Oncology Books

Book SynopsisThis book offers a comprehensive review on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with a particular focus on the relationship between the pathobiology of disease and the clinical aspects including diagnosis and treatment. HCC is becoming one of the most common causes of cancer related death worldwide and is predicted to be the third leading cause of cancer death by 2030. In recent years, the epidemiology of this tumor has undergone a major change, a revolution considering the increased incidence of HCC on NASH and NAFLD in patients with metabolic risk factors. We are witnessing the emergence of new cancer risk factors and new pre-cancerous conditions, especially in countries with a Western lifestyle. Many exciting discoveries in the field of pathogenesis and mechanisms of carcinogenesis have taken place in recent years, including findings from tumor interactions with the host and the microenvironment. This book aims to provide researchers, medical students and clinicians with a valuable resource for complete and up-to-date research on the pathogenesis of HCC by providing a link between biology and natural history of the disease with clinical implications, including diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. This book offers an in-depth knowledge of HCC pathobiology as well as hints for developing new experimental research lines aiming to improve the understanding and management of the disease, and to prevent the increase of incidence and mortality expected in 2030.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents original results on the leading edge of cancer research. Chapter One reviews the most recent advances in the management, analyses the best possible treatment in each scenario, and discusses the future research direction on brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer. Chapter Two discusses the positive effects of microscopic complete resection on controlling the local recurrence of a single brain metastasis. Chapter Three encapsulates the trends of the computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) development for the estimation of tumor malignancy. Chapter Four examines dendritic cells cross talk with cytomegalovirus pp65-specific cytotoxic T cells, Vγ 9γ δ T cells, and invariant NKT cells in patients with glioblastoma multiforme. Chapter Five addresses CD8+ T cell activation and regulation in the skin, paying special attention to what it is known about CD8+ T cell activity and its link with SCC development. Chapter Six discusses knowledge of the molecular basis of anti-cancer drug resistance and the mechanisms through which triterpenoids modulate ABC transporter-mediated multi drug resistance. Chapter Seven reviews cancer and heparan sulfate alterations. Chapter Eight focuses on Ganoderma lucidum targeting apoptosis. Chapter Nine examines the integrated model of cAMP-dependent DNA expression which reveals an inverse relationship between cancer and neurodegeneration. Chapter Ten studies the prognosis of male breast cancer.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents original results on the leading edge of cancer research. Chapter One presents an overview of the opportunities and challenges that influence the participation of personalised approach of giving the right drug at the right dose to the right patient. Chapter Two examines malignant mesothelioma. Chapter Three reviews the role of heat-shock proteins and chaperonins in the pathogenesis and progression of cancer. Chapter Four discusses the biosynthesis of LeX family glycosphingolipids and its gene regulation. Chapter Five summarises how chromosome segregation is accurately controlled and how spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) monitors this process to maintain segregation fidelity. Chapter Six reviews significant novel findings and the early clinical development of a CD26-targeted therapy for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), and advances that can lead to a more hopeful future for MPM patients. Chapter Seven reviews the pathophysiology and novel treatment strategies in management of peripheral T-Cell lymphoma. Chapter Eight discusses the confirmation behind a role for metformin in cancer therapy and its prospective molecular mechanisms of action. Chapter Nine highlights the role Ganoderma lucidum and its constituents in cancer signaling. Chapter Ten studies the footprint of Ganoderma lucidum in receptor tyrosine kinases.

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Book SynopsisCancer is a term that describes a constellation of diseases that affect a large proportion of the global population. By 2020, it is estimated there will be 15 million new cancer cases worldwide and a corresponding 12 million cancer-related deaths. There are many efficacious treatments for cancer with both curative and palliative intents, which regardless of efficacy, can result in distressing symptoms including pain, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and reduced function. Compounded with very similar symptoms from the disease itself, toxicities can ultimately lead to diminished quality of life (QOL). In recent years, the use of biomarkers in cancer research and practice has become a widely discussed topic of exploration for researchers and clinicians alike. A biomarker is a biological property that can be measured and used as a tool in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of specific illnesses, including cancer. In this book, the authors synthesize existing biomarker research in the literature related to cancer and the potential effect it may have on future treatment, drug metabolism, symptom burden, radiation response, susceptibility to radiation related toxicities, and prognosis.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents original results on the leading edge of cancer research. Chapter One provides a comprehensive discussion to address the potential benefits of myricetin on cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disease. It also discusses the underlined mechanism involved in the biological action of myricetin. Chapter Two discusses the clinical significance of vasculogenic mimicry. Chapter Three studies bacterial toxins as a direct cause of cancer. Chapter Four examines the immunological aspect of stroma in ovarian cancer. Chapter Five focuses on immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of solid tumors. Chapter Six provides a review of targeting non-coding mitochondrial RNAs in gynecological and urinary malignancies. Chapter Seven explores the NF-κB signaling pathway, and its targeting in human cancer treatment. Chapter Eight analyses the circadian rhythm and skin cancer prevention. The final section of this book is a short commentary on melanoma.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents original results on the leading edge of cancer research. Chapter One provides a brief overview of the recent updates in the role of the laboratory in establishing the diagnosis, methods of disease monitoring and mechanisms that contribute to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Chapter Two reviews self-esteem and academic difficulties in preadolescents and adolescents health from pediatric leukemia. Chapter Three analyses the role of lactoferrin expression in the initiation and progression of most common hormone-dependent cancers. Chapter Four studies the ETS transcription factor FLI-1 as an important player in human cancer. Chapter Five highlights the latest advances in DNA methylation signature- based liquid biopsy. Chapter Six presents data concerning the pharmacological activity of water-soluble complex of quercetin with polyvinylpyrrolidone on the process of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice. Chapter Seven investigates prospects of enhancing anti-cancer activities of quercetin in the treatment of glioblastoma. Chapter Eight discusses the correction of tumor-associated thrombocytopenia by quercetin. Chapter Nine examines robotic surgery for prostate cancer.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents original results on the leading edge of cancer research. Chapter One reviews microRNAs as a novel diagnostic and predictive biomarker in human cancer. Chapter Two provides an overview of the miR-10b functions, exploring its utility as a bio-marker and a potential drug target. Chapter Three discusses the deregulated expression and function of S100 proteins in cancer cells. Chapter Four studies the current management of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and future directions in clinical research. Chapter Five examines the human papillomavirus vaccine.

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Book SynopsisHigh-grade gliomas are the most frequent primitive brain malignancies of the adult and account for approximately 60-75% of all gliomas. Chapter One concludes the progress in the management of high-grade gliomas requires the simultaneous and synergic effort of a multitude of health professionals including neurosurgeons, neuroncologists, neurointerventionalists, radiologists, immunologists and neuropathologists among others. Chapter Two describes the fundamental molecular mechanisms involved in the understanding of metastatic growth, the role of some metastasis suppressor proteins in the regulation of these processes in different types of cancer, and the clinical implications of these metastasis suppressors. Chapter Three highlights the reported knowledge regarding the secretion, regulation and therapeutic potential of melatonin in the prevention of cancer. Chapter Four reviews the current status of different oncolytic viruses and the molecular mechanism of viral oncolysis in the context of thoracic malignancies. Chapter Five suggests Coordination Dynamics Therapy can inhibit the growth of different kinds of cancer, especially breast cancer. Chapter six argues that the long term health outcomes of bilateral surgical oophorectomy justify that in the majority of cases, the defect of hormonal and metabolic equilibrium leads to decreased cellular estrogen surveillance and an increase in both morbidity and mortality. Chapter seven evaluates the importance of assessing HPV status as a clinically relevant biomarker and to study the therapeutic implications for the appropriate management of HPV-related OPSCC. Chapter eight covers the complex and multiform network of actions by MicroRNA, and the value of miRNAs in oncology as diagnostic and prognostic indicators.

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Book SynopsisHorizons in Cancer Research. Volume 69 opens with a discussion on hypothetical mechanisms of the induction of NKreg cells in cancer and possible approaches to their abrogation, suggesting that for profound understanding of the problem of NKregs in the context of future target cancer immunotherapy, extensive clinical observations of NKreg cells should be carried out. Afterwards, the authors focus on the cell surface molecules in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) cells, the function of matricellular proteins, particularly OPN, and their potential as targets for ATL immunotherapy. Later, the book demonstrates dual distinct functional roles of widespread cancerous immunoglobulins among cancer cells for the potential applications of RP215 in therapeutic treatments of many human cancers. RP215-linked chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy technology has been applied in anti-cancer treatments through a series of CAR construction and validations by cytotoxic cell killing and cytokine activity release assays. Next, the authors present a new approach to describing, analyzing and understanding the process of dying in cancer patients based on the assumption that there are four tracks along which dying proceeds: the track focused on the medical-diagnostic aspects of the disease, the track referring to the physical aspects of the disease, the track defined by the psychological aspects of the disease and the track describing the coping- determined aspects of dying. In a separate study, examples of cases using a flexible, inflatable multi-channel applicator for the treatment of primary and recurrent gynecologic cancer, as well as treatment with Syed interstitial brachytherapy are presented. The examples are intended to emphasize the different characteristics of patients anatomy and tumors that guide the selection of a particular applicator and brachytherapy technique. Afterwards, the role of emodin in cancer prevention is discussed. Emodin possesses a broad spectrum of pharmacological, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.

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Book SynopsisPancreatic cancer is a very aggressive carcinoma with a poor prognosis. From all options currently available for pancreatic cancer patients, surgical resection offers the only potential for a cure. The high mortality rate of pancreatic cancer is related to the advanced stage of disease at the time of diagnosis. However, it is extraordinarily difficult to make an early diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma based on clinical signs and symptoms only. Due to the nonspecific characteristics of the early symptoms and their insidious nature, pancreatic cancer is often mistaken for other diseases. Moreover, the pancreas is a relatively inaccessible organ for physical examination. This book reviews important literature about pancreatic cancer. Chapter One of this book describes the etiology and pathology of pancreatic cancer. Chapter Two presents up-to-date possibilities in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Chapter Three describes the surgical treatment of pancreatic cancer and postoperative surgical complications in detail. This chapter describes the standard and extended lymphadenectomy performed during radical pancreatic resection for pancreatic cancer. Chapter Four describes borderline pancreatic cancer and brings new knowledge concerning vascular reconstruction during radical surgical resection. Chapter Five discusses systemic therapy for patients with pancreatic cancer.

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Book SynopsisProgression of colorectal cancer (CRC) is a main cause of its morbidity and mortality. CRC progression is characterized by increased growth of the primary carcinoma as well as lymphatic and haematogenic spread. The microenvironment of primary or circulating and disseminated tumor cells seems to be essential in all steps of the metastatic process of CRC. Therefore, the authors suggest that cancer-associated cellular stroma evolving from the extracellular matrix should be crucially integrated with CRC diagnosis, staging and treatment. Following this, a short review focuses on the immunohistochemical findings and the molecular signaling pathways during the development from chronic inflammation to Kaposis sarcoma formation. Kaposis sarcoma is a multifocal neoplasm characterized by deregulated neoangiogenesis, proliferation of spindle cells with infiltrated inflammatory cells and erythrocytes in the skin and visceral organs. The papillary thyroid carcinoma from tall cells (tall cell variant, TCV) was first described by Hawk and Hazard in 1976. 162 such cases were published in the world literature prior to 2000. This is a rare tumor with a frequency of 1-2 cases per million people in Europe and the US. Taking into account the histological pattern, immunophenotype and the results of molecular genetic research, additional differential diagnostic criteria for papillary thyroid cancer from tall cells with transformation into anaplastic carcinoma have been proposed. Cervical cancer is mainly caused by infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV), especially type 16. In this collection, the authors present a study which reveals that HPV16E6 protein induces COX-2 gene and protein expression through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in association with the increase of PGE2-EP4 receptor leading to promote carcinogenesis. False positive and false negative diagnoses in focal carcinomas of the prostate represents one of the most common and significant problems in daily practice. Thus, the authors conclude with a summary of the criteria of greatest value to establish the diagnosis of carcinoma when only some neoplastic glands are found. These focal adenocarcinomas have been termed limited, minimal, minimal volume carcinoma and microcarcinomas. Although most are unique, they may occasionally be found in other sites on the same biopsy, in subsequent biopsies, or in prostatectomy products.

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Book SynopsisMany cancers are associated with the abnormal production of some molecules which can be measured in plasma/urine or can be detected on the surface of resected tumour tissue. These molecules are known as tumour markers. The potential uses of tumour markers are screening in the general population, differential diagnoses of symptomatic patients, clinical staging of cancer, estimating tumour volume, indicating prognosis, monitoring treatment and detecting recurrences. In order to obtain maximum clinical benefit, a tumour marker should have some characteristics. A tumour marker should be tissue-specific. The plasma level of the tumour marker should be in proportion to the size and activity of the tumour. A tumour marker should be present in plasma at a detectable level, even though tumour size is very small. A tumour marker should reflect the altered tumour characteristic as a response to therapy. Unfortunately, currently used tumour markers do not meet all of these criteria. A majority of them are present in normal, benign and tumour tissues, and unfortunately, they are not specific enough to be used for cancer screening in the general population. In addition, conventional tumour markers are poor in reflecting altered tumour behavior in response to anticancer therapy. They are of most value during follow-up appointments. Recent developments in molecular biology have led to the identification of numerous new tumour biomarkers. Firstly, the detection of DNA and RNA freely circulating in blood has provided a new perspective for the early diagnosis of cancer, patient follow-up, and assessment of therapy efficacy. Circulating free nucleic acids can originate from both malignant and non-malignant tissues. Discrimination of tumour cells is based on the presence of tumour-specific genetic and epigenetic alterations. This circulating nucleic acid-based approach is termed a liquid biopsy. Due to its non-invasive and repeatable features, liquid biopsy is a promising tool for cancer patients. It is particularly helpful in cancers where solid tissue biopsies are not feasible, and in the metastatic patients when multiple distinct tumour masses are simultaneously present. As another advantage, liquid biopsy shows the current tumour dynamics during anticancer therapy and drug sensitivities that conventional examinations fail to reflect. Secondly, self-renewable stem cells have the potential to cause cancer. If stem cells are genetically or epienetically changed, their differentiation potential becomes impaired and their proliferative capacity becomes uncontrolled. Current anticancer therapies mostly fail to eradicate cancer stem cells and instead favor expansion of the cancer stem cell pool and/or select for resistant stem cells. Thirdly, microRNAs, non-coding RNAs and transfer RNA fragments found in the bloodstream are candidate markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of different types of cancer. This book provides an overview of these new molecular tumour markers.

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Book SynopsisThis monograph is dedicated to the issues of clinical oncoproteomics, its role and place in contemporary medicine in general, and in particular, oncology. This book reviews various academic viewpoints on the informational component and value of the data of clinical oncoproteomics for the diagnostics and treatment of malignant tumors using cellular, genomic and post-genomic technologies. The monograph summarizes modern concepts of carcinogenesis and describes the authors informational theory of cancer onset. The book presents theoretical, methodological and technical aspects of the innovative medical technology of the personalized proteome-based cell therapy of neoplasms. The author describes his own experience in mapping, proteomic and transcriptomic profiling of the postnatal regional progenitors and cancer stem cells of cancer patients, and the methods of bioinformational processing and mathematical modeling of the results. This book also demonstrates mathematical instruments that are used to detect the regulatory targets of the proliferative and reproductive functions of cancer stem cells in tumors and production of the targeted individually tailored anti-cancer proteome-based cell products. The mechanisms, limitations and future of these technologies are examined relying on the evidence of the clinical proteomics. This book is intended for a broad range of specialists, including clinical doctors of different specializations, such as oncologists, surgeons, neurologists, neurosurgeons, intensivists, immunologists, biochemists, molecular biologists, geneticians, professors and students of medical colleges, as well as specialists working with the issues of cell therapy and personalized medicine.

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Book SynopsisThis book gathers an overview of the sentinel lymph node biopsy procedure among different surgical settings (ie: melanoma, breast, thyroid, vulva, endometrium, cervix, colon, anus, liver, gastric, urological and ovarian cancers). This book consists of eighteen chapters; the rationale and the purpose of this technique, which allows adequate lymph node staging while sparing patients from unnecessary complete lymph node dissections and the traditional harmful complications associated with them are discussed.Furthermore, this book outlines the technical aspects of the procedure (which are also accurately covered) from the various intraoperative sentinel node detection techniques to the subsequent sentinel lymph node analysis methods. Some new techniques for node detection, such as the Sentimag technique (superparamagnetic iron oxide particles detected by a magneto-metric probe) and some new techniques for node analysis, such as the one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA), are accurately discussed. Finally, this book provides information also on preoperative lymph node diagnostics and sentinel lymph node biopsy perioperative complications in different nodal districts. In particular, the complications of sentinel node biopsy and for sentinel node dissection are accurately discussed with a particular focus on breast cancer, melanoma and gynecological cancers.

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Book SynopsisFrontiers in Leukemia Pharmacotherapy provides a comprehensive overview of the various leukemic disorders found in both children and adults, with an emphasis on current and novel treatment approaches for the healthcare practitioner. By focusing on the unique therapeutic challenges of leukemia, this book aims to meet the diverse needs of physicians, pharmacists, nurses, and other healthcare professionals with an interest in serving patients with leukemia. This comprehensive book is divided into nineteen chapters. Content includes information on specific leukemic disease states in both children and adults. Written by researchers and clinical practitioners, chapters cover a wide array of leukemic topics. Topics include understanding the molecular and genetic basis of acute and chronic leukemia, pharmacology of anti-leukemic agents including traditional chemotherapies, targeted immunotherapy, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, disease classification, clinical presentation, pathologic features, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment guidelines for myelodysplastic syndrome, promyelocytic leukemia, pediatric and adult acute and chronic leukemia are other topics covered in more detail. Other topics include: Redox homeostasis occurring in leukemia and the role of antioxidants, supportive care for the leukemic patient experiencing complications from chemotherapy, palliative care for termination of those with leukemia, pharmacometrics using computational modeling to support drug development in leukemia, and future agents that are in clinical trials in our fight against leukemia. Reputable books, journals, monograms, clinical trials, and other resources were used to provide up-to-date medical information useful to assist healthcare professionals in the management of leukemia. Frontiers in Leukemia Pharmacotherapy is an excellent resource for curious healthcare professionals involved in the care of leukemic disorders.

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Book SynopsisHorizons in Cancer Research. Volume 71 begins by reviewing the histopathological features of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and its precursor lesions, risk factors for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma including viral infection, chemical carcinogenic and ethnic predisposition. New knowledge about major pathways and signaling is also presented. Next, the clinical development of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to date is reviewed with a focus on phase I-III clinical trials. The authors also discuss future considerations and strategies to optimize the benefits of this class of immunotherapeutic agents. Glioblastoma multiforme, the most deadly primary brain tumor in adults, is studied in the following chapter. Various studies show that only 3-5% of glioblastoma patients survive longer than 3 years and nearly 100% of all tumors recur due to therapy resistance. The most challenging aspect in the treatment of glioblastomas is the invasive nature of the tumor cells to the surrounding brain tissue. Current forms of treatment for glioblastoma allow for short-term survival, reflecting an urgent need for the development of a new form of treatment. The authors also present the cellular and molecular mechanisms of glioblastoma underlying the evasion of treatment, rationale for using novel therapeutics currently undergoing clinical trials, and explore promising molecular targets for the development of future therapeutics. This collection goes on to demonstrate the importance of TNF-alpha and its receptors in malignant gynecological and breast neoplasms, the immunological mechanisms in these neoplasms, and the role as possible future targets in the treatment. Information about the mechanisms of c-Myc are presented in order to update previous studies to discuss some of the current paradigms and provide a basis for future studies. c-Myc is a regulator gene that codes for a transcription factor, and it is important for many multidirectional cellular functions. In one study, the structural, energetic, spectroscopic and electronic properties of organometallic Ru(II) complexes of the general formula [(η6-arene)Ru(XY)Cl]Z (XY is N,N-(diamine), N,O- or O,O cheating ligands, Z = PF6 anion) were calculated by means of density functional theory electronic structure calculations. These complexes, adopting a piano-stool geometry, are potent anticancer agents and their anticancer activity against various types of cancers has already been investigated. In the closing contribution, the authors outline the guidelines for sentinel lymph node biopsy in the management of thin melanoma on the basis of its histogenetic features. A histogenetic conception and an uncertain malignant potential appear to be the most significant discriminants on whether or not to perform the biopsy.

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Book SynopsisIn the opening chapter, authors discuss the current literature that describes the application of Palliative Medicine services in advanced cancer, models of Palliative Care delivery by site and mode of practice, cost-effectiveness of early Palliative Medicine referral patterns and national and international Palliative Medicine practice and referral guidelines. The chapter will also discuss the outcomes of Palliative Medicine in Oncology focusing on the improvements in patient clinical and quality of life outcomes. Next, a systematic chapter aims to better explain the mechanisms that underlie electrolyte disturbances in cancer patients, to stress on the serious prognostic implications involved and to provide practical and useful indications for the prompt diagnosis, management and therapy of electrolyte disorders. The authors discuss over thirty Pt{Î2-P(X)nP}Cl2 (n = 5,6,7,8) derivatives in which organodiphosphines create wide varieties of the metallocyclic rings: eight-membered (PC5P, PC2OC2P, PC2NC2P), nine-membered (PC6P, POC4OP), ten-membered (POC5OP, PC2OCOC2P, PC3OC3P), and eleven-membered (PC8P, PNC6NP, POC6OP). Another included study covers eighty five Pt(II) complexes with an inner coordination sphere of cis- PtP2Cl2. The P- donor ligands are organodiphosphines which create four- and five-membered metallocyclic rings with the PCP, PNP, PC-CP, PC=CP, PN2P and PCOP types. In the penultimate chapter, the authors examine over forty cis-Pt(Î2-PXXXP)Cl2 derivatives in which organodiphosphines create six-membered metallocyclic rings, and the concluding chapter examines over thirty cis-Pt(Î2-PXXXXP)Cl2 derivatives in which organodihosphines create seven-membered metallocyclic rings.Table of ContentsFor more information, please visit our website at:https://novapublishers.com/shop/new-developments-in-oncology-research/

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Book SynopsisThis 3 volume set covers a wide range of topics, including: gemcitabine; oophorectomies; breast cancer growth inhibition; exosomes; tumour infiltrating lymphocytes.Table of ContentsFor more information, please visit our website at:https://novapublishers.com/shop/encyclopediaofbreastcancernewresearch3volumeset/

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Book SynopsisVolume 72 discusses the Ewing's sarcoma family of tumours, including classic Ewing's sarcoma of the bone, extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma and malignant peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumour of both bone and soft tissue. The following chapter discusses Primary Ewing's sarcoma of the base of the tongue, particularly its diagnosis and treatment. Additionally, the authors examine dual proteasome and histone deacetylase6 inhibitor, dual MDM2 and histone deacetylase inhibitor, and dual bromodomain-containing protein 4 and histone deacetylase inhibitor. The authors go on to examine the genes and proteins involved in mitosis that are proposed as candidates for biomarkers in different types of cancer (colon, lung, prostate, breast and ovarian, among others). The penultimate chapter reviews the published evidence of aromatase inhibitors in breast cancer risk reduction. The recommended patient populations for the use of aromatase inhibitors, expected benefits, adverse effects and monitoring parameters are addressed. The transcription factor and chromatin structure-related aspects of cancer treatment are the focus of the final chapter.Table of ContentsFor more information, please visit our website at:https://novapublishers.com/shop/horizons-in-cancer-research-volume-72/

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Book SynopsisAims and Scope: Although penile cancer is uncommon in the industrialized world, it is highly prevalent in certain regions of the globe such as South America, Africa, and Southeast Asia. It is a highly aggressive malignancy which is often associated with a long delay until diagnosis. This is frequently attributed to shame, fear, and ignorance of the patient. In more advanced stages, it may require extensive amputative surgery that is devastating both physically and psychologically with enormous impact on quality of life, such as loss of conjugal intimacy and self-esteem. On the contrary, in the early stages surgical resection and subsequent disfigurement can be minimized and associated with good cosmetic results. Therefore, it is both patient''s and physician''s task to identify the disease early as the negative impact of the treatment is undoubtedly reduced. This fact emphasizes the importance of education of the patient, primary care physician and thepublic in general, and should get the proper attention from both the medical and lay media. Simple routine habits like self-examination and desired hygiene will facilitate early diagnosis and prevention.Although penile cancer has undergone significant advances in the field of diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment in the past two decades, several challenges and controversies still remain unsolved. Diagnostic evaluation and management of less clinically evident disease requires better standardization of practice. Similarly, minimizing adverse sequelae related to interventions cannot be overemphasized. The implementation of multidisciplinary centers of excellence focused on the nuances inherent to an uncommon but aggressive disease will significantly aid to improve treatment outcomes and quality of life. Each chapter''s senior author was hand-selectedas a world class resource for the area of expertise and for their willingness to share their surgical insight and wisdom. This book will have contributions from world-renowned experts in this field from different continents, providing an international flare and perspective on the recent developments in the field of diagnosis and treatment penile cancer as well as reconstruction of the devastating effects of penile mutilation, including the recent interest in phallic reconstruction and ultimately penile transplantation for the penile cancer survivor. This book will also highlight other current challenges and controversies surrounding this disease, especially those related to the management of locally advanced and metastatic involvement.This book, with its multidisciplinary approach, is intended to provide a comprehensive discussion and benefit every reader, junior or senior, world over who is interested in and deals with patients afflicted by penile cancer, including the urologic oncologist, the radiation oncologist, the medical oncologist, the urology resident, and last but not least the primary care physician.

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Book SynopsisIn Horizons in Cancer Research. Volume 73, after the identification of some small subgroups with a strong biological-molecular identity, the current evidence regarding the prognostic factors of patients with non-eradicable metastatic disease are examined. The goal is to discuss disease subgroups, which may sometimes provide conditions for decisions that are less compliant with current clinical practice and help define new stratification criteria for patients enrolled in prospective studies. Following this, the authors summarize the current knowledge on breast cancer with an introduction on the traditional markers used in the diagnosis of this disease, followed by an account of the emerging markers. Next, the underlying mechanisms of DNA replication, damage and repair are discussed. Further, RAD51 is proposed as a potential means of managing chemoresistant cancers. Certain drugs and strategies can sensitize chemotherapy via impacting on RAD51, which can be developed as chemotherapy modulators. The authors also discuss multiple myeloma, an incurable malignant tumor of plasma cells of the bone marrow, which is the most common primary neoplasm arising in bone. It causes approximately 1% of cancer-related deaths and is the 2nd most common hematological malignancy in the western world. Later, this collection discusses the prevalence and types of infectious complications that patients with multiple myeloma face, as well as present and emerging therapeutic approaches. The concluding study indicates proteins that have a promising future as new anticancer drugs, in conjunction with the in vitro and/or in vivo effects of these bioactive proteins derived from plants.

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Book SynopsisA spinal column tumour is a cancerous (malignant) or noncancerous (benign) growth that develops within or near the spinal cord or within the bones of the spine and aren''t as common as brain tumours, but they do occur. The majority of spinal cord tumours are found in children and young adults, but anyone can be diagnosed with a tumour at any point in their life. Treatment for a spinal tumour may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy or other medications. Surgery can range from a minimally invasive procedure to complex reconstruction depending on the severity of cancer involvement. This book aimed to have a complete and detailed update on spinal oncologic pathology and the most advanced techniques for diagnosing and managing spinal cord and spinal column tumours. From the fundamentals of spinal cord anatomy and spinal tumours pathology to the clinical evaluation, radiological diagnosis and treatment techniques for specific spinal tumours. The book is divided into two sections, one on spinal cord tumours and one on vertebral column tumours. The text contains multidisciplinary notions on surgical approaches for resection, reconstruction, decompression and stabilization for spinal tumours. Furthermore, the text contains important updates on the diagnosis and treatment of vertebral metastases with particular attention to diagnostic algorithms. It contains contributions and experiences of some of the world''s leading experts in the treatment of spinal oncological pathology, making this work rich and complete. This book is aimed at neurosurgeons, orthopaedic surgeons and specialists who require a complete text on current techniques in the management of spinal tumours.

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Book SynopsisAdenocarcinoma is the predominant malignancy found in the colon and rectum. Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer diagnosed in the developed world with a high incidence of mortality and morbidity. The average five-year survival rate remains poor at 55%, although the development of new drugs has improved the survival rate of colorectal cancer patients. The prognosis of colorectal cancer remains poor in spite of the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Human colorectal cancer represents a heterogeneous group of diseases, and its molecular classification is increasingly important. Characterization of novel biomarker targets may lead to prolong the survival rate of colorectal cancer. Biomarkers may have a potential role in screening, diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring disease. Mutations in the KRAS gene in ~40% of tumors have been reported to be induced by genetic and epigenetic alterations. This book, comprised of four chapters, introduces recent topics regarding colorectal cancer, and provides recent highlighted information concerning prevention, diagnosis and treatment. This book will be of interest to undergraduate and graduate students, biomedical researchers, and medical doctors focused on the fields of molecular and cellular biology, medical sciences, and clinical challenges.

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Book SynopsisLatin America represents about 10% of the global population distributed in 33 countries. There is huge social and economic heterogeneity even within and beyond the same country, particularly Brazil being the largest country, where Portuguese is the official language rather than Spanish. Furthermore, several ranking systems have considered Brazil a unique country within the 10 world highest economies. In view of the diversity in Latin America with different possibilities and realities we have found it essential to develop a textbook with focus on the Management of Cancer in Latin America, describing our daily reality, problems to overcome and our huge possibilities. In this volume, we discuss various cancers from melanoma to cost-effectiveness. We hope that this book will serve as a valuable resource of information for health care professionals, practitioners and policy makers.

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Book SynopsisIn parallel with the continuous rise of cancer incidence, efficient treatment becomes an increasingly important public health concern. Radiotherapy has remained one of the most important anticancer approaches for clinical management of a variety of human tumours, as at least half of all oncological patients receive this therapy at some stages of their disease. With the hope to attain greater anticancer response, the interest in using natural plant-derived products as complementary treatments to conventional radiotherapy has substantially increased in the recent years. However, the interactions between phytochemicals and ionizing radiation are not always known and can be often unpredictable. Therefore, in this book, the current findings about the combined treatments of malignant cells with radiation and flavonoids, the largest group of human dietary plant polyphenols, are described. These data show that under carefully chosen dosage-schedule regimens, certain flavonoids or their natural mixtures can behave as potent radiosensitizers, augmenting radiotherapeutic efficacy in different preclinical cancer models. Such radio-sensitising action of flavonoids can be achieved through modulation of the redox status and suppression of several cellular survival pathways activated by radiotherapy, ultimately leading to the death of malignant cells. As flavonoids can concurrently protect normal healthy cells from irradiation-induced injury and thereby minimize toxic adverse reactions, use of these plant-derived agents as complementary approach to radiotherapy might open new avenues for enhancement of clinical outcome. Therefore, combining conventional anticancer modalities with conscious intake of flavonoid supplements as adjuvant agents might be an important future strategy to boost the therapeutic success in the treatment of various human malignancies.Table of ContentsPreface; Introduction; The Role of Radiotherapy in Cancer Treatment: Current Opportunities and Challenges; Radiotherapy-Induced Cellular Responses: Major Mechanisms Behind Radioresistance; Plant Flavonoids as Potential Dietary Radiosensitizers; Modulation of Radiotherapeutic Efficacy by Dietary Flavonoids; Conclusions and Further Challenges; References; About the Author; Index.

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Book SynopsisThe opening chapter of this compilation extensively reviews scientific literature analyzing new molecular targets, ongoing research and future perspectives in the management of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms, a rare group of pathologically and clinically heterogeneous tumors. The significance of PI3K pathway components in lung cancer progression are highlighted, as well as possible therapeutic targets that can be explored in an effort to control the disease. Following this, the authors assess the contributions of flavin-containing monooxygenases 3 along with cytochrome P450 enzymes in Bu metabolic pathways, and analyze their effects on Bu kinetics. The role of the pro-tumorigenic cytokines and the significance of dysregulated notch signaling in the progression of colonic inflammation and carcinogenic transformation is also discussed. The current concepts of nutritional oncology in head and neck cancer patients are revised through a systematic literature search. Significant malnutrition has been reported due to several factors, such as a reduced dietary intake due to dysphagia and odynophagia, or catabolic factors secreted by the head and neck tumors. Lastly, an overview of cervical cancer screening around the world is provided. In the United States, a combination of HPV-testing and cytology method, the HPV-test-alone, and cytology-alone are widely performed.Table of ContentsPrefaceMedical Treatment in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: A Look into the FutureThe PI3K Pathway Components and Their Role in Lung Cancer: Progression to TherapeuticsBusulphan Metabolic Pathway and Possible Drug InteractionsAberrant Notch Signaling in Sessile Serrated Adenoma and Serrated Pathway of Colorectal CancerNutritional Status in Head and Neck Cancer PatientsA Review of Cervical Cancer Screening and PreventionIndex.

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Book SynopsisDiagnosis can be a deep investigative process, complex by nature. The diagnostic processes have become much more multidisciplinary, demanding the use of an eclectic set of technological methodologies and tools, especially from the Fourth Revolution. Biosensors, Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things and 3D Printing have become common terms in health research. Cancer in all its forms has become one of the biggest public health issues of the twentieth century. Among all types of cancer, breast cancer is the most dangerous for older and middle-aged women; it is also the most common form of cancer among the female population. Breast cancer is among the five most common cancers worldwide. This disease has been proliferating in developed, underdeveloped and developing countries. Its incidence rate is increasing with the average life expectancy of the population and with the adoption of new forms of consumption. There are some preventive strategies for breast cancer, such as stimulating visual inspection and touching of the breasts. However, they are not efficient enough to impact breast cancer mortality rate because the disease is still being diagnosed late in many cases. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the disease is necessary, including its risk factors and strategies for early identification and efficient treatment. The existence of these tools in public healthcare systems is important because they may contribute to increasing the chances of cure and the treatment options, decreasing mortality rates. Herein this collection book, we present to readers a set of works from the state-of-the-art dealing with cancer diagnosis using biosensors, artificial intelligence and other approaches. We hope this collection could present some of the state of the art of innovative techniques based on the Fourth Industrial Revolution to support early and accurate diagnosis of cancer, especially breast cancer.Table of ContentsPreface; Acknowledgements; Considerations of Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches to Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer; Morphological Decomposition to Detect and Classify Lesions in Mammograms; Breast Lesions Classification in Frontal Thermographic Images Using Intelligent Systems and Moments of Haralick and Zernike; Lesion Detection in Breast Thermography Using Machine Learning Algorithms without Previous Segmentation; Dialectical Optimization Method as a Feature Selection Tool for Breast Cancer Diagnosis Using Thermographic Images; Method for Classification of Breast Lesions in Thermographic Images Using ELM Classifiers; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a discussion of bone oncology and the most recent data on the three most common tumours of bone (Osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma), while fully explores its cellular and molecular mechanisms, histopathology and genomic analyses. In this book, current best practice in the diagnosis and treatment of these bone tumours and discusses other important aspects of management are described in detail. We tried to bring together the leading research and innovations from throughout the world in this important area of research.Table of ContentsPreface; Osteosarcoma; Chondrosarcoma; Ewing Sarcoma or Round Cell Tumors; Index.

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Book SynopsisIn this book we have gathered recent research related to cancer and cancer treatment and care. We also present research on pharmacy in cancer treatment, a few papers on breast cancer, research on bone metastases, radiation therapy and some pilot programs on telemedicine in cancer care, prostate cancer screening in Guyana, cost analysis of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer in Canada and early oncology rehabilitation for lymphoma patients in Singapore. We hope this research will be of interest to our readers.Table of ContentsPreface; Oncology Pharmacist Expertise in Cancer Care; Review of a Pharmacist-Led Telephone Follow-Up Program for Ambulatory Patients Receiving Chemotherapy at a Tertiary Cancer Centre; About the Pharmacy Call-Back Program at the Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; Radiation-Induced Morphea of the Breast Five Years Post-treatment: A Case Report; Are We Properly Diagnosing and Treating Pagets Disease of the Breast? A Case Series; Pictorial Essay of Radiologic Findings Following Palliative Treatment for Bone Metastases; Tibial Metastasis as a Presenting Symptom of Endometrial Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report; Rapid Formation of Significant Heterotopic Ossification in a Critically Ill Patient with Necrotizing Pancreatitis; Atypical Hemangiomas Resembling Metastases: A Case Report and Review of the Literature; Use of Single Fraction Palliative Radiotherapy for Gastric Bleeding: A Case Report; Is Pre-existing Nausea and Vomiting a Barrier to the Prophylaxis of Radiation-Induced Nausea and Vomiting?; Personal Device Telemedicine in a Highly Specialized Cancer Care Delivery Model: A Pilot Study to Assess Feasibility and Identification of Future Potential; The Protection Motivation Theory and Its Impact on Prostate Cancer Screening in Guyana; Cost Analysis of Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) after Completion of Chemotherapy with the Introduction of Erlotinib; Early Oncology Rehabilitation (EOR) for Lymphoma Patients: A Review of Functional Outcomes and Inpatient Rehabilitation Pilot Program in Singapore General Hospital (SGH); Would Physical Activity Improve Quality of Life in Patients with Advanced Cancer?; Index.

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Book SynopsisVolume 75 analyses the strategic actions taken by the UK in the fight against cancer, reviewing the key investments and funding made available in the country. Following this, the authors discuss how efficient targeting of thioredoxin with compounds and proper knowledge of their mechanism of action may be an efficacious therapeutic intervention for cancer. This compilation goes on to xplore the otologic complications secondary to radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal cancer cases to provide a clinical perspective on this issue. An extensive review of the published studies about metastatic colorectal cancer kinetics and changes of growth curves under the pressure of pharmacological treatments is presented, and variables related to tumor cell kinetics derived from radiologic evaluations are discussed. The authors propose a new post treatment cancer care involving the systemic administration of nanomolar concentrations of drag-reducing polymers that aims to avoid metastasis following cancer surgery. A study is carried out to compare the molecular mechanism of cytochrome P450 enzyme family members on breast cancer, as well as to compare the distinct biological processes with each other. This compilation closes with a guide for researchers concerning preserving the heterogeneity of breast cancer cell lines in terms of either isolation, selection or culture method models in order to understand the limitations of various methods.Table of ContentsPreface; Advanced Technologies for Cancer Care in the UK: Current and Future Strategic Directions; The Molecular Mechanisms to Functional Significance of Selective Targeting of the Redox Active Thioredoxin System as an Effective Therapy Towards Cancer Elimination; The Otologic Complications of the Radiotherapy Treatment of Nasopharyngeal Cancer; Growth Rate of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Evidence from Clinical Trials; Systemic Administration of Drag-Reducing Polymers to Combat Metastasis by Transforming Local Turbulence in Circulation into Laminar Blood Flow; Expressions of Cytochrome P450 Family and Molecular Mechanisms in Breast Cancer; Methods and Protocols for the Primary Isolation and In Vitro Culture of Breast Cancer Cells; Index.

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Book SynopsisIn Horizons in Cancer Research. Volume 76, the molecular drivers associated with prostate cancers at different stages which can be exploited as drug targets are discussed. This information will be useful for designing rational targeted therapeutic strategies for treatment of this disease. Following this, the authors discuss lung cancer early diagnosis with traditional and alternative approaches. In lung cancer, smoking exposure has been identified as the main causative agent in smokers. A critical appraisal of the different updated techniques in the mediastinal staging of lymph nodes in lung cancer is provided. The authors also provide an overview of colorectal cancer and Ca2+ signalling in cells, focusing their discussion on a specific component of the Ca2+ signalling machinery, the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 channel. Breast cancer, a serious public health problem, is assessed, maintaining that women need accurate and effective information in order to attain early diagnosis. Lastly, a simple technique to decreases cell-culture pH while maintaining sterile technique is described.Table of ContentsPreface; Insights into the Molecular Drivers of Prostate Cancer; Lung Cancer Early Diagnosis: The Soon-er, the Better; Smoking Exposure Accelerated the Normal Lung to Become Cancers; Lymph Nodes Mediastinal Staging in Lung Cancer: A Critical Appraisal; Calcium Signalling in Cancer: A Focus on Transi-ent Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily V Member 4 (TRPV4) in Colorectal Cancer; Breast Cancer: Signs, Symptoms and Management; Increased CO2 Percentage as a Tool for Reducing Cell Cul-ture Medium pH; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis compilation attempts to provide readers with brief and concise information on different types of cancer, their origins, and available treatment options. Protein kinase inhibitors, currently in clinical practice and under research for potential clinical usefulness, are also reviewed. Currently employed gene therapy strategies, obstacles, and challenges in cancer gene therapy are presented, focusing on the latest nanotechnological advancements in this field including gene transfer methods, vectors, and their current successful applications in cancer gene therapy. Lastly, sulfamethoxazole is examined for its history of combating several microbial infections by affecting folic acid biosynthesis inhibiting dihydropteroate synthetase.

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Book SynopsisThis compilation begins by discussing the common pediatric brain tumors, their key oncogenic drivers and signaling pathways. An update on the clinical trials against druggable targets is also provided. An outline of the metabolizing pathways in cancer and the mode of action of aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells is presented, also highlighting the roles of nanotechnology in energy-based cancer therapies. The authors review recent studies that characterize the specific mechanisms involved in mediating -tocotrienol reversal of epithelial-to mesenchymal transition in malignant breast cancer cells. The cytotoxic effects of Mannich bases derived from kojic acid on A375 human malignant melanoma are discussed and MRC-5 human lung cell lines are investigated using a sulphorhodamine B assay. Additionally, the cytotoxic effects and mechanisms displayed by metformin are assessed, alone or in combination with other agents. A better understanding of metformin-induced metabolic changes could aid in the discovery of new drugs, enhancing the efficacy of current melanoma therapeutics. In closing, the authors explore the way in which physical activity and exercise are negatively correlated to most type of cancers, as exercise shares common underlying metabolic pathways with those of some bioactive food compounds, such as polyphenols.

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Book SynopsisCancer poses a major threat to human health and is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Today, we know that metastasis, a multistep process whereby tumour cells spread from the site of origin to distant organs, is responsible for most cancer mortality. In fact, more than 90% of cancer-related deaths are attributed to tumour metastasis. Unfortunately, there are no therapies currently available to specifically target metastasis of any human cancer types, and patients with distant metastases ultimately die from their disease. Current conventional treatment modalities are focused on the removal of tumours by surgical resection and/or the killing of malignant cells using cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs or ionizing radiation, with no substantial inhibitory effects on the migratory and invasive abilities of cancer cells. Moreover, emerging evidence has shown that these standard treatment modes can unexpectedly increase the motility and invasiveness of surviving tumour cells, inducing or accelerating metastases formation and aggravating malignant progression. This paradoxical phenomenon can help us to understand why, despite the technological advancements in surgical procedures and drug delivery methods, the overall survival rate of numerous cancer types has barely changed over the past several decades, remaining unacceptably poor. Due to the insufficiency of existing therapies in improving the prognosis of cancer patients, new effective treatment options are urgently needed. To this end, the focus must be moved from a simply cytotoxic approach to s metastasis-preventing strategy, substituting the question of why cancer forms and how to kill it for the question of why tumours spread and how to prevent metastasis. In this book, a conceptually new approach to cancer management is presented, by focusing not on the killing of transformed neoplastic cells, but blocking the spread of tumour cells to distant organs, thereby restricting malignant progression and targeting the main cause of cancer-related mortality. Plant-derived flavonoids might be ideal candidates for novel antimetastatic agents, as they are non-toxic and possess the capacity to inhibit multiple steps of metastatic cascade. These polyphenolic phytochemicals act through regulating a number of metastasis-associated signalling cascades in different tumour cells, and also modulate diverse components of tumour microenvironments and attenuate the formation of tumour-specific angiogenesis. Moreover, the combination of certain flavonoids with surgical resection, chemotherapy or radiotherapy may result in the abolishment of the metastasis-promoting effects of these conventional therapeutic modalities, providing novel treatment options for combating cancer in the future. It is expected that the development of flavonoids for antimetastatic drugs and their inclusion in further cancer treatment strategies can substantially improve the prognosis of patients with various types of malignancies in a time when cancer incidence is predicted to continuously increase throughout the world. This book should be read by anyone who is interested in innovative advances in cancer care. Due to its systemic approach to cellular and molecular processes of metastatic cascade, this book might serve as a useful contemporary textbook for medical colleges and universities for studies of cancer development, progression and dissemination.Table of ContentsPreface; About the Author; Abbreviations; Introduction; Cancer as One of the Most Threatening Diagnoses in the 21st Century; Metastasis: The Major Cause of Cancer Death without an Effective Clinical Treatment; Flavonoids as Natural Anticancer Agents with Strong Antimetastatic Potential; Intervention into Complex Metastatic Process by Plant Flavonoids; Perspectives of Involvement of Flavonoids as Natural Antimetastatic Agents in Future Cancer Treatment Strategies; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis compilation includes details about recent innovations in the field of cancer treatment as well as best practices for managing the disease in various forms. The first chapter deals with the potential anticancer properties of the plant Trigonella foenum-graecum, also known as fenugreek. Following this, the authors provide clinically relevant information on physical therapy for women with breast cancer as well as targeted therapy for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. Then, the authors discuss the evolution of the field of systematic therapy for urothelial cancer, which ranges from chemotherapy to immune checkpoint inhibitor use. The final chapter highlights the chemo-preventive efficacy of phytochemicals in modulating the epigenetic mechanisms involved in the initiation and progression of cancer.Table of ContentsPreface; Multifaceted Anticancer Potential of Trigonella Foenum-Graecum; Physical Therapy for Women with Breast Cancer; Targeted Therapy for Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer; Advances in Systemic Therapy for Urothelial Cancer: Evolution of the Field; Chemo-Modulation of the Epigenomic Alterations in Cancer; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book addresses major problem in the management of patients with cancer of the head and neck. The authors have written six chapters of particular importance for head and neck cancer diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. Chapter 1 describes treatment of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head. Chapter 2 presents treatment of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the neck. Biochemical studies of head and neck cancer treatments are presented in Chapter 3. In chapter 4 biochemical studies of head and neck cancer biomarkers are presented. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) exploits light interactions and photosensitizers to induce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species. Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) uses the phenomenon of photosensitizer emitting fluorescence to distinguish some tumours from normal tissue. PDT offers a therapeutic solution that has been found to be cost-effective compared to palliative major surgery or chemotherapy. However, despite the significant improvement noted in preclinical and clinical trials, PDT is still not considered the standard treatment option for head and neck cancer. Multiple photosensitizers have been studied and tumours have been treated in a variety of head and neck sites over the last 30 years. Photodynamic therapy is a palliative treatment option for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients which induces local inflammation and alters tumour cell morphology.Table of ContentsPreface; Biochemical Studies of Head Cancers; Biochemical Studies of Neck Cancers; Biochemical Studies of Head and Neck Cancer Treatments; Biochemical Studies of Head and Neck Cancer Biomarkers; Photomedicine of Head and Neck Cancer; The Use of Laser Light in Laryngology; Index.

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Book SynopsisGastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer in the world. Most gastric cancers are diagnosed in advanced stages, and the prognosis remains poor. The 5-year survival rate is 40-60% in eastern countries and around 25% in the west. Among advanced gastric cancer cases, peritoneal implantation is one of the most common forms of metastasis and around 14% of cases present peritoneal metastases at initial diagnosis, presenting a survival of 3-6 months. Until the early 1990s it was considered a terminal disease. But today these patients have some opportunities to be treated with curative intent or to prolong their life. Although the prognosis remains poor, there are some treatment options including cytoreductive surgery, neoadjuvant therapy, and some forms of intraperitoneal chemotherapy with or without hyperthermia. These are aggressive treatments, so we must be careful when selecting patients. Imaging and preoperative staging are also crucial in selecting patients for appropriate treatment. The surgical technique is described and a detailed demonstration video is available in the e-book version. New forms of treatment such as PIPAC and new scientific advances and future perspectives are discussed. This book is an update on this topic and attempts to provide an overview for all medical personnel involved in the treatment of these patients.Table of ContentsPreface; Epidemiology of gastric cancer; Role of imaging in peritoneal surface malignancies; Diagnosis and staging in advanced gastric cancer; Histopathological and molecular classifications of gastric cancer; Patient selection and preoperative considerations; Neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy; Principles of cytoreductive surgery; Role of intraperitoneal chemotherapy.; Current role of PIPAC in peritoneal metastases of gastric origin; Scientific Advances and future perspectives; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis edited volume presents six chapters detailing recent progress in the field of cancer research. Chapter One discusses the current information available regarding chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, including definition, prevalence, pathophysiology at nerve fibres, risk factors, physiology of specific antineoplastic agents on the peripheral nervous system, signs and symptoms, diagnostic criteria, and treatment methods. Chapter Two aims to substantiate the value of tumour-associated circulating and tissue miRNAs for assessing both the aggressiveness of the malignant process course and the sensitivity to neoadjuvant polychemotherapy (NPCT) in breast cancer patients of various molecular subtypes. Chapter Three summarizes the current role of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in cell aging, its dual functions in the balance of proliferation and apoptosis pathways and the current knowledge of not only the physiological but also the pathophysiological missions of NF-κB and its potential role as a target of therapeutic intervention against breast cancer. Chapter Four deals with 5-aminolevulinic acid radio-dynamic therapy for treatment of high-grade gliomas. Chapter Five presents a literature review to identify the possible role of sex hormone receptors in gender variation and sexual dimorphism in the genesis and progression of urothelial bladder cancer (UBC). Lastly, Chapter Six discusses the risk factors, diagnostic modalities, and outcomes of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), the second most common primary hepatobiliary malignancy.Table of ContentsPreface; Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: From Diagnosis to Treatment; The Expression Profile of Tissue and Circulating miRNAs for Optimization of Neoadjuvant Therapy of Breast Cancer Patients; Current Mechanisms and Strategies for the Therapeutic Manipulation of NF-κB in Cell Aging and Breast Cancer; 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Radiodynamic Therapy for Treatment of High-Grade Gliomas; The Emerging Role of Sex Steroid Receptors in Urothelial Bladder Cancer; Cholangiocarcinoma: Diagnosis, Risk Factors and Outcome; Index.

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Book SynopsisCancer during pregnancy is a rare event, occurring approximately once per 1,000 pregnancies annually, corresponding to 0.07% to 0.1% of all malignant tumours. The incidence of cancer in pregnancy is increasing maybe due to trends in delayed childbearing. The most common malignancies associated with pregnancy are, in order of decreasing frequency, melanoma and breast cancer, cervical cancer, lymphomas and leukaemias. Melanoma, hematopoietic malignancies and lung cancer are the only cancers that have been reported to metastasize to the placenta and foetus, while melanoma accounts for almost one third of all cases. Imaging during pregnancy should consider risks to the foetus. Treatment of cancer can often be safely administered with good maternal and foetal outcomes. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery must be adapted to the pregnancy state. Psychological support is needed at all levels of care. In addition, the diagnosis of cancer during reproductive age is increased, so procedures for counselling women with newly diagnosed cancer for fertility preservation are necessary. Due to high survival rates and high quality of life after cancer, women should be given the opportunity to plan motherhood after cancer actively. This work will provide an updated review of the diagnosis, staging and treatment options for cancer during pregnancy and the tools for a complete oncofertility counselling.Table of ContentsPreface; Oncofertility; Fertility Sparing Procedures; Taking Care of Women with Cancer During Pregnancy; Psychological Aspects in Women with Cancer and Pregnancy; Imaging Procedures in Pregnancy for Pre-Invasive and Invasive Lesions in Gynecological Cancers; Diagnostic Methods for Neoplastic and Pre-Invasive Lesions of Non-Gynaecological Neoplasms in Pregnancy; Monitoring Pregnancy (In Patients with History of Cancer and Diagnosis of Cancer); Lactation in Cancer; Breast Cancer and Pregnancy; Anticancer Therapies During Pregnancy: Focus on Breast Cancer; Supportive Care in Pregnancy; Radiation Therapy and Pregnancy; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis monograph consists of five chapters that describe the diagnosis and treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which is the most common malignant epithelial neoplasm affecting the oral cavity. Chapter One deals with different potentially malignant disorders in the development of OSCC, diagnostic methods of OSCC, the pertinence of biomarkers in OSCC therapy, classification of biomarkers, existing biomarkers in different stages of OSCC and the challenges of developing new biomarkers. Chapter Two is focused on principles, systems, technologies, therapeutic approaches, safety and toxicity and patents comprising drug delivery systems for local oral squamous cell carcinoma treatment. Chapter Three aims to highlight a detailed critical review of previous literature on putative cancer stem cell pathways for oral carcinoma and draw interest in targeting the most common cancer stem cell markers as a therapeutic regimen for oral cancer preneoplastic tumours, metastasis, and treatment progression. Chapter Four aims to cover the recent developments in nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems, advanced nanomedicines and their diagnostics as well as therapeutic applications in OSCC. Finally, Chapter 5 aims to elaborate on the importance of biomarkers as an early diagnostic tool in detecting oral squamous cell carcinoma.Table of ContentsPreface; Biomarkers in the Progression and Metastasis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Buccal Oral Mucosal Drug Delivery Systems for Treatment and Adjuvant Therapy of Oral Carcinoma; Unraveling the Targets of Cancer Stem Cells in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Diagnostics and Therapeutic Applications of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Biomarkers: A Powerful Armor for Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis edited volume presents seven chapters detailing recent progress in the field of cancer research. Chapter One explores the application of robotic surgery to radical cystectomy, highlighting patient selection, surgical approach, perioperative and oncologic outcomes as well as some areas of controversy in the literature. Chapter Two describes the principles of cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy procedures with its potential risks for patients and staff. Chapter Three discusses findings related to ISG15 and protein ISGylation, and their association with interferon signaling in cancer. Chapter Four describes the potential for MCF-7 cells to curb or counteract breast cancer. Chapter Five discusses the potential of emerging technologies in breast conserving treatment. Chapter Six reviews the current literature surrounding the basis of employing the immune system for the treatment of the various non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC), discusses approved immunotherapies for each type of NMSC as well as indications for use, and synthesizes ongoing investigational studies of immunomodulatory agents for these diseases. Finally, Chapter Seven discusses the use of gene therapy in management of squamous cell carcinoma.Table of ContentsPreface; Robotic Radical Cystectomy: A Review of Techniques, Outcomes, and Controversies; Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intra-peritoneal Chemotherapy: Procedures, Potential Risks and Outcomes; ISG15: An Interferon-Stimulated Gene with Critical Functional Implications in Cancer; MCF 7 Cells A Model towards Breakthrough in Breast Cancer Therapy; Progress in Breast Conserving Treatment: Margin Assessment, Irradiation, Ablation; Immunotherapies in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers; Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Etiology and Advances in the Strategic Management; Index.

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Book SynopsisHaematological malignancies, defined as cancers that affect the blood, bone marrow, and lymph nodes, represent a serious health care challenge for oncologists. Chapter One focuses on cytogenetic and molecular markers and summarizes their importance in identification, treatment and prognosis in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms. Chapter Two details the efficacy of treatment of myeloid hematologic malignancies with isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations by inhibitors of this enzyme. Chapter Three describes the use of Selinexor and other drugs for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Chapter Four explains the utility of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukaemia.Table of ContentsPreface; Molecular and Cytogenetic Markers and Their Clinical Implications in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms; Treatment of Myeloid Hematologic Malignancies with Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mutations by Inhibitors of This Enzyme; Inhibition of Nuclear Export as a New Therapy in Hematologic Malignancies; Poly(adp-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Acute Myeloid Leukemia; Index.

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Book SynopsisMacrosomy, Obesity & Cancer

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