even the readers, academia, social activists, and others fond of reading will get a fair idea of journey travelled so far and future roadmap for fighting the challenges ahead to meet the sustainable development goals.Table of ContentsAttached

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a comprehensive overview of medicinal plants and their interaction with abiotic stress in terms of morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular variations, and explains the adaptation and tolerance mechanisms involved. It presents various mechanisms that become operative in medicinal plants to combat stressful situations. The book discusses the secondary metabolites and/or bioactive compounds produced in medicinal plants under abiotic stress conditions, and the use of biostimulants and/or phytoprotectants to alleviate the adverse effects of abiotic stresses on medicinal plants. Additionally, it is likely to address opportunities and challenges in molecular and omics studies of medicinal plants under abiotic stress conditions. Overall, the chapters are developed by eminent subject experts with due care and clarity and cover an up-to-date literature review with relevant illustrations. The book would cater to the need of graduate and post-graduate students, researchers as well as scientists, and may attract the attention of pharmaceutical companies/industrialists and health policymakers.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Medicinal plants and abiotic stress: An overview.- Chapter 2. Medicinal plants proteomics in response to abiotic stresses.- Chapter 3. Medicinal plants metabolomics in response to abiotic stresses.- Chapter 4. Secondary metabolite production in medicinal plants under abiotic stress.- Chapter 5. Effect of temperature (cold and hot) stress on medicinal plants.- Chapter 6. Effect of water stress (drought and waterlogging) on medicinal plants.- Chapter 7. Effects of gaseous pollutants on medicinal plants.- Chapter 8. Impact of salinity stress on medicinal plants.- Chapter 9. Impact of aridity on specialized metabolism: Concentration of natural products in plants.- Chapter 10.The role of PGPRs in medicinal plants under abiotic stress.- Chapter 11. Effect of mineral nutrition and PGRs on biosynthesis and distribution of secondary plant metabolites under abiotic stress.- Chapter 12. Impact of phytoprotectants on growth and yield of medicinal plants under abiotic stress.- Chapter 13. Biostimulants and phytohormones improve productivity and quality of medicinal plants under abiotic stress.- Chapter 14. Light (high light/UV radiation) modulates adaptation mechanisms and secondary metabolite production in medicinal plants.- Chapter 15. Recent Strategies to engineer alkaloid biosynthesis in medicinal plants.- Chapter 16. Genome-editing strategies for enhanced stress tolerance in medicinal plants.- Chapter 16. Phytoremediation potential of medicinal plants.- Chapter 17. Phytoremediation potential of medicinal plants.

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Book SynopsisThis edited volume provides state-of–the-art overview of abiotic stress responses and tolerance mechanisms of different legume crops viz., chickpea, mung bean, lentil, black gram, cowpea, cluster bean, soybean and groundnut. Legumes play an important role in human nutrition and soil health through fixation of nitrogen. Legume production and productivity are vulnerable to different abiotic stresses. A proper understanding about the physiological and molecular basis of the legume crops is essential for genetic improvement of abiotic stress tolerance. This book consists of 15 chapters covering physiological and biochemical basis, molecular physiology, molecular breeding, genetics, genomics, transgenics, epigenetics of drought, saline, high temperature and nutrient deficiency stresses, and the role of microRNAs in abiotic stress tolerance. This volume offers new perspectives in legume crop abiotic stress management, and is useful for various stakeholders, including post graduates students, scientists, environmentalists and policymakers.Table of ContentsAttached

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Book SynopsisThis edited book provides the readers with the concepts and in-depth knowledge of plant disease assessment and conventional and modern technologies that aid in precise and accurate phytomathometery. This book discusses the evolution of plant disease assessment procedures from the primary visual estimation-based assessment to modern approaches, their practical application for reliable disease quantification, yield loss estimation, and the efficacy of disease control strategies for sustainable crop protection. Significant information is provided on the major aspects of the topic, including remote sensing, imaging techniques, molecular phytopathometery, microarray, and immunotechnology. The book helps plant scientists, plant pathologists, practitioners, researchers, and students in disease quantification, developing predictive models for plant disease epidemics, assessing crop losses, and the magnitude of plant disease control methods. This book describes the classical plant disease assessment methods based on visual observations. It Provides information regarding the modern and emerging technologies in Phytopathometery, precision, and accuracy. This book also discusses the application of disease assessments in predictive models, disease warning systems, expert systems, and decision support systems in applied plant pathology.Table of Contents1. Phytopathometry: A trans-disciplinary concept.- 2. Visual Estimation: a classical approach for plant disease estimation.- 3. Remote Sensing: A new tool for disease assessment in crops.- 4. Image analysis and processing approach: an automated plant disease recognition technology.- 5. Hyper-spectral imaging through Spatial and Spectral Sensors for Phytopathometry.- 6. Fluorescent imaging system-based plant phenotyping for disease recognition.- 7. Concept and Application of Infrared Thermography for Plant Disease Measurement.- 8. Application of Biosensors in Plant Disease Detection.- 9. Immunotechnology for Plant Disease Detection.- 10. Molecular Phytopathometry.- 11. Microarray technology for detection of plant diseases.- 12. Predictive Models for Plant Disease Assessment.- 13. Extension Plant Pathology.

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Book SynopsisThis book covers all aspects of fisheries and aquaculture of the temperate Himalayas, including fisheries resources, fish biodiversity, aquaculture status, prospects, and potential. It also includes mapping of resources, health and disease management of cultured species, feed and nutritional aspects of the cultured fish species, ornamental fisheries aspects, etc. In addition, it elucidates the recent advances in biotechnological interventions for enhancing fisheries and aquaculture productivity in the region. Essential information on the application of Geo Information System (GIS) for resource mapping, the scope of adopting re-circulatory aquaculture system for productivity enhancement, and trout culture in the Himalayan waters are provided in the book. A detailed account of recreational fisheries and fish-based ecotourism in the temperate Himalayas for generating livelihood has been provided. The impact of climate change on the fisheries of the Himalayas has been dealt with separately. The book also covers the conservation and rehabilitation aspects of endangered species of the region. This book will become a ready reference for the scientists, teachers, researchers, students, policymakers, and other stakeholders for managing fishery resources in the temperate Himalayas.Table of ContentsAttached

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Book SynopsisThis edited book provides an overview of omics technologies and methods for integration across multiple omics layers used in the plant disease diagnosis and developing management strategies. The book concentrates on the prevalence of soil-borne disease management in various important crops with use of different strategies, including host resistance and biological control etc. The special focus is on the resolving practical problems encountered after the resistance development in the pathogens against several chemical pesticides. Further, special attention is given to the emergence of new diseases or the re-emergence of old ones on several crops, and on the results and problems encountered by using microbial inoculants, biofumigation and other non-chemical control methods. This book has 18 contributory chapters from the eminent experts in the field of plant pathology, microbiology and biotechnology working on different aspects of soil-borne diseases of important agricultural crops. This edited volume is of interest and useful to researchers in plant pathology, agriculture sciences, plant genomics ecology, policy makers, also it is a valuable source of reference to the relevant researchers and students globally.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Soil-borne Viruses: Outlook on Community and Recent Advances in Detection.- Chapter 2. An In Silico Outlook for the detection and surveillance of evolving and persistent plant pathogens.- Chapter 3. Emergent Tools and Techniques in Diagnosis of Soil-borne Phytopathogens.- Chapter 4. Diagnosis and Detection of Soil-borne Fungal Phytopathogens in Major Crops.- Chapter 5. Detection and diagnosis of important soil-borne pathogens.- Chapter 6. Genetic enhancement of biocontrol agent as effective management of soil borne disease.- Chapter 7. Red root rot disease of tropical estate forests: Pathogen identification, dispersal and management.- Chapter 8. Rhizospheric Microbiome: Soil and Plant Health Management.- Chapter 9. Detection and Management of Basal Stem Rot of Oil palm: Classical to Modern Approaches.- Chapter 10. Talaromyces flavus: an important rhizospheric inhabitant.- Chapter 11. Harnessing beneficial rhizospheric microorganisms for biotic stress management in medicinal and aromatic plants.- Chapter 12. Nematophagous fungi: Biology, Ecology and potential application.- Chapter 13. Rhizosphere Microbiome: Interactions with Plant and Influence in triggering Plant Disease Resistance.- Chapter 14. Rhizospheric functional attributes of Paenibacillus polymyxa in disease and nutrient management for sustainable crop production.- Chapter 15. Biochar mediated suppression of soil-borne pathogens in agronomically important crops: An Outlook.- Chapter 16. Harnessing rhizosphere microbiomes in crop productivity.- Chapter 17. Microbial Management of Fusarium wilt in Banana: A comprehensive overview.- Chapter 18. Soil Health Management and Microorganisms: Recent Developments.

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Book SynopsisThis textbook is second edition of popular textbook of plant physiology and metabolism. The first edition of this book gained noteworthy acceptance (more than 4.9 Million downloads) among graduate and masters level students and faculty world over, with many Universities recommending it as a preferred reading in their syllabi. The second edition provides up to date and latest information on all the topics covered while also including the basic concepts. The text is supported with clear, easy to understand Figures, Tables, Box items, summaries, perspectives, thought-provoking multiple-choice questions, latest references for further reading, glossary and a detailed subject index. Authors have also added a number of key concepts, discoveries in the form of boxed- items in each chapter. Plant physiology deals with understanding the various processes, functioning, growth, development and survival of plants in normal and stressful conditions. The study involves analysis of the above-stated processes at molecular, sub-cellular, cellular, tissue and plant level in relation with its surrounding environment. Plant physiology is an experimental science, and its concepts are very rapidly changing through applications from chemical biology, cytochemical, fluorometric, biochemical and molecular techniques, and metabolomic and proteomic analysis. Consequently, this branch of modern plant biology has experienced significant generation of new information in most areas. The newer concepts so derived are being also rapidly put into applications in crop physiology. Novel molecules, such nanourea, nitric oxide, gaseous signalling molecules like hydrogen sulphide, are rapidly finding significant applications among crop plants. This textbook, therefore, brings forth an inclusive coverage of the field contained in 35 chapters, divided into five major units. It serves as essential reading material for post-graduate and undergraduate students of botany, plant sciences, plant physiology, agriculture, forestry, ecology, soil science, and environmental sciences. This textbook is also of interest to teachers, researchers, scientists, and policymakers. Table of ContentsUNIT I. TRANSPORT OF WATER AND NUTRIENTS.- 1. Concepts of Plant Water Relations.- 2. Essential and Functional Mineral Elements.- 3. Mechanisms of Water and Solute Transport.- UNIT II. METABOLISM.- 4. Concepts in Metabolism.- 5. Photosynthesis.- 6. Source-to-Sink Translocation of Photoassimilates.- 7. Respiration.- 8. ATP Synthesis.- 9. Metabolism of Storage Carbohydrates.- 10. Lipid Metabolism.- 11. Nitrogen Metabolism.- 12. Sulfur, Phosphorus and Iron Metabolism.- UNIT III. DEVELOPMENT.- 13. Light Perception and Transduction.- 14. Plant Growth regulators – An Overview.- 15. Auxins.- 16. Cytokinins.- 17. Gibberellins.- 18. Abscisic Acid.- 19. Ethylene.- 20. Brassinosteroids.- 21. Jasmonic Acid.- 22. Novel Plant Growth Regulators and Gaseous Signaling Molecules.- 23. Signal Perception and Transduction Mechanisms.- 24. Embryogenesis, Growth and Differentiation.- 25. Flowering.- 26. Pollination, Fertilization and Seed Development.- 27. Fruit Development and Ripening.- 28. Seed Dormancy and Germination.- 29. Plant Movements.- 30. Senescence and Programmed Cell Death.- UNIT IV. STRESS PHYSIOLOGY.- 31. Abiotic Stress.- 32. Biotic Interactions.- UNIT V. APPLIED PLANT PHYSIOLOGY.- 33. Secondary Metabolites.- 34. Crop Physiology and Biotechnology.- GLOSSARY.- SUBJECT INDEX.

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Book SynopsisThis edited book provides an ensemble of contemporary research related to the challenges, impacts and precautionary measures for tackling plant invasions in the context of changing climate in different regions of the world. In current scenario, plant invasions are expansive and significant component of anthropogenic global climate change. Temperature variations may compromise the adaptability of native species, thereby stressing them and decreasing the resistance potential of natural communities to invasion. Invasive alien species under the current scenario have been suggested as a major threat to biodiversity. It is also predicted that increasing disturbances or extreme events such as fires, floods, cyclones, storms, heat-waves, droughts, etc. will be direct consequences of changing climate supporting the invasive alien species. A comprehensive understanding of the interaction between species invasion and climate change will be supplemental in forecasting future shifts in biodiversity. Further, different predictive models indicate a plausible increase in the abundance and impact of invasive alien species which may have direct implications for future research and target-oriented policy and decision making. However, these predictions become more complicated considering the complexity of interactions between the impacts of changing climate with other components of global change (changes in land use, nitrogen deposition, etc.) which are affecting the distribution of native plant species, ecosystem dynamics as well as non-native/invasive species. This book will be suitable for students (undergraduate and postgraduates) of agriculture, forestry, ecology, soil science, and environmental sciences; teachers, researchers, and climate change scientists in academic and research institutions. It will also be applicable to environmental management agencies, government agencies and policy makers. Table of ContentsAttached

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