Physical geography and topography Books

Book SynopsisThis text uses stratigraphy, geomorphology and hydrology to explain the distribution and development of soil on a landscape. The approach is three-dimensional, considering the surface geology, geomorphology and hydrology and their combined influence on soil properties and distribution.Table of ContentsStratigraphy. Textural Characteristics of Soil Materials. Fluvial Systems. Hillslope Sediments. Transitional Environments and Terrigenous Marine ShelfSediments. Volcanic Materials. Saprolite. Geomorphology. How Landscapes Evolve. Rates of Denudation. Streams. Hillslope Processes and Mass Movement. Time and Soil Formation. Hydrology. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe purpose of this book is to demonstrate that the land-based geomorphological evidence of environmental change from late Pleistocene, Holocene, historical and contemporary time periods remain central to the understanding of environmental change both at the global and regional scale.Trade Review"...a useful introduction to the topic..." (Aslib Book Guide, August 2000) "...an excellent source of information...gives an excellent insight into the ways in which human activity can affect the geomorphic process..." (Civil Engineering Surveyor, January 2001) "...the book is a well written demonstration that modern geomorphology has indeed a high potential to contribute to the study of global environmental change..." (Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie) "...There is plenty here to stimulate thought..." (The Geographical Journal, March 2002)Table of ContentsList of Contributors Preface and Acknowledgements Section A Introduction 1. Global Environmental Change: The Global Agenda (by Olav Slaymaker) Section B Tectonics, Sea Level and Climate Forcing Introduction 2. Glacial Landforms in Taiwan and a Reinterpretation of the Last Glacial Snowline Depression (by Margot Böse) 3. The Effects of Relative Sea Level Changes on the Coastal Morphology of Southern Apulia (Italy) during the Holocene (by Michela Dini, Giuseppe Mastronuzzi and Paolo Sansò) 4. Estimating Pleistocene Tectonic Uplift Rates in the Southeastern Apennines (Italy) from Erosional Land Surfaces and Marine Terraces (by Annalisa Amato) Section C Regional Hydrologic and Lacustrine Impacts of Global Environmental Change Introduction 5. Slope-Channel Linkage as a Control on Geomorphic Sensitivity in Alpine Basins, Cascade Mountains, British Columbia (by Martin Evans) 6. A Holocene Debris-Flow Chronology for an Alpine Catchment, Colorado Front Range (by Brian Menounos) 7. Holocene Paleoenvironments in Central Spain Reconstructed by Sedimentological Investigation of Playa Lake Systems (by Brigitta Schütt) 8. Rainfall Increase, Land Use and Morphodynamic Changes in Northwestern Argentina as Indicators of the Effects of Future Climatic Changes (by J.M. Sayago and M. Toledo) 9. Some Considerations Regarding Climatic Change and Specific Erosion in Central Italy (by Walter Dragoni and Daniela Valigi) Section D Human Activity and Global Environmental Change Introduction 10. Sensitivity of Fluvial Systems to Climate Change and Human Impact: A Case Study from Central Europe (by Monika Igl, Roland Mäusbacher, Heike Schneider and Jussi Baade) 11. Geomorphological Change on the Tsengwen Coastal Plain in Southwestern Taiwan (by Jul-Chin Chang) 12. Environmental Impact of Land Use Change in the Inner Alentejo (Portugal) in the 20th century (by Denise de Brum Ferreira) 13. Classification of Spatial and Temporal Changes to a Developed Barrier Island, Seven Mile Beach, New Jersey, USA (by Nancy L. Jackson, Karl F. Nordstrom, Michael S. Bruno and Valerie L. Spalding) 14. Impact of Human Activities on Geomorphic Processes in the Almora Region, Central Himalaya, India (by J.S. Rawat, Geeta Rawat and S.P. Rai) Section E Conclusion 15. Reflections on the Actual and Potential Role of Geomorphology in Global Environmental Change Research (by Olav Slaymaker) Index

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Book SynopsisThis volume contains essays which describe key developments in the areas of human, physical and environmental geography over the 20th century. It also examines how the teaching of geography has changed, highlighting alterations to the structure and character of the educational agenda.Table of ContentsMadingley Revisited? NEW PERSPECTIVES FOR GEOGRAPHY: OVERVIEW AND ISSUES. Geography into the Next Century. Academic Geography: The Key Questions for Discussion. School Geography: The Key Questions for Discussion. GEOGRAPHY IN HIGHER EDUCATION. A Place in Geography. Only Connect: Approaches to Human Geography. DEVELOPMENTS IN PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. Environmentalism and Geography: A Union Still to BeConsummated. GEOGRAPHY IN THE SCHOOL CURRICULUM. Geography 5 to 19: Retrospect and Prospect. Developments at A Level. DEVELOPMENTS IN GEOGRAPHY 14-19. Defining and Measuring Progression in Geography. Trends in School Geography and Information Technology. Geography in the Scottish School Curriculum. Geography 5-19: Some Issues for Debate. LEARNING FROM THE DIALOGUE. Geography at the Secondary/Higher Education Interface: ChangeThrough Diversity. Human and Regional Geography in Schools and Higher Education. The Experience of Physical Geography in Schools and HigherEducation. Teaching Environmental Issues in Schools and HigherEducation. The Contribution of Geography to Personal and SocialEducation. CONCLUSION. New Perspectives for Geography: An Agenda for Action.

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Book SynopsisThe geological history of the Antarctic provides a special record of important interactions between a closely linked system of the lithosphere, atmosphere, cryosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. Antarctic Marine Geology is a comprehensive single-authored book to introduce students and researchers to the geology of the region and the unique processes that occur there.Trade ReviewReview of the hardback: ' … a well-organized format that brings a sense of real progress to a diverse series of subjects. This book is going to be a classic reference.' Eugene W. Domack, EOS: Transactions, American Geophysical UnionReview of the hardback: 'This is a fascinating and well-produced volume … It is easily readable and refreshingly lacking in obscure language. It deserves a place in any geological library.' A. J. Sheehan, Open University Geological Society JournalReview of the hardback: 'Although there are several useful accounts of these topics, this is the first time that the subject has received comprehensive treatment. The book, in fact, is more wide-ranging than the title implies, and will thus be of value to all earth scientists and others working in Antarctica. … this book represents a dignificant achievement in drawing together a wide range of disparate information. … the book is a valuable addition to the literature. It will prove to be essential reading for all Antarctic marine and glacial geologists, whilst students taking advanced courses in glacial sedimentology will find much of relevance.' Journal of Polar RecordTable of Contents1. Antarctica's environment; 2. Geological history of Antarctica; 3. Continental shelf geomorphology and relief-forming processes; 4. Sedimentology; 5. Continental margin evolution; 6. Antarctica's glacial history; Bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisAcclaimed historian Natalie Zemon Davis's accessible and dramatic biography was widely hailed as a masterpiece and tells the story of Leo Africanus, a sixteenth-century Moroccan who embodies the rich and complex exchanges between Europe and Africa during the Renaissance.Trade Review"'Fascinating... No review can do justice to the intelligence and richness of Davis's book.' Allan Massie, Telegraph"

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Book SynopsisThe fourth edition of this highly acclaimed text on the natural environment of the earth has now been thoroughly revised and updated and includes a new chapter on The Organic World, more windows, new illustrations, and a range of other features. Please visit the accompanying website at: www.blackwellpublishers.co.uk/goudie to view sample material from both the new edition and forthcoming instructor''s manual online. Fully updated with an entirely new chapter, and new features throughout. Now features a list of key concepts and points for review. Includes increased number of windows, updated and expanded reading guides, and new plates and diagrams. Well illustrated with updated examples and case studies. Puts more stress on the importance of hazards, natural environmental changes, and human impacts. Trade Review"Andrew Goudie has drawn on his wide experience to produce an up-to-date, accessible and comprehensive introduction to physical geography. Throughout the book, the issue of scale is emphasized - from global to local. Human impact on earth surface systems is another important and topical theme. This is an excellent book, elegantly written, which will appeal to a wide variety of readers." Professor Tim Burt, University of Durham "This classic text is now in its fourth edition ... the text excels in presenting classification schemes." Scottish Geographical JournalTable of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgements. Part I: The Global Framework:. 1. Global Geological Background. The Ancient Earth. Core, Mantle and Crust. The Nature of the Ocean Floors. The Surface of the Land. Earthquakes. The Shape of the Continents. The Question of Plates. Microplates and Exotic Terraces. The Earth's Rock Types. The Subdivisions of the Earth's History. Conclusions. Key Terms and Concepts. Points for Review. Further Reading for Chapter 1. 2. Global Climatic Background. A Vertical Profile Through the Atmosphere. Global Climate. World Patterns of Precipitation. World Patterns of Temperature. The Major Climatic Zones. The Hydrological Cycle. Ocean Currents. Ocean Atmosphere Interactions. Climatic Change. Causes Long-Term Climatic Change. Sea-Level Changes. Future Climates. Conclusions. Key Terms and Concepts. Points for Review. Further Reading for Chapter 2. 3. The Organic World. Major Vegetation Types. Human Modifications of Major Vegetation Types. Floral Realms. Faunal Realms. The World's Great Soil Orders. Human Modifications of Soil. Climatic Geomorphology: The Influence of Climate, Soil and Vegetation. Key Terms and Concepts. Points for Review. Further Reading for Chapter 3. Part II: Major World Zones:. 4. Cold Environments. Polar Climates. Vegetation and Wildlife. Glacier Types. The Formation of Glacier Ice. How Glaciers Move. Glacial Erosion. Glacial Deposits. Glacier Ice and Sea-Level Changes. Permafrost. Ground Ice. Thermokarst. Ice Segregation and Frost Heaving. Frost Shattering and Soil Formation. Slope Processes, Avalanches and River Regimes. Key Terms and Concepts. Points for Review. Further Reading for Chapter 4. 5. The Mid-latitudes. The Westerlies. Cyclones and Anticyclones. Air Masses. Cool Temperate Climates. Western Margin Warm Temperate Climates (The Mediterranean Type). Eastern Margin Warm Temperate Climates. Boreal Forest. Deciduous Forests. Mid-Latitude Grasslands. Mediterranean Evergreen Woodlands. Soils of Cool Temperate Climates. Soils of Warm Temperate Climates. The Impact of Climatic Change on the Landscape. Loess Sheets. Dry Valleys and Mis Fit Stream. Tors. Natural Hazards in Western Europe. Key Terms and Concepts. Points for Review. Further Reading for Chapter 5. 6. Deserts. Introduction. What Causes Aridity?. Desert Rainfall. Desert Temperatures. Past Climates in Deserts. Desert Vegetation and Animals. Soils and Surface Materials. Insolation and Salt Weathering. Wind Action in Deserts. Sand Deposition - Dunes. The Work of Rivers. Desert Slopes. Dams, Reservoirs and Inter-Basin Water Transfer. Land Degradation. Problems of the Desert Realm. Key Terms and Concepts. Points for Review. Further Reading for Chapter 6. 7. The Tropics. The General Atmospheric Circulation. The Wet Tropics. Tropical Season Climates. Monsoons. Tropical Disturbances. Tropical Rainforests. Secondary Forest. Tropical Seasonal Forest and Savannah. Mangrove Swamps. Coral Reefs. Weathering of Rocks. Slope Movements. Some Problems of the Humid Tropics. Key Terms and Concepts. Points for Review. Further Reading for Chapter 7. Part III: Mountain and Maritime Environments:. 8. Mountains. Introduction. Mountain Climates. Snow and the Snow-Line. Mountain Vegetation. The Timber-Line. Alpine Tundra. Mountain Hazards. Changing Climates. Key Terms and Concepts. Points for Review. Further Reading for chapter 8. 9. Coasts. Coastlines. Waves. Barrier Beaches and Related Forms. Tides. Storm Surges. Estuaries. Coastal Dunes. Salt Marshes. Coast Erosion. The Human Impact on the Coastline. Key Terms and Concepts. Points for Review. Further Reading for Chapter 9. Part IV: Landscapes and Ecosystems:. 10. Plants and Animals. Ecology and Ecosystems. Plants and Their Habitats. Life in the Oceans. Community. Succession. Dispersal and Migration of Plants. Dispersal and Migration of Animals. The Importance of Area. Human Impact on Plants and Animals. Domestication. Introductions. Pollution. Habitat Change. Extinction. Conservation. Key Terms and Concepts. Points for Review. Further Reading for Chapter 10. 11. Tectonic Features. Introduction. Volcanoes. Intrusive Igneous Rocks. Earthquakes. Man-Made Seismic Activity. Faults. Folding. Key Terms and Concepts. Points for Review. Further Reading for Chapter 11. 12. Slopes. Mass Movements. Slope Instability. Other Processes Operating on Slopes. Slope Forms. Slope Development Through Time. Key Terms and Concepts. Points for Review. Further Reading for Chapter 12. 13. Soils and Weathering. Factors of Soil Formation. Soil Profiles. Types of Weathering. Mechanical Weathering. Chemical Weathering. Accelerated Soil Erosion. Key Terms and Concepts. Points for Review. Further Reading for Chapter 13. 14. The Hydrological Cycle. Introduction. Precipitation. Interception. Evapotranspiration. Infiltration. Surface Runoff. Groundwater. Streamflow and the Hydrograph. Annual River Regimes. Lakes. Key Terms and Concepts. Points for Review. Further Reading for Chapter 14. 15. Rivers. Introduction. Morphometry of Drainage Basins. Drainage Basin Patterns. Concave Long Profiles. Channel Cross-Section and Hydraulic Geometry. Channel Patterns. Flood Plains. Terraces. Deltas. Stream Transport. Rates of Fluvial Denudation. Floods. The Human Impact on Rivers. Key Terms and Concepts. Points for Review. Further Reading for Chapter 15. 16. Cities. Introduction. The Climate of Cities. Air Pollution and its Problems. Urbanisation and River Flow. Thermal Pollution River Water. Soil Erosion and Sediment Yield Associated with Construction and Urbanisation. Animals in Cities. Key Terms and Concepts. Points for Review. Further Reading for Chapter 16. Part V: Conclusion:. 17. Nature, Humans and the Environment. Introduction. Environmental Complexity. Environmental Interactions. The Importance of Scale. The Influence of Environment on Humans. The Human Impact. The Ever-Changing Environment. Humans or Nature?. Equifinality. The Relevance and Application of Physical Geography. Index.

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Book SynopsisRevised edition of: A neotropical companion. 2nd ed., rev. and expanded. c1997.Trade Review"The New Neotropical Companion describes, explains, and provides insight into the unique ecosystems of the Neotropics... Written by an ornithologist who is also a birder and who embraces the world from an ecological viewpoint that sees birds as part of larger systems of evolution, succession, and mutualism, The New Neotropical Companion is the textbook-that-is-not-a-textbook you always wanted to read, though you may not know it yet... [The New Neotropical Companion] will prepare you to walk through the rainforest and observe Neotropical birds. You may even begin to feel a sense of belonging in this very different world."--10,000 Birds blog Praise for A Neotropical Companion: "John Kricher's Neotropical Companion is an incredible accretion of facts, figures and anecdotes. Kricher outlines the region's ecology, pharmacology, evolutionary theory, anthropology, climatology, ornithology and conservation, with lots of personal stories to bring it all to life."--Simon Garrett, Times Literary Supplement Praise for A Neotropical Companion: "The book is exactly what it says it is, a companion to take with you on your travels in the New World tropics."--Journal of Natural History Praise for A Neotropical Companion: "Well-illustrated and beautifully written... [A Neotropical Companion] contains a wealth of information, explanations and curious facts about the region's natural history, and is the kind of overview that Alfred Russel Wallace, Henry Bates and other early scientific explorers of Amazonia would have given fingers from their collecting hand to have possessed."--Adrian Barnett, New Scientist Praise for A Neotropical Companion: "Kricher has created a highly readable, comprehensive overview of Neotropical ecosystems, which can serve on many levels: as a traveler's companion, as an introductory text for students, or as recreational reading material for those interested in tropical ecosystems."--ChoiceTable of ContentsPreface 9 Acknowledgments 11 How to Use This Book 12 1 Welcome to the Torrid Zone 15 2 Why It Is Hot, Humid, and Rainy in the Tropics 29 3 Rain Forest: The Realm of the Plants 39 4 Finding Animals in Rain Forest 58 5 Sun Plus Rain Equals Rain Forest 73 6 Essential Dirt: Soils and Cycling 81 7 If a Tree Falls ... Rain Forest Disturbance Dynamics 95 8 Evolutionary Cornucopia 113 9 Why Are There So Many Species? 134 10 Tropical Intimacy: Mutualism and Coevolution 155 11 Evolutionary Arms Races: More Coevolution, More Complexity 181 12 Cruising the Rivers to the Sea 205 13 Scaling the Andes 235 14 Don't Miss the Savannas and Dry Forests 250 15 Neotropical Birds: The Bustling Crowd 262 16 From Monkeys to Tarantulas: Endless Eccentricities 319 17 Human Ecology in the Tropics 365 18 The Future of the Neotropics 377 Appendix Words of Caution: Be Sure to Read This 389 Further Reading 392 Index 417

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Book SynopsisHere is the ultimate field guide to Botswana's stunningly diverse birdlife. Covering all 597 species recorded to date, Birds of Botswana features more than 1,200 superb color illustrations, detailed species accounts, seasonality and breeding bars, and a color distribution map for each species. Drawing on the latest regional and national data, the bTrade Review"[An] excellent guide... With the publication of this field guide, Botswana is likely to become a more popular birding destination for travelers."--Dan R. Kunkle, Wildlife Activist "This is the first-ever field guide to birds of this south African country. Part of the Princeton Field Guides, it is excellent, with 255 well-executed color plates of all 597 Botswana species... A very valuable resource for all academic audiences concerned with Africa's wildlife."--Choice "This book is definitely an excellent addition to the ornithological literature of southern Africa."--Holger Kolberg, Lanioturdus "The book will be a welcome addition to any keen southern African birder's library."--Peter Ryan, African Birdlife "Attractive, readable ... this field guide will prove indispensable for birdwatchers traveling in Botswana."--Jonathan F. Husband, ARBATable of ContentsForeword 7 Acknowledgments 8 Introduction 9 Botswana at a glance 9 Biogeographic context 10 Vegetation and habitat types 11 Overview of Botswana's birds 17 Where to see birds in Botswana 17 How to use this book 20 BirdLife Botswana 22 Glossary 23 Bird Topography 26 Species Accounts 28-383 Struthionidae 28 Numididae 28 Phasianidae 30 Turnicidae 34 Anatidae36 Podicipedidae 46 Phoenicopteridae 48 Ciconiidae 50 Scopidae 54 Threskiornithidae 56 Ardeidae 58 Pelecanidae 70 Phalacrocoracidae 72 Anhingidae 74 Heliornithidae 74 Sagittariidae 76 Pandionidae 76 Accipitridae 78 Falconidae 112 Otididae 120 Gruidae 124 Sarothruridae 126 Rallidae 126 Burhinidae 134 Recurvirostridae 134 Charadriidae 136 Rostratulidae 142 Jacanidae 144 Scolopacidae 146 Glareolidae 158 Stercorariidae 164 Laridae 164 Pteroclidae 170 Columbidae 172 Musophagidae178 Cuculidae 180 Strigidae 190 Tytonidae 196 Caprimulgidae 198 Apodidae 202 Trogonidae 206 Coliidae 208 Coraciidae 210 Alcedinidae 212 Meropidae 218 Upupidae 222 Phoeniculidae 222 Bucerotidae 224 Bucorvidae 226 Lybiidae 228 Indicatoridae 230 Picidae 232 Psittacidae 236 Platysteiridae 238 Prionopidae 240 Eurylaimidae 240 Malaconotidae 242 Dicruridae 248 Campephagidae 248 Monarchidae 250 Laniidae 250 Oriolidae 254 Pittidae 256 Corvidae 256 Stenostiridae 258 Paridae 258 Remizidae 260 Nicatoridae 260 Alaudidae 262 Pycnonotidae 272 Hirundinidae 274 Macrosphenidae 282 Phylloscopidae 282 Acrocephalidae 284 Locustellidae 290 Cisticolidae 290 Leiothrichidae 302 Sylviidae 306 Zosteropidae 308 Certhiidae 308 Sturnidae 310 Buphagidae 316 Turdidae 318 Muscicapidae 320 Nectariniidae 334 Passeridae 338 Ploceidae 344 Estrildidae 356 Viduidae 364 Motacillidae 370 Fringillidae 378 Emberizidae 382 Appendix of Additional Species 384 References 385 Species Index 386 About the Author & Illustrator 398

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Book SynopsisIn August 2007 a Russian flag was planted under the North Pole during a scientific expedition triggering speculation about a new scramble for resources beneath the thawing ice.Trade Review"A rich historical, geopolitical and social anthropoligical account of soverign space-making practices." International Affairs "Leading polar scholars Klaus Dodds and Mark Nuttall reveal the nuances in the scramble for the poles, as they are unveiled by the potent combination of climate change and enabling technologies in a context of resource pursuit and the changing global order. Polar security in the broadest sense, depends on constraining this scramble over coming decades."Alan D. Hemmings, Gateway Antarctica, University of Canterbury "This powerful book details the myriad contrasts and connections between the contemporary Polar Regions. Using the metaphor of scrambles, Dodds and Nuttall provide a major, comparative statement for the future social and political study of the poles."Richard Powell, University of Oxford"A thought-provoking book."Polar RecordTable of ContentsPreface List of Figures and Maps Chapter 1: Scrambling for the Extraordinary Chapter 2: Making and Remaking the Polar Regions Chapter 3: Under Ice and Snow Chapter 4: Governing the Arctic and Antarctic Chapter 5: New Resource Frontiers Chapter 6: Opening up the Poles Chapter 7: Polar Demands and Demanding Polar Regions Notes References

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Book SynopsisIn August 2007 a Russian flag was planted under the North Pole during a scientific expedition triggering speculation about a new scramble for resources beneath the thawing ice.Trade Review"A rich historical, geopolitical and social anthropoligical account of soverign space-making practices." International Affairs "Leading polar scholars Klaus Dodds and Mark Nuttall reveal the nuances in the scramble for the poles, as they are unveiled by the potent combination of climate change and enabling technologies in a context of resource pursuit and the changing global order. Polar security in the broadest sense, depends on constraining this scramble over coming decades."Alan D. Hemmings, Gateway Antarctica, University of Canterbury "This powerful book details the myriad contrasts and connections between the contemporary Polar Regions. Using the metaphor of scrambles, Dodds and Nuttall provide a major, comparative statement for the future social and political study of the poles."Richard Powell, University of Oxford"A thought-provoking book."Polar RecordTable of ContentsPreface List of Figures and Maps Chapter 1: Scrambling for the Extraordinary Chapter 2: Making and Remaking the Polar Regions Chapter 3: Under Ice and Snow Chapter 4: Governing the Arctic and Antarctic Chapter 5: New Resource Frontiers Chapter 6: Opening up the Poles Chapter 7: Polar Demands and Demanding Polar Regions Notes References

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewA gracefully written, impeccably researched, major study of something of importance not only to Americans but to anyone interested in public access to regions of scenic, historical, or ecological significance. National Park Roads will be a major work of lasting value, with no other book remotely on its scale or in its class.–John Stilgoe, Harvard University, author of Train Time: Railroads and the Imminent Reshaping of the United States Landscape.For most Americans, to visit a national park is to experience its roads. While it's easy to lament that fact and to see roads as modern intrusions into otherwise pristine nature, Tim Davis insists that roads and road building sit at the very heart of national park history. Roads shape the view, define the line between preservation and use, and demonstrate above all else that our national parks are landscapes where nature and culture intersect. National Park Roads is a stunning history of the built environment that will change the way we see our national parks.–Paul Sutter, University of Colorado, author of Driven Wild: How the Fight against Automobiles Launched the Modern Wilderness Movement.

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Book SynopsisWritten by leading academics, this book is an invaluable âhow to ââ guide to studying for a Geography degree. Written in a practical and conversational style, it offers important insights into how to succeed in the first year of your degree course, covering everything from how to succeed in assessments to how to decide where to live. Some of the information the book provides is academic and some of it is non-academic, as negotiating both is important in order to be successful in the first year of a Geography degree.Studying Geography at University is ideal for those in the early stages of applying to university. Each chapter offers hints and tips and gives practical real-world insights into becoming a successful geography student that will enrich applications, open days and visit days. It is also possible to dip into the chapter summaries, âWhat Do Students Say?â and âTop Tipâ boxes only. Written by current students, from a range of institutions, these provide unique insights into the book's key points. Current students should also keep and refer to the book as an invaluable guide through the first few months of their degree.This guide is a must-read for anyone starting their studies in Human Geography, Physical Geography, Environmental Science or any other related subject at university.Table of ContentsPart 1: What to expect when your Geography degree begins 1. Accommodation and the social transition to university 2. The types of geography you can study at university 3. Degree organisation and structure 4. Approaches to geography teaching and learning 5. Getting the most from lectures 6. Getting the most from seminars and tutorials 7. Your tutor and other sources of support 8. How will you be assessed? 9. What to expect from the first couple of weeks at university Part 2: The academic skills you need to succeed 10. Listening skills 11. Effective note-taking 12. Approaching reading lists and library search strategies 13. Becoming an effective academic reader 14. Writing essays 15. Developing an academic writing style 16. Referencing and plagiarism 17. Arguing and thinking critically 18. Surviving exams 19. Delivering presentations 20. Doing Human Geography fieldwork 21. Field and lab research in physical geography (by Dr Simon Drew) 22. Making the most of feedback 23. Keeping balance and maintaining wellbeing

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Book SynopsisEffective spatial analysis is an essential element of archaeological research; this book is a unique guide to choosing the appropriate technique, applying it correctly and understanding its implications both theoretically and practically. Focusing upon the key techniques used in archaeological spatial analysis, this book provides the authoritative, yet accessible, methodological guide to the subject which has thus far been missing from the corpus. Each chapter tackles a specific technique or application area and follows a clear and coherent structure. First is a richly referenced introduction to the particular technique, followed by a detailed description of the methodology, then an archaeological case study to illustrate the application of the technique, and conclusions that point to the implications and potential of the technique within archaeology. The book is designed to function as the main textbook for archaeological spatial analysis courses at undergraduate and Trade Review"[The book] will be a welcome addition to libraries and bookshelves in both academia and heritage practice." - Will Megarry, Journal of Irish ArchaeologyTable of ContentsList of figures. List of tables. List of contributors. 1. Archaeology and spatial analysis. 2. Preparing archaeological data for spatial analysis. 3. Spatial sampling. 4. Spatial point patterns and processes. 5. Percolation analysis. 6. Geostatistics and spatial structure in archaeology. 7. Spatial interpolation. 8. Spatial applications of correlation and linear regression. 9. Non-stationarity and local spatial analysis. 10. Spatial fuzzy sets. 11. Spatial approaches to assignment. 12. Analysing regional environmental relationships. 13. Predictive spatial modelling. 14. Spatial agent-based modelling. 15. Spatial networks. 16. Space syntax methodology. 17. GIS-based visibility analysis. 18. Spatial analysis based on cost functions. 19. Processing and analysing satellite data. 20. Processing and analysing geophysical data. 21. Space and time. 22. Challenges in the analysis of geospatial ‘Big Data’. 23. The analytical role of 3D realistic computer graphics. 24. Spatial data visualisation and beyond. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe hills of Scotland are a significant part of the landscape and the names of these hills reflect the social and cultural history of Scotland over the past 500 years and those who have been there. This book explains the origin and the meaning of the names of Scotland's hills, as well as how to pronounce them.

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Book SynopsisThe number of Earth observation satellites launched in recent years is growing exponentially, along with the datasets they gather from free-to-access and commercial providers. The second edition of Practical Handbook of Remote Sensing is updated with new explanations and practical examples using the Copernicus satellite data and new versions of the open-source software. A new chapter and new applications have also been added. Thoroughly revised, the handbook continues to be a practical how-to remote sensing guide for those who want to use the technology, understand what is available, how to access it, and answer questions about our planet, but do not necessarily want to become scientific experts.Table of Contents1. What is Remote Sensing? 2. How Does Remote Sensing Work? 3. Data Available from Remote Sensing 4. Basic Remote Sensing Using Landsat Data 5. Introduction to Image Processing 6. Practical Image Processing 7. Geographic Information System and an Introduction to QGIS 8. Urban Environments and Their Signatures 9. Landscape Evolution 10. Inland Waters and the Water Cycle 11. Coastal Waters and Coastline Evolution 12. Atmospheric Gases and Pollutants 13. Where to Next?

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Book SynopsisUrban Drainage and Storage Practices focuses on the latest developments in urban stormwater design methods using drainage and storage approaches for both water quality and quantity control. It covers both the conventional approaches to flood mitigation and low-impact methods for stormwater quality enhancement. Theory, practice, and modeling methods are presented to illustrate how to build a holistic stormwater drainage and storage system using urban open space and parks through multiple land use.Each chapter provides background theory, numerical experiments, illustrations, and Excel spreadsheets that outline design and calculation procedures. All urban watersheds are modeled as a series of cascading planes to drain stormwater from upstream roofs and parking lots onto downstream grass areas and vegetal beds. The drainage system is designed as a three-layer cascading system with various low-impact units for micro events, conveyance elements for minor events, and storage facilities for macro events. This book: presents the theory and practice of designing and building a stormwater system explains green approaches to designing and managing urban stormwater systems. This text is ideal for senior and graduate students studying urban hydrology, hydraulic engineering, and water resource management. It will also be useful for engineers requiring a technical book with hands-on practical examples.

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Book SynopsisIn a context of disciplinary division between human and physical geography, the book seeks to reassert the unity of the field through an emphasis on a shared focus on the geographic configuration of things and how and why configuration is important.It first examines previous approaches to reestablishing unity, and why they have failed, before moving on to an explanation of fundamental differences in what is being studied and how. The role of configuration looms large in both. This is in the sense of contingency and the idea of emergence, suggesting that reconstruction of unity can proceed through an exchange of models of understanding. This book will appeal to those teaching courses or seminars in geographic thought or in the history of geographic thought.Table of ContentsPrefaceChapter 1- Unity in DiversityChapter 2 - DivergencesChapter 3 - How Configuration MattersReferences

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Book SynopsisIn a context of disciplinary division between human and physical geography, the book seeks to reassert the unity of the field through an emphasis on a shared focus on the geographic configuration of things and how and why configuration is important.It first examines previous approaches to reestablishing unity, and why they have failed, before moving on to an explanation of fundamental differences in what is being studied and how. The role of configuration looms large in both. This is in the sense of contingency and the idea of emergence, suggesting that reconstruction of unity can proceed through an exchange of models of understanding. This book will appeal to those teaching courses or seminars in geographic thought or in the history of geographic thought.

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Book SynopsisOriginally published in 1975 and in a second edition in 1980, Plant Geography was the first text in biogeography that provided an adequate treatment of modern plant population theory. It is an introduction to the subject for students of both geography and biology.

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Book SynopsisUrban Climates is the first full synthesis of modern scientific and applied research on urban climates. The book begins with an outline of what constitutes an urban ecosystem. It develops a comprehensive terminology for the subject using scale and surface classification as key constructs. It explains the physical principles governing the creation of distinct urban climates, such as airflow around buildings, the heat island, precipitation modification and air pollution, and it then illustrates how this knowledge can be applied to moderate the undesirable consequences of urban development and help create more sustainable and resilient cities. With urban climate science now a fully-fledged field, this timely book fulfills the need to bring together the disparate parts of climate research on cities into a coherent framework. It is an ideal resource for students and researchers in fields such as climatology, urban hydrology, air quality, environmental engineering and urban design.Trade Review'This is a very important book for anyone interested in understanding the climates of cities - their characteristics, controls, causes and implications. Comprehensive, clearly written, richly illustrated, and with broad ranging examples and well documented sources of data, this is a book that should be read by researchers, students and practitioners interested in the urban environment, urban planning and design, and smart cities. Its presentation makes it accessible, valuable and insightful, to those new to the field as well as established experts. This book will be a classic reference that will stand up to being read many times.' Sue Grimmond, University of Reading'As an architect and urban planner, I find this scientific text by Oke et al. to be comprehensive, insightful and useful for my next project. It makes my job designing healthy and resilient cities much easier. It is a must for those who care about the future of our cities.' Edward Ng, The Chinese University of Hong Kong'Because the proportion of the world's population living in urban areas is expected to approach 65-70% by 2050, it is urgent and timely to gain a comprehensive understanding of '… physical mechanisms underlying the workings of urban atmospheres… (Preface)'. The four authors, all world renowned physical geographers and urban climatologists, have created the ultimate book on urban climate for gaining this understanding, meant primarily for upper undergraduate and beginning graduate levels and for those in other related fields, such as urban hydrology, air quality, environmental engineering, and urban design. The authors suggest that the book represents '… the first full synthesis of modern scientific and applied research on urban climates …'. Of this there is no doubt, and thus it is a book of monumental importance for researchers, educators, and students of urban climate science and urban environments.' Anthony J. Brazel, Arizona State University'Monumental summary of urban climate, which could not be written by any other team of researchers than this, headed by the international face of the field for the last fifty years, Tim Oke. From its nineteenth-century beginnings, to latest research results, and then to its critical applications in weather forecasting, air quality, health, climate change, and planning, it will be indispensable for anyone interested in the subject, from students, researchers, and most importantly, planners.' Robert Bornstein, San Jose State University'This book is without peer in its field. Written by four of the most eminent scientists in urban climate, this excellent book is destined to become a classic and a fundamental reference for students, teachers and researchers alike.' Nigel Tapper, Monash University, Melbourne'A signature textbook has been lacking for some time now within the field of Urban Climate. We now have it. The content, quality and scope of Urban Climates are just what you would expect from some of the most respected urban climatologists in the world. I look forward to using it for my applied climatology in the urban environment class at the University of Georgia.' Marshall Shepherd, University of Georgia and former President of the American Meteorological Society'Urban Climates is a must-read for students and scientists. From climatology to urban planning, it is very clear and complete, from concepts and processes to practical implementation and adaptation of cities to climate. It is illustrated with explicative diagrams of exceptional quality and many examples of this 'collection of microclimates' in various cities. Beyond the clear and rigorous overview of the physics of the urban atmosphere, Urban Climates offers a fantastic travel through the history of climate in cities around the world, from preindustrial cities and before to modern high-rise megacities.' Valéry Masson, Météo-France and Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Introduction; 2. Concepts; 3. Methods; 4. Airflow; 5. Radiation; 6. Energy balance; 7. Urban heat island; 8. Water; 9. Atmospheric moisture; 10. Clouds and precipitation; 11. Air pollution; 12. Geographical controls; 13. Cities and global climate change; 14. Climates of humans; 15. Climate-sensitive design; Epilogue; Appendix 1. History of urban climatology; Appendix 2. Site codes and data sources; Appendix 3. Glossary and acronyms; References; Subject index; Geographical Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a detailed analysis of processes affecting fluvial discharge of water, sediment and dissolved solids to the ocean, covering 1534 rivers, with full quantitative data also available online. A key resource for researchers, professionals and graduate students in hydrology, oceanography, geomorphology and environmental policy. Now available in paperback with corrections.Trade Review'For university libraries and many research institutions dealing with global and regional change, this reference work is indispensable … The authors who must have put an incredible amount of time and dedication into this work deserve great respect and thanks.' Jörg Matschullat, Environmental Earth Sciences'This book is engaging. The writing style is clear, direct and informal, and the authors … take the 'global' in the title seriously - the examples are nicely balanced around the world … Anyone interested in continental- to global-scale particle and dissolved fluxes from the continents to the world ocean will benefit from having this material close at hand.' Chris Paola, OceanographyTable of ContentsForeword; 1. Introduction; 2. Runoff, erosion and delivery to the coastal ocean; 3. Temporal variations; 4. Human impacts; Appendices. Global River Database: Appendix A: North and Central America; Appendix B: South America; Appendix C: Europe; Appendix D: Africa; Appendix E: Eurasia; Appendix F: Asia; Appendix G: Oceania; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisRecent studies indicate that - due to climate change - the Earth is undergoing rapid changes in all cryospheric components, including polar sea ice shrinkage, mountain glacier recession, thawing permafrost, and diminishing snow cover. This book provides a comprehensive summary of all components of the Earth''s cryosphere, reviewing their history, physical and chemical characteristics, geographical distributions, and projected future states. This new edition has been completely updated throughout, and provides state-of-the-art data from GlobSnow-2 CRYOSAT, ICESAT, and GRACE. It includes a comprehensive summary of cryospheric changes in land ice, permafrost, freshwater ice, sea ice, and ice sheets. It discusses the models developed to understand cryosphere processes and predict future changes, including those based on remote sensing, field campaigns, and long-term ground observations. Boasting an extensive bibliography, over 120 figures, and end-of-chapter review questions, it is an ideaTable of ContentsPreface; Acknowledgements; 1. Introduction; Part I. The Terrestrial Cryosphere: 2A. Snowfall and Snow Cover; 2B. Avalanches; 3. Glaciers and Ice Caps; 4. Ice Sheets; 5. Frozen Ground and Permafrost; 6. Freshwater Ice: Lakes, Rivers and Icings; Part II. The Marine Cryosphere: 7. Sea Ice; 8. Ice Shelves and Icebergs; Part III. The Cryosphere Past and Future: 9. The Cryosphere in the Past; 10. The Future Cryosphere – Impacts of Global Warming; Part IV. Applications: 11. Applications of Snow and Ice Research; Glossary; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisA digital elevation model (DEM) is a digital representation of ground surface topography or terrain. It is also widely known as a digital terrain model (DTM). A DEM can be represented as a raster (a grid of squares) or as a vector based triangular irregular network (TIN). DEMs are commonly built using remote sensing techniques, but they may also be built from land surveying. DEMs are used often in geographic information systems, and are the most common basis for digitally-produced relief maps. The terrain surface can be described as compromising of two different elements; random and systematic. The random (stochastic) elements are the continuous surfaces with continuously varying relief. It would take an endless number of points to describe exactly the random terrain shapes, but these can be described in practice with a network of point. It is usual to use a network that creates sloping triangles or regular quadrants. This book examines how the methods and data sources used to generTable of ContentsList of Figures x List of Tables xiv Preface xvi Abbreviations xviii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Role of DEMS 3 1.2 Role of Scale 6 1.3 Survey of Applications 12 1.4 Study Site and Software Tools 16 1.5 Structure of Book 20 2 Constructing Digital Elevation Models 23 2.1 Elevation Data Networks 23 2.2 Elevation Data Sources 29 2.2.1 Ground Surveys 31 2.2.2 Kinematic GPS Surveys 32 2.2.3 Topographic Maps 33 2.2.4 Photogrammetry Datasets 35 2.2.5 Airborne Laser Scanning Datasets 36 2.2.6 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar Datasets 37 2.2.7 Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission DEMs 38 2.2.8 Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflectance Radiometer DEMs 40 2.2.9 WorldDEM Datasets 43 2.3 Fitness]For]Use 43 2.4 Data Preprocessing and DEM Construction 44 2.5 US National Elevation Dataset 50 3 Calculating Land Surface Parameters 53 3.1 Primary Land Surface Parameters 54 3.1.1 Elevation and Surface Area 54 3.1.2 Slope, Aspect, and Curvature 59 3.1.3 Slope Direction and Width 69 3.1.4 Flow Accumulation 100 3.1.5 Elevation Residuals 105 3.1.6 Statistical Parameters 109 3.1.7 Upslope Parameters 113 3.1.8 Downslope Parameters 114 3.1.9 Visibility and Visual Exposure 114 3.2 Secondary Land Surface Parameters 115 3.2.1 Water Flow and Soil Redistribution 116 3.2.2 Energy and Thermal Regimes 135 3.3 Final Comments 148 4 Delineating Land Surface Objects and Landforms 150 4.1 Extracting and Classifying Specific Landform Elements 152 4.1.1 Fuzzy Concepts and Fuzzy Classification Methods 154 4.2 Extraction and Classification of Land Surface Objects Based on Flow Variables 158 4.2.1 Drainage Networks and Channel Attributes 159 4.2.2 Basin Boundaries and Attributes 164 4.3 Extracting and Classifying Specific (Fuzzy) Landforms 165 4.4 Extracting and Classifying Repeating Landform Types 168 4.5 Discrete Geomorphometry: Coupling Multiscale Pattern Analysis and Object Delineation 174 5 Measuring Error and Uncertainty 179 5.1 Identification and Treatment of Error and Uncertainty 180 5.1.1 Error 182 5.1.2 Uncertainty 194 5.2 Fitness]for]Use Revisited 199 5.2.1 Predictive Vegetation Modeling 199 5.2.2 Modeling Soil Erosion and Deposition 203 5.2.3 Numerical Simulations of Landscape Development 205 5.2.4 Modeling Soil–Water–Vegetation Interactions 207 5.2.5 Modeling Global Wetlands 209 5.3 Multiscale Analysis and Cross]scale Inference 214 5.4 The US National Water Model 223 6 Terrain Modeling Software and Services 228 6.1 Changes in Data Capture and Computing Systems 230 6.2 Esri’s ArcGIS Ecosystem 234 6.3 Third]party Esri Add]ons 244 6.3.1 ArcGIS Geomorphometry Toolbox 244 6.3.2 ArcGIS Geomorphometry and Gradient Metrics Toolbox 245 6.3.3 ArcGeomorphometry Toolbox 246 6.4 Other Software Choices 248 6.4.1 GRASS 248 6.4.2 ILWIS 250 6.4.3 LandSerf 251 6.4.4 MicroDEM 252 6.4.5 QGIS 253 6.4.6 RiverTools 254 6.4.7 SAGA 255 6.4.8 TauDEM 257 6.4.9 Whitebox GAT 258 6.5 Future Trends 259 7 Conclusions 261 7.1 Current State of the Art 263 7.2 Future Needs and Opportunities 269 7.2.1 Finding Ways to Use Provenance, Credibility, and Digital Terrain Modeling Application context Knowledge 269 7.2.2 Rediscovering and Using What We Already Know! 270 7.2.3 Developing New Digital Terrain Methods 272 7.2.4 Clarifying and Strengthening the Role of Theory 274 7.2.5 Developing High]fidelity, Multi]resolution Digital Elevation Models 275 7.2.6 Developing and Embracing New Visualization Opportunities 275 7.2.7 Adopting and Using New Information Technologies and Workflows 276 7.2.8 Solving “Wicked” Problems of Varying Magnitudes 277 7.3 Call To Action 278 References 279 Index 333

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Book SynopsisThe only book that offers a comprehensive and fully up-to-date coverage of hydroacoustic ocean exploration, this work deals with the diagnostics of non-uniformities in a water medium using the hydroacoustic parametric antenna. The non-uniformities of the water medium in the study are of geometrically regular shape, i.e., the shape of a sphere, a cylinder, and a spheroid. An account is given of theoretical and experimental studies of wave processes that occur in the event of the scattering of non-linearly interacting acoustic waves at a sphere, a cylinder, and a spheroid. Scattering problems are formulated; solutions to the inhomogeneous wave equation are found in the first and second approximations using the successive approximations method. For the first time, high-frequency asymptotic expressions of acoustic pressure for all spectral components of the secondary field are obtained for the nonlinear scattering problem. The scattering diagrams are calculated and plotted, and tTable of ContentsIntroduction 1 1 Scattering of Nonlinear Interacting Plane Acoustic Waves by a Sphere 7 1.1 Review of Studies Dealing with the Scattering of Plane Acoustic Waves by a Sphere 7 1.2 Problem Statement 10 1.3 Solving via the Inhomogeneous Equation with the Successive Approximations Method 13 1.4 Investigation of Acoustic Field of Difference Frequency 16 1.5 Investigation of Acoustical Field of the Sum Frequency Wave 34 1.6 Investigation of Acoustical Field of the Second Harmonics 36 1.7 Experimental Investigation Scattering of the Field of Acoustic Parametric Antenna by a Hard Sphere 48 1.7.1 Experimental Setup and Metrological Support for the Experiment 48 1.7.2 Results of the Experiments 52 1.7.3 Analysis of Combined Scattering Diagrams of the Nonlinear Interacting Plane Acoustic Waves by a Hard Sphere 61 1.8 A Comparative Analysis of Assumption and Experimental Scattering Diagrams for Secondary Field Waves 65 1.9 Conclusion 68 2 Scattering of Nonlinear Interacting Plane Acoustic Waves by a Cylinder 71 2.1 Review of Plane Acoustic Waves Scattering by a Cylinder 71 2.2 Statement of Problem 75 2.3 Investigation of Acoustic Field of Difference Frequency 79 2.4 Investigation of Acoustic Field of Sum Frequency 93 2.5 Investigation of Acoustic Field of the Second Harmonic 96 2.6 Discussion and Comparison of Results 108 2.7 Conclusion 113 3 Research of the Scattering of Nonlinear Interacting Plane Acoustic Waves by an Elongated Spheroid 115 3.1 Review of Plane Acoustic Waves Scattering by an Elongated Spheroid 115 3.2 Wave problems in Elongated Spheroidal Coordinates 118 3.3 Statement of Problem 120 3.4 Investigation of the Acoustic Field of Difference Frequency Wave 124 3.5 Investigation of the Acoustic Field of Sum Frequency 142 3.6 Investigation of the Acoustic Field of Second Harmonics 148 3.7 Discussion and Comparison of Results 160 3.8 Conclusion 164 References 165 Index 173

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Book SynopsisHidden between the ice and snow of Antarctica is a world unlike any other. In this closely observed account, leading marine ecologist James McClintock gives us an unprecedented look at the ravages of the polar environment. This is a highly original and distinctive look at a mysterious world before it disappears forever.Trade Review"McClintock offers a vivid portrait."-The Washington Post 'A veteran of the extreme south, McClintock shares the otherworldly wonders unveiled by decades of research. The book is packed with joys.'-Nature 'A close look at the life of a scientist in a strange wilderness for months at a time, and a revelatory exploration of the region's unique wildlife... McClintock is a determined, evenhanded guide.'-Smithsonian magazine 'A richly informative memoir from a veteran scientist who has devoted his career to Antarctica ... Entertaining natural history.'-Kirkus Reviews "With rare clarity, humor, high adventure and deep, sobering insight, gifted scientist-explorer-writer James McClintock shares decades of experience on, around and under the wildest ocean on Earth. Every person alive should read- and heed- this riveting account of the swift changes now sweeping Antarctica - and the world. If Indiana Jones were a marine biologist, he would aspire to be James McClintock." - Sylvia Earle, National Geographic Explorer-in-Residence and founder of Deep Search 'James B. McClintock's Lost Antarctica is a disturbing distress signal about the traumas and strains of the South Pole in the Age of Global Warming. McClintock is a marvelous writer with a keen eye for the natural world. His knowledge of polar science is exemplary. Highly recommended!'-Douglas Brinkley author of The Quiet World and The Wilderness Warrior "Lost Antarctica is a very original, readable, and authoritative introduction to a little known part of Earth's natural environment, and has increasing threat to its existence."- Edward O. Wilson "Lost Antarctica is an intimate tour of a rapidly changing continent, led by one of the scientists who knows it best. James McClintock has written an important and timely book"- Elizabeth Kolbert "James McClintock shares his deep love of Antarctica vividly in this colorful narrative. He issues a stark warning about the catastrophe facing this remarkable place - and our globe - from the twin dangers of climate change and ocean acidification. Lost Antarctica reminds us of the urgency of finding new energy systems that do not use our atmosphere or oceans as a waste dump." - Bill Gates "Jim McClintock takes us with him on an extraordinary field trip to Antarctica, the frigid part of the Garden of Eden. With superb descriptions of the ice and biosphere of the great white continent, he carefully documents how climate change is having a big impact on the penguins, seals and other sea creatures that inhabit the polar waters." - Henry Pollack, Ph.D., author of A World without IceTable of ContentsJourneys South It is All About the Ice Life Adrift: The Small Organisms Matter Antarctic Seafloor: An Oasis in the Desert Polar Acid Seas The March of the King Crabs Ghost Rookeries: The Decline of the Adelie Penguin Closing the Gap: Antarctica as a Global Solution

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Book SynopsisThe book Maintenance Engineering and Management deals with the management principles and practices that govern the maintenance function apart from the engineering techniques. It gives the maintenance engineer the latest developments in maintenance engineering techniques like wear debris analysis, preventive maintenance and condition monitoring as well as management concepts like reliability based maintenance, logical fault location and lean maintenance.Table of ContentsIntroduction. Principles of Maintenance Planning. Categories of Maintenance. Reliability and Machine Availability. Preventive Maintenance. Condition Monitoring. Logical Fault Location. Wear Debris Analysis. Reliability Based Maintenance. Lubrication. Cutting Fluids. Maintenance Costs. Failure Modes and Effects Analysis. Lean Maintenance. Spare Part Inventory Control. Scientific Inventory Management. Total Productive Maintenance. System Approach to Management Theory. Organisation for Maintenance. Equipment Record. Work Order Systems. Computerized Maintenance Management System. Replacement of Machinery and Equipment. Environmental Issues. Industrial Safety. Job Hazard Analysis.

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Book SynopsisA key aspect of town planning, landscape planning and landscape architecture is to identify and then use the distinctive features and characteristics of space, place and landscape to achieve environmental quality. Landscape Analysis provides an introduction to the field both in theory and in practice. A wide range of methods and techniques for landscape analysis is illustrated by urban and rural examples from many countries. Analysing landscapes within a planning context requires both skill and insights. Drawing upon numerous concrete examples, together with an examination of some theoretical concepts, this book guides the reader through a wide range of different approaches and techniques of landscape analysis that may be applied at different scales, from elementary site analysis to historical and regional studies. This is an essential book for students and graduate practitioners working in landscape architecture, planning and architecture.Table of Contents1. Landscape Change and the Need for Analysis, 2. Framing Analysis: Values, Experts, and Citizens, 3. Analysis of Natural Factors, Biophysical Attributes and Land Use, 4. Historical Analysis, 5. Spatial Analysis, 6. Regionalisation and Landscape Character Assessment, 7. Site Selection and Landscape Potential, 8. Impact Assessment and Futures Analysis, 9. Landscape Analysis in Research and Practice

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Book SynopsisWhat causes Ice Ages? How did we learn about them? What were their affects on the social history of humanity? Allan Mazur''s book tells the appealing history of the scientific ''discovery'' of Ice Ages. How we learned that much of the Earth was repeatedly covered by huge ice sheets, why that occurred, and how the waning of the last Ice Age paved the way for agrarian civilization and, ultimately, our present social structures. The book discusses implications for the current ''controversies'' over anthropogenic climate change, public understanding of science, and (lack of) ''trust in experts''. In parallel to the history and science of Ice Ages, sociologist Mazur highlights why this is especially relevant right now for humanity. Ice Ages: Their Social and Natural History is an engrossing combination of natural science and social history: glaciology and sociology writ large.Trade Review'Allan Mazur takes us on a fascinating journey through two million years of Earth history and human history, linking the two through a lucid description of the great Ice Age fluctuations in climate. This is a book for all readers interested in our shared human career, and in how the dynamic surface of the Earth has influenced that career through the ages.' Peter Bellwood, Australian National University'Allan Mazur gives us a masterful exemplar of the history of science. He shows specialists from several disciplines and nonspecialists with just a modicum of science how diverse paths of inquiry over recent human history have revealed the details of prehistory going far back into geological time. He shows us how more detail is known than might have been imagined when the scientific work began in the 18th century. Not since Simon Winchester's Krakatoa has the science of geology been so absorbing! More importantly, Mazur shows both how ice ages – large and small, long and short – and their endings have changed human history, and how our short-sightedness about their causes and effects is going to change future human history, for the worse … unless the right people learn the lessons of this book.' Alex Rosenberg, Duke University'Living on a warming planet, we struggle to imagine that it was periodically covered by vast sheets of ice. Allan Mazur, a master of calm, companionable, and often humorous prose, guides us through the various efforts humans - plucky survivors of the Pleistocene - have made to understand the Earth as well as their transformative and, it now turns out, damaging presence on it. An impressive synthetic effort, blending science and cultural history, Mazur's excellent Ice Ages gives us the tools necessary to participate knowledgeably in debates about climate disruption.''… this captivating and accessible read provides substantial detail about Earth's recent geologic past and its inhabitants, past and present. … Highly recommended.' Christoph Irmscher, Indiana University; author of Louis Agassiz: Creator of American Science'This absolutely fascinating book weaves together the complicated strands of human endeavor that led to the great scientific discovery of ice ages on Earth. It should be read by everyone interested in the current pressing problem of global climate change, both natural and human induced.' George Denton, University of Maine'… this captivating and accessible read provides substantial detail about Earth's recent geologic past and its inhabitants, past and present … Highly recommended.' C. A. McRoberts, ChoiceTable of Contents1. In the Beginning; 2. 'Bursting the Limits of Time'; 3. Darwin's Revolution; 4. Discovering an Age of Ice; 5. Why Does Climate Change? Orbits; 6. Dating Ice Age Climates; 7. Why Does Climate Change? Carbon Dioxide; 8. Why Does Climate Change? Continental Drift and Ocean Currents; 9. Ecce Homo; 10. How Did Extinct Hominins Behave?; 11. Life in the Paleolithic; 12. Extinction of Ice Age Mammals in Near Time; 13. The Agrarian Transformation; 14. Rise of Civilizations; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisThe second edition of Bruce Gervais' Living Physical Geography offers a fresh approach to the study of physical geography, combining print and digital media to create a scientifically substantive work that is written for students. Living Physical Geography focuses on human-physical geography interactions, using pedagogical features in the textbook.Each of the four major parts in Living Physical Geography focuses on energy flows within Earth's physical systems. Additionally, landscape analysis underpins the body of the text. Step-by-step examples are used to illustrate how landforms and systems develop, evolve, and change through time.  The new edition of Living Physical Geography  is now supported in Achieve, Macmillan's new online learning platform. Achieve is the culmination of years of development work put toward creating the most powerful online learning tool for Geography students. It houses all of

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Book SynopsisThis thoroughly updated second edition is a student-friendly and supportive resource, including new graphs and maps and updated geographical data. It motivates students with accessible, topical content and case studies while retaining a rigorous approach. This Student Book has been approved by AQA. The Student Book has been revised to more closely reflect the latest AQA advice and exam question wording. It has also been carefully updated to help you embed diversity and inclusion in your teaching. It provides comprehensive coverage of the 2016 AQA Geography A Level & AS specification and includes activities and extension tasks in every unit, as well as end-of-chapter practice questions, to help students succeed. Up-to-date case studies provide real-world examples that your students can relate to, while the fieldwork chapter explains and develops the skills required by the specification. High-quality photos, maps, and diagrams aid explanations and engage students.A Student Book covering

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Book SynopsisThis comprehensive, one-volume encyclopedia covers the sedimentological aspects of sediments and sedimentary rocks. It features more than 250 entries by some 180 eminent contributors from all over the world, excellent indices, cross references, and extensive bibliographies. Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: "…Like all other volumes in the "Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series," this is sure to be a classic, essential for earth science reference collections. Summing Up: Essential. Upper-division undergraduates and higher."(M. L. Larsgaard, Choice, January 2004) "Primarily for advanced undergraduates, this Encyclopedia does provide comprehensive, in-depth treatment of the processes that form sedimentary rocks. It will prove invaluable to both students of geology and professionals"(Helen Ashton, Science and Technology, Vol. 18, no 2, 2004) "This massive tome is part of the series Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences … . Most articles also give copious bibliographic references to both general texts and research articles and there is an index of authors cited, which is very useful. The illustrations are … with some good diagrams and reasonable photographs. … Primarily for advanced undergraduates, this Encyclopedia does provide comprehensive, in-depth treatment of the processes that form sedimentary rocks. It will prove invaluable to both students of geology and professionals." (Reference Reviews, Vol. 18 (2), 2004)Table of ContentsList of Contributors. Preface. Guide to the Reader. Algal and Bacterial Carbonate Sediments; R. Riding. Allophane and Imogolite; R.L. Parfitt. Alluvial Fan; A.M. Harvey. Anabranching Rivers; G.C. Nanson, M.R. Gibling. Ancient Karst; B. Jones. Angle of Repose; P.D. Komar. Anhydrite and Gypsum; L. Hardie. Ankerite; J.P. Hendry. Armor; R. Ferguson. Atterberg Limits; M.J. Bovis. Attrition (abrasion), Fluvial; M. Church. Attrition (Abrasion), Marine; H. Ibbeken. Authigenesis; J.R. Boles. Autosuspension; H. Pantin. Avalanch and Rock Fall; M.J. Bovis. Avulsion; N.D. Smith. Bacteria in Sediments; N. Noffke. Ball-and-Pillow Structure; G. Owen. Bar, Littoral; B. Greenwood. Barrier Islands; D.M. Fitzgerald, I.V. Buynevich. Bauxite; R. Frost. Beachrock; E. Gischler. Bedding and Internal Structures; F. Ricci-Lucchi, A. Amorosi. Bedset and Laminaset; J.S. Bridge. Bentonite and Tonstein; D.A. Spears. Berthierine; F.J. Longstaffe. Bioclasts; P. Enos. Bioerosion; M. Bertling. Biogenic Sedimentary Structures; G.S. Pemberton. Black Shales; J. Schieber. Braided Channels; P. Ashmore. Caliche (Calcrete); V.P. Wright. Calcite Compensation Depth; S. Wise. Carbonate Diagenesis and Microfabrics; R.G.C. Bathurst. Carbonate Mineraloty and Geochemistry; F.T. Mackenzie. Carbonate Mud Mounds; F.-A. Bourque. Cathodoluminescence; S. Burley. Cation Exchange; B. Singh. Cave Sediments; B. Jones. Cements and Cementation; P.A. Scholle. Chalk; I. Fabricius. Charcoal in Sediments; A.C. Schott. Chlorite in Sediments; S. Hillier. Classification of Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks; G.M. Friedman. Clastic (Neptunian) Dykes and Sills; A. Demoulin. Clathrates; M. Kastner. Clay Minerals; S. Hillier. Climatic Control of Sedimentation; G.M. Mack. Coal Balls; A.C. Scott. Coal; P. McCabe. Coastal Sedimentary Facies; H.E. Clifton. Colloidal Properties of Sediments; S.Chattopadhyay, D. Chattopadhyay. Color of Sedimentary Rocks; P. Myrow. Compaction (Cosolidation); K. Bjørlykke. Convolute Stratification; G.V. Middleton. Core, Coring Methods; A.H. Bouma. Cross-Stratification; D. Rubin. Cyclic Sedimentation; R.K. Goldhammer. Debris Flow; J. Major. Dedolomitization; M. Coniglio. Deformation of Sediments; J. Collinson. Deformation Structures and Growth Faults; J. Collinson. Deltas and Estuaries; J. Bhattacharya. Depositional Fabric of Mudrocks; J. Schieber. Desert Sedimentary Environments; J.P. Smoot. Dessication Structures; G. Tanner. Diagenesis; K.L. Milliken. Diagenetic Structures; P. Mozley. Diffusion, Chemical; B.P. Boudreau. Diffusion of Sediment; A.J. Hogg. Dish Structure; Z. Sylvester, D.R. Lowe. Dolomite Textures; D. Sibley. Dolomites and Dolomitization; H.G. Machel. Dune, Eolian; N. Lancaster. Earth Flows; R. Baum. Encrinite; W.I. Ausich. Eolian Transport and Deposition; C. McKenna-Neuman. Erosion and Sediment Yield; R. Stallard. Evaporites; L. Hardie, T.K. Lowenstein. Extraterrestrial Material in Sediments; C. Koeberl. Fabric, Porosity, and Permeability; G.V. Middleton. Facies Models; H.G. Reading. Fan Delta; G. Postma. Features indicating Impact and Shock Metamorphism; W.U. Reinhold. Feldspars in Sediments; S. Morad. Flame Structure; G.V. Middleton. Flaser; B.W. Flemming. Flocculation; M. Pejrup. Floodplain Sediments; A. Aslan. Floods and Other Catastrophic Events; V.R. Baker. Flow Resistance; R. Millar. Fluid Escape Structures; Z. Sylvester, D.R. Lowe. Fluid Inclusions; R.H. Goldstein. Flume; B. Gomez. Forensic Sedimentology; R.C. Murray. Gases in Sediments; C. Clayton. Geodes; K. Milliken. Geophysical Properties of Sediments; A.L. Endres. Geothermic Properties of Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks; D.F. Merriam. Glacial Sediments: Processes, Environments and Facies; M.J. Hambrey, N.L. Glasser. Glaucony and Verdine; A. Amorosi. Grading, Graded Bedding; R. Hiscott. 150 additional Chapters.

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Book SynopsisTHE ENTHRALLING INSIDE STORY OF THE THAI CAVE RESCUE FROM THE MAN AT THE HEART OF THE MISSION, AS SEEN IN THE SUNDAY TIMES''The British divers are all heroes'' Clive Cussler''A case study in courage'' Ron Howard, Oscar-winning director of Apollo 13________Thailand, July 2018. Twelve boys and their football coach vanish into Tham Luang caves just as the monsoon rains hit. A mile from the surface they are trapped by rising flood waters. All attempts to reach them fail. As hope for their survival fades a retired British firefighter tinkering with homemade cave-diving kit gets a call. Rick Stanton and his dive partner race to the other side of the world. The boys have been missing for days. Each hour, their chance of escape shrinks. Rick must swim, crawl and squeeze through treacherously tight submerged tunnels hunting for them. But that is not the impossible part.Trade ReviewDiver Rick Stanton relives the rescue of the century * Sunday Times *As the world held its breath, the men and their team achieved the impossible. This is their riveting, behind-the-scenes story. Captivating * Sunday Post *You probably won't read a better-written book about diving this year . . . Funny and relentlessly self-deprecating. I read this at two sittings * Diver Magazine *

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Book SynopsisDiscover the existential threats facing 50 unique places across the globe and the possible solutions that may save them from vanishing forever.Learn more about endangered places across all seven continents, from natural wonders like the rainforests of Borneo and the Great Barrier Reef to cultural icons like the Giza pyramids and New York City.Begin by understanding the background of each place, including key characteristics, history, and ecological or cultural significance, before going on to explore the problems that threaten the site. From rising sea levels and droughts to unchecked tourism, war, and civil unrest and in many cases a combination of factors readers will understand the complex and nuanced challenges facing these places. Each profile also includes a section on possible solutions. In some cases, these measures and programs are already being implemented, while in others individuals and governments will need to act quickly before it's too late. C

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Book SynopsisUsing the latest mapping techniques, J.A.A. Jones, Chair of the IGU Commission for Water Sustainability, examines water availability, the impact of climate change and the problems created for water management worldwide as well as possible solutions.Water Sustainability: A Global Perspective is one of the first textbook to meld the physical and human aspects affecting the world''s water resources. Part One outlines the challenges and investigates the human factors: population growth; urbanization and pollution; the commercialization of water, including globalization and privatization; and the impacts of war, terrorism and the credit crunch. Part Two examines the physical aspects: the restless water cycle, the impact of past and future climate change and the problems change and unreliability create for water management. Part Three discusses current and future solutions including improved efficiency and water treatment systems, desalinatiTrade Review"This book will represent a valuable contribution to the academic literature and will be invaluable to many an undergraduate student addressing these key concepts and themes" – Beverley Todd, Circulation "This excellent book will be an indispensable resource for students of water resources and its related disciplines. Chapters conclude with possible discussion topics, and as well as being extensively indexed and referenced throughout, the reader is directed to further academic and popular texts as well as webbased resources." – Hywel Griffiths, Aberystwyth University, AreaTable of Contents1. A looming crisis Part I Status and challenges 2. Rising demand and dwindling per capita resources 3. Water and poverty 4. Governance and finance 5. Pollution and water-related disease 6. Water, land and wildlife 7. Dams and diversions 8. Trading water - real and virtual 9. Water, war and terrorism 10. The threat of global warming Part II Nature's resources 11. The restless water cycle 12. Shrinking freshwater stores Part III Towards sustainability 13. Cutting demand 14. Increasing supplies 15. Cleaning up and protecting the aquatic environment 16. Using seawater 17. Controlling the weather 18. Improved monitoring and data management 19. Improving prediction and risk assessment 20. Improving management and justice 21. Aid for the developing world Conclusions 22. Is sustainability achievable?

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Book SynopsisThe world''s coastlines represent a myriad of dynamic and constantly changing environments. Heavily settled and intensely used areas, they are of enormous importance to humans and understanding how they are shaped and change is crucial to our future.Introduction to Coastal Processes and Geomorphologybegins by discussing coastal systems and shows how these systems link to the processes examined in detail throughout the book. These include the morphodynamic paradigm, tides, waves and sediment transport. Later chapters explore fluvial deltas, estuaries, beaches and barriers, coastal sand dunes and geologically-influenced coasts such as cliffs, coral reefs and atolls. A new chapter addresses the forward-facing aspect of coastal morphodynamics, including the ways in which coasts respond to rapid climate changes such as present day global warming. Also new to this second edition is a chapter on future coasts which considers the wider effects of coastal change on other importaTable of Contents1. Coastal systems2. Sea level3. Tides4. Waves5. Sediments, boundary layers and transport6. Fluvial-dominated coastal environments - deltas7. Tide-dominated coastal environments - Estuaries8. Wave-dominated coastal environments - beaches and barriers9. Coastal sand dunes10. Geologically-controlled coastal environments - rocky shorelines and coral coasts11. Coasts and climate change12. Future coasts

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Book SynopsisDunes is the first book in over a decade to incorporate the latest research in this active and fast-developing field. It discusses the shapes, sizes, patterns, distribution, history and care of wind-blown dunes, and covers all aspects of dunes, terrestrial and in the Solar System. The only book to cover all dunes, terrestrial and in the Solar System, in deserts, on coasts, and in the past Represents the most current update on the research of dunes for over a decade Incorporates the latest research to come out of China where the field is most rapidly expanding Discusses the most recent range of skills and technology now focused on the study of dunes Brings up-to-date a rapidly expanding field Trade Review “This is a terrific read for both specialists and nonspecialists. Summing Up: Highly recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through professionals/practitioners.” (Choice, 1 February 2014)Table of ContentsList of Figures xi Acknowledgements xv Introduction 1 Part One <10 m2; <10 years 5 1 Wind and Sand 7 Wind versus Bed 7 The Law of the Wall 8 Improving the wind/bed model 9 Lift-Off 12 Holding down by gravity 12 Holding down by cohesion 12 Raising by lift 13 Raising by drag 13 Raising by bombardment 14 Thresholds 14 Grain size 16 The slope of the bed 17 The dynamics of water content 17 Crusts 19 Pellets 20 Sand in Motion 20 Saltation 20 Streamers and other medium-scale patterns of saltating sand 22Reptation 22 Creep 23 Other near-surface activity 23 Suspension 24 The vertical distribution of load and grain size 24 The saturation length 24 The fetch effect 26 The response of a loose bed to erosion by the wind 27 The Transport Rate 27 Shapes, densities and mixtures of size 29 Hard surfaces 30 Rough surfaces 30 Moisture, temperature and humidity 31 Rain 31 References 31 2 Ripples 32 Subtypes 35 Models 36 Flow response 36 Gravity wave 36 Saltation length 37 Shadow zone 37 Mathematical 37 Pattern 38 3 The Form and Behaviour of Free Dunes 39 Definitions 39 Early Stages 39 Start 39 Minimum size 40 The Profile of a Fully Grown Dune 41 Toe 41 Windward slope (or ‘stoss slope’) 43 Crest 45 Lee slope 46 Movement 53 Turnover time, bulk transport 56 Size 56 Flow-hierarchy models 57 Grain-size models 57 The time/supply model 58 References 58 Part Two 1000 to 10,000 m2; 100 to 1000 years 59 4 Pattern in Free Dunes 61 Definitions 61 Wind-Directional Regimes 62 Global winds 62 Local wind systems 62 The Classification of Wind-Directional Regimes 65 Wind-Directional Regimes and Dune Pattern 66 Transverse Dunes 66 Two-dimensional pattern: vertical and downwind 67 Two-dimensional pattern: horizontal and transverse to the wind 68 Self-organisation 69 Barchans 71 Quasi-transverse patterns 75 Linear Dunes 80 Introduction 80 Models of formation 82 Sand Sheets 88 Dunes with Distinctive Sand 90 Gravel dunes 90 Zibars 91 Clay dunes 92 Lunettes 92 Gypsum dunes 93 Diatomite sands 93 Volcanic sands 93 Snow and ice dunes 94 Niveo-aeolian deposits 94 References 94 5 Forced Dunes 96 Dunes Built around Bluff Obstacles 96 Climbing and echo dunes 96 Flanking and lee dunes 97 Cliff-top and falling dunes 99 Dunes on Gently Sloping Terrain 99 Reference 99 6 Dunes and Plants 100 Wind, Sand and Plants 100 Rigid objects 100 Spatial pattern 101 Porosity 102 Flexibility 102 Plants as living things 103 The broader time/space framework 104 Dunes among Plants 104 Nebkhas 104 Blowouts 107 Parabolic dunes 109 References 111 7 Coastal Dunes 112 Coastal Dunes and Climate 112 The Beach–Dune System 114 Exclusively Coastal Dunes 117 Embryo dunes 117 Fore-dunes (‘frontal dunes’ or ‘retention ridges’) 118 Tsunamis 120 Coastal sand sheets 120 References 121 Part Three >0.3 mm; <2,200,000,000 years 123 8 Sand Seas 125 Terms 125 Large Sand Seas 127 Growth and Development 127 Sand Seas in Tectonic Basins 129 Topographically Unconfined Sand Seas 131 Transfer between Sand Seas 133 9 A History of Dune Sand 134 Provenance 134 Recycling 137 Maturation 139 Mineralogy 139 Size characteristics 141 Shape and surface texture 141 Redness 144 Relationships between Dune Fields and the Sources of Their Sand 145 Source-bordering dune fields 145 Dune fields that have migrated away from their source 145 Sand seas that have taken sand from many local sources 146 The Australian sand seas and some aeolian sandstones 146 References 146 10 A History of Inland Dunes 147 Very Ancient Dunes: Siliceous Windblown Sandstones 147 The Emergence of Familiar Spatial and Dynamic Patterns 151 Dune Historiography 153 Dating 153 Dune-building environments 156 The long-term development of sand seas: sediment state 160 Quaternary Dune-Building Climates 160 Dunes in the Early- and Mid-Pleistocene 162 Late Pleistocene Dunes 163 The main theatres of dune formation in the Late Pleistocene 165 Dunes in the Holocene 175 The deglaciated North 176 The mid-latitudes 177 The semi-arid tropics 178 The present deserts 178 References 179 11 A History of Coastal Dunes 181 Long Sequences 181 Sea Level 181 Other Controls 182 Calcareous Aeolianite 184 Reference 185 12 Mars, Venus, Titan 186 Similarities 186 Differences 187 Sand 188 Ripples and Transverse Aeolian Ridges 190 Dunes 191 Mars 191 Venus 194 Titan 194 Reference 195 Part Four Care 197 13 Local, Short-Term Care (<1000 m2; <10 years) 199 Dunes in Deserts 199 Folk science 199 New approaches 200 Stabilised Dunes in Semi-Arid Areas 204 Coastal Dunes 204 References 207 14 Sustainability (>100,000 m2; >10 years) 208 Constraints 208 Complexity 208 Uncertainty 210 Environmental change 210 Sustainability 211 Coastal dunes 211 Stabilised inland dunes 212 References 213 Index 214

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