Pharmacology Books

Book SynopsisPolymers of natural origins have been explored for their variety of uses and applications in pharmaceuticals, medical diagnostic aids, and materials science. In nature, a huge quantity of natural polymers is obtained from different sources such as plants, animals, and also from marine environments. These are abundantly present in nature and are considered excellent excipients because of their nontoxic, stable, and biodegradable properties. Natural Polymers for Pharmaceutical Applications (3-volume set) discusses the research innovations that have been made on applications of natural polymers in drug delivery and biomedicines. Volume 1 focuses on plant-derived polymers, while volume 2 covers marine- and microbiologically derived polymers. Volume 3 looks at polymers derived from animal sources.These three volumes provide a thorough exploration into natural polymers chemistry, including collection, chemical modifications, characterizations, and applications of na

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Book SynopsisThis new volume, Natural Polymers for Pharmaceutical Applications, Volume 1: Plant-Derived Polymers, presents some of the latest research on the applications of natural polymers in drug delivery and therapeutics for healthcare benefits. Polymers and their applications from several plants are discussed in depth, including tamarind gum, gum Arabic, natural carbohydrate polymer gum tragacanth, pectin, guar gum and its derivatives, locust bean gum, sterculia gum, okra gum, and others. The use of the polymers derived from plants as potential pharmaceutical excipients is expanding day by day because of their stability in the biological system, drug-releasing capability, drug-targeting abilities, as well as their bioavailability. Trade Review“A well-engrossed concept on application of natural plant derivatives as pharmaceutical additives. . . . The superlative collection on the application of plant derivatives in design of novel drug delivery systems, such as micro and nanoparticles, throws an insight on the useful applications of plant-derived products. I would say with a definite certitude that the book will prove to be an exemplary reference for academicians and scientist working in the field of plant-derived products for pharmaceutical applications.” - Dr. Tahir Ansari, Assistant Professor, University of Kualalumpur, MalaysiaTable of ContentsVolume 1: Plant-Derived Polymers 1. Pharmaceutical Applications of Tamarind Gum 2. Pharmaceutical Applications of Gum Arabic 3. Recent Advances in Pharmaceutical Applications of Natural Carbohydrate Polymer Gum Tragacanth 4. Application Potential of Pectin in Drug Delivery 5. Guar Gum and Its Derivatives: Pharmaceutical Applications 6. Pharmaceutical Applications of Locust Bean Gum 7. Pharmaceutical Applications of Sterculia Gum 8. Pharmaceutical Applications of Okra Gum 9. Pharmaceutical Applications of Fenugreek Seed Gum

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Book SynopsisMany polymers derived from various marine sources and microorganisms possess some important biological properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and bioadhesivity that make them attractive as pharmaceutical excipients in various pharmaceutical dosage forms. Moreover, these polymers can be modified physically and/or chemically to improve their biomaterial properties.In this volume, Natural Polymers for Pharmaceutical Applications, Volume 2: Marine- and Microbiologically Derived Polymers, looks at how these polymers have been explored and exploited for pharmaceutical uses, such as in tablets, microparticles, nanoparticles, ophthalmic preparations, gels, emulsions, suspensions, etc. Some commonly used marine- and microbiologically derived polymers used as pharmaceutical excipients include alginates, agar-agar, gellan gum, carrageenan; chitosan, xanthan gum, and others. The book focuses on important recent advances from experts around the world on marine-derived polysaccharides and pharmaceutical applications of alginates, agar-agar, gellan gum, carrageenan, chitosan derivatives, xanthan gum. Table of ContentsVolume 2: Marine- and Microbiologically Derived Polymers 1. Marine-Derived Polysaccharides: Pharmaceutical Applications 2. Pharmaceutical Applications of Alginates 3. Pharmaceutical Applications of Agar-Agar 4. Pharmaceutical Applications of Gellan Gum 5. Pharmaceutical Applications of Carrageenan 6. Pharmaceutical Application of Chitosan Derivatives 7. Pharmaceutical Applications of

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Book SynopsisRevised and significantly expanded, the latest edition of this handbook provides full information on the use of essential oils in the field of contemporary aromatherapy and aromatic therapy, based on the most up-to-date research evidence behind their therapeutic applications.The third edition features a fully updated and expanded contents including detailed Aromatic Profiles of over 250 essential oils, absolutes and resinoids, a new chapter on the latest research in pharmacognosy to foster an understanding of how essential oils work, and a new chapter on formulating essential oils, based on theory and evidence and containing practical suggestions. The author provides a detailed account of how essential oils are created, how and where aromatherapy is used, and the underlying pharmacology and chemistry. This will be an indispensable text for all students and practitioners of aromatherapy and related disciplines, as well as anyone interested in the use of essential oils for health and well-being.To access an updated table of contents and index, please see the 'Resources' section at this link: www.singingdragon.com/catalogue/book/9781787752290Trade ReviewA brilliant piece of work! Jennifer is a dedicated writer who helps us think more clearly about essential oils. I stand in awe of her impressive wisdom. Over the last 25 years as an aromatherapy educator, I have found myself reaching for Jennifer's books, over and over again. I am delighted to have her beautiful book. Definitely a gem to be treasured among your Aromatherapy books! -- Andrea Butje, aromatherapy educator and authorI'm impressed by the new edition of Essential Oils. It's a whole new book and not just an updated glance over previous editions. The most salient update is an entirely new section on essential oil pharmacology, and profiles of individual constituents. Another valuable addition is Jennifer's practical guidance on how to translate scientific findings into therapeutic practice. Essential Oils is a comprehensive source of knowledge for anyone wishing to take a deep dive into all aspects of aromatherapy, supported by recent research. I have no doubt it will reach the status of aromatherapy's textbook that we didn't have so far. -- Petra Ratajc PhD, biologist, researcher, educatorWith over 2,000 references, Dr Rhind's comprehensive new edition will delight and inspire both scientific and intuitively-minded people. The evidence-based chapters on aromatic pharmacognosy and component profiles and the chapter and appendix on individualised prescriptions and aromatic formulations for different conditions provide a welcome guideline for health practitioners and members of the general public wanting to use essential oils safely for many common ailments. -- Dr E. Joy Bowles, PhD, BSc, author of “The Chemistry of Aromatherapeutic Oils”This is a truly fantastic update to the 1st and 2nd editions. The new inclusions are wonderful and make for essential reading for the aromatherapist. I am extremely excited to introduce this book to our students at Moray College UHI, from those studying at Higher National level to those undertaking Intensive Aromatic studies in the honours year of the BSC Integrative Healthcare. This remarkable book will be an essential core text for both the student and the practising therapist alike. -- Lesley Ann Potter, Lecturer – HNC/D Complementary Therapies & BSc (hons) Integrative HealthcareJennifer Rhind does it again and better than ever! A captivating and thoroughly enjoyable read. From history of aromatics in their various forms to the scientific research we have to date, Jennifer delivers a comprehensive examination of the evolution of medicamentum and its relevance in aromatic therapies today. This prodigious book is a valuable resource to foster the continuing education of the serious practitioner and inspires the reader to dig deeper and explore all the various aspects from olfaction and the psyche to formulary of the healing art and science that is Aromatherapy. -- Lora Cantele, RA, APAIA, Cert. Aromflexologist Editor/Publisher of the International Journal of Professional Holistic AromatherapyThis uniquely comprehensive reference book expands and advances one's understanding of aromatherapy. Jennifer Peace Rhind adeptly draws from a plethora of scholarly sources and scientific research to deepen our knowledge of essential oils and the activities of their individual chemical components. Her singularly meticulous approach is equally distinguished by thorough investigations into the biology, ecology, history and ethnobotany of aromatic plants as well as the therapeutic uses of their extracts. Further equipped with practical guidelines and formulas, this book is a must for aromatherapy enthusiasts and professionals alike. -- Dr. Kelly Ablard, PhD,RA,EOT, Director, Airmid Institute; Co-owner, Essence of Thyme College of Holistic Studies

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Book SynopsisSince the publication of the previous edition of this volume, there has been substantial progress in a number of areas of multiple sclerosis (MS) research. Although immunosuppressive treatments continue to be developed and refined, more targeted immunomodulatory therapies are surfacing as we learn more about how the immune system works in health and disease.Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics, Third Edition provides a comprehensive review of clinical trial methodology and therapeutic modalities in MS. This edition reflects current understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease and includes popular and emerging treatments. Topics include: Biomarkers in MS Pharmacogenomics Emerging therapeutic modalities such as natalizumab, T-cell-based and B-cell-based therapies, cytokine/chemokine-based therapies, statins, and 4-aminopyridine Neuroprotection The use of OCT and MRI to guide disease therapy Within the next several years, we will begin to discover the utility and the limitations of stem cells in the treatment of MS. It is likely that the next edition of this text will include clinical trial data that evaluate early attempts at nervous system regeneration in MS. Until that time occurs, this volume remains an essential resource for neurologists and anyone involved in the treatment of MS.Table of Contents1. Aspects of multiple sclerosis that relate to trial design and clinical management. 2. Biological concepts of multiple sclerosis pathogenesis and relationship to treatment. 3. The multiple sclerosis disease process as characterized by magnetic resonance imaging. 4. Measures of neurological impairment and disability in multiple sclerosis. 5. Assessment of neuropsychological function in multiple sclerosis. 6. Health-related quality of life assessment in multiple sclerosis. 7. Measures of gadolinium enhancement, T1 black holes and T2-hyperintense magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis. 8. Measures of magnetization transfer in multiple sclerosis. 9. Measurement of central nervous system atrophy in multiple sclerosis. 10. Axonal pathology in patients with multiple sclerosis: evidence from in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 11. Functional imaging in multiple sclerosis. 12. Magnetic resonance imaging of pathway-specific structure and function in multiple sclerosis. 13. Optical coherence tomography to monitor neuronal integrity in multiple sclerosis. 14. Biomarkers in multiple sclerosis. 15. The process of drug development and approval inthe United States, the European Union and Canada. 16. Selection and interpretation of end-points in multiple sclerosis clinical trials. 17. Clinical trial logistics. 18. The challenge of long-term studies in multiple sclerosis: use of pooled data, historical controls and observational studies to determine efficacy. 19. Alternative designs for multiple sclerosis clinical trials. 20. Ethical considerations in multiple sclerosis clinical trials. 21. Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics in multiple sclerosis. 22. Interferons in relapsing.remitting multiple sclerosis. 23. Interferons in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. 24. Neutralizing antibodies directed against interferon A. 25. Glatiramer acetate as therapy for multiple sclerosis. 26. Use of mitoxantrone to treat multiple sclerosis. 27. Use of cyclophosphamide and other immunosuppressantsto treat multiple sclerosis. 28. Natalizumab in multiple sclerosis. 29. High-dose methylpredisolone in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. 30. Intravenous immunoglobulin in multiple sclerosis. 31. Therapeutic plasma exchange for multiple sclerosis. 32. Statins in multiple sclerosis. 33. Stem cell transplantation for multiple sclerosis. 34. T cell-based therapies in multiple sclerosis. 35. B cell-based therapies for multiple sclerosis and related diseases. 36. Chemokines and central nervous system inflammation: relevance to multiple sclerosis. 37. Sex hormones and other pregnancy-related factors with therapeutic potential in multiple sclerosis. 38. Neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis. 39. Combination therapy in multiple sclerosis. 40. Fampridine in multiple sclerosis. 41. Complementary and alternative treatments in multiple sclerosis. 42. Disease-modifying therapy for multiple sclerosis in clinical practice. 43. Treatment for patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis. 44. Use of magnetic resonance imaging in clinical management of multiple sclerosis. 45. Fatigue in multiple sclerosis. 46. Management of spasticity in multiple sclerosis. 47. Management of bladder and sexual dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. 48. Depression in multiple sclerosis. 49. Treatment of pain, paresthesias and paroxysmal disorders in multiple sclerosis. 50. Rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis patients.

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Book SynopsisThis is a different kind of book about psychedelics. Rather than describing psychedelic experiences, it presents four future-oriented ideas ''coming over the psychedelic horizon'', which illustrate the potential benefits of psychedelics for humanity: # Stanislav Grof''s view of our minds as a way to understand works of art (looking at Disney's Snow White). # The evidence that psychedelic-occasioned mystical experiences can boost our immune systems. # Psychedelics as a way of adding new cognitive programmes to our thinking skills. # Applying the ideas from Part 3 to learning.

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Book SynopsisAddressing the challenge of serious infection, especially MRSA, in hospitals, in the community, and in animals, Maggie Tisserand focuses on the scientifically proven effects of antibacterial essential oils, and their usefulness in managing infection, including the 'superbug'. She profiles the key essential oils - tea tree, manuka and thyme - covering everything from habitat, chemistry and commercial uses to the latest scientific research that proves their effectiveness against bacterial infection, and how they should be used. She also includes information about other methods that have been shown to help with the management of acute infection, including allicin from garlic, silver, manuka honey and phage therapy.Breaking new ground in the field of essential oils, this scientifically based but accessible book will be essential reading for aromatherapists, health professionals and everyone interested in effective ways in which to combat infection and stay healthy. With the increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the danger of bacteria staying alive on surfaces and clothing, it is in the interests of every therapist and practitioner to be aware of these threats and instigate preventative measures.Trade ReviewMaggie Tisserand is an internationally recognized expert on the uses of essential oils with MRSA. Her comprehensive book is an extraordinary resource for anyone suffering with MRSA and offers vital information for health professionals worldwide. Maggie has successfully given us organized and practical information on how people can protect themselves against MRSA. The book is an accessible, in depth compendium of crucial information. -- Andrea Butje is the founder of Aromahead Institute, an innovative online school of essential oils, www.aromahead.comTable of ContentsPart I. 1. MRSA – World View. 2. MRSA – Human Stories. 3. MRSA in Animals. 4. Evolution of MRSA. 5. Microbiology Explained. Part II. 6. Tea Tree. 7. Manuka. 8. Thyme. 9. Further Research with Essential Oils. 10. Other Ways to Combat MRSA. Part III. Appendices. 1. Facts & Figures. 2. Reasons for Resistance. 3. Risk Factors. 4. Before Going into Hospital. 5. Essential Oils. 6. Wound Care. 7. Extra Reading. 8. International Agencies. Resources – Products. Resources – Services. Glossary. References. About the Author.

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Book SynopsisFirst Published in 1985, this yearbook is an annual reference providing a concise source of information concerning recent developments in the radiopharmaceutical sciences.Table of ContentsIntroduction, Applications of Nuclear Medicine Techniques for the Development of Pharmaceutical Formulations, Sterility Testing of Radiopharmaceuticals, The Role of HPLC in the Development and Quality Control of Radiopharmaceuticals, Adverse Reactions and Drug Effects, Recent Developments in Technetium Chemistry as Applied to the Generation of New Radiopharmaceuticals, The Radiopharmacology of Iodinated Compounds: Present State and Perspectives, Aerosols for Inhalation Imaging, Polymers in Radiopharmacy, 99m Tc Labelled Radiopharmaceuticals for Thrombophleboscintigraphy: Aspects of Radiopharmacology, SELECTED ABSTRACTS

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Table of ContentsEinführung.- Histaminfreisetzung.- Histaminfreisetzung durch Arzneimittel. Allgemeiner Überblick.- Alfentanil/Fentanyl. Histaminfreisetzung und Katecholamine.- Der Histamingehalt in Blutkonserven.- Histaminfreisetzung durch Kontrastmittel.- Histaminbestimmungsmethoden.- Abbau des Histamins in der Leber.- Histamin-Effekte auf Organsysteme.- Die Mastzelle — Morphologie und Funktionen.- Biochemie der Mastzeile.- Histamineffekte auf Bronchialsystem und pulmonale Zirkulation.- Histaminfreisetzung in der Chirurgie.- Histaminfreisetzung bei Standardoperationen: Überlegungen zur klinischen Relevanz.- Posttraumatische Histaminfreisetzung. Messungen im peripher venösen und Splanchnicus-Blut nach abdominalchirurgischen Eingriffen.- Dosis-Wirkungsbeziehung verschiedener Glucocorticoide im Endotoxinschock der Ratte: Einfluß auf Überlebenszeiten und Histaminneubildung in verschiedenen Organen.- Streß-Ulcus, Pathogenese, Inzidenz und Prophylaxe.- Streß-Ulcus: Konservative und Chirurgische Therapie.- H1- und H2-Rezeptor-Antagonisten.- Einfluß von Histamin und Histamin-Antagonisten auf das Aktionspotential des Vorhof- und Ventrikelmyokard von Meerschweinchen.- Prospektive Studien mit Histamin-H1- und H2-Rezeptor Antagonisten.- Anwendung von H1- und H2-Rezeptor-Antagonisten in Anaesthesie und Chirurgie — Eine multizentrische Studie.- Nebenwirkungen von Histamin-H1- und H2-Rezeptor-Antagonisten.- Aspirationsprophylaxe.- Das Mendelson-Syndrom: Pathogenese, klinisches Bild, Inzidenz, Prognose.- Allgemeine und medikamentöse Maßnahmen zur Prophylaxe und Therapie der Aspirationspneumonie.- Prophylaxe der Aspirationspneumonie mit Cimetidin in der Kinderanaesthesie.

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Table of ContentsEinführung.- Ätherischöl-Drogen (Aetherolea).- Spezielle Arbeitsvorschriften.- Drogenliste.- Formelübersicht.- DC-Beschreibungen mit DC-Abbildungen Referenzsubstanzen Abb. 1, 2.- Cinnamoni cortex Calami rhizoma Abb. 3, 4.- Anisi fructus Foeniculi fructus Sassafras lignum Basilici herba Abb. 5, 6.- Petroselini fructus Myristicae semen Macis Caryophylli flos Abb. 7, 8.- Carvi fructus Coriandri fructus Juniperi fructus Rosmarini folium Abb. 9, 10.- Matricariae flos Anthemidis flos Abb. 11, 12.- Lavandulae flos Cinae flos Abb. 13, 14.- Menthae piperitae folium Menthae crispae folium Abb. 15, 16.- Salviae officinalis folium Salviae trilobae folium Eucalypti folium Abb. 17, 18.- Thymi herba Serpylli herba Ajowani fructus Melissae folium Abb. 19, 20.- Curcumae rhizoma Abb. 21, 22.- Citri pericarpium Aurantii pericarpium Abb. 23, 24.- Terebinthinae aeth. Pini aetherolea Myrrha Abb. 25, 26.- Benzoe Peruvianum balsamum Toluatum balsamum Abb. 27, 28.- Alkaloid-Drogen.- Spezielle Arbeitsvorschriften.- Drogenliste.- Formelübersicht.- DC-Beschreibungen mit DC-Abbildungen Referenzsubstanzen Abb. 1, 2.- Abb. 3.- Yohimbe cortex Quebracho cortex Abb. 4.- Rauvolfiae radix Abb. 5, 6.- Strychni semen Ignatii semen Abb. 7.- Secale cornutum Abb. 8.- Chinae cortex Abb. 9, 10.- Ipecacuanhae radix Abb. 11, 12.- Opium Abb. 13, 14.- Berberidis radix Colombo radix Hydrastis rhizoma Abb. 15, 16.- Chelidonii herba Abb. 17.- Colchici semen Abb. 18.- Aconiti tuber (herba) Sabadillae semen Lobeliae herba Jaborandi folium Boldo folium Abb. 19, 20.- Cacao semen Coffeae semen Abb. 21.- Nicotianae folium Ephedrae herba Spartii herba Abb. 22.- Belladonnae folium Hyoscyami folium Stramonii folium Abb. 23, 24.- Belladonnae folium/semen/radix Hyoscyami mutici/nigri folium Stramonii folium/semen Scopoliae radix Abb. 25, 26.- Anthracen-Drogen.- Spezielle Arbeitsvorschriften.- Drogenliste.- Formelübersicht.- DC-Beschreibungen mit DC-Abbildungen Aloe resina Abb. 1, 2.- Rhamni purshiani cortex Abb. 3.- DC-Übersicht Arzneibuch-Drogen Abb. 4.- Frangulae cortex Oreoherzogiae cortex Frangulae fructus Rhamni cathartici fructus Abb. 5, 6.- Rhei radix Abb. 7, 8.- Sennae folium Sennae fructus Hyperici herba Abb. 9, 10.- Zirkular-DC Sennae folium/fructus Abb. 11, 12.- Rhei radix Abb. 13, 14.- Arbutin-Drogen.- Spezielle Arbeitsvorschriften.- Drogenliste.- Formelübersicht.- DC-Beschreibungen mit DC-Abbildungen Uvae ursi folium Vitis ideae folium Myrtilli folium Abb. 1, 2.- Viburni prunifolii cortex Viburni opuli cortex Abb. 3, 4.- Bitterstoff-Drogen.- Spezielle Arbeitsvorschriften.- Drogenliste.- Formelübersicht.- DC-Beschreibungen mit DC-Abbildungen Aurantii pericarpium Harpagophythi radix Gentianae radix Centaurii herba Condurango cortex Menyanthidis folium Abb. 1, 2 DC-Übersicht.- Cnici herba Marrubii herba Absinthii herba Quassiae lignum Abb. 3, 4.- Gentianae radix Plantaginis herba Oleae folium/fructus Abb. 5, 6.- Bryoniae radix Cucurbitae semen Abb. 7, 8.- Humuli lupuli strobuli Abb. 9, 10.- Salviae folium Rosmarini folium Abb. 11.- Cynarae herba Abb. 12.- Cumarin-Drogen.- Spezielle Arbeitsvorschriften.- Drogenliste.- Formelübersicht.- DC-Beschreibungen mit DC-Abbildungen Referenzsubstanzen Abb. 1.- Pimpinellae radix Heraclei radix Abb. 2.- Angelicae radix Levistici radix Imperatoriae radix Scopoliae radix Abb. 3, 4.- Herniariae herba Meliloti herba Asperulae herba Abrotani herba Rutae herba Abb. 5, 6.- Mezerei cortex Fraxini cortex Asa foetida Abb. 7, 8.- Ammi majoris fructus Ammi visnagae fructus Abb. 9, 10.- Flavonoid-Drogen.- Spezielle Arbeitsvorschriften.- Drogenliste.- Formelübersicht.- DC-Übersichtsbild „Blütendrogen“ Abb. 3, 4.- Arnicae flos Calendulae flos Cacti flos Farfarae flos Primulae flos Herniariae herba Abb. 5, 6.- Crataegi flos/folium/fructus Sambuci flos Stoechados flos Verbasci flos Abb. 7, 8.- Acaciae flos Pruni spinosae flos Spireaae flos Robiniae Sambuci flos Tiliae flos Abb. 9, 10.- Betulae folium Juglandis folium Anthemidis flos Abb. 11, 12.- Matricariae flos Abb. 13.- DC-Übersichtsbild „Herbadrogen“ Abb. 14.- Anserinae herba Equiseti herba Leonuri herba Rutae herba Sarothamni (Sparttii) herba Sophorae gemma Veronicae herba Violae tricoloris herba Abb. 15, 16.- Citri pericarpium Aurantii pericarpium Abb. 17.- Eriodictyonis herba Orthosiphonis folium Abb. 18.- Cardui mariae fructus Abb. 19, 20.- Farfarae folium Petasites folium Abb. 21, 22.- Herzglykosid-Drogen.- Spezielle Arbeitsvorschriften.- Drogenliste.- Formelübersicht.- DC-Beschreibungen mit DC-Abbildungen DC-Referenzsubstanzen Abb. 1, 2.- Abb. 3, 4.- Digitalis lanatae folium Digitalis purpureae folium Abb. 5–8.- Nerii (oleandri) folium Abb. 9, 10.- DC-Übersicht Strophanthi semen Adonidis herba Convallariae herba Abb. 11, 12.- Strophanthi grati semen Strophanthi kombé semen Abb. 13, 14.- Adonidis herba Convallariae herba Abb. 15, 16.- Uzarae (Xysmalobii) radix Abb. 17.- Helleborii radix Abb. 18.- Scillae bulbus var. alba/var. rubra Abb. 19, 20.- Saponin-Drogen.- Spezielle Arbeitsvorschriften.- Drogenliste.- Formelübersicht.- DC-Beschreibungen mit DC-Abbildungen DC-Übersicht Saponindrogen Abb. 1, 2.- Primulae radix Abb. 3.- Saponariae radix Abb. 4.- Ginseng radix Eleutherococci radix Abb. 5, 6.- Liquiritiae radix Abb. 7, 8.- Avenae herba Hederae folium Abb. 9.- Hippocastani semen Abb. 10.- DC-Saponin-Nachweise Abb. 11, 12.- Scharfstoff-Drogen.- Spezielle Arbeitsvorschriften.- Drogenliste.- Formelübersicht.- DC-Beschreibungen mit DC-Abbildungen Capsici fructus Cubebae fructus Piperis fructus Abb. 1, 2.- Senföl-Drogen.- Spezielle Arbeitsvorschriften.- Drogenliste.- Formelübersicht.- DC-Beschreibungen mit DC-Abbildungen Sinapis albae (Erucae)semen Sinapis nigri semen Abb. 3.- Thioharnstoffderivate von Senfölen Allium sativum Abb. 4.- Rauschgift-Drogen.- Spezielle Arbeitsvorschriften.- Drogenliste.- Formelübersicht.- DC-Beschreibungen mit DC-Abbildungen Cannabis herba Haschisch Abb. 1, 2.- Drogen mit Valepotriaten.- Spezielle Arbeitsvorschriften.- Drogenliste.- Formelübersicht.- DC-Beschreibungen mit DC-Abbildungen Valerianae radix Abb. 1, 2.- Farbstoff-Drogen.- Spezielle Arbeitsvorschriften.- Drogenliste.- Formelübersicht.- DC-Beschreibungen mit DC-Abbildungen Cyani flos Hibisci flos Malvae flos Abb. 1, 2.- Paeoniae flos Croci stigma Abb. 3, 4.- Einzel-Drogen.- Spezielle Arbeitsvorschriften.- Drogenliste.- Formelübersicht.- DC-Beschreibungen mit DC-Abbildungen Salicis cortex Abb. 1.- Hamamelidis folium Filicis rhizoma Pyrethri flos Abb. 2.- Lichen islandicus Abb. 3.- Podophylli rhizoma Abb. 4.- Visci albi herba Abb. 5, 6.- DC-Übersicht Aminosäuren Abb. 7, 8.- DC-Analyse einer unbekannten Arzneidroge des Handels.- Spezielle Arbeitsvorschriften.- Trenn- und Identifizierungsschema.- DC-Analyse von Phytomischpräparaten.- Verzeichnis der Sprühreagenzien.- Allgemeine Angaben Erläuterungen zur DC und Drogenextraktion tb309.

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Book SynopsisThe effect of calcium antagonists on heart muscle and blood circulation is the reason that they have found widespread clinical application for a number of years. Less well known, in contrast, is the effect this group of substances has on the kidneys, both on kidney cells and the blood flow through the kidneys. This effect was the subject of a workshop we organized in Tiibingen in June 1986. Different groups studied the effects of these substances, especially in animals, on the processing of calcium by the kidney cells and on blood flow. A possible explanation is that the calcium antagonists block the influx of calcium through special cell canals, especially the cells of the distal tubule. It is necessary to test whether there is a blockade or only a reduction in the passage of calcium. Our understanding of the effect of calcium antagonists is in large part based on the results of morphologic, physiologic, and pharmacologic studies of calcium in the kidneys. The particular processes involved in nephrocalcinosis are special objects of study with regard to calcium antagonists. This book presents the results of experimental studies of the effect of calcium antagonists on nephrocalcinosis and acute renal failure after ischemia. In this context, the clinician is particularly interested in the use of calcium antagonists to protect against the kidney in urolithiasis, in acute renal failure and during kidney transplantation. The book is thus of interest to urologists and nephrologists as well as pharmacologists. biochemists, physiologists, and others in research.Table of ContentsFundamentals.- Nephron- and Collecting Duct Structure in the Kidney, Rat.- Cellular Mechanisms of Renal Calcium Transport.- Factors Influencing Renal Calcium Excretion.- Ca2+ Antagonists — Mode of Action and Pharmacodynamics.- Nephrocalcinosis and Calcium Antagonists.- Pathological Anatomy, Etiology, and Pathogenesis of Nephrocalcinosis.- Clinical Aspects of Nephrocalcinosis.- Nephrocalcinosis in the Kidney of the Rat on Atherogenic Diet and the Effect of Calcium Antagonists (Nifedipine).- Influence of Calcium Antagonists (Nifedipine) on the Excretion of Calcium and Other Substances Relevant for Stone Formation in Rats with Nephrocalcinosis (Induced by Atherogenic Diet).- The Unique Chemical Composition of Nephrocalcinosis in Experimental Renal Insufficiency, Disturbances of Cellular Calcium Metabolism, and Protective Effect of Verapamil Against Nephrocalcinosis.- Calcium Antagonists in Acute Renal Failure and in Hypertension. Calcium Antagonists in Ischemic Acute Renal Failure (Improvement of Function and Morphologie Damage by Nisoldipine).- Effect of Calcium Antagonist Diltiazem on Acute Renal Failure: Experiments on Animals and Clinical Studies.- Renal Function in Hypertensive Patients and Calcium Entry Blockers.

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Table of Contents1. Einleitung.- 2. Theoretischer Ansatz.- 2.1. Begriffsdefinition.- 2.2. Syndromgenese.- 2.3. Auslesekriterien.- 2.4. Fragestellung.- 2.5. Stichprobenziehung.- 2.6. Zusammenfassung.- 3. Beeinflussung des Sexualverhaltens durch biogene Amine beim Tier.- 3.1. Wirkungsmechanismus der untersuchten Substanzen.- 3.1.1. Wirkungsmechanismus von PCPA und PCMA1.- 3.1.2. Wirkungsmechanismus von Methysergid, Mesorgydin und Danitracen.- 3.1.3. Wirkungsmechanismus von L-DOPA und Ro4–4602 plus L-DOPA.- 3.1.4. Wirkungsmechanismus von 5-HTP und Ro4–4602 plus 5-HTP.- 3.1.5. Wirkungsmechanismus von Reserpin und Haloperidol.- 3.2. Literaturübersicht.- 3.2.1. Beeinflussung des Serotonin-Stoffwechseis.- 3.2.2. Beeinflussung des CA-Stoffwechsels.- 3.3. Eigene Befunde.- 3.3.1. Fragestellung.- 3.3.2. Methodik.- 3.3.3. Wirkung von PCPA, Methysergid, Mesorgydin und Danitracen.- 3.3.4. Wirkung von Ro4–4602 plus L-DOPA, Ro44602 plus L-DOPA plus Reserpin und Ro4–4602 plus L-DOPA plus PCPA.- 3.4. Diskussion.- 3.5. Zusammenfassung.- 4. Einfluß biogener Amine auf die Hypothalamus-Hypophysen-Gonaden-Achse.- 4.1. Regulationsmechanismus der Hypothalamus-Hypophysen-Gonaden-Achse.- 4.2. Literaturübersicht.- 4.2.1. LH-, FSH- und PRL-Regulation durch biogene Amine beim Tier.- 4.2.2. LH-, FSH-, PRL- und Testosteron-Regulation durch biogene Amine beim Menschen.- 4.3. Eigene Befunde.- 4.3.1. Fragestellung.- 4.3.2. Methodik.- 4.3.3. Wirkung von L-DOPA auf die LH-Plasma-Konzentration.- 4.3.4. Wirkung von 5-HTP auf die LH-Plasma-Konzentration.- 4.3.5. Wirkung von PCPA auf die LH-, FSH- und Testosteron-Plasma Konzentration.- 4.3.6. Wirkung von Haloperidol auf die LH-, FSH-, PRL- und Testosteron-Plasma-Konzentration.- 4.4. Diskussion.- 4.5. Zusammenfassung.- 5. Hypothalamus-Hypophysen-Gonaden-Achse bei Patienten mit sexueller Impotenz.- 5.1. Literaturübersicht.- 5.1.1. Testosteron-Plasma-Konzentration bei Patienten mit sexueller Impotenz (Literaturbefunde).- 5.1.2. LH-, FSH- und PRL-Plasma-Konzentration bei Patienten mit sexueller Impotenz (Literaturbefunde).- 5.1.3. LHRH-Test bei Patienten mit sexueller Impotenz (Literaturbefunde).- 5.2. Eigene Befunde.- 5.2.1. Fragestellung.- 5.2.2. Methodik.- 5.2.3. Testosteron-Plasma-Konzentration bei Patienten mit sexueller Impotenz.- 5.2.4. LH-, FSH- und PRL-Plasma-Konzentration bei Patienten mit sexueller Impotenz.- 5.2.5. LHRH-Test bei Patienten mit sexueller Impotenz.- 5.3. Diskussion.- 5.4. Zusammenfassung.- 6. Hypothalamus-Hypophysen-Schilddrüsen-Achse bei Patienten mit sexueller Impotenz.- 6.1. Regulationsmechanismus der Hypothalamus-Hypophysen-Schilddrüsen-Achse.- 6.2. Literaturübersich.- 6.3. Eigene Befunde.- 6.3.1. Fragestellung.- 6.3.2. Methodik.- 6.3.3. T3-, T4- und TSH-Plasma-Konzentration bei Patienten mit sexueller Impotenz.- 6.3.4. TRH-Test bei Patienten mit sexueller Impotenz.- 6.4. Diskussion.- 6.5. Zusammenfassung.- 7. Entwicklung von Methoden zur Objektivierung einer therapeutischen Wirkung bei Patienten mit sexueller Impotenz.- 7.1. Psychophysiologische Untersuchungen zur Objektivierung einer therapeutischen Wirkung bei Patienten mit sexueller Impotenz.- 7.2. Entwicklung eines Fragebogens zur Objektivierung einer therapeutischen Wirkung bei Patienten mit sexueller Impotenz.- 7.3. Zusammenfassun.- 8. Beeinflussung des Sexualverhaltens durch biogene Amine beim Menschen.- 8.1. Literaturübersicht.- 8.2. Eigene Befunde.- 8.2.1. Fragestellung.- 8.2.2. Methodik.- 8.2.3. Wirkung von L-DOPA bei Patienten mit sexueller Impotenz (Pilot-Studie).- 8.2.4. Wirkung von PCMA, Methysergid und PCPA bei Patienten mit sexueller Impotenz (Pilot-Studie).- 8.2.5. Wirkung von Danitracen bei Patienten mit sexueller Impotenz (Doppel-blind-Studie).- 8.2.6. Wirkung von PCPA bei Patienten mit sexueller Impotenz (Doppelblind-Studie).- 8.2.7. Wirkung von PCPA plus Testosteron bei Patienten mit sexueller Impotenz (Doppelblind-Studie).- 8.2.8. Wirkung von 5-HTP auf gesteigertes Sexualverhalten und/oder Sexualdeviationen.- 8.3. Diskussion.- 8.4. Zusammenfassung.- 9. Wirkung von Releasing-Hormonen bei Patienten mit sexueller Impotenz.- 9.1. Literaturübersicht.- 9.2. Eigene Befunde.- 9.2.1. Fragestellung.- 9.2.2. Methodik.- 9.2.3. Wirkung von TRH bei Patienten mit sexueller Impotenz.- 9.2.4. Endokrinologische Untersuchungen unter TRH-Medikation.- 9.2.5. Wirkung von LHRH bei Patienten mit sexueller Impotenz.- 9.2.6. Endokrinologische Untersuchungen unter LHRH-Medikation.- 9.3. Diskussion.- 9.4. Zusammenfassung.- 10. Abschließende Zusammenfassung.- 11. Final Summary.- 12. Literaturverzeichnis.- Substanznachweis.- Abkürzungen im Text.- Dankwort.

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Book SynopsisDieser Band befaßt sich mit dem Einfluß von aminergen Neuronensystemen auf die Hypophysenvorderlappen-Hormonsekretion sowie die Wirkung von Psychopharmaka auf die aminergen Neuronensysteme im Zentralnervensystem. Die Frage, welchen Einfluß die verschiedenen Psychopharmaka auf die Hypophysenvorderlappen-Hormonsekretion bei gesunden Probanden sowie bei neurotisch und endogen depressiven Patienten haben, wird anhand umfassender Untersuchungsergebnisse abgehandelt.Table of Contents1 Einleitung.- 1.1 Einleitung und Fragestellung.- 1.2 Wirkung von Psychopharmaka auf die zentralnervöse aminerge Reizübertragung.- 1.3 Einfluß aminerger Neuronensysteme auf die Hypophysenvorderlappen (HVL)-Hormonsekretion.- 1.4 Aminerge Neuronen, HVL-Hormonsekretion und Depressionsforschung.- 2 Einfluß von Psychopharmaka auf die Hypophysenvorderlappen (HVL)-Hormonsekretion bei Probanden.- 2.1 Probanden und Methoden.- 2.2 Einfluß von Psychopharmaka auf die Wachstumshormon (GH)-Sekretion.- 2.2.1 Antidepressiva und GH-Sekretion.- 2.2.1.1 Desipramin (DMI).- 2.2.1.2 Clomipramin (CI).- 2.2.1.3 Nomifensin (NF).- 2.2.1.4 L- und D-Oxaprotilin.- 2.2.1.5 Bupropion.- 2.2.1.6 Indalpin.- 2.2.1.7 Zusammenfassung.- 2.2.2 Neuroleptika und GH-Sekretion.- 2.2.2.1 Haloperidol.- 2.2.2.2 Zusammenfassung.- 2.2.3 Benzodiazepinderivate und GH-Sekretion.- 2.2.3.1 Diazepam und Metaclazepam.- 2.2.3.2 Zusammenfassung.- 2.2.4 Diskussion.- 2.3 Einfluß von Psychopharmaka auf die Prolaktin (PRL)-Sekretion.- 2.3.1 Antidepressiva und PRL-Sekretion.- 2.3.1.1 Desipramin (DMI).- 2.3.1.2 Clomipramin (CI).- 2.3.1.3 Nomifensin (NF).- 2.3.1.4 L- und D-Oxaprotilin.- 2.3.1.5 Bupropion.- 2.3.1.6 Indalpin.- 2.3.1.7 Zusammenfassung.- 2.3.2 Neuroleptika und PRL-Sekretion.- 2.3.2.1 Haloperidol.- 2.3.2.2 Zusammenfassung.- 2.3.3 Benzodiazepinderivate und PRL-Sekretion.- 2.3.3.1 Diazepam.- 2.3.3.2 Zusammenfassung.- 2.3.4 Diskussion.- 2.4 Einfluß von Psychopharmaka auf die Cortisol-ACTH-Sekretion.- 2.4.1 Antidepressiva und Cortisol-ACTH-Sekretion.- 2.4.1.1 Desipramin (DMI).- 2.4.1.2 Clomipramin (CI).- 2.4.1.3 L- und D-Oxaprotilin.- 2.4.1.4 Indalpin.- 2.4.1.5 Zusammenfassung.- 2.4.2 Neuroleptika und Cortisolsekretion.- 2.4.2.1 Sulpirid.- 2.4.2.2 Zusammenfassung.- 2.4.3 Benzodiazepinderivate und Cortisol-ACTH-Sekretion.- 2.4.3.1 Diazepam.- 2.4.3.2 Zusammenfassung.- 2.4.4 Diskussion.- 2.5 Diskussion.- 3 Einfluß von Rezeptorblockern und –agonisten auf die antidepressivabedingte HVL-Hormonsekretion bei Probanden.- 3.1 Probanden und Methoden.- 3.2 Einfluß von Rezeptorblockern und -agonisten auf die DMI-induzierte GH-Stimulation.- 3.2.1 GH, DMI und Methysergid.- 3.2.2 GH, DMI und Phentolamin.- 3.2.3 GH, DMI und Yohimbin.- 3.2.4 GH, DMI und Prazosin.- 3.2.5 GH, DMI und Propranolol.- 3.2.6 GH, DMI und Clenbuterol.- 3.2.7 Zusammenfassung.- 3.3 Einfluß von Rezeptorblockern und -agonisten auf die DMI-induzierte PRL-Stimulation.- 3.3.1 PRL, DMI und Methysergid.- 3.3.2 PRL, DMI und Phentolamin.- 3.3.3 PRL, DMI und Yohimbin.- 3.3.4 PRL, DMI und Prazosin.- 3.3.5 PRL, DMI und Propranolol.- 3.3.6 PRL, DMI und Clenbuterol.- 3.3.7 Zusammenfassung.- 3.4 Einfluß von Rezeptorblockern und -agonisten auf die DMI-induzierte Cortisol-ACTH-Stimulation.- 3.4.1 Cortisol, DMI und Methysergid.- 3.4.2 Cortisol, DMI und Phentolamin.- 3.4.3 Cortisol, DMI und Yohimbin.- 3.4.4 Cortisol, ACTH, DMI und Prazosin.- 3.4.5 Cortisol, DMI und Propranolol.- 3.4.6 Cortisol, DMI und Clenbuterol.- 3.4.7 Zusammenfassung.- 3.5 Diskussion.- 4 Desipramin(DM1)-bedingte GH-Stimulation bei depressiven Patienten und Probanden.- 4.1 Fragestellung zur GH-Sekretion nach Desipramin (DMI) bei depressiven Patienten und Probanden.- 4.2 Probanden, Patienten und Methoden.- 4.2.1 GH-Sekretion nach DMI bei Probanden und Probandinnen verschiedenen Alters.- 4.2.2 Befunddokumentation der Patienten.- 4.2.3 Auswahl der Patienten.- 4.2.4 Auswertung der Analysegruppe.- 4.3 Ergebnisse.- 4.3.1 Probanden und Probandinnen.- 4.3.1.1 GH-Sekretion nach DMI bei Probanden nach Altersdekaden gestaffelt.- 4.3.1.2 GH-Sekretion nach DMI bei Probandinnen nach Altersdekaden gestaffelt.- 4.3.1.3 GH-Sekretion nach DMI bei Probandinnen in Abhängigkeit vom Zyklus.- 4.3.1.4 Zusammenfassung.- 4.3.2 GH-Sekretion nach DMI bei Patienten und Patientinnen.- 4.3.2.1 Schweregrad der depressiven Erkrankung (Hamilton-Depressionsskala, HAMD) und GH-Sekretion.- 4.3.2.2 GH-Sekretion nach DMI bei depressiven Patienten (aufgeteilt nach Diagnosen) im Vergleich zu Probanden.- 4.3.2.2.1 Monopolar endogen depressive Patienten (ICD 296.1).- 4.3.2.2.2 Bipolar endogen depressive Patienten (ICD 296.3).- 4.3.2.2.3 Neurotisch depressive Patienten (ICD 300.4).- 4.3.2.2.4 Monopolar endogen depressive Patientinnen (ICD 296.1).- 4.3.2.2.5 Bipolar endogen depressive Patientinnen (ICD 296.3).- 4.3.2.2.6 Neurotisch depressive Patientinnen (ICD 300.4).- 4.3.2.3 Zusammenfassung.- 4.3.3 Gruppenvergleich der GH-Sekretion nach DMI und der DMI-bedingten GH-Stimulation bei Patienten und Probanden.- 4.3.3.1 GH-Sekretion nach DMI bei Patienten und Probanden anhand der Flächenintegrale.- 4.3.3.2 GH-Sekretion nach DMI bei Patientinnen und Probandinnen anhand der Flächenintegrale.- 4.3.3.3 Vergleich der GH-Stimulation 60 min nach DMI bei Patienten und Probanden.- 4.3.3.4 Vergleich der GH-Stimulation 60 min nach DMI bei Patientinnen und Probandinnen.- 4.4 Zusammenfassung und Diskussion.- 5 Zusammenfassung.- Literatur.

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Book SynopsisEinleitung.- Naturwissenschaftlich-medizinische Grundlagen.- Rechtlicher Status und regulatorische Rahmenbedingungen.- Zulassung.- Herstellung.- Erstattung.- Fazit.

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Book Synopsis(1952), HoRNING (1956), DoNTENWILL und EDER (1959)]. Wir sahen dabei fast immer basophile Adenome mit z. T. hochgradiger Zellpolymorphie und typischen Crooke-Zellen rpit Vacuolen (Abb. 3a u. b). Die Adenome fiihrten hiiufig zu De- formierungen der Schiidelbasis. Bei diesen Adenomen konnten keine Veriinderun- gen an den endokrinen Driisen oder endokrin gesteuerten Organen nachgewiesen werden, die auf eine Mehrsekretion der vergr6Berten Hypophyse hindeuten. 1. Spezielle Hypophysenadenome Wahrend bei den bisher angefiihrten Adenomen oder Hyperplasien keine be- stimmte Differenzierung nach ihrer Sekretion bzw. Leistung vorgenommen werden konnte, wurden in den letzten Jahren besonders von FURTH (1955, 1957, 1958), FURTH und CLIFTON (1957), CLIFTON (1959) eine Reihe von verschiedenartigen Hypophysenadenomen beschrieben [Obersicht iiber diese Hypophysenade- nome, ihre Ursachen, ihre hormonelle Leistung bzw. Struktur zeigt ein Schema (Tab. 1) aus der Monographie von KwA HoNG GroG (1961)], die als mammatrope, adrenocorticotrope, thyreotrope, somatothyreotrope und amphophile Adenome bezeichnet wurden. Die Differenzierung dieser Adenome bezieht sich z. T. auf ihre spezifische Leistung, z. T. auf ihre typische Zellstruktur. RussFIELD, FRIEDLER Tabelle I. Schematische Einteilung der Hypophysentumoren bei Maus und Ratte Proliferierender Zelltyp anznnehmende Art der Experimentelle Bedingungen tatsiichlich Hormonbildung Hypophysenstimuliernng 1eoretisch erwartet beobachtet tsophiler {J-Z entgranulierter TSH (,thyro- Chirurgische Schilddriisen- Unterbrechung des basophiler trophin" usw. ) entfernung; ,Radiothy- W echselmechanismus {J-Z.Table of ContentsTumours arising from vertical transmission.- Erzeugung von Tumoren durch endogenhormonelle Faktoren.- Zusammenfassung.- Namenverzeichnis.

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Book SynopsisFor centuries preparations containing resin from the root of Thapsia garganica L. (Fig. 1) have been used in Arabian and European medicine for treatment of pulmonary diseases, catarrh and as counterirritants for relief of rheumatic pains (1). The properties of the resin were described already by Theophrastos (372-287 B. C. ), Dioscorides (approximately A. D. 50), and Plinius (A. D. 24-79) (2). Radix Thapsiae and Resina Thapsiae have been included in several pharmacopoeias, the latest in the French pharmacopoeia from 1937. The two major active principles were about Fig. I. Thapsia garganica References, pp. 163-167 Sesquiterpenoids from Thapsia Species 131 Thapsigargin (1), Rl: Oct, R2= But Thapsigargicin (2), Rl= Hex, R2 = But Thapsitranstagin (3), Rl: iVai, R2= 2-MeBut Thapsivillosin A (4), Rl= Ang, R2= Sen Thapsivillosin B ( 5), Rl: Ang, R2= 2-MeBut Thapsivillosin C ( 6), Rl= Oct, R2= 2-MeBut Thapsivillosin D ( 7), Rl: 6-MeOct, R2= Sen Thapsivillosin E ( 8), Rl: 6-MeOct, R2= 2-MeBut Thapsivillosin G ( 9), Rl= 6-MeHcp, R2= 2-MeBut Thapsivillosin H ( 10), Rl or R2= Ang or Sen Thapsivillosin I ( 11), Rl= Ang, R2= But Thapsivillosin J ( 12), Rl: iVai, R2= But Thapsivillosin K ( 13), Rl: Sen, R2= 2-MeBut Chart 1. Hexaoxygenated thapsigargins found in Thapsia two decades ago found to be the sesquiterpene lactones thapsigargin (1) and thapsigargicin (2) (3).Table of ContentsThe Explosion of Structural Information on Insect Neuropeptides.- 1. Introduction.- 2. General Methods Used for Isolation, Identification and Characterization of Insect Neuropeptides.- 2.1. Biological Assays.- 2.1.1. Adipokinetic Bioassay.- 2.1.2. Myotropic Bioassay.- 2.2. Liquid Chromatography.- 2.3. Edman Degradation Sequencing, Mass Spectrometry and Peptide Synthesis.- 2.4. Immunological Techniques (RIA, ELISA, Immunocytochemistry).- 2.5. Molecular Biological Techniques.- 3. The Insect Neuropeptides.- 3.1. Peptides Involved in Homeostasis and Metabolism.- 3.1.1. Adipokinetic and Hypertrehalosaemic Peptides.- 3.1.2. Diuretic and Antidiuretic Peptides.- 3.2. Peptides Regulating Reproduction, Growth and Development.- 3.2.1. Pheromone Biosynthesis Activating Neuropeptides.- 3.2.2. Allatotropins and Allatostatins.- 3.2.2.1. Allatotropins.- 3.2.2.2. Allatostatins.- 3.2.3. Prothoracicotropic Hormone, Bombyxin and Other Insulin-Related Neuropeptides.- 3.2.3.1. Prothoracicotropic Hormone.- 3.2.3.2. Bombyxin.- 3.2.3.3. Locusta Insulin-Related Peptide.- 3.2.4. Eclosion Hormones.- 3.2.5. Peptides Affecting Gonad Activity.- 3.2.5.1. Ovary Maturating Peptide and Neuroparsin of Locusta migratoria.- 3.2.5.2. Oostatic Hormones of Diptera.- 3.2.6. Diapause Hormones.- 3.3. Peptides Modifying Spontaneous Muscle Contractions:Mytropic Peptides.- 3.3.1. Proctolin and Cardiostimulatory Peptides.- 3.3.2. Myokinins.- 3.3.3. Sulfakinins.- 3.3.4. Pyrokinins/Myotropins.- 3.3.5. Tachykinins.- 3.3.6. Periviscerokinin.- 3.3.7. Accessory Glands- and Midgut Myotropins and Others.- 3.3.8. Myoinhibitory Peptides and Other FMRF amide Related Peptides (FaRPs).- 3.4. Chromatotropic Factors in Insects.- 4. Conclusions.- Acknowledgments.- References.- Sesquiterpenoids from Thapsia Species and Medicinal Chemistry of the Thapsigargins.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Taxonomy of Thapsia.- 2.1. Thapsia garganica and Thapsia transtagana.- 2.2. Thapsia maxima.- 2.3. Thapsia villosa.- 2.4. Thapsia gymnesica.- 3. Elucidation of the Structure of Thapsigargin.- 4. Proazulenic Slovanolides.- 5. Non-lactonic Sesquiterpenoids from Thapsia.- 6. Pharmacological Activity of the Thapsigargins.- 7. Molecular Pharmacology.- 8. Chemistry of Thapsigargin.- 8.1. Changes at C(8).- 8.2. Changes at C(3).- 8.3. Changes of the Vicinal Diol.- 8.4. Changes of Lactone Carbonyl Group.- 8.5. Changes at O(10).- 9. Structure Activity Relationships.- 10. Metabolic Catabolism of Thapsigargin.- References.- Pregnane Glycosides.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Isolation and Identification.- 2.1. Thin Layer and Column Chromatography.- 2.2. Sephadex LH-20 Chromatography.- 2.3. Flash Chromatography.- 2.4. Low Pressure Liquid Chromatography (LPLC).- 2.5. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).- 3. Structure Elucidation.- 3.1. One-Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy.- 3.2. Two-Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy.- 3.3. Mass Spectrometry.- 3.4. I.R. Spectroscopy.- 3.5. U.V. Spectroscopy.- 3.6. Optical Rotatory Dispersion.- 3.7. Hydrolysis of Pregnane Glycosides.- 4. Pregnane Aglycons.- 5. Sugars of Pregnane Glycosides.- 5.1. General and Monosaccharides.- 5.2. Disaccharides from Pregnane Glycosides.- 5.3. Trisaccharides from Pregnane Glycosides.- 6. Biosynthesis of Pregnane Glycosides.- 7. Biological Activity.- Acknowledgement.- References.- Author Index.

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Table of ContentsChemistry of Synthetic Immunomodulant Muramyl Peptides.- I. From Freund’s Adjuvant to MDP.- II. Synthesis of N-acetyl-muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP).- 1. Protected Dipeptide Derivatives.- 2. Protected N-acetyl-muramyl Derivatives.- 3. Coupling of Protected Muramic Acid and Dipeptide Derivatives.- 4. Deprotecting Procedures.- 5. Synthesis of Labelled MDP.- III. Synthesis of Other N-acetyl-muramyl-dipeptides, Analogues and Derivatives of MDP.- 1. Modifications of the Peptide Moiety.- 2. Modifications of the Carbohydrate Moiety.- IV. Synthesis of N-acetyl-muramyl-tri-, tetra-, and -pentapeptides, and of Some Analogs Bearing a Lipophilic Group at the C-terminal End.- 1. Substitution of the ?-amide Group of MDP by a Free or Amidated Amino Acid.- 2. Lengthening of the Peptide Chain at the Carboxyl Function of MDP.- 3. Lipophilic Derivatives of N-acetyl-muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-L-alanine.- V. Synthesis of N-acetyl-?-D-glucosaminyl-(1–4)-N-acetyl-muramyl-peptides.- VI. Synthesis of Oligomers and Conjugates of MDP.- 1. Synthesis of Oligomers of MDP.- 2. Synthesis of Conjugates of MDP.- VII. Mass Spectrometry of MDP and Analogues.- VIII. 13C-NMR Spectrometry of MDP and Derivatives.- IX. Analysis of MDP.- Addendum.- References.- Appendix: Leading References on Biological Activities of MDP and Derivatives.- The Chemistry of Longifolene and Its Derivatives..- I. Introduction.- II. Isolation, Occurrence.- III. Structure.- IV. Synthesis.- V. Isolongifolene.- 1. Structure.- 2. Synthesis.- 3. Mechanism of Rearrangement.- VI. Reactions of Longifolene.- 1. “Normal” Reactions.- a) Addition Reactions.- b) Substitution Reactions.- 2. Skeletal Rearrangements.- a) Simple Wagner-Meerwein Rearrangements.- b) Deep-Seated Rearrangements.- 3. Steric Diversion.- a) Electrophilic Additions.- b) Oxidations.- 4. Transannular Reactions.- a) Radical Reactions.- b) Ionic Reactions.- c) Lead Tetraacetate Oxidation of Longifolols.- 5. Conversions into Other Sesquiterpene Skeletons.- 6. Miscellaneous Transformations.- VII. Reactions of Isolongifolene.- 1. Epoxidation and Reactions of Epoxide.- 2. Addition of Halogens and Pseudo-Halogens.- VIII. Ultraviolet Absorption of Some Longifolene Derivatives.- IX. Biosynthesis.- X. Longifolene in Industry.- References.- Homoisoflavanones and Biogenetically Related Compounds..- 1. Introduction.- 2. Isolation and Identification.- 2.1. Isolation.- 2.2. Chromatography.- 3. Structure and Nomenclature.- 3.1. General Aspects and Nomenclature.- 3.2. Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy.- 3.3. Infrared Spectroscopy.- 3.4. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.- 3.4.1. 1H-NMR Spectra.- 3.4.2. 13C-NMR Spectra.- 3.5. Mass Spectrometry.- 3.6. Optical Activity and Absolute Configuration.- 4. Chemical Transformations and Syntheses.- 4.1. Synthesis of the Skeleton.- 4.2. Routes to Eucomol.- 4.3. Isomerization and Hydrogenation Reactions of the 3(9)-Double Bond.- 4.4. Deuterium Exchange Reactions.- 4.5. Acylation and Deacylation Reactions.- 4.6. Alkylation and Dealkylation Reactions.- 4.7. Further Reactions of Eucomol.- 4.8. Chemistry of Brazilin and Hematoxylin.- 5. Biosynthesis.- 6. Biological Activity.- 7. Chemotaxonomy.- References.- Naturally Occurring Phenalenones and Related Compounds..- I. Introduction.- II. Phenalenones and Related Metabolites from Fungi.- A. Occurrence.- B. Structure and Chemistry.- C. Synthesis.- D. Biosynthesis.- E. Biological Activity.- III. Phenalenones and Related Metabolites in Higher Plants.- A. Occurrence.- B. Structure Determination.- C. Spectroscopic Methods.- D. Synthesis.- E. Biological Activity.- F. Biosynthesis.- References.- Molecular Mechanisms of Enzyme-Catalyzed Dioxygenation. (An Interdisciplinary Review.).- I. Introduction.- II. Some Basic Chemistry of Molecular Oxygen.- III. Precedents for Metal-Activation of Dioxygen.- 1. How Would an Iron- or Copper-Protein Interact with Molecular Oxygen?.- 2. Precedents for the Transfer of Dioxygen Within the Co-ordination Sphere.- 3. Precedents for the Reaction of Co-ordinated Dioxygen with Free Substrates.- 4. Free Forms of Activated Dioxygen Generated by Metals.- IV. Precedents for Metal Activation of Organic Substrates.- V. The Double Bond-Cleaving Dioxygenases.- 1. Ene-diol Cleaving Dioxygenases.- 2. Extradiol-Cleaving Dioxygenases.- 3. Other Double Bond-Cleaving Dioxygenases.- VI. The Luciferases.- VII. Peroxidizing Dioxygenases.- VIII. Miscellaneous Dioxygenases.- 1. External Flavoprotein Dioxygenases.- 2. Sulfur Oxidizing Dioxygenases.- 3. Inositol Dioxygenase.- 4. Nitropropane Dioxygenase.- 5. Carotene Dioxygenase.- 6. Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylate/Oxygenase.- IX. ?-Keto Carboxylic Acid Decarboxylating Dioxygenases.- X. Summary.- Acknowledgments.- References.- Author Index.

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