Pest control / plant diseases Books
Taylor & Francis Ltd Handbook of Plant Disease Identification and
Book SynopsisHandbook of Plant Disease Identification and Management presents the fundamentals of plant diseases identification based on symptomology and management focusing mainly on integrated pest management approach. It discusses a variety of techniques for the diagnosis of crop disease, losses due to crop diseases, and theories behind disease management. It describes how society is constraining the possibilities for management of crop diseases by changing the environment; biologically controlling crop diseases; and the epidemiologic and genetic concepts of managing host genes.This book discusses managing diseases through diverse chemical, biological, and physical methods. It highlights climatic factors affecting crops by creating favorable condition for most of the diseases. This book serves as a complete guide for growers, researchers, and graduate students to understand basics of plant disease identification. It explains the disease cycle for respective crops with favorable conditiTable of ContentsStrawberry. Tomato. Citrus. Apple. Banana. Pepper. Potato. Onion. Chili. Cucurbits. Ginger. Maize. Grape. Sugarcane. Guava.
£165.00
CSIRO Publishing Australian Longhorn Beetles Coleoptera Cerambycidae Volume 3
Book SynopsisThis third volume in the series on Australian longhorn beetles extends to include the taxonomy of genera and species of the subfamily Prioninae of the Australo-Pacific Region. Seven tribes, 50 genera and 166 species are included. All genera and most species are diagnosed, described, illustrated and included in keys to their identification.Trade Review"A phenomenally superb professional body of work which will stand the test of time as the ‘go to’ reference work for the prionines of our region for a very long time to come. Highly commended and highly recommended." -- Allen M Sundholm * The Society for Insect Studies *
£121.50
Springer Verlag, Singapore Trends in Horticultural Entomology
Book SynopsisThis edited book highlights the latest information on the use of nanotechnology, satellite technology, and biotechnological tools in pest management. It covers the role of climate change and ecology in managing pests and also their molecular identification. Other methods that the book encompasses are organic pest management, host-plant resistance, semiochemicals, and bio-control technology. The book also covers insect pollinators which play important role for fruits in horticultural crop production. Intensive and extensive cultivation of horticultural crops lead to serious pest problem. Climatic conditions in India and elsewhere due to which new pests have emerged that causes severe damage to the horticultural crops. In response to this, researchers have developed new techniques to fight pests and their growing resistance to pesticides. This book covers the latest information on identity, biology, damage, seasonal development, and pest management of the horticultural crop pests. It serves to be an essential tool for horticultural professionals, including development officers, horticulturists, field-level extension workers, nurserymen, planters, and entomologists, and is a valuable source of reference for relevant researchers, teachers, and students in the region.Table of ContentsAttached
£179.99
Nova Science Publishers Inc Invasive Forest Pests
Book SynopsisEvidence suggests that efforts to eradicate the Asian long-horned beetle appear likely to succeed, while the emerald ash borer and P. ramorum are likely to continue to infest and damage forest ecosystems indefinitely despite efforts to control them. The Asian long-horned beetle is a wood-boring insect from Asia that has caused separate infestations in parts of New York, New Jersey, and Illinois. Over 8,000 trees infested with the beetle have been removed, and over 600,000 trees have been chemically treated to protect against the beetle. As a result of these and other actions, federal and state agencies have been able to reduce the size of the infested areas. The emerald ash borer is also a wood-boring insect from Asia that has infested large areas in Michigan; Ohio; Indiana; and Ontario, Canada, killing an estimated 15 million trees. The pathogen P. ramorum is the causal agent of the disease known as Sudden Oak Death. It is of unknown origin and has infested large areas in central and northern coastal California and a small area in southern Oregon. This book examines these key environmental issues. This book is a fully-indexed excerpted version of a GAO report.
£103.49
Nova Science Publishers Inc Progress in Pesticides Research
Book SynopsisThis book focuses on pesticide research. A pesticide is a substance or mixture of substances used for preventing, controlling, or lessening the damage caused by a pest. A pesticide may be a chemical substance, biological agent (such as a virus or bacteria), antimicrobial, disinfectant or device used against any pest. Pests include insects, plant pathogens, weeds, molluscs, birds, mammals, fish, nematodes (roundworms) and microbes that compete with humans for food, destroy property, spread or are a vector for disease or cause a nuisance. Many pesticides are poisonous to humans.
£176.24
Nova Science Publishers Inc Fungicides: Chemistry, Environmental Impact &
Book SynopsisAntimicrobial agents, called fungicides, sporicides or biocides have long been used to control, prevent and remediate microbial growth. Currently public concern about the impact of pesticides, including fungicides, on human health is greater than ever before. Pesticides are essential in agricultural production, but they constitute a potential risk to humans who are exposed to them directly through various ways and indirectly through diet. In vitro techniques used to study in vitro metabolism and interactions are briefly described in this book, summarising the metabolic and kinetic properties of selected fungicides. Different analytical methods are reported in the literature for the analysis of fungicides. Developments in the methods devoted to fungicide analysis in environmental samples over the past 15 years are also looked at. In addition, biological contaminants, especially mould in buildings, which are known to act as sources of indoor air pollution, discomfort, asthma and pulmonary disease in building occupants and antimicrobial treatments of indoor mould and bacteria are reviewed. Finally, this book shows the current situation of the analysis of fungicide residues in environmental, biological and food samples, describing the analytical methods used for their determination.
£999.99
Island Press Whitewash: The Story of a Weed Killer, Cancer,
Book SynopsisIt's the pesticide on our dinner plates, a chemical so pervasive it's in the air we breathe, our water, our soil, and even found increasingly in our own bodies. Known as Monsanto's Roundup by consumers, and as glyphosate by scientists, the world's most popular weed killer is used everywhere from backyard gardens to golf courses to millions of acres of farmland. For decades it's been touted as safe enough to drink, but a growing body of evidence indicates just the opposite, with research tying the chemical to cancers and a host of other health threats. In Whitewash, veteran journalist Carey Gillam uncovers one of the most controversial stories in the history of food and agriculture, exposing new evidence of corporate influence. Gillam introduces readers to farm families devastated by cancers which they believe are caused by the chemical, and to scientists whose reputations have been smeared for publishing research that contradicted business interests. Readers learn about the arm-twisting of regulators who signed off on the chemical, echoing company assurances of safety even as they permitted higher residues of the pesticide in food and skipped compliance tests. And, in startling detail, Gillam reveals secret industry communications that pull back the curtain on corporate efforts to manipulate public perception. Whitewash is more than an expose about the hazards of one chemical or even the influence of one company. It's a story of power, politics, and the deadly consequences of putting corporate interests ahead of public safety.
£999.99
Nova Science Publishers Inc Phylogeography: Its Importance in Insect Pest
Book Synopsis
£39.74
Nova Science Publishers Inc Pheromone Applications in Maize Pest Control
Book Synopsis
£999.99
Nova Science Publishers Inc Cadmium Toxicity in Crops: A Review
Book Synopsis
£46.49
Nova Science Publishers Inc Pesticides: Characteristics, Uses & Health
Book Synopsis
£999.99
Scientific Publishers Journals Dept Recent Trends in Disease Management of Fruits and
Book Synopsis
£999.99
Scientific Publishers Journals Dept Disease Management in Arid Crops
Book SynopsisLike other agro climatic zones of India, crops in arid region also suffer enormously due to vagaries of plant diseases.
£999.99
Biotech Books Diseases of Grasses, Legumes and Ornaments
Book Synopsis
£22.50
International Book Distributing Co Advances in the Diseases of Plantation Crops and
Book Synopsis
£53.99
Apple Academic Press Inc. Advances in Rice Science: Botany, Production, and
Book SynopsisDuring recent decades, tremendous progress and innovations have been made in rice science with the goal of increasing production to meet the world’s growing demands. This new volume provides a concise overview of rice, covering the background and importance of rice; origin, evolution, and domestication of rice; and the world rice production. It goes on to provide new and important recent research advances on many different aspects of rice science and production. The authors look at advances in rice ideotypes, abiotic stress management techniques, biotic stress affecting crop productivity, new methods and technology for cultivation, and new methods and techniques in rice grain quality analysis and processing. It also describes new rice varieties, new hybrid rice technology, and new breeding methods for rice.Table of Contents1. Background and Importance of Rice 2. World Rice Production 3. Origin, Evolution, and Domestication of Rice 4. Rice Ideotype 5. Rice Botany 6. Physiological Basis of Rice Growth and Productivity 7. Research Advances in Abiotic Stress Management 8. Biotic Stress Affecting Crop Productivity 9. Methods of Cultivation 10. Rice Grain Quality Analysis, Food Quality, Chemistry, and Food Processing 11. Improvement of Rice: Rice Varieties and Hybrid Rice Technology 12. Research Advances in Breeding and Biotechnology of Rice
£78.84
Quiller Publishing Ltd Practical Deer Management
Book SynopsisThere are probably more deer in the United Kingdom now than there have been in the past thousand years. As they have increased in numbers and distribution so, too, have the issues associated with them. Practical Deer Management offers candid and comprehensive advice for anyone who has to deal with deer and the issues they present, be they gardeners suffering attacks on their flower beds, foresters looking to prevent damage to newly planted trees, or landowners with larger scale problems. While a wealth of information on deer exists already, a career in teaching countryside managers quickly made it apparent that there was a need for a straightforward and comprehensive volume that is accessible to all. Written to be clear and easily understood, Practical Deer Management looks at the deer themselves and suggests non-lethal protective measures in addition to more active management, with attention given to other considerations such as health, the law and the practical construction of infrastructure such as high seats. A humane approach is stressed throughout. Practical Deer Management is an essential handbook for anyone who has to deal with deer and the problems that they may present.Trade ReviewIn this long overdue book my old friend Charles Smith-Jones provides pragmatic, real-world advice for solving conflicts with deer. Refreshingly written in ‘everyman’ language it is straightforward and easy to understand. That Charles loves deer is immediately apparent, drawing on a life-times experience his heartfelt belief that our deer deserve to be managed respectfully with a humane approach underpins his writing. … Through this refreshing book there is the possibility for us all to find a better understanding and tolerance of all of our deer. It is set to become the classic work on the subject. -- Ray MearsPractical Deer Management is a highly polished fusion of a topical subject matter, a plethora of illuminating photographs and excellent hard cover presentation by Quiller Publishing. There is a lot to like about this book. Author Charles Smith-Jones shares his lifetime involvement of managing and harvesting UK deer in this easy to read, encyclopaedic, training manual. From the lifelike, eye-catching dust cover to the impressively useful Annexes, this book covers all facets of UK deer management in sufficient detail to satisfy the ardent of deer enthusiasts as well as those with a more casual acquaintance... Practical Deer Management provides practical information on most, if not all, aspects of potential human/deer encounters. If you only ever buy one book on UK deer, you should certainly consider Practical Deer Management being your purchase. -- Gary Creighton * British Country Sports *A management plan for deer on most lowland estates is becoming increasingly necessary and this book is a first-class guide in doing just that... I commend this book to all our members who have deer on their land — they always say that for every deer you see, there are four you don't. * CLA Land & Business *Charlies Smith-Jones will need no introduction to British Deer Society members. A former Trustee Director, Charles is currently one of the Society's technical advisers which, along with almost 40 years of experience with deer and a career in teaching game and wildlife management, perfectly qualifies him to deliver a detailed and thought-provoking personal view of current management practice. This is not another book about deer stalking... [it] is a well laid out, attractively-illustrated and annotated where appropriate with working examples... As time moves on and best practice all too quickly becomes yesterday's practice, it is valuable to have a body of sound and proven advice on deer management brought together in one easily-accessible volume. * Deer *If you own or manage land, you're more and more likely to come into contact with deer. From farmers and gardeners keen to minimise damage, to those planning to achieve an income from venison, this helpful handbook is essential reading for anyone with an interest in conducting or overseeing deer management. Boasting more than 200 pages of candid, comprehensive advice, with a foreword from renowned woodsman Ray Mears, Practical Deer Management is full of useful advice, beautiful photographs, and step-by-step guides to help the reader through their deer issues. * Countryside Magazine *I already have a few of Charles' previous books. Focusing on the major aspects of UK deer management, from deer impacts to cull planning to deer counts and herd welfare. I'm sure anyone with an interest in deer will learn something from this book. With excellent pictures throughout, Practical Deer Management is easy to read when compared with similar titles due to an easy-to-grasp style of writing that makes the intricacies of deer management far easier to understand. With a thoughtful foreword by TV personality Ray Mears, this is a book that I would recommend to any stalker. -- James Sutcliffe * Shooting and Conservation *[Charles Smith Jones'] new title is his piece de resistance! His accurate knowledge of the subject shines throughout the book, and it has been a pleasure to read over the past month. I would suggest that anyone with the slightest interest in current deer management adds it to their collection — gems of knowledge like this cannot always be found via a Google search! I can promise that you will not be disappointed. * Rifle Shooter Magazine *Table of ContentsForeword by Ray Mears Preface 1. Why Manage Deer 2. British Deer 3. Management: Passive or Active? 4. Active Management: Planning or Preparation 5. High Seats and Other Infrastructure 6. The Census 7. Cull Planning 8. Miscellaneous Matters 9. Health and Disease 10. The Law and Deer Endnote Appendix 1. Further Reading Appendix 2. Useful Addresses Appendix 3. Draft Cull Plan Appendix 4. Sample Risk Assessment Appendix 5. Sample Deer Management Report Appendix 6. Simple Letter of Permisssion Appendix 7. Suggested Briefing Notes for Group Activities Index
£25.00
John Wiley & Sons Inc Ecology of Invertebrate Diseases
Book SynopsisA rapidly growing interdisciplinary field, disease ecology merges key ideas from ecology, medicine, genetics, immunology, and epidemiology to study how hosts and pathogens interact in populations, communities, and entire ecosystems. Bringing together contributions from leading international experts on the ecology of diseases among invertebrate species, this book provides a comprehensive assessment of the current state of the field. Beginning with an introductory overview of general principles and methodologies, the book continues with in-depth discussions of a range of critical issues concerning invertebrate disease epidemiology, molecular biology, vectors, and pathogens. Topics covered in detail include: Methods for studying the ecology of invertebrate diseases and pathogensInvertebrate pathogen ecology and the ecology of pathogen groupsApplied ecology of invertebrate pathogensLeveraging the ecology of invertebrate pathogens in microbial controlPrevention and management of infectiousTable of ContentsList of Contributors xvii Preface xxi Section I Introduction 1 1 General Concepts in the Ecology of Invertebrate Diseases 3Ann E. Hajek and David I. Shapiro-Ilan 1.1 Introduction 3 1.1.1 What Is Disease? 4 1.1.2 Terminology and Measurements 5 1.1.2.1 Prevalence/Incidence 5 1.1.2.2 Pathogenicity/Virulence 5 1.1.2.3 Infection/Infectivity 6 1.1.2.4 Immunity 6 1.1.2.5 Transmission 7 1.1.2.6 Epizootic and Enzootic Diseases 7 1.1.2.7 Cycles of Infection 8 1.1.2.8 R0 and the Host Density Threshold 10 1.1.3 Factors Influencing the Ecology of Invertebrate Diseases 11 1.1.3.1 Host Range 12 1.2 Types of Studies 13 1.3 Why Study the Ecology of Invertebrate Diseases? 13 1.4 What this Book Covers 14 Acknowledgments 16 References 16 2 Methods for Studying the Ecology of Invertebrate Diseases and Pathogens 19Raquel Campos-Herrera and Lawrence A. Lacey 2.1 Introduction 19 2.2 Traditional Methods for Studying Diseases 19 2.2.1 Sampling Goals 19 2.2.2 Sampling Regimes 20 2.2.3 Methodologies 20 2.2.3.1 Searching for Infected Insects Using General Entomological Sampling Methods 23 2.2.3.2 Selective Media 23 2.2.3.3 Extraction Methods 24 2.2.3.4 Airborne Spore Sampling 24 2.2.3.5 Insect Baiting 24 2.2.3.6 Dispersal of Entomopathogens: Mark–Release–Recapture Method 25 2.3 Molecular Tools to Assist in the Detection and Quantification of Pathogens and their Impact on the Host 25 2.3.1 Employment of Proteins: The Beginning of the Molecular Era in Invertebrate Pathology 26 2.3.2 Techniques Based on the Nucleic Acids: the “Pre]Omics” Era 27 2.3.3 Advanced Techniques: qPCR, NGS, and the Arrival of the ]Omics Era 31 2.4 Traditional Versus Molecular Methods: Advantages and Limitations 33 2.5 Advancing the Frontiers of Ecology using Pathogens and Diseases 36 2.6 Conclusion38 Acknowledgments 38 References 38 Section II The Basics of Invertebrate Pathogen Ecology 49 3 The Pathogen Population 51Leellen F. Solter and James J. Becnel 3.1 Introduction 51 3.2 Characteristics of Pathogens 51 3.2.1 Invasiveness and Infectivity 52 3.2.1.1 Routes of Entry 53 3.2.1.2 Establishment of Infection and Tissue Tropism 54 3.2.2 Pathogenicity, Virulence, and Pathogen Replication 55 3.2.2.1 Virulence Factors 57 3.2.2.2 Attenuation or Enhancement of Virulence 58 3.2.3 Latency 59 3.2.4 Obligate, Opportunistic, and Facultative Pathogens 60 3.2.5 Transmission 61 3.2.5.1 Horizontal Transmission 61 3.2.5.2 Vertical Transmission 62 3.2.5.3 Indirect Transmission 63 3.2.6 Genetic Variability and Potential for Coevolution with Hosts 64 3.2.6.1 Species and Strains 64 3.2.6.2 Host Specificity 65 3.3 Pathogen Effects on Host Development and Behavior 66 3.4 Pathogen Populations 67 3.4.1 Density]Dependent Pathogens 67 3.4.2 Density]Independent Pathogens 68 3.4.3 Pathogen Persistence in the Host Population 68 3.4.3.1 Chronic Infections and Vertical Transmission 69 3.4.3.2 Alternative and Alternate/Intermediate Hosts 69 3.4.3.3 Pathogen Survival in Cadavers and in Plant Tissues 70 3.4.3.4 Latency in Host Populations 70 3.4.4 Persistence of Pathogen Stages in the Environment 71 3.5 Dispersal and Spatial Distribution of Pathogens 72 3.5.1 Physical Factors: Wind and Water Dispersal 73 3.5.2 Biological Factors 73 3.5.3 Spatial Distribution 74 3.6 Pathogen Interactions 75 3.6.1 Interactions with other Biological Agents 75 3.6.2 Interactions with Pesticides and other Chemicals 77 3.6.3 Enhancing Factors 77 3.7 Conclusion 78 References 79 4 The Host Population 101Louela A. Castrillo 4.1 Introduction 101 4.2 General Host Factors 103 4.2.1 Routes of Pathogen Acquisition 103 4.2.2 Insect Species, Life Stage, Age, and Gender 103 4.2.3 Population Density 104 4.3 Barriers to Microbial Infection 105 4.3.1 Insect Integument 105 4.3.2 Tracheae 107 4.3.3 Insect Gut 108 4.3.3.1 Peritrophic Membrane and Basal Lamina 108 4.3.3.2 Conditions in the Gut Lumen 108 4.3.3.3 Sloughing of Infected Epidermal Cells 109 4.4 Defenses against Microbial Infection 110 4.4.1 Innate Immune System 110 4.4.1.1 Constitutive Innate Immunity: Cellular Immunity 110 4.4.1.2 Constitutive Innate Immunity: Phenoloxidase 113 4.4.1.3 Induced Innate Immunity: Reactive Oxygen Species 113 4.4.1.4 Induced Innate Immunity: Antimicrobial Peptides 114 4.4.2 Microbiome]Based Defenses 117 4.4.2.1 Gut Microbiota 117 4.4.2.2 Intracellular Symbionts 118 4.4.3 Behavioral Defenses 119 4.4.3.1 Avoidance/Evasion 120 4.4.3.2 Grooming and Hygienic Behaviors 121 4.4.3.3 Diet]Based Prophylactic and Therapeutic Defenses 122 4.4.3.4 Thermoregulation 123 4.4.3.5 Deposition of Antimicrobial Compounds 123 4.5 Resistance via Priming 124 4.6 Conclusion 125 Acknowledgments 126 References 126 5 Abiotic Factors 143Dana Ment, Ikkei Shikano and Itamar Glazer 5.1 Introduction 143 5.2 The Surviving Unit 143 5.2.1 Nematodes 143 5.2.2 Fungi 144 5.2.3 Viruses 145 5.2.4 Bacteria 146 5.3 Abiotic Factors Affecting Invertebrate Pathogens 146 5.3.1 Temperature 146 5.3.1.1 Nematodes 147 5.3.1.2 Fungi 148 5.3.1.3 Viruses 150 5.3.1.4 Bacteria 152 5.3.2 Moisture and Humidity 152 5.3.2.1 Nematodes 153 5.3.2.2 Fungi 154 5.3.2.3 Viruses 155 5.3.2.4 Bacteria 156 5.3.3 Ultraviolet Radiation 156 5.3.3.1 Nematodes 157 5.3.3.2 Fungi 157 5.3.3.3 Viruses 158 5.3.3.4 Bacteria 158 5.3.4 Chemical Inputs 159 5.3.4.1 Nematodes 159 5.3.4.2 Fungi 160 5.3.4.3 Viruses 160 5.3.4.4 Bacteria 161 5.3.5 Other Habitat Characteristics 162 5.3.5.1 Nematodes 162 5.3.5.2 Fungi 163 5.3.5.3 Viruses 164 5.3.5.4 Bacteria 165 5.4 Mechanisms of Survival 165 5.4.1 Nematodes 165 5.4.2 Fungi 166 5.4.3 Viruses 166 5.4.4 Bacteria 167 5.5 Conclusion 167 References 169 6 The Biotic Environment 187Jenny S. Cory and Pauline S. Deschodt 6.1 Introduction 187 6.2 Tritrophic Interactions 188 6.2.1 Further Complexity 190 6.3 Pathogen– Natural Enemy Interactions 191 6.3.1 Entomopathogen–Entomopathogen Interactions 191 6.3.2 Entomopathogen–Parasitoid Interactions 195 6.3.2.1 Effects of Pathogens on Parasitoids 195 6.3.2.2 Effects of Parasitoids on Pathogens 197 6.3.2.3 Population Level Effects 198 6.3.3 Pathogen–Predator Interactions 199 6.3.4 Conclusion 200 6.4 Microbe- Mediated Defense 200 6.4.1 Heritable Symbionts 201 6.4.2 Do Gut Microflora Influence Pathogen Susceptibility? 202 6.4.3 Future Directions 204 6.5 Conclusion 204 Acknowledgments 204 References 205 Section III Ecology of Pathogen Groups 213 7 Viruses 215Trevor Williams 7.1 Introduction 215 7.2 Diversity of Invertebrate Pathogenic Viruses 216 7.3 Distribution of Invertebrate Pathogenic Viruses 219 7.4 Key Aspects of Pathogen Ecology 220 7.5 Transmission 221 7.5.1 Horizontal Transmission 221 7.5.1.1 Estimating Horizontal Transmission 223 7.5.2 Vertical Transmission 223 7.6 Persistence 225 7.6.1 Persistence within the Host 225 7.6.2 Persistence Outside of the Host 226 7.6.2.1 Persistence on Plants 227 7.6.2.2 Persistence in Soil 229 7.6.2.3 Persistence in Water 230 7.7 Dispersal 231 7.7.1 Host]Mediated Dispersal 231 7.7.2 Environmental Factors Involved in Dispersal 232 7.7.3 Biotic Factors that Assist the Dispersal of Viruses 233 7.7.3.1 Predators 233 7.7.3.2 Parasitoids 234 7.7.3.3 Other Organisms 234 7.7.4 Agricultural Practices that Affect Dispersal 234 7.7.5 Spatial Patterns of Dispersal 235 7.8 Genetic Diversity in Viruses 235 7.8.1 Genetic Diversity is Pervasive in Virus Populations 235 7.8.2 Genetic Diversity Favors Virus Survival 237 7.8.3 What Generates So Much Genetic Diversity? 238 7.8.4 How Is Genetic Diversity Transmitted? 239 7.9 Role of Host Behavior in Virus Ecology 240 7.9.1 Foraging Decisions: What and Where to Eat 240 7.9.2 The Risks of Cannibalism 241 7.9.3 Sexually Transmitted Viral Diseases 241 7.9.4 Ecological Consequences of Host Manipulation by Viruses 242 7.9.4.1 Molecular Basis for Host Manipulation 243 7.10 Dynamics of Viruses in Host Populations 244 7.10.1 Pathogenic Viruses Can Regulate Populations 244 7.10.2 Ecosystem Characteristics that Favor Virus Transmission 246 7.10.3 Climate Change and Insect–Virus Population Dynamics 247 7.11 Influence of Abiotic Factors on Viruses 248 7.11.1 Effect of Ultraviolet Light on Viruses 248 7.11.2 Seasonal Effects on Viruses 250 7.11.3 Effect of Temperature on Viruses 250 7.11.4 Humidity, Moisture and Precipitation 251 7.11.5 Effect of pH on Viruses 251 7.12 Biotic Factors that Interact with Virus Populations 253 7.12.1 Plant Phenology, Structure, and Nutritional Value 253 7.12.2 Phytochemical–Virus Interactions 253 7.12.3 Virus Interactions with Alternative Hosts 254 7.12.4 Competition and Facilitation in Virus Interactions with Other Organisms 255 7.12.4.1 Virus Interactions with Parasitoids 255 7.12.4.2 Virus Interactions with Other Pathogens 257 7.12.4.3 Virus Interactions with Microbiota 258 7.13 Conclusion 258 Acknowledgments 259 References 259 8 Bacteria 287Trevor A. Jackson, Colin Berry and Maureen O’Callaghan 8.1 Introduction 287 8.2 Bacterial Pathogens and Associations with Insects 288 8.3 Pathogenicity and Virulence 294 8.3.1 Pathogenicity 295 8.3.2 Virulence 299 8.4 Disease Transmission 300 8.5 Survival in the Environment 301 8.5.1 Soil 302 8.5.2 Aqueous Environments 304 8.5.3 On the Phylloplane and In Planta 304 8.6 Population Dynamics: Epizootics and Enzootics 305 8.7 Evolution 308 8.8 Ecology Guiding Use of Bacterial Entomopathogens in Microbial Control 309 8.9 Conclusion 311 References 312 9 Fungi 327Ann E. Hajek and Nicolai V. Meyling 9.1 Introduction 327 9.1.1 Fungal Systematics and Taxonomy 328 9.1.2 Relevance of Fungal Systematics and Taxonomy in Ecology 330 9.2 Fungal Biology and Pathology 331 9.2.1 Biology and Pathology of Major Groups of Fungal Pathogens 331 9.2.1.1 Entomophthoromycotina, Entomophthorales 331 9.2.1.2 Ascomycota, Hypocreales 333 9.2.2 Distribution Patterns and Habitat Associations of Invertebrate Pathogenic Fungi 334 9.2.2.1 Patterns of Fungal Abundance and Distribution: Insights from the Use of Molecular Markers 335 9.2.3 Factors Governing Diversity Patterns of Fungal Pathogens 337 9.3 Dynamics of Fungal Pathogens 338 9.3.1 Disease Transmission 338 9.3.2 Fungal Dispersal 341 9.3.3 Fungal Environmental Survival and Persistence 341 9.3.4 Impacts on Host Population Densities over Space and Time 342 9.4 Interactions between Fungal Pathogens and Host Individuals 344 9.4.1 Host Responses to Fungal Pathogens to Prevent or Cure Infections 344 9.5 Impact of Abiotic Factors on Infected Hosts and Pathogen Inocula 347 9.6 Impact of Biotic Factors on Pathogenic Fungi 349 9.6.1 Endophytic and Rhizosphere Associations of Invertebrate Fungal Pathogens 349 9.6.1.1 Natural Occurrence and Distribution of Invertebrate Pathogenic Fungi as Plant Associates 350 9.6.1.2 Experimental Inoculations of Plants with Entomopathogenic Fungi 351 9.6.1.3 Direct and Indirect Fungal Interactions with Insects and Plants 352 9.6.2 Interactions between Host Symbionts and Fungal Pathogens 353 9.6.3 Interactions between Fungal Pathogens and Other Natural Enemies 354 9.6.3.1 Interactions among Co]infecting Pathogens 355 9.6.3.2 Interactions of Fungal Pathogens with Parasitoids and Predators 356 9.6.4 Mycoparasitism of Fungal Pathogens 357 9.7 Use of Pathogenic Fungi for Biological Control of Invertebrates 358 9.8 Conclusion 361 Acknowledgments 361 References 362 10 Microsporidia 379Gernot Hoch and Leellen F. Solter 10.1 Introduction 379 10.1.1 Mechanisms of Infection 380 10.1.2 Microsporidian Life Cycles 381 10.1.3 Pathology 381 10.2 Host Population 383 10.2.1 Susceptibility to Microsporidiosis 383 10.2.2 Immune Response 383 10.2.3 Behavioral Response 384 10.3 Pathogen Population 385 10.3.1 Virulence of Microsporidian Pathogens 385 10.3.2 Host Specificity 386 10.3.2.1 Physiological vs. Ecological Host Specificity 386 10.3.2.2 Host Range 386 10.3.2.3 Alternate Hosts 387 10.3.2.4 Microsporidia Crossing the Invertebrate–Vertebrate Barrier 387 10.3.3 Persistence in the Environment 388 10.4 Transmission 390 10.4.1 Horizontal Transmission 390 10.4.1.1 Transmission from Living Hosts 390 10.4.1.2 Transmission after Host Death 392 10.4.1.3 Transmission by Parasitoid Vectors 393 10.4.1.4 Effects of Host Development and Host–Microsporidia Interactions on Transmission 393 10.4.2 Vertical Transmission 394 10.5 Epizootiology 397 10.5.1 Microsporidian Prevalence in Invertebrate Populations and Impact on Host Populations 397 10.5.2 Microsporidia in Cultured Insects 398 10.5.3 Microsporidia as Potential Biological Control Agents 399 References 400 11 Nematodes 415David I. Shapiro-Ilan, Ivan Hiltpold and Edwin E. Lewis 11.1 Introduction 415 11.1.1 Diversity and Life Histories 415 11.1.2 EPN Distribution 420 11.2 Transmission 421 11.3 Host Population 421 11.4 Pathogen Population 422 11.4.1 Pathogenicity and Virulence 422 11.4.2 Persistence and Recycling 423 11.4.3 Dispersal and Foraging Behavior 423 11.5 Abiotic Environmental Factors 424 11.5.1 Soil Moisture 424 11.5.2 Soil Temperature 425 11.5.3 Soil Characteristics and Chemistry 425 11.5.4 Ultraviolet Light 426 11.6 Biotic Interactions 426 11.6.1 Interactions with Predators and Pathogens, Including Intraguild Competition 426 11.6.2 Cues Used in Host]Finding and Navigation 427 11.6.3 Tri]trophic Interactions (Plant, Insect, Nematode) 427 11.7 Applied Ecology and Aspects in Microbial Control 427 11.7.1 Production, Formulation, and Application 427 11.7.2 Approaches to Microbial Control 428 11.8 Conclusion 430 References 431 Section IV Applied Ecology of Invertebrate Pathogens 441 12 Modeling Insect Epizootics and their Population-Level Consequences 443Bret D. Elderd 12.1 Introduction 443 12.2 The Pathogen and its Hosts 445 12.3 Modeling Disease Transmission: A Single Epizootic 447 12.3.1 Phenomenological and Mechanistic Models 448 12.4 Fitting Models to Data 450 12.4.1 Akaike Information Criterion 451 12.4.2 An Example of the AIC in Action 452 12.5 A Bayesian Approach 453 12.5.1 Fitting a Bayesian Model 454 12.5.2 An Example of the WAIC in Action 456 12.6 Long-Term Dynamics 457 12.6.1 Long]Term Dynamics: Confronting Models with Data 458 12.6.2 Time]Series Diagnostics 459 12.7 Modifying and Applying the Model 462 12.8 Conclusion 463 Acknowledgments 463 References 463 13 Leveraging the Ecology of Invertebrate Pathogens in Microbial Control 469Surendra K. Dara, Tarryn A. Goble and David I. Shapiro-Ilan 13.1 Basics of Microbial Control and Approaches 469 13.1.1 Classical Microbial Control 469 13.1.2 Inoculative Release 471 13.1.3 Inundative Release 472 13.1.4 Conservation/Environmental Manipulation 472 13.2 Ecological Considerations 472 13.2.1 Host Specificity 472 13.2.2 Dispersal Ability 473 13.2.3 Virulence 473 13.2.4 Pathogen Density 473 13.2.5 Host]Related Factors 474 13.2.6 Transmission 474 13.2.7 Environmental Persistence 475 13.3 Methods to Improve Microbial Control 476 13.3.1 Improving the Organism as a Microbial Control Agent 476 13.3.2 Improving Production Methods 477 13.3.3 Improving Formulation and Application Technologies 478 13.3.4 Improving the Environment 479 13.4 Incorporating Microbial Control into Integrated Pest-Management Systems 480 13.4.1 Regulatory Issues 480 13.4.2 Standalone vs. Integrated Approaches 481 13.4.3 Case Studies 481 13.4.3.1 Orchard Crops 482 13.4.3.2 Row Crops 482 13.4.3.3 Forests 483 13.4.3.4 Greenhouses 483 13.5 Conclusion 484 References 484 14 Prevention and Management of Diseases in Terrestrial Invertebrates 495Jørgen Eilenberg and Annette Bruun Jensen 14.1 Introduction 495 14.1.1 Types of Production Facilities 496 14.1.2 Transmission of Insect Diseases in Production Facilities 499 14.2 Major uses of Insects and Mites in the Production and Transmission of Insect Pathogens within Production Systems 500 14.2.1 Pollination and Honey Production 500 14.2.2 Silk Production 507 14.2.3 Biological Control 509 14.2.4 Production of Insects for Food and Feed 512 14.3 Status of Diagnostic Services 516 14.4 Ensuring Production of Healthy Insects 516 14.5 Conclusion 519 Acknowledgments 519 References 519 15 Prevention and Management of Infectious Diseases in Aquatic Invertebrates 527Jeffrey D. Shields 15.1 Scope 527 15.1.1 Myriad Pathogens Infect Aquatic Invertebrates 527 15.1.2 Overview of Disease Issues in Assessing Epidemics in Aquatic Invertebrates 531 15.2 Oyster Diseases 539 15.3 Crustacean Diseases 543 15.3.1 Outbreaks in Shrimp Aquaculture 544 15.3.2 Disease Management in Shrimp Aquaculture 548 15.3.2.1 Switching Species and Specific Pathogen]Free (SPF) Stocks 549 15.3.2.2 Surveillance 550 15.3.2.3 Development of “Vaccines” 551 15.3.2.4 Ecological and Biological Control 551 15.3.3 Crayfish and Krebspest 552 15.3.4 Disease Emergence in Culture of the Chinese Mitten Crab 553 15.4 Crustacean Fisheries 554 15.4.1 Snow Crabs and Bitter Crab Disease 555 15.4.2 American Lobster and Epizootic Shell Disease 556 15.4.3 Spiny Lobsters and PaV1 559 15.5 Agencies for Disease Management 560 15.6 Conclusion 563 Acknowledgments 563 References 563 16 Ecology of Emerging Infectious Diseases of Invertebrates 587Colleen A. Burge, Amanda Shore-Maggio and Natalie D. Rivlin 16.1 Introduction 587 16.2 Host–Pathogen Relationships and Anthropogenic Change 593 16.2.1 Ecological Context of Invertebrate Host–Pathogen Relationships 593 16.2.2 Anthropogenic Change and Disease Emergence 594 16.2.2.1 Host Factors 595 16.2.2.2 Pathogen Factors 595 16.2.2.3 Environment Factors 595 16.3 Case Studies of Invertebrate Disease Emergence 596 16.3.1 Molluscan Herpesvirus Infections of Bivalves 597 16.3.1.1 OsHV]1 Infections of Pacific Oysters and Other Bivalves 598 16.3.2 Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease of Shrimp 601 16.3.3 Emerging Densoviruses of Arthropods and Echinoderms 603 16.3.3.1 Acheta domesticus Densovirus 603 16.3.3.2 Sea Star]Associated Densovirus 604 16.3.4 Emerging Pathogens of Pollinators 605 16.3.4.1 Varroa destructor and Deformed Wing Virus 606 16.3.4.2 Spillover and spread of Nosema ceranae 607 16.3.4.3 Multi]stressors, Bee Mortalities and Control Measures 608 16.3.5 Emergent Coral Diseases 608 16.3.5.1 Black Band Disease 609 16.3.5.2 Acroporid Serratosis 610 16.3.5.3 Problems Facing Coral Disease Investigations 610 16.4 Conclusion 611 Acknowledgments 612 References 612 17 Conclusions and Future Directions 627David Shapiro-Ilan and Ann E. Hajek 17.1 The Increasing Urgency of the Study of Invertebrate Pathogen Ecology 627 17.1.1 Food Security and the Role of Microbial Control 627 17.1.2 Conservation of Beneficial Organisms 628 17.2 The Future for Invasive and Native Invertebrate Pathogens 629 17.3 New Directions and Novel Tools for Studying Invertebrate Ecology 630 17.3.1 Molecular Tools 630 17.3.2 Chemical Ecology and Signaling 631 17.3.3 Exploring Other Novel Biotic Associations 632 17.3.4 Interdisciplinary Studies 633 References 634 Index 637
£101.60
John Wiley & Sons Inc Weed Science and Weed Management in Rice and
Book SynopsisThe book presents discussions on: Biology and ecology of major troublesome weeds infesting rice, wheat, corn, soybean, focusing on different cropping patterns in both tropical and temperate cropping systems and science-based weed management practices involving chemical, non-chemical, biological, integrated methods. Herbicides used, with their most recent classification, identification of new target sites, mechanisms and modes of action and how and why weeds evolve resistance to herbicides. New concepts, new paradigms and new technologies to manage evolution of resistance to herbicides including weed genomics, bioherbicides and allelochemicals. Highly recommended for students, teachers, researchers, agronomists, horticulturists, crop physiologists, and crop protection specialists in tropical and temperate agricultural systems, particularly in areas where major tropical weeds are posing potential threats to temperate agricultural systems.<Table of Contents Foreword Preface Chapter 1 Weeds: history, definition, classification, harmful and beneficial effects Chapter 2 Weed biology: Weed growth, reproduction, nature of crop-weed competition Chapter 3 Weed ecology: Weediness and adaptation Chapter 4 Rice and Rice-Based Cropping Systems Chapter 5 Mechanical, Cultural, Physical and Integrated Weed Management Chapter 6 Chemical control: Principles of Herbicide Use Chapter 7 Herbicides: Classification, uses, modes of action and target sites Chapter 8 Herbicide-resistant weeds in rice: history, causes, management Chapter 9 Biological control and use of bioherbicides Chapter 10 Biology and management of some problem weeds Chapter 11 Rice-Wheat and other Wheat-based Cropping Systems Chapter 12 Corn-soybean and rice-corn-soybean cropping systems Chapter 13 Weed science and weed management: current issues and future perspectives Index
£234.00
CABI Publishing Biocontrol Agents: Entomopathogenic and Slug
Book SynopsisThis book describes entomopathogenic and slug parasitic nematodes as potential biocontrol agents in crop insect and slug pest management. Addressing research on these two nematodes from tropical, subtropical and temperate countries, it covers the new techniques and major developments regarding mass production, formulation, application, commercialization and safety measures. Plans for future strategies to make these beneficial nematodes cost-effective and expand their use by including them in integrated pest management programmes in different agro-ecosystems are also discussed. Biocontrol Agents: Entomopathogenic and Slug Parasitic Nematodes provides a comprehensive review of the topic and is an essential resource for researchers, industry practitioners and advanced students in the fields of biological control and integrated pest management.Table of ContentsPART I: BENEFICIAL NEMATODES AND CROP PROTECTION 1: Beneficial Nematodes in Agroecosystem: A global perspective 2: Beneficial Nematodes and the Changing Scope of Crop Protection PART II: ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES - MORPHOLOGY, TAXONOMY, BIOLOGY AND DIVERSITY 3: Entomopathogenic Nematodes of the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae: Morphology and Taxonomy 4: Entomopathogenic Nematodes: General Biology and Behaviour 5: Entomopathogenic Nematodes: Ecology, Diversity and Geographical Distribution 6: Molecular Systematics and Phylogenetic reconstruction of Steinernema and Heterorhabditis PART III: ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES AND THEIR SYMBIOTIC BACTERIA AGAINST CROP INSECT PESTS 7: Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Nematodes against Lepidoptran Insect Pests 8: Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Nematodes against Coleopteran Pests 9: Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Nematodes against Dipteran Pests 10: Control of Stored Grain Pests by Entomopathogenic Nematodes 11: Toxic Secretions of Xenorhabdus and its Efficacy against Crop Insect Pests 12: Toxic Secretions of Photorhabdus and its Efficacy against Crop Insect Pests 13: Entomopathogenic Nematodes: Mass Production, Formulation and Application Part IV: ROLE OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES IN INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT 14: Status of Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Integrated Pest Management Strategies in the USA 15: Status of Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Integrated Pest Management Strategies in Canada 16: Status of Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Integrated Pest Management Strategies in Argentina 17: Status of Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Integrated Pest Management Strategies in Brazil 18: Status of Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Integrated Pest Management Strategies in India 19: Status of Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Integrated Pest Management Strategies in Pakistan 20: Status of Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Integrated Pest Management Strategies in South Africa 21: Status of Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Integrated Pest Management Strategies in Italy 22: Status of Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Integrated Pest Management Strategies in Poland 23: Status of Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Integrated Pest Management Strategies in China 24: Status of Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Integrated Pest Management Strategies in Egypt Part V: GENETICS FOR ENHANCING EFFICACY IN ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES 25: Genetic Improvement of Entomopathogenic Nematodes for Enhanced Biological Control 26: Breeding of Entomopathogenic Nematodes for enhanced Insect Pest suppression Part VI: SLUG PARASITIC NEMATODES 27: Slug Parasitic Nematodes: Biology, Parasitism, Production and Application 28: The Discovery and Commercialization of a Slug Parasitic Nematode 29: Phasmarhabditis: The Slug and Snail Parasitic Nematodes in North America Part VII: COMMERCIALIZATION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS 30: Compatibility between Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Phytopharmaceuticals 31: Strategies for making Entomopathogenic Nematodes a Cost-Effective Biocontrol Agent 32: Future thrusts in expanding the use of entomopathogenic and slug parasitic nematodes in agriculture
£999.99
CABI Publishing Phytoplasmas: Genomes, Plant Hosts and Vectors
Book SynopsisPhytoplasmas are a worldwide issue in plant health. A range of serious diseases are caused by these bacteria in major crops around the globe. Knowledge of the importance of phytoplasmas as plant disease agents has advanced rapidly over the last decade with an increased interest in the impact of these pathogens on important field and horticultural crops as well as ornamental plants. This comprehensive volume brings together current research on phytoplasmas, covering their biology, taxonomy and genomics as well as their interactions with plant hosts and transmission by vectors.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Real-time PCR diagnosis and quantification of phytoplasmas by Luciana Galetto, Cristina Marzachi Chapter 2: Phytoplasma genomics, from sequencing to comparative and functional genomics - what have we learnt? by Saskia Hogenhout, Martina Seruga Music Chapter 3: Functional genomics of phytoplasmas by Shigeyuki Kakizawa, Kenro Oshima and Shigetou Namba Chapter 4: Prospects of multiple gene-based systems for differentiation and classification of phytoplasmas by Ing-Ming Lee, Yan Zhao, Robert E. Davis Chapter 5: Recent advances in 16S rRNA gene-based phytoplasma classification and taxonomy by Yan Zhao, Wei Wei, Robert E. Davis, Ing-Ming Lee Chapter 6: Phytoplasma phylogeny and detection using primers for genes other than the 16s rRNA. by Jennifer Hodgetts, Matt Dickinson Chapter 7: Movement of phytoplasmas and the development of disease in the plant by Carmine Marcone Chapter 8: Biochemical changes in plants infected by phytoplasmas by Rita Musetti Chapter 9: Plant resistance by Erich Seemuller, Hugh Harries Chapter 10: Phytoplasma diseases of the Gramineae by Yaima Arocha Rosete, Phil Jones Chapter 11: Phytoplasma epidemiology: Grapevines as a model by Fiona Constable Chapter 12: Phytoplasma epidemiological systems with multiple plant hosts by Michael Maixner Chapter 13: Control of phytoplasma diseases and vectors by Phyllis G Weintraub, Michael R. Wilson Chapter 14: Psyllid vectors and their control by Barbara Jarausch, Wolfgang Jarausch Chapter 15: Microbial symbionts control of Auchenorrhyncha transmitting phytoplasmas: a resource for symbiotic control of phytoplasmoses by Alberto Alma, Daniele Daffonchio, Elena Gonella, Noura Raddadi Chapter 16: Transmission specificity and competition of multiple Phytoplasmas in the insect vector by Bosco Dominico, Romina D'Amelio Chapter 17: Current and possible future distributions of phytoplasma diseases and their vectors by Xavier Foissac, Michael Wilson
£108.90
The Crowood Press Ltd Mole Catching: A Practical Guide
Book SynopsisIf you are a gardener, groundsman, smallholder or farmer and have a 'mole problem', then this book will be of enormous help to you. Pest-control books normally only devote a paragraph or two to moles and rarely cover the subject in detail. This volume is very different and is probably one of the most comprehensive books ever written on mole trapping. Throughout the book, Jeff Nicholls, a professional mole catcher, reveals his enormous respect for the mole and emphasizes the absulute need to control these rarely seen animals using humane and traditional methods that have been proven to work effectively. At the outset the author discusses the natural history of the mole and explains its characteristics and behaviour, an understanding of which is essential if successful catching techniques are to be applied. He then discusses in detail the traditional and humane methods he uses in different terrain and weather conditions, considers how to locate mole runs, describes all the different types of traps that can be employed and explains how to set the traps correctly.
£14.24
John Wiley & Sons Inc Environmental Pest Management
Book SynopsisTable of ContentsList of Contributors xi Preface xvMoshe Coll and Eric Wajnberg 1 Environmental Pest Management: A Call to Shift from a Pest]Centric to a System]Centric Approach 1Moshe Coll and Eric Wajnberg 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Modern Developments in Pest Control 1 1.3 The Disillusionment with Integrated Pest Management 3 1.4 A Call for Environmental Pest Management 11 Acknowledgements 13 References 13 Part I General Background 19 2 Approaches in Plant Protection: Science, Technology, Environment and Society 21Deborah K. Letourneau, Margaret I. FitzSimmons and Diego J. Nieto 2.1 Introduction 21 2.2 History of Plant Protection Approaches 22 2.3 Integrated Pest Management: What Does it Take? 31 2.4 Transforming Agriculture Systems for IPM 41 Acknowledgments 43 References 43 3 The Economics of Alternative Pest Management Strategies: Basic Assessment 55Clement A. Tisdell, David Adamson and Bruce Auld 3.1 Introduction 55 3.2 Economic Decisions at Farm Level Based on Threshold Models Assuming Use of a Given Pest Control Technique and Certainty 56 3.3 Uncertainties and Economic Decisions at Farm Level About Pest Control: Assumes a Given Pest Control Technique and Applies the Threshold Approach 60 3.4 Choice of Alternative Pest Control Techniques at Farm Level Assuming Certainty 64 3.5 The Economics of the Timing of Pest Control and the Optimal Choice of Techniques Given Uncertainty 66 3.6 A Note on Biological Pest Control 70 3.7 Discussion of the Modelling of the Economics of Pest Management at the Farm Level 71 3.8 Concluding Comments 73 References 73 Part II Impact of Pest Management Practices on the Environment 77 4 Effects of Chemical Control on the Environment 79Francisco Sanchez]Bayo 4.1 Introduction 79 4.2 Pesticides in Agriculture 79 4.3 Impacts of Pesticides on the Environment 83 4.4 Concluding Remarks 94 References 95 5 Environmental Impacts of Arthropod Biological Control: An Ecological Perspective 105David E. Jennings, Jian J. Duan and Peter A. Follett 5.1 Introduction 105 5.2 The‘Invasion’ Process of Establishing Non]native Biocontrol Agents 106 5.3 Ecological Processes Underlying the EnvironmentalImpact of Biocontrol 107 5.4 Ecological Impact Assessment and Cost–benefit Analysis 111 5.5 Case Study I: Biocontrol of Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis) 112 5.6 Case Study II: Biocontrol of Tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) 115 5.7 Concluding Remarks 119 Acknowledgements 120 References 120 6 Effects of Transgenic Crops on the Environment 131Peter B. Woodbury, Antonio DiTommaso, Janice Thies, Matthew Ryan and John Losey 6.1 Range and Scope of Transgenic Crops 131 6.2 Conceptual Framework 132 6.3 Primary Effects 132 6.4 Secondary Effects 134 6.5 Tertiary Effects: Broader Spatial and Temporal Scales 137 6.6 Quantifying Risks and Benefits of Transgenic Traits 140 6.7 Variation Among Countries in Risk Assessment and Management 143 6.8 Conclusions 143 References 144 Part III Influence of Unmanaged Habitats on Pest Management 151 7 Ecosystem Services Provided by Unmanaged Habitats in Agricultural Landscapes 153Stefano Colazza, Morgan W. Shields, Ezio Peri and Antonino Cusumano 7.1 Introduction 153 7.2 Global Importance of Arthropod Natural Enemies in Pest Management 155 7.3 Importance of Multitrophic Interactions to Biological Pest Control 156 7.4 Importance of Unmanaged Vegetation for Biological Control 158 7.5 Landscape Use to Maximize Biological Control 163 7.6 Conclusions 164 References 165 8 The Role of Ecosystem Disservices in Pest Management 175Mark A.K. Gillespie and Steve D. Wratten 8.1 Introduction 175 8.2 EDS and Unmanaged Habitats 178 8.3 Landscape Context and the EDS from Unmanaged Habitats 186 8.4 Managing for EDS from Unmanaged Habitats 188 8.5 Conclusions and Future Research 189 References 190 Part IV Effects of Global Changes on Pest Management 195 9 Effect of Climate Change on Insect Pest Management 197Nigel R. Andrew and Sarah J. Hill 9.1 Introduction 197 9.2 Observed Climate Changes Influencing Agro]Ecosystems 198 9.3 Insect Responses to Climate Change 198 9.4 Overview of Insect Pests in Agro]Ecosystems and Climate Change 202 9.5 How Climate Change and Insect Responses May Affect Various Ecological Processes Important for Plant Protection 207 9.6 Climate Change and IPM Approaches 210 9.7 Directions for Future Research 214 Acknowledgements 214 References 215 10 Effects of Biological Invasions on Pest Management 225George K. Roderick and Maria Navajas 10.1 Invasion Science 225 10.2 Invasions – A Natural Process? 233 10.3 Perception and Value of Introduced and Invasive Alien Species 234 10.4 When to Act, and Why? 235 10.5 How Best to Control Invasive Species? 235 10.6 Case Studies 236 10.7 Conclusions 238 Acknowledgements 240 References 240 Part V Pest Control and Public Health 249 11 Pesticides and Human Health 251Jane A. Hoppin and Catherine E. LePrevost 11.1 Introduction 251 11.2 Human Exposure to Pesticides 251 11.3 Acute Toxicity 254 11.4 Chronic Human Health Effects 257 11.5 Conclusions 265 References 266 12 Human Health Concerns Related to the Consumption of Foods from Genetically Modified Crops 275Javier Magana]Gómez and Ana Maria Calderón de la Barca 12.1 History of GM Foods and Associated Food Safety Concerns 275 12.2 Status and Commercial Traits Regarding Genetically Modified Organisms 277 12.3 The Bases for Unintended Health Risks 281 12.4 Guidelines and Approaches Used for Risk Assessment of GM Foods 282 12.5 Recent Research on in vivo Evaluation of GM Foods Consumption 283 12.6 Shortcomings and Research Needs in the Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Foods 286 12.7 Conclusion 290 References 290 Part VI Policies Related to Environmental Pest Management 297 13 Effectiveness of Pesticide Policies: Experiences from Danish Pesticide Regulation 1986–2015 299Anders Branth Pedersen and Helle Ørsted Nielsen 13.1 Introduction 299 13.2 Denmark – a Pioneer in Pesticide Policies 300 13.3 Effects 306 13.4 Comparing Denmark to the EU and Internationally 315 13.5 Conclusion 319 References 319 14 Impacts of Exotic Biological Control Agents on Non]target Species and Biodiversity: Evidence, Policy and Implications 325Barbara I.P. Barratt and Clark A.C. Ehlers 14.1 Environmental Safety of Biological Control 325 14.2 Legislation and Regulation of Biological Control 327 14.3 Risk Assessment 329 14.4 Post release Validation of Predicted Outcomes 337 14.5 Implications of Biological Control Regulation Policy: What has it Meant for Biological Control Practice? 339 14.6 The Future for Biological Control Regulation 340 Acknowledgements 341 References 341 15 Pesticides in Food Safety versus Food Security 347Pieter Spanoghe 15.1 Introduction 347 15.2 Use of Plant Protection Products in Farming Systems 348 15.3 Food Security in a Changing World 353 15.4 Food Safety and Pesticides in a Global Market 356 15.5 Towards Sustainability 362 15.6 Conclusion 364 References 364 16 External Costs of Food Production: Environmental and Human Health Costs of Pest Management 369Nir Becker 16.1 Introduction: Pesticide Externalities 369 16.2 Background: The Impact of Pesticide Use 370 16.3 The Challenge in Estimating Externalities from Pesticide Use 373 16.4 Externality Estimation Methods 375 16.5 Overview of Existing Studies on Externalities of Pesticides 376 16.6 Integrated Pest Management 378 16.7 The Role of Information 379 16.8 Conclusion 380 References 381 17 The Role of Pest Management in Driving Agri]environment Schemes in Switzerland 385Felix Herzog, Katja Jacot, Matthias Tschumi and Thomas Walter 17.1 Introduction 385 17.2 Policy Context of the Swiss Agricultural Sector 386 17.3 Ecological Focus Areas for Biodiversity Protection 388 17.4 Ecosystem Service Provision as a New Paradigm 394 17.5 Conclusion 398 References 399 Part VII Concluding Remarks, Take-Home Messages and a Call for Action 405 18 Environmental Pest Management: The Need for Long]term Governmental Commitment 407Moshe Coll and Eric Wajnberg 18.1 The Prevalence of a Pest]centric, Bottom]up Approach to Pest Control 407 18.2 The Main Messages Presented in this Volume 408 18.3 The Role of Governments in Pest Management 412 18.4 Characteristics of Top]down, Environmental Pest Management 414 Acknowledgements 416 References 416 Index 419
£128.20
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Insect Outbreaks Revisited
Book SynopsisThe abundance of insects can change dramatically from generation to generation; these generational changes may occur within a growing season or over a period of years. Such extraordinary density changes or outbreaks may be abrupt and ostensibly random, or population peaks may occur in a more or less cyclic fashion.Trade Review“I believe that graduate students, senior researchers, and government and industry scientists in entomology and population ecology will benefit from reading this book. The book could also be highly recommended to land managers, extension personnel, and foresters wanting to let know more about insect outbreaks, and how to best prevent and manage insect outbreaks and their consequences.” (Ecology, 1 August 2013) “The book is full of good ideas. The editors have done a pretty good job and are to be congratulated.” (British Journal of Entomology & Natural History, 1 August 2013) “Overall this is an important and informative book, on a vital subject which is not only of specific interest but which has a relevance to all ecologists who work with population ecology.” (British Ecological Society Bulletin, 1 August 2013) “This new look at insect outbreaks is a very welcome addition to entomological literature.” (African Entomology, 1March2013)Table of ContentsContributors viii Acknowledgments xi Preface xii PART I PHYSIOLOGICAL AND LIFE HISTORY PERSPECTIVES 1 1 Insect Herbivore Outbreaks Viewed through a Physiological Framework: Insights from Orthoptera 3 Spencer T. Behmer and Anthony Joern 2 The Dynamical Effects of Interactions between Inducible Plant Resistance and Food Limitation during Insect Outbreaks 30 Karen C. Abbott 3 Immune Responses and Their Potential Role in Insect Outbreaks 47 J. Gwen Shlichta and Angela M. Smilanich 4 The Role of Ecological Stoichiometry in Outbreaks of Insect Herbivores 71 Eric M. Lind and Pedro Barbosa PART II POPULATION DYNAMICS AND MULTISPECIES INTERACTIONS 89 5 Plant-Induced Responses and Herbivore Population Dynamics 91 André Kessler, Katja Poveda, and Erik H. Poelman 6 Spatial Synchrony of Insect Outbreaks 113 Andrew M. Liebhold, Kyle J. Haynes, and Ottar N. Bjørnstad 7 What Tree-Ring Reconstruction Tells Us about Conifer Defoliator Outbreaks 126 Ann M. Lynch 8 Insect-Associated Microorganisms and Their Possible Role in Outbreaks 155 Yasmin J. Cardoza, Richard W. Hofstetter, and Fernando E. Vega PART III POPULATION, COMMUNITY, AND ECOSYSTEM ECOLOGY 175 9 Life History Traits and Host Plant Use in Defoliators and Bark Beetles: Implications for Population Dynamics 177 Julia Koricheva, Maartje J. Klapwijk, and Christer Björkman 10 The Ecological Consequences of Insect Outbreaks 197 Louie H. Yang 11 Insect Outbreaks in Tropical Forests: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Consequences 219 Lee A. Dyer, Walter P. Carson, and Egbert G. Leigh Jr. 12 Outbreaks and Ecosystem Services 246 Timothy D. Schowalter PART IV GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 267 13 Evidence for Outbreaks from the Fossil Record of Insect Herbivory 269 Conrad C. Labandeira 14 Implications of Host-Associated Differentiation in the Control of Pest Species 291 Raul F. Medina PART V APPLIED PERSPECTIVES 311 15 Disasters by Design: Outbreaks along Urban Gradients 313 Michael J. Raupp, Paula M. Shrewsbury, and Dan A. Herms 16 Resistance to Transgenic Crops and Pest Outbreaks 341 Bruce E. Tabashnik and Yves Carrière 17 Natural Enemies and Insect Outbreaks in Agriculture: A Landscape Perspective 355 J. Megan Woltz, Benjamin P. Werling, and Douglas A. Landis 18 Integrated Pest Management – Outbreaks Prevented, Delayed, or Facilitated? 371 Deborah K. Letourneau 19 Insect Invasions: Lessons from Biological Control of Weeds 395 Peter B. McEvoy, Fritzi S. Grevstad, and Shon S. Schooler 20 Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Outbreak Potential 429 Maartje J. Klapwijk, Matthew P. Ayres, Andrea Battisti, and Stig Larsson Subject Index 451 Taxonomic Index 459 Colour plate pages fall between pp. 196 and 197
£113.67
CSIRO Publishing Australian Longhorn Beetles
Book SynopsisProvides a general introduction to the Australian Cerambycidae with sections on biology, phylogeny and morphology of adult and larvae, followed by the keys to the subfamilies and an overview of the 74 genera of the subfamily Lamiinae occurring in Australia. All Lamiinae genera are diagnosed, described and illustrated and an illustrated key to their identification is provided.
£120.65
CSIRO Publishing Managing Australias Pest Animals
Book SynopsisIncludes case studies of successful and unsuccessful pest management strategies and covers a range of topics, including the history of pest management, current best practice principles, and guidelines for planning and applying strategic pest management approaches to effectively reduce pest damage. This book is the first clear and comprehensive guide to best practice pest management in Australia.
£999.99
CSIRO Publishing A Guide to Land Snails of Australia
Book SynopsisAustralia's native land snails are an often-overlooked invertebrate group that forms a significant part of terrestrial biodiversity, with an estimated 2,500 species present in Australia today. This volume offers an overview of Australia's land snail faunas, offering a greater understanding of their role in the natural environment.Trade Review"This guide presents an overview of both native and introduced snail species around the country, offering a greater understanding of their role in our natural environment. It’s packed with information, beautiful photographs and diagrams, which include detailed features of snails and their shells. It also lists a broad range of Australia’s native snail, semi-slug and slug species, plus many of the large number of introduced exotic species." * Gardening Australia magazine *"Overall, this book is richly illustrated throughout, well presented and is an excellent first introduction to Native Australian Landsnails." -- Ben Schneider * Western Australian Naturalists Club *
£36.05
CSIRO Publishing Natural Asset Farming
Book SynopsisPresents seven key natural assets and why they are so valuable for biodiversity and productivity on farms. Drawing on two decades of long-term ecological monitoring and knowledge exchange, this book is a tool for building and enhancing natural assets in agricultural landscapes.
£999.99
John Wiley & Sons Inc Destructive Turfgrass Insects: Biology,
Book Synopsis"...the most useful, practical book I have seen on the management of turfgrass insect pests...mandatory reading for turfgrass managers in golf, lawns, and sports..." --Dr. James B. Beard, International Sports Turf Institute, Inc. Written in clear, everyday language, Destructive Turfgrass Insects covers the biology, diagnosis, and control of virtually all the insects and mites that attack warm- and cool-season turfgrasses. No other source gives you as many practical and comprehensive management guidelines for use on golf courses, lawns, and sports fields.Trade Review"...the most useful, practical book I have seen on the management of turfgrass insect pests...mandatory reading for turfgrass managers in golf, lawns, and sports..."---Dr. James B. Beard, International Sports Turf Institute, Inc., College Station, TX "...an excellent contribution to the turfgrass industry...its detailed and comprehensive coverage of insect biology, turfgrass insects, nuisance pests, beneficial invertebrates, urban wildlife, and insecticide use make it a highly useful resource for any turfgrass manager..."---Dr. Dave Martin, Director of Research, TruGreen-ChemLawn "Finally a turf book that integrates entomology and agronomy, biological and pesticide control, and bad insects versus nuisance and beneficial insects...make turf insect control and current public issues very understandable..."---Dr. A.J. Powell, Jr., Extension Turfgrass Agronomist, University of KentuckyTable of Contents1. Managing Turfgrass Insect Pests. 2. Insect Biology and Identification. 3. Detection and Monitoring of Insect Pests. 4. Insecticides--Types and Modes of Action. 5. Using Insecticides Safely. 6. Using Insecticide Effectively. 7. Safeguarding the Environment. 8. Root-Infesting Insect Pests. 9. Pests that Burrow in Stems or Damage Crowns. 10. Pests that Suck Juices and Discolor Leaves and Stems. 11. Insects That Chew Leaves and Stems. 12. Biting and Stinging Pests in the Turf Environment. 13. Nuisance Pests and Innocuous Invertebrates. 14. Beneficial Invertebrates: Predators, Parasitoids, and Thatch Busters. 15. Managing Nuisance Wildlife Problems in the Turfgrass Environment. Appendix 1. Sources of Local Information. Appendix 2. Reference Books and Periodicals. Appendix 3. Sources of Pest Management Equipment. Appendix 4. Weights and Measurements. Glossary of Terms. Index.
£999.99
Murphy & Moore Publishing Current Research in Parasitic Weeds
Book Synopsis
£999.99
Callisto Reference Weed and Pest Control
Book Synopsis
£97.02
Callisto Reference Insecticides and Pesticides: Methods for Crop
Book Synopsis
£104.64
Syrawood Publishing House Crop Protection and Management
Book Synopsis
£101.86
Syrawood Publishing House Crop Protection: Advances in Agricultural Science
Book Synopsis
£98.40
CABI Publishing Global Pesticide Resistance in Arthropods
Book SynopsisPesticide resistance has had a substantial impact on crop production and has been an important driver of change in modern agriculture, animal production and human health. Focusing specifically on arthropods, this book provides a comprehensive review of relevant issues in pesticide resistance. Detailed listings and references to all documented reports of resistance from around the world are included.Table of Contents1: Analysis of Global Pesticide Resistance in Arthropods. M.E. Whalon, D. Mota-Sanchez, and R.M. Hollingworth. 2: Documentation of Pesticide Resistance in Arthropods. D. Mota-Sanchez, M.E. Whalon, R.M. Holingworth, and Q. Xue. 3: The Biochemical and Molecular Genetic Basis of Resistance to Pesticides in Arthropods. R.M. Hollingworth, and K. Dong. 4: Assessing the Risk of the Evolution of Resistance to Pesticides Using Spatially Complex Simulation Models.M.A. Caprio, N. Storer, M.S. Sisterson, S. Peck, and A.H.N. Maia. 5: Pesticide and Transgenic Plant Resistance Management in the Field. D.A. Andow, G.P. Fitt, E.J. Grafius, R.E. Jackson, E.B. Radcliffe, D.W. Ragsdale, and L. Rossiter. 6: The Politics of Resistance Management: Working Towards Pesticide Resistance Mangement Globally. G.D. Thompson, S. Matten, I. Denholm, M.E. Whalon, and P. Leonard.
£187.26
CABI Publishing Areawide Pest Management: Theory and
Book SynopsisPest management has long been a problem for farmers worldwide and new techniques are continually being developed to reduce the adverse effects of pest populations. The use of areawide pest management has increased dramatically over the past decade and offers potential advantages to traditional and more localized approaches. Suppression over a broad area can reduce re-infestation of previously treated areas and the specific pest management techniques may be more effective when applied over larger areas. Providing the first comprehensive discussion of areawide pest management, this book will explore the theoretical development and implementation of techniques from a worldwide perspective. Areas covered include history and development, biological and ecological impacts and recent case studies of pest management programmes.Table of Contents1: General Introduction to Areawide Pest Management 2: History and Ecological Basis 3: Establishing Interagency, Multi-Disciplinary Areawide Pest Management Programs 4: Dispersal and Migration of Insects and Their Importance in Pest Management 5: A Landscape Perspective in Managing Vegetation for Beneficial Plant-Pest- Natural Enemy Interactions 6: Social and Economic Aspects 7: Environmental Monitoring 8: The Role of Databases 9: Codling Moth Areawide Integrated Pest Management 10: Corn Rootworm Areawide Pest Management in the Mid-Western United States 11: Grape Areawide Pest Management in Italy 12: Stored-Grain Insect Areawide Integrated Pest Management 13: Aphid Alert: How it Came to be, What it Achieved, and Why it Proved Unsustainable 14: Areawide Suppression of Fire Ants 15: Saltcedar Areawide Pest Management in the Western United States 16: The Hawaii Fruit Fly Areawide Pest Management Program 17: Areawide Pest Management for Non-Rice Food Crops in Southeast Asia 18: Areawide Rice Insect Pest Management: A Perspective of Experiences in Asia 19: Areawide Pest Management of Cereal Aphids in Dryland Wheat Systems of the Great Plains 20: Boll Weevil Eradication, An Areawide Pest Management Effort 21: Current Approaches to Areawide Integrated Pest Management, Obstacles and Future Directions
£231.21
CABI Publishing Root Feeders: An Ecosystem Perspective
Book SynopsisInteractions between plants and herbivores can have a significant effect on plant growth and development, and ultimately, on a plant's economic value. Research has traditionally focused on aboveground herbivores, despite the considerable role that belowground herbivory by both vertebrates and invertebrates can play within a range of ecosystem processes. Root feeders have been classified as agricultural pests but can also be used as biological control agents against invasive species and can affect community dynamics of plants, soil micro-organisms and populations of aboveground organisms. Bringing together a broad range of viewpoints and approaches, Root Feeders presents a comprehensive review of knowledge on root herbivores and illustrates their importance within ecosystems. Chapters discuss problems of visualizing the organisms in the soil, their role in agriculture, grassland and forest ecosystems, and present specific case studies on the management, control and influence of root feeders. Covering all aspects from food web ecology to the effects of climate change, this will be valuable reading for researchers and professionals in agricultural entomology, plant science, ecology and soil science.Table of Contents1: Methods for studying root herbivory 2: New experimental techniques for studying root herbivores 3: Root herbivory in agricultural ecosystems 4: Root herbivory in grassland ecosystems 5: Root herbivory in forest ecosystems 6: Grape phylloxera - an overview 7: Using biocontrol against root feeding pests, with particular reference to Sitona root weevils 8: Invasive root feeding insects in natural forest ecosystems of North America 9: Linking above- and belowground herbivory 10: Root feeders in heterogeneous systems: foraging responses and trophic interactions 11: Climate change impacts on root herbivores
£103.82
CABI Publishing Plant Cold Hardiness: From the Laboratory to the
Book SynopsisPresenting the latest research on the effects of cold and sub-zero temperatures on plant distribution, growth and yield, this comprehensive volume contains 28 chapters by international experts covering basic molecular science to broad ecological studies on the impact of global warming, and an industry perspective on transgenic approaches to abiotic stress tolerance. With a focus on integrating molecular studies in the laboratory with field research and physiological studies of whole plants in their natural environments, this book covers plant physiology, production, development, agronomy, ecology, breeding and genetics, and their applications in agriculture and horticulture.Table of ContentsSection: One 1: The Freezing Process Section: Two 2: Molecular Basis for the Acquisition of Freezing ToleranceSection Three 3: Linkage Between Developmental Arrest and Cold Hardiness Section: Four 4: Genetic Basis of Superior Cold ToleranceSection Five 5: Impact of Global Climate Change on Plants Section: Six 6: From the Lab to the Field: Bridging the Gap Section: Seven 7: Photosynthesis and Signalling Section: Eight 8: Systems Biology
£198.98
CABI Publishing Biopesticides: Pest Management and Regulation
Book SynopsisGreater use of biological control utilizing natural predation, parasitism or other natural mechanisms, is an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical pesticides, which are becoming less readily available due to increasing resistance problems and the prohibition of some substances. This book addresses the challenges of insufficient information and imperfectly understood regulatory processes involved in biological alternatives through an interdisciplinary approach providing an internationally comparative analysis on the registration of biopesticides and the best way forward. An essential read for researchers, students and professionals in political and biological sciences.Table of Contents1: Introduction 2: The Interdisciplinary Challenge 3: The Economics of Making the Switch in Technologies 4: Microbial Control Agents: The Broad Context 5: The Regulation of Biopesticides: an International Analysis 6: Policy Networks and Regulatory Innovation 7: Retail governance 8: Conclusions: Pest management: an overview
£167.13
CABI Publishing Management of Fungal Plant Pathogens
Book SynopsisThis book reviews research into pathogenic fungi in a diverse selection of economically important crops, including fruits and cereals. The establishment and management of fungal plant diseases, using conventional and ecofriendly methods is discussed with an emphasis on the use of microorganisms and biotechnology. Chapters also examine the role of microbes in growth promotion, as bioprotectors and bioremediators and presents practical strategies for using microbes as well as botanicals in sustainable agriculture. Providing knowledge of plant-pathogen interactions, management strategies and techniques, this will be a useful resource for students, researchers and extension workers in biology and plant pathology.Table of ContentsPart One: Botanicals in Fungal Pest Management 1: Recent advances in management of fungal pathogens of fruit crops 2: Botanicals in agricultural pest management 3: Deleterious effects of fungi on post-harvest crops and their management strategies 4: Exploitation of botanicals in the management of phytopathogenic and storage fungi 5: Use of plant extracts as natural fungicides in the management of seed borne diseases Part Two: Disease Control through Resistance 6: Resistance to Septoria leaf blotch in wheat 7: Barley and wheat resistance genes for Fusarium head blight 8: Sustainable management of rice blast [Magnaporthe grisea (Hebert) Barr]: 50 years of research progress in molecular biology Part Three: Biological Control Mechanisms 9: Post-harvest technology- yeast as bio-control agents: Progress, problems and prospects 10: Biological control of plant diseases: An overview and the Trichoderma system as bio-control agent 11: Physiological specialization of Ustilaginales (smut) of Geheros Bromus, Zea and Triticum in Argentina. Part Four: Endophytes in Plant Disease Control 12: Status and progress of research in endophytes from agricultural crops in Argentina 13: Effect of tillage systems on the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) propagule bank in soils 14: Mechanism of action in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbionts to control diseases caused by various fungal pathogens 15: Role of fungal endophytes in plant protection Part Five: Managing Fungal Pathogens causing Leaf damage 16: The rust fungi: Systematics, diseases and their management 17: Etiology, epidemiology and management of fungal diseases of sugarcane 18: New and emerging fungal pathogens associated with leaf blight symptoms on wheat (Triticum aestivum) in Argentina. 19: A review of the fungal diseases of the annual legume crop of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)
£200.29
WHO Regional Office for Europe Public Health Significance of Urban Pests
Book Synopsis
£122.58
John Wiley & Sons Inc Ecologically Based Weed Management
Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPreface xii List of Contributors xiv List of Reviewers xvii 1 Ecologically Based Weed Management (EbWM): Enabling and Reinforcing the Approach 1Leguizamon Eduardo S., Royo-Esnal Aritz, and Torra Joel 1.0 Introduction 1 1.1 Basis for a Sucessful Ecologically Based Weed Management Approach 2 1.2 Enabling and Reinforcing EbWM Principles in All Crop Production Systems 3 1.3 Projects / Experiments Where EwBM Principles Are Being Tested 8 1.4 Concluding Remarks 9 2 Ecologically Based Weed Management: Implications and Agroecosystem Services 13Nicholas E. Korres 2.0 Introduction 13 2.1 Agro- and Natural Ecosystem Services 14 2.2 Do Weed Management Practices Negatively Affect Ecosystem Services? 15 2.3 Weed Management Practices that Enhance Ecological Services 18 2.4 Conclusions 19 3 Climate Change and Ecologically Based Weed Management 23Adusumilli Narayana Rao (A.N. Rao) and Nicholas E. Korres 3.0 Introduction 23 3.1 Climate Change and Weeds 24 3.2 Climate Change and Weed Management 29 3.3 Ecologically Based Weed Management 30 3.4 Managing Weed Soil Seedbank Using Preventive Measures 30 3.5 Application of Principles of Conservation Agriculture for EWM 31 3.6 Crop Competitiveness 34 3.7 Soil Solarization 35 3.8 Mechanical Weed Management 35 3.9 Biocontrol 35 3.10 Herbicide Use and EWM 36 3.11 Conclusions 36 4 The Ecological Base of Nonchemical Weed Control 49Iraj Nosratti and Bhagirath S. Chauhan 4.0 Introduction 49 4.1 Physical Weed Control 50 4.2 Soil Tillage 52 4.3 Thermal Weed Control 58 4.4 Mulching 58 4.5 Biological Weed Control 59 4.6 Allelopathy 60 4.7 Cultural Weed Control 61 4.8 Crop Diversification for Weed Management 62 4.9 Conclusions 65 5 The Underestimated Role of Cultural Practices in Ecologically Based Weed Management Approaches 75Ilias Travlos, Ioannis Gazoulis, Milena Simic, Panagiotis Kanatas, and Ioannis Gazoulis 5.0 Introduction 75 5.1 Role of Crop Diversification in Ecologically Based Weed Management 76 5.2 Role of Crop Competition in Ecologically Based Weed Management 79 5.3 Role of Sowing Timing in Ecologically Based Weed Management 84 5.4 Role of Irrigation and Fertilization Management in Weed Management 85 5.5 Conclusions 85 6 The Role of Agri-Chemical Industry on Ecologically Based Weed Management 93Vasileios P. Vasileiadis, Vijay K. Varanasi, Parminder Chahal, and Nicholas E. Korres 6.0 Introduction 93 6.1 Herbicide Resistance 93 6.2 Climate Change 94 6.3 Environmentally Sound Weed Control Approaches 94 6.4 Environmentally Friendly Industry Initiatives 95 7 Ecologically Based Weed Management to Support Pollination and Biological Pest Control 101Vaya Kati and Filitsa Karamaouna 7.0 Introduction 101 7.1 Weed-Insect Interactions 102 7.2 Weed Management to Support Pollination and Biological Control 104 7.3 Challenges for Implementation of Ecological Weed Management in Practice 110 7.4 Conclusions 111 8 Use of Arthropods for Ecologically Based Weed Management in Agriculture 119Michael D. Day, Arne B. R. Witt, and Rachel L. Winston 8.0 Introduction 119 8.1 Weed Biological Control in Agriculture 121 8.2 Biological Control in Cropping Systems 122 8.3 Biological Control in Grazing Lands 124 8.4 Biological Control in Plantations and Agroforestry Systems 126 8.5 Biological Control in Aquatic Systems 129 8.6 Benefits of Biological Control 131 8.7 Conclusions 132 9 Ecologically Based Weed Management: Bioherbicides, Nanotechnology, Heat, and Microbially Mediated Soil Disinfestation 139Raghavan Charudattan, Susan M. Boyetchko, Erin N. Rosskopf, Kaydene T. Williams, Andrea Monroy Borrego, and Nicole F. Steinmetz 9.0 Biological Control of Weeds by Using Plant Pathogens 139 9.1 A Critical Assessment of the Role of Plant Pathogens in Weed Management 140 9.2 Expectations for the Future of Bioherbicides 147 9.3 Nonchemical Soil Disinfestation 150 9.4 Use of Nanocarriers to Deliver Active Ingredients (a.i) 157 9.5 Summary 161 10 Mechanisms of Weed Suppression by Cover Crops, Intercrops, and Mulches 172Richard G. Smith, Natalie P. Lounsbury, and Samuel A. Palmer 10.0 Introduction 172 10.1 Traditional View of the Weed Seedbank 173 10.2 Alternative View of the Weed Seedbank and the Fate of Weeds 174 10.3 Mechanisms of Weed Suppression by Cover Crops, Intercrops, and Mulches 175 10.4 Conclusions and Future Research Directions 185 11 Soil Seedbank from an Ecological Perspective 196Lauren M. Schwartz-Lazaro and Karla L. Gage 11.0 Introduction 196 11.1 The Soil Seedbank 196 11.2 Contributions to the Soil Seedbank 200 11.3 Reducing the Soil Seedbank 203 11.4 Managing the Soil Seedbank 206 11.5 Seedbank Response to Best Management Practices 212 11.6 Conclusions 213 12 The Role and Relationship of Tillage Systems with Ecologically Based Weed Management Approaches 225Thomas Gitsopoulos and Ioannis Vasilakoglou 12.0 Introduction 225 12.1 Tillage Systems 226 12.2 Ecologically Based Weed Management Approaches and Tillage Systems 227 12.3 Herbicide Efficacy, Herbicide Resistance, and Organic Farming 239 12.4 Conclusions 239 13 Ecologically Based Weed Management in Vegetable Crops 248Matthias Schumacher, Michael Spaeth, Georg Naruhn, David Reiser, Miriam Messelhäuser, Rosa Witty, Roland Gerhards, and Gerassimos Peteinatos 13.0 Introduction 248 13.1 Cultural Methods 250 13.2 Preventive Methods 251 13.4 Conclusion and Outlook 255 14 Ecological Weed Management in Row Crops 261Stevan Z. Knezevic 14.0 Introduction 261 14.1 Integrated Weed Management (IWM) in Row Crops 262 14.2 Making a Weed Control Decision 265 14.3 Computer-Based Models and Decision Support Systems 266 14.4 Documentation and Record Keeping 267 14.5 Ecologically Based Weed Management in Row Crops– Final Thoughts 267 15 Practical Vegetable and Specialty Crop Weed Management Systems 270Katie Jennings and Steve Fennimore 15.0 Introduction 270 15.1 What Is Ecologically Based Weed Management in Specialty Crops? 270 15.2 Unique Challenges for Vegetables and Other Specialty Crops 271 15.3 Compatibility of Specialty Crops with Ecologically Based Weed Management 272 15.4 Chemical Methods of Weed Control in Specialty Crops 280 15.5 Conclusions and Suggestions for Future Research 280 16 The Need of Ecologically Based Weed Management Approaches in Orchard Crops 286Victor Martins Maia, Ignacio Aspiazú, Leandro Galon, Clevison Luiz Giacobbo, Germani Concenço, Alexandre Ferreira da Silva, Evander Alves Ferreira, and George Andrade Sodré 16.0 Introduction 286 16.1 Ecologically Based Weed Management Approaches in Fruit Crops Species Grown in Tropical and Subtropical Environments 287 16.2 Tropical Fruit Crop Species 288 16.3 Subtropical Fruit Crop Species 290 16.4 Ecologically Based Weed Management Approaches in Temperate Fruit Crops Species Growing in Tropical and Subtropical Environments 291 16.5 Conclusions 295 17 Application of Ecologically Based Weed Management in Pastures 299Jonathan W. McLachlan and Brian M. Sindel 17.0 Introduction 299 17.1 Ecology of Pasture Systems 300 17.2 Impacts of Weeds in Pastures 303 17.3 Weed Management Principles for Pastures 304 17.4 Application of Weed Management Principles 306 17.5 Future Perspectives 309 17.6 Conclusions 309 Index 313
£999.99
Callisto Reference Pest Control: Techniques and Management
£999.99
Larsen and Keller Education Insecticides and Pesticides: Techniques for Crop Protection
£999.99
Larsen and Keller Education Techniques of Weed and Pest Control
£999.99
£999.99
Wageningen Academic Publishers Emerging pests and vector-borne diseases in Europe
Book Synopsis"This is a multi-authored book concerning the perceived threat and recorded increase of emerging pests and vector-borne diseases affecting man and animals in Europe. Historically, Europe suffered from numerous pests and vector-borne diseases, including yellow fever, malaria, plague and typhus. Introduction of hygienic measures, drugs and vector control caused the disappearance of many of these diseases from Europe. In the (sub)tropics, however, many of these diseases still thrive, causing serious health problems for humans and animals. Increased trade, leading to animal and human movement and climate change cause reason to assume that several of these diseases might become re-established or allow 'new' diseases and pests to be introduced in Europe. The recent outbreaks of bluetongue virus in North-western Europe highlights this concern, requiring an effective surveillance systems for the early detection of pests and vector-borne diseases. In 24 chapters this book provides examples of the most likely pests and diseases affecting man and animals in Europe, with emphasis on ecological factors favouring these diseases and methods for prevention and intervention. The authors are recognized experts in specific fields. All chapters are peer reviewed."
£999.99
£999.99
