Nuclear physics Books
Penguin Books Ltd Elusive
Book SynopsisThe story of the Higgs boson - the so-called ''God particle'' - and the man who thought of itIn the summer of 1964, a reclusive young professor at the University of Edinburgh wrote two scientific papers which have come to change our understanding of the most fundamental building blocks of matter and the nature of the universe. Peter Higgs posited the existence an almost infinitely tiny particle - today known as the Higgs boson - which is the key to understanding why particles have mass, and but for which atoms and molecules could not exist.For nearly 50 years afterwards, some of the largest projects in experimental physics sought to demonstrate the physical existence of the boson which Higgs had proposed. Sensationally, confirmation came in July 2012 at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN in Geneva. The following year Higgs was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics. One of the least-known giants of science, he is the only person in history to have had a single parTrade Reviewthorough and fascinating ... Close spoke at length to Higgs and the result is a highly detailed and rich narrative ... a piece of scientific history. -- Jay Elwes * Spectator *An illuminating guide to the man and the science behind the Higgs boson ... the tale of the conception and discovery of the Higgs boson, a tiny tremor in an energy field that pervades the whole universe, is one of the most important in modern physics. Without the Higgs there would be no atoms or people or planets or stars or anything except restless particles zipping through space in splendid isolation. Close, a particle physicist who has served as head of communications and public education at Cern, is an excellent guide to the knotty science of that story, as well as what we do know about the mysterious man himself. -- Ananyo Bhattacharya * Guardian *a clear, vivid and occasionally even beautiful portrait of a scientific breakthrough: the tale of how a relatively obscure Scotland-based physicist developed a stunning theory, one that would help illuminate the invisible, particulate web that holds our universe together -- Deborah Blum * New York Times *a five star book - it reaches parts other books on the Higgs have failed to reach and Frank Close does a brilliant job -- Brian Clegg * Popular Science *A fascinating biography of an elusive particle and the equally elusive man who predicted its existence half a century before it was found. If the Higgs boson is the God particle then I feel I have glimpsed the mind of its creator. -- Jim Al-KhaliliClose tells the intertwined stories of Higgs's life and the discovery of the Higgs boson with the aid of a deep understanding of the physics involved and the benefit of many meetings with Higgs himself. There have been other books on the same theme, but this is far and away the best. Where Close excels is in explaining the fundamental principles of particle physics in language anyone likely to pick up this book will understand. ... Elusive works as a biography of Peter Higgs, as an account of one of the greatest intellectual advances in human history and, best of all, as an answer to anyone who asks why we should bother to carry out experiments like those performed at CERN. Buy it. -- John Gribbin * Literary Review *Close is among today's best writers on the history of quantum mechanics -- EconomistParticular brilliance ... This accessible account tells the story of the quest, and of the man who made it possible * BBC History Magazine *reveals the sheer complexity, detail and dazzling precision that, for the scientist, constitutes 'beauty in nature'. Close maintains a strong narrative line - we are watching and waiting throughout for the Higgs boson to be identified. -- Sue Roe * Mail on Sunday *A perfect marriage of subject and writer. With verve, insight, and rigor, Frank Close beautifully illuminates the life and times of one of physics' great, unheralded giants. Elusive is a triumph of a book, and one worthy of its subject's extraordinary contributions. -- bestselling author of The Founders * Jimmy Soni *Elusive is both a deep, exciting intellectual history and an elegantly told portrait of a quiet man whose 'one great idea' changed modern physics forever. Close marries the exotic details of contemporary particle physics theory with the very human aspects of how that theory came to be. An enlightening read from one of our very best writers and practitioners of physics. -- author of The Last Man Who Knew Everything * David N. Schwartz *Rich, compelling, and surprising. Fundamental physics can be equal parts awe-inspiring and head-spinning, and Close masterfully captures those qualities in this deeply satisfying tale of Peter Higgs's convoluted, and very human, journey through life and science. -- author of The Ascent of Information * Caleb Scharf *beautifully, engagingly written ... I was reassured by the characteristic wisdom and honesty of Close's judgement that, while the discovery of the Higgs particle completes the Standard Model of the atom, "Internal completeness is a mathematical requirement, whereas describing the world around us is the demand of natural philosophy". That sentence alone makes Elusive my book of the year. -- Raymond Tallis * Times Literary Supplement Books of the Year *Frank Close is probably the perfect person to tell the tale of Higgs and his boson. A serious physicist himself, he is also an exceptional author - and, unlike with most authors, his subject actually occasionally speaks to him. -- Tom Whipple * Times Books of the Year *the first full biography of Higgs ... focuses just as much on Higgs the particle as he does on Higgs the scientist, and the physics concepts he explores can be daunting. But this excellent book is well worth the effort. -- Mike Perricone * Symmetry Books of the Year *A compelling account of the long search for the Higgs boson -- Books of the Year * Economist *Because there would be no atoms or molecules without the intervention of the Higgs field, our very existence is a consequence of its reality ... a compulsive read. Besides explaining the physics and exploring the many personalities involved, it also conveys the excitement of physics research, the missed opportunities, the happy coincidences, the false trails, the social networks, the collaborations and professional rivalries. Like an established scientific fact that will stand for all time, this book is a definitive account of an historic scientific achievement. -- Rick Marshall * Physics Education *
£11.69
Oxford University Press Particle Physics
Book SynopsisVery Short Introductions: Brilliant, Sharp, Inspiring Following the discovery of the Higgs boson, Frank Close has produced this major revision to his classic and compelling introduction to the fundamental particles that make up the universe. Frank Close takes us on a journey into the atom to examine known particles such as quarks, electrons, and the ghostly neutrino, and explains the key role and significance of the Higgs boson. Along the way he provides fascinating insights into how discoveries in particle physics have actually been made, and discusses how our picture of the world has been radically revised in the light of these developments. He concludes by looking ahead to new ideas about the mystery of antimatter and massive neutrinos, and to what the next 50 years of research might reveal about the nature of the Higgs field which moulds the fundamental particles and forces.ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.Table of Contents1: Journey to the centre of the universe 2: How big and small are big and small? 3: How we learn what things are made of, and what we found 4: The heart of the matter 5: Accelerators: cosmic and manmade 6: Detectors: cameras and time machines 7: The forces of Nature 8: Exotic matter (and antimatter) 9: Where has matter come from? 10: Questions for the 21st century
£9.49
John Wiley & Sons Inc Radiation Detection and Measurement
Book SynopsisThe new edition continues to convey the importance of understanding the basic physics underlying the operation of instruments. This edition includes upto date information on new technical developments that continue to enhase the instruments and techniques availible for the detection and spectroscopy of ionizing radiation. .Table of ContentsChapter 1 Radiation Sources. I. Units And Definitions. II. Fast Electron Sources. III. Heavy Charged Particle Sources. IV. Sources Of Electromagnetic Radiation. V. Neutron Sources. Chapter 2 Radiation Interactions. I. Interaction Of Heavy Charged Particles. II. Interaction Of Fast Electrons. III. Interaction Of Gamma Rays. IV. Interaction Of Neutrons. V. Radiation Exposure And Dose. Chapter 3 Counting Statistics And Error Prediction. I. Characterization Of Data. II. Statistical Models. III. Applications Of Statistical Models. IV. Error Propagation. V. Optimization Of Counting Experiments. VI. Limits Of Detectability. VII. Distribution Of Time Intervals. Chapter 4 General Properties Of Radiation Detectors. I. Simplified Detector Model. II. Modes Of Detector Operation. III. Pulse Height Spectra. IV. Counting Curves And Plateaus. V. Energy Resolution. VI. Detection Efficiency. VII. Dead Time. Chapter 5 Ionization Chambers. I. The Ionization Process In Gases. II. Charge Migration And Collection. III. Design And Operation Of Dc Ion Chambers. IV. Radiation Dose Measurement With Ion Chambers. V. Applications Of Dc Ion Chambers. VI. Pulse Mode Operation. Chapter 6 Proportional Counters. I. Gas Multiplication. II. Design Features Of Proportional Counters. III. Proportional Counter Performance. IV. Detection Efficiency And Counting Curves. V. Variants Of The Proportional Counter Design. VI. Micropattern Gas Detectors. Chapter 7 Geiger-Mueller Counters. I. The Geiger Discharge. II. Fill Gases. III. Quenching. IV. Time Behavior. V. The Geiger Counting Plateau. VI. Design Features. VII. Counting Efficiency. VIII. Time-To-First-Count Method. IX. G-M Survey Meters. Chapter 8 Scintillation Detector Principles. I. Organic Scintillators. II. Inorganic Scintillators. III. Light Collection And Scintillator Mounting. Chapter 9 Photomultiplier Tubes And Photodiodes. I. Introduction. II. The Photocathode. III. Electron Multiplication. IV. Photomultiplier Tube Characteristics. V. Ancillary Equipment Required With Photomultiplier Tubes. VI. Photodiodes As Substitutes For Photomultiplier Tubes. VII. Scintillation Pulse Shape Analysis. VIII. Hybrid Photomultiplier Tubes. IX. Position-Sensing Photomultiplier Tubes. X. Photoionization Detectors. Chapter 10 Radiation Spectroscopy With Scintillators. I. General Considerations In Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy. II. Gamma-Ray Interactions. III. Predicted Response Functions. IV. Properties Of Scintillation Gamma-Ray Spectrometers. V. Response Of Scintillation Detectors To Neutrons. VI. Electron Spectroscopy With Scintillators. VII. Specialized Detector Configurations Based On Scintillation. Chapter 11 Semiconductor Diode Detectors. I. Semiconductor Properties. II. The Action Of Ionizing Radiation In Semiconductors. III. Semiconductors As Radiation Detectors. IV. Semiconductor Detector Configurations. V. Operational Characteristics. VI. Applications Of Silicon Diode Detectors. Chapter 12 Germanium Gamma-Ray Detectors. I. General Considerations. II. Configurations Of Germanium Detectors. III. Germanium Detector Operational Characteristics. IV. Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy With Germanium Detectors. Chapter 13 Other Solid-State Detectors. I. Lithium-Drifted Silicon Detectors. II. Semiconductor Materials Other Than Silicon Or Germanium. III. Avalanche Detectors. IV. Photoconductive Detectors. V. Position-Sensitive Semiconductor Detectors. Chapter 14 Slow Neutron Detection Methods. I. Nuclear Reactions Of Interest In Neutron Detection. II. Detectors Based On The Boron Reaction. III. Detectors Based On Other Conversion Reactions. IV. Reactor Instrumentation. Chapter 15 Fast Neutron Detection And Spectroscopy. I. Counters Based On Neutron Moderation. II. Detectors Based On Fast Neutron-Induced Reactions. III. Detectors That Utilize Fast Neutron Scattering. Chapter 16 Pulse Processing. I. Overview Of Pulse Processing. II. Device Impedances. III. Coaxial Cables. IV. Linear And Logic Pulses. V. Instrument Standards. VI. Summary Of Pulse-Processing Units. VII. Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICS). VIII. Components Common To Many Applications. Chapter 17 Pulse Shaping, Counting, And Timing. I. Pulse Shaping. II. Pulse Counting Systems. III. Pulse Height Analysis Systems. IV. Digital Pulse Processing. V. Systems Involving Pulse Timing. VI. Pulse Shape Discrimination. Chapter 18 Multichannel Pulse Analysis. I. Single-Channel Methods. II. General Multichannel Characteristics. III. The Multichannel Analyzer. IV. Spectrum Stabilization And Relocation. V. Spectrum Analysis. Chapter 19 Miscellaneous Detector Types. I. Cherenkov Detectors. II. Gas-Filled Detectors In Self-Quenched Streamer Mode. III. High-Pressure Xenon Spectrometers. IV. Liquid Ionization And Proportional Counters. V. Cryogenic Detectors. VI. Photographic Emulsions. VII. Thermoluminescent Dosimeters And Image Plates. VIII. Track-Etch Detectors. IX. Superheated Drop Or "Bubble Detectors". X. Neutron Detection By Activation. XI. Detection Methods Based On Integrated Circuit Components. Chapter 20 Background And Detector Shielding. I. Sources Of Background. II. Background In Gamma-Ray Spectra. III. Background In Other Detectors. IV. Shielding Materials. V. Active Methods Of Background Reduction. Appendix A The NIM, CAMAC, And VME Instrumentation Standards. Appendix B Derivation Of The Expression For Sample Variance In Chapter 3. Appendix C Statistical Behavior Of Counting Data For Variable Mean Value. Appendix D The Shockley-Ramo Theorem For Induced Charge.
£213.56
Cambridge University Press Nuclear Superfluidity
Book SynopsisNuclear Superfluidity is a monograph devoted exclusively to pair correlations in nuclei. It will be essential reading for researchers and students in experimental and theoretical nuclear physics, and related research fields. This 2005 title has been reissued as an Open Access publication on Cambridge Core.Table of ContentsPreface; 1. Introduction; 2. The pairing force and seniority; 3. The BCS theory; 4. Spontaneous symmetry breaking; 5. Pairing vibrations; 6. Phase transitions; 7. Plastic behaviour of nuclei and other finite systems; 8. Sources of pairing in nuclei; 9. Beyond mean field; 10. Induced interaction; 11. Pairing in exotic nuclei; Appendices; References; Index.
£31.34
Orion Publishing Co The Star Builders
Book SynopsisIs it possible to build a star on earth?When asked what problem he hoped scientists will have solved by the end of the century, Professor Stephen Hawking replied ''I would like nuclear fusion to become a practical power source. It would provide an inexhaustible supply of energy, without pollution or global warming.'' But what is nuclear fusion, and could it really be the answer to the climate emergency? Fusion exists already in the stars that fill our universe with light, but can we harness that power here on earth? This is the question The Star Builders seeks to answer. In his compelling new book, Dr Arthur Turrell makes the case for cutting-edge new techniques in nuclear energy - innovations that would allow us to recreate the power of the stars on our own planet. Filled with the remarkable stories of the scientists and entrepreneurs who have dedicated their lives to a seemingly impossible dream, The Star Builders is an unmissable insight into the future of life - aTrade ReviewA gobsmackingly good read... Turrell's portraits of the undaunted star-building scientists who are trying to make fusion a reality are not just compelling but, dare I say it, fun. I learned a lot by reading this book. You will, too. * Robert Bryce, author of A Question of Power: Electricity and the Wealth of Nations *The Star Builders surveys this vibrant frontier of science and technology clearly and realistically. It brings a timely, hopeful message. * Frank Wilczek, Winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics and author of Fundamentals: Ten Keys to Reality *Incredibly readable and entertaining. The book's first-hand accounts of what is occurring inside fusion startups are especially enthralling. Turrell skillfully tells the fascinating story of the personalities, science, and technology that have brought this fledging industry to the point of takeoff. * Jason Parisi, coauthor of The Future of Fusion Energy *Painstakingly researched. Turrell gives us a front-row seat to the hard-fought race for fusion, and he offers convincing reasons for optimism. In fact, he shows us a galaxy of effort being directed toward 'building a star.' * James Mahaffey, PhD, author of Atomic Adventures *Arthur Turrell captures the excitement of the race to produce the first commercial fusion energy-perhaps the most important technological race of all. * Sir Steve Cowley, director of Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory *The Star Builders is realistic and positive - an interesting snapshot of the current situation and key players * Nature *
£9.49
John Murray Press The Quantum World: The disturbing theory at the
Book SynopsisForget everything you thought you knew about reality.The world is a seriously bizarre place. Things can exist in two places at once and travel backwards and forwards in time. Waves and particles are one and the same, and objects change their behaviour according to whether they are being watched. This is not some alternative universe but the realm of the very small, where quantum mechanics rules. In this weird world of atoms and their constituents, our common sense understanding of reality breaks down - yet quantum mechanics has never failed an experimental test. What does it all mean? For all its weirdness, quantum mechanics has given us many practical technologies including lasers and the transistors that underlie computers and all digital technology. In the future, it promises computers more powerful than any built before, the ability to communicate with absolute privacy, and even quantum teleportation. The Quantum World explores the past, present and future of quantum science, its applications and mind-bending implications. Discover how ideas from quantum mechanics are percolating out into the vast scale of the cosmos - perhaps, in the future, to reveal a new understanding of the big bang and the nature of space and time.ABOUT THE SERIESNew Scientist Instant Expert books are definitive and accessible entry points to the most important subjects in science; subjects that challenge, attract debate, invite controversy and engage the most enquiring minds. Designed for curious readers who want to know how things work and why, the Instant Expert series explores the topics that really matter and their impact on individuals, society, and the planet, translating the scientific complexities around us into language that's open to everyone, and putting new ideas and discoveries into perspective and context.
£10.44
Chicago Review Press The Uranium Club: Unearthing Lost Relics of the
Book SynopsisTim Koeth peered into the crumpled brown paper lunch bag; inside was a surprisingly heavy black metal cube. He recognized the mysterious object instantly—he had one just like it sitting on his desk at home. It was uranium metal, taken from the nuclear reactor that Nazi scientists had tried—and failed—to build at the end of World War II. This unexpected gift, wrapped in a piece of paper inscribed with a few cryptic but crucial lines, would launch Koeth, a nuclear physicist and professor, and his colleague Miriam Hiebert, a cultural heritage scientist, on an odyssey to trace the tale of these cubes—two of the original 664 on which the Third Reich had pinned their nuclear ambitions. Part treasure hunt, part historical narrative, The Uranium Club winds its way through the back doors of World War II and Manhattan Project histories to recount the contributions of the men and women at the forefront of the race for nuclear power. From Werner Heisenberg and Germany’s nuclear program to the Curies, the first family of nuclear physics, to the Allied Alsos Mission’s infiltration of Germany to capture Nazi science to the renegade geologists of Murray Hill scouring the globe for uranium, the cubes are lodestars that illuminate a little-known—and hugely consequential—chapter of history.The cubes are physical testimony to the stories of the German failure, and the successful American program that launched the world into the modern nuclear age, and the lessons for modern science that the contrast in these two programs has to offer. Table of Contents1. A Cube Appears 2. Introducing Element 92 3. A Brief History of Fission Part I: Taken from Germany 4. The Lawyer: John Lansdale Jr. 5. The Solider: Boris Pash 6. Alsos in Italy 7. The Scientist: Dr. Samuel Goudsmit 8. Alsos in England 9. The Hunt for FrÉdÉric Joliot-Curie 10. Paris 11. Belgium 12. Unoccupied France 13. Strasbourg 14. Heidelberg 15. Diebner’s Lab 16. Operation Big Part II: The Reactor Hitler Tried to Build 17. Modern Physics 18. Jewish Physics 19. The Uranium Club 20. How to Build a Nuclear Reactor 21. Early German Experiments 22. Copenhagen 23. 1942 24. War in the Service of Science 25. Building B-VIII 26. Farm Hall 27. The 400 28. Paperweights Part III: Gift of Ninninger 29. Finding Ninninger 30. The Race 31. Belgian Uranium 32. The CDT 33. Murray Hill 34. Making Metal 35. The Last Stop 36. The New Uranium Club Epilogue Index
£22.91
Oxford University Press Radioactivity
Book SynopsisYou cannot hide from radioactivity. Even the book you are holding is slightly radioactive, but there are more serious risks. Radioactivity - the breakdown of unstable atomic nuclei, releasing radiation - is a fundamental process in nature. It is a process that has been harnessed to provide wide and important applications in science, medicine, industry, and energy production. But it remains much misunderstood - and feared, perhaps because nuclear radiation cannot be detected by human senses, and can undoubtedly do great harm if appropriate precautions are not taken. In recent times there have been increasing concerns about nuclear terrorism.The traces of radioactive atoms in rocks have allowed us to understand the nature and history of the Earth, in particular to date events in that history. Radioactive dating has been used for a variety of purposes, from determining the age of the first hominids to the dating of the Turin Shroud. The discovery of radioactivity has improved our survival kit, but also gave us the chance to reach a new level of awareness on the history of our species and its environmental impacts. In this Very Short Introduction, Claudio Tuniz explains the nature of radioactivity and discuss its role in nature. Describing radioactivity in the stars and in the Earth, he also looks at its wide range of applications in biomedicine and in science, as well as the mechanisms of nuclear fission and fusion, and the harnessing of nuclear power. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.Trade Reviewan enjoyable discussion of the light and dark side of radioactivity. * Times Higher Education Supplement *Table of ContentsPROLOGUE; EPILOGUE; REFERENCES; FURTHER READING
£9.49
Oxford University Press The Black Book of Quantum Chromodynamics A
Book SynopsisThe Black Book of Quantum Chromodynamics is an in-depth introduction to the particle physics of current and future experiments at particle accelerators. The book offers the reader an overview of practically all aspects of the strong interaction necessary to understand and appreciate modern particle phenomenology at the energy frontier. It assumes a working knowledge of quantum field theory at the level of introductory textbooks used for advanced undergraduate or in standard postgraduate lectures. The book expands this knowledge with an intuitive understanding of relevant physical concepts, an introduction to modern techniques, and their application to the phenomenology of the strong interaction at the highest energies. Aimed at graduate students and researchers, it also serves as a comprehensive reference for LHC experimenters and theorists.This book offers an exhaustive presentation of the technologies developed and used by practitioners in the field of fixed-order perturbation theory and an overview of results relevant for the ongoing research programme at the LHC. It includes an in-depth description of various analytic resummation techniques (which form the basis for our understanding of the QCD radiation pattern and how strong production processes manifest themselves in data) and a concise discussion of numerical resummation through parton showers. This forms the basis of event generators for the simulation of LHC physics, and their matching and merging with fixed-order matrix elements. It also gives a detailed presentation of the physics behind the parton distribution functions (which are a necessary ingredient for every calculation relevant for physics at hadron colliders such as the LHC) and an introduction to non-perturbative aspects of the strong interaction, including inclusive observables such as total and elastic cross sections, and non-trivial effects such as multiple parton interactions and hadronization. The book concludes with a useful overview contextualising data from previous experiments such as the Tevatron and the Run I of the LHC which have shaped our understanding of QCD at hadron colliders.Trade ReviewThe three authors are leading world experts in the field and have produced an authoritative and comprehensive text on the subject. There is a wealth of information for students of particle physics and for researchers in high energy physics which has never before been collected together in one place. * Alan D. Martin, Contemporary Physics *A comprehensive overview of the physics of the strong interaction. * Virginia Greco, CERN Courier *
£39.89
Oxford University Press A Modern Primer in Particle and Nuclear Physics
Book SynopsisSuitable for undergraduate and graduate physics students, this unique textbook provides an ideal entry point into particle, nuclear, and astroparticle physics and presents the modern concepts, theories, and experiments that explain the elementary constituents and basic forces of the universe.Trade ReviewIn this long-awaited, agile and modern textbook, the author takes an innovative deep approach which favours quick and unexpected connections between diverse subjects while stimulating critical thinking and further inquiry. It is a fluent, fascinating book with an exhaustive description of the most updated particle and nuclear physics state of the art. * Lucia Votano, emeritus Frascati INFN National Laboratory *Professor Terranova offers a fresh, much-needed look at the way the foundations of particle and nuclear physics are introduced to university students. This textbook exhibits a fine balance of mathematical rigour, clarity, useful examples, and completeness. It is a stimulating reading that will please the most exigent scholars. * Antonio Bueno, University of Granada *An excellent undergraduate textbook that covers many aspects of modern particle physics, including quarks and the Higgs boson, assuming only basic notions of Special Relativity and Quantum Mechanics. An invaluable reference for any student or teacher who wants a simple but complete introduction to our current understanding of the fundamental interactions in Nature. * Alberto Zaffaroni, Milano-Bicocca University *This book is written as a captivating story of particle physics that enlightens students on the beauty of particle physics and motivates them to pursue further studies of the subject. * Alessandro Tricoli, Brookhaven National Laboratory *Table of Contents1: Setting the scene 2: Scattering and decay 3: Measurements in particle physics 4: Accelerators and colliders 5: Symmetries and antimatter 6: Electromagnetic interactions 7: The modern theory of strong interactions 8: Flavor symmetries and the quark models 9: From QCD to nuclear physics 10: Weak interactions 11: Radioactivity and cosmic engines 12: The electroweak theory 13: At the forefront of the Standard Model Free
£40.99
OUP OXFORD Nuclear Energy
Book SynopsisThis book provides insight with non-technical explanations of how nuclear reactor technology holds the promise of making significant contributions to the struggle against global warming, and why dozens of nations are engaged in innovation and expansion of nuclear technology.
£99.75
The University of Chicago Press The Whale and the Reactor A Search for Limits in
Book SynopsisTrade Review"The questions he poses about the relationship between technical change and political power are pressing ones that can no longer be ignored, and identifying them is perhaps the most a nascent 'philosophy of technology' can expect to achieve at the present time."--New York Times Book Review "[Winner's] thoughtful, stylishly expressed essays . . . . are designed to wake people up to the semantic games policy-makers play; to goad people into thinking responsibly and contributing to decision making. In this he succeeds very well."--Kirkus Reviews "With educated wit, home-grown insight, and even a bit of gallows humor, Winner strives to awaken us from our technological sleepwalking."--David F. Noble, author of America by Design "The Whale and the Reactor is the philosopher's equivalent of superb public history. In its pages an analytically trained mind confronts some of the most pressing political issues of our day."--Isis
£19.95
Cambridge University Press Introduction to Effective Field Theory
Book SynopsisUsing examples from across the sub-disciplines of physics, this introduction shows why effective field theories are the language in which physical laws are written. The tools of effective field theory are demonstrated using worked examples from areas including particle, nuclear, atomic, condensed matter and gravitational physics. To bring the subject within reach of scientists with a wide variety of backgrounds and interests, there are clear physical explanations, rigorous derivations, and extensive appendices on background material, such as quantum field theory. Starting from undergraduate-level quantum mechanics, the book gets to state-of-the-art calculations using both relativistic and nonrelativistic few-body and many-body examples, and numerous end-of-chapter problems derive classic results not covered in the main text. Graduate students and researchers in particle physics, condensed matter physics, nuclear physics, string theory, and mathematical physics more generally, will find this book ideal for both self-study and for organized courses on effective field theory.Trade Review'This book can serve as a reference work for graduate students of theoretical physics as well as a professional reference … Recommended.' M. O. Farooq, ChoiceTable of ContentsPart I. Theoretical framework; 1. Decoupling and hierarchies of scale; 2. Effective actions; 3. Power counting and matching; 4. Symmetries; 5. Boundaries; Part II. Relativistic applications; 7. Conceptual issues (relativistic systems); 8. QCD and chiral perturbation theory; 9. The Standard Model as an effective theory; 10. General Relativity as an effective theory; Part III. Nonrelativistic Applications; 11. Conceptual issues (nonrelativistic systems); 12. Electrodynamics of non-relativistic particles; 13. First-quantized methods; Part IV. Many-body applications; 14. Goldstone bosons again; 15. Degenerate systems; 16. EFTs and open systems; Appendix A Conventions and units; Appendix B Momentum eigenstates and scattering; Appendix C Quantum field theory: a cartoon; Appendix D Further reading; References; Index.
£68.39
Institute of Physics Publishing Monte Carlo Calculations in Nuclear Medicine
Book SynopsisThis book covers the applications of Monte Carlo (MC) calculations in therapeutic nuclear medicine from basic principles, to computer implementations of software packages and their applications in radiation dosimetry and treatment planning in targeted radionuclide therapy. The different chapters describe the fundamental concepts of nuclear and hybrid imaging instrumentation and quantitative imaging, internal radiation dosimetry and radiobiology aspects of targeted radionuclide therapy, then discuss the various components and steps required for implementing a dose calculation and treatment planning methodology in targeted radionuclide therapy. Some computer programs are described and illustrated with some useful features and clinical applications. The book is suitable for Scientists working in academic or industrial environments focusing on translational research and therapeutic nuclear medicine and radiology.Key Features:<
£114.00
Cambridge University Press Foundations of Perturbative QCD
Book SynopsisThis book gives a systematic treatment of perturbative QCD, the theory of the strong interaction. Ideal for graduate students starting their work in high-energy physics, it will also interest experienced researchers. First published in 2011, this title has been reissued as an Open Access publication on Cambridge Core.Table of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Why QCD?; 3. Basics of QCD; 4. Infra-red safety and non-safety; 5. Libby–Sterman analysis and power counting; 6. Parton model to parton theory I; 7. Parton model to parton theory II; 8. Factorization; 9. Corrections to the parton model in QCD; 10. Factorization and subtractions; 11. DIS in QCD; 12. Fragmentation; 13. TMD factorization; 14. Hadron-hadron collisions; 15. More advanced topics; Appendices; References; Index.
£128.25
John Wiley & Sons Inc Particle Physics
Book SynopsisAn accessible and carefully structured introduction to Particle Physics, including important coverage of the Higgs Boson and recent progress in neutrino physics. Fourth edition of this successful title in the Manchester Physics series Includes information on recent key discoveries including: An account of the discovery of exotic hadrons,byond the simple quark model;Expanded treatments of neutrino physics and CP violationin B-decays;An updated account of physics beyond thestandard model', including the interaction of particle physics withcosmology Additional problems in allchapters, with solutions to selected problems available on the book's website Advanced material appears in optional starred sections Table of ContentsEditors’ preface to the Manchester Physics Series xiii Authors’ preface xv Suggested Short Course xvii Notes xixPhysical Constants, Conversion Factors and Natural Units xxi 1 Some basic concepts 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Antiparticles 3 1.3 Interactions and Feynman diagrams 9 1.4 Particle exchange 15 1.5 Units and dimensions 19 Problems 1 22 2 Leptons and the weak interaction 24 2.1 Lepton multiplets and lepton numbers 24 2.2 Leptonic weak interactions 31 2.3 Neutrino masses and neutrino mixing 35 Problems 2 50 3 Quarks and hadrons 52 3.1 Quarks 53 3.2 General properties of hadrons 55 3.3 Pions and nucleons 58 3.4 Strange particles, charm and bottom 61 3.5 Short-lived hadrons 66 3.6 Allowed and exotic quantum numbers 72 Problems 3 75 4 Experimental methods 77 4.1 Overview 77 4.2 Accelerators and beams 79 4.3 Particle interactions with matter 86 4.4 Particle detectors 95 4.5 Detector systems and accelerator experiments 112 4.6 Non-accelerator experiments 121 Problems 4 123 5 Space–time symmetries 126 5.1 Translational invariance 127 5.2 Rotational invariance 129 5.3 Parity 135 5.4 Charge conjugation 142 5.5 Positronium 145 5.6 Time reversal 149 Problems 5 153 6 The quark model 155 6.1 Isospin symmetry 156 6.2 The lightest hadrons 162 6.3 The L = 0 heavy quark states 174 6.4 Colour 177 6.5 Charmonium and bottomonium 184 Problems 6 191 7 QCD, jets and gluons 193 7.1 Quantum chromodynamics 193 7.2 Electron–positron annihilation 210 Problems 7 215 8 Quarks and partons 217 8.1 Elastic electron scattering: the size of the proton 217 8.2 Inelastic electron and muon scattering 222 8.3 Inelastic neutrino scattering 231 8.4 Other processes 236 8.5 Current and constituent quarks 243 Problems 8 246 9 Weak interactions: quarks and leptons 248 9.1 Charged current reactions 250 9.2 The third generation 262 Problems 9 274 10 Weak interactions: electroweak unification 276 10.1 Neutral currents and the unified theory 277 10.2 Gauge invariance and the Higgs boson 287 Problems 10 305 11 Discrete symmetries: C, P, CP and CPT 308 11.1 P violation, C violation and CP conservation 308 11.2 CP violation and particle–antiparticle mixing 316 11.3 CP violation in the standard model 340 Problems 11 343 12 Beyond the standard model 346 12.1 Grand unification 347 12.2 Supersymmetry 354 12.3 Strings and things 358 12.4 Particle physics and cosmology 360 12.5 Dirac or Majorana neutrinos? 373 Problems 12 381 A Relativistic kinematics 383 A.1 The Lorentz transformation for energy and momentum 383 A.2 The invariant mass 385 A.2.1 Beam energies and thresholds 385 A.2.2 Masses of unstable particles 387 A.3 Transformation of the scattering angle 388 Problems A 390 B Amplitudes and cross-sections 392 B.1 Rates and cross-sections 392 B.2 The total cross-section 394 B.3 Differential cross-sections 395 B.4 The scattering amplitude 397 B.5 The Breit–Wigner formula 400 B.5.1 Decay distributions 401 B.5.2 Resonant cross-sections 404 Problems B 406 C The isospin formalism 408 C.1 Isospin operators 409 C.2 Isospin states 411 C.3 Isospin multiplets 411 C.3.1 Hadron states 412 C.4 Branching ratios 414 C.5 Spin states 416 Problems C 416 D Gauge theories 418 D.1 Electromagnetic interactions 419 D.2 Gauge transformations 420 D.3 Gauge invariance and the photon mass 421 D.4 The gauge principle 423 D.5 The Higgs mechanism 425 D.5.1 Charge and current densities 425 D.5.2 Spin-0 bosons 427 D.5.3 Spontaneous symmetry breaking 428 D.6 Quantum chromodynamics 429 D.7 Electroweak interactions 434 D.7.1 Weak isospin 434 D.7.2 Gauge invariance and charged currents 436 D.7.3 The unification condition 437 D.7.4 Spin structure and parity violation 440 Problems D 441 E Answers to selected questions 443 References 448 Index 451
£45.55
Princeton University Press The Standard Model
Book Synopsis
£49.30
Springer Nature Switzerland AG Sun in a Bottle?... Pie in the Sky!: The Wishful
Book SynopsisThis book gives an accessible overview of the 70-year history of nuclear fusion research and the vain attempts to construct an energy-generating nuclear fusion reactor. It shows that even in the most optimistic scenario nuclear fusion, despite the claims of its proponents and the billions being spent on research, will not be able to make a sizable contribution to the energy mix in this century. The important consequence is that nuclear fusion will not be a factor in combating climate change, since the race for carbon-free energy will have been won or lost long before the first nuclear fusion power station comes on line. Table of ContentsPreface.- What is nuclear fusion?.- Stellar processes and quantum mechanics.- Nuclear fusion of light elements.- Plasma.- Plasma in nuclear fusion devices.- Early history and declassification.- Birth of the tokamak.- The tokamak stampede and further developments.- The Big Tokamaks: TFTR, JET, JT-60.- The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor.- Problems, problems, problems….- Post-ITER: Demo and fusion power plants.- Spherical tokamaks.- Stellarators and other alternative approaches.- Privately funded research.- Criticism of the fusion enterprise.- Economics and sustainability.- Environment and safety.- Summary and final conclusion.
£24.99
Oxford University Press Elementary Particle Physics The Standard Theory
Book SynopsisThis engaging introduction to the latest theoretical advances and experimental discoveries in elementary particle physics, culminating in the development of the 'Standard Model', makes this fascinating subject accessible to undergraduate students and aims at motivating them to study it further.Trade ReviewThis volume offers a comprehensive introduction to the Standard Model of particle physics, which is the best description of strong, weak, and electromagnetic forces available * M. C. Ogilvie, CHOICE *I find this book extremely relevant and interesting. It addresses deep and important issues from a modern perspective * Nathan Seiberg, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton *The authors have done a fabulous job in orchestrating their discussion of physics: a herculean task, evidently carried out well. Moreover, the way the authors go about this follows the historical development of modern physics, from quantum mechanics, to quantum electrodynamics, to quantum field theory, and of course particle physics and the standard model. Very impressive. * Michael C. Berg, Loyola Marymount University *This is an excellent introduction, at an advanced undergraduate level, to the physics of elementary particles and their mutual interactions. Unlike many books in this subject, it starts from a historical and experimental perspective to illustrate how the present theoretical framework, the Standard Model, came about through a long and fascinating bottom-up process. The book will play an important role in inspiring undergraduate students to undertake graduate studies, or perhaps a career, in theoretical (or experimental) high energy physics. * Gabriele Veneziano, Department of Theoretical Physics, CERN, Professor Emeritus, Collège de France *Table of Contents1: Introduction 2: Quantisation of the Electromagnetic Field and Spontaneous Photon Emission 3: Elements of Classical Field Theory 4: Scattering in Classical and Quantum Physics 5: Elements of Group Theory 6: Particle Physics Phenomenology 7: Relativistic Wave Equations 8: Towards a Relativistic Quantum Mechanics 9: From Classical to Quantum Mechanics 10: From Classical to Quantum Fields: Free Fields 11: Interacting Fields 12: Scattering in Quantum Field Theory 13: Gauge Interactions 14: Spontaneously Broken Symmetries 15: The Principles of Renormalisation 16: The Electromagnetic Interactions 17: Infrared Effects 18: The Weak Interactions 19: A Gauge Theory for the Weak and Electromagnetic Interactions 20: Neutrino Physics 21: The Strong Interactions 22: The Standard Model and Experiment 23: Beyond the Standard Model Free
£49.71
Oxford University Press Nuclear Physics
Book SynopsisIn this Very Short Introduction Frank Close describes the historical development of nuclear physics, our understanding of the nucleus, how nuclei form, and the applications of the field in medicine. Exploring key concepts, Frank Close shows how nuclear physics brings the physics of the stars to Earth.Table of Contents1. The fly in the cathedral ; 2. Nuclear alchemy ; 3. Powerful forces ; 4. Nucleosynthesis ; 5. Odds, evens, and shells ; 6. Beyond the Periodic table ; 7. Exotic nuclei ; 8. Applied nuclear physics ; Further reading ; Index
£9.49
Oxford University Press Neutron Interferometry
Book SynopsisThe quantum interference of de Broglie matter waves is probably one of the most startling and fundamental aspects of quantum mechanics. It continues to tax our imaginations and leads us to new experimental windows on nature. Quantum interference phenomena are vividly displayed in the wide assembly of neutron interferometry experiments, which have been carried out since the first demonstration of a perfect silicon crystal interferometer in 1974. Since the neutron experiences all four fundamental forces of nature (strong, weak, electromagnetic, and gravitational), interferometry with neutrons provides a fertile testing ground for theory and precision measurements. Many Gedanken experiments of quantum mechanics have become real due to neutron interferometry.Quantum mechanics is a part of physics where experiment and theory are inseparably intertwined. This general theme permeates the second edition of this book. It discusses more than 40 neutron interferometry experiments along with theirTable of Contents1: Introduction 2: Neutron interferometers and apparatus 3: Neutron interactions and the coherent scattering lengths 4: Coherence and decoherence 5: Spinor symmetry and spin superposition 6: Topological and geometric phases 7: Contexuality and Kochen-Specker phenomena 8: Gravitational, inertial and motional effects 9: Solid state physics applications 10: Forthcoming, proposed and more speculative experiments 11: Perfect crystal neutron optics 12: Interpretational questions and conclusions
£999.99
Cambridge University Press High Energy Astrophysics
Book SynopsisThe third edition of this well-established textbook is ideal for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate courses in high energy astrophysics. Now consolidated into a single-volume treatment, this textbook has been completely rewritten, providing a strong astronomical and astrophysical background for students to explore more advanced topics.Trade Review'The third edition of Malcolm Longair's High Energy Astrophysics is a remarkable gem. It is written in the clear, lucid style that characterizes Professor Longair's monographs and displays an admirable balance between breadth and depth. It is remarkably up to date and covers both high-energy phenomenology and physical processes with authority. It would serve equally well as a textbook for a graduate-level course or a reference work for the practising astrophysicist: a nicely written and sophisticated appendix on basic astronomy will make it equally useful for readers trained as physicists.' Bradley M. Peterson, Professor and Chair of Astronomy, Ohio State University'The remarkable revolution in our understanding of the Universe is covered brilliantly in this authoritative third edition of a classic text by Professor Longair - the prominent Cambridge astrophysicist and one of the subject's most experienced expositors. The text conveys the excitement of the progress being made in both observational and computational astronomy and ably describes the physical processes involved prior to educating the reader on a comprehensive list of frontier research topics ranging from dead stars in our Galaxy, black holes in galactic nuclei to the evolutionary history of galaxies seen at early cosmic times. The new edition is comprehensively illustrated and indexed with up-to-date references and an essential purchase for all physicists and astronomers.' Richard Ellis, Steele Professor of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology'This is a great book for students and researchers alike. It is up to date and covers the exciting new developments in high energy astrophysics. It will be on my shelf at arm's reach.' Neil Gehrels, Chief, Astroparticle Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC and College Park Professor of Astronomy, University of Maryland'The book is really a treasure for any student and teacher interested in astrophysics. It is very up to date and synoptically covers the whole field of high-energy astrophysics. I will use the book for my lectures as soon as I can!' Günther Hasinger, Scientific Director, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik'… well-written and highly informative … stimulating and useful … beautifully written and authoritative … delivered with enthusiasm and offering the reader the chance to gain insight and understanding of a fascinating topic.' The Observatory'… a substantial textbook … likely to remain the standard on the subject for many years … comprehensive in its spread of subject matter and methodical in presentation.' Contemporary PhysicsTable of ContentsPart I. Astronomical Background: 1. High energy astrophysics - an introduction; 2. The stars and stellar evolution; 3. The galaxies; 4. Clusters of galaxies; Part II. Physical Processes: 5. Ionisation losses; 6. Radiation of accelerated charged particles and bremsstrahlung of electrons; 7. The dynamics of charged particles in magnetic fields; 8. Synchrotron radiation; 9. Interactions of high energy photons; 10. Nuclear interactions; 11. Aspects of plasma physics and magnetohydrodynamics; Part III. High Energy Astrophysics in our Galaxy: 12. Interstellar gas and magnetic fields; 13. Dead stars; 14. Accretion power in astrophysics; 15. Cosmic rays; 16. The origin of cosmic rays in our galaxy; 17. The acceleration of high energy particles; Part IV. Extragalactic High Energy Astrophysics: 18. Active galaxies; 19. Black holes in the nuclei of galaxies; 20. The vicinity of the black hole; 21. Extragalactic radio sources; 22. Compact extragalactic sources and superluminal motions; 23. Cosmological aspects of high energy astrophysics; Appendix; References; Index.
£66.49
Cambridge University Press The Lund Model
Book SynopsisThis title presents a detailed description of the successful Lund model of the dynamics of particle physics. Inspired by quantum chromodynamics, it provides a promising pictorial approach to quark and gluon interactions. This title, first published in 1998, has been reissued as an Open Access publication on Cambridge Core.Table of ContentsPreface; 1. Relativistic kinematics, electromagnetic fields and the method of virtual quanta; 2. The harmonic oscillator and the quantum field; 3. The vacuum as a dielectric medium and renormalisation; 4. Deep inelastic scattering and the parton model; 5. The classical motion of the massless relativistic string; 6. The decay kinematics of the massless relativistic string; 7. A stochastic process for string decay; 8. The properties of the Lund model fragmentation formulae: external part formulas; 9. The internal part fragmentation formulae and their relations to the unitarity equations of Regge theory; 10. The dynamical analogues of the Lund model fragmentation formulae; 11. Flavour and transverse momentum generation, and the vector to pseudoscalar meson ratio; 12. Heavy quark fragmentation and Baryon production; 13. The Hanbury–Brown–Twiss-effect and polarisation in the Lund model; 14. The Lund gluon model, the kinematics and the decay properties; 15. Gluon emission via the Bremsstrahlung process; 16. Multigluon emission, the dipole moment and parton coherence cascade models; 17. The lambda measure in the leading log, and the modified lead log approximation of perturbative QCD; 18. The parton model and QCD; 19. Inelastic lepto-production in the Lund model, the soft radiation model and heretical structure functions; 20. Hadronic interaction models; References; Index.
£35.14
Cambridge University Press DBranes
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£109.25
Cambridge University Press An Introduction to the Standard Model of Particle Physics
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£80.75
Cambridge University Press FiniteTemperature Field Theory
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£35.14
Cambridge University Press Methods of Contemporary Gauge Theory
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£999.99
Carus Books The LNT Report
£17.09
Imperial College Press Edward Teller Lectures: Lasers And Inertial
Book SynopsisHow to achieve unlimited, safe, clean and low-cost energy by laser- or beam-driven inertial nuclear fusion has preoccupied all winners of the Edward Teller Medal since its inception in 1991. This book presents their findings, meeting discussions, and personal insights from Edward Teller himself. Expect discussion of important advances anticipated in the future such as multi-billion dollar fusion research projects (NIF), and new schemes such as the petawatt-picosecond laser-plasma interactions evoking new physics and coupling mechanisms.For the first time, laser technology of the new century is providing the very short and extremely intense energetic pulses needed for fusion energy from next generation power stations, which produce energy at cost several times lower than any other source. The long-sought dream to directly ignite frozen heavy hydrogen for controlled use is close to being realized. Years of research on plasmas and lasers carried out worldwide in highly sophisticated experiments is summarized. The coverage begins with the work of John Nuckolls and Nobel Laureate Nikolai Basov and leads to the new scheme of plasma block acceleration via the nonlinear ponderomotive force. Edward Teller Lectures is one of the first guides to these new developments.
£144.00
Springer Nature Switzerland AG Nuclear Lattice Effective Field Theory: An Introduction
Book SynopsisThis primer begins with a brief introduction to the main ideas underlying Effective Field Theory (EFT) and describes how nuclear forces are obtained from first principles by introducing a Euclidean space-time lattice for chiral EFT. It subsequently develops the related technical aspects by addressing the two-nucleon problem on the lattice and clarifying how it fixes the numerical values of the low-energy constants of chiral EFT. In turn, the spherical wall method is introduced and used to show how improved lattice actions render higher-order corrections perturbative. The book also presents Monte Carlo algorithms used in actual calculations. In the last part of the book, the Euclidean time projection method is introduced and used to compute the ground-state properties of nuclei up to the mid-mass region. In this context, the construction of appropriate trial wave functions for the Euclidean time projection is discussed, as well as methods for determining the energies of the low-lying excitations and their spatial structure. In addition, the so-called adiabatic Hamiltonian, which allows nuclear reactions to be precisely calculated, is introduced using the example of alpha-alpha scattering. In closing, the book demonstrates how Nuclear Lattice EFT can be extended to studies of unphysical values of the fundamental parameters, using the triple-alpha process as a concrete example with implications for the anthropic view of the Universe. Nuclear Lattice Effective Field Theory offers a concise, self-contained, and introductory text suitable for self-study use by graduate students and newcomers to the field of modern computational techniques for atomic nuclei and nuclear reactions.Trade Review“Nuclear Lattice Effective Field Theory … is a great practical advantage to the reader. … Lähde and Meißner’s helpful primer has the potential to stimulate increased efforts by serving newcomers as an essential guide to the field.” (Ruprecht Machleidt, Physics Today, Vol. 72 (10), October, 2019)Table of ContentsIntroduction to Effective Field Theory.- Nuclear Forces in Chiral EFT.- Lattice Formulations.- Lattice Chiral Effective Field Theory.- Two and Three Nucleons on the Lattice.- Lattice Monte Carlo.- LIght and Medium-Mass Nuclei on the Lattice.- Further Developments.- Notations and Conventions.- Basics of the Nucleon-Nucleon Interaction.- Study of Rotational Symmetry Breaking Effects in an A Cluster Model.- Monte Carlo Sampling.- Hybrid Monte Carlo Action and Force.- Monte Carlo Calculation of Observables.-
£49.49
Springer Nature Switzerland AG Heavy Ion Reactions at Low Energies
Book SynopsisThis book is based on Valery Zagrebaev's original papers and lecture materials on nuclear physics with heavy ions, which he prepared and extended through many years for the students of nuclear physics specialties.Thе book outlines the main experimental facts on nuclear reactions involving heavy ions at low energies. It focuses on discussions of nuclear physics processes that are a subject of active, modern research and it gives illustrative explanations of these phenomena in the framework of up-to-date theoretical concepts.This textbook is intended for students in physics who have completed a standard course of quantum mechanics and have basic ideas of nuclear physics processes.It is designed as a kind of lifeboat that, at the end of the course, will allow students to navigate the modern scientific literature and to understand the goals and objectives of current, on-going research.Table of Contents1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62. Nuclear interactions and classes of nuclear reaction . . . . . . . . . 122.1. Nucleon-nucleon and nucleon-nucleus interactions, nuclear mean field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.2. Nucleus-nucleus interaction: folding and phenomenological potentials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162.2.1. Folding potentials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172.2.2. Woods-Saxon potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202.2.3. Proximity potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212.2.4. Bass potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222.2.5. Comparison of diabatic potentials for the nucleus-nucleusinteraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232.2.6. Dependence of potential energy on nuclear orientation . 232.2.7. Dependence of potential energy on dynamical deformations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252.3. Classification of nuclear reactions, experimental procedures, cross sections and kinematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273. Elastic scattering of nucleons and heavy ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343.1. Scattering in a Coulomb field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343.2. Elastic scattering of protons and neutrons. Optical model . . . 373.3. Elastic scattering of light ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433.4. Applicability of classical mechanics and trajectory analyses . . 453.5. Nuclear rainbow and diffraction scattering . . . . . . . . . . . . 493.6. Elastic scattering of heavy ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564. Quasi-elastic scattering of heavy ions and few-nucleon transfer reactions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584.1. Direct process of light-particle transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 594.2. Distorted-wave description of direct reactions . . . . . . . . . . 614.3. Single-particle states and cluster states, spectroscopic factors . 624.4. Inelastic excitation of vibrational and rotational states . . . . . 654.5. Quasi-elastic scattering of heavy ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684.6. Reactions of few-nucleon transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745. Deep-inelastic scattering of nuclei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 785.1. Experimental systematics of deep-inelastic scattering and quasifission. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 795.2. Potential energy of heavy nuclear systems, diabatic and adiabatic driving potentials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 855.2.1. Nucleon transfer and driving potentials . . . . . . . . . 855.2.2. Macro-microscopic model and the adiabatic potential energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 865.3. Transport equations for deep-inelastic nuclear collisions: Frictional forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915.4. Calculation of deep-inelastic cross sections . . . . . . . . . . . 965.5. Analysis of deep-inelastic scattering and quasi-fission . . . . . . 995.6. Multi-nucleon transfer reactions. Synthesis of heavy neutronrich nuclei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1046. Fusion of atomic nuclei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1136.1. Detecting fission fragments and evaporation residues from the compound nucleus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1146.2. Statistical model for the decay of an excited nucleus . . . . . . 1166.3. Fusion at above-barrier energies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1256.4. Sub-barrier fusion. Hill–Wheeler formula . . . . . . . . . . . . 1276.5. Coupled channels. Empirical and quantum description of fusion 1296.6. Barrier distribution function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1346.7. Neutron transfer in the process of sub-barrier fusion . . . . . . 1356.8. Synthesis of superheavy elements in fusion reactions . . . . . . 1426.9. Radiative capture of light nuclei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
£52.24
Springer Nature Switzerland AG Nuclear Power Explained
Book SynopsisFrom World War II to the present day, nuclear power has remained a controversial topic in the public eye. In the wake of ongoing debates about energy and the environment, policymakers and laypeople alike are once more asking the questions posed by countless others over the decades: What actually happens in a nuclear power plant? Can we truly trust nuclear energy to be safe and reliable? Where does all that radiation and waste go? This book explains everything you would want to know about nuclear power in a compelling and accessible way. Split into three parts, it walks readers through the basics of nuclear physics and radioactivity; the history of nuclear power usage, including the most important events and disasters; the science and engineering behind nuclear power plants; the politics and policies of various nations; and finally, the long-term societal impact of such technology, from uranium mining and proliferation to final disposal. Featured along the way are dozens of behind-the-scenes, full-color images of nuclear facilities. Written in a nontechnical style with minimal equations, this book will appeal to lay readers, policymakers and professionals looking to acquire a well-rounded view about this complex subject.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Reactors, bombs and visions: a brief history of the nuclear age.- Chapter 2. Nuclear physics and its applications.- Chapter 3. Radioactivity – the physics and biology.- Chapter 4. Types of radioactive substances.- Chapter 5. How to operate a nuclear reactor.- Chapter 6. Reactor types and safety.- Chapter 7. Economic, ecological and political aspects of nuclear energy.- Chapter 8. Uranium mining.- Chapter 9. Proliferation.- Chapter 10. Radioactive incidents and disasters.- Chapter 11. Disposal.
£999.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG From Quantum Mechanics to Force Fields: A Topical Collection from Theoretical Chemistry Accounts
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£80.99
Springer Brillouin-Wigner Methods for Many-Body Systems
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£161.99
Springer X-Ray Lasers 2010: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on X-Ray Lasers, 30 May - 4 June 2010, Gwangju, Korea
Book SynopsisThis book provides a thorough account of the current status of achievements made in the area of soft X-Ray laser source development and of the increasingly diverse applications being demonstrated using such radiation sources. There is significant effort worldwide to develop very bright, short duration radiation sources in the X-Ray spectral region – driven by the multitude of potential applications in all branches of science. This book contains updates on several different approaches for comparative purposes but concentrates on developments in the area of laser-produced plasmas, whereby transient population inversion and gain between ion states is pumped by optical lasers interacting with pre-formed plasmas. Topics covered will include Laser-driven XRLs, Collisional XRLs, Recombination XRLs, Transient Inversion Collisional XRLs, Optical Field Ionization XRLs, Alternative XRL, pumping schemes Theory and simulations of XRL gain media and beam properties High order harmonic sources of XUV radiation, Free-electron lasers and other accelerator based X-Ray sources, X-Ray Laser drives, X-Ray optics and instrumentation Spectroscopy, and other diagnostics of laser media Applications of XRLs.Table of ContentsPart 1: X-Ray Laser SystemsRecent results and future plans for XRLs using the TARANIS laser facilityC.L.S. Lewis et alSource development and novel applications of laser-driven plasma x-ray lasers in JAEAT. Kawachi et alTheoretical study of Ni-like Ta XRL driven by One 2? pulse with duration of 100 ps on upgraded ShenguangII facilityZ. Guoping, Q. Xiumei, Z. WudiX-ray laser developments at PHELIX B. Zielbauer et alLASERIX : an open facility for developments of EUV and soft X-ray lasers and applicationsD. Ros et alUsing the X-FEL as a source to investigate photo-pumped X-ray lasers J. Nilsen and H. A. ScottPart 2: Repetitive X-Ray LasersDemonstration of an all-diode-pumped soft X-ray laser and other advances in table-top soft X-ray lasers J. J. Rocca et alSaturated XUV lasing down to 8.85 nm using the grazing-incidence schemeJ.E. Balmer, C. Imesch, and F. Staub Double-pulse single-beam grazing-incidence pumping (DGRIP)D. Zimmer et alDevelopment and application of plasma-waveguide based soft x-ray lasersJiunn-Yuan. Lin et alDevelopment of silver tape target system for high repetition X-ray laserMasaharu Nishikino et alPart 3: X-Ray Laser Amplifiers – Seeding Temporal coherence and spectral width of seeded and ASE XUV lasersA. Klisnick et alWave perspective on high harmonics amplification in a high-gain medium with level degeneracyC. M. Kim, K. A. Janulewicz, and J. LeeLaser driven parametric amplification in the xuv and soft-x-ray spectral rangeJ. Seres et alCharacterization of a seeded optical-field ionized collisional soft x-ray laser S. Sebban et alOptimization of soft x-ray amplifiers by tailoring plasmahydrodynamicsE. Oliva et alMeasurement of the temporal coherence of a seeded GRIP transient Mo soft X-ray laser L.M. Meng et alPart 4: Sources Based on Relativistic InteractionExtreme field limits in the ultra-relativistic interaction of electromagnetic waves with plasmasS. V. Bulanov et alGeneration of coherent X-ray radiation with relativistic nonlinear processesY. Kato et alPart 5: High-harmonicsGeneration of ultrashort attosecond high-harmonic pulses from chirp-compensated Ne harmonicsDong Hyuk Ko et alAn intense kHz and aberration-free two-color high harmonic source for seeding FEL and XRLG. Lambert et alTuning of high-order harmonics for soft x-ray laser seedingBoris Ecker et alGeneration of small band width coherent extreme ultraviolet radiation and its applicationL.V. Dao, S. Teichmann, K.B. Dinh, and P. Hannaford Highly directive high harmonic generation from solid target plasma for biomedical and medicine applicationsH. Kuroda et alHigh harmonic generation by using laser-ablation two-compounds target schemeM. Suzuki, M. Baba, R. A. Ganeev, and H. KurodaPart 6: Incoherent Short-Wavelength SourcesEUV-induced surface modification of polymersA. Bartnik et alStudy on fundamental processes of laser welded metals observed with intense x-ray beamsT. Muramatsu et alXUV radiation emitted by capillary pinching dischargeM. Vrbova et alEUV radiation of pulse high-current proximity-wall-stabilized dischargesK. Kolacek et alPart 7: X-Ray Laser ApplicationsProbing high energy density plasmas with EUV and X-ray lasersG J Tallents et alMeasuring the electron density gradients of dense plasmas by X-ray laser deflectometryJ. Nejdl, M. Kozlová, T. Mocek, and B. RusLaser-matter interaction studies using X-ray laser and double Lloyd’s mirror interferometerM. Kozlova et alApplication of laser plasma x-ray beam in radiation biologyMasaharu Nishikino et alEnergy spectra of photo- and Auger electrons generated by a soft x ray laser and Xe cluster interactionS. Namba et alObservation of phase transition dynamics in BaTiO3 by X-ray laser speckle techniqueK. Namikawa et alSingle-shot nanometer-scale Fourier transform hologram using Ni-like Ag X-ray LaserH. T. Kim et alTheory and computations towards coherent reflection imaging of tilted objectsI. A. Artyukov et alHighly efficient soft X-ray microscope using PMMA phase-reversal zone plateKyoung Hwan Lee et alSingle-photon ionization soft-X-ray laser mass spectrometry of potential hydrogen storage materialsF. Dong , E.R. Bernstein and J.J. RoccaDevelopment of the x-ray interferometer and the method of spatial and temporal synchronization of XRL and optical pulseN. Hasegawa et al
£161.99
Springer Verlag, Singapore Manipulation of Matrix-Isolated Molecules and Molecular Clusters with Electrostatic Fields
Book SynopsisThis book describes the manipulation of molecular properties, such as orientation, structure, and dynamics, of small molecules and molecular clusters isolated in cold inert matrices by using unprecedentedly strong external electrostatic fields. Manipulation of molecules with controllable external forces is a dream of chemists. Molecules are inherently quantum-mechanical systems, control of which potentially can lead to quantum technology, such as quantum sensing and computing. This book demonstrates a combination of the ice film nanocapacitor method and the matrix isolation technique enabled the application of intense external dc electric fields across the isolated molecules and molecular clusters. Changes in molecular states induced by fields were monitored by means of vibrational spectroscopy. Also, the book presents manipulations of the inversion tunneling dynamics of ammonia molecule and the dislocation of acidic proton in hydrogen chloride–water complex. The book shows that the vibrational spectroscopy with the aid of unprecedentedly strong dc electric field can provide rich information on the electrostatic behaviors of molecules and molecular clusters, which underlie the understanding of intermolecular processes and molecular manipulation.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction 1.1. Manipulation of Molecules with External Fields 1.2. Manipulation of Molecules with Homogeneous Electrostatic Fields 1.3. Approach and Contents of This Dissertation References Chapter 2. Method 2.1. A Combined Technique of Ice Film Nanocapacitor and Matrix Isolation 2.2. Reflection–Absorption Infrared Spectroscopy of Matrix-Isolated Molecules under the Influence of External Fields 2.3. Instruments References Chapter 3. Electric Field-Control of Inversion Dynamics of Ammonia in an Argon Matrix Abstract 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Experimental Details 3.3. Results and Discussion 3.4. Conclusion References Chapter 4. Spectroscopic Evidence of Large Protonic Polarizability of Hydrogen Chloride–Water Complexes Abstract Main Text References Supporting Information Chapter 5. Summary
£40.49
World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd Lie Groups And Lie Algebras For Physicists
Book SynopsisThe book is intended for graduate students of theoretical physics (with a background in quantum mechanics) as well as researchers interested in applications of Lie group theory and Lie algebras in physics. The emphasis is on the inter-relations of representation theories of Lie groups and the corresponding Lie algebras.
£38.00
University of California Press Lise Meitner
Book SynopsisLise Meitner (1878-1968) was a pioneer of nuclear physics and co-discoverer, with Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann, of nuclear fission. This book tells the story of this brilliant woman whose extraordinary life illustrates not only the dramatic scientific progress but also the injustice and destruction that have marked the twentieth century.Trade Review"Sime has produced a magnificent biography that should help rescue Meitner from oblivion. . . . The story, especially in the lead-up to the discovery of fission by Hahn, Meitner, and Strassman, is absolutely gripping, full of twists and false dawns." * New Scientist *"The characters include the whole pantheon of European physicists. The several story lines of Meitner's life are carefully and smoothly interwoven, and once the war starts, the plot becomes breathtaking. . . . Meitner's story is moving, and the book is clearly a labor of love. Such labors are worth attending." * New York Times *"Sime has produced a thorough and intelligent treatment of an extraordinary scientist who received little of the credit she is due." * Library Journal *"An extraordinary and rewarding read. Sime has written the definitive biography of Lise Meitner and much more." * Physics and Society *"Sime provides an insider's account of the discovery of fission and the treatment of Jewish intellectuals and scientists during the rise of Nazi Germany. Her insights into the distortion of reality and memory help to explain why this extremely talented and significant contributor to atomic physics has been neglected." * CHOICE *"The story told by Sime is a powerful one. She not only explains how scientists went about their work in Germany during the first half of the twentieth century but how they came to grips with the tragedies of those years." * American Historical Review *"Sime is to be applauded for bringing to life the story of a brilliant physicist whose contributions to science and personal integrity were unparalleled." * San Francisco Chronicle *"Sime has infused the writing with a passion that is both refreshing and exhilarating. This is a book that deserves to be widely read and deliberated. Its significance exceeds the boundaries of the history of nuclear physics and chemistry." * Bulletin of the Atomic Sciences *"A moving, artfully detailed biography that should reestablish Lise Meitner among the greats. Sime maintains that elusive balance between scientific exposition, personal insight and political and cultural analysis that good scientific biographers strive for but seldom attain." * The Sciences *"Sime has written the definitive scientific biography of Meiter, a riveting and masterful account of a scientist's steadfast devotion to physics. Sime blends the science and history with seamless ease. Sime's extensive research offers fresh insights into the devastating legacy of Nazism's distortion of the scientific truth." * Washington Post *"Sime has constructed here an admirable restorative of scientific credit." * Booklist *
£27.90
Springer International Publishing AG ITER: The Giant Fusion Reactor: Bringing a Sun to
Book SynopsisThis book provides for the first time an insider’s view into ITER, the biggest fusion reactor in the world, which is currently being constructed in southern France. Now in its second edition, it updates readers on all developments at ITER and those at competing fusion initiatives worldwide, at the National Ignition Facility (US), the Joint European Torus (EU) and the tens of start-ups funded by private ventures. The author also shares his personal experience with this unique big science project.Aimed at bringing the “energy of the stars” to earth, ITER is funded by the major economic powers (China, the EU, India, Japan, Korea, Russia and the USA). Often presented as a “nuclear but green” energy source, fusion could play an important role in the future electricity supply. But as delays accumulate and budgets continue to grow, ITER is currently a star partially obscured by clouds. Will ITER save humanity by providing a clean, safe and limitless source of energy, or is it merely a political showcase of cutting-edge technology? Is ITER merely an ambitious research project and partly a PR initiative driven by some politically connected scientists? In any case, ITER has already helped spur on rival projects in the USA, Canada and the UK. This book offers readers a behind-the-scenes look at this controversial project, which France snatched from Japan, and introduces them to a world of superlatives: with the largest magnets in the world, the biggest cryogenic plant and tremendous computing power, ITER is one of the most fascinating, and most international, scientific and technological endeavours of our time.Table of Contents
£24.99
Clarendon Press Statistical Data Analysis
Book SynopsisThis book is a guide to the practical application of statistics in data analysis as typically encountered in the physical sciences. It is primarily addressed at students and professionals who need to draw quantitative conclusions from experimental data. Although most of the examples are taken from particle physics, the material is presented in a sufficiently general way as to be useful to people from most branches of the physical sciences. The first part of the book describes the basic tools of data analysis: concepts of probability and random variables, Monte Carlo techniques, statistical tests, and methods of parameter estimation. The last three chapters are somewhat more specialized than those preceding, covering interval estimation, characteristic functions, and the problem of correcting distributions for the effects of measurement errors (unfolding).Trade Review"Glen Cowan is a particle physicist who seems to have got everything right. Results are stated clearly, without mathematical proof but with enough explanation to satisfy the physicist's need to understand not only how, but also why...Those teaching an advanced undergraduate or graduate course in statistics or physicists will find this a good textbook...Do not be fooled by the fact that it does not have the "textbook look" - the exercises have been made available separately on a Web site. " CERN Courier"The material presented in this book is dense.In less than two hundred pages, it takes the reader from the basic notions of probability, through neural networks, Monte Carlo methods, and regularization techniques." Short Book ReviewsTable of ContentsPreface ; Notation ; 1. Fundamental Concepts ; 2. Examples of Probability Functions ; 3. The Monte Carlo Method ; 4. Statistical Tests ; 5. General Concepts of Parameter Estimation ; 6. The Method of Maximum Likelihood ; 7. The Method of Least Squares ; 8. The Method of Moments ; 9. Statistical Errors, Confidence Intervals and Limits ; 10. Characteristic Functions and Related Examples ; 11. Unfolding ; Bibliography ; Index
£43.22
University Science Books A Standard Model Workbook
Book Synopsis
£76.10
Simon & Schuster Midnight in Chernobyl
Book SynopsisA New York Times Best Book of the Year A Time Best Book of the Year A Kirkus Reviews Best Nonfiction Book of the Year 2020 Andrew Carnegie Medals for Excellence Winner From journalist Adam Higginbotham, the New York Times bestselling “account that reads almost like the script for a movie” (The Wall Street Journal)—a powerful investigation into Chernobyl and how propaganda, secrecy, and myth have obscured the true story of one of the history’s worst nuclear disasters.Early in the morning of April 26, 1986, Reactor Number Four of the Chernobyl Atomic Energy Station exploded, triggering one of the twentieth century’s greatest disasters. In the thirty years since then, Chernobyl has become lodged in the collective nightmares of the world: shorthand for the spectral horrors of radiation poisoning, for a dangerous technology slipping its leash, for ecological
£17.84
Kluwer Academic Publishers Group Current Trends in International Fusion Research
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£999.99
John Wiley & Sons Inc Nuclear and Particle Physics
Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPreface xi Notes xiii 1 Basic concepts 1 1.1 History 1 1.1.1 The origins of nuclear physics 1 1.1.2 The emergence of particle physics: hadrons and quarks 6 1.1.3 The standard model of particle physics 9 1.2 Relativity and antiparticles 11 1.3 Space-time symmetries and conservation laws 13 1.3.1 Parity 14 1.3.2 Charge conjugation 16 1.3.3 Time reversal 17 1.4 Interactions and Feynman diagrams 20 1.4.1 Interactions 20 1.4.2 Feynman diagrams 21 1.5 Particle exchange: forces and potentials 24 1.5.1 Range of forces 24 1.5.2 The Yukawa potential 25 1.6 Observable quantities: cross-sections and decay rates 26 1.6.1 Amplitudes 27 1.6.2 Cross-sections 29 1.6.3 The basic scattering formulas 31 1.6.4 Unstable states 33 1.7 Units 36 Problems 1 37 2 Nuclear phenomenology 41 2.1 Mass spectroscopy 43 2.1.1 Deflection spectrometers 43 2.1.2 Kinematic analysis 45 2.1.3 Penning trap measurements 46 2.2 Nuclear shapes and sizes 51 2.2.1 Charge distribution 52 2.2.2 Matter distribution 56 2.3 Semi-empirical mass formula: the liquid drop model 59 2.3.1 Binding energies 59 2.3.2 Semi-empirical mass formula 60 2.4 Nuclear instability 64 2.5 Decay chains 67 2.6 β decay phenomenology 69 2.6.1 Odd-mass nuclei 70 2.6.2 Even-mass nuclei 71 2.7 Fission 72 2.8 γ decays 76 2.9 Nuclear reactions 76 Problems 2 81 3 Particle phenomenology 83 3.1 Leptons 83 3.1.1 Lepton multiplets and lepton numbers 83 3.1.2 Universal lepton interactions; the number of neutrinos 86 3.1.3 Neutrinos 88 3.1.4 Neutrino mixing and oscillations 90 3.1.5 Oscillation experiments 93 3.1.6 Neutrino masses and mixing angles 101 3.1.7 Lepton numbers revisited 103 3.2 Quarks 104 3.2.1 Evidence for quarks 104 3.2.2 Quark generations and quark numbers 106 3.3 Hadrons 109 3.3.1 Flavour independence and charge multiplets 109 3.3.2 The simple quark model 113 3.3.3 Hadron decays and lifetimes 117 3.3.4 Hadron magnetic moments and masses 119 3.3.5 Heavy quarkonia 126 3.3.6 Allowed and exotic quantum numbers 133 Problems 3 135 4 Experimental methods 139 4.1 Overview 139 4.2 Accelerators and beams 142 4.2.1 DC accelerators 142 4.2.2 AC accelerators 143 4.2.3 Neutral and unstable particle beams 150 4.3 Particle interactions with matter 152 4.3.1 Short-range interactions with nuclei 153 4.3.2 Ionisation energy losses 154 4.3.3 Radiation energy losses 157 4.3.4 Interactions of photons in matter 158 4.3.5 Ranges and interaction lengths 159 4.4 Particle detectors 160 4.4.1 Gaseous ionisation detectors 162 4.4.2 Scintillation counters 167 4.4.3 Semiconductor detectors 169 4.4.4 Cerenkov counters and transition radiation 170 4.4.5 Calorimeters 173 4.5 Detector Systems 176 Problems 4 182 5 Quark dynamics: the strong interaction 185 5.1 Colour 185 5.2 Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) 187 5.2.1 The strong coupling constant 190 5.2.2 Screening, antiscreening and asymptotic freedom 193 5.3 New forms of matter 194 5.3.1 Exotic hadrons 194 5.3.2 The quark–gluon plasma 201 5.4 Jets and gluons 204 5.4.1 Colour counting 205 5.5 Deep inelastic scattering and nucleon structure 207 5.5.1 Scaling 207 5.5.2 The quark-parton model 210 5.5.3 Scaling violations and parton distributions 211 5.5.4 Inelastic neutrino scattering 215 5.6 Other processes 217 5.6.1 Jets 219 5.6.2 Lepton pair production 221 5.7 Current and constituent quarks 224 Problems 5 226 6 Weak interactions and electroweak unification 229 6.1 Charged and neutral currents 229 6.2 Charged current reactions 231 6.2.1 W±-lepton interactions 232 6.2.2 Lepton–quark symmetry and mixing 234 6.2.3 W-boson decays 238 6.2.4 Charged current selection rules 239 6.3 The third generation 242 6.3.1 More quark mixing 243 6.3.2 Properties of the top quark 246 6.4 Neutral currents and the unified theory 247 6.4.1 Electroweak unification 247 6.4.2 The Z0 vertices and electroweak reactions 250 6.5 Gauge invariance and the Higgs boson 252 6.5.1 Unification and the gauge principle 253 6.5.2 Particle masses and the Higgs field 255 6.5.3 Properties of the Higgs boson 257 6.5.4 Discovery of the Higgs boson 259 Problems 6 266 7 Symmetry breaking in the weak interaction 271 7.1 P violation, C violation, and CP conservation 271 7.1.1 Muon decay symmetries 273 7.1.2 Parity violation in electroweak processes 275 7.2 Spin structure of the weak interactions 277 7.2.1 Left-handed neutrinos and right-handed antineutrinos 277 7.2.2 Particles with mass: chirality 279 7.3 Neutral kaons: particle–antiparticle mixing and CP violation 281 7.3.1 CP invariance and neutral kaons 281 7.3.2 CP violation in K0L decay 283 7.3.3 Flavour oscillations and CPT invariance 285 7.4 CP violation and flavour oscillations in B decays 289 7.4.1 Direct CP violation in decay rates 290 7.4.2 B0 − B0 mixing 291 7.4.3 CP violation in interference 295 7.5 CP violation in the standard model 299 Problems 7 302 8 Models and theories of nuclear physics 305 8.1 The nucleon–nucleon potential 305 8.2 Fermi gas model 308 8.3 Shell model 310 8.3.1 Shell structure of atoms 310 8.3.2 Nuclear shell structure and magic numbers 312 8.3.3 Spins, parities, and magnetic dipole moments 315 8.3.4 Excited states 318 8.4 Nonspherical nuclei 319 8.4.1 Electric quadrupole moments 319 8.4.2 Collective model 322 8.5 Summary of nuclear structure models 323 8.6 α decay 324 8.7 β decay 327 8.7.1 V − A theory 327 8.7.2 Electron and positron momentum distributions 329 8.7.3 Selection rules 330 8.7.4 Applications of Fermi theory 332 8.8 γ decay 337 8.8.1 Selection rules 337 8.8.2 Transition rates 339 Problems 8 340 9 Applications of nuclear and particle physics 343 9.1 Fission 343 9.1.1 Induced fission and chain reactions 344 9.1.2 Thermal fission reactors 348 9.1.3 Radioactive waste 352 9.1.4 Power from ADS systems 354 9.2 Fusion 357 9.2.1 Coulomb barrier 357 9.2.2 Fusion reaction rates 358 9.2.3 Nucleosynthesis and stellar evolution 361 9.2.4 Fusion reactors 366 9.3 Nuclear weapons 371 9.3.1 Fission devices 371 9.3.2 Fission/fusion devices 374 9.4 Biomedical applications 377 9.4.1 Radiation and living matter 377 9.4.2 Radiation therapy 380 9.4.3 Medical imaging using ionising radiation 385 9.4.4 Magnetic resonance imaging 390 9.5 Further applications 395 9.5.1 Computing and data analysis 395 9.5.2 Archaeology and geophysics 396 9.5.3 Accelerators and detectors 397 9.5.4 Industrial applications 398 Problems 9 398 10 Some outstanding questions and future prospects 401 10.1 Overview 401 10.2 Hadrons and nuclei 402 10.2.1 Hadron structure and the nuclear environment 402 10.2.2 Nuclear structure 405 10.3 Unification schemes 407 10.3.1 Grand unification 407 10.3.2 Supersymmetry 412 10.3.3 Strings and things 417 10.4 The nature of the neutrino 418 10.4.1 Neutrinoless double beta decay 420 10.5 Particle astrophysics 426 10.5.1 Neutrino astrophysics 427 10.5.2 Cosmology and dark matter 432 10.5.3 Matter–antimatter asymmetry 438 10.5.4 Axions and the strong CP problem 441 A Some results in quantum mechanics 445 A.1 Barrier penetration 445 A.2 Density of states 447 A.3 Perturbation theory and the Second Golden Rule 449 A.4 Isospin formalism 452 A.4.1 Isospin operators and quark states 452 A.4.2 Hadron states 454 Problems A 456 B Relativistic kinematics 457 B.1 Lorentz transformations and four-vectors 457 B.2 Frames of reference 459 B.3 Invariants 461 Problems B 463 C Rutherford scattering 465 C.1 Classical physics 465 C.2 Quantum mechanics 467 Problems C 469 D Gauge theories 471 D.1 Gauge invariance and the standard model 471 D.1.1 Electromagnetism and the gauge principle 471 D.1.2 The standard model 474 D.2 Particle masses and the Higgs field 478 Problems D 481 E Short answers to selected problems 483 References 487 Index 491 Inside Rear Cover: Table of constants and conversion factors
£54.10
Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Nuclear Physics of Stars
Book SynopsisMost elements are synthesized, or "cooked", by thermonuclear reactions in stars. The newly formed elements are released into the interstellar medium during a star's lifetime, and are subsequently incorporated into a new generation of stars, into the planets that form around the stars, and into the life forms that originate on the planets. Moreover, the energy we depend on for life originates from nuclear reactions that occur at the center of the Sun. Synthesis of the elements and nuclear energy production in stars are the topics of nuclear astrophysics, which is the subject of this book. It presents nuclear structure and reactions, thermonuclear reaction rates, experimental nuclear methods, and nucleosynthesis in detail. These topics are discussed in a coherent way, enabling the reader to grasp their interconnections intuitively. The book serves both as a textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, with worked examples and end-of-chapter excercises, but also as a reference book for use by researchers working in the field of nuclear astrophysics.Table of ContentsPreface to the Second Edition xii Preface to the First Edition xiii 1 Aspects of Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics 1 1.1 History 1 1.2 Nomenclature 2 1.3 Solar System Abundances 4 1.4 Astrophysical Aspects 7 1.4.1 General Considerations 7 1.4.2 Hertzsprung–Russell Diagram 9 1.4.3 Stellar Evolution of Single Stars 11 1.4.4 Binary Stars 26 1.5 Masses, Binding Energies, Nuclear Reactions, and Related Topics 33 1.5.1 Nuclear Mass and Binding Energy 33 1.5.2 Energetics of Nuclear Reactions 35 1.5.3 Atomic Mass and Mass Excess 37 1.5.4 Number Abundance, Mass Fraction, and Mole Fraction 40 1.5.5 Decay Constant, Mean Lifetime, and Half-Life 41 1.6 Nuclear Shell Model 42 1.6.1 Closed Shells and Magic Numbers 43 1.6.2 Nuclear Structure and Nucleon Configuration 46 1.7 Nuclear Excited States and Electromagnetic Transitions 48 1.7.1 Energy, Angular Momentum, and Parity 48 1.7.2 Transition Probabilities 49 1.7.3 Branching Ratio and Mixing Ratio 52 1.7.4 γ-Ray Transitions in a Stellar Plasma 53 1.7.5 Isomeric States and the Case of 26 Al 54 1.8 Weak Interaction 57 1.8.1 Weak Interaction Processes 58 1.8.2 Energetics 59 1.8.3 β-Decay Probabilities 61 1.8.4 β-Decays in a Stellar Plasma 66 Problems 71 2 Nuclear Reactions 73 2.1 Cross Sections 73 2.2 Reciprocity Theorem 75 2.3 Elastic Scattering and Method of Partial Waves 77 2.3.1 General Aspects 77 2.3.2 Relationship Between Differential Cross Section and Scattering Amplitude 79 2.3.3 The Free Particle 79 2.3.4 Turning the Potential On 81 2.3.5 Scattering Amplitude and Elastic Scattering Cross Section 82 2.3.6 Reaction Cross Section 83 2.4 Scattering by Simple Potentials 86 2.4.1 Square-Well Potential 86 2.4.2 Square-Barrier Potential 93 2.4.3 Transmission Through the Coulomb Barrier 100 2.5 Theory of Resonances 103 2.5.1 General Aspects 103 2.5.2 Logarithmic Derivative, Phase Shift, and Cross Section 105 2.5.3 Breit–Wigner Formulas 108 2.5.4 Extension to Charged Particles and Arbitrary Values of Orbital Angular Momentum 112 2.5.5 R-Matrix Theory 117 2.5.6 Experimental Tests of the One-Level Breit–Wigner Formula 120 2.5.7 Partial and Reduced Widths 124 2.6 Continuum Theory 131 2.7 Hauser–Feshbach Theory 133 Problems 137 3 Thermonuclear Reactions 139 3.1 Cross Sections and Reaction Rates 139 3.1.1 Particle-Induced Reactions 139 3.1.2 Photon-Induced Reactions 142 3.1.3 Abundance Evolution 144 3.1.4 Forward and Reverse Reactions 147 3.1.5 Reaction Rates at Elevated Temperatures 150 3.1.6 Reaction Rate Equilibria 156 3.1.7 Nuclear Energy Generation 161 3.2 Nonresonant and Resonant Thermonuclear Reaction Rates 162 3.2.1 Nonresonant Reaction Rates for Charged-Particle-Induced Reactions 163 3.2.2 Nonresonant Reaction Rates for Neutron-Induced Reactions 177 3.2.3 Nonresonant Reaction Rates for Photon-Induced Reactions 180 3.2.4 Narrow-Resonance Reaction Rates 181 3.2.5 Broad-Resonance Reaction Rates 192 3.2.6 Electron Screening 197 3.2.7 Total Reaction Rates 201 Problems 205 4 Nuclear Physics Experiments 207 4.1 General Aspects 207 4.1.1 Charged-Particle Beams 208 4.1.2 Neutron Beams 210 4.2 Interaction of Radiation with Matter 212 4.2.1 Interactions of Heavy Charged Particles 213 4.2.1.1 Stopping Power 214 4.2.1.2 Compounds 220 4.2.1.3 Energy Straggling 221 4.2.2 Interactions of Photons 223 4.2.2.1 Photoelectric Effect 223 4.2.2.2 Compton Effect 225 4.2.2.3 Pair Production 227 4.2.2.4 Photon Attenuation 227 4.2.3 Interactions of Neutrons 230 4.3 Targets and Related Equipment 234 4.3.1 Backings 234 4.3.2 Target Preparation 235 4.3.2.1 Evaporated and Sputtered Targets 235 4.3.2.2 Implanted Targets 236 4.3.2.3 Gas Targets 237 4.3.2.4 Target Thickness and Stability 239 4.3.3 Contaminants 240 4.3.4 Target Chamber and Holder 241 4.4 Radiation Detectors 243 4.4.1 General Aspects 243 4.4.2 Semiconductor Detectors 246 4.4.2.1 Silicon Charged-Particle Detectors 248 4.4.2.2 Germanium Photon Detectors 249 4.4.3 Scintillation Detectors 250 4.4.3.1 Inorganic Scintillator Photon Detectors 252 4.4.3.2 Organic Scintillator Charged-Particle and Neutron Detectors 253 4.4.4 Proportional Counters 255 4.4.5 Microchannel Plate Detectors 256 4.5 Nuclear Spectroscopy 256 4.5.1 Charged-Particle Spectroscopy 257 4.5.1.1 Energy Calibrations 257 4.5.1.2 Efficiencies 258 4.5.1.3 Elastic Scattering Studies 259 4.5.1.4 Nuclear Reaction Studies 260 4.5.2 γ-Ray Spectroscopy 262 4.5.2.1 Response Function 262 4.5.2.2 Energy Calibrations 264 4.5.2.3 Efficiency Calibrations 266 4.5.2.4 Coincidence Summing 271 4.5.2.5 Sum Peak Method 275 4.5.2.6 γ-Ray Branching Ratios 276 4.5.2.7 4π Detection of γ-Rays 279 4.5.3 Neutron Spectroscopy 280 4.5.3.1 Response Function 281 4.5.3.2 Moderated Proportional Counters 282 4.5.3.3 Efficiency Calibrations 283 4.6 Miscellaneous Experimental Techniques 284 4.6.1 Radioactive Ion Beams 285 4.6.2 Activation Method 290 4.6.3 Time-of-Flight Technique 293 4.7 Background Radiation 295 4.7.1 General Aspects 296 4.7.2 Background in Charged-Particle Detector Spectra 298 4.7.3 Background in γ-Ray Detector Spectra 301 4.7.3.1 γγ-Coincidence Techniques 304 4.7.4 Background in Neutron Detector Spectra 309 4.8 Yields and Cross Sections for Charged-Particle-Induced Reactions 311 4.8.1 Nonresonant and Resonant Yields 312 4.8.1.1 Constant σ and ε Over Target Thickness 312 4.8.1.2 Moderately Varying σ and Constant ε Over Target Thickness 315 4.8.1.3 Breit–Wigner Resonance σ and Constant ε Over Resonance Width 316 4.8.2 General Treatment of Yield Curves 319 4.8.2.1 Target of Infinite Thickness 321 4.8.2.2 Target of Finite Thickness 321 4.8.3 Measured Yield Curves and Excitation Functions 325 4.8.4 Determination of Absolute Resonance Strengths and Cross Sections 328 4.8.4.1 Experimental Yields 329 4.8.4.2 Absolute Resonance Strengths and Cross Sections 329 4.8.4.3 Relative Resonance Strengths and Cross Sections 330 4.8.4.4 Determination of Resonance Strengths and Cross Sections Relative to Rutherford Scattering 333 4.9 Transmissions, Yields, and Cross Sections for Neutron-Induced Reactions 337 4.9.1 Resonance Transmission 338 4.9.2 Resonant and Nonresonant Yields 339 4.9.2.1 Constant σ Over Neutron Energy Distribution 340 4.9.2.2 Narrow Resonance with Γ ≪ ΔEn 340 4.9.3 Effective Cross Section 340 4.9.4 Measured Yields and Transmissions 341 4.9.5 Relative and Absolute Cross Sections 343 Problems 346 5 Nuclear Burning Stages and Processes 349 5.1 Hydrostatic Hydrogen Burning 353 5.1.1 pp Chains 353 5.1.2 CNO Cycles 369 5.1.3 Hydrostatic Hydrogen Burning Beyond the CNO Mass Region 383 5.2 Hydrostatic Helium Burning 389 5.2.1 Helium-Burning Reactions 391 5.2.2 Nucleosynthesis During Hydrostatic He Burning 397 5.2.3 Other Helium-Burning Reactions 399 5.3 Advanced Burning Stages 400 5.3.1 Carbon Burning 400 5.3.2 Neon Burning 407 5.3.3 Oxygen Burning 412 5.3.4 Silicon Burning 420 5.3.5 Nuclear Statistical Equilibrium 432 5.4 Explosive Burning in Core-Collapse Supernovae (Type II, Ib, Ic) 438 5.4.1 Core Collapse and the Role of Neutrinos 438 5.4.2 ν-and νp-Processes 441 5.4.3 Explosive Nucleosynthesis 443 5.4.4 Observations 451 5.5 Explosive Burning Involving Binary Stars 452 5.5.1 Explosive Burning in Thermonuclear Supernovae (Type Ia) 452 5.5.2 Explosive Hydrogen Burning and Classical Novae 460 5.5.3 Explosive Hydrogen-Helium Burning and Type I X-Ray Bursts 479 5.6 Nucleosynthesis Beyond the Iron Peak 501 5.6.1 The s-Process 505 5.6.2 The r-Process 522 5.6.3 The p-Process 542 5.7 Non-stellar Processes 553 5.7.1 Big Bang Nucleosynthesis 553 5.7.2 Cosmic-Ray Nucleosynthesis 559 5.8 Origin of the Nuclides 564 Problems 566 Appendix A Solutions of the Schrödinger Equation in Three Dimensions 569 A. 1 Zero Orbital Angular Momentum and Constant Potential 571 A. 2 Arbitrary Orbital Angular Momentum and Zero Potential 571 A. 3 Arbitrary Orbital Angular Momentum and Coulomb Potential 572 Appendix B Quantum Mechanical Selection Rules 573 Appendix C Kinematics 579 C.1 Relationship of Kinematic Quantities in the Laboratory Coordinate System 579 C.2 Transformation Between Laboratory and Center-of-Mass Coordinate System 583 Appendix D Angular Correlations 587 D. 1 General Aspects 588 D. 2 Pure Radiations in a Two-Step Process 591 D. 3 Mixed Radiations in a Two-Step Process 593 D. 4 Three-Step Process with Unobserved Intermediate Radiation 598 D. 5 Experimental Considerations 600 D. 6 Concluding Remarks 602 Appendix E Constants, Data, Units, and Notation 605 E. 1 Physical Constants and Data 605 E. 2 Mathematical Expressions 606 E. 3 Prefixes and Units 607 E. 4 Physical Quantities 608 Color Plates 613 References 627 Index 639
£999.99
Cambridge University Press Mass Dimension One Fermions
Book SynopsisIn 2005, Dharam Ahluwalia and Daniel Grumiller reported an unexpected theoretical discovery of mass dimension one fermions. These are an entirely new class of spin one half particles, and because of their mass dimensionality mismatch with the standard model fermions they are a first-principle dark matter candidate. Written by one of the physicists involved in the discovery, this is the first book to outline the discovery of mass dimension one fermions. Using a foundation of Lorentz algebra it provides a detailed construction of the eigenspinors of the charge conjugation operator (Elko) and their properties. The theory of dual spaces is then covered, before mass dimension one fermions are discussed in detail. With mass dimension one fermions having applications to cosmology and high energy physics, this book is essential for graduate students and researchers in quantum field theory, mathematical physics, and particle theory.Trade Review'This monograph presents several important concepts of quantum field theory in a different perspective and explores the consequences. If nothing else, it definitely contributes to reinforcing our understanding of current quantum field theory by separating out necessities from conventions in the formulation grounds of the theory. I am deeply convinced, however, that the additional elements presented in the book may serve a bigger purpose: the understanding of dark matter physics.' Julio Marny Hoff da Silva, Mathematical Reviews ClippingsTable of ContentsPreface; Acknowledgements; 1. Introduction; 2. A trinity of duplexities; 3. From elements of Lie symmetries to Lorentz algebra; 4. Representations of Lorentz Algebra; 5. Discrete symmetries: Part 1 (Parity); 6. Discrete symmetries: Part 2 (Charge conjugation); 7. Eigenspinors of charge conjugation operator, Elko; 8. Construction of Elko; 9. A hint for mass dimension one fermions; 10. CPT for Elko; 11. Elko in Shirokov-Trautman, Wigner, and Lounesto classifications; 12. Rotation induced effects on Elko; 13. Elko-Dirac interplay, a temptation and a departure; 14. An ab initio journey into duals; 15. Mass dimension one fermions; 16. Mass dimension one fermions as a first principle dark matter; 17. Continuing the story; Appendix: a brief survey of other Elko literature; References; Index.
£122.55
Cambridge University Press Asymptotic Diffraction Theory and Nuclear Scattering
Book SynopsisScattering theory provides a framework for understanding the scattering of waves and particles. This book presents a simple physical picture of diffractive nuclear scattering in terms of semi-classical trajectories, illustrated throughout with examples and case studies. Trajectories in a complex impact parameter plane are discussed, and it stresses the importance of the analytical properties of the phase shift function in this complex impact plane in the asymptotic limit. Several new rainbow phenomena are also discussed and illustrated. Written by Nobel Prize winner Roy J. Glauber, and Per Osland, an expert in the field of particle physics, the book illustrates the transition from quantum to classical scattering, and provides a valuable resource for researchers using scattering theory in nuclear, particle, atomic and molecular physics.Table of ContentsPreface; Acknowledgements; List of abbreviations; Part I. Introduction: 1. Overview and preview; 2. Diffraction theory; 3. Asymptotic diffraction theory; 4. Two simple examples; 5. Complex trajectories; 6. Scattering from linear structures; Part II. Various Radial Fall-Offs: 7. Gaussian edge; 8. Exponential edge; 9. Sharper edges; 10. Analytic variations; Part III. Composite Phase Functions: 11. Extended charges; 12. Coulomb plus nuclear interactions; 13. Smooth two-scale functions; 14. Two Fermi functions; 15. Different singularities; 16. Summary; Appendix A. Partial waves and phase shift function; Appendix B. Iteration for stationary points; References; Index.
£122.55
Cambridge University Press Magnetohydrodynamics of Laboratory and Astrophysical Plasmas
Book SynopsisWith ninety per cent of visible matter in the universe existing in the plasma state, an understanding of magnetohydrodynamics is essential for anyone looking to understand solar and astrophysical processes, from stars to accretion discs and galaxies; as well as laboratory applications focused on harnessing controlled fusion energy. This introduction to magnetohydrodynamics brings together the theory of plasma behavior with advanced topics including the applications of plasma physics to thermonuclear fusion and plasma- astrophysics. Topics covered include streaming and toroidal plasmas, nonlinear dynamics, modern computational techniques, incompressible plasma turbulence and extreme transonic and relativistic plasma flows. The numerical techniques needed to apply magnetohydrodynamics are explained, allowing the reader to move from theory to application and exploit the latest algorithmic advances. Bringing together two previous volumes: Principles of Magnetohydrodynamics and Advanced MagTable of ContentsPreface; Part I. Plasma Physics Preliminaries: 1. Introduction; 2. Elements of plasma physics; 3. 'Derivation' of the macroscopic equations; Part II. Basic Magnetohydrodynamics: 4. The MHD model; 5. Waves and characteristics; 6. Spectral theory; Part III. Standard Model Applications: 7. Waves and instabilities of inhomogeneous plasmas; 8. Magnetic structures and dynamics of the solar system; 9. Cylindrical plasmas; 10. Initial value problem and wave damping; 11. Resonant absorption and wave heating; Part IV. Flow and Dissipation: 12. Waves and instabilities of stationary plasmas; 13. Shear flow and rotation; 14. Resistive plasma dynamics; 15. Computational linear MHD; Part V. Toroidal Geometry: 16. Static equilibrium of toroidal plasmas; 17. Linear dynamics of static toroidal plasmas; 18. Linear dynamics of toroidal plasmas with flow; Part VI. Nonlinear Dynamics: 19. Turbulence in incompressible magneto-fluids; 20. Computational nonlinear MHD; 21. Transonic MHD flows and shocks; 22. Ideal MHD in special relativity; Appendices: A. Vectors and coordinates; B. Tables of physical quantities; References; Index.
£116.85
