Philosophy: metaphysics and ontology Books

Book SynopsisHistoriographic reasoning from evidentiary inputs is sui generis. Historiography is neither empirical, nor self-knowledge, nor a genre of fiction or ideology. Historiographic reasoning is irreducible to general scientific or social science reasoning. The book applies Bayesian insights to explicate historiographic reasoning as probable. It distinguishes epistemic transmission of knowledge from evidence from the generation of detailed historiographic knowledge from multiple coherent and independent evidentiary inputs in three modular stages. A history of historiographic reasoning since the late 18th century demonstrates that there was a historiographic scientific revolution across the historical sciences in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The underdetermination of historiography by the evidence, counterfactual historiographic reasoning, and false reasoning and other fallacies are further explained and discussed in terms of the probabilistic relations between the evidence and historiography.

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Book SynopsisThis Element intends to contribute to the debate between Islam and science. It focuses on one of the most challenging issues in the modern discussion on the reconciliation of religious and scienti?c claims about the world, which is to think about divine causality without undermining the rigor and efficacy of the scienti?c method. First, the Element examines major Islamic accounts of causality. Then, it provides a brief overview of contemporary debates on the issue and identifies both scientific and theological challenges. It argues that any proposed Islamic account of causality for the task of reconciliation should be able to preserve scientific rigor without imposing a priori limits on scientific research, account for miracles without turning them into science-stoppers or metaphors, secure divine and creaturely freedom, and establish a strong sense of divine presence in the world. Following sections discuss strengths and weaknesses of each account in addressing these challenges.

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Book SynopsisWhat are we? What owns our thoughts and experiences? Are we anything at all? After an introduction, Section 2 assesses a ''no-bearer'' theory of experience, and the ''no-self'' contention that self-representations are about no real entity, before introducing a positive hypothesis about the objects of our self-representations: the ''animalist'' claim that we are biological organisms. Section 3 discusses the classic challenge to animalism that brain transplantation is something we could survive but no animal could survive. This challenge introduces positive alternatives to animalism, as well as animalist responses, including one which questions the assumption that psychology is irrelevant to organism persistence. Section 4 surveys a ''thinking parts'' problem and conjoined twinning and commisurotomy, also considered problematic for animalism. The interpretation of these cases revisits questions about bearers of experience, objects of self-representation, and the relation of biology and psychology. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

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Book SynopsisThis book defends the controversial view that Nietzsche is a metaphysician against a long-standing tendency to sever Nietzsche from metaphysical philosophy. Remhof presents a metametaphysical treatment of Nietzscheâs writings to show that for Nietzsche the questions, answers, methods, and subject matters of metaphysical philosophy are not only perfectly legitimate, but also crucial for understanding the world and our place within it. The book examines aspects of Nietzscheâs thought that have received little attention in the literature, including his view of what makes metaphysics possible; his metaphysics of science; his naturalized metaphysics; how he appeals to the intuitions of readers; how he employs a priori reasoning; how he uses metaphysical grounding explanations; and how metaphysics is intertwined with topics central to his philosophical thinking, including his understanding of becoming, ethics, nihilism, life, perspective, amor fati, and eternal recurr

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Book SynopsisThis volume provides a contemporary account of classical theism. It features 17 original essays from leading scholars that advance the discussion of classical theism in new and interesting directions. Itâs safe to say that classical theismâthe view that God is simple, omniscient, and the greatest possible beingâis no longer the assumed view in analytic philosophy of religion. It is often dismissed as being rooted in outdated metaphysical systems of the sort advanced by ancient and medieval philosophers. The main purpose of this volume is twofold: to provide a contemporary account of what classical theism is and to advance the scholarly discussion about classical theism. In Section I, the contributors offer a clear and cutting-edge account of the nature and existence of the God and the historical and theological foundations of classical theism. Section II contains chapters on a variety of topics, such as whether classical theismâs doctrine of simplicity needs revision, whether

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Book SynopsisSexual orientation and how we might understand it is a topic that arouses significant controversy. Is sexual orientation a natural or social phenomenon? Are categories such as 'queer' and 'straight' essential to the human condition or dependent on contingent cultural practices? Whilst such questions have been considered from the perspectives of sociology and gender studies, they remain relatively underexplored from a philosophical standpoint.In this book, Matthew Andler breaks new ground examining the metaphysics of sexuality. Distinguishing sexual orientation and sexual identity, he asks why only certain aspects of sexuality count as sexual orientations, arguing that sexual dispositions can only become sexual orientations in virtue of being related to heteropatriarchal kinship structures.He then turns to sexual identity, arguing that the categories âqueerâ and âstraightâ are grounded in the political function of sexuality cultures as resisting and/or entrenching heter

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Book SynopsisThis book discusses various aspects of God's causal activity. Traditional theology has long held that God acts in the world and interrupts the normal course of events by performing special acts. Although the tradition is unified in affirming that God does create, conserve, and act, there is much disagreement about the details of divine activity. The chapters in this book fruitfully explore these disagreements about divine causation.The chapters are divided into two sections. The first explores historical views of divine causal activity from the Pre-Socratics to Hume. The second section addresses a variety of contemporary issues related to God's causal activity. These chapters include defenses of the possibility of special acts of God, proposals of models of divine causation, and analyses of divine conservation.Philosophical Essays on Divine Causation will be of interest to researchers and graduate students working in philosophy of religion, philosophicTrade Review"Divine causation and divine agency are crucially important topics in theology and philosophy of religion, and Ganssle’s collection provides both excellent discussions of key historical views and some important proposals on contemporary controversies. Highly recommended for both philosophers of religion and theologians." – William Hasker, Huntington University, USATable of ContentsIntroductionGregory E. Ganssle1. Divine Causal Agency in Classical Greek PhilosophyDonald J. Zeyl2. Divine Causality according to Neo-PlatonismPhillip S. Cary3. Aquinas on Divine Causality W. Matthews Grant4. Three Competing Views of God’s Causation of Creaturely Actions: Aquinas, Scotus and OliviGloria Frost5. Durand and Suarez on Divine CausationJacob Tuttle6. Descartes on Voluntary Action and Universal ConservationJoel Archer and C. P. Ragland7. Leibniz on Divine Causation: Continuous Creation and Concurrence Without Occasionalism Julia Jorati8. Berkeley on Divine Human Agency: A Teleological ReconstrualJames S. Spiegel9. What Hume didn’t Notice about Divine Causation Timothy Yenter10. Defending Special Divine ActsRobert A. Larmer11. Divine Sustaining Causes and the Mind-Body ProblemAngus J. L. Menuge12. Neo-Aristotelian Accounts of Divine CreationPaul M. Gould13. Theistic Conferralism: Consolidating Divine sustenance and Trope Theory Robert K. Garcia14. The Timing of Divine Conservation: Pushes, Nudges, and Merry-go-roundsDavid Vander Laan15. Divine Causation and the Pairing ProblemGregory E. Ganssle

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Book SynopsisWhat do philosophy and computer science have in common? It turns out, quite a lot!In providing an introduction to computer science (using Python), Daniel Lim presents in this book key philosophical issues, ranging from external world skepticism to the existence of God to the problem of induction. These issues, and others, are introduced through the use of critical computational concepts, ranging from image manipulation to recursive programming to elementary machine learning techniques. In illuminating some of the overlapping conceptual spaces of computer science and philosophy, Lim teaches readers fundamental programming skills and allows them to develop the critical thinking skills essential for examining some of the enduring questions of philosophy.Key Features Teaches readers actual computer programming, not merely ideas about computers Includes fun programming projects (like digital image manipulation and Game of Life simulation)Trade Review"Philosophy and computer science have fascinating interconnections concerning knowledge, reality, and morality. With clarity and insight, Daniel Lim’s book provides an excellent introduction to computing and philosophical investigation. He valuably shows how philosophical arguments and computer programs can combine to address deep questions about thinking and the world."Paul Thagard, University of Waterloo, Canada Table of ContentsPreface 1: Philosophy and Computer Science 2: Python 3: Algorithms 4: Logic 5: Iteration 6: Image Manipulation 7: Skepticism 8: Functions 9: Mind 10: Game of Life 11: Free Will 12: Recursion 13: God 14: Data 15: Machine Learning 16: Induction 17: AI Ethics 18. Solutions Appendix

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Book SynopsisThis book is an introduction to metaphysics. It presupposes no previous acquaintance with philosophy, and addresses the following questions: What is metaphysics? Is there a plurality of things, or is there only one thing? Is there an external world, a world of things that exist independently of human thought and sensation? What is time? Is there such a thing as objective truth? Why is there something rather than nothing? Does our existence have a meaning? Are we physical or non-physical beings? Do we have free will? Are there things that do not exist? Do universals exist?This Fifth Edition differs from the Fourth in that the long, previously difficult chapter on time has been extensively rewritten, making it much more accessible and engaging for the student reader. In addition, the author has enhanced clarity throughout the text with improvements to word choice, sentence structure, and paragraph lucidity. Finally, the Notes and Suggestions for Further Reading atTable of ContentsPreface to the Fifth Edition 1. Introduction Part I: The Way the World is 2. Individuality 3. Externality 4. Temporality 5. Objectivity Part II: Why the World is 6. Necessary Being: The Ontological Argument 7. Necessary Being: The Cosmological Argument Part III: The Inhabitants of the World 8. What Rational Beings Are There? 9. The Place of Rational beings in the World: Design and Purpose 10. The Nature of Rational Beings: Dualism and Physicalism 11. The Nature of Rational Beings: Dualism and Personal Identity 12. The Powers of Rational Beings: Freedom of the Will 13. Concluding Meditation Coda: Being

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Book SynopsisThe book seeks to explore ways in which education research, policy and practice ought to be re-thought and re-enacted under present bio-political predicaments. It brings together scholars working in the intersections of education for sustainable development, philosophy of education and curriculum theory who contribute original and radical analyses of education in an increasingly unpredictable and unintelligible world.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), humanity is closer to irreversible tipping points that, once reached will lead to accelerating transformations that will drastically change life on earth during the coming decades. Responses from education studies to these precarious social-ecological conditions range from pointing out necessary ways forward for education grounded in human accountability, responsibility, justice, ethics, and care; to dark ecology-oriented interventions unnerving the very premises that education relies on. When eduTable of ContentsIntroduction: Education for sustainable development in the ‘Capitalocene’ 1. Strange loops, oedipal logic, and an apophatic ecology: Reimagining critique in environmental education 2. The Holocene Simulacrum 3. Education after the end of the world. How can education be viewed as a hyperobject? 4. Catastrophe or apocalypse? The anthropocenologist as pedagogue 5. From “education for sustainable development” to “education for the end of the world as we know it” 6. Spiritual education for a post-capitalist society 7. Ilyenkov’s ideal: Can we bank on it? 8. Education, sustainable or otherwise, as simulacra: A symphony of Baudrillard

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Book SynopsisMedieval debates over divine creation are systematically obscured in our age by the conflict between Intelligent Design Creationists and Evolutionists. The present investigation cuts through the web of contemporary conflicts to examine problems seated at the heart of medieval talk about creation.

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Book SynopsisFrom David Humeâs famous puzzle about the missing shade of blue, to current research into the science of colour, the topic of colour is an incredibly fertile region of study and debate, cutting across philosophy of mind, epistemology, metaphysics, and aesthetics, as well as psychology. Debates about the nature of our experience of colour and the nature of colour itself are central to contemporary discussion and argument in philosophy of mind and psychology, and philosophy of perception.This outstanding Handbook contains 29 specially commissioned contributions by leading philosophers and examines the most important aspects of philosophy of colour. It is organized into six parts: The Importance of Colour to Philosophy The Science and Spaces of Colour Colour Phenomena Colour Ontology Colour Experience and Epistemology Language, Categories, and Thought. The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Colour is essential reading for students and researchers in philosophy of mind and psychology, epistemology, metaphysics, and aesthetics, as well as for those interested in conceptual issues in the psychology of colour.Table of ContentsIntroduction to the Philosophy of Colour Derek H. Brown and Fiona Macpherson Part I: The Importance of Colour to Philosophy 1. Colour, Colour Experience, and the Mind-Body Problem Brian P. McLaughlin 2. Colour, Scepticism, and Epistemology Duncan Pritchard and Christopher Ranalli 3. Philosophy of Science Mazviita Chirimuuta 4. Truth, Vagueness, and Semantics Diana Raffman 5. The Logic of Colour Concepts Frederik Gierlinger and Jonathan Westphal 6. Colour and the Arts: Chromatic Perspectives John Kulvicki 7. The Analogy Between Colour and Value Joshua Gert Part II: Interlude: The Science and Spaces of Colour 8. The Science of Colour and Colour Vision Alex Byrne and David R. Hilbert 9. Colour Spaces David Briggs Part III: Colour Phenomena 10. Unique Hues and Colour Experience Mohan Matthen 11. Novel Colour Experiences and their Implications Fiona Macpherson 12. Colour Synaesthesia and Its Philosophical Implications Berit Brogaard 13. Spectrum Inversion Peter W. Ross 14. Interspecies Variations Keith Allen 15. Colour Illusion Michael Watkins 16. Colour Constancy Derek H. Brown Part IV: Colour Ontology 17. Objectivist Reductionism Alex Byrne and David R. Hilbert 18. Primitivist Objectivism Joshua Gert 19. Colour Relationalism Jonathan Cohen 20. Monism and Pluralism Mark Eli Kalderon 21. Mentalist Approaches to Colour Howard Robinson 22. Eliminativism Wayne Wright Part V: Colour Experience and Epistemology 23. How Does Colour Experience Represent the World? Adam Pautz 24. Indirect Realism Barry Maund 25. Does That Which Makes the Sensation of Blue a Mental Fact Escape Us? John Campbell 26. Colour Experiences and ‘Look’ Sentences Wylie Breckenridge Part VI: Language, Categories, and Thought 27. Colour, Colour Language, and Culture Don Dedrick 28. Colour Categorization and Categorical Perception Robert Briscoe 29. Cognitive Penetration and the Perception of Colour Dustin Stokes. Index

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisDesigned for intermediate to advanced students, this edition of Kant's Metaphysics of Morals contains a lightly revised version of Mary Gregor's highly regarded translation. Readers' understanding and engagement are facilitated by its informative and accessible introduction, extensive further reading essay, and translation and editorial notes.Table of ContentsIntroduction Lara Denis; Chronology Lara Denis; Further reading Lara Denis; Translator's note on the text Mary Gregor; The Metaphysics of Morals: Part I. Metaphysical First Principles of the Doctrine of Right; 1. Private right; 2. Public right; Part II. Metaphysical First Principles of the Doctrine of Virtue: 1. Doctrine of the elements of ethics; 2. Doctrine of the methods of ethics; Index.

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Book SynopsisHegel's doctrines of absolute negativity and 'the Concept' are among his most original contributions to philosophy and they constitute the systematic core of dialectical thought. Brady Bowman explores the interrelations between these doctrines, their implications for Hegel's critical understanding of classical logic and ontology, natural science and mathematics as forms of 'finite cognition', and their role in developing a positive, 'speculative' account of consciousness and its place in nature. As a means to this end, Bowman also re-examines Hegel's relations to Kant and pre-Kantian rationalism, and to key post-Kantian figures such as Jacobi, Fichte and Schelling. His book draws from the breadth of Hegel's writings to affirm a robustly metaphysical reading of the Hegelian project, and will be of great interest to students of Hegel and of German Idealism more generally.Table of ContentsIntroduction. 'A completely altered view of logic'; 1. The Hegelian concept, absolute negativity, and the transformation of philosophical critique; 2. Hegel's complex relationship to 'pre-Kantian' metaphysics; 3. Hegelian skepticism and the 'idealism of the finite'; 4. Skeptical implications for the foundations of natural science; 5. The methodology of finite cognition and the ideal of mathematical rigor; 6. 'Die Sache Selbst' - absolute negativity and Hegel's speculative logic of content; 7. Absolute negation and the history of logic.

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Book SynopsisJohn Duns Scotus is commonly recognized as one of the most original thinkers of medieval philosophy. His influence on subsequent philosophers and theologians is enormous and extends well beyond the limits of the Middle Ages. His thought, however, might be intimidating for the non-initiated, because of the sheer number of topics he touched on and the difficulty of his style. The eleven essays collected here, especially written for this volume by some of the leading scholars in the field, take the reader through various topics, including Duns Scotus''s intellectual environment, his argument for the existence of God, and his conceptions of modality, order, causality, freedom, and human nature. This volume provides a reliable point of entrance to the thought of Duns Scotus while giving a snapshot of some of the best research that is now being done on this difficult but intellectually rewarding thinker.Table of ContentsIntroduction; 1. John Duns Scotus's life in context Stephen D. Dumont; 2. The modal framework of Duns Scotus's argument for the existence of a first cause Richard Cross; 3. Duns Scotus on essential order in De primo principio and elsewhere Thomas M. Ward; 4. Duns Scotus on how God causes the created will's volitions Gloria Frost; 5. Duns Scotus on free will and human agency Martin Pickavé; 6. Duns Scotus on the dignities of human nature Marylin McCord Adams; 7. Duns Scotus on matter and form Cecilia Trifogli; 8. Duns Scotus, intuitionism, and the third sense of 'natural law' Thomas Williams; 9. The bound of sense – adequacy and abstraction in the later works of Duns Scotus Wouter Goris; 10. Before univocity – Duns Scotus's rejection of analogy Giorgio Pini; 11. Analogy after Duns Scotus: the role of the analogia entis in the Scotist metaphysics at Barcelona, 1320–1330 Garrett R. Smith.

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Book SynopsisThis book offers translations of early critical reactions to Kant''s account of free will. Spanning the years 1784-1800, the translations make available, for the first time in English, works by little-known thinkers including Pistorius, Ulrich, Heydenreich, Creuzer and others, as well as familiar figures including Reinhold, Fichte and Schelling. Together they are a testimony to the intense debates surrounding the reception of Kant''s account of free will in the 1780s and 1790s, and throw into relief the controversies concerning the coherence of Kant''s concept of transcendental freedom, the possibility of reconciling freedom with determinism, the relation between free will and moral imputation, and other arguments central to Kant''s view. The volume also includes a helpful introduction, a glossary of key terms and biographical details of the critics, and will provide a valuable foundation for further research on free will in post-Kantian philosophy.Trade Review'This is a fine collection that will help students and scholars understand the intricacies of Kant's multifaceted theory of freedom. When we see how Kant's own contemporaries debated some of the same interpretive and philosophical issues that we debate today, we get insight into the enduring appeal of Kant's approach. No philosopher before or since offered an examination of freedom as complicated and yet rewarding as Kant's, and here we can see his own contemporaries clashing over what Kant meant and how we humans are or are not free.' Frederick Rauscher, Michigan State UniversityTable of ContentsNote on the Edition and Translation; List of Abbreviations; Historical and Systematic Introduction; Chronology of the Translated Texts and Kant's Major Works; Part I. Freedom and Determinism: 1. Hermann Andreas Pistorius [Review:] 'Elucidations of Professor Kant's 'Critique of Pure Reason' by Joh. Schulze, Royal Prussian Court Chaplain. Königsberg: Dengel, 1784. 8, 254 pages.' 1786; 2. Johann August Heinrich Ulrich, Eleutheriology or On Freedom and Necessity, Jena 1788; 3. Christian Wilhelm Snell, On Determinism and Moral Freedom, Offenbach, 1789; 4. August Ludwig Christian Heydenreich, On Freedom and Determinism and their Compatibility, Erlangen 1793; Part II. Freedom and Imputability: 5. Carl Christian Erhard Schmid, Lexicon for the Easier Use of the Kantian Writings, 1788 (2nd Edition); 6. Carl Christian Erhard Schmid, Attempt at a Moral Philosophy, Jena 1790; 7. Johann Christoph Schwab, 'On the Two Kinds of I, and the Concept of Freedom in Kant's Ethics' Philosophisches Archiv 1(1) (1792), 69–80; 8. Johann Christoph Schwab, 'On Intelligible Fatalism in the Critical Philosophy' Philosophisches Archiv 2(2) (1794), 26–33; 9. Karl Leonhard Reinhold, Contributions to the Correction of Previous Misunderstandings of Philosophers: Volume II Concerning the Foundation of Philosophical Knowledge, Metaphysics, Ethics, Moral Religion, and Doctrine of Taste, Jena 1794; Part III: Freedom and Consciousness; 10. Ludwig Heinrich von Jakob, 'On Freedom', Berlin 1788; 11. Karl Heinrich Heydenreich, 'On Moral Freedom' Betrachtungen über die Philosophie der natürlichen Religion, Zweiter Band, Leipzig 1791, 56–69; 12. Johann Heinrich Abicht, 'On the Freedom of the Will' Neues Philosophisches Magazin. Ed. by J.H. Abicht and F.G. Born. Leipzig 1789. Vol. 1. Part I (III), 64–85; Part IV. Freedom and Skepticism: Leonhard Creuzer, Skeptical Reflections on Freedom of the Will with Respect to the Most Recent Theories on the Same, Giessen 1793; 13.Friedrich Carl Forberg, On the Grounds and Laws of Free Actions, Jena and Leipzig, 1795; 14. Johann Gottlieb Fichte, [Review:] 'Skeptical Reflections on Freedom of the Will with Respect to the Most Recent Theories on the Same by Leonhard Creuzer, 1793' ALZ 303 (1793), col. 201–205; 15. Salomon Maimon, 'The Moral Skeptic'; 16. Berlinisches Archiv der Zeit und ihres Geschmacks Volume II (1800), pp. 271–292; Part V. Freedom and Choice: Immanuel Kant, Preliminary Notes and Reflections to the Introduction to the Metaphysics of Morals (before 1797); 17. Immanuel Kant, Introduction to the Metaphysics of Morals, 1797; 18. Karl Leonhard Reinhold, 'Some Remarks on the Concept of the Freedom of the Will, posed by I. Kant in the Introduction to the Metaphysical Foundations of the Doctrine of Right', 1797 Auswahl vermischter Schriften Volume II, Jena 1797, 364–400; 19. Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, 'General Overview of the Most Recent Philosophical Literature' Philosophisches Journal, Vol. 7/2, Jena and Leipzig, 1797, 105–186; Appendix: Biographical Sketches.

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Book SynopsisThe first collection of essays dedicated to Roman linguistic naturalism, a major but under-studied area of Roman linguistic and philosophical thought. Brings together an international group of experts to consider naturalism in a wide variety of ancient authors including Cicero, Varro, Nigidius, Posidonius, and Dionysius of Halicarnassus.Table of ContentsIntroduction: first thoughts on language and nature Giuseppe Pezzini and Barnaby Taylor; 1. Posidonius' linguistic naturalism and its philosophical pedigree Alexander Verlinsky; 2. Lucilius on Latin spelling, grammar and usage Anna Chahoud; 3. Nigidius Figulus' naturalism: between grammar and philosophy Alessandro Garcea; 4. Naturalism in morphology: Varro on derivation and inflection Wolfgang D. C. De Melo; 5. What's Hecuba to him? Varro on the natural kinship of things and of words David Blank; 6. Linguistic naturalism in Cicero's Academica Tobias Reinhardt; 7. Linguistic naturalism and natural style: from Varro and Cicero to Dionysius of Halicarnassus Casper C. de Jonge; 8. Natural law and natural language in the first century BCE James Zetzel.

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Book SynopsisThis book makes lesser-known philosophical texts on freedom of the will after Kant available in English for the first time, and will provide a valuable foundation for further research on free will in post-Kantian philosophy.Trade Review'This is a fine collection that will help students and scholars understand the intricacies of Kant's multifaceted theory of freedom. When we see how Kant's own contemporaries debated some of the same interpretive and philosophical issues that we debate today, we get insight into the enduring appeal of Kant's approach. No philosopher before or since offered an examination of freedom as complicated and yet rewarding as Kant's, and here we can see his own contemporaries clashing over what Kant meant and how we humans are or are not free.' Frederick Rauscher, Michigan State UniversityTable of ContentsNote on the Edition and Translation; List of Abbreviations; Historical and Systematic Introduction; Chronology of the Translated Texts and Kant's Major Works; Part I. Freedom and Determinism: 1. Hermann Andreas Pistorius [Review:] 'Elucidations of Professor Kant's 'Critique of Pure Reason' by Joh. Schulze, Royal Prussian Court Chaplain. Königsberg: Dengel, 1784. 8, 254 pages.' 1786; 2. Johann August Heinrich Ulrich, Eleutheriology or On Freedom and Necessity, Jena 1788; 3. Christian Wilhelm Snell, On Determinism and Moral Freedom, Offenbach, 1789; 4. August Ludwig Christian Heydenreich, On Freedom and Determinism and their Compatibility, Erlangen 1793; Part II. Freedom and Imputability: 5. Carl Christian Erhard Schmid, Lexicon for the Easier Use of the Kantian Writings, 1788 (2nd Edition); 6. Carl Christian Erhard Schmid, Attempt at a Moral Philosophy, Jena 1790; 7. Johann Christoph Schwab, 'On the Two Kinds of I, and the Concept of Freedom in Kant's Ethics' Philosophisches Archiv 1(1) (1792), 69–80; 8. Johann Christoph Schwab, 'On Intelligible Fatalism in the Critical Philosophy' Philosophisches Archiv 2(2) (1794), 26–33; 9. Karl Leonhard Reinhold, Contributions to the Correction of Previous Misunderstandings of Philosophers: Volume II Concerning the Foundation of Philosophical Knowledge, Metaphysics, Ethics, Moral Religion, and Doctrine of Taste, Jena 1794; Part III: Freedom and Consciousness; 10. Ludwig Heinrich von Jakob, 'On Freedom', Berlin 1788; 11. Karl Heinrich Heydenreich, 'On Moral Freedom' Betrachtungen über die Philosophie der natürlichen Religion, Zweiter Band, Leipzig 1791, 56–69; 12. Johann Heinrich Abicht, 'On the Freedom of the Will' Neues Philosophisches Magazin. Ed. by J.H. Abicht and F.G. Born. Leipzig 1789. Vol. 1. Part I (III), 64–85; Part IV. Freedom and Skepticism: Leonhard Creuzer, Skeptical Reflections on Freedom of the Will with Respect to the Most Recent Theories on the Same, Giessen 1793; 13.Friedrich Carl Forberg, On the Grounds and Laws of Free Actions, Jena and Leipzig, 1795; 14. Johann Gottlieb Fichte, [Review:] 'Skeptical Reflections on Freedom of the Will with Respect to the Most Recent Theories on the Same by Leonhard Creuzer, 1793' ALZ 303 (1793), col. 201–205; 15. Salomon Maimon, 'The Moral Skeptic'; 16. Berlinisches Archiv der Zeit und ihres Geschmacks Volume II (1800), pp. 271–292; Part V. Freedom and Choice: Immanuel Kant, Preliminary Notes and Reflections to the Introduction to the Metaphysics of Morals (before 1797); 17. Immanuel Kant, Introduction to the Metaphysics of Morals, 1797; 18. Karl Leonhard Reinhold, 'Some Remarks on the Concept of the Freedom of the Will, posed by I. Kant in the Introduction to the Metaphysical Foundations of the Doctrine of Right', 1797 Auswahl vermischter Schriften Volume II, Jena 1797, 364–400; 19. Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, 'General Overview of the Most Recent Philosophical Literature' Philosophisches Journal, Vol. 7/2, Jena and Leipzig, 1797, 105–186; Appendix: Biographical Sketches.

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Book SynopsisScholarly debates on the Critique of Pure Reason have largely been shaped by epistemological questions. Challenging this prevailing trend, Kant''s Reform of Metaphysics is the first book-length study to interpret Kant''s Critique in view of his efforts to turn Christian Wolff''s highly influential metaphysics into a science. Karin de Boer situates Kant''s pivotal work in the context of eighteenth-century German philosophy, traces the development of Kant''s conception of critique, and offers fresh and in-depth analyses of key parts of the Critique of Pure Reason, including the Transcendental Deduction, the Schematism Chapter, the Appendix to the Transcendental Analytic, and the Architectonic. The book not only brings out the coherence of Kant''s project, but also reconstructs the outline of the ''system of pure reason'' for which the Critique was to pave the way, but that never saw the light.Trade Review'De Boer has succeeded in writing a much-needed account of Kant's critical philosophy as the salvation - not the destruction - of metaphysics, correcting the epistemological focus of over a century of Kant scholarship. Her illuminating rereading in light of the metaphysics of Wolff and Baumgarten and her scrupulous reconstruction of the system of pure reason that Kant intended but never completed makes this book essential reading for anybody interested in Kant's philosophy.' Paul Franks, Yale University'De Boer shows in detail how Kant's Critical aim was to reform metaphysics as a system, not to reject it altogether. An especially valuable feature of her discussion is its focus on Kant's concern with Wolff's philosophy and the meta-metaphysical question of how metaphysics as a science of pure reason is possible at all.' Karl Ameriks, University of Notre Dame'By contextualizing Kant's Critique of Pure Reason against the background of Wolffian philosophy, de Boer innovatively argues that Kant's Critique should be interpreted as a reform (rather than simply a destruction) of traditional metaphysics. In the course of her overall argument, de Boer helps further our understanding of 18th-century figures like Wolff and Baumgarten, while also casting new light on aspects of Kant's own thought. De Boer's book should appeal both to scholars of Kant's theoretical philosophy and historians of 18th-century philosophical thought more generally.' Reed Winegar, Fordham University'I highly recommend Kant's Reform of Metaphysics. De Boer has written an exemplary work of contemporary Kant scholarship.' J. Colin McQuilla, Journal of the History of PhilosophyTable of Contents1. Wolff, Crusius, and Kant; 2. The “Thorny Paths of Critique”; 3. Ontology, Metaphysics, and Transcendental Philosophy; 4. Things in Themselves, Transcendental Objects, and Monads; 5. The 1781 Transcendental Deduction of the Pure Concepts of the Understanding; 6. The Schematism of the Pure Understanding; 7. Transcendental Reflection; 8. Kant's Projected System of Pure Reason; Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisThis Element provides a somewhat comprehensive interpretation of general relativity, a description of what reality would be like if the theory were true. This concerns (i) what possibilities it represents, (ii) the internal structure of those possibilities and their interrelations, and, to some extent, (iii) how those possibilities differ from what''s come before. By providing an interpretive foil that one can amplify or amend, it aspires to shape the research agenda in the foundations of general relativity for established philosophers of physics, graduate students searching for work in these topics, and other interested academics. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

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Book SynopsisIn this book, Vasilis Politis argues that Plato's Forms are essences, not merely things that have an essence. Politis shows that Plato's essentialism is a well-argued, rigorous and coherent theory, and a viable competitor to Aristotelian essentialism.Table of ContentsIntroduction; 1. Why Cannot the ti esti Question Be Answered by Example and Exemplar? Hippias Major; 2. Why Cannot Essences, or Forms, be Perceived by the Senses? Hippias Major. Phaedo. Republic; 3. Why are Essences, or Forms, Unitary, Uniform and Non-Composite? Why are they Changeless? Eternal? Are they Logically Independent of Each Other? Phaedo and Republic; 4. The Relation between Knowledge and Enquiry in the Phaedo; 5. Why are Essences, or Forms, Distinct from Sense-Perceptible Things? Phaedo 74 and Republic V. 478–479; 6. Why are Essences, or Forms, the Basis of all Causation and Explanation? Phaedo 95–105; 7. What is the Role of Essences, or Forms, in Judgements about Sense-Perceptible and Physical Things? Republic VII. 523–525; 8. Why does Thinking of Things Require Essences, or Forms? Parmenides; 9. Why are Essences, or Forms, Separate from Physical Things? Also Timaeus and Philebus; 10. What Yokes Together Mind and World? Phaedo 99–100 and Republic VI. 505–509; Conclusion: Forms Simply are Essences, not Things that have Essences.

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Book SynopsisExploring the Philosophy of Death and Dying: Classical and Contemporary Perspectives is the first book to offer students the full breadth of philosophical issues that are raised by the end of life. Included are many of the essential voices that have contributed to the philosophy of death and dying throughout history and in contemporary research. The 38 chapters in its nine sections contain classic texts (by authors such as Epicurus, Hume, Nietzsche, and Schopenhauer) and new short argumentative essays, specially commissioned for this volume, by world-leading contemporary experts. Exploring the Philosophy of Death and Dying introduces students to both theoretical issues (whether we can survive death, whether death is truly bad for us, whether immortality would be desirable, etc.) and urgent practical issues (the ethics of suicide, the value of grief, the appropriate medical criteria for declaring death, etc.) raised by human mortality, enablingTrade Review"The scholarship, originality, variety, and pedagogical intelligence of Exploring the Philosophy of Death and Dying are outstanding to the point that a disclaimer seems in order: do not underestimate this book….. Cholbi and Timmerman have achieved the book’s compact package of breadth and depth without compromising on the completeness or clarity of the analyses and arguments. Put bluntly, it would be entirely inaccurate and unfortunate to mistake this anthology as an ad hoc "hot-topic" quick hook for undergraduates. Much to their credit, Cholbi and Timmerman have used their expertise as scholars and teachers to create an anthology that respects its subject and reader alike such that the real hook of Exploring the Philosophy of Death and Dying is not the topic but philosophy itself."Review in Teaching Philosophy by Susan Mills (MacEwan University)"The areas of death, immortality, meaning in life, and related issues are hot topics in contemporary philosophy. Once the domain only of European philosophers, especially the existentialists, in the last few decades Anglo-American analytic philosophers have jumped in. This book is an excellent introduction to the best work on these interrelated issues. The editors have done an outstanding job of selecting authors who know their stuff and write very accessibly. This book would be perfect for an undergraduate class, and it would also be invaluable to anyone interested in learning the lay of the philosophical land in this lively area of historical and contemporary interest. The book shows how philosophy engages with issues of deep human interest."John Martin Fischer, Distinguished Professor of Philosophy, University of California, Riverside"This splendid collection is distinctive in many ways. The essays address issues that really matter to us, such as whether it is bad to die, and if so, why, whether we might survive death, and whether the inevitability of death undermines meaning in our lives. Although most of the essays were written by contemporary philosophers for this collection, there are also judicious selections from classic writings in the history of philosophy, including works by ancient Greek and Roman philosophers and works from Eastern traditions as well. Those who are haunted in one way or another by the specter of death, as most of us are, will find much careful argument, as well as some genuine wisdom in these pages."Jeff McMahan, White’s Professor of Moral Philosophy, University of Oxford Table of ContentsPART I When Do We Die? 1 Defining Death: A Report on the Medical, Legal and Ethical Issues in the Determination of Death (Excerpt) 2 Defining Death in a Technological World: Why Brain Death Is Death 3 We Die When Entropy Overwhelms Homeostasis 4 What It Is to Die PART II Can We Survive Our Death? 5 The Tragic Sense of Life (Excerpts) 6 Can We Survive Our Deaths? 7 The Possibility of an Afterlife PART III Can Death Be Good or Bad for Us? If So, When Is It Good or Bad for Us? 8 Letter to Menoeceus 9 Two Arguments for Epicureanism 10 Why Death Is Not Bad for the One Who Dies 11 Death Is Bad for Us When We’re Dead 12 Making Death Not Quite as Bad for the One Who Dies PART IV Can Lucretius’ Asymmetry Problem Be Solved? 13 On the Nature of Things (Excerpts) 14 If You Want to Die Later, Then Why Don’t You Want to Have Been Born Earlier? 15 Coming Into and Going Out of Existence PART V Would Immortality Be Good for Us? 16 The Epic of Gilgamesh (Excerpts) 17 The Story of the Man Who Did Not Wish to Die 18 How to Live a Never-Ending Novela (Or, Why Immortality Needn’t Undermine Identity 19 Taking Stock of the Risks of Life without Death 20 Immortality, Boredom, and Standing for Something PART VI What Is the Best Attitude to Take Toward Our Mortality? 21 Death, Mortality, and Meaning 22 Fitting Attitudes Towards Deprivations 23 The Enchiridion (Excerpts) 24 Setting the Wheel of Dhamma in Motion (Excerpts) 25 Voluntary Death PART VII How Should We React to the Deaths of Others? 26 Letter to Lucilius 27 Why Grieve? 28 The Significance of Future Generations 29 Death and Survival Online PART VIII Is Suicide Rationally or Morally Defensible? 30 Whether One Is Allowed to Kill Oneself 31 Of Suicide (Excerpts) 32 Suicide is Sometimes Rational and Morally Defensible 33 Suicide and Its Discontents 34 An Irrational Suicide? PART IX How Does Death Affect the Meaningfulness of Our Lives? 35 World as Will and Representation (Excerpts) 36 Death in Mind: Life, Meaning, and Mortality 37 Meaning in Life in Spite of Death 38 Out of the Blue into the Black: Reflections on Death and Meaning

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Book SynopsisThis book offers an accessible and inclusive overview of the major debates in the philosophy of action. It covers the distinct approaches taken by Donald Davidson, G.E.M. Anscombe, and numerous others to answering questions like what are intentional actions? and how do reasons explain actions? Further topics include intention, practical knowledge, weakness and strength of will, self-governance, and collective agency. With introductions, conclusions, and annotated suggested reading lists for each of the ten chapters, it is an ideal introduction for advanced undergraduates as well as any philosopher seeking a primer on these issues.Trade Review"Sarah Paul succeeds in a seemingly impossible task: she provides a clear and concise view of a sprawling and complex area of philosophy, without sacrificing accuracy or depth. Her compelling, lucid style will make this field accessible to non-specialists, and her insightful and synoptic vision of the contemporary philosophical debates about action will make this book valuable to experts as well. This is the best introduction to the field, a must-read for anyone interested in philosophy of action."Sergio Tenenbaum, University of Toronto"In this book Sarah Paul achieves the near impossible: she provides a lucid survey of contemporary action theory that is assertive enough to serve as both guide and antagonist for readers while being fair to competing views in ways their critics rarely are. This is, by far, the best introduction to action theory I know."Kieran Setiya, MITTable of Contents1. Introduction: What Is the Philosophy of Action? 2. What Is the Problem of Action? 3. Action Explanation 4. The Ontology of Action 5. Intention 6. Practical Knowledge 7. Does Action Have a Constitutive Aim? 8. Identification and Self-Governance 9. Temptation, Weakness, and Strength of Will 10. Collective Agency 11. Concluding Thoughts

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Book SynopsisScience aims to describe reality, to predict the future and to supply us with technology. But it also aims to explain and understand the world. What does it take to explain a phenomenon? Why are some explanations better than others? How do explanation and understanding relate to each other?In this thorough and clearly written introduction, Arnon Levy explores philosophical theories of explanation and understanding which can help answer these questions. Highlighted themes include: What are explanations and what makes some explanations better than others? Empiricism about explanation: Hempel's Deductive-Nomological model and its discontents Causation and Causal theories of explanation: From Lewis, through Woodward to Strevens Explanatory models, the role idealization and abstraction in generating understanding Mechanistic explanation: What is a mechanism? What kind of understanding do mechanistic models supply? Mathematic

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Book SynopsisFor Aristotle, habit was a fundamental aspect of human nature; and for William James, it was the enormous flywheel of society. In both the history of philosophy and contemporary research, it is acknowledged as a fundamental topic in ethics, moral psychology, philosophy of action, and phenomenology.This major volume, written by a team of international contributors, is an outstanding collection that offers a thorough and diverse philosophical exploration of habit from the classical period to the modern day. Carefully edited to reflect the breadth of the subject, its 18 chapters are divided into four clear parts: Habit and Ancient Philosophy Habit and Early Modern Philosophy Habit and Modern Philosophy Contemporary Perspectives on Habit. Key topics, debates, and figures are covered such as the emotions, perception, free will, William James, John Dewey, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, John McDowell, and Hubert Dreyfus.HabTable of ContentsIntroduction Jeremy Dunham and Komarine Romdenh-Romluc Part 1: Habit and Ancient Philosophy 1. Socrates on Habituation and Politics: Plato’s Gorgias 509c6-510a4 Leo Catana 2. Guided Practice Makes Perfect Habituation into Full Virtue in Aristotle’s Ethics Karen Margrethe Nielsen 3. Aristotle on the nature of ethos and ethismos Margaret Hampson 4. Making Progress: Epictetus on Habituation John Sellars Part 2: Habit and Early Modern Philosophy 5. Forming the Habit of Thinking Well: Descartes’ Reshaping of the Act of Reasoning Elodie Cassan 6. Habit in Hartley’s Reconciling Project: Between Christian Morality and the Usual Course of Nature Catherine Dromelet 7. Habit and Will in Eighteenth-Century British Philosophy John Wright 8. Kant’s Account of Intellectual Habit and Moral Education Carl Hildebrand Part 3: Habit and Modern Philosophy 9. The Dispositional Account of Habits and Explanation of Moral Action in F.H. Bradley Dina Babushkina 10. Phenomenology as Vocation – A Project Instituted and Habituated by the Will Sara Heinämaa 11. Personal Acts, Habit, and Embodied Agency in Merleau-Ponty’s Phenomenology of Perception Justin White 12. Deleuze on Habit and Time; or, How to Get, and How not to Get, from Hume to Bergson Mark Sinclair Part 4: Contemporary Perspectives on Habit 13. Habit and the Spiritual Life: Perspectives from Christian Mysticism and the Philosophy of Religion Simone Kotva 14. Are habits inherited? A possible epigenetic route from Charles Darwin to the contemporary debate Mariagrazia Portera and Mauro Mandrioli 15. The Discourse Ecology Model: Changing the World One Habit at a Time Susan Notess 16. Habit and Practice Clare Carlisle 17. Habit-Formation: What’s in a Perspective? Will Hornett 18. Habits in Perception: A Diachronic Defence of Hyperinferentialism Cathy Legg. Index

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Book SynopsisMethods and Skills for Philosophy introduces students to methodologies, strategies, heuristics and formal tools which are typically employed in contemporary analytic philosophy. This helpful resource gets the reader to engage with the analytical skills required to master postgraduate studies in philosophy.In conjunction with analysing texts, reflecting on arguments and trying to solve problems, the book will help instil in students the kind of understanding, knowledge and skills they need to succeed at the postgraduate level. More specifically, students will have a better grasp of how to pose a succinct research question and then critically pursue the proposed topic by engaging with relevant literature, reflecting on philosophical presuppositions, selecting suitable argumentative strategies and defending a preferred view against objections. Topics covered include: the nature and character of arguments conceptual analysis analytical truths

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Book SynopsisAddressing the perennial question: why should we be moral? this book argues that we can only give a truly and morally satisfying answer to that question by radically reconfiguring our conception of the self and the way it relates to others.Table of ContentsPreface and Acknowledgements Introduction: A Great Reversal? PART I: HOW KANT FAILED TO JUSTIFY HIS CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVE Justifying Morality Groundwork 3 – An Enigmatic Text The Second Critique Groundwork 2 - Rational Nature as an End-in-itself? PART II: HOW KANT SHOULD HAVE JUSTIFIED HIS CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVE Introduction: Reconstructing Groundwork 3 From Rational Agency to Freedom From Freedom to the Non-Phenomenal From Non-Phenomenality to Universality The Identity of Persons Recovering the Categorical Imperative Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisIn this original study, Keith Crome argues for the importance of Lyotard's analyzes of sophistry. In the second section, the book shows the radicality of Lyotard's analyzes in contrast to such traditional views. It examines Lyotard's complex and original readings of sophistical arguments, and offers a new interpretation of The Differend .Table of ContentsAcknowledgements Abbreviations Introduction PART I: THE PLACE OF SOPHISTRY IN PHILOSOPHY The Sophists Hegel and the Sophists Heidegger and Sophistry PART II: LYOTARD AND THE SOPHISTICATIONS OF PHILOSOPHY Lyotard and Sophistry Lyotard and Kant: A Sophistical Critique Lyotard and the Sophistication of Ontology A Sophistical Differend Conclusion

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Book SynopsisThis fascinating new study by Mark Asquith offers an original approach to Hardy's art as a novelist and entirely new readings of certain musical scenes in Hardy's works.Trade Review'One of the best books on Hardy published in recent years...I was struck by how coherent, well-illustrated and informative it is, opening up a world of musicological debate and making sense of it; relating it to the way that the nineteenth century thought about emotion, embodiment and their transmission; and of course applying it in numerous incisive ways to a range of Hardy's work, taking in issues including the Darwinian landscape, social life, courtship and the chorus...An impressive and elegant book.' - Tim Armstrong, Royal Holloway, UKTable of ContentsIntroduction 'The Road to Norcombe Hill': Hardy's Musical Evolution 'Silent Workings of the Invisible Hand': Hardy's Metaphysical Evolution The 'Spider's Web': Metaphysics into 'Music Drama' 'The Plucked Harp String': Desire, Courtship Ritual and the Debate Concerning Speech Theory A Tale of 'Tragical Possibilities': Music and the Birth of Consciousness in The Return of the Native 'A Tragedy Appropriate for its Time': Music and the Story of a 'Man of Character' 'All Creation Groaning': A Deaf Ear to Music in Jude the Obscure Conclusion Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisFollowing the insight that mediated subjectivity need not mean alienated selfhood, Meredith forwards a postmetaphysical model of the experiential based on the interpenetration of poststructuralist thinking and hermeneutic phenomenology.Table of ContentsIntroduction: Difference Unleashed Difference and Undecidability: Post-Saussurean Thought Woman as Text: the Influence of Poststructuralism on Feminism The Poststructuralist Erasure of Experience Postmetaphysical Frameworks for Experience 'It's Me Here': Writing the Singular Self, Writing the Post-deconstructive Female Self Conclusion: Rapprochement Index

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Book SynopsisF.W.J. Schelling (1775-1854) stands alongside J.G. Fichte and G.W.F. Hegel as one of the great philosophers of the German idealist tradition. The Schelling Reader introduces students to Schelling's philosophy by guiding them through the first ever English-language anthology of his key textsan anthology which showcases the vast array of his interests and concerns (metaphysics, epistemology, philosophy of nature, ethics, aesthetics, philosophy of religion and mythology, and political philosophy). The reader includes the most important passages from all of Schelling's major works as well as lesser-known yet illuminating lectures and essays, revealing a philosopher rigorously and boldly grappling with some of the most difficult philosophical problems for over six decades, and constantly modifying and correcting his earlier thought in light of new insights.Schelling's evolving philosophies have often presented formidable challenges to the teaching of his thought. For the first time, Trade ReviewWhistler and Berger have done us a great service by showing us the whole span of Schelling’s genius. One comes away struck by the breadth and depth of Schelling’s thought, and also by its rigorous consistency. These translations, and the insightful commentary that accompanies them, should have a game-changing impact on Schelling studies in English. * Sean McGrath, Professor of Philosophy, Memorial University, Canada *Schelling is one of the greatest philosophers of all time, who provides illuminating views of every area of philosophy. Compared to other great German Idealists such as Fichte and Hegel, Schelling’s thought has been neglected, especially among English speakers. This judiciously chosen, thematically arranged collection of excellent translations makes an overview of Schelling’s philosophy accessible in English for the first time, bringing into view his dynamic conception of nature, his account of the unconscious, and his emphasis on the importance of art and myth in human life. This volume is an indispensable resource for anybody who is interested in nineteenth century European philosophy, in existentialism, and in the contemporary revival of post-Kantian Idealism. * Paul Franks, Professor of Philosophy and Religious Studies and Judaic Studies, Yale University, New Haven, USA *Schelling is one of the most influential post-Kantian philosophers and this excellent collection now makes it possible for English-speaking readers to discover the impressive breadth, subtlety and originality of his thought. It contains well-chosen texts on a wide range of topics, from metaphysics and the philosophy of nature to aesthetics and politics, together with clear and accessible introductions and helpful suggestions for further reading. Berger and Whistler are to be congratulated on putting together an outstanding and very welcome volume. * Stephen Houlgate, Professor of Philosophy, University of Warwick, UK *The great virtue of Berger and Whistler’s anthology is to make clear the depth and extraordinary range of Schelling’s work, while providing newcomers and scholars alike with tools to understand the importance of one of the most difficult and influential post-Kantian philosophers. As the first English-language anthology of Schelling’s writings, The Schelling Reader will have a lasting impact on scholarship of German idealism, by enabling a new generation of readers to think with Schelling about topics in many areas of philosophy. * Karin Nisenbaum, Assistant Professor of Philosophy, Boston College, USA *Table of ContentsEditors’ Introduction Part One: Metaphysics 1. The Unconditioned 2. Identity and Difference 3. Nature 4. Time, Space and the Categories Part Two: Philosophical Methods 5. Intuition, Construction and Recollection 6. Reason and Experience 7. System 8. History of Philosophy Part Three: The Ideal World 9. Freedom 10. Art and Mythology 11. Religion 12. Politics

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Book SynopsisMetaphysics, almost entirely neglected by experimental philosophers, is the central focus of Experimental Metaphysics. The volume brings together a range of views aimed at addressing the question of how cognitive science might be relevant to metaphysics. With contributions from cognitive scientists and philosophers, chapters focus on theoretical and empirical issues involving the potential role of cognitive science in metaphysics. Alongside topics such as free will, objects and causation, in which relevant empirical evidence is discussed and connected to relevant metaphysical issues, more programmatic papers explore theoretical issues centered on the connection between cognitive science and metaphysics. This balanced approach exposes metaphysicians to philosophically relevant work in cognitive science, while showing cognitive scientists the ways in which their work might be important for philosophers.Presenting cutting-edge empirical and theoretical research, Experimental MeTrade ReviewMost of the important work that brings cognitive science and experimental methods to bear on metaphysics is yet to be undertaken, but this volume is a good start. * Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews *Many philosophers think it is wildly implausible that experimental philosophy can make important contributions to metaphysics. This outstanding collection of groundbreaking essays proves that they are wrong. -- Stephen Stich, Board of Governors Professor of Philosophy and Cognitive Science, Rutgers University, USAThis is an important and timely contribution to one of the newest and most exciting developments in contemporary philosophy: the project of bringing experimental philosophy and cognitive science to bear on contemporary metaphysics. -- L. A. Paul is Eugene Falk Distinguished Professor of Philosophy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USATable of ContentsIntroduction, David Rose (Rutgers University, USA) 1. Metaphysics and Conceptual Analysis: Experimental Philosophy’s Place under the Sun, Uriah Kriegel (Institute Jean Nicod, France) 2. Experimental Philosophy, Conceptual Analysis, and Metasemantics, Jason Turner (University of Arizona, USA) 3. Intuitions and the Metaphysics of Causation, Sara Bernstein (Duke University, USA) 4. The Folk Psychological Roots of Free Will, Joshua Shepherd (University of Oxford, UK) 5. The Rationality of Psychological Essentialism, Shaun Nichols (University of Arizona, USA) 6. Folk Mereology is Teleological, David Rose and Jonathan Schaffer (Rutgers University, USA) 7. What Do the Folk Think about Composition, and Does It Matter?, Daniel Z. Korman (University of California, Santa Barbara, USA) and Chad Carmichael (Indiana University-Purdue, USA) 8. Folk Teleology and its Implications, Jacob W. Dink and Lance J. Rips (Northwestern University, USA) Index

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Book SynopsisIn Apperception and Self-Consciousness in Kant and German Idealism, Dennis Schulting examines the themes of reflexivity, self-consciousness, representation and apperception in the philosophy of Immanuel Kant and German Idealism more widely. Central to Schulting's argument is the claim that all human experience is inherently self-referential and that this is part of a self-reflexivity of thought, or what is called transcendental apperception, a Kantian insight that was first apparent in the work of Christian Wolff and came to inform all of German Idealism. In this rigorous text, Schulting establishes the historical roots of Kant's thought and traces it through to his immediate successors, Karl Leonhard Reinhold, Johann Gottlieb Fichte and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. He specifically examines the cognitive role of selfconsciousness and its relation to idealism and situates it in a clear and coherent history of rationalist philosophy.Trade ReviewIn this volume Dennis Schulting goes beyond his earlier close studies of Kant's Transcendental Deduction by explaining in detail how Kant's critical conception of self-consciousness plays a central and positive role in the philosophies of Reinhold, Fichte, and Hegel. A distinctive feature of the work is its extensive attention to recent secondary literature on this topic, as well as its nuanced articulation and defense of a systematic position on German Idealism that develops many related themes emphasized by scholars such as Robert Pippin. * Karl Ameriks, McMahon-Hank Professor of Philosophy Emeritus, University of Notre Dame, USA *This highly engaging study provides a subtle and intelligent interpretation of Kant’s concept of transcendental apperception. It sheds welcome light on Kant’s significant debt to Leibniz and Wolff and highlights Kant’s profound influence on his successors, Reinhold, Fichte and Hegel. This is an eminently readable and thought-provoking study. * Stephen Houlgate, Professor of Philosophy, University of Warwick, UK *Table of ContentsPreface 1. Introduction: Ineliminably Reflexive Human Experience 2. The ‘Self-Knowledge’ of Reason: Kant’s Copernican Hypothesis 3. ‘A representation of my representations’: Apperception and the Leibnizian-Wolffian Background 4. Apperception, Self-Consciousness, and Self-Knowledge in Kant 5. Reflexivity, Intentionality, and Animal Perception 6. Disciple or Renegade? On Reinhold’s Representationalism, the Principle of Consciousness, and the Thing in Itself 7. Apperception and Representational Content: Fichte, Hegel, and Pippin 8. On the Kinship of Kant’s and Hegel’s Metaphysical Logics 9. Hegel, Transcendental Philosophy, and the Myth of Realism Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisSimone Weil (1909-1943) was one of the foremost French philosophers of the 20th century; a mystic, activist, and writer whose profound work continues to intrigue and inspire today. Mirror of Obedience collects together Weil''s poetry and autobiographical writings translated into English for the first time. It offers a rare glimpse into a more personal and introspective Weil than we usually encounter. She was writing and re-working her poems until the end of her life and in a letter from London to her parents, dated 22 January 1943, she expressed the wish for her verses to appear together in print in chronological order, a wish which this volume honours.Weil was a thinker who wrote with discipline and spareness and cherished the poetic form for its power to compress language and distill meaning. In these poems and literary writings, we see her own efforts to craft poems as essential expressions of thought, bringing into view another aspect of Weil's quest for beauty and truth.Trade ReviewWeil cherished the poetic form for the way it compresses language, distills thought, and conveys ultimate paradoxes of existence. This bilingual French-English edition of Weil’s original poetry opens new access to her lifelong quest for beauty and truth. Expert commentary situates the nuanced translations within her lifework – an illuminating volume that makes a nice gift! * Lissa McCullough, Professor, California State University, USA, and Author of The Religious Philosophy of Simone Weil (2014) *In accessible, reliable, and learned ways, Silvia Caprioglio Panizza and Philip Wilson continue to enrich the bounty of our knowledge of Weil’s literary side and its role in her overall philosophy. Their trustworthy translations and discerning commentaries reveal new vistas in Weil’s thought. A perceptive and engaging advance in Weil scholarship — bravo! * Ronald K. L. Collins, Editor of Attention, USA *Table of ContentsTranslators’ Biographies Preface Acknowledgements Chapter 1: Simone Weil as Poet Chapter 2: Simone Weil and Literature List of Abbreviations Further Reading Poems À une jeune fille riche / To a Rich Girl Vers lus au Goûter de la Saint Charlemagne / Verses Read at the Feast of Saint Charlemagne Éclair / Lightning Promethée / Prometheus À un jour / To a Day La mer / The Sea Nécessité / Necessity Les astres / The Stars La porte / The Gate Four Excerpts from Venice Saved Jaffier 1-3 Violetta Selected Prose Conte: Les Lutins du feu / Tale: The Fairies of the Fire Le conte des six cygnes dans Grimm / The Tale of the Six Swans in Grimm On the Translation Translators’ Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThe works of Leibniz, Spinoza and Hume show that thought is not, as such, a matter of consciousness. Gil Morejon explores the significance of this insight for their conceptions of freedom and ethics.

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Book SynopsisThis book offers a clear and coherent analysis of Deleuze and Guattari's collaborations and argues that their work contains a distinct philosophical methodology that is designed to express the transformative nature of reality.

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