Pharmaceutical chemistry and technology Books
Taylor & Francis Ltd Injectable Dispersed Systems
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Taylor & Francis Ltd Virtual Screening in Drug Discovery
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Taylor & Francis Ltd Photostability of Drugs and Drug Formulations
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Taylor & Francis Ltd 21 CFR Part 11 Complete Guide to International Computer Validation Compliance for the Pharmaceutical Industry
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Taylor & Francis Ltd The History of Medications for Women
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£56.99
Taylor & Francis Ltd GLP Quality Audit Manual
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£56.04
Taylor & Francis Ltd Novel Drug Delivery Systems 50 Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences
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Taylor & Francis Ltd Naturally Occurring Benzodiazepines Endozepines and their Receptors
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Taylor & Francis Ltd SprayFreezeDrying of Foods and Bioproducts
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Taylor & Francis Ltd Synthetic Organic Chemistry and the Nobel Prize Volume 2
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Taylor & Francis Ltd Natural Products and Botanical Medicines of Iran
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Taylor & Francis Ltd Preparing for FDA PreApproval Inspections
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Taylor & Francis Ltd Directory of Therapeutic Enzymes
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£56.04
Taylor & Francis Ltd Phytochemistry of Plants of Genus Ocimum
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£56.04
Taylor & Francis Ltd Phytochemistry of Plants of Genus Phyllanthus
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Taylor & Francis Ltd Phytochemistry of Plants of Genus Piper
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Taylor & Francis Ltd Wild Plants
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Taylor & Francis Ltd Drug Development for Rare Diseases
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£118.75
Taylor & Francis Ltd Physiological Consequences of Brain Insulin Action
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£128.25
Taylor & Francis Ltd Textbook of Ion Channels Volume III
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£87.39
Taylor & Francis Ltd Advanced Statistics in Regulatory Critical Clinical Initiatives
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£142.50
Taylor & Francis Ltd Quantitative Evaluation of Safety in Drug Development
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Taylor & Francis Ltd Noninferiority Testing in Clinical Trials
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Taylor & Francis Ltd Design and Analysis of Pragmatic Trials
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£87.39
Taylor & Francis Ltd Aagahdaya
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Taylor & Francis Ltd Astangahrdaya
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Taylor & Francis Ltd Value of Information for Healthcare DecisionMaking
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£99.75
Taylor & Francis Ltd Medical Biotechnology Biopharmaceutics Forensic Science and Bioinformatics
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£137.75
Taylor & Francis Ltd Wild Plants The Treasure of Natural Healers
Book SynopsisThis book offers a broad summary of the wild plants and their usage, as well as the growing interest in ethnopharmacology research. The book comprises of important issues such as diversity of wild plants with emphasis on medicinal and food plants, threats to wild plants and traditional ethnobotanical knowledge, their uses in skin diseases, snake-bites, in cosmeceuticals, etc. Moreover, the ethnopharmacological relevance of wild plants in Latin America has been discussed. The chapters include a wide range of case studies, giving updated evidence on the importance of their wild plant resources from different countries including Peru, Nepal, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Brazil. In addition, some specific species are used to explain their potential properties, as well as the dangers of their use without guidance of trained natural healers. The book discusses traditional usage and properties of wild plants and is entirely different from other related publications and useful for the reseaTable of ContentsGENERAL. Wild Plants as a Treasure of Natural Healers: The Need for Unlocking the Treasure. The Disappearance and Substitution of Native Medicinal Species. SPECIFIC COUNTRIES. Wild Plants of Northern Peru: Traditions, Scientific Knowledge and Innovation. Ethnic Uses of Plant Species among Magar People in Nepal. Some Plants Used as Phytomedicine by Tribal Healers of Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh. Argentinian Wild Plants as Controllers of Fruits Phytopathogenic Fungi: Trends and Perspectives. Plants from Brazil used against Snake Bites: Oleanolic and Ursolic Acids as Antiophidian against Bothrops jararacussu venom. Latin American Endemic (Wild) Medicinal Plants with High-Value: Ethnobotanical, Pharmacological, and Chemical Importance. Phytochemicals from Wild Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Argentina. The Zig-Zag Trail of Symbiosis among Chepang, Bat, and Butter Tree: An Analysis on Conservation Threat in Nepal. SPECIFIC PLANTS AND AILMENTS. Role of Wild Plants in Curing and Healing the Skin Diseases. Choerospondias axillaris (Hog plum): Multiple Health Benefits. Artemisia Species: Medicinal Values with Potential Therapeutic Uses. The Potential Use of Mandacaru (Cereus spp.) Bioactive Compounds. Subfamily Bombacoideae: Traditional Uses, Secondary Metabolites, Biological Activities and Mechanistic Interpretation of the Anti-Inflammatory Activity. Ayahuasca: Inherent Dangers in Its Consumption. Exploring the Plant Kingdom for Sources of Skincare Cosmeceuticals: From Indigenous Knowledge to the Nanotechnology Era. Ethnomedicinal and Pharmacological Importance of Glycyrrhiza glabra L.
£175.75
Taylor & Francis Ltd Phytochemistry of Plants of Genus Rauvolfia
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Taylor & Francis Ltd Phytochemistry of Plants of Genus Ocimum
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Taylor & Francis Ltd Phytochemistry of Plants of Genus Piper
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Taylor & Francis Ltd Phytochemistry of Tinospora cordifolia
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Taylor & Francis Ltd Phytochemistry of Piper betle Landraces
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Taylor & Francis Ltd RealWorld Evidence in a PatientCentric Digital
Book SynopsisReal-world evidence is defined as evidence generated from real-world data outside randomized controlled trials. As scientific discoveries and methodologies continue to advance, real-world data and their companion technologies offer powerful new tools for evidence generation. Real-World Evidence in a Patient-Centric Digital Era provides perspectives, examples, and insights on the innovative application of real-world evidence to meet patient needs and improve healthcare, with a focus on the pharmaceutical industry.This book presents an overview of key analytical issues and best practices. Special attention is paid to the development, methodologies, and other salient features of the statistical and data science techniques that are customarily used to generate real-world evidence. It provides a review of key topics and emerging trends in cutting-edge data science and health innovation.Features: Provides an overview Table of ContentsPreface: Real World Evidence and Digital Innovation to Combat Noncommunicable Diseases. 1. Real World Evidence Generation. 2. Applications of RWE for Regulatory Uses. 3. Ethics & Bioethics. 4. Real- World Data, Big Data and Artificial Intelligence: Recent Development and Emerging Trends in the European Union. 5. Patient centricity and Precision Medicine. 6. Health Information Technology. 7. Digital Health Technologies and Innovations. 8. Economic Analysis and Outcome Assessment. 9. Partnerships and Collaborations. 10. Global Perspective: China Big Data Collaboration to Improve Patient Care. 11. The Future of Patient-Centric Data-Driven Healthcare
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Taylor & Francis Sociology for Pharmacists
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Taylor & Francis Sociology for Pharmacists
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Taylor & Francis Drug Misuse and Community Pharmacy
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£166.25
Taylor & Francis Ltd Photostability of Drugs and Drug Formulations
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£308.75
CRC Press Physiological Pharmaceutics
Book SynopsisIn recent years, the emphasis in drug development has been the design of new delivery systems rather than new drugs. It is the aim of innovative pharmaceutical scientists to design the new dosage forms to overcome the body's barrier mechanisms which have specifically evolved to exclude foreign material.This book provides an integrated approach to the study of drug formulation in the body with the emphasis on the formulation variables rather than the drugs. The link between physiology and pharmaceutics is presented to give an essential background of biological principles for the pharmacy student, pharmaceutical formulator and healthcare professional. Complex mathematical aspects of physical chemistry have been avoided to facilitate understanding, enabling the reader to concentrate on how the biological environment affects the performance of the drugs and dosage forms. As the majority of drugs are administered via the oral route a large proportion of the book is devoted to theTrade Review'Provides essential information...There is no equivalent source work.' '...a worthwhile and valuable contribution to this area.'Table of Contents1. Cell Membranes, Epithelial Barriers and Drug Absorption 2. Parenteral Drug Delivery 3. Drug Delivery to the Oral Cavity or Mouth 4. Oesophageal Transit 5. The Stomach 6. Drug Absorption from the Small Intestine 7. Drug Delivery to the Large Intestine and Rectum 8. Transdermal Drug Delivery 9. Nasal Drug Delivery 10. Pulmonary Drug Delivery 11. Ocular Drug Delivery 12. Vaginal and Intrauterine Drug Delivery.
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Taylor & Francis Pharmacy and the US Health Care System
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Taylor & Francis Ltd Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology of Medicinal
Book SynopsisMedicinal and aromatic plants are beneficial to human health. Plant-derived molecules possess biological activities that can be used to prevent many infectious diseases and metabolic disorders. Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants summarizes techniques and methods used to study the biological activities of plant-derived extracts and compounds to study ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological features of medicinal and aromatic plants.This book: Includes computational approaches to study the pharmacological properties of biomolecules in medicinal and aromatic plants. Details methods in ethnopharmacology including chromatographical and analytical techniques. Demonstrates trends in sustainable use and management of medicinal and aromatic plants. Features information on databases and tools used in computational phytochemistry for drug designing and discovery. Elucidates the importance of phytocTable of ContentsChapter 1: Introduction to Medicinal and Aromatic Plants: Diversity, Biogeographic Distribution and Conservation Status. Chapter 2: Botanical Bases of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Chapter 3: Trends in Sustainable Use and Management of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants: Utilization and Development. Chapter 4: Threatened and Endangered Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Chapter 5: Ethnobotany, Ethnopharmacology, and Traditional Uses of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Chapter 6: Wild Edible Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in Ancient Traditions. Chapter 7: Ethnopharmacology and Ethnopharmacognosy: Current Perspectives and Future Prospects. Chapter 8: Phytochemistry and Biosynthesis of Phytochemicals. Chapter 9: Phytochemicals as Immunomodulators, Nutraceuticals, and Pharma Food. Chapter 10: Phytochemotaxonomy: Role of Phytochemicals in Plant Classification: Chapter 11: Biological Roles and Mechanism of Phytochemicals in Disease Prevention and Treatment. Chapter 12: Metabolomics of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Chapter 13: Methods in Ethnopharmacology: Phytochemical Extraction, Isolation, and Detection Techniques. Chapter 14: Chromatographic Techniques in Phytochemistry and Analytical Techniques in Elemental Profiling. Chapter 15: NMR-based Metabolomics and Hyphenated NMR Techniques. Chapter 16 Animal Models in Phytopharmacology and Toxicological Testing of Plant Products. Chapter 17: Computational Phytochemistry in Drug Discovery: Databases and Tools. Chapter 18: Nanoformulations and Herbal Drug Development. Chapter 19: Novel Phytochemicals Targeting the Signaling Pathways of Anticancer Stem Cell: A Novel Approach Against Cancer. Chapter 20: Evolving Challenges and Opportunities in Plant-based Drug Discovery and Development. Index.
£39.99
Taylor & Francis Ltd Antidiabetic Medicinal Plants and Herbal
Book SynopsisDiabetes is a chronic condition associated with metabolic disorder. Persons suffering from diabetes have shown accelerated levels of blood sugar which often harms the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves. Over the past few decades, the prevalence of diabetes has been progressively increasing. Synthetic drugs are used to treat diabetic patients to help control the disorder, but it is shown that numerous medicinal plants and herbal drugs are widely used in several traditional systems of medicine to prevent and treat diabetes. They are reported to produce beneficial effects in combating diabetes and alleviating diabetes-related complications. These plants contain phtyonutrients and phytoconstituents demonstrating protective or disease preventive properties. In many developing countries, herbal drugs are recommended by traditional practitioners for diabetes treatment because the use of synthetic drugs is not affordable.Key Features:ProvidesTable of ContentsSection A - Introduction to Diabetes: An Overview. Medicinal and Herbal Plants-Based Phytochemicals Associated with Antidiabetic Response. Antidiabetic Medicinal and Herbal Plants and their Mechanisms of Action. Section B - Antidiabetic Medicinal and Herbal Plants. Babul (Acacia arabica). Bael (Aegle marmelose). Church steeples (Agrimonia eupatoria). Onion (Allium cepa). Garlic (Allium sativum). Ghrita kumara (Aloe vera). Bitterweed (Andrographis paniculata). Sugar apple (Annona squamosa). Neem (Azadirachta indica). Orchid tree (Bauhinia variegata). Red spiderling (Boerhaavia diffusa). Ash gourd (Benincasa hispida). Beetroot (Beta vulgaris). Fever nut (Caesalpinia bonducella). Bitter apple (Citrullus colocynthis). Ivy gourd (Coccinia indica). Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globules). Banyan tree (Ficus benghalenesis). Gurmar (Gymnema sylvestre). Gurhal (Hibiscus rosa-sinesis). Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). Purging nut (Jatropha curcas). Mango (Mangifera indica). Karela (Momordica charantia). Mulberry (Morus alba). Kiwach (Mucuna pruriens). Black cumin (Nigella sativa). Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum). Guava (Psidium guajava). Bisasar (Pterocarpus marsupium). Anar (Punica granatum). Jamun (Syzygium cumini). Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia). Methi (Trigonella foenum-graecum). Bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina). Chinese date (Zizyphus spina-christi).
£147.25
Taylor & Francis Ltd InVitro and InVivo Tools in Drug Delivery
Book SynopsisThis book covers the essentials of drug delivery research and provides a unique forum for scientific experimental methods that are exclusively focused by the in-vitro, ex-vivo, and in-vivo methodologies of drug delivery research and felicitates translational research. The book includes recent and novel approaches in evaluation methods of transdermal, nasal, ocular, oral and intraoral, gastro-retentive, colon-targeted, and brain-targeted drug delivery systems. Providing up to date and comprehensive information, this text is invaluable to students, teachers, scientists, and others employed in the field of drug delivery. Table of Contents1. In-Vitro and In-Vivo Tools in Emerging Drug Delivery Scenario: Challenges and Updates 2. Intraoral and Peroral Drug Delivery Systems 3. Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems 4. Nasal and Pulmonary Drug Delivery Systems 5. Ocular Drug Delivery Systems 6. Gastroretentive Drug Delivery Systems 7. Colon Targeted Drug Delivery Systems 8. Brain Targeted Drug Delivery Systems 9. Parenteral Drug Delivery Systems Appendix: Characterization Parameter and Common Characterization Tools
£156.75
Taylor & Francis Ltd Biosimilars and Interchangeable Biologics
Book SynopsisWhat's the Deal with Biosimilars?Biosimilars are gaining momentum as new protein therapeutic candidates that can help fill a vital need in the healthcare industry. The biological drugs are produced by recombinant DNA technology that allows for large-scale production and an overall reduction time in costs and development. Part of a two-volume set that covers varying aspects of biosimilars, Biosimilars and Interchangeable Biologics: Strategic Elements explores the strategic planning side of biosimilar drugs and targets issues surrounding biosimilars that are linked to legal matters. This includes principal patents and intellectual property, regulatory pathways, and concerns about affordability on a global scale. It addresses the complexity of biosimilar products, and it discusses the utilization of biosimilars and related biological drugs in expanding world markets.Of specific interest to practitioners, researchers, and scientists Table of ContentsIntroduction to Biosimilar and Interchangeable Products. Intellectual Property Issues for Biosimilars. European Regulatory Guidance. EMA-Approved Biosimilars. FDA Regulatory Guidance. ROW Regulatory Guidance. US Commercialization. Global Commercialization. Quality and Lifecycle Management.
£96.99
Taylor & Francis Ltd Getting Research Published: An A-Z of Publication
Book SynopsisThe third edition of this popular and highly-regarded guide uncovers the ethics, conventions and often unwritten rules of publishing in peer-reviewed journals and at conferences. It provides clear direction on how to choose the right journal, avoid publication delays, resolve authorship disputes and many other problems associated with being published that pose challenges to new and experienced researchers alike.The A to Z format is highly accessible to readers with different backgrounds and varying levels of publication experience, including students and healthcare professionals, medical researchers and individuals working in drug companies and communications agencies. It will be particularly valuable to anyone involved in planning publications.Trade Review"In short, this is a must-have book for writers, editors and account managers in medical communications agencies in the publications departments of research institutions and pharmaceutical and medical device companies. I also recommend it to my fellow freelance writers as an easy way to ensure that you are ‘on the same page’ as the companies that you are working with when it comes to disseminating medical research findings" – Jane Tricker CMPP, Medical Writing"Like its predecessors this update of Liz Wager’s book is presented concisely, pragmatically and with the inimitable down-to-earth and sharp-witted style familiar to many of us...this book is the source of "Everything You Need to Know About Medical Publishing but Were Afraid to Ask" and could well be one of the best bookshelf investments you make this year". – Moira A Hudson, European Science Editing Journal"The 3rd edition of Getting Research Published successfully instructs in an authoritative, easy to use, and clear and concise manner."—Howard Bauchner, MD, Editor in Chief, JAMA and The JAMA Network "The first thing that strikes you about this book … is its sheer practical nature."—Peter Thorpe, Independent consultant in information and communications management, European Science Editing Journal (of a previous edition)Table of ContentsPUBLICATION STRATEGY – AN OVERVIEW. Step-by-Step Guide to Publication Strategy. Developing a Publication Plan for a Multicentre Study. How Long Will it Take? Working with a Medical Writer. Dr. Seymour and the Disappearing Paper: A Cautionary Tale. A TO Z OF PUBLICATION STRATEGY.
£39.99
MIT Press Ltd Quantitative Fundamentals of Molecular and
Book SynopsisA comprehensive presentation of essential topics for biological engineers, focusing on the development and application of dynamic models of biomolecular and cellular phenomena.This book describes the fundamental molecular and cellular events responsible for biological function, develops models to study biomolecular and cellular phenomena, and shows, with examples, how models are applied in the design and interpretation of experiments on biological systems. Integrating molecular cell biology with quantitative engineering analysis and design, it is the first textbook to offer a comprehensive presentation of these essential topics for chemical and biological engineering.The book systematically develops the concepts necessary to understand and study complex biological phenomena, moving from the simplest elements at the smallest scale and progressively adding complexity at the cellular organizational level, focusing on experimental testing of mechanistic hypotheses. After i
£68.40
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Crystallization of Lipids
Book SynopsisAn authoritative reference that contains the most up-to-date information knowledge, approaches, and applications of lipid crystals Crystallization of Lipids is a comprehensive resource that offers the most current and emerging knowledge, techniques and applications of lipid crystals. With contributions from noted experts in the field, the text covers the basic research of polymorphic structures, molecular interactions, nucleation and crystal growth and crystal network formation of lipid crystals which comprise main functional materials employed in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry. The authors highlight trans-fat alternative and saturated-fat reduction technology to lipid crystallization. These two issues are the most significant challenges in the edible-application technology of lipids, and a key solution is lipid crystallization. The text focuses on the crystallization processes of lipids under various external influences of thermal flucTable of ContentsPreface xiii List of Contributors xv 1 Introduction: Relationships of Structures, Properties, and Functionality 1 Kiyotaka Sato 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Lipid Species 1 1.2.1 Hydrocarbons 1 1.2.2 Fatty Acids 2 1.2.3 Alcohols and Waxes 4 1.2.4 Acylglycerols 4 1.3 Physical States and the Functionality of Lipid Products 5 1.4 Formation Processes of Lipid Crystals 7 1.5 Polymorphism 9 1.6 Aging and Deterioration 11 1.7 Trans‐Fat Alternative and Saturated‐Fat Reduction Technology 13 References 15 2 Polymorphism of Lipid Crystals 17 Kiyotaka Sato 2.1 Introduction 17 2.2 Thermal Behavior of Polymorphic Transformations 17 2.3 Molecular Properties 20 2.3.1 Subcell and Chain‐Length Structures 20 2.3.2 Conformation of Hydrocarbon Chains 24 2.3.3 Glycerol Conformations 25 2.3.4 Polytypism 26 2.4 Fatty Acids 27 2.4.1 Saturated Fatty Acids 27 2.4.2 Unsaturated Fatty Acids 32 2.5 Monoacylglycerols and Diacylglycerols 37 2.5.1 Crystal/Molecular Structures 37 2.5.2 Polymorphic Behavior 39 2.6 Triacylglycerols (TAGs) 41 2.6.1 Crystal/Molecular Structures 42 2.6.2 Polymorphic Behavior 46 2.7 Conclusions 54 References 54 3 Molecular Interactions and Mixing Phase Behavior of Lipid Crystals 61 Eckhard Floeter, Michaela Haeupler, and Kiyotaka Sato 3.1 Introduction 61 3.2 Thermodynamic Considerations 63 3.2.1 Framework for Engineering Calculations 63 3.2.2 Phase Behavior of Co‐Crystallizing Components 66 3.2.3 Governing Principles for Phase Boundaries 70 3.3 Effects of Molecular Structures on the Phase Behavior 70 3.3.1 Aliphatic Chain‐Chain Interactions: n‐Alkanes 71 3.3.2 Mixtures of Fatty Acids 72 3.3.3 Mixtures of Partial Glyceride Fatty‐Acid Esters 81 3.3.4 Mixtures of TAGs 82 3.4 Mixing Behavior of TAGs in Natural and Interesterified Fats 92 3.4.1 Cocoa Butter 93 3.4.2 Palm Oil 94 3.4.3 Coconut Oil 95 3.4.4 Milk Fat 95 3.4.5 Interesterified Fats 96 3.5 Crystallization Properties 97 3.6 Conclusions 98 References 100 4 Fundamental Aspects of Crystallization of Lipids 105 Hironori Hondoh, Satoru Ueno, and Kiyotaka Sato 4.1 Introduction 105 4.2 Physical and Structural Properties of Lipid Liquids 105 4.2.1 Preheating Effects 106 4.2.2 Liquid Phases of Triacylglycerols 109 4.3 Driving Forces for Crystallization 112 4.4 Nucleation 114 4.4.1 Homogeneous versus Heterogeneous 114 4.4.2 Polymorph‐Dependent Nucleation Kinetics 118 4.4.3 Secondary Nucleation 121 4.4.4 Crystal Seeding 122 4.5 Kinetics of Crystal Growth 125 4.5.1 Mechanism of Crystal Growth 125 4.5.2 Crystal Growth Rate 127 4.5.3 Polymorph‐Dependent Growth Rate 129 4.5.4 Spherulite 130 4.5.5 Epitaxial Growth 132 4.5.6 Morphology of Crystals 133 4.6 Conclusions 135 Acknowledgment 136 References 136 5 Supramolecular Assembly of Fat Crystal Networks from the Nanoscale to the Mesoscale 143 Fernanda Peyronel, Nuria C. Acevedo, David A. Pink, and Alejandro G. Marangoni 5.1 Introduction 143 5.2 Cryo‐TEM 144 5.2.1 Challenges Associated with the Microscopic Observation of Fat Microstructure 144 5.2.2 Sample Preparation for Cryo‐TEM 145 5.2.3 Nanoscale Structure Characterization 146 5.2.4 Effects of External Fields on Fat Nanostructure 148 5.3 Physical Interactions, Models, and Mathematical Methods 154 5.3.1 Models in General 155 5.3.2 Coarse‐Grained Interactions: Nano‐ to Mesoscale 156 5.3.3 Models Using Spheres 157 5.3.4 Introduction to Modeling the Statics and Dynamics of Aggregates 157 5.3.5 Static Structure Functions 158 5.3.6 Application 1: CNP Aggregation. Tristearin Solids in Triolein Oil 158 5.3.7 Application 2: Complex Oils. Tristearin Solids in Complex Oils 161 5.3.8 Application 3: Nanoscale Phase Separation in Edible Oils 162 5.4 Ultra Small Angle X‐Ray Scattering (USAXS) 164 5.4.1 Principles of X‐Ray Scattering 164 5.4.2 USAXS Instrumentation at the APS 167 5.4.3 Sample Preparation 168 5.4.4 Unified Fit and Guinier‐Porod Models 168 5.4.5 Experimental Results 170 5.5 Concluding Remarks 174 Acknowledgments 175 References 175 6 Effects of Dynamic Temperature Variations on Microstructure and Polymorphic Behavior of Lipid Systems 183 Laura Bayés‐García, Teresa Calvet, and Miquel À. Cuevas‐Diarte 6.1 Introduction 183 6.2 Influence on the Polymorphic Behavior in Bulk State 183 6.2.1 Single Tag Components 183 6.2.2 Binary Mixtures of TAGs 189 6.3 Colloidal Dispersion States 193 6.3.1 Emulsions 193 6.3.2 Organogels 196 6.4 Role of Thermal Treatments on End Food Products Properties 198 6.4.1 Milk Fats 198 6.4.2 Other Dairy Products 199 6.4.3 Cocoa Butter 200 6.4.4 Vegetable Fats 204 6.5 Conclusions 206 References 207 7 Lipid Crystal Networks Structured under Shear Flow 211 Farnaz Maleky and Gianfranco Mazzanti 7.1 Introduction 211 7.2 Overview of the Formation of Fat Crystals 212 7.3 Temperature Gradients and Optimal Supercooling 213 7.4 Basic Concepts on Shear Flow 214 7.5 Fat Crystallization under Shear 216 7.5.1 Shear Affects Polymorphic Transformations 216 7.5.2 Crystalline Orientation Induced by Shear Flow 219 7.5.3 Shear Affects Fat Structural Properties at the Micro‐ and Nano‐Length Scales 224 7.5.4 Physicochemical Properties of Sheared Fat Matrices 227 7.5.5 Effects of Shear Flow on Mass Transfer Dynamics of Crystallizing and Crystallized Materials 231 7.6 Concluding Remarks 233 References 234 8 Tailoring Lipid Crystal Networks with High‐Intensity Ultrasound 241 Yubin Ye, Peter R. Birkin, and Silvana Martini 8.1 Introduction 241 8.2 Fundamentals of Sonication 242 8.2.1 Acoustic Driving Force 242 8.2.2 Acoustic Cell Characteristics 243 8.2.3 Cavitation 244 8.2.4 Experimental Conditions 245 8.3 Tailoring Lipid Crystal Networks 246 8.3.1 Crystallization Kinetics 246 8.3.2 Inferential Mechanism 249 8.3.3 Postsonication Changes 250 8.4 Practical Considerations 255 8.4.1 Oxidation 255 8.4.2 Scale Up 257 8.4.3 Combination with Other Processing Methods 258 8.5 Conclusions and Future Research 258 References 259 9 Effects of Foreign and Indigenous Minor Components 263 Kevin W. Smith and Kiyotaka Sato 9.1 Introduction 263 9.2 Basic Understanding 264 9.3 Effects of Foreign Components 265 9.3.1 Emulsifiers 265 9.3.2 Indigenous Minor Components 276 9.4 Other Additives 276 9.5 Conclusions 278 References 279 10 Crystallization Properties of Milk Fats 283 Christelle Lopez 10.1 Introduction 283 10.2 Milk Fat: A Wide Diversity of Fatty Acids and Triacylglycerols (TAGs) 284 10.3 Crystallization Properties of Bovine Anhydrous Milk Fat (AMF) 285 10.3.1 Thermal Properties 285 10.3.2 Effect of Cooling Rate on AMF Crystals 286 10.3.3 Effect of Shear on AMF Crystals 295 10.3.4 Effect of Minor Lipid Compounds 295 10.4 Crystallization of TAGs in Bovine Milk Fat Globules and Emulsion Droplets 296 10.4.1 Effect of Cooling Rate and Tempering 298 10.4.2 Effect of the Size of Milk Fat Globules and Lipid Droplets 304 10.5 Crystallization Properties of Milk Fat in Dairy Products 306 10.6 Tag Compositions Affecting Crystallization Properties of Milk Fat 308 10.6.1 Technological Process: Dry Fractionation 308 10.6.2 Dietary Manipulations 312 10.6.3 Milk Fat from Various Mammal Species 315 10.7 Liquid Tag Phase 316 10.8 Conclusions 317 References 318 11 Crystallization Behavior of Sunflower Oil–Based Fats for Edible Applications 323 Maria L. Herrera and Silvana Martini 11.1 Introduction 323 11.2 High Stearic High Oleic Sunflower Oil 324 11.2.1 Fractionation of HSHO‐SFO 324 11.2.2 Crystallization Behavior 326 11.2.3 Polymorphic Behavior 329 11.3 Blends of Sunflower Oil and Milk Fat 337 11.3.1 Chemical Composition 340 11.3.2 Physical Properties 340 11.3.3 Addition of Palmitic Sucrose Ester 344 11.4 HSHO‐Based CBE 347 11.5 Conclusions 348 References 348 12 Physical Properties of Organogels Developed with Selected Low‐Molecular‐Weight Gelators 353 Jorge F. Toro‐Vazquez, Flor Alvarez‐Mitre, and Miriam Charó‐Alonso 12.1 Introduction 353 12.2 Basic Aspects of LMOGs: From Molecular Architecture to Functional Assemblies 355 12.3 Why Developing Organogels with Vegetable Oils? 356 12.3.1 Vegetable Oils as Solvent in the Development of Organogels with LMOGs 357 12.3.2 Relationship between Molecular Structure of LMOGs and Physical Properties of Organogels 367 12.4 Organogels of Candelilla Wax 373 12.4.1 Rheological Properties of Candelilla Wax Organogels Developed Applying Shear Rate 373 12.4.2 Applications of Candelilla Wax Organogels 377 12.5 Conclusions 377 References 379 13 Formation and Properties of Biopolymer‐Based Oleogels 385 Ashok R. Patel 13.1 Introduction 385 13.2 Formation of Polymer‐Based Oleogels 386 13.2.1 Polymer Oleogelation through Direct Methods 387 13.2.2 Polymer Oleogelation through Indirect Methods 389 13.3 Properties of Polymer‐Based Oleogels 393 13.3.1 Mechanical Properties 393 13.3.2 Temperature Sensitivity 394 13.3.3 Stability in Presence of Water 397 13.4 Potential Applications of Polymer‐Based Oleogels 397 13.4.1 Replacement of Beef Fat in Frankfurters 397 13.4.2 Heat‐Resistant Chocolates 397 13.4.3 Polymer Oleogels as Alternative to Full‐Fat Shortenings 397 13.4.4 Bakery Applications of Ethyl Cellulose Oleogels 398 13.5 Conclusions: Opportunities and Challenges 398 Acknowledgments 401 References 402 14 Lipid Crystallization in Water‐in‐Oil Emulsions 405 Nicole L. Green and Dérick Rousseau 14.1 Introduction 405 14.2 Basics of Emulsion Properties 406 14.3 Emulsifier Effects on W/O Emulsions 408 14.3.1 Mono‐ and Diacylglycerols (E471) 409 14.3.2 Sucrose Fatty‐Acid Esters (E473) 411 14.3.3 Lecithins (E322) 412 14.3.4 Sorbitan Esters and Polyesters (E491‐E496) 413 14.3.5 Polyglycerol Esters (E475 – E476) 415 14.4 Stabilization Modes of W/O Emulsions 415 14.4.1 Pickering Stabilization 416 14.4.2 Network Stabilization 420 14.4.3 Combined Pickering and Network Stabilization 421 14.5 Conclusions 423 References 424 15 Crystallization of Lipids in Oil‐in‐Water Emulsion States 431 John N. Coupland 15.1 The Basic Concepts 431 15.2 Surface Nucleation 432 15.3 Polymorphic Transitions in Droplets 436 15.4 Morphology of Crystalline Droplets 437 15.5 Colloidal Stability of Crystalline Droplets 439 15.6 Conclusions 442 References 443 16 Lipid Crystals and Microstructures in Animal Meat Tissues 447 Michiyo Motoyama, Genya Watanabe, and Keisuke Sasaki 16.1 Introduction 447 16.2 Depot Fat and Crystalline State 448 16.2.1 Adipose Tissue 448 16.2.2 Triacylglycerol (TAG) Compositions of Animal Fats 449 16.3 Fat Crystals and Quality of Porcine Adipose Tissue 450 16.3.1 Polymorphism of Extracted Porcine Fat Crystals 450 16.3.2 Fat Crystals and Macroscopic Meat Quality 454 16.3.3 Application to Actual Meat and Meat Products 455 16.4 Crystal Microstructures in Adipose Tissues 460 16.5 Concluding Remarks 462 Acknowledgments 462 References 462 17 Conventional and New Techniques to Monitor Lipid Crystallization 465 Annelien Rigolle, Koen Van Den Abeele, and Imogen Foubert 17.1 Introduction: What Would Be a Perfect Technique? 465 17.2 Conventional Techniques (and Advances Made) 466 17.2.1 Pulsed Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 466 17.2.2 Differential Scanning Calorimetry 469 17.2.3 X‐Ray Diffraction 472 17.2.4 Rheology 474 17.2.5 Microscopy 476 17.3 “New” Techniques with Potential for Online Monitoring 478 17.3.1 Ultrasonic Techniques 478 17.3.2 Laser Backscattering 484 17.3.3 Near‐Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy 485 17.4 Conclusions 485 Acknowledgments 486 References 487 Index 493
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