Physical chemistry Books
Pan Stanford Publishing Pte Ltd Many-Body Effects and Electrostatics in
Book SynopsisAs computational hardware continues to develop at a rapid pace, quantitative computations are playing an increasingly essential role in the study of biomolecular systems. One of the most important challenges that the field faces is to develop the next generation of computational models that strike the proper balance of computational efficiency and accuracy, so that the problems of increasing complexity can be tackled in a systematic and physically robust manner. In particular, properly treating intermolecular interactions is fundamentally important for the reliability of all computational models. In this book, contributions by leading experts in the area of biomolecular simulations discuss cutting-edge ideas regarding effective strategies to describe many-body effects and electrostatics at quantum, classical, and coarse-grained levels. The goal of the book is to not only provide an up-to-date snapshot of the current simulation field but also stimulate exchange of ideas across different sub-fields of modern computational (bio)chemistry. The text will be a useful reference for the biomolecular simulation community and help attract talented young students into this exciting frontier of research.Trade Review"This book is a state-of-the-art report on the description of molecular energetics using force fields, which are the most critical element in computer simulations of biomolecular systems. The 16 chapters, written by leaders in the field, provide in-depth reports on all important current issues, including the representation of polarization, quantum mechanics-based force fields, and coarse-grained approaches for RNA, DNA, and membranes. This is an important reference for anyone involved in computational studies in chemistry and biology, especially those who want a deeper understanding of the underlying representations of intra- and intermolecular energetics."—Prof. William L. Jorgensen, Yale University, USATable of ContentsQM and QM/MM Methods. Polarizable continuum models for (bio)molecular electrostatics: Basic theory and recent developments for macromolecules and simulations. A modified divide-and-conquer linear-scaling quantum force field with multipolar charge densities. Explicit polarization theory. Effective fragment potential method. Quantum mechanical methods for quantifying and analyzing non-covalent interactions and for force-field development. Force field development with density-based energy decomposition analysis. Atomistic Models. Differential geometry-based solvation and electrolyte transport models for biomolecular modeling: a review. Explicit inclusion of induced polarization in atomistic force fields based on the classical Drude oscillator model. Multipolar force fields for atomistic simulations. Quantum mechanics based polarizable force field for proteins. Status of the Gaussian electrostatic model, a density-based polarizable force field. Water models: Looking forward by looking backward. Coarse-Grained Models. A physics-based coarse-grained model with electric multipoles. Coarse-grained membrane force field based on Gay–Berne potential and electric multipoles. Perspectives on the coarse-grained models of DNA. RNA coarse-grained model theory.
£171.00
Pan Stanford Publishing Pte Ltd Microwave Engineering of Nanomaterials: From
Book SynopsisThe use of microwaves has gradually democratized itself in several scientific areas and is now a common methodology in domains as different as chemistry, protein digestion, mining, and metallurgy. Materials chemistry is one field where microwave irradiation technologies are being studied. In recent years, development of nanotechnologies has increased the interest of materials scientists in these new technologies. Microwave methodologies are now routinely used in several areas of materials science, and new advances are ongoing. This book presents recent improvements in microwave engineering of materials and nanomaterials, interactions of microwave chemistry with materials, and advances in microwave technologies in several domains such as polymer synthesis and modification, processing of various materials (ceramics, glasses, metallic alloys, zeolites), and synthesis and functionalization of diverse nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, MOF semiconductors, inorganic nanoparticles). The book will be of interest to all students and researchers in materials science and nanosciences who want to discover or increase their knowledge of microwave technology.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Microwave Chemistry. General Features of Microwave Interaction with Materials. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Modification of Polymers. Microwave Processing of Ceramics and Glasses. Microwave Processing of Composites, Glass-Ceramic Coatings and Metallic Alloys: An Overview. Microwaves Engineering for Synthesizing Clays and to Modify Properties in Zeolites. Microwave Engineering of Carbon Nanotubes, M. Sinha. Microwave Synthesis of Porous Zeolitic Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) Materials. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Semiconductor Nanomaterials for Energy Conversion. Microwave Nano-Surface Engineering.
£123.50
Pan Stanford Publishing Pte Ltd Tailoring of Nanocomposite Dielectrics: From
Book SynopsisThis book illustrates interfacial properties, preparation, characterization, devices, and applications from the standpoint of nano-interfacial tailoring. Since the primary focus of the book is on the use of nanocomposite dielectrics in electrical applications, chapters are devoted to directly relevant topics, such as surface and bulk breakdown processes. However, the mechanisms that underpin such behavior are not unique. Therefore, the book also addresses related topics that range from the chemistry of polymer and nanocomposite degradation to the simulation of charge transport dynamics in disordered materials, thereby presenting a multi- and interdisciplinary approach to the area. It will serve as a practical handbook or graduate textbook and is supplemented by ample number of illustrations, case studies, practical examples, and historical perspectives.Trade Review"This book gives an excellent review of polymeric nanocomposites for dielectric applications, a truly interdisciplinary field between chemistry, physics, and electrical engineering. It covers fundamental concepts and historical reviews of the scientific progress as well as new enablers for a rapid advance in this area. These include methods to chemically design interfaces on a molecular level, three-dimensional imaging technologies on a nanometer level, and the rapid progress in material simulations. From an engineering point of view, the book discusses current and new application areas for nanocomposite dielectrics in the electric power and electronics industry. An outstanding reference for both scientists and engineers."—Dr. Henrik Hillborg, ABB, Sweden"This book brings together contributions from researchers active in the area of nanocomposites for electrical applications. Nano-tailoring is the theme of this book. The book is loaded with the most recent information on nanodielectric research, information that can be applied by those who develop their own nanocomposites. Researchers working in this area of research will greatly benefit from reading this book. So also will those in electrical power engineering technology, who will be able to use it to understand the implications of nanocomposite materials for the future of power distribution, and other applications where dielectric and insulating materials exposed to an electric field can offer significantly improved electrical properties as a result of inclusion of nanoparticles."IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine"This book gives an excellent review of polymeric nanocomposites for dielectric applications, a truly interdisciplinary field between chemistry, physics, and electrical engineering. It covers fundamental concepts and historical reviews of the scientific progress as well as new enablers for a rapid advance in this area. These include methods to chemically design interfaces on a molecular level, three-dimensional imaging technologies on a nanometer level, and the rapid progress in material simulations. From an engineering point of view, the book discusses current and new application areas for nanocomposite dielectrics in the electric power and electronics industry. An outstanding reference for both scientists and engineers."—Dr. Henrik Hillborg, ABB, Sweden"This book brings together contributions from researchers active in the area of nanocomposites for electrical applications. Nano-tailoring is the theme of this book. The book is loaded with the most recent information on nanodielectric research, information that can be applied by those who develop their own nanocomposites. Researchers working in this area of research will greatly benefit from reading this book. So also will those in electrical power engineering technology, who will be able to use it to understand the implications of nanocomposite materials for the future of power distribution, and other applications where dielectric and insulating materials exposed to an electric field can offer significantly improved electrical properties as a result of inclusion of nanoparticles."IEEE Electrical Insulation MagazineTable of ContentsIntroduction. Preparation of nanoparticles. Nano-filler dispersion for tailoring of nanocomposite dielectrics. Nanoparticle surface modification for dielectric polymer nanocomposites. Characterization of nanocomposites. Theoretical aspects of interfaces. Computer simulation of nanocomposites at the molecular level. Electrical properties of polymer nanocomposites. Dielectric breakdown of polymer nanocomposites. Suppression of surface erosion by surface-treated fillers. Degradation of polymeric micro- and nanocomposites. Permittivity gradient composite material structures. Permeability control by nano-magnetic fillers: case study. High-density mounted components for electronic devices. Power applications.
£114.00
Pan Stanford Publishing Pte Ltd Plasmonic Resonators: Fundamentals, Advances, and
Book SynopsisPlasmonic resonators, composed of metallic micro- and nanostructures, belong to the category of excited-state physics on resonances from gigahertz to petahertz. Dynamical physics is in contrast to ground-state physics, which includes thermal states, and is connected to diverse applications to enhance existing photo-induced effects and phenomena such as plasmon-enhanced photoluminescence and Raman scattering. This book has three main aims: to provide fundamental knowledge on plasmonic resonators, to explain diverse plasmonic resonators, and to stimulate further development in plasmonic resonators. Plasmon-related studies, which are sometimes called plasmonics and include a substantial portion of metamaterials, have shown significant development since the 1980s. The piled-up results are too numerous to study from the beginning, but this book summarizes those results, including the history (past), all the possible types of plasmonic resonators (present), and their wide range of applications (future). It provides the basics of plasmons and resonant physics for undergraduate students, the systematic knowledge on plasmonic resonators for graduate students, and cutting-edge and in-depth information on plasmon-enhancement studies for researchers who are not experts in plasmonics and metamaterials, thereby benefitting a wide range of readers who are interested in the nanotechnology involving metallic nanostructures.Table of ContentsIntroduction. Plasma frequency. Optical constants in metals. Metal–Insulator Interface where SPPs emerge. Brief overview of the history. Numerical methods. Nanofabrication methods. Chapter summary. Response Function Theory. Classical model for response function. Quantum mechanical description for response function. Spectral theory. Generalized theory for response function. Chapter summary. Plasmonic Resonators. Plasmonic waveguides. Nanoparticle plasmonic resonators. Nanoparticle-assembled plasmonic resonators. Single-layer lattices. Collective oscillation associated with longitudinal component in plasmonic resonators. Plasmonic resonators of simply stacked structures. Plasmonic resonators with chirality. Plasmonic resonators of stacked complementary (SC) structures. Perfect absorbers. Chapter summary. Nonlocality on Plasmonic Resonances. Nonlocal responses in far-field spectra. Nonlocal responses in near-field scattering. Optical nonlocality in plasmonic resonators. Chapter summary. Plasmonic Enhancement. Principles of Plas*. Purcell effect. PlasPL. Surface-plasmon-amplified stimulated emission resonators (SPASER). Strong coupling of plasmons with excitons and other resonances. PlasRaman. PlasCat. PlasNLO. Other Plas*. IR emitters. Chapter summary. Future Prospects. Status after two decades since the era of nanotechnology. Directions being opened. Challenges in near future. Concluding remarks.
£999.99
Pan Stanford Publishing Pte Ltd Ultrafast Dynamics at the Nanoscale: Biomolecules
Book SynopsisUltrafast Dynamics at the Nanoscale provides a combined experimental and theoretical insight into the molecular-level investigation of light-induced quantum processes in biological systems and nanostructured (bio)assemblies. Topics include DNA photostability and repair, photoactive proteins, biological and artificial light-harvesting systems, plasmonic nanostructures, and organic photovoltaic materials, whose common denominator is the key importance of ultrafast quantum effects at the border between the molecular scale and the nanoscale. The functionality and control of these systems have been under intense investigation in recent years in view of developing a detailed understanding of ultrafast nanoscale energy and charge transfer, as well as fostering novel technologies based on sustainable energy resources.Both experiment and theory have made big strides toward meeting the challenge of these truly complex systems. This book, thus, introduces the reader to cutting-edge developments in ultrafast nonlinear optical spectroscopies and the quantum dynamical simulation of the observed dynamics, including direct simulations of two-dimensional optical experiments. Taken together, these techniques attempt to elucidate whether the quantum coherent nature of ultrafast events enhances the efficiency of the relevant processes and where the quantum–classical boundary sets in, in these high-dimensional biological and material systems. The chapters contain well-illustrated accounts of the authors’ research work, including didactic introductory material, and address a multidisciplinary audience from chemistry, physics, biology, and materials sciences. The book is, therefore, a must-have for graduate- and postgraduate-level researchers who wish to learn about molecular nanoscience from a combined spectroscopic and theoretical viewpoint.Table of ContentsExcited States of Single-Stranded DNA Revealed by Femtosecond Transient Absorption Spectroscopy. Photoactive Yellow Protein: Converting Light into a Metastable Structural Change. Energy Transfer Mechanisms in Nano–Bio Hybrid Structures Based on Quantum Dots and Photosensitive Membrane Proteins. Dynamics and Mechanisms of Ultraviolet-Damaged DNA Repair by Photolyases. Ultrafast Light-Induced Processes in DNA-Photolyase and Its Substrate-Bound Complex. Intra-Protein Structural and Reactive Dynamics Studied with Ultrafast Broadband and Two-Dimensional Spectroscopy. Ultrafast Exciton Dynamics in Correlated Environments. Excitation Energy Transfer in Light Harvesting Systems: Theory, Models, and Application. Bridging the Gap between Coherent and Incoherent Resonance Energy Transfer Dynamics by Quantum Master Equations in the Polaron Picture. Theory of Metal Nanoparticle–Affected Optical and Transport Properties in Supramolecular Complexes. Ultrafast Energy and Charge Transfer in Functional Molecular Nanoscale Aggregates. Ultrafast Spectroscopy: Quantum Information and Wavepackets. Simulating the Nonlinear Optical Response of Multichromophore Complexes.
£114.00
Pan Stanford Publishing Pte Ltd Self-Assembled Organic-Inorganic Nanostructures:
Book SynopsisThe current state and perspectives in natural and life sciences are strongly linked to the development of novel complex organic-inorganic materials at various levels of organization, including semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) and QD-based nanostructures with unique optical and physico-chemical properties. This book provides a comprehensive description of the morphology and main physico-chemical properties of self-assembled inorganic-dye nanostructures as well as some applications in the field of nanotechnology. It crosses disciplines to examine essential nanoassembly principles of QD interaction with organic molecules, excited state dynamics in nanoobjects, theoretical models, and methodologies. Based on ensemble and single-nanoobject detection, the book quantitatively shows (for the first time on a series of nanoassemblies) that surface-mediated processes (formation of trap states) dictate the probability of several of the most interesting and potentially useful photophysical phenomena (FRET- or non-FRET-induced quenching of QD photoluminescence) observed for colloidal QDs and QD–dye nanoassemblies. Further, nanostructures can be generated by nanolithography and thereafter selectively decorated with dye molecules. A similar approach applies to natural nanosized surface heterogeneities.Trade Review"This book provides a comprehensive overview of different aspects of hybrid nanostructures self-assembled from light-emitting inorganic semiconductor quantum dots and organic dyes. Single-nanoobject spectroscopy data analysis is especially useful, as it allows for sound insights into a variety of photophysical phenomena in these hybrid systems, such as luminescence quenching and FRET. The book will be a useful reference in the field of the synthesis, optical spectroscopy studies, and applications of hybrid inorganic-organic assemblies."—Prof. Andrey Rogach, City University of Hong Kong, Hong KongTable of ContentsStructural and Energetic Dynamics in Quantum Dot-Dye Nanoassemblies. Interrelation of Assembly Formation and Ligand Depletion in Colloidal Quantum Dots. Fluorescence Quenching of Semiconductor Quantum Dots by Multiple Dye Molecules. Static and Dynamic Quenching of Quantum Dot Photoluminescence by Organic Semiconductors and Dye Molecules. Selected Applications of QDs and QD-Based Nanoassemblies. Nanolithography and Decoration of Generated Nanostructures by Dye Molecules. Identification of Heterogeneous Surface Properties via Fluorescent Probe Molecules. Selective Surface Binding of Dye Molecules on Hybrid Humidity Sensors.
£114.00
Pan Stanford Publishing Pte Ltd NMR of Liquid Crystal Dendrimers
Book SynopsisDendrimers are hyperbranched molecules with well-defined nanometer-scale dimensions. Important technological applications of these systems, both in biomedicine and materials science, have been recently proposed. Liquid crystal dendrimers are fascinating materials that combine the characteristics of dendrimers with the anisotropic physical behaviour and molecular self-organization typical of liquid crystals. This unique association of physical and chemical properties, together with the possibility of multi-selective functionalization put forward by dendrimers, opens new perspectives for applications. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a powerful experimental technique applied in materials science and an important tool to the study of molecular organization and dynamics. This book presents an introduction to dendrimers properties with special insight into liquid crystal dendrimers and a detailed description of the NMR theory and experimental techniques used in the investigation of these materials. It also discusses recent NMR research results on liquid crystal dendrimers, with emphasis on molecular order and dynamics studies.This book introduces the properties of dendrimers, with special insight into liquid crystal dendrimers, and a detailed description of NMR theory and experimental techniques used in the investigation of these materials. It also discusses results of recent NMR research on liquid crystal dendrimers, with an emphasis on molecular order and dynamics studies. Advanced undergraduate and graduate students of physics, chemistry, and materials science and researchers in the fields of dendrimers, liquid crystals, and NMR will find the book extremely useful.Table of ContentsIntroduction. Liquid Crystals. Molecular Structures of Liquid Crystalline Dendrimers. Fundamentals of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. NMR spectroscopy of anisotropic fluid systems. NMR relaxation and molecular dynamics. NMR relaxometry and molecular dynamics. NMR spectroscopy of liquid crystal dendrimers. NMR relaxometry of liquid crystal dendrimers.
£94.04
Jenny Stanford Publishing Therapeutic RNA Nanotechnology: Immunomodulation
Book SynopsisThis collection of research articles and reviews covers the latest work in the design, delivery, dynamic abilities, and immune stimulation of RNA nanoparticles which have driven the utilization of their immunomodulatory properties. The unknown immune properties of nucleic acid nanoparticles have been a major hurdle in their adaptation until the works herein began assessing their structure-activity relationships. This collection chronologically follows the path of investigating the recognition of design components to implementing them into nucleic acid nanostructures. RNA nanotechnology is an emerging platform for therapeutics with increasing clinical relevance as this approach becomes more widely used and approved for the treatment of various diseases. The latest research aims to take advantage of RNA’s modular nature for the design of nanostructures which can interact with their environments to communicate programmed messages with intracellular pathways. In doing so, nanoparticles can be used to elicit or elude responses by the immune system as desired in conjunction with their therapeutic applications. Table of ContentsTherapeutic RNA Nanotechnology
£292.60
Amazon Digital Services LLC - Kdp Computational Modeling and Simulation in
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£32.05
Amazon Digital Services LLC - Kdp Kvantesammenfiltring forklart for alle
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£14.51
Amazon Digital Services LLC - Kdp An Insight Of Heterogeneous Equilibria The Phase
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£36.35
Oxford University Press Inc A World from Dust
Book SynopsisA World From Dust describes how a set of chemical rules combined with the principles of evolution in order to create an environment in which life as we know it could unfold. Beginning with simple mathematics, these predictable rules led to the advent of the planet itself, as well as cells, organs and organelles, ecosystems, and increasingly complex life forms. McFarland provides an accessible discussion of a geological history as well, describing how the inorganic matter on Earth underwent chemical reactions with air and water, allowing for life to emerge from the world''s first rocks. He traces the history of life all the way to modern neuroscience, and shows how the bioelectric signals that make up the human brain were formed. Most popular science books on the topic present either the physics of how the universe formed, or the biology of how complex life came about; this book''s approach would be novel in that it condenses in an engaging way the chemistry that links the two fields. TTrade ReviewThe narrative should appeal to anyone interested in viewing chemistry and biology from a general, perhaps poetic, perspective. Although intended for a general audience, some background knowledge of chemistry, biology, and evolution of the world is probably needed to fully appreciate the story. The style is informal, and the presentation includes many intriguing real-world contexts and examples, and numerous thought-provoking metaphors and analogies. * David M. Hanson, Quarterly Review of Biology *The story told in A World from Dust is a fascinating one and McFarland deserves credit for uniting several scientific fields in an imaginative way. * Jamie Durrani, Chemistry World *The diversity and number of different subjects are such that it would be almost impossible to provide a summary ... a gold mine for those who, almost without a prerequisite for maths, aim to address the origin of life and the chemical reasons for evolution. Teachers in chemistry or geochemistry searching for original examples to illustrate their lessons will find a lot in this book * Marc Hebrant, Structural Chemistry *To quote, this book is "natural history told by a chemist" -- and this chemist and author does a superb job. ... As this work is written for non-scientists at an elementary level, it is recommended for all audiences -- general and scientific. * R. E. Buntrock, CHOICE *The author makes a decent argument for the chemical predictability of evolution as a bridge between biology and physics. The book's chronological structure and colloquial writing style make the book easy to read. The contents manage to walk the edge between technical and popular. * Rosie Cawkwell, Rosie Writes *McFarland's unique way of looking at things gives new insights to the reader on the topic established in the subtitle: how the periodic table shaped life. * Brian Clegg, Popular Science *Like all good works of science for the general public, McFarland's is full of fascinating examples, a dash of humor, and just plain cool facts. * Publishers Weekly *Table of ContentsChapter 1: Arsenic Life? Chapter 2: A Tapestry from Three Threads Chapter 3: Unfolding the Periodic Table Chapter 4: The Triple-Point Planet Chapter 5: Seven Clues for Quickening the Rocks Chapter 6: Wheels Within Wheels Chapter 7: The Colorful Path to Oxygen Chapter 8: One Step Back, Two Steps Forward Chapter 9: Cracked Open and Knit Together by Oxygen Chapter 10: The End of (Chemical) Evolution Chapter 11: How Chemistry Shaped History, Through Words Chapter 12: Cosmos and Chaos
£44.64
Oxford University Press Oxide Thin Films and Nanostructures
Book SynopsisOxide Thin Films and Nanostructures is an interdisciplinary approach to introduce readers to the field of oxide nano-materials, that is oxides of nano-meter size and dimensions. Emphasis is put to differentiate these nanoscale oxide objects from their solid bulk oxide parents and present their properties in a pedagogic way.Trade ReviewThe authors of Oxide Thin Films and Nanostructures have produced a state-of-the-art reference on the topic, an interesting book reflecting the longstanding experience of its authors. * Axel Mainzer Koenig, Optics and Phonetic News, Optica *A very timely book. Oxides are all over the places on Earth and have proven of paramount importance in modern technologies. The book provides a good equilibrium between technical aspects and applications. * Gerald Bastard, Physics Department, Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris *The book should have interdisciplinary appeal. There have been tremendous advances made in understanding oxide films and structures at the nano level, and the importance of such systems in solid state chemistry, physics, materials science, applied physics etc. * Neil Allan, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol *Table of Contents1: Introduction 2: Growth of oxide thin films and nanoparticles: methods of fabrication 3: Methods of study 4: Oxide thin film properties 5: Two-dimensional oxides 6: Oxide nanoparticles 7: Clay mineral layers and nanoparticles 8: Surface chemistry, energy conversion and related applications 9: Synopsis and outlook
£108.89
The Perseus Books Group The Periodic Kingdom A Journey Into The Land Of
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£999.99
John Wiley & Sons Inc Mass Spectrometry of NonCovalent Complexes
Book SynopsisDetails the many benefits of applying mass spectrometry to supramolecular chemistry Except as a method for the most basic measurements, mass spectrometry (MS) has long been considered incompatible with supramolecular chemistry. Yet, with today''s methods, the disconnect between these two fields is not warranted. Mass Spectrometry and Gas-Phase Chemistry of Non-Covalent Complexes provides a convincing look at how modern MS techniques offer supramolecular chemists a powerful investigatory toolset. Bringing the two fields together in an interdisciplinary manner, this reference details the many different topics associated with the study of non-covalent complexes in the gas phase. The text begins with brief introductions to supramolecular chemistry and such relevant mass spectrometric methods as ionization techniques, analyzers, and tandem MS experiments. The coverage continues with: How the analyte''s transition into the gas phase changes covalent Trade Review"Whether the reader is a mass spectrometrist or a supramolecular chemist ... both are accommodated." (Book News, December 2009)Table of ContentsPreface. List of Tutorials. PART A: GENERAL ISSUES. 1. INTRODUCTION. 2. SUPRAMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY: SOME BACKGROUND. 2.1. The Nature of Non-Covalent Interactions. 2.2. Classical Building Blocks in Supramolecular Chemistry. 2.3. Key Areas and Key Concepts in Supramolecular Chemistry. 2.4. Biomolecules: Intra- and Intermolecular Non-Covalent Bonds. References. 3 MASS SPECTROMETRY FOR THE EXAMINATION OF NON-COVALENT COMPLEXES. 3.1. Common Mass Spectrometric Instrumentation for the Examination of Non-Covalent Bonds. 3.2. How Non-Covalent Bonds Change on the Transition from Solution to the Gas Phase. 3.3. Ion Energetics Issues. 3.4. Tandem-MS-Experiments. 3.5. Potential Sources of Error or Misinterpretation. References. PART B: ARTIFICIAL SUPRAMOLECULAR SYSTEMS. 4 FUNDAMENTAL STUDIES ON SMALLER NON-COVALENT COMPLEXES. 4.1. Ion Neutral Complexes. 4.2. High-Pressure Mass Spectrometry: Bridging the Gap Between Gas and Condensed Phase. References. 5 DETERMINATION OF THE "SECONDARY STRUCTURE" OF SUPRAMOLECULES BY MASS SPECTROMETRY. 5.1. Mechanically Interlocked Molecules and Their Precursors. 5.2. Guest Encapsulation. 5.3. Gas-Phase Conformations. 5.4. Zwitterions and Salt-Bridges. References. 6 CHIRAL RECOGNITION. 6.1. Tartrate Clusters. 6.2. Chiral Crown Ether-Ammonium Complexes: The Three-Point Model. 6.3. Cyclodextrin-Amino Acid Recognition. 6.4. Chiral Recognition in Amino Acid Clusters. 6.5. Homochiral Serine Octamers. 6.6. Resonant Two Photon Ionization Studies of Chiral Complexes: Spectroscopy of Diastereomeric Complexes in the Gas Phase. References. 7 MONITORING SOLUTION REACTIVITY OF NON-COVALENT COMPLEXES BY MASS SPECTROMETRY. 7.1. Mass Spectrometric Characterization of Metallo-Supramolecular Aggregates. 7.2. Simple Ligand Exchanges in Metallo-Supramolecular Squares. 7.3. Titration Experiments with Helicates. 7.4. Helicates Again: Mechanistic Insight into Ligand Exchange Reactions. 7.5. Titration Experiments with Self-Sorting Tetraurea-Calixarenes. 7.6. Self-Sorting Reactions of Pseudorotaxane Assemblies. 7.7. Shorter Time-Scales: A Mixed-Flow Technique Applied to Self-Assembly. References. 8. GAS-PHASE REACTIVITY OF SUPRAMOLECULES. 8.1. Molecular "Mouse Traps": Covalent Bond Formation Within Non-Covalent Complexes. 8.2. Fragmentation of Metallo-Supramolecular Helicates, Squares, and Cages. 8.3. Host-Guest Chemistry of Dendrimers in the Gas Phase. 8.4. H/D Exchange Reactions in Gaseous Non-Covalent Complexes. References. 9 DETERMINATION OF THERMOCHEMICAL DATA. 9.1. Crown Ether Binding Affinities in Solution. 9.2. Ranking of Anion-Cavitand Gas-Phase Binding Energies. 9.3. Crown Ether-Ammonium Ion Complexes in the Gas Phase. 9.4. Crown Ether-Alkali Metal Ion Complexes and the Best-Fit Model. References. PART C NON-COVALENT COMPLEXES OF BIOMOLECULES. 10 NON-COVALENT COMPLEXES WITH PETIDES AND PROTEINS. 10.1. Metal-Ion Binding to Peptides and Small Proteins. 10.2. Probing Three-Dimensional Protein Structure and Protein-Protein Interactions. 10.3. Interactions of Proteins with Small Molecules. 10.4. Sugar-Peptide and Sugar-Protein Complexes. 10.5. Interactions of Proteins with Oligonucleotides, DNA, and RNA. References. 11. NON-COVALENT COMPLEXES OF NUCLEOTIDES. 11.1. Metal-Ion Binding to DNA Bases and Oligonucleotides. 11.2. Are Watson-Crick Base Pairing and Double Helix Conserved in the Gas Phase? 11.3. G-Quartets. 11.4. The Folding of G-Rich Strands into Quadruplexes. 11.5. Minor Groove Binders and Intercalators: The Binding to Duplexes. 11.6. Non-Covalent Interactions With G-Quadruplexes. References. 12. CARBOHYDRATES. 12.1 Carbohydrates: Their Importance and Analysis. 12.2. Stereodifferentiation of Small Carbohydrates. 12.3. Structural Aspects of Oligosaccharides by MS and IMS. 12.4. Carbohydrate Association. 12.5. Summary and Outlook. References. 13. EPILOGUE. Index.
£125.96
Research & Education Association,U.S. Chemistry Super Review Super Reviews Study Guides
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£11.69
Royal Society of Chemistry RNA Polymerases as Molecular Motors
Book SynopsisThe cell can be viewed as a ''collection of protein machines'' and understanding these molecular machines requires sophisticated cooperation between cell biologists, geneticists, enzymologists, crystallographers, chemists and physicists. To observe these machines in action, researchers have developed entirely new methodologies for the detection and the nanomanipulation of single molecules. This book, written by expert scientists in the field, analyses how these diverse fields of research interact on a specific example - RNA polymerase. The book concentrates on RNA polymerases because they play a central role among all the other machines operating in the cell and are the target of a wide range of regulatory mechanisms. They have also been the subject of spectacular advances in their structural understanding in recent years, as testified by the attribution of the Nobel prize in chemistry in 2006 to Roger Kornberg. The book focuses on two aspects of the transcription cycle that have been Table of ContentsChapter 1: Where it all Begins: An Overview of Promoter Recognition and Open Complex Formation; Chapter 2: Opening the DNA at the Promoter; The Energetic Challenge; Chapter 3: Intrinsic In Vivo Modulators: Negative Supercoiling and the Constituents of the Bacterial Nucleoid; Chapter 4: Transcription by RNA Polymerases: From Initiation to Elongation, Translocation and Strand Separation; Chapter 5: Single-molecule FRET Analysis of the Path from Transcription Initiation to Elongation; Chapter 6: Real-time Detection of DNA Unwinding by Escherichia coli RNAP: From Transcription Initiation to Termination; Part II: Transcription Elongation and Termination, Interlude, The Engine and the Brake; Chapter 7: Substrate Loading, Nucleotide Addition, and Translocation by RNA Polymerase; Chapter 8: Regulation of RNA Polymerase through its Active Center; Chapter 9: Kinetic Modeling of Transcription Elongation; Chapter 10: Mechanics of Transcription Termination; Conclusion: Past, Present, and Future of Single-molecule Studies of Transcription
£144.99
Cengage Learning Bundle General Organic and Biological Chemistry
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£461.70
Carson Dellosa Education Physical Science
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£999.99
NY Research Press A Modern Approach to Physical Chemistry
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£101.18
Murphy & Moore Publishing Introduction to Physical Chemistry
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£999.99
States Academic Press Photochemistry and Photophysics
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£97.68
Larsen and Keller Education Physical Chemistry
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£107.42
Royal Society of Chemistry Liquid Salts for Energy and Materials: Faraday
Book SynopsisLiquid salt innovations can offer significant benefits for improving energy efficiency and reducing the environmental impact of the production of many materials and of processing technologies. Technological advancement relies heavily on a sound understanding of the underlying science of the huge number of liquid salts and their varying properties. This Faraday Discussion aims to bring together scientists and engineers from academia and industry to discuss and debate the state of the art in liquid salts to develop a better understanding of their fundamental properties and how their application can help in addressing some of the most important current global challenges. Topics covered include energy efficiency in process chemistry and engineering, improvements in energy conversion and storage and molten salt based reactors in nuclear energy processes.Table of ContentsBenefits to energy efficiency and environmental impact; Improvements of energy conversion and storage; Developments for nuclear reactors and spent fuels processing; Advancement in knowledge of phenomena and processes
£170.00
Royal Society of Chemistry RNA Helicases
Book SynopsisRNA helicases and RNA helicase-like proteins are the largest group of enzymes in eukaryotic RNA metabolism and although they are subject to intense ongoing research there is much confusion about function and classification of these enzymes. Although these enzymes are essential for virtually all processes involving RNA, there is no overview detailing structure, function and/or biological roles of these pivotal proteins. This book provides the first comprehensive and systematic overview of biology, mechanism, and structure of RNA helicases and RNA helicase-like enzymes. Research into RNA helicases takes place in many different fields from cell and developmental biology to mechanistic enzymology, and structural biology and this book integrates the knowledge of these diverse fields into one valuable resource. It also provides an informative overview on the entire group of enzymes. Individual chapters on each subfamily of RNA helicases and RNA helicase-like proteins are written by experts in the respective fields. All chapters are systematically integrated and the reader is guided by a didactic introductory chapter. The main strengths of the book are the combination of systematics and details that will allow the reader to gain insight into results from diverse fields while maintaining a view of the entire field. It will be a key reference for academics, advanced students, researchers and professionals working in or joining this field.Table of ContentsForeword: Found in translation - the discovery of the first RNA helicase, eIF4A; Chapter 1: An Introduction to RNA helicases: Superfamilies, Families, and Major Themes; Chapter 2: The dynamic life with DEAD-box RNA helicases; Chapter 3: Mechanisms of DEAD-box Proteins in ATP-dependent Processes; Chapter 4: The Biology of DEAH/RHA Proteins and Their Mechanism of Action; Chapter 5: RIG-I-like RNA Helicases: Multidomain Proteins in Antiviral Innate Immunity and Processing of Small Regulatory RNAs; Chapter 6: Ski2-like proteins: Biology and Mechanism; Chapter 7: Viral DExH Proteins; Chapter 8: Superfamily 1 RNA helicases: Biology and Mechanism; Chapter 9: Hexameric Viral RNA Helicases; Chapter 10: Transcription Termination Factor Rho: a Ring-shaped RNA Helicase from Bacteria
£132.99
ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons Inc An Introduction to Chemical Kinetics
Book SynopsisThis book is a progressive presentation of kinetics of the chemical reactions. It provides complete coverage of the domain of chemical kinetics, which is necessary for the various future users in the fields of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Materials Science, Chemical Engineering, Macromolecular Chemistry and Combustion. It will help them to understand the most sophisticated knowledge of their future job area. Over 15 chapters, this book present the fundamentals of chemical kinetics, its relations with reaction mechanisms and kinetic properties. Two chapters are then devoted to experimental results and how to calculate the kinetic laws in both homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. The following two chapters describe the main approximation modes to calculate these laws. Three chapters are devoted to elementary steps with the various classes, the principles used to write them and their modeling using the theory of the activated complex in gas and condensed phases. Three chapters are devoted to the particular areas of chemical reactions, chain reactions, catalysis and the stoichiometric heterogeneous reactions. Finally the non-steady-state processes of combustion and explosion are treated in the final chapter.Table of ContentsPreface xvii PART 1. BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMICAL KINETICS 1 Chapter 1. Chemical Reaction and Kinetic Quantities 3 1.1. The chemical reaction 3 1.2. Homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions 8 1.3. Extent and speed of a reaction 9 1.4. Volumetric and areal speed of a monozone reaction 12 1.5. Fractional extent and rate of a reaction 14 1.6. Reaction speeds and concentrations 18 1.7. Expression of volumetric speed according to variations in concentration in a closed system 19 1.8. Stoichiometric mixtures and progress 20 1.9. Factors influencing reaction speeds 21 Chapter 2. Reaction Mechanisms and Elementary Steps 25 2.1. Basic premise of kinetics 25 2.2. Reaction mechanism 26 2.3. Reaction intermediates 29 2.4. Reaction sequences and Semenov representation 32 2.5. Chain reactions 34 2.6. Catalytic reactions 37 2.7. Important figures in reaction mechanisms 41 Chapter 3. Kinetic Properties of Elementary Reactions 43 3.1. Space function of an elementary reaction 43 3.2. Reactivity and rate of an elementary step 44 3.3. Kinetic constants of an elementary step 45 3.4. Opposite elementary reactions 47 3.5. Influence of temperature on the reactivities of elementary steps 49 3.6. Modeling of a gas phase elementary step 51 3.7. A particular elementary step: diffusion 58 3.8. Gases adsorption onto solids 64 3.9. Important figures in the kinetic properties of elementary reactions 71 Chapter 4. Kinetic Data Acquisition 73 4.1. Experimental kinetic data of a reaction 73 4.2. Generalities on measuring methods 74 4.3. Chemical methods 74 4.4. Physical methods 75 4.5. Researching the influence of various variables 87 Chapter 5. Experimental Laws and Calculation of Kinetic Laws of Homogeneous Systems 91 5.1. Experimental laws in homogeneous kinetics 91 5.2. Relationship between the speed of a reaction and the speeds of its elementary steps 95 5.3. Mathematical formulation of speed from a mechanism and experimental conditions 96 5.4. Mathematical formulation of a homogeneous reaction with open sequence 99 5.5. Mathematical formulation of chain reactions 101 Chapter 6. Experimental Data and Calculation of Kinetic Laws of Heterogeneous Reactions 109 6.1. Heterogeneous reactions 109 6.2. Experimental kinetic data of heterogeneous reactions 112 6.3. Involvement of diffusion in matter balances 119 6.4. Example of mathematical formulation of a heterogeneous catalytic reaction 124 6.5. Example of the mathematical formulation of an evolution process of a phase 127 Chapter 7. Pseudo- and Quasi-steady State Modes 135 7.1. Pseudo-steady state mode 135 7.2. Pseudo-steady state sequences with constant volume (or surface) – quasi-steady state 147 7.3. Pseudo- and quasi-steady state of diffusion 150 7.4. Application to the calculation of speeds in pseudo-steady state or quasi-steady state 151 7.5. Pseudo-steady state and open or closed systems 159 7.6. Conclusion 162 7.7. Important figure in pseudo-steady state 163 Chapter 8. Modes with Rate-determining Steps 165 8.1. Mode with one determining step 166 8.2. Pseudo-steady state mode with two determining steps 185 8.3. Generalization to more than two determining steps 189 8.4. Conclusion to the study of modes with one or several rate-determining steps 190 8.5. First order mode changes 190 8.6. Conclusion 191 PART 2. REACTION MECHANISMS AND KINETIC PROPERTIES 193 Chapter 9. Establishment and Resolution of a Reaction Mechanism 195 9.1. Families of reaction mechanisms 195 9.2. Different categories of elementary steps 196 9.3. Establishment of a reaction mechanism 201 9.4. Research into a mechanism: intermediary reactions 205 9.5. Back to the modes and laws of kinetics 210 9.6. Experimental tests 212 9.7. Looking for the type of rate law 218 Chapter 10. Theory of the Activated Complex in the Gas Phase 223 10.1. The notion of molecular energy: the energy of a group of atoms 223 10.2. Bimolecular reactions in the gas phase 227 10.3. Monomolecular reactions in the gas phase 243 10.4. Photochemical elementary reactions 248 10.5. The theory of activated complexes 252 Chapter 11. Modeling Elementary Reactions in Condensed Phase 253 11.1. Elementary reaction in the liquid phase 253 11.2. Elementary reaction in the solid state 268 11.3. Interphase reactions 276 11.4. Electrochemical reactions 280 11.5. Conclusion 290 Chapter 12. The Kinetics of Chain Reactions 291 12.1. Definition of a chain reaction 291 12.2. The kinetic characteristics of chain reactions 292 12.3. Classification of chain reactions 293 12.4. Chain reaction sequences 295 12.5. Kinetic study of straight chain or non-branch chain reactions 299 12.6. Kinetic study of chain reactions with direct branching 311 12.7. Semenov and the kinetics of chain reactions 321 Chapter 13. Catalysis and Catalyzed Reactions 323 13.1. Homogenous catalysis 324 13.2. Heterogeneous catalysis reactions 335 13.3. Gas–solid reactions leading to a gas 351 13.4. Conclusion on catalysis 352 13.5. Langmiur and Hinshelwood 352 Chapter 14. Kinetics of Heterogeneous Stoichiometric Reactions 353 14.1. Extent versus time and rate versus extent curves 354 14.2. The global model with two processes 355 14.3. The ?ÖE law 356 14.4. Morphological modeling of the growing space function 357 14.5. The nucleation process 373 14.6. Physico-chemical growth models 384 14.7. Conclusion on heterogeneous reactions 386 14.8. Important figures in reaction kinetics 387 Chapter 15. Kinetics of Non-pseudo-steady State Modes 389 15.1. Partial pseudo-steady state modes 389 15.2. The paralinear law of metal oxidation 392 15.3. Thermal runaway and ignition of reactions 395 15.4. Chemical ignition of gaseous mixtures 397 APPENDICES 405 Appendix 1. Point Defects and Structure Elements of Solids 407 Appendix 2. Notions of Microscopic Thermodynamics 413 Appendix 3. Vibration Frequency of the Activated Complex 425 Notations and Symbols 431 Bibliography 439 Index 441
£999.99
De Gruyter Physikalische Chemie: Für Die Bachelorprüfung
Book Synopsis
£52.50
De Gruyter Chemical Photocatalysis
Book Synopsis
£133.03
De Gruyter Heterogeneous Catalytic Redox Reactions:
Book Synopsis
£140.24
De Gruyter Grundlagen der Radiochemie
Book Synopsis
£134.09
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Phase Diagrams and Heterogeneous Equilibria: A
Book SynopsisThis advanced comprehensive textbook introduces the practical application of phase diagrams to the thermodynamics of materials consisting of several phases. It describes the fundamental physics and thermodynamics as well as experimental methods, treating all material classes: metals, glasses, ceramics, polymers, organic materials, aqueous solutions. With many application examples and realistic cases from chemistry and materials science, it is intended for students and researchers in chemistry, metallurgy, mineralogy, and materials science as well as in engineering and physics. The authors treat the nucleation of phase transitions, the production and stability of technologically important metastable phases, and metallic glasses. Also concisely presented are the thermodynamics and composition of polymer systems. This innovative text puts this powerful analytical approach into a readily understandable and practical context, perhaps for the first time.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews : "This graduate textbook introduces the practical application of phase diagrams for students and researchers in materials science, chemistry, and mineralogy, as well as engineering and physics. Heterogeneous equilibria are illustrated by practical examples in different application fields, while theory is kept to a minimum. An emphasis is placed on providing tools for predicting energetic, structural, and physical quantities." (Materials Today) "Predel and colleagues offer a good resource for students and professionals who wish to learn more about the practical aspects of phase equilibria … . Unlike most other books on the subject, this practical introduction provides detailed, yet remarkably clear, description of physical phenomena … . The descriptions are enhanced with more than 250 phase diagrams, micrographs, and other illustrations involving both real and idealized systems. … Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through professionals in materials-related fields." (D.D. Edwards, CHOICE, Vol. 42 (10), June, 2005) Table of Contents1 Fundamental Facts and Concepts.- 2 Phase Equilibria in One-Component Systems.- 3 Phase Equilibria in Two-Component Systems Under Exclusion of the Gas Phase.- 4 Phase Equilibria in Three-Component Systems and Four-Component Systems with Exclusion of the Gas Phase.- 5 Phase Equilibria Including a Vapor Phase.- 6 Thermodynamics.- 7 Nucleation During Phase Transitions.- 8 Metastable Phases.- 9 Effect of Diffusion on Phase Transformations.- 10 Organic and Polymeric Materials.
£999.99
Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden Das Chemiewissen für die Feuerwehr
Book SynopsisChemische Sachverhalte, die in Feuerwehr-Lehrgängen vermittelt werden, sind oftmals "isolierte Fakten". In dem Buch werden diese Fakten in ein chemisch-physikalisches Gesamtkonzept eingebunden. Hintergründe werden beleuchtet, und Zusammenhänge können erkannt werden. Das Verständnis insgesamt wird erleichtert, taktische Maßnahmen für den Einsatz werden "logisch".Table of Contents1 Einführung.- Die Naturwissenschaften.- Stoffe und Stoffgemische.- 2 Zustandsformen der Materie.- Aggregatzustände.- Gase.- 3 Atommodelle und Periodensystem.- Atome und Atomhülle.- Das Periodensystem.- 4 Moleküle, Ionen, Bindungen.- Einführung.- Bindungen.- 5 Lösungen und chemische Reaktionen.- Chemische Reaktionen: Grundlagen.- Lösungen.- Doppelsalze.- 6 Säuren und Laugen.- Säure-Base-Theorien.- Säuren und Laugen.- ph-Wert.- Neutralisation.- 7 Redox-Reaktionen und Elektrochemie.- Oxidations-/Reduktionsbegriff.- Redoxpaare.- Berechnung der elektromotorischen Kraft.- Galvanische Zellen.- Elektrolyse.- 8 Radioaktivität.- Hintergrundwissen "Strahlung".- Geschichtliches zur Radioaktivität.- Radioaktivität: Begriffe und Schreibweisen.- Der Atomkern.- Radioaktiver Zerfall.- Nuklidkarten.- Maßeinheiten der Strahlung radioaktiver Stoffe.- Messgeräte für die von radioaktiven Stoffen ausgehende Strahlung.- Strahlenbelastung.- Biologische Wirkung ionisierender Strahlung.- Anwendung radioaktiver Stoffe.- Kernreaktionen.- Kennzeichnung radioaktiver Stoffe und Bereiche.- Schutz vor ionisierender Strahlung.- 9 Energieumsatz chemischer Reaktionen.- Energie.- Katalyse.- 10 Brennen und Löschen.- Feuer und Brände.- Der Vorgang des Brennens.- Explosionen.- Die Chemie der Verbrennung.- Löschen.- Brandschutzausrüstungen.- 11 Organische Chemie.- Unverzichtbare Organik.- Kohlenwasserstoffe.- Organische Halogenverbindungen.- Organische Sauerstoffverbindungen.- Organische Stickstoffverbindungen.- Organische Schwefelverbindungen.- Kunststoffe.- Tenside.- 12 CBRNE-Gefahren.- Gifte.- Chemische Kampfstoffe.- Biostoffe.- Biologische Kampfmittel.- Explosivstoffe.- Tabellen und Abbildungen.
£39.71
Pearson Physical Chemistry Thermodynamics Statistical
Book Synopsis
£263.98
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Reaction Mechanisms At a Glance
Book SynopsisStudents at all levels find considerable difficulty in applying their knowledge of organic chemistry to the solution of problems, often relying on memory alone. This book takes a unique approach to show that a general problem-solving strategy is applicable to many of the common reactions. Using a novel ''at-a-glance'' layout, the left-hand page provides a stepwise procedure for working through the reaction mechanisms, with helpful hints about the underlying chemistry, and the facing page contains a fully worked-through answer.Table of ContentsA Note from the author. Introduction. List of Abbreviations. 1. Nucleophilic Substitution and Elimination. 2. Alkene and Alkyne Chemistry. 3. Nucleophilic Additions to Carbonyl Groups. 4. Enolate Chemistry. 5. Aromatic Chemistry. 6. Rearrangements. Index
£34.15
Springer New York The Physical Basis of Biochemistry The
Book SynopsisPrinciples of Biophysical Inquiry.- Introduction: To the Student First Edition.- Philosophy and Practice of Biophysical Study.- Overview of the Biological System Under Study.- Physical Thoughts, Biological Systems The Application of Modeling Principles to Understanding Biological Systems.- Probability and Statistics.- Foundations.- Energy and Force The Prime Observables.- Biophysical Forces in Molecular Systems.- Physical Principles: Quantum Mechanics.- Chemical Principles.- Measuring the Energy of a System: Energetics and the First Law of Thermodynamics.- Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics.- Which Way Is That System Going? The Gibbs Free Energy.- The Thermodynamics of Phase Equilibria.- Building a Model of Biomolecular Structure.- Water: A Unique Solvent and Vital Component of Life.- IonSolvent Interactions.- IonIon Interactions.- Lipids in Aqueous Solution.- Macromolecules in Solution.- Molecular Modeling Mapping Biochemical State Space.- The Electrified Interphase.- Function and Action Biological State Space.- Transport A Non-equilibrium Process.- Flow in a Chemical Potential Field: Diffusion.- Flow in an Electric Field: Conduction.- Forces Across Membranes.- Kinetics Chemical Kinetics.- Dynamic Bioelectrochemistry Charge Transfer in Biological Systems.- Methods for the Measuring Structure and Function.- Separation and Characterization of Biomolecules Based on Macroscopic Properties.- Analysis of Molecular Structure with Electronic Spectroscopy.- Molecular Structure from Scattering Phenomena.- Analysis of Structure Microscopy.- Epilogue.- Physical Constants.Table of ContentsPREFACE PART I: Principles of Biophysical Inquiry Chapter 1 Introduction: “To the Student” Chapter 2 Philosophy and Practice of Biophysical Study Chapter 3 Overview of the Biological System Under Study – Descriptive Models Chapter 4 Physical Thoughts, Biological Systems - The application of modeling principles to understanding biological systems Chapter 5 Probability and Statistics PART II: Foundations Chapter 6 Physical Principles: Energy - The Prime Observable Chapter 7 Biophysical Forces in Molecular Systems Chapter 8 An Introduction to Quantum Mechanics Chapter 9 Chemical Principles Chapter 10 Measuring the Energy of a System: Energetics and the First Law of Thermodynamics Chapter 11 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics Chapter 12 Which Way Did That System Go? The Gibbs Free Energy Chapter 13 The Thermodynamics of Phase Equilibria PART III: Building a Model of Biomolecular Structure Chapter 14 Water: A Unique Structure, A Unique Solvent Chapter 15 Ion-Solvent Interactions Chapter 16 Ion-Ion Interactions Chapter 17 Lipids in Aqueous Solution Chapter 18 Macromolecules in Solution Chapter 19 Molecular Modeling - Mapping Biochemical State Space Chapter 20 The Electrified Interphase PART IV: Function and Action Biological State Space Chapter 21 Transport and Kinetics: Processes Not at Equilibrium Chapter 22 Flow in a Chemical Potential Field: Diffusion Chapter 23 Flow in an Electrical Field: Conduction Chapter 24 Forces Across Membranes Chapter 25 Kinetics - Chemical Kinetics Chapter 26 Bioelectrochemistry – Charge Transfer in Biological Systems PART V: Methods for the Measuring Structure and Function Chapter 27 Separation and Characterization of Biomolecules Based on Macroscopic Properties (with Kristin E. Bergethon) Chapter 28 Determining Structure by molecular interactions with photons: Electronic Spectroscopy (with Kristin Bergethon) Chapter 29 Determining Structure by molecular interactions with photons: ScatteringPhenomena Chapter 30 Analysis of Structure – Microscopy Chapter 31 Epilogue Chapter 32 Physical Constants PART VI: APPENDICES Appendix A Review of Mathematical Methods Appendix B Quantum Electrodynamics Appendix C The Pre-Socratic Roots of Modern Science Appendix D The Poisson Function Appendix E Assumptions of a Kinetic Theory of Ideal Gas Behavior Appendix F Determination of a Field from the Potential Appendix G Geometric Optics Appendix H The Compton Effect Appendix I Hamilton's Principle of Least Action/Fermat's Principle of Least Time Appendix J Energy of Interaction between ions Appendix K Derivation of the Statement, Qrev > Qirrev Appendix L Derivation of the Clausius-Clapeyron Equation Appendix M Derivation of the van't Hoff Equation for Osmotic Pressure Appendix N Pseudoforces Appendix O Work of charging and discharging a rigid sphere Appendix P Review of Electrical Circuits Appendix Q Fermi's Golden Rule Appendix R Adiabatic vs non-Adiabatic processes
£44.99
Royal Society of Chemistry Dense Ionic Fluids
Book SynopsisDiscover the complex structure, dynamics and behaviour of dense ionic fluids and how they interact with colloidal and biological systems.
£161.50
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Oberflächen- und Dünnschicht-Technologie: Teil I:
Book SynopsisTable of Contents1 Oberflächentechnologien — ein Überblick.- 1.1 Einleitung.- 1.2 Überblick über Beschichtungsmethoden und ihre Anwendungen.- 1.2.1 PVD-Prozesse.- 1.2.2 CVD-Prozesse.- 1.2.3 Plasmapolymerisation.- 1.2.4 Elektrochemische Abscheidung.- 1.2.5 Chemische Abscheidung.- 1.2.6 Thermische Spritzverfahren.- 1.2.7 Auftragschweißen.- 1.2.8 Plattier-Verfahren.- 1.2.9 Abscheidung aus der metallischen Schmelze.- 1.2.10 Abscheidung von Schichten aus organischen Polymeren.- 1.2.11 Schichtdickenbereiche und Aufwachsraten.- 1.3 Überblick über die Methoden zur Modifizierung der Randschicht.- 1.4 Zur Unterscheidung: dünne Schicht - dicke Schicht.- 1.5 Zum Aufbau des Buches.- 2 Haftfestigkeit und MikroStruktur der Schichten, Vorbehandlung der Substrate.- 2.1 Einleitung.- 2.2 Übergangs(Interface)-Zone zwischen Substrat und Schicht.- 2.2.1 Keimbildung und Schichtaufbau.- 2.2.2 Mechanischer Übergang.- 2.2.3 Monoschicht/Monoschicht-Übergang.- 2.2.4 Verbindungsübergang.- 2.2.5 Diffusionsübergang.- 2.2.6 Pseudodiffusionsübergang.- 2.3 MikroStruktur von PVD-Kondensaten.- 2.3.1 Strukturzonen-Modelle.- 2.3.2 Einfluß des Inertgasdruckes auf die Struktur.- 2.3.3 Einfluß des Ionenbombardements auf die Struktur.- 2.4 Inkorporation von Fremdatomen.- 2.5 Innere Spannungen in der Schicht.- 2.6 Haftfestigkeit der Schicht.- 2.7 Zeitliche Änderungen der Haftfestigkeit.- 2.8 Folgerungen in bezug auf die Vorbereitung der Substrate.- 2.8.1 Glas-und Oxidkeramik-Oberflächen als Substrate.- 2.8.1.1 Vorreinigung.- 2.8.1.2 Glimmentladungsreinigung.- 2.8.1.3 Sputterreinigung.- 2.8.1.4 Möglichkeiten zur Verbesserung der Haftfestigkeit.- 2.8.2 Metalloberflächen als Substrate.- 2.8.3 Organische Polymere als Substrate.- 3 Meß- und Prüftechnik von Oberflächen und dünnen Schichten.- 3.1. Messung der Schichtdicke und der Depositionsrate.- 3.1.1 Gravimetrische Methoden.- 3.1.1.1 Schwingquarz-Methode.- 3.1.1.2 Mikrowägung.- 3.1.1.3 Dosierte Massezufuhr.- 3.1.1.4 Quantitative Beschichtung.- 3.1.2 Optische Methoden.- 3.1.2.1 Photometer-Methode.- 3.1.2.2 Weitere optische Methoden.- 3.1.3 Direkte Meßmethoden.- 3.1.3.1 Stylus-Methode.- 3.1.3.2 Messung mit dem Licht-und dem Elektronenmikroskop.- 3.1.4 Auf der Messung elektrischer oder magnetischer Größen beruhende Methoden.- 3.1.4.1 Widerstandsmeßmethode.- 3.1.4.2 Kapazitätsmeßmethode.- 3.1.4.3 Wirbelstrommeßmethode.- 3.1.4.4 Coulometrische Meßmethode.- 3.1.4.5 Magnetische Meßmethode.- 3.1.4.6 Methode der Durchschlagspannung.- 3.1.4.7 Ultraschall-Impulsecho-Methode.- 3.1.5 Auf Teilchen-Wechselwirkungen beruhende Methoden.- 3.1.5.1 Verdampfungsrate-Monitor und optische Emissionsspektrometrie.- 3.1.5.2 Weitere auf Wechselwirkungen beruhende Methoden.- 3.2 Analyse der chemischen Zusammensetzung.- 3.2.1 Elektronenstrahl-Mikroanalyse (EPM).- 3.2.2 Auger-Elektronenspektroskopie (AES).- 3.2.3 Photoelektronenspektroskopie (ESCA).- 3.2.4 Sekundärionen-Massenspektrometrie (SIMS).- 3.2.5 Sekundär-Neutralteilchen-Massenspektrometrie (SNMS).- 3.2.6 Ionen-Streuspektroskopie (ISS).- 3.2.7 Rutherford-Rückstreuungsspektroskopie (RBS) und andere Hochenergiemethoden.- 3.2.8 Zur Anwendung der Oberflächenanalytik.- 3.3 Untersuchung der mikrogeometrischen und der kristallinen Struktur.- 3.4 Untersuchung physikalischer Eigenschaften der Schichten.- 3.5 Untersuchung mechanisch-technologischer Eigenschaften.- 3.5.1 Mikrohärte.- 3.5.2 Haftfestigkeit.- 3.5.3 Reibung und Verschleiß.- 3.5.4 Eigenspannungen.- 3.6 Funktionsorientierte Prüfverfahren.- 4 Plasmen in der Oberflächentechnologie.- 4.1 Einleitung.- 4.2 Erzeugung von Niederdruckplasmen.- 4.3 Plasmakenngrößen.- 4.3.1 Trägerdichte und Ionisierungsgrad.- 4.3.2 Elektronen-und Ionentemperatur.- 4.3.3 Mittlere freie Weglänge und Wirkungsquerschnitte.- 4.3.4 Stoßfrequenzen.- 4.3.5 Beweglichkeiten und Diffusionskoefílzienten.- 4.3.6 Elektrische Leitfähigkeit.- 4.3.7 Teilchenbewegung im Magnetfeld.- 4.4 Kollektive Phänomene.- 4.4.1 Kenngrößen.- 4.4.2 Raumladungsschichten und Ströme auf Elektroden im Plasma.- 4.4.3 Bestimmung der Plasmaparameter.- 4.5 Hochfrequenzentladungen und das Prinzip des HF-Sputterns.- 4.6 Reaktionen im Plasma.- 4.6.1 Volumenreaktionen.- 4.6.2 Oberflächenreaktionen.- 4.6.2.1 Reaktionen durch Ionenbombardement.- 4.6.2.2 Reaktionen durch Elektronenbombardement.- 5 Bedampfungstechniken.- 5.1 Einleitung.- 5.2 Grundlagen des Bedampfungsprozesses.- 5.2.1 Forderungen an den Restgasdruck.- 5.2.2 Zum Vakuumsystem.- 5.2.3 Verdampfungsrate und Dampfdruck.- 5.2.4 Räumliche Verteilung der Dampfstromdichte und Verteilung der Schichtdicke auf verschiedenen Substraten.- 5.2.5 Substratträger und Schichtdickengleichmäßigkeit.- 5.2.6 Aufdampfmaterialien.- 5.2.6.1 Chemische Elemente.- 5.2.6.2 Chemische Verbindungen.- 5.2.6.3 Legierungen, Mischungen.- 5.2.7 Spezielle Verfahren zur Erzielung von Schichten definierter Zusammensetzung.- 5.2.7.1 Mehrquellenverdampfung.- 5.2.7.2 Eintiegelverdampfung mit kontinuierlicher Materialnachlieferung.- 5.2.7.3 Flash-Verdampfung.- 5.2.7.4 Reaktive Bedampfung.- 5.2.7.5 Aktivierte reaktive Bedampfung.- 5.3 Verdampfungsquellen.- 5.3.1 Widerstandsheizung.- 5.3.1.1 Direkte Widerstandsheizung.- 5.3.1.2 Indirekte Widerstandsheizung.- 5.3.2 Induktive Heizung.- 5.3.3 Elektronenstrahlverdampfer.- 5.3.3.1 Verdampfer mit Transversal-Elektronenkanone.- 5.3.3.2 Verdampfer mit Axial-Elektronenkanone.- 5.3.4 Weitere Verdampfungsmethoden.- 5.3.5 Kontinuierliche Verdampfung.- 5.4 Automatische Pumpstand- und Verdampfungssteuerungen.- 5.5 Ausführungsformen von Beschickungsanlagen.- 5.6 Anwendungen.- 6 Sputtertechniken.- 6.1 Einleitung.- 6.2 Gesetzmäßigkeiten des Sputterprozesses.- 6.2.1 Sputtern von elementaren, polykristallinen Materialien.- 6.2.1.1 Sputterausbeute.- 6.2.1.2 Energie-und Winkelverteilung der abgestäubten Atome.- 6.2.1.3 Mechanismus des Sputterprozesses.- 6.2.2 Sputtern von Legierungen.- 6.2.3 Sputtern von Verbindungen.- 6.2.4 Reaktives Sputtern.- 6.3 Praktische Ausführung verschiedener Sputtertechniken.- 6.3.1 Planare Dioden mit Gleich-und HF-Spannung.- 6.3.2 Triodensystem mit fremderregtem Plasma.- 6.3.3 Magnetron-Sputtersysteme.- 6.3.3.1 Zylindrische Magnetrons mit elektrostatischem Plasmaeinschluß.- 6.3.3.2 Zylindrische Magnetrons mit magnetischem Plasmaeinschluß.- 6.3.3.3 Planare Magnetrons und Sputter-Gun-Magnetrons.- 6.3.3.4 Hochfrequenzbetriebene Magnetrons.- 6.3.4 Ionenstrahl-Sputtern.- 6.3.5 Sputtertargets.- 6.3.5.1 Herstellung der Targetmaterialien.- 6.3.5.2 Kühlung der Targets..- 6.3.5.3 Mit planaren Magnetrons erzielbare Depositionsraten.- 6.3.6 Sputteranlagen.- 6.3.7 Anwendungen der Sputtertechniken.- 6.3.7.1 Anwendungen in der Elektronikindustrie.- 6.3.7.2 Optische Anwendungen.- 6.3.7.3 Reibungsarme Schichten.- 6.3.7.4 Verschleißfeste harte Schichten.- 6.3.7.5 Dekorative Schichten.- 7 Ionenplattieren.- 7.1 Einleitung.- 7.2 Mechanismus des Ionenplattierens.- 7.2.1 Beispiel eines Ionenplattierprozesses.- 7.2.2 Wirkungen des Teilchenbombardements auf die Substratoberfläche.- 7.2.3 Bildung der Interfaceschicht unter dem Einfluß des Teilchenbombardements.- 7.2.4 Einflüsse des Teilchenbombardements auf die Struktur und andere Eigenschaften der Schichten.- 7.2.5 Reaktives Ionenplattieren (RIP).- 7.3 Ausfuhrungsformen von Ionenplattier-Anlagen.- 7.3.1 Ionenplattieren mit DC-Glimmentladung.- 7.3.2 Ionenplattieren im Hochvakuum mit separater Ionenquelle.- 7.3.3 Ionenplattieren mit HF-Entladung.- 7.3.4 Ionenplattieren mit Plasmastrom.- 7.3.5 Ionenplattieren mit Triodenanordnung.- 7.3.6 Ionenplattieren mit elektronenstrahl-induziertem Plasma.- 7.3.7 Ionenplattieren mit Magnetron-Sputtertarget.- 7.3.8 Ionenplattieren mit Hohlkathoden-Bogenentladung.- 7.3.9 Ionenplattieren mit Niedervolt-Bogenentladung.- 7.3.10 Ionenplattieren mit thermischem Bogen (Are-Verdampfung).- 7.3.11 Ionenplattieren mit Ionen-Cluster-Strahl.- 7.4 Anwendungen des Ionenplattierens.- 7.4.1 Verschleißschutzschichten auf Werkzeugen und Bauteilen.- 7.4.2 Minderung der Reibung von Metalloberflächen.- 7.4.3 Fügetechnik (Bonding).- 7.4.4 Korrosionsschutz.- 7.4.5 Anwendungen in der Elektronik.- 7.4.6 Optische Schichten.- 7.4.7 Dekorative, goldfarbene TiN-Schichten.- 8 Chemische Abscheidung aus der Gasphase: CVD-Verfahren.- 8.1 Das CVD-Verfahren.- 8.2 Theoretische Grundlagen.- 8.3 CVD-Reaktoren.- 8.4 Eigenschaften der CVD-Schichten.- 8.4.1 Interface-Zone und Struktur der Schichten.- 8.4.2 Duktilität, Sprödigkeit.- 8.4.3 Haftfestigkeit.- 8.4.4 Schichtdicke, Abscheidungsrate und Gleichmäßigkeit.- 8.4.5 Reibungs- und Verschleißverhalten.- 8.5 Anwendungen von CVD-Schichten.- 8.5.1 Verschleiß-Schutzschichten.- 8.5.1.1 Beschichtete Werkzeuge aus Hartmetall.- 8.5.1.2 Beschichtete Werkzeuge aus Stahl.- 8.5.1.3 Instrumentenlager und Wälzlager.- 8.5.1.4 Weitere Beispiele für Verschleißschutzschichten.- 8.5.2 Korrosions-Schutzschichten.- 8.5.3 Spezielle Werkstoffe und Bauelemente.- 8.5.3.1 Materialien für die Halbleitertechnologie.- 8.5.3.2 Pyrolithischer Graphit.- 8.5.3.3 Pyrolithischer Kohlenstoff.- 8.5.3.4 Kompositwerkstoffe.- 8.5.3.5 Mikrokugeln und durch CVD erzeugte Bauteile.- 8.5.3.6 Oberflächen mit dendritischer Struktur für die Energietechnik.- 8.5.4 Lichtwellenleiter.- 8.5.4.1 CVD-Abscheidung auf rotierendem Substratstab, OVPO-Prozeß.- 8.5.4.2 CVD-Abscheidung auf der Stirnfläche eines Quarzstabes, AD-Prozeß.- 8.5.4.3 CVD-Abscheidung auf der Innenfläche eines rotierenden Quarzrohres, MCVD-Prozeß.- 8.5.4.4 Varianten des MCVD-Prozesses.- 8.5.4.5 Faserziehtechnologie.- 8.5.4.6 Weitere Herstellungsverfahren von Lichtwellenleitern.- 9 Plasma-aktivierte chemische Dampfabscheidung (PACVD).- 9.1 Einleitung.- 9.2 Physikalische und chemische Grundlagen des PACVD-Prozesses.- 9.2.1 Das Plasma beim PACVD-Prozeß.- 9.2.2 Plasmachemische Reaktionen.- 9.2.3 Schichtwachstum.- 9.3 Praktische Ausführung von PACVD-Reaktoren.- 9.4 Ergebnisse und Anwendungen.- 9.4.1 Harter amorpher Kohlenstoff (a-C:H).- 9.4.2 Metall-Kohlenstoff-Schichten.- 9.4.3 Amorphes Silizium (a-Si).- 9.4.3.1 Passivierung der Strukturdefekte von a-Si.- 9.4.3.2 Präparation von a-Si:H.- 9.4.3.3 Dotierung von a-Si:H.- 9.4.3.4 Mikrokristallines Silizium µx-Si:H.- 9.4.3.5 Weitere Präpationsmethoden für Si-Schichten.- 9.4.3.6 Anwendungen der a-Si:H-Technologie.- 9.4.4 Siliziumnitrid.- 9.4.5 Siliziumoxid und Siliziumoxinitrid.- 9.4.6 Siliziumcarbid.- 9.4.7 Weitere durch PACVD darstellbare Materialien.- 9.4.8 Plasmadotieren.- 10 Plasmapolymerisation.- 10.1 Merkmale der Plasmapolymerisation.- 10.2 Reaktoren.- 10.3 Monomere ..- 10.4 Depositionsraten plasmapolymerisierter Schichten als Funktion der Prozeßparameter.- 10.5 Anlagen für die Plasmapolymerisation.- 10.6 Anwendungen der Plasmapolymerisation.- 10.6.1 Membrantechnik.- 10.6.1.1 Inverse Osmose.- 10.6.1.2 Gastrennung.- 10.6.1.3 Diffusionsbarrieren gegen Gasabgabe und Permeation.- 10.6.2 Optische Schichten.- 10.6.2.1 Schutzschichten auf Metallspiegeln für die Solartechnik.- 10.6.2.2 Antireflexschichten auf Plexiglas (PMMA).- 10.6.2.3 Antireflexschichten auf Fenstern von IR-Lasern.- 10.6.2.4 Lichtleiter für die integrierte Optik.- 10.6.3 Elektronik.- 10.6.3.1 Plasmapolymerisierte MMA-Filme für die Elektronenstrahllithographie.- 10.6.3.2 Schutzfilme für elektronische Bauelemente.- 10.6.3.3 Dünnschicht-Bauelemente.- 10.6.4 Kunststofftechnik.- 10.6.5 Biomedizinische Technik.- 10.6.6 Pharmazeutische Technik.- 11 Elektrochemische und chemische Verfahren zur Herstellung von Schichten.- 11.1 Überblick.- 11.2 Galvanische Abscheidung von Schichten.- 11.2.1 Abscheidung aus wässerigen Elektrolyten.- 11.2.1.1 Grundlagen.- 11.2.1.2 Die experimentellen Parameter.- 11.2.1.3 Struktur und Eigenschaften der Metallschichten.- 11.2.1.4 Zur Ausführung des galvanischen Prozesses.- 11.2.1.5 Anwendungen von galvanischen Metall- und Legierungsschichten.- 11.2.1.6 Diffusionsschichten.- 11.2.1.7 Galvanisch abgeschiedene Dispersionsschichten.- 11.2.1.8 Beschichtung durch eine Verdrängungsreaktion an der Kathode.- 11.2.2 Galvanische Abscheidung aus nichtwässerigen Elektrolyten.- 11.2.2.1 Galvanisches Aluminieren.- 11.2.2.2 Halbleitende Metallchalcogenide.- 11.2.3 Elektrolytische Abscheidung aus der Salzschmelze.- 11.2.3.1. Zur Ausführung des Prozesses.- 11.2.3.2 Eigenschaften der Schichten.- 11.2.3.3 Anwendungen der Abscheidung aus der Salzschmelze.- 11.2.4 Galvanoformung.- 11.3 Anodische Oxidation.- 11.3.1 Die auf Aluminium entstehende Sperrschicht.- 11.3.2 Die auf Aluminium entstehende Duplexschicht.- 11.3.3 Duplexschichten und ihre Eigenschaften.- 11.3.4 Aluminium-Hartoxid-Schichten.- 11.3.5 Anodische Oxidation weiterer Metalle.- 11.4 Elektrochemische Spezialverfahren.- 11.4.1 Elektrophorese.- 11.4.2 Elektrotauchlackierung.- 11.4.3 Elektropolieren.- 11.5 Chemische Herstellung von Schichten aus der Lösung.- 11.5.1 Chemisch-reduktive Abscheidung.- 11.5.1.1 Beschichten durch autokatalytische Reduktion (electroless plating).- 11.5.1.2 Anwendungen des außenstromlosen, autokatalytischen Beschichtens.- 11.5.1.3 Weitere chemisch-reduktive Beschichtungsverfahren.- 11.5.2 Beschichten durch Pyrolyse-Sprühverfahren.- 11.5.3 Chemische Umwandlung von Metalloberflächen durch Chromatieren und Phosphatieren.- 12 Thermische Spritzverfahren.- 12.1 Einleitung.- 12.2 Verfahren der thermischen Spritztechnik.- 12.2.1 Flammspritzverfahren.- 12.2.2 Detonationsspritzverfahren.- 12.2.3 Lichtbogenspritzverfahren.- 12.2.4 Plasmaspritzverfahren.- 12.2.5 Vakuum-Plasmaspritzverfahren (VPS).- 12.2.6 Weitere thermische Spritzverfahren.- 12.2.7 Substrate und ihre Vorbereitung.- 12.2.8 Werkstoffe für Spritzverfahren.- 12.3 Eigenschaften der thermisch gespritzten Schichten.- 12.3.1 Struktur der Schichten.- 12.3.2 Dichte und Porosität.- 12.3.3 Oberflächenbeschaffenheit.- 12.3.4 Haftfestigkeit und innere Spannungen.- 12.3.5 Härte und Duktilität.- 12.4 Anwendungen der thermischen Spritzverfahren.- 12.4.1 Schutzschichten gegen Verschleiß.- 12.4.2 Schutzschichten gegen Korrosion.- 12.4.3 Wärmebarrieren.- 12.4.4 Schutzschichten gegen Hochtemperaturkorrosion.- 12.4.5 Herstellung ganzer Bauteile durch Plasmaspritzen.- 12.4.6 Einlauf-und Anlaufschichten.- 12.4.7 Reparatur von Schichten und Bauteilen.- 12.4.8 Oberflächen mit besonderen Eigenschaften, hergestellt durch Plasma- und Vakuum-Plasmaspritzen.- 13 Auftragschweißen und Plattieren.- 13.1 Überblick.- 13.2 Verfahren des Auftragschweißens.- 13.2.1 Flammen-Auftragschweißen.- 13.2.2 Lichtbogen-Auftragschweißen.- 13.2.2.1 Wolfram-Inertgas (WIG)-Auftragschweißen.- 13.2.2.2 Metall-Inertgas(MIG)-Auftragschweißen.- 13.2.2.3 Metall-Aktivgas (MAG)-Auftragschweißen.- 13.2.2.4 Unter-Pulver (UP)-Auftragschweißen.- 13.2.3 Elektro-Schlacke(ES)-Auftragschweißen.- 13.2.4 Plasma-Auftragschweißen.- 13.2.4.1 Plasma-Pulver- und Plasma-MIG-Auftragschweißen.- 13.2.4.2 Plasma-Heißdraht-Auftragschweißen.- 13.2.5 Zur Auswahl des Schichtmaterials.- 13.2.6 Anwendungen des Auftragschweißens.- 13.2.6.1 Beschichten von Maschinenteilen.- 13.2.6.2 Schweißplattieren in der Halbzeugfertigung.- 13.3 Plattier-Verfahren.- 13.3.1 Gießplattieren.- 13.3.2 Walzplattieren.- 13.3.3 Sprengplattieren.- 13.3.4 Punktplattieren.- 13.3.5 Reibplattieren.- 13.3.6 Aluminothermisches Plattieren.- 14 Durch Schmelztauchen und Rascherstarrung erzeugte Metallschichten.- 14.1 Schmelztauchverfahren.- 14.1.1 Diskontinuierliches Schmelz tauchverfahren.- 14.1.2 Kontinuierliches Schmelztauchverfahren.- 14.1.3 Eigenschaften und Anwendungen von Schmelztauchüberzügen auf Stahlband und Feinblech.- 14.1.3.1 Zinküberzüge.- 14.1.3.2 Aluminiumüberzüge.- 14.1.3.3 Zinnüberzüge.- 14.1.3.4 Bleiüberzüge.- 14.1.3.5 Weitere Metallüberzüge.- 14.2 Rascherstarrung aus der Schmelze (liquid quenching).- 14.2.1 Herstellung metallischer Gläser.- 14.2.2 Eigenschaften und Anwendungen metallischer Gläser.- 14.2.3 Weitere Verfahren zur Erzeugung amorpher Metalle.- 15 Schichten aus organischen Polymeren und dispersen Systemen.- 15.1 Beschichtungsmaterialien.- 15.2 Mechanismen der Schichtbildung.- 15.3 Lösungsmittelarme Lacke.- 15.4 Anwendungen von Polymerschichten.- 15.4.1 Dekorative Schichten.- 15.4.2 Schutz vor Korrosion und Verwitterung.- 15.4.3 Reibungsarme Polymerschichten.- 15.4.4 Antistatische Polymerschichten.- 15.4.5 Elektrische Anwendungen.- 15.5 Vorbehandlung der Substrate.- 15.6 Beschichtungsverfahren.- 15.6.1 Mechanische Verfahren.- 15.6.1.1 Lackieren und Drucken.- 15.6.1.2 Siebdruck elektrischer Schaltungen.- 15.6.1.3 Tauch-, Spin- und Gießbeschichten.- 15.6.1.4 Laminieren von Polymerschichten.- 15.6.2 Thermische Verfahren.- 15.6.2.1 Extrusion aus der Schmelze.- 15.6.2.2 Fließbettbeschichten.- 15.6.3 Spritzverfahren.- 15.6.3.1 Mechanische Spritzverfahren.- 15.6.3.2 Elektrostatische Spritzverfahren.- 15.6.3.3 Thermische Spritzverfahren.- 15.6.4 Weitere Verfahren zur Herstellung polymerer Schichten.- 15.7 Anwendungen des Tauchverfahrens und des elektrostatischen Spritzens auch auf andere nichtmetallische Werkstoffe.- Tabellenanhang.- Physikalische Eigenschaften von Schichtmaterialien für verschiedene Beschichtungsprozesse und Hinweise auf Anwendungen.- A 1 Chemische Elemente als Schichtmaterialien für PVD- und CVD-Prozesse.- A 2 Anwendungen chemischer Elemente als Schichtmaterialien in der Elektronik, Optik und Oberflächenvergütung.- A 3 Fluoride als Schichtmaterialien für PVD-Prozesse und Anwendungen.- A 4 Oxide und Oxid-Verbindungen als Schichtmaterialien für PVD-, CVD-und Tauchprozesse und Anwendungen.- A 5 Nichtoxidische Chalcogenide und einige Halbleiter als Schichtmaterialien und deren technische Anwendungen.- A 6 Legierungen und Cermets als Schichtmaterialien für PVD-Prozesse.- A 7 Boride als Schichtmaterialien und deren Anwendungen.- A 8 Carbide als Schichtmaterialien und deren Anwendungen.- A 9 Nitride als Schichtmaterialien und deren Anwendungen.- A 10 Suicide als Schichtmaterialien und deren Anwendungen.- Literatur.
£999.99
Antoni Bosch Editor, S.A. Física para futuros presidentes: Tan importante
Book SynopsisFísica para futuros presidentes ofrece al lector la ciencia que hay detrás de los titulares: los peligros de la energía nuclear, los instrumentos de los terroristas o la realidad del cambio climático. Vivimos una época complicada y peligrosa. Es también una época súper técnica. Como ciudadanos del mundo tenemos que comprender verdaderamente (y no sólo dejarnos guiar por los expertos que hablan en televisión) si existen alternativas viables al petróleo, si conviene promover la energía nuclear, si estamos ante un cambio climático o si es probable que los terroristas desarrollen armas biológicas. Este libro describe, sin tecnicismos, la ciencia que ayuda a resolver estas preocupaciones. Incluso los lectores más instruidos se sorprenderán de la capacidad de la física para iluminar cuestiones tan transcendentales para nuestro futuro. El libro contiene información que es esencial para todo político –y todo ciudadano- del siglo XXI.
£21.68
