Nanotechnology Books

Book SynopsisConnecting theory with real-life applications, this is the first ever textbook to equip students with a comprehensive knowledge of all the key concepts in bionanotechnology. By bridging the interdisciplinary gap from which bionanotechnology emerged, it provides a systematic introduction to the subject, accessible to students from a wide variety of backgrounds. Topics range from nanomaterial preparation, properties and biofunctionalisation, and analytical methods used in bionanotechnology, to bioinspired and DNA nanotechnology, and applications in biosensing, medicine and tissue engineering. Throughout the book, features such as ''Back to basics'' and ''Research report'' boxes enable students to build a strong theoretical knowledge and to link this to practical applications and up-to-date research. With over 200 detailed, full-colour illustrations and more than 100 end-of-chapter problems, this is an essential guide to bionanotechnology for any student studying this exciting, fast-develTrade Review'An excellent textbook for the interdisciplinary field of bionanotechnology. It is comprehensive and accessible to students from a wide variety of scientific backgrounds. The 'Back to Basics' boxes build a common knowledge base, while the 'Research Reports' boxes connect the fundamentals to current research.' Professor George Malliaras, University of Cambridge'Fruk and Krebs provide a well-written and readily accessible text on the emerging topic of Bionanotechnology, elegantly show-casing its trans-disciplinary nature and application impacts. The book's vibrant composition integrating worked examples and solutions fused with highlight applications in the form of research reports, makes it equally attractive for experienced researchers as well as newcomers to the field, including undergraduate students. The key concept sections only increase the well-rounded nature of the book, which is perhaps the most current up-date summary on the market. Mandatory reading - highly recommended.' Professor Christopher Barner-Kowollik, Queensland University of Technology'A really innovative feature of this textbook for advanced undergraduates or graduate students is the inclusion of numerous 'Research Reports' - synopses of recent research publications that quickly introduce both the potential of and the chemical underpinnings enabling the bionanotechnologies surveyed. The breadth of topics and principles covered, including the many 'Back to Basics' mini-introductions will make this a popular textbook for classes covering bionanotechnology in different departments, from chemistry and chemical engineering to materials science, physics, bioengineering and biomedical engineering.' Dr Aaron Lau, University of Strathclyde'When any new discipline surfaces, a new textbook is sure to appear, and this work addresses just such a void … This work, which brings several disciplines together, has much to offer as a teaching tool, and the effort is to be applauded. Though far from recreational reading, the volume offers an overview of the present state and future directions in applied nanobiology that is sure to be useful in the curriculum. A secondary use is as a reference work, and this is indeed a good one … Highly recommended.' F. W. Yow, Choice ConnectTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Introduction to bionanotechnology; 2. Nanomaterials: principles and properties; 3. Nanomaterials: classes and preparation strategies; 4. Biomolecules and scales of biological systems; 5. (Bio)functionalisation of nanomaterials; 6. Analytical methods in bionanotechnology; 7. DNA nanotechnology; 8. Bioinspired nanotechnology; 9. Nanomedicine: biotechnology in medicine; Index.

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Book SynopsisOffering a unified presentation of both metamaterials and metasurfaces, this book builds from basic nanophotonic principles towards cutting-edge original research. This advanced textbook will be invaluable to students and researchers working in the fields of optics and nanophotonics.Table of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Electromagnetic (optical) properties of materials; 3. Metamaterials; 4. Metasurfaces; 5. Photonic crystals; 6. Nanophotonic applications of photonic crystals; 7. Plasmonics; 8. Building blocks for all-optical signal processing: Metatronics; 9. Selected topics of optical sensing; 10. Nanostructures for enhancement of solar cells; 11. Nanostructures for enhancement of thermophotovoltaic systems; Index.

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Book SynopsisAn introduction to the ever-growing field of smart grid sensors, covering traditional and state-of-the-art smart grid sensor technologies, as well as data-driven and intelligent methods for innovative smart grid applications. Includes real-world examples, exercise questions, solutions, and sample data sets.Table of Contents1. Background; 2. Voltage and Current Measurements and Their Applications; 3. Phasor and Synchrophasor Measurements and Their Applications; 4. Waveform and Power Quality Measurements and Their Applications; 5. Power and Energy Measurements and Their Applications; 6. Probing and Its Applications; 7. Other Sensors and Off-Domain Measurements and Their Applications.

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Book SynopsisThe first book written on this important topic, Metal Chalcogenide Semiconductor Nanostructures and Their Applications in Renewable Energy provides an in-depth examination of the properties and synthesis of a class of nanomaterials essential to renewable energy manufacturing.Table of ContentsPreface xiii Part 1: Renewable Energy Conversion Systems 1 1 Introduction: An Overview of Metal Chalcogenide Nanostructures for Renewable Energy Applications 3 Ahsanulhaq Qurashi 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Metal Chalcogenide Nanostructures 7 1.3 Growth of Metal Chalcogenide Nanostructures 8 1.4 Applications of Metal Chalcogenide Nanostructures 16 1.5 Summary and Future Perspective 18 References 18 2 Renewable Energy and Materials 23 Muhammad Asif 2.1 Global Energy Scenario 23 2.2 Role of Renewable Energy in Sustainable Energy Future 25 2.3 Importance of Materials Role in Renewable Energy 27 References 30 3 Sustainable Feed Stock and Energy Futures 33 H. Idriss 3.1 Introduction 33 3.2 Discussion 34 References 41 Part 2: Synthesis of Metal Chalcogenide Nanostructures 43 4 Metal-Selenide Nanostructures: Growth and Properties 45 Ramin Yousefi 4.1 Introduction 45 4.2 Growth and Properties of Different Groups of Metal-Selenide Nanostructures 48 4.3 Metal Selenides from III?VI Semiconductors 57 4.4 Metal Selenides from IV?VI Semiconductors 61 4.5 Metal Selenides from V?VI Semiconductors 66 4.6 Metal Selenides from Transition Metal (TM) 69 4.7 Ternary Metal-Selenide Compounds 75 4.8 Summary and Future Outlook 78 Acknowledgment 79 References 79 5 Growth Mechanism and Surface Functionalization of Metal Chalcogenides Nanostructures 83 Muhammad Nawaz Tahir, Jugal Kishore Sahoo, Faegheh Hoshyargar, and Wolfgang Tremel 5.1 Introduction 84 5.2 Synthetic Methods for Layered Metal Chalcogenides 89 5.3 Surface Functionalization of Layered Metal Dichalcogenide Nanostructures 102 5.4 Applications of Inorganic Nanotubes and Fullerenes 110 References 113 6 Optical and Structural Properties of Metal Chalcogenide Semiconductor Nanostructures 123 Ihsan-ul-Haq Toor and Shafique Khan 6.1 Optical Properties of Metal Chalcogenides Semiconductor Nanostructures 124 6.2 Structural Properties and Defects of Metal Chalcogenide Semiconductor Nanostructures 133 References 142 7 Structural and Optical Properties of CdS Nanostructures 147 Y. Al-Douri, Abdulwahab S. Z. Lahewil, U. Hashim, and N. M. Ahmed 7.1 Introduction 147 7.2 Nanomaterials 150 7.3 II-VI Semiconductors 152 7.4 Sol-Gel Process 155 7.5 Structural and Surface Characterization of Nanostructured CdS 156 7.6 Optical Properties 159 7.7 Conclusion 161 Acknowledgments 162 References 162 Part 3: Applications of Metal Chalcogenides Nanostructures 165 8 Metal Sulfide Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Generation by Water Splitting under Illumination of Solar Light 167 Dr. Zhonghai Zhang 8.1 Introduction 167 8.2 Photocatalytic Water Splitting on Single Metal Sulfide 169 8.3 Photocatalytic Water Splitting on Multi-metal Sulfide 173 8.4 Metal Sulfides Solid-Solution Photocatalysts 180 8.5 Summary and Future Outlook 184 References 184 9 Metal Chalcogenide Hierarchical Nanostructures for Energy Conversion Devices 189 Ramin Yousefi, Farid Jamali-Sheini, and Ali Khorsand Zak 9.1 Introduction 190 9.2 Main Characteristics of Cd-Chalcogenide Nanocrystals (CdE; E = S, Se, Te) 192 9.3 Different Methods to Grow Cd-Chalcogenide Nanocrystals 192 9.4 Solar Energy Conversion 212 9.5 Cd-Chalcogenide Nanocrystals as Solar Energy Conversion 219 9.6 Summary and Future Outlook 230 References 230 10 Metal Chalcogenide Quantum Dots for Hybrid Solar Cell Applications 233 Mir Waqas Alam and Ahsanulhaq Qurashi 10.1 Introduction 233 10.2 Chemical Synthesis of Quantum Dots 235 10.3 Quantum Dots Solar cell 238 10.4 Summary and Future Prospects 243 References 243 11 Solar Cell Application of Metal Chalcogenide Semiconductor Nanostructures 247 Hongjun Wu 11.1 Introduction 247 11.2 Chalcogenide-Based Thin-Film Solar Cells 248 11.3 CdTe-Based Solar Cells 249 11.4 Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 (CIGS)-Based Solar Cells 251 11.5 Metal Chalcogenides-Based Quantum-Dots-Sensitized Solar Cells (QDSSCs) 253 11.6 Hybrid Metal Chalcogenides Nanostructure-Conductive Polymer Composite Solar Cells 257 11.7 Conclusions 261 References 262 12 Chalcogenide-Based Nanodevices for Renewable Energy 269 Y. Al-Douri 12.1 Introduction 269 12.2 Renewable Energy 272 12.3 Nanodevices 274 12.4 Density Functional Theory 277 12.5 Analytical Studies 278 12.6 Conclusion 284 Acknowledgments 285 References 285 13 Metal Tellurides Nanostructures for Thermoelectric Applications 289 Salman B. Inayat 13.1 Introduction 290 13.2 Thermoelectric Microdevice Fabricated by a MEMS-Like Electrochemical Process 290 13.3 Bi2Te3-Based Flexible Micro Thermoelectric Generator 292 13.4 High-Thermoelectric Performance of Nanostructured Bismuth Antimony Telluride Bulk Alloys 293 13.5 Nano-manufactured Thermoelectric Glass Windows for Energy Efficient Building Technologies 294 13.6 Conclusion 296 References 297

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Book SynopsisThe book highlights applications of hybrid materials in solar energy systems, lithium ion batteries, electromagnetic shielding, sensing of pollutants and water purification. A hybrid material is defined as a material composed of an intimate mixture of inorganic components, organic components, or both types of components. In the last few years, a tremendous amount of attention has been given towards the development of materials for efficient energy harvesting; nanostructured hybrid materials have also been gaining significant advances to provide pollutant free drinking water, sensing of environmental pollutants, energy storage and conservation. Separately, intensive work on high performing polymer nanocomposites for applications in the automotive, aerospace and construction industries has been carried out, but the aggregation of many fillers, such as clay, LDH, CNT, graphene, represented a major barrier in their development. Only very recently has this problem been overTable of ContentsPreface xiii 1 Hybrid Nanostructured Materials for Advanced Lithium Batteries 1Soumyadip Choudhury and Manfred Stamm 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Battery Requirements 4 1.3 Survey of Rechargeable Batteries 7 1.4 Advanced Materials for Electrodes 9 1.5 Future Battery Strategies 38 1.6 Limitations of Existing Strategies 59 1.7 Conclusions 62 Acknowledgments 63 References 63 2 High Performing Hybrid Nanomaterials for Supercapacitor Applications 79Sanjit Saha, Milan Jana and Tapas Kuila 2.1 Introduction 80 2.2 Scope of the Chapter 82 2.3 Characterization of Hybrid Nanomaterials 82 2.4 Hybrid Nanomaterials as Electrodes for Supercapacitor 91 2.5 Applications of Supercapacitor 130 2.6 Conclusions 134 References 135 3 Nanohybrid Materials in the Development of Solar Energy Applications 147Poulomi Roy 3.1 Introduction 147 3.2 Significance of Nanohybrid Materials 148 3.3 Synthetic Strategies 162 3.4 Application in Solar Energy Conversion 167 3.5 Summary 175 References 176 4 Hybrid Nanoadsorbents for Drinking Water Treatment: A Critical Review 199Ashok K. Gupta, Partha S. Ghosal and Brajesh K. Dubey 4.1 Introduction 199 4.2 Status and Health Effects of Different Pollutants 201 4.3 Removal Technologies 203 4.4 Hybrid Nanoadsorbent 208 4.5 Issues and Challenges 217 4.6 Conclusions 224 References 225 5 Advanced Nanostructured Materials in Electromagnetic Interference Shielding 241Suneel Kumar Srivastava and Vikas Mittal 5.1 Introduction 241 5.2 Theoretical Aspect of EMI Shielding 243 5.3 Experimental Methods in Measuring Shielding Effectiveness 247 5.4 Carbon Allotrope-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 248 Fillers-Based Polymer Nanocomposites 265 5.5 Intrinsically Conducting Polymer (ICP) Derived Nanocomposites 276 5.6 Summary 300 6 Preparation, Properties and the Application of Hybrid Nanomaterials in Sensing Environmental Pollutants 321R. Ajay Rakkesh, D. Durgalakshmi and S. Balakumar 6.1 Introduction 321 6.2 Hybrid Nanomaterials: Smart Material for Sensing Environmental Pollutants 323 6.3 Synthesis Methods of Hybrid Nanomaterials 326 6.4 Basic Mechanism of Gas Sensors Using Hybrid Nanomaterials 330 6.5 Hybrid Nanomaterials-Based Conductometric Gas Sensors for Environmental Monitoring 331 6.6 Conclusion 342 References 342 7 Development of Hybrid Fillers/Polymer Nanocomposites for Electronic Applications 349Mariatti Jaafar 7.1 Introduction 350 7.2 Factors Influencing the Properties of Filler/Polymer Composite 353 7.3 Hybridization of Fillers in Polymer Composites 355 7.4 Hybrid Fillers in Polymer Nanocomposites 358 7.5 Fabrication Methods of Hybrid Fillers/Polymer Composites 362 7.6 Applications of Hybrid Fillers/Polymer Composites 365 References 366 8 High Performance Hybrid Filler Reinforced Epoxy Nanocomposites 371Suman Chhetri, Tapas Kuila and Suneel Kumar Srivastava 8.1 Introduction 372 8.2 Reinforcing Fillers 373 8.3 Necessity of Hybrid Filler Systems 376 8.4 Epoxy Resin 379 8.5 Preparation of Hybrid Filler/Epoxy Nanocomposites 380 8.6 Characterization of Hybrid Filler/Epoxy Polymer Composites 381 8.7 Properties of the Hybrid Filler/Epoxy Nanocomposites 383 8.8 Summary and Future Prospect 408 References 413 9 Recent Developments in Elastomer/Hybrid Filler Nanocomposites 423Suneel Kumar Srivastava and Vikas Mittal 9.1 Introduction 423 9.2 Preparation Methods of Elastomer Nanocomposites 426 9.3 Hybrid Fillers in Elastomer Nanocomposites 427 9.4 Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Filler Incorporated Elastomer Nanocomposites 440 9.5 Dynamical Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMA) of Elastomer Nanocomposites 452 9.6 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) of Hybrid Filler Incorporated Elastomer Nanocomposites 464 9.7 Differential Scanning Calorimetric (DSC) Analysis of Hybrid Filler Incorporated Elastomer Nanocomposites 468 9.8 Electrical Conductivity of Hybrid Filler Incorporated Elastomer Nanocomposites 476 9.9 Thermal Conductivity of Hybrid Filler Incorporated Elastomer Nanocomposites 477 9.10 Dielectric Properties of Hybrid Filler Incorporated Elastomer Nanocomposits 477 9.11 Shape Memory Property of Hybrid Filler Incorporated Elastomer Nanocomposites 478 9.12 Summary 478 Acknowledgment 479 References 479

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Book SynopsisServes as a guide for seasoned researchers and students alike, who wish to learn about the cross-fertilization between biology and materials that is driving this emerging area of science This book covers the most relevant topics in basic research and those having potential technological applications for the field of biopolymer brushes. This area has experienced remarkable increase in development of practical applications in nanotechnology and biotechnology over the past decade. In view of the rapidly growing activity and interest in the field, this book covers the introductory features of polymer brushes and presents a unifying and stimulating overview of the theoretical aspects and emerging applications. It immerses readers in the historical perspective and the frontiers of research where our knowledge is increasing steadilyproviding them with a feeling of the enormous potential, the multiple applications, and the many up-and-coming trends behind the developmenTable of ContentsVolume 1 Preface xxi List of Contributors xxiii 1 Functionalization of Surfaces Using Polymer Brushes: An Overview of Techniques, Strategies, and Approaches 1Juan M. Giussi,M. Lorena Cortez,Waldemar A. Marmisoll´e, and Omar Azzaroni 1.1 Introduction: Fundamental Notions and Concepts 1 1.2 Preparation of Polymer Brushes on Solid Substrates 4 1.3 Preparation of Polymer Brushes by the “Grafting-To” Method 5 1.4 Polymer Brushes by the “Grafting-From” Method 9 1.4.1 Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization 9 1.4.2 Surface-Initiated Reversible-Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization 10 1.4.3 Surface-Initiated Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization 13 1.4.4 Surface-Initiated Photoiniferter-Mediated Polymerization 13 1.4.5 Surface-Initiated Living Ring-Opening Polymerization 15 1.4.6 Surface-Initiated Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization 17 1.4.7 Surface-Initiated Anionic Polymerization 18 1.5 Conclusions 20 Acknowledgments 21 References 21 2 Polymer Brushes by AtomTransfer Radical Polymerization 29Guojun Xie, Amir Khabibullin, Joanna Pietrasik, Jiajun Yan, and KrzysztofMatyjaszewski 2.1 Structure of Brushes 29 2.2 Synthesis of Polymer Brushes 31 2.2.1 Grafting through 31 2.2.2 Grafting to 32 2.2.3 Grafting from 32 2.3 ATRP Fundamentals 33 2.4 Molecular Bottlebrushes by ATRP 38 2.4.1 Introduction 38 2.4.2 Star-Like Brushes 40 2.4.3 Blockwise Brushes 42 2.4.4 Brushes with Tunable Grafting Density 45 2.4.5 Brushes with Block Copolymer Side Chains 46 2.4.6 Functionalities and Properties of Brushes 50 2.5 ATRP and Flat Surfaces 55 2.5.1 Chemistry at Surface 55 2.5.2 Grafting Density 55 2.5.3 Architecture 56 2.5.4 Applications 57 2.6 ATRP and Nanoparticles 58 2.6.1 Chemistry 58 2.6.2 Architecture 59 2.6.3 Applications 61 2.7 ATRP and Concave Surfaces 63 2.8 ATRP and Templates 63 2.8.1 Templates from Networks 63 2.8.2 Templates from Brushes 64 2.9 Templates from Stars 65 2.10 Bio-Related Polymer Brushes 66 2.11 Stimuli-Responsive Polymer Brushes 74 2.11.1 Stimuli-Responsive Solutions 76 2.11.2 Stimuli-Responsive Surfaces 78 2.12 Conclusion 79 Acknowledgments 80 References 80 3 Polymer Brushes by Surface-Mediated RAFT Polymerization for Biological Functions 97Tuncer Caykara 3.1 Introduction 97 3.2 Polymer Brushes via the Surface-Initiated RAFT Polymerization Process 99 3.3 Polymer Brushes via the Interface-Mediated RAFT Polymerization Process 101 3.3.1 pH-Responsive Brushes 102 3.3.2 Temperature-Responsive Brushes 106 3.3.3 Polymer Brushes on Gold Surface 110 3.3.4 Polymer Brushes on Nanoparticles 114 3.3.5 Micropatterned Polymer Brushes 115 3.4 Summary 117 References 119 4 Electro-Induced Copper-Catalyzed Surface Modification with Monolayer and Polymer Brush 123Bin Li and Feng Zhou 4.1 Introduction 123 4.2 “Electro-Click” Chemistry 124 4.3 Electrochemically Induced Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization 129 4.4 Possible Combination of eATRP and “e-Click” Chemistry on Surface 136 4.5 Surface Functionality 136 4.6 Summary 137 Acknowledgments 138 References 138 5 Polymer Brushes on Flat and Curved Substrates:What Can be Learned fromMolecular Dynamics Simulations 141K. Binder, S.A. Egorov, and A.Milchev 5.1 Introduction 141 5.2 Molecular Dynamics Methods: A Short “Primer” 144 5.3 The Standard Bead Spring Model for Polymer Chains 148 5.4 Cylindrical and Spherical Polymer Brushes 150 5.5 Interaction of Brushes with Free Chains 152 5.6 Summary 153 Acknowledgments 156 References 157 6 Modeling of Chemical Equilibria in Polymer and Polyelectrolyte Brushes 161Rikkert J. Nap,Mario Tagliazucchi, Estefania Gonzalez Solveyra, Chun-lai Ren, Mark J. Uline, and Igal Szleifer 6.1 Introduction 161 6.2 Theoretical Approach 163 6.3 Applications of the Molecular Theory 177 6.3.1 Acid–Base Equilibrium in Polyelectrolyte Brushes 178 6.3.1.1 Effect of Salt Concentration and pH 178 6.3.1.2 Effect of Polymer Density and Geometry 184 6.3.2 Competition between Chemical Equilibria and Physical Interactions 186 6.3.2.1 Brushes of Strong Polyelectrolytes 186 6.3.2.2 Brushes ofWeak Polyelectrolytes: Self-Assembly in Charge-Regulating Systems 189 6.3.2.3 Redox-Active Polyelectrolyte Brushes 193 6.3.3 End-Tethered Single Stranded DNA in Aqueous Solutions 195 6.3.4 Ligand–Receptor Binding and Protein Adsorption to Polymer Brushes 201 6.3.5 Adsorption Equilibrium of Polymer Chains through Terminal Segments: Grafting-to Formation of Polymer Brushes 207 6.4 Summary and Conclusion 212 Acknowledgments 216 References 216 7 Brushes of Linear and Dendritically Branched Polyelectrolytes 223E. B. Zhulina, F. A. M. Leermakers, and O. V. Borisov 7.1 Introduction 223 7.2 Analytical SCF Theory of Brushes Formed by Linear and Branched Polyions 224 7.2.1 Dendron Architecture and System Parameters 225 7.2.2 Analytical SCF Formalism 226 7.3 Planar Brush of PE Dendrons with an Arbitrary Architecture 229 7.3.1 Asymptotic Dependences for Brush Thickness H 231 7.4 Planar Brush of Star-Like Polyelectrolytes 232 7.5 Threshold of Dendron Gaussian Elasticity 234 7.6 Scaling-Type Diagrams of States for Brushes of Linear and Branched Polyions 235 7.7 Numerical SF-SCF Model of Dendron Brush 236 7.8 Conclusions 238 References 239 8 Vapor Swelling of Hydrophilic Polymer Brushes 243Casey J. Galvin and Jan Genzer 8.1 Introduction 243 8.2 Experimental 245 8.2.1 General Methods 245 8.2.2 Synthesis of Poly((2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) Brushes with a Gradient in Grafting Density 245 8.2.3 Synthesis of Poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) Brushes 245 8.2.4 Chemical Modification of Poly((2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) Brushes 246 8.2.5 Bulk Synthesis of PDMAEMA 246 8.2.6 Preparation of Spuncast PDMAEMA Films 246 8.2.7 Chemical Modification of Spuncast PDMAEMA Film 247 8.2.8 Spectroscopic EllipsometryMeasurements under Controlled Humidity Conditions 247 8.2.9 Spectroscopic EllipsometryMeasurements of Alcohol Exposure 247 8.2.10 Fitting Spectroscopic Ellipsometry Data 248 8.2.11 Infrared Variable Angle Spectroscopic Ellipsometry 248 8.3 Results and Discussion 248 8.3.1 Comparing Polymer Brush and Spuncast Polymer Film Swelling 250 8.3.2 Influence of Side Chain Chemistry on Polymer Brush Vapor Swelling 252 8.3.3 Influence of Solvent Vapor Chemistry on Polymer Brush Vapor Swelling 256 8.3.4 Influence of Grafting Density on Polymer Brush Vapor Swelling 259 8.4 Conclusion 262 8.A.1 Appendix 263 8.A.1.1 Mole Fraction Calculation 263 8.A.1.2 Water Cluster Number Calculation 264 Acknowledgments 265 References 265 9 Temperature Dependence of the Swelling and Surface Wettability of Dense Polymer Brushes 267Pengyu Zhuang, Ali Dirani, Karine Glinel, and AlainM. Jonas 9.1 Introduction 267 9.2 The Swelling Coefficient of a Polymer Brush Mirrors Its Volume Hydrophilicity 269 9.3 The Cosine of the Contact Angle ofWater on aWater-Equilibrated Polymer Brush Defines Its Surface Hydrophilicity 270 9.4 Case Study: Temperature-Dependent Surface hydrophilicity of Dense PNIPAM Brushes 272 9.5 Case Study: Temperature-Dependent Swelling and Volume Hydrophilicity of Dense PNIPAMBrushes 274 9.6 Thermoresponsive Poly(oligo(ethylene oxide)methacrylate) Copolymer Brushes: Versatile Functional Alternatives to PNIPAM 277 9.7 Surface and Volume Hydrophilicity of Nonthermoresponsive Poly(oligo(ethylene oxide)methacrylate) Copolymer Brushes 279 9.8 Conclusions 282 Acknowledgments 283 References 283 10 Functional Biointerfaces Tailored by “Grafting-To”Brushes 287Eva Bittrich, Manfred Stamm, and Petra Uhlmann 10.1 Introduction 287 10.2 Part I: Polymer Brush Architectures 288 10.2.1 Design of Physicochemical Interfaces by Polymer Brushes 288 10.2.1.1 Stimuli-Responsive Homopolymer Brushes 288 10.2.1.2 Combination of Responses Using Mixed Polymer Brushes 290 10.2.1.3 Stimuli-Responsive Gradient Brushes 293 10.2.2 Modification of Polymer Brushes by Click Chemistry 293 10.2.2.1 Definition of Click Chemistry 293 10.2.2.2 Modification of End Groups of Grafted PNIPAAm Chains 295 10.2.3 Hybrid Brush Nanostructures 297 10.2.3.1 Nanoparticles Immobilized at Polymer Brushes 298 10.2.3.2 Sculptured Thin Films Grafted with Polymer Brushes 300 10.3 Part II: Actuating Biomolecule Interactions with Surfaces 303 10.3.1 Adsorption of Proteins to Polymer Brush Surfaces 303 10.3.1.1 Calculation of the Adsorbed Amount of Protein from Ellipsometric Experiments 305 10.3.1.2 Preventing Protein Adsorption 306 10.3.1.3 Adsorption at Polyelectrolyte Brushes 310 10.3.2 Polymer Brushes as Interfaces for Cell Adhesion and Interaction 313 10.3.2.1 Cell Adhesion on Stimuli-Responsive Polymer Surfaces Based on PNIPAAm Brushes 315 10.3.2.2 Growth Factors on Polymer Brushes 318 10.4 Conclusion and Outlook 320 Acknowledgments 321 References 321 11 Glycopolymer Brushes Presenting Sugars in Their Natural Form: Synthesis and Applications 333Kai Yu and Jayachandran N. Kizhakkedathu 11.1 Introduction and Background 333 11.2 Results and Discussion 334 11.2.1 Synthesis of Glycopolymer Brushes 334 11.2.1.1 Synthesis of N-Substituted Acrylamide Derivatives of Glycomonomers 334 11.2.1.2 Synthesis and Characterization of Glycopolymer Brushes on Gold Chip and SiliconWafer 334 11.2.1.3 Synthesis and Characterization of Glycopolymer Brushes on Polystyrene Particles 335 11.2.1.4 Synthesis and Characterization of Glycopolymer Brushes with Variation in the Composition of Carbohydrate Residues on SPR Chip 338 11.2.1.5 Preparation of Glycopolymer Brushes-Modified Particles with Different Grafting Density (Conformation) 338 11.2.2 Applications of Glycopolymer Brushes 341 11.2.2.1 Antithrombotic Surfaces Based on Glycopolymer Brushes 341 11.2.2.2 Glycopolymer Brushes Based Carbohydrate Arrays to Modulate Multivalent Protein Binding on Surfaces 345 11.2.2.3 Modulation of Innate Immune Response by the Conformation and Chemistry of Glycopolymer Brushes 351 11.3 Conclusions 356 Acknowledgments 357 References 357 12 Thermoresponsive Polymer Brushes for Thermally Modulated Cell Adhesion and Detachment 361Kenichi Nagase and Teruo Okano 12.1 Introduction 361 12.2 Thermoresponsive Polymer Hydrogel-Modified Surfaces for Cell Adhesion and Detachment 362 12.3 Thermoresponsive Polymer Brushes Prepared Using ATRP 363 12.4 Thermoresponsive Polymer Brushes Prepared by RAFT Polymerization 368 12.5 Conclusions 372 Acknowledgments 372 References 372 Volume 2 Preface xxi List of Contributors xxiii 13 Biomimetic Anchors for Antifouling Polymer Brush Coatings 377Dicky Pranantyo, Li Qun Xu, En-Tang Kang, Koon-Gee Neoh, and Serena Lay-Ming Teo 13.1 Introduction to Biofouling Management 377 13.2 Polymer Brushes for Surface Functionalization 378 13.3 Biomimetic Anchors for Antifouling Polymer Brushes 379 13.3.1 Mussel Adhesive-Inspired Dopamine Anchors 379 13.3.1.1 Antifouling Polymer Brushes Prepared via the “Grafting-To” Approach on (poly)Dopamine Anchor 383 13.3.1.2 Antifouling Polymer Brushes Prepared via the “Grafting-From” Approach on (poly)Dopamine Anchor 386 13.3.1.3 Direct Grafting of Antifouling Polymer Brushes Containing Anchorable Dopamine-Derived Functionalities 389 13.3.2 (Poly)phenolic Anchors for Antifouling Polymer Brushes 391 13.3.3 Biomolecular Anchors for Antifouling Polymer Brushes 393 13.4 Barnacle Cement as Anchor for Antifouling Polymer Brushes 397 13.5 Conclusion and Outlooks 399 References 400 14 Protein Adsorption Process Based on Molecular Interactions at Well-Defined Polymer Brush Surfaces 405Sho Sakata, Yuuki Inoue, and Kazuhiko Ishihara 14.1 Introduction 405 14.2 Utility of Polymer Brush Layers as Highly Controllable Polymer Surfaces 406 14.3 Performance of Polymer Brush Surfaces as Antifouling Biointerfaces 408 14.4 Elucidation of Protein Adsorption Based on Molecular Interaction Forces 412 14.5 Concluding Remarks 416 References 417 15 Are Lubricious Polymer Brushes Antifouling? Are Antifouling Polymer Brushes Lubricious? 421Edmondo M. Benetti and Nicholas D. Spencer 15.1 Introduction 421 15.2 Poly(ethylene glycol) Brushes 422 15.3 Beyond Simple PEG Brushes 424 15.4 Conclusion 429 References 429 16 Biofunctionalized Brush Surfaces for Biomolecular Sensing 433Shuaidi Zhang and Vladimir V. Tsukruk 16.1 Introduction 433 16.2 Biorecognition Units 435 16.2.1 Antibodies 435 16.2.2 Antibody Fragments 435 16.2.3 Aptamers 437 16.2.4 Peptide Aptamers 438 16.2.5 Enzymes 438 16.2.6 Peptide Nucleic Acid, Lectin, and Molecular Imprinted Polymers 439 16.3 Immobilization Strategy 439 16.3.1 Through Direct Covalent Linkage 440 16.3.1.1 Thiolated Aptamers on Noble Metal 440 16.3.1.2 General Activated Surface Chemistry 442 16.3.1.3 Diels–Alder Cycloaddition 444 16.3.1.4 Staudinger Ligation 444 16.3.1.5 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition 446 16.3.2 Through Affinity Tags 447 16.3.2.1 Biotin–Avidin/Streptavidin Pairing 447 16.3.2.2 NTA–Ni2+–Histidine Pairing 448 16.3.2.3 Protein A/Protein G – Fc Pairing 449 16.3.2.4 Oligonucleotide Hybridization 450 16.4 Microstructure and Morphology of Biobrush Layers 451 16.4.1 Grafting Density Control 451 16.4.2 Conformation and Orientation of Recognition Units 453 16.5 Transduction Schemes Based upon Grafted Biomolecules 462 16.5.1 Electrochemical-Based Sensors 462 16.5.2 Field Effect Transistor Based Sensors 463 16.5.3 SPR-Based Sensors 465 16.5.4 Photoluminescence-Based Sensors 466 16.5.5 SERS Sensors 468 16.5.6 Microcantilever Sensors 469 16.6 Conclusions 471 Acknowledgments 472 References 472 17 Phenylboronic Acid and Polymer Brushes: An Attractive Combination with Many Possibilities 479Solmaz Hajizadeh and Bo Mattiasson 17.1 Introduction: Polymer Brushes and Synthesis 479 17.2 Boronic Acid Brushes 481 17.3 Affinity Separation 483 17.4 Sensors 487 17.5 Biomedical Applications 492 17.6 Conclusions 494 References 494 18 Smart Surfaces Modified with Phenylboronic Acid Containing Polymer Brushes 497Hongliang Liu, ShutaoWang, and Lei Jiang 18.1 Introduction 497 18.2 Molecular Mechanism of PBA-Based Smart Surfaces 498 18.3 pH-Responsive Surfaces Modified with PBA Polymer Brush and Their Applications 501 18.4 Sugar-Responsive SurfacesModified with PBA Polymer Brush and Their Applications 503 18.5 PBA Polymer Brush–Based pH/Sugar Dual-Responsive OR Logic Gates and Their Applications 504 18.6 PBA Polymer Brush-Based pH/Sugar Dual-Responsive AND Logic Gates and Their Applications 506 18.7 PBA-Based Smart Systems beyond Polymer Brush and Their Applications 509 18.8 Conclusion and Perspective 511 References 512 19 Polymer Brushes andMicroorganisms 515Madeleine Ramstedt 19.1 Introduction 515 19.1.1 Societal Relevance for Surfaces Interacting with Microbes 515 19.1.2 Microorganisms 516 19.2 Brushes and Microbes 519 19.2.1 Adhesive Surfaces 529 19.2.2 Antifouling Surfaces 530 19.2.2.1 PEG-Based Brushes 531 19.2.2.2 Zwitterionic Brushes 533 19.2.2.3 Brush Density 533 19.2.2.4 Interactive Forces 535 19.2.2.5 Mechanical Interactions 537 19.2.3 Killing Surfaces 537 19.2.3.1 Antimicrobial Peptides 540 19.2.4 Brushes and Fungi 543 19.2.5 Brushes and Algae 546 19.3 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 549 Acknowledgments 551 References 552 20 Design of Polymer Brushes for Cell Culture and Cellular Delivery 557Danyang Li and Julien E. Gautrot Abbreviations 557 20.1 Introduction 559 20.2 Protein-Resistant Polymer Brushes for Tissue Engineering and In Vitro Assays 561 20.2.1 Design of Protein-Resistant Polymer Brushes 561 20.2.2 Cell-Resistant Polymer Brushes 565 20.2.3 Patterned Antifouling Brushes for the Development of Cell-Based Assays 567 20.3 Designing Brush Chemistry to Control Cell Adhesion and Proliferation 570 20.3.1 Polyelectrolyte Brushes for Cell Adhesion and Culture 570 20.3.2 Control of Surface Hydrophilicity 573 20.3.3 Surfaces with Controlled Stereochemistry 574 20.3.4 Switchable Brushes Displaying Responsive Behavior for Cell Harvesting and Detachment 576 20.4 Biofunctionalized Polymer Brushes to Regulate Cell Phenotype 581 20.4.1 Protein Coupling to Polymer Brushes to Control Cell Adhesion 581 20.4.2 Peptide-Functionalized Polymer Brushes to Regulate Cell Adhesion, Proliferation, Differentiation, and Migration 583 20.5 Polymer Brushes for Drug and Gene Delivery Applications 586 20.5.1 Polymer Brushes in Drug Delivery 586 20.5.2 Polymer Brushes in Gene Delivery 590 20.6 Summary 593 Acknowledgments 593 References 593 21 DNA Brushes: Self-Assembly, Physicochemical Properties, and Applications 605Ursula Koniges, Sade Ruffin, and Rastislav Levicky 21.1 Introduction 605 21.2 Applications 605 21.3 Preparation 607 21.4 Physicochemical Properties of DNA Brushes 610 21.5 Hybridization in DNA Brushes 613 21.6 Other Bioprocesses in DNA Brushes 618 21.7 Perspective 619 Acknowledgments 620 References 621 22 DNA Brushes: Advances in Synthesis and Applications 627Renpeng Gu, Lei Tang, Isao Aritome, and Stefan Zauscher 22.1 Introduction 627 22.2 Synthesis of DNA Brushes 628 22.2.1 Grafting-to Approaches 628 22.2.1.1 Immobilization on Gold Thin Films 628 22.2.1.2 Immobilization on Silicon-Based Substrates 632 22.2.2 Grafting-from Approaches 634 22.2.2.1 Surface-Initiated Enzymatic Polymerization 634 22.2.2.2 Surface-Initiated Rolling Circle Amplification 634 22.2.2.3 Surface-Initiated Hybridization Chain Reaction 634 22.2.3 Synthesis of DNA Brushes on Curved Surfaces 637 22.3 Properties and Applications of DNA Brushes 637 22.3.1 The Effect of DNA-Modifying Enzymes on the DNA Brush Structure 637 22.3.2 Stimulus-Responsive Conformational Changes of DNA Brushes 639 22.3.3 DNA Brush for Cell-Free Surface Protein Expression 643 22.3.4 DNA Brush-Modified Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications 645 22.4 Conclusion and Outlook 649 References 649 23 Membrane Materials Form Polymer Brush Nanoparticles 655Erica Green, Emily Fullwood, Julieann Selden, and Ilya Zharov 23.1 Introduction 655 23.2 Colloidal Membranes Pore-Filled with Polymer Brushes 657 23.2.1 Preparation of Silica Colloidal Membranes 657 23.2.2 PAAM Brush-Filled Silica Colloidal Membranes 658 23.2.3 PDMAEMA Brush-Filled Silica Colloidal Membranes 659 23.2.4 PNIPAAM brush-filled silica colloidal membranes 664 23.2.5 Polyalanine Brush-Filled Silica Colloidal Membranes 666 23.2.6 PMMA Brush-Filled SiO2@Au Colloidal Membranes 670 23.2.7 Colloidal Membranes Filled with Polymers Brushes Carrying Chiral Groups 672 23.2.8 pSPM and pSSA Brush-Filled Colloidal Nanopores 673 23.3 Self-Assembled PBNPs Membranes 676 23.3.1 PDMAEMA/PSPM Membranes 676 23.3.2 PHEMA Membranes 678 23.3.3 pSPM and pSSA Membranes 680 23.4 Summary 683 References 683 24 Responsive Polymer Networks and Brushes for Active Plasmonics 687Nestor Gisbert Quilis, Nityanand Sharma, Stefan Fossati,Wolfgang Knoll, and Jakub Dostalek 24.1 Introduction 687 24.2 Tuning Spectrum of Surface Plasmon Modes 688 24.3 Polymers Used for Actuating of Plasmonic Structures 692 24.3.1 Temperature-Responsive Polymers 692 24.3.2 Optical Stimulus 694 24.3.3 Electrochemical Stimulus 695 24.3.4 Chemical Stimulus 696 24.4 Imprinted Thermoresponsive Hydrogel Nanopillars 697 24.5 Thermoresponsive Hydrogel Nanogratings Fabricated by UV Laser Interference Lithography 699 24.6 Electrochemically Responsive Hydrogel Microgratings Prepared by UV Photolithography 702 24.7 Conclusions 705 Acknowledgments 706 References 706 25 Polymer Brushes as Interfacial Materials for Soft Metal Conductors and Electronics 709Casey Yan and Zijian Zheng 25.1 Introduction 709 25.2 Mechanisms of Polymer-Assisted Metal Deposition 712 25.3 Role of Polymer Brushes 716 25.4 Selection Criterion of Polymer Brushes Enabling PAMD 716 25.5 Strategies to Fabricate Patterned Metal Conductors 717 25.6 PAMD on Different Substrates and Their Applications in Soft Electronics 720 25.6.1 On Textiles 720 25.6.2 On Plastic Thin films 721 25.6.3 On Elastomers 724 25.6.4 On Sponges 728 25.7 Conclusion, Prospects, and Challenges 731 References 732 26 Nanoarchitectonic Design of Complex Materials Using Polymer Brushes as Structural and Functional Units 735M. Lorena Cortez, Gisela D´ýaz,Waldemar A. Marmisoll´e, Juan M. Giussi, and Omar Azzaroni 26.1 Introduction 735 26.2 Nanoparticles at Spherical Polymer Brushes: Hierarchical Nanoarchitectonic Construction of Complex Functional Materials 736 26.3 Nanotube and Nanowire Forests Bearing Polymer Brushes 737 26.3.1 Polymer Brushes on Surfaces DisplayingMicrotopographical Hierarchical Arrays 738 26.3.2 Environmentally Responsive Electrospun Nanofibers 740 26.4 Fabrication of Free-Standing “Soft” Micro- and Nanoobjects Using Polymer Brushes 741 26.5 Solid-State Polymer Electrolytes Based on Polymer Brush–Modified Colloidal Crystals 743 26.6 Proton-Conducting Membranes with Enhanced Properties Using Polymer Brushes 745 26.7 Hybrid Architectures Combining Mesoporous Materials and Responsive Polymer Brushes: Gated Molecular Transport Systems and Controlled Delivery Vehicles 747 26.8 Ensembles of Metal NanoparticlesModified with Polymer Brushes 750 26.9 Conclusions 754 Acknowledgments 755 References 755 Index 759

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Book SynopsisThis volume brings together the work of both theoreticians and experimentalists on the synthesis of nanoparticles and their use in catalytic reactions. Heterogeneous catalysis is a core area of contemporary physical chemistry posing major fundamental and conceptual challenges, and nanoparticles are ubiquitous in many heterogeneous catalysts, therefore it is now opportune to focus a Faraday Discussion on key aspects of their synthesis, characterisation and use. This Faraday Discussion will explore the modern methods being used to design, synthesise and characterize nanoparticles and how these bridge across the disciplines of physical science and chemical engineering. The core aim of this discussion meeting is to develop a fundamental understanding of these crucial aspects of catalytic science, especially relating to nanoparticle synthesis and use in catalytic reactions, knowledge of which is essential for the design of new catalysts.Table of ContentsControl of Catalytic Nanoparticle Synthesis; The Challenges of Characterising Nanoparticulate Catalyts; Theory as a driving force to understand reactions on nanoparticles; Application of new nanoparticle structures as catalysts

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Book SynopsisCarbon nanostructures, namely fullerenes, single and multiwall carbon nanotubes, graphene as well as the most recent graphene quantum dots and carbon nanodots, have experienced a tremendous progress along the last two decades in terms of the knowledge acquired on their chemical and physical properties. These insights have enabled their increasing use in biomedical applications, from scaffolds to devices. Edited by renowned experts in the subject, this book collects and delineates the most notable advances within the growing field surrounding carbon nanostructures for biomedical purposes. Exploration ranges from fundamentals around classifications to toxicity, biocompatibility and the immune response. Modified nanocarbon-based materials and emergent classes, such as carbon dots and nanohorns are discussed, with chapters devoted from carriers for drug delivery and inhibitors of emergent viruses infection, to applications across imaging, biosensors, tissue scaffolding and biotechnology. The book will provide a valuable reference resource and will extensively benefit researchers and professionals working across the fields of chemistry, materials science, and biomedical and chemical engineering.Table of ContentsCarbon Nanostructures: Drug Delivery and Beyond; Carbon Nanomaterials as Carriers of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs; Multivalent Glycosylated Carbon Nanostructures: Efficient Inhibitors of Emergent Viruses Infection; Carbon Nanostructures and Polysaccharides for Biomedical Materials; Biological Applications of Magnetically Empowered Carbon Nanotubes; Carbon Nanomaterials for Neuronal Tissue Engineering; Carbon Nanotubes for Cardiac Applications; Nanodiamonds and their Biological Applications; Carbon Nanomaterials for the Development of Biosensors for Microbe Detection and Diagnosis; Biotechnology Applications of Nanocarbons in Plant and Algal Systems

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Book SynopsisResearch and new tools in biomaterials development by using peptides are currently growing, as more functional and versatile building blocks are used to design a host of functional biomaterials via chemical modifications for health care applications. It is a field that is attracting researchers from across soft matter science, molecular engineering and biomaterials science. Covering the fundamental concepts of self-assembly, design and synthesis of peptides, this book will provide a solid introduction to the field for those interested in developing functional biomaterials by using peptide derivatives. The bioactive nature of the peptides and their physical properties are discussed in various applications in biomedicine. This book will help researchers and students working in biomaterials and biomedicine fields and help their understanding of modulating biological processes for disease diagnosis and treatments.Table of ContentsDesign and Synthesis of Peptides for Developing Biomaterials; Characterization of Peptides and Their Assemblies; Peptide Engineering Strategies; Designing Enzyme Responsive Biomaterials; Peptide Self-Assembly Applied to Catalytic Asymmetric Aldol Reactions; The use of D-amino acids for peptide self-assembled systems; Amyloid-like Peptide Aggregates; Regenerative Medicine Applications of Peptide Hydrogels; Drug Delivery Applications of Peptide Materials; Glycosylated Peptide Materials; Ultrashort Tetrameric Peptide Nanogels Support Tissue Graft Formation, Wound Healing and 3D Bioprinting; Self-assembled Peptide Nanostructures for Antibacterial Applications; Peptide-Based Biomaterials for Repair and Regeneration of the Intervertebral Disc; New Functions Emerging from Peptide-DNA Materials

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Book SynopsisNanotubes (both of carbon and inorganic materials) can be made in a variety of ways, demonstrating a wide range of fascinating properties. Many of these, such as high mechanical strength and interesting electronic properties relate directly to potential applications. Nanowires have been made from a vast array of inorganic materials and provide great scope for further research into their properties and possible applications. Chapters in this book systematically describe the fundamentals and applications of nanotubes and nanowires, providing a comprehensive and up-to-date survey of the research area, including synthesis, characterisation, properties and applications. This new edition of Nanotubes and Nanowires includes an extensive list of references and is ideal both for graduates needing an introduction to the field of nanomaterials as well as for professionals and researchers in academia and industry. Review of Nanotubes and Nanowires 1st Edition: "This book does a truly admirable job of summarizing the literature in this rapidly changing field." Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2006, 128, 4163-4164 Review of Nanotubes and Nanowires 2nd Edition: "Rao and Govindaraj do a superb job of distilling the huge literature on inorganic nanotubes and nanowires." Chemistry & Industry, 2011, 24, 27Table of ContentsCarbon Nanotubes; Chemically Modified Nanotubes; Properties and Applications of Carbon Nanotubes; Inorganic Nanotubes; Synthetic Strategies for Inorganic Nanowires; Elemental Nanowires; Metal Oxide Nanowires; Metal Nitride, Carbide and Boride Nanowires; Nanowires of Metal Chalcogenides, Phosphides and Other Semiconductor Materials; Functionalization and Useful Properties and Potential Applications of Nanowires

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Book SynopsisWhile our five senses are doing a reasonably good job at representing the world around us on a macro-scale, we have no existing intuitive representation of the nanoworld, ruled by laws entirely foreign to our experience. This is where molecules mingle to create proteins; where you wouldn't recognize water as a liquid; and where minute morphological changes would reveal how much 'solid' things, such as the ground or houses, are constantly vibrating and moving. Following in the footsteps of Nano-Society and Nanotechnology: The Future is Tiny, this title introduces a new collection of stories demonstrating recent research in the field of nanotechnology. This drives home the fact that a plethora of nanotechnology R&D will become an integral part of improved and entirely novel materials, products, and applications yet will remain entirely invisible to the user. The book gives a personal perspective on how nanotechnologies are created and developed, and will appeal to anyone who has an interest in the research and future of nanotechnology. Reviews of Nanotechnology: The Future is Tiny: 'The book is recommended not only to all interested scientists, but also to students who are looking for a quick and clear introduction to various research areas of nanotechnology' Angew. Chem., 2017, 56(26), 7351–7351 'Once you start reading you will find it very difficult to stop' Chromatographia, 2017, 80, 1821Table of ContentsThe World of Graphene; The Growing Landscape of Two-dimensional Materials; Not Found in Nature: Metamaterials and Metasurfaces; Plasmonics; Nanobiotechnology; Nanomedicine; Characterization; Fabrication Moves to the Printer; (Mostly Wearable) Electronics; Sensors and Diagnostics; Energy Harvesting and Storage; For Nanoengineers, Anything Goes

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Book SynopsisWith escalating global population, increased consumption of fossil fuels, spiralling energy demand, rapid environmental degradation and global climate change, energy and environmental issues are receiving considerable attention worldwide from the purview of sustainable development. In order to address these complex and interlinked challenges, the development of new materials for affordable green energy technologies (batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells and solar cells) and environmental remediation methods (adsorption, photocatalysis, separation, and sensing) is essential. Three-dimensional graphene-based macrostructures (3D GBMs) are of great interest in these applications given their large surface area and adaptable surface chemistry. Graphene-based 3D Macrostructures for Clean Energy and Environmental Applications provides a critical and comprehensive account of the recent advances in the development and potential applications of high performance 3D GBMs for tackling global energy and environmental issues in a sustainable manner. Particular attention is paid to the fabrication schemes, modulation of physiochemical properties, and their integration into practical devices, and the roles of surface chemistry and pore morphology, as well as their interplay, on the overall performance of 3D GBMs are examined. With contributions from authors around the world this book is a useful resource for both environmental scientists interested in sustainable energy and remediation solutions and materials scientists interested in applications for 3D GMBs.Table of ContentsEngineering the Architecture of 3D Graphene-based Macrostructures; Structure–Property Relationships in 3D Graphene-based Macrostructures; Flexible 3D Graphene-based Electrodes for Ultrahigh Performance Lithium Ion Batteries; 3D Graphene-based Materials for Enhancing the Energy Density of Sodium Ion Batteries; Ultrafast Charging Supercapacitors Based on 3D Macrostructures of Graphene and Graphene Oxide; 3D GBM-supported Transition Metal Oxide Nanocatalysts and Heteroatom-doped 3D Graphene Electrocatalysts for Potential Application in Fuel Cells; 3D Graphene-based Scaffolds with High Conductivity and Biocompatibility for Applications in Microbial Fuel Cells; Highly Efficient Dye-sensitized Solar Cells with Integrated 3D Graphene-based Materials; Fuelling the Hydrogen Economy with 3D Graphene-based Macroscopic Assemblies; Harvesting Solar Energy by 3D Graphene-based Macroarchitectures; 3D Graphene-based Macrostructures as Superabsorbents for Oils and Organic Solvents; Fast and Efficient Removal of Existing and Emerging Environmental Contaminants by 3D Graphene-based Adsorbents; Freestanding Photocatalytic Materials Based on 3D Graphene for Degradation of Organic Pollutants; 3D Graphene-based Macroassemblies for On-site Detection of Environmental Contaminants; Graphene-based Macroassemblies as Highly Efficient and Selective Adsorbents for Postcombustion CO2 Capture; Artificial Photosynthesis by 3D Graphene-based Composite Photocatalysts;

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Book SynopsisThere are several fundamental challenges that are yet to be resolved within the field of nanoalloys, including a comprehensive understanding of their structure and properties and how they can be used in the design of catalysts, nanomagnets and nano-optic devices. There is a need for theoretical models to be developed which can provide clues with regards to the preparation and potential applications of various nanoalloys in realistic environments. The unique format of the Faraday Discussions meetings enables in-depth discussions across the full scope of the field, offering new perspectives in their structures, properties and subsequent applications. This volume brings together leading experts from across the globe interested in bi- and multimetallic nanoalloys to explore and exchange ideas on recent developments and future possibilities. In this volume the topics covered are organised into the following themes: Nanoalloy structures Nanoalloy catalysis Magnetic and optical properties of nanoalloys Applications of nanoalloys

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Book SynopsisThis book is available as open access through the Bloomsbury Open Access programme and is available on www.bloomsburycollections.com. This book defines 'nanowares' as the ideas and products arising out of nanotechnology. Koepsell argues that these rapidly developing new technologies demand a new approach to scientific discovery and innovation in our society. He takes established ideas from social philosophy and applies them to the nanoparticle world. In doing so he breaks down the subject into its elemental form and from there we are better able to understand how these elements fit into the construction of a more complex system of products, rules and regulations about these products. Where existing research in the field has tended to focus on potential social harm, Koepsell takes a different approach by looking at ways in which developments in distributed design and fabrication can be harnessed to enable wealth creation by those with good ideas but no access to capital. He argues that the key challenge facing us is the error implicit in current intellectual property regimes and presents new modes of relating inventors to artifacts in this new context. In conclusion he offers contractual models which he believes encourage innovation in nano-media by embracing open source and alternative means of protection for innovators.Table of ContentsLet's Get Small; Nanotechnology and the Future; Nano-Present; Laws, Rules and Regulations; Things in Themselves: Objects, Ideas and Intentions; Authorship and Artifacts; Economics, Surpluses and Justice; Nanotech Nightmares; The Final Convergence

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Book SynopsisThe ability of nanostructures to organize into complex arrangements leads to unique materials with valuable applications. Self-assembly is therefore a key concept for nanotechnology, but it can be quite a complex and difficult subject to approach. Water Droplets to Nanotechnology gives a simple and general overview of the different self-assembly processes which are at the basis of recent developments in nanotechnology. The book shows how simple phenomenon from everyday examples can become sophisticated tools for self-assembly and the fabrication of nanomaterials. By exploring the coffee stain and tears of wine phenomena, the first part looks at how the evaporation of a droplet of colloidal solution can be used in designing organized structures. This leads onto more complex systems such as templated porous materials, photonic crystals, colloidal nanocrystals and quasi-crystals through to bottom-up systems for designing hierarchal materials. By taking the reader on a journey from everyday life to the secrets of nanotechnology, the book is suitable for a non-specialist audience interested in self-assembly as well as the wider perspectives and latest developments of nanoscience.Table of ContentsThe Coffee Stain: Using a Water Droplet for Self-assembly; The Tears of Wine. The Marangoni Effect, a Fluid Phenomenon for Self-Assembly and Organization; The Lord of the Rings: Stick and Slip Motions and Self-Assembly During Coffee-Stain Formation; Convective Self-Assembly (CSA); Using Breath for Nanotechnology; Nanomaterials with Light Shaping Capabilities: Photonic Crystals; Superlattices and Quasicrystals; Shaping and Ordering the Porosity Through Self-assembly; Towards the Complex Organization of Matter: Hierarchical Porosity;

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Book SynopsisThis book addresses the application of nanotechnology to cosmetics. Edited by three respected experts in the field, the book begins with a general overview of the science behind cosmetics and skin care today, and of the status quo of nanotechnology in cosmetics. Subsequent chapters provide detailed information on the different nanoparticles currently used in cosmetics; the production and characterization of nanoparticles and nanocosmetics; and regulatory, safety and commercialization aspects. Given its scope, the book offers an indispensable guide for scientists in academia and industry, technicians and students, as well as a useful resource for decision-makers in the field and consumer organizations.Chapter 6 of this book is available open access under a CC BY 4.0 licence at link.springer.com.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Nanocosmetics: Science Behind Cosmetics and Skin Care,- Nanotechnology in Cosmetics. Nanoparticles in cosmetics: Inorganic nanoparticles in cosmetics: Micelles and Nanoemulsions.- Polymeric nanoparticles.- Phospholipids in Cosmetic Carriers.- SmartLipids – the third generation of solid submicron lipid particles for dermal delivery of actives.- Nanocrystals for dermal application. Characterization and Production of Nanoparticles and Nanocosmetics: Characterization of nanoparticles for cosmetic applications.- Characterization of Nanoparticles in Dermal Formulations.- Characterization of penetration of particles after dermal application.- Characterisation of Nanomaterials with Focus on Metrology, Nano Reference Materials and Standardisation.- Production of nanocosmetics. Governance and Potentials of Nanocosmetics: Safety and Toxicity counts of Nanocosmetics.- Regulation of nanomaterials in cosmetic products on the EU market.- Why Nanotechnology in Dermal Products? – Advantages, Challenges and Market Aspects.

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Book SynopsisThis book examines recent developments in inert anodes for aluminum electrolysis. It describes the composition and application of the most promising metal ceramic inert anode materials and nickel-oxide nanotechnology in the aluminum industry. The volume addresses concepts, analysis, properties, conductivity and corrosion, microstructure and microanalysis, and machinability of inert anodes for aluminum electrolysis. The book will be valuable to the aluminum industry, where inert anodes are having a profound impact in creating more energy saving, greener, and more functional aluminum materials in high-strength and high-temperature applications.Table of ContentsResearch background of inert anodes for aluminum electrolysis.- Nanomaterials and Nanocermets.- Nancermet anodes for aluminum electrolysis.- Metallographic analysis of cermet materials.- X-ray diffraction analysis of nanocermets.- Bulk density, apparent porosity, and density of nanocermets.- Conductivity of nanocermets.- Corrosion resistance of nanocermet.- Post processing of samples.- Characterization of specimen structure of nanocermets.- Measurement of mechanical properties of NiFe2O4 nanocermet.- Microstructure and microanalysis of cermet materials.- Optimization and machinability of nanocermets for aluminum electrolysis.

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Book SynopsisThis book will give a detailed description of different carbon based materials synthesis methods, characterization, and applications. It serves as a fundamental information source on the actual techniques and methodologies involved in carbon materials synthesis, such as CVD, plasma in liquids, fusion reactors, or frequency-doubled yttrium–aluminum– garnet (YAG) lasers. This book includes coverage of several categories of carbon materials, such as graphene, carbon fiber composites, functionalized carbons, and polyimides used for various applications, from microelectronic industry to slotted waveguide antennas.Table of Contents1. Introduction to Raman spectroscopy of chemically functionalized CVD graphene2. Applications of Graphite Materials in the Field of Electromagnetic Compatibility3. Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer Materials for Antennas and Microwave Technologies4. Structural Design and Optimization of Slotted Waveguide Antenna Stiffened Structures Under Compressive Load5. The Influence of Azobenzene Content on Azopolyimides Capacity to Form Laser-Induced Surface Relief Gratings6. Structural Modifications of Polymers and Nanocomposites Synthesis by Pulsed Electrical Discharges in LiquidsIndex

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Book SynopsisThis textbook covers in detail digitally-driven methods for adding materials together to form parts. A conceptual overview of additive manufacturing is given, beginning with the fundamentals so that readers can get up to speed quickly. Well-established and emerging applications such as rapid prototyping, micro-scale manufacturing, medical applications, aerospace manufacturing, rapid tooling and direct digital manufacturing are also discussed. This book provides a comprehensive overview of additive manufacturing technologies as well as relevant supporting technologies such as software systems, vacuum casting, investment casting, plating, infiltration and other systems. Reflects recent developments and trends and adheres to the ASTM, SI and other standards; Includes chapters on topics that span the entire AM value chain, including process selection, software, post-processing, industrial drivers for AM, and more; Provides a broad range of technical questions to ensure comprehensive understanding of the concepts covered. Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction and Basic Principles.- Chapter 2. Development of Additive Manufacturing Technology.- Chapter 3. Generalized Additive Manufacturing Process Chain.- Chapter 4. Vat Photopolymerization.- Chapter 5. Powder Bed Fusion.- Chapter 6. Material Extrusion.- Chapter 7. Material Jetting.- Chapter 8. Binder Jetting.- Chapter 9. Sheet Lamination.- Chapter 10. Directed Energy Deposition.- Chapter 11. Direct Write Technologies.- Chapter 12. Hybrid Additive Manufacturing.- Chapter 13. The Impact of Low-Cost AM Systems.- Chapter 14. Material for Additive Manufacturing.- Chapter 15. Guidelines for Process Selection.- Chapter 16. Post-processing.- Chapter 17. Software for Additive Manufacturing.- Chapter 18. Direct Digital Manufacturing.- Chapter 19. Design for Additive Manufacturing.- Chapter 20. Rapid Tooling.- Chapter 21. Industrial Drivers for AM Adoption.- Chapter 22. Business and Social Implications of AM.

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Book SynopsisDrawing on their experiences in successfully executing hundreds of MEMS development projects, the authors present the first practical guide to navigating the technical and business challenges of MEMS product development, from the initial concept stage all the way to commercialization. The strategies and tactics presented, when practiced diligently, can shorten development timelines, help avoid common pitfalls, and improve the odds of success, especially when resources are limited. MEMS Product Development illuminates what it really takes to develop a novel MEMS product so that innovators, designers, entrepreneurs, product managers, investors, and executives may properly prepare their companies to succeed.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Understanding global silicon wafer manufacturing infrastructure.- Stages of development.- MEMS parameter sensitivity models.- Co-development of control and readout electronics.- Process integration.- Planning for test and data gathering.- Planning for package integration.- Mask layout.- Documentation.- Opportunity analysis.- Operational requirements.- MEMS product cost modeling.- Timeline planning.- When is the right time to move to a production facility?.- Finding foundry and supply chain vendors.- Transferring technology for production.- Quality control requirements.- Managing a global supply chain.

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Book SynopsisThe range of nanomaterial applications has expanded recently from catalysis, electronics, and filtration to therapeutics, diagnostics, agriculture, and food because of unique properties and potentials of different nanoparticles and nanomaterials. Research shows that these exquisite particles can interact with an organism at the cellular, physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. However, our knowledge of how they affect these changes, selectively or generally, in diverse organism or ecosystems is very limited and far from satisfactory. Data indicate that the biological function largely depends on the shape, size, and surface characteristics of the nanoparticles used besides life cycle stages of an organism. Therefore, this compilation will focus on the body of work carried out by distinguished investigators using diverse nanomaterials and plant and animal species. This book includes specific case studies as well as general review articles highlighting aspects of multilayered interactions, and targets not only research and academic scholars but also the concerned industry and policy makers as well.Table of ContentsPreface1. Pros and cons of metal oxide nanomaterial use in Australian broadacre agriculture: Nazanin Nikoo Jamal, Elliott Duncan & Gary Owens; Environmental Contaminants Group, Future Industries Institute, University of South AustraliaBuilding X2-06 Mawson Lakes Campus2. Accumulation of metal-oxide nanomaterials by unicellular algae and their transfer within marine and aquatic food-webs; Elliott Duncan & Gary Owens: Environmental Contaminants Group, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia3. The chemistry behind nanotoxicological processes in living systems: Guadalupe de la Rosa, Edgar Vazquez, Concepcion Garcia, Laura Lopez, Gustavo Cruz and Gustavo Basurto; Departamento de Ingenierías Química, Electrónica y Biomédica, División de Ciencias e Ingenierías Campus León, Universidad de Guanajuato 4. Nanoparticles and Sustainable Agriculture: Concepts and controversies: Durgesh Kumar Tripathi, Namira Arif, Shivesh Sharma, N K Dubey and D K Chauhan; Center of Medical Diagnostic and Research, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad5. Elucidating the role of nano-bio interactions in nanotoxicology: Lok R. Pokhrel; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Temple University, USA 6. Potential of nonotechnology for increasing micronutrients fertilizer use efficiency in crop production: S K Singh and Yukti Verma; Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India7. Fate and effect of engineered nanomaterials in agricultural systems; Jason White: The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA8. Effects of engineered nanomaterials on the alleviation of abiotic stress in plants: M. Djanaguiraman, P.V.V. Prasad and O.P. Dhankher; Sustainable Intensification Innovation Lab, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA 9. Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Interactions: I. In vitro Studies in Animal Cells: Ashley Cox and Shivendra Sahi; Department of Biology, University of Sciences, 600 South 43rd Street, Philadelphia, USA10. Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Interactions: II. An Analysis Based on Animal Organ System: Ashley Cox and Nilesh Sharma; Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, USA11. Engineered nanomaterials toxicity at different growth phases of agricultural species: Swati Rawat, Yi Wang, Chaoyi Deng, Yuqing Yeb, Carolina B. Valdes, Jose R. Peralta-Videa and Jorge. L. Gardea-Torresdey; Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science & Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA 12. Nanotoxicology Research Based on Drosophila Models: Ananya Sharma & Ajay Srivastava; Dept of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY USA13. Caenorhabditis elegans – A unique animal model to study soil–nanoparticles–organism interactions; Daniel Starnes, Catherine Starnes: Department of Biology, Belmont University, Nashville, TN, USA14. Cytotoxic efficacy of green engineered biomolecules-loaded silver nanoparticles on HeLa Cell line using leaf extracts of Leucas aspera: P. Venkatachalam, U. Jinu and T. Bhuvaneswari; Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Salem, India15. Zebrafish models of nanotoxicity – A comprehensive account: Silvia Giordani; University of Turin, Chemistry Department, Via Giuria, Torino, Italy16. Responses of terrestrial plants to metallic nanomaterial exposure – a Mechanistic analysis: Keni Cota-Ruiz, Swati Rawat, Jose R. Peralta-Videa and Jorge. L. Gardea-Torresdey; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USAIndex

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Book SynopsisThis book highlights the mechanical properties of nanomaterials produced by several techniques for various applications. The dislocations observed in specimens obtained in nanomaterials are discussed on the chapter about deformation process. Partial dislocations and grain boundary sliding deformation phenomena in nanomaterial specimens are also deeply discussed. Tests for tension, compression, and hardness are described. The behavior of nanomaterials is compared to macrosize specimens, and the results obtained for different fabrication methods are also compared. The special characteristics of nanomaterials are summarized at the end of the book.Table of ContentsPreface Contents About the Author 1 What are nanomaterials 2 Structure of nanomaterials 3 Basic concepts for producing nanomaterials 4 Imperfections in nanomaterial 5 Static deformation 5.1 tension 5.2 Compression 5.3 torsion 5.4 Flexure (bending) 5.5 Indentation – Hardness 6 Dynamic deformation 7 Time dependent deformation – Creep 8 cyclic deformation – Fatigue 9 Fracture in nanomaterials 10 Epilogue

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Book Synopsis This book presents selected peer-reviewed contributions from the 2020 International Conference on “Physics and Mechanics of New Materials and Their Applications”, PHENMA 2020 (26–29 March 2021, Kitakyushu, Japan), focusing on processing techniques, physics, mechanics, and applications of advanced materials. The book describes a broad spectrum of promising nanostructures, crystal structures, materials, and composites with unique properties. It presents nanotechnological design approaches, environmental-friendly processing techniques, and physicochemical as well as mechanical studies of advanced materials. The selected contributions describe recent progress in computational materials science methods and algorithms (in particular, finite-element and finite-difference modelling) applied to various technological, mechanical, and physical problems. The presented results are important for ongoing efforts concerning the theory, modelling, and testing of advanced materials. Other results are devoted to promising devices with higher accuracy, increased longevity, and greater potential to work effectively under critical temperatures, high pressure, and in aggressive environments.Table of Contents

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Book SynopsisThis book contains the research report of the DFG Research Unit FOR 1845 (2014-2020) of the Universities of Bremen and Hannover. The thematic focus lies on speeding up ultra-precision machining technology by following a holistic approach to high-performance cutting. This includes ultra-precision milling at high spindle speeds (>10000 rpm), precision tool setting mechanisms for multi-cutting-edge diamond milling tools, magnetic levitation technology for high velocity feed axes, and dedicated control strategies for error identification and compensation at high speeds. Furthermore, automation and measurement aspects of the machine setup process especially for precision balancing of the spindle rotors are presented. Finally, it is demonstrated that how the developed technologies may be integrated into a common machine tool setup. The target audience primarily comprises research experts and practitioners in production engineering, but the book may also be of interest to graduate students alike.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction to Ultra-Precision High Performance Cutting.-Chapter 2. Diamond milling with multiple cutting edges.- Chapter 3. Ultra-precision high speed cutting.-Chapter 4. Electromagnetic ultra-precision linear guide.-Chapter 5. Spindle balancing for ultra-precision high speed cutting.-Chapter 6. Ultra precision high performance axis control.-Chapter7. Achievements and future perspectives for ultra-precision high performance cutting.

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Book SynopsisWith the start of 2020, the wrath of pandemic challenged the scientific community to develop more advanced drug delivery approaches for biomedical applications, endowing conventional drugs with additional therapeutic benefits and minimum side effects. Although significant advancements have been done in the field of drug delivery, there is a need to focus towards strategizing novel and improved drug delivery systems that should be convenient and cost-effective to the patients, and simultaneously they should also provide financial benefits to pharmaceutical companies. Controlled drug delivery technology offers ample opportunities and scope for improvising the therapeutic efficacy of drugs via optimizing the drug release rate and time. For this endeavour, smart nanomaterials have served as remarkable candidates for biomedical applications, owing to their ground-breaking properties and design. The development of such nanomaterials requires a broad knowledge related to their physio-chemical properties, molecular structure, mechanisms by which the nanomaterials interact with the cells, and methods by which drugs are released at the site of action. This knowledge must also be allied with the knowledge of signaling crosstalk mechanisms that are modulated by the nanomaterial-drugs composite. It can be anticipated that these emerging drug delivery technologies can facilitate the world to successfully encounter such pandemic outbursts in the future in a cost-effective and time-effective manner. The chapters in this book deal with the advanced technologies and approaches that can benefit advanced students, researchers, and industry experts in developing smart and intelligent nanomaterials for future biomedical applications, and development, manufacturing, and commercialization for controlled and targeted drug delivery.Table of ContentsFOREWORDProf. G. VeerabhadramPREFACEChapter 1: Introduction to active smart nanomaterials for biomedical applicationsJin-Chul KimKangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea Chapter 2: Cancer cell sensing and therapy using affinity tag-conjugated gold nanoparticlesAlle MadhusudhanKangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea Chapter 3: Gold nanoparticles enlighten the future of cancer theranosticsJianfeng GuoSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, 1266, Fujin Road, Changchun 130021, ChinaChapter 4: Recent advances in hydrogels smart drug delivery systems Sharif AhmadDepartment of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India Chapter 5: Carbon-based nanomaterials for biomedical applicationsKai YangState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China Chapter 6: A new era of cancer treatment: carbon nanotubes as drug delivery toolsAlexander M SeifalianCentre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, University, College London, London, UK Chapter 7: pH- and ion-sensitive materials for control drug delivery Takayuki YoshidaDrug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Labs, Astellas Pharma, Inc., 180 Ozumi, Yaizu, Shizuoka 425-0072, JapanChapter 8: Thermo-responsive polymers and their application as smart biomaterialsYukiko T. MatsunagaCenter for International Research on Integrative Biomedical Systems (CIBiS), The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, JapanChapter 9: Redox-responsive polymers and their application in drug delivery systemsJohn F. QuinnARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, AustraliaChapter 10: Recent strategies to explore the biomedical applications of nanocelluloseDinesh KumarKangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea Chapter 11: Tissue engineering using cellulose nanofibrils as Scaffold MaterialAndrew E. PellingSymbioticA, School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, AustraliaChapter 12: Use of solid lipid nanoparticles to improve the oral bioavailability of poor soluble drugsDeepti PanditaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Jan Nayak Ch. Devi Lal Memorial College of Pharmacy, Sirsa 125055, Haryana, IndiaChapter 13: Applications of dendrimers in drug delivery systemsE. BustosCentro de Investigacion y Desarrollo Tecnol ´ ogico en Electroqu ´ ´ımica S.C., Parque Tecnologico Quer ´ etaro s/n, Sanfandila, 76703 Pedro Escobedo, QRO, MexicoChapter 14: Liposomes for drug delivery: progress and problemsJin-Chul KimKangwon national University, Chuncheon, South KoreaChapter 15: Cubosome nanoparticles for enhanced delivery of anticancer drugJana B. NiederDepartment of Nanophotonics, Ultrafast Bio- and Nanophotonics Group, INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330, Braga, PortugalChapter 16: Layer‐by‐Layer assemblies for cancer diagnosis and treatment UMR CNRS/INPG 5628 (LMGP), 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016 Grenoble, FranceChapter 17: Polymeric micelles for drug deliveryAfsanesh Lavasanifar University of Albert, Edmonton, Alberta T6G2N8, CanadaChapter 18: Role of plant-based materials/gums in developing drug delivery systems B. Sashidhar Rao Department of Biochemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, IndiaChapter 19: Ethosomes: A novel tool for drug delivery through the skinAmarachinta Padmanabha RaoChapter 20: Niosomes as nanoparticular drug carriers: fundamentals and recent applicationsNoufel SamedChapter 21: Graphene oxide nanosheets used in photothermal therapyHongjie Dai Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States Chapter 22: Metal doped carbon dots used in bio-imaging and cancer therapyJoydeep DasSchool of Chemistry, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, PO Sultanpur, Solan, HP, 173229, IndiaBIBLIOGRAPHYGLOSSARYINDEX

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Book SynopsisThis book presents synthesis, characterization, and applications of macroporous, mesoporous, nanoporous, hierarchical porous, porous metals, and porous ceramics. Special emphasis is given to the preparation of porous activated carbon materials and porous ionic liquid-derived materials for CO2 emissions mitigation. Additionally, a chapter includes the physical and mathematical modeling in porous media. Many analytical techniques for characterization are discussed in this book. Also, the biomedical and industrial applications of porous materials in adsorption, catalysis, biosensors, drug delivery, nanotechnology are described. The content helps solving fundamental and applied problems in porous materials with length scales varying from macro- to nano-level. Table of Contents

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Book SynopsisThis book provides an interesting snapshot of recent advances in the field of single molecule nanosensing. The ability to sense single molecules, and to precisely monitor and control their motion is crucial to build a microscopic understanding of key processes in nature, from protein folding to chemical reactions. Recently a range of new techniques have been developed that allow single molecule sensing and control without the use of fluorescent labels. This volume provides an overview of recent advances that take advantage of micro- and nanoscale sensing technologies and provide the prospect for rapid future progress. The book endeavors to provide basic introductions to key techniques, recent research highlights, and an outlook on big challenges in the field and where it will go in future. It is a valuable contribution to the field of single molecule nanosensing and it will be of great interest to graduates and researchers working in this topic.Table of ContentsPart I Optical Sensing.- Interferometric Biosensing.- Optoplasmonic Whispering Gallery Mode Sensors for Single Molecule Characterization: A Practical Guide.- Nonlinear Optical Microcavities Towards Single-Molecule Sensing.- Part II Optomechanical Sensing.- Optomechanical Sensing.- Quantum Optical Theories of Molecular Optomechanics.- Part III Biomolecular Manipulation.- Dielectrophoresis of Single Molecules.- Optical Trapping of Single Molecules.- Applications of Trapping to Protein Analysis and Interactions.- Towards Single-Molecule Chiral Sensing and Separation.- Part IV Nanopores.- Experimental Approaches to Solid-State Nanopores.- Challenges in Protein Sequencing using 2-D MoS2 Nanopores.- Single-molecule Ionic and Optical Sensing with Nanoapertures.- Self-induced Back-action Actuated Nanopore Electrophoresis (SANE) sensing.

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Book SynopsisThis book describes most recent progress in the properties, synthesis, characterization, modelling, and applications of nanomaterials and nanodevices. It begins with the review of the modelling of the structural, electronic and optical properties of low dimensional and nanoscale semiconductors, methodology of synthesis, and characterization of quantum dots and nanowires, with special attention towards Dirac materials, whose electrical conduction and sensing properties far exceed those of silicon-based materials, making them strong competitors. The contributed reviews presented in this book touch on broader issues associated with the environment, as well as energy production and storage, while highlighting important achievements in materials pertinent to the fields of biology and medicine, exhibiting an outstanding confluence of basic physical science with vital human endeavor. The subjects treated in this book are attractive to the broader readership of graduate and advanced undergraduate students in physics, chemistry, biology, and medicine, as well as in electrical, chemical, biological, and mechanical engineering. Seasoned researchers and experts from the semiconductor/device industry also greatly benefit from the book’s treatment of cutting-edge application studies.Table of ContentsElectronic Structure and Charge Transport Properties of Low Dimensional Semiconductor Heterostructure Materials and Devices.- Electronic and Optical Properties of Nanoscale Semiconductor Materials: Heterostructure Quantum Dots and Nanowires.- Synthesis, Characterization and Modelling of Colloidal Quantum Dots.- Spin Dependent Thermoelectric Currents of Tunnel Junctions and other Nanostructures like Small Rings and Quantum Dots: Onsager Theory.- Quantum Dynamics and Statistical Thermodynamics of Nanostructured Dirac-Like “Diced” Lattice Green’s Function, Spectrum and Statistical Thermodynamics.- Exact Temperature and Density Dependencies of the Statistical Thermodynamic Functions of Pseudospin 1 Diced Lattice Carriers.- Quantum Dynamics and Landau Minibands in a 1D Quantum Dot Lattice.- Grassmann Stochastic Schrödinger Equations for Low Dimensional Open Fermionic Systems.- Topological Quantum States in Electronic Materials and Ultracold Atomic Gases.- Collective Spin Systems of Rydberg Atoms: Quantum Control of Entanglement.- Localized Exciton Emission in Low Dimensional Materials: Towards a Quantum Light Source.- Probing Dyakonov-like Surface Waves in Graphene Nanoribbon Twisted Arrays with Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy.- Atomistic Tight-Binding Study of Core/Shell Nanocrystals.- Nonlinear Optical Properties of Low-Dimensional Quantum Systems.- Superconducting Proximity in Dirac/Weyl Materials.- Landau Quantized Dynamics and Energy Spectra of Asymmetric Double-Quantum-Dot Systems.- Two-Dimensional Magnetoconductivity Tensor Subject to Landau Quantization and its Associated Magnetopolaritons.- Synthesis of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides.- Numerical Analysis of the Helmholtz Green’s Function for Scalar Wave.- Propagation Through a Nanohole on a Plasmonic Layer.-Near Zone Electromagnetic Wave Transmission Through a Nanohole in a Plasmonic Layer.- Reversible DC Electric Field Modification of Optical Properties of CdTe Nanocrystals.- Density Functional Theory Analysis of Optical and Elastic Properties of Al1 − xInxN/GaN Ternary/Binary Heterostructures.- Magnetic Nanostructure Studied by Synchrotron Radiation.- Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial-Based Biosensors.- Recent Applications of Microfluidics in Bionanotechnology.- Applications of Bioscience and Bionanotechnology.- Near Infrared Fluorescent Nanoparticles and Their Medical Applications.

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Book SynopsisThis book covers nanostructure materials for application as supercapacitors. It highlights the properties that make them ideal for energy storage applications. It reports approaches on their electronic, electrical, thermal properties to increase their specific surfaces in order to improve their electrical storage capacities. This book consolidates information on synthesis, characterization and application for supercapacitors with detailed characterization, mechanistic approaches and theoretical consideration. The progress in experimental and theoretical studies on various properties of nanomaterials and its polymer and other composites are described in detail.Table of ContentsPart 1: Fundamentals of Supercapacitors Chapter 1: Supercapacitors: An Introduction Chapter 2: Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitors Chapter 3: Pseudocapacitors Chapter 4: Hybrid Capacitors Chapter 5: Characterization Methods for Supercapacitors Chapter 6: Life Cycle Analysis of Supercapacitors Part 2: Nanostructured Materials for Supercapacitors Chapter 7: Activated Carbon Chapter 8: Carbon Nanotubes Chapter 9: Graphene Chapter 10: Transition Metal Oxides Chapter 11: Chalcogenides and Phosphides Chapter 12: Conducting Polymers Part 3: Templated Nanostructured Carbon Materials for Supercapacitors Chapter 13: Mesoporous Carbon Chapter 14: Microporous Carbon Chapter 15: Macroporous Carbon Chapter 16: Carbon Nanofiber Chapter 17: Carbon Aerogels Part 4: Nanostructured Hybrid Materials for Supercapacitors Chapter 18: Carbon-based Nano Composites Chapter 19: Metal Oxides based Nano Composites Chapter 20: Chalcogenides based Nano Composites Chapter 21: Conducting Polymers based Nano Composites Chapter 22: Other Nanocomposites Part 5: Electrolytes for Supercapacitors Chapter 23: Aqueous Electrolytes Chapter 24: Non-aqueous Electrolytes Chapter 25: Solid-State or Quasi-Solid-State Electrolytes Chapter 26: Redox-Active Electrolytes Part 6: Supercapacitors: Future Outlooks and Challenges Chapter 27: Flexibles Supercapacitors Chapter 28: Nanosupercapacitors Chapter 29: Supercapacitors: Lab to Industry Chapter 30: Future Direction and Challenges in Supercapacitors

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Book SynopsisThis book summarizes and provides a detailed overview of the enhanced mechanical and functional properties of bulk nanostructured metallic materials with respect to their potential applications.

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Book SynopsisPreface.- 1 State of the art of Nanotechnology.- 2 Miniturization Lab on chip point of care applications.- 3 Lab on a chip Nano devices for Medical Diagnosis.- 4 Point of care nanosensors for the diagnosis and management.- 5 Lab on a chip nanodiagnostic devices for infectious diseases.- 6 Recent Trends in the Nanotechnology based Point of Care Tests System for Infectious Diseases.- 7 Recent Trends in the Nanotechnology based Point of Care Tests System for Infectious Diseases.- 8 Artificial sensory organs to treat and improve the lifestyle of mankind.- 9 An overview of the development in nanomaterial based sensors for environmental applications and diagnostic devices.- 10 Magnetoresistance based nano-sensors.- 11 Application on Magnetic Nanomaterials as Biosensors.- 12 Nanomaterials Based Field Effect Transistor for Sensing Applications.- 13 Nanominiaturization for environmental applications.- 14 Miniaturized devices for waste water management.- 15 Future perspective of miniaturization lab-on-chip for environmental application.- 16 Nanoremediation: Miniature Technology for Sustainable Environment.- 17 Miniaturization Lab on Chip for Energy Applications.- 18 Miniaturization on chip Nano Energy applications.- 19 Nano Materials in Energy Sectors Tool for Green Technology.- 20 Nano structured Electronic Devices for Energy Conversion and Storage.- 21 Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) metal oxide nanocomposite materials: synthesis and applications.- 22 Health, Environmental and Socio economic Risks of Nanomaterials and Miniaturization Technology.- 23 Future prospective of Nanotechnology in miniaturization technology.- Index.

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Book SynopsisChapter 1 Nanomedicine Approaches in Oral Cancer: From Diagnosis to Therapy.- Chapter 2 Navigating Safety and Toxicity Challenges in Nanomedicine: Strategies, Assessment, and Mitigation.- Chapter 3 Nanomedicine's role in the COVID-19 vaccine development and optimization.- Chapter 4 Nanomedicine's Transformative Role in Advancing Cancer Treatment.- Chapter 5 Fabrication of Advanced Nanohybrid Materials and their Deployment in Electrochemical Sensing of Diverse Analytes.- Chapter 6  Nanomedicine: Bridging Nanoscience Innovations with Healthcare Solutions.- Chapter 7 Recent Advances in Nanotechnology for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer.- Chapter 8 Nanomedicine in Targeted Drug Delivery: Precision Therapeutics for Personalized Medicine.- Chapter 9 Nanomedicine in cardiovascular diseases: Diagnostic and therapeutic innovations for better health.- Chapter 10 Employing nano-extracellular vesicles (NEVs) as a potent therapy in ameliorating bone loss in Osteoporosis.- Chapter 11 Nanocellulose Scaffolds for Skin Tissue Engineering.- Chapter 12 Navigating Infectious Challenges: The Nanomedicine Era.- Chapter 13 Defining Nanomedicine Qualities for Optimal Therapeutic Applications.- Chapter 14 Theranostic Potential of Nanomaterials in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Insights into Biosensing, Drug Delivery & Tissue Engineering.- Chapter 15 Balancing Innovation and Responsibility: Ethical, Legal and Social Considerations in Nanomedicine.- Chapter 16 Exploring Nanomedicine Ventures and Latest Developments in Clinical Trials.- Chapter 17 Theranostics: Integrated Diagnostics and Therapy Using Nanomedicine.- Chapter 18 Navigating the nanoscale frontier: an in-depth introduction to the world of nanomedicine.

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Book Synopsis1. Introduction to Nanotechnology: Fundamentals and Methodologies.- 2. Nanoscale Materials and Their Properties.- 3. Plant Nanoparticle Interactions: Mechanisms and Dynamics.- 4. Uptake and Transport of Nanoparticles in Plants.- 5. Accumulation of Nanoparticles in Plants.- 6. Biological Impacts of Nanoparticle in Plant System.- 7. Nanotoxicology in Plant systems.- 8. Carbon nanomaterials in Plant Nanotechnology.- 9. Quantum Dots in Plant Systems.- 10. Mesoporous Nanoparticles Applications in Agriculture.- 11. Liposomes in Plant Nanotechnology.- 12. Dendrimers in Plant Nanotechnology.- 13. Nanogels Applications in Nutrient Delivery and Plant Growth Promotion.- 14. Characterization Techniques for Nanomaterials in Plant Science.- 15. Imaging and Spectroscopic Methods for Analyzing Nanoparticle-Plant Interactions.- 16. In Vivo Infiltration Techniques for Nanoparticle Delivery Research.- 17. Emerging Tools and Technologies in Plant Nanotechnology.

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Book SynopsisNanobionics: An Innovative Drive Towards Sustainable Agriculture.- Application and Future Prospective of Nanomaterials Towards Nano bionics.- Nanobionics and Nanomaterials: Impact on Soil Microbial Community and Functions.- Role of Nanobionics as Fertilizer in Horticulture.- Nanomaterials Based Agrochemicals Delivery: An Advanced Approach for Sustainable Agriculture.- Prospecting the Significance of Nanobionics in Crop Improvement.- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology for the Delivery of Agrochemicals.- Concern and Outputs of Nano-Enabled Agricultural Strategies on Food Quality.- Emerging Trends in Nanobionics for Endurable Agriculture.- Nano-fertilizer for Climate-Smart Agriculture: A Comprehensive Patent Analysis for Sustainable Soil Management Practices.- Biosafety and Regulatory Aspects of Nano-bionics in Agriculture and Allied Field.- Nano(bio)sensor Technologies: Fostering the Renaissance of Horticulture.- Interaction, Toxicity, and the Fate of Biosynthesized Nanoparticles in the Agroecosystem.- Harnessing Nanomaterials for Sustainable Agriculture: Unveiling Plant-Nanoparticle Interactions and Crop Improvement.- Advancing Food Science from Field to Fork: The Role of Nanobionics in Enhancing Safety, Quality, and Sustainability.

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Book Synopsis1. Manufacturing methods for microfluidic devices using microscale physics.- 2. A brief introduction to Micro-electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) and the process of manufacturing them.- 3. Bio MEMS.- 4. Micro Electromechanical Systems (MEMS) Based Microfluidic Devices for Biomedical Applications (micropumps).- 5. Integration of biosensors and microfluidics and their application.

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Book Synopsis1. Introduction to Nanotechnology in Modern Agriculture.- 2. Nanoparticle Synthesis and Modification for Plant Applications.- 3. Nanoencapsulation of Agricultural Inputs.- 4. Nanotechnology in Plant Disease Management.- 5. Nanosensors for Monitoring Plant Health.- 6. Nanotechnology for Soil Improvement and Plant Nutrition.- 7. Nanofertilizers for Precision Agriculture.- 8. Nanoparticle-Based Delivery Systems for Plant Nutrients and Stress Mitigation.- 9. Engineered Nanomaterials for Abiotic and Biotic Stress Tolerance in Plants.- 10. Nanotechnology Application in Crop Improvement.- 11. Nanoparticles for Crop Protection.- 12. Nanotechnology in Crop Breeding and Genetics.- 13. Nanoscale Nutrient Delivery for Hydroponics and Aeroponics.- 14. Nanotechnology applications in modern agriculture.- 15. Biosafety and Environmental Impact Assessment of Nanopesticides.- 16. Sustainable Agriculture and the Role of Nanotechnology.- 17. Ethical and Environmental Considerations in Plant Nanotechnology.- 18. Current trends of Nanoparticles in Insect Pest Management.- 19. Nanotechnology Solutions for Post-Harvest Challenges.- 20. Nanomaterials for Enhancing Fruit Yield and Quality.

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Book Synopsis1. Green Nanotechnology Applications for Ecosystem Sustainability.- 2. Harnessing the silica mesoporous nanoparticles for sustainable agriculture.- 3. Green nanotechnology in manufacturing processes.- 4. Sensors Containing Hybrid Nanomaterials to Access Environmental Pollution Level.- 5. Green nanotechnology to remedy oil spills.- 6. Green nanotechnology for water purification.- 7. Water and Wastewater Treatment by Membrane-Separation Technology and Nanofiltration Membrane Applications.- 8. Green nanotechnology in food packing and preservation.- 9. Green nanotechnology for harnessing energy.- 10. Applications of green-synthesized nanoparticles in agriculture.

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Book SynopsisPoly(lactic acid) blends in biomedical applications.- Poly(hydroxybutyrate)-based blends for potential medical applications.- Fully biobased polymer blend of polyamide and Poly(vinylcatechol) engineering applications.- Polylactide nanofibers/nano-TiO2 blends on biorecognition of anticancer drug daunorubicin Application.- Application of Nano ZnO - Blended Polymeric Membrane.- Oil palm starch with nano-silicon dioxide as binder for particle board.- PLA and silicone rubber blends films for packaging applications.- Thermoplastic starch based LLDPE films for active packaging.- Poly(methyl methacrylate)/polyphosphate blends for optical applications.- Poly(vinyl alcohol)/starch blend with nano silver for antibacterial applications.- Heat sealable soluble soybean polysaccharide/gelatin blend edible films for food packaging applications.- Amphiphilic alginate fiber blends for biomedical application.- Biodegradable polymers and green-based antimicrobial packaging applications.- Poly(lactic acid)/poly(vinyl acetate-co-vinyl alcohol) blends as biodegradable food packaging applicaitons.

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Book SynopsisPart 1: Role of Medicinal Plants in Nanoparticles Technology.- Green nanotechnology: Medicinal plants as nano-factories. Role of phytocompounds: Synergism between nanomaterial and medicinal plants.- Part 2: Application of Medicinal Plant-derived Nanoparticles Against Bacterial Pathogens.- Medicinal plant-derived nanoparticles against foodborne pathogens.- Medicinal plant-derived nanoparticles against Gram-negative bacteria.- Medicinal plant-derive nanoparticles against biofilm-forming bacteria.- Rise of Multiple Drug Resistant Bacteria: Need for alternatives.- Mechanistic insights: Behaviour of nanomaterial in bacterial environment.-  Part 3: Application of Medicinal Plant-derived Nanoparticles Against Fungal Pathogens.- Global burden of fungal infections and medicinal plant-based treatments.- Medicinal plant-derived nanoparticles against disease-causing fungi.- Medicinal plant-derived nanoparticles against pathogenic Candida species.- Part 4: Role of Medicinal Plant-derived Nanoparticles Against Cancers.- Emerging Hope Beyond Chemotherapy: Phyto-nanotechnology Fights Cancer.- Role of Medicinal Plant-derived Nanoparticles Against Cancers.- Boosting Immunotherapy: Nanoparticles aiding body’s defence.- Mechanism of Action: Nanoparticles targeting Tumors.- Part 5: Role of Medicinal Plant-derived Nanoparticles Against Chronic Diseases.- Shaping the Future of Chronic Diseases: A phyto-mediated natural approach.- Role of Medicinal Plant-derived Nanoparticles Against Chronic Diseases. Phytomediated nanoparticles and Diabetes.- Cardiovascular Health: Green Nanoparticles and heart health.- Neurodegenerative Diseases: Nanotechnology to Rescue.- Respiratory Disorders: Breath Healthy with Green Nanotechnology.

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Book SynopsisAn Introduction to mRNA Vaccines in Cancer Nanomedicine.- Machine-Learning Enhanced In Silico Screening: A Methodological Approach.- Supervised Machine Learning Implementation & Results.- Semi-Supervised Machine Learning Implementation & Results.- Discussion of Modeling Techniques, Practical Implications, and Prospective Developments.

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Book SynopsisIntroduction to Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials.- Principles and Methods of Green Synthesis.- Green Nanomaterials - An Agriculture and Circular Economy Alternative.- Green nanomaterials: Mechanisms of Action in Plant Systems.- Plant Stress.- Soil Interaction and Health.- Green Synthesized Nanofertilizers and Plant Growth Promoters.- Green Synthesized Nanotechnology in Pest and Disease Management.- Sustainable Nanofertilizers and Plant Nutrition.- Post-Harvest Applications of Green Synthesized Nanomaterials.- Environmental and Ecotoxicological Impact.- Ensuring Safe Nanotechnology: A Biosafety and Regulatory Perspective.- Economic and Sustainability Aspects.- Circular Economy Principles.- Circular Economy and Sustainability.- Sustainability and Economics.- Innovative Applications in Sustainable Agriculture.

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Book SynopsisMolecular Dynamics studies in the Pursuit of Excellent Artificial Metalloenzymes.- Enzyme-Polymer Hybrids for Chemoenzymatic Catalysis.- Metal Nanoparticles Biohybrids as Efficient Antimicrobial and Antiviral Agents.- Enzyme-Like Activity Artificial Metalloenzymes.- Noncanonical amino acids in the design of artificial metalloenzymes.- Catalysis in Protein Cages.- Lignin- and Cellulose-Based Materials as Potential Platforms for Enzyme Immobilization.- Insights into the Development of Artificial Metalloenzymes.

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Book SynopsisVarious nanoclusters and microparticles are considered in excited and ionized gases, as well as various processes with their participation. The concepts of these processes were developed 50 - 100 years ago mostly for dense media, and basing on these concepts, we analyze these processes in gases in two opposite regimes, so that in the kinetic regime surrounding atoms of a buffer gas do not partake in processesinvolving small particles, and the diffusion regime corresponds to a dense gas where interaction of small particles with a buffer gas subjects to laws of hydrodynamics. For calculation or estimation of the rates of these processes, we are based on the liquid drop model for small particles which was introduced in physics by N. Bohr about 80 years ago for the analysis of properties of atomic nuclei including the nuclear fusion and the hard sphere model (or the model of billiard balls) which was used by J. C. Maxwell 150 years ago and helped to create the kinetic theory of gases. These models along with the analysis of their accuracy allow one to study various processes, such as transport processes in gases involving small particles, charging of small particles in gases, chemical processes, atom attachment and quenching of excited atomic particles on the surface of a small particle, nucleation processes for small particles including coagulation, coalescence and growth of fractal aggregates, chain aggregates, fractal fibres and aerogels. Each analysis is finished by analytic formulas or simple models which allow us to calculate the rate of a certain real process with a known accuracy or to estimate this, and criteria of validity are given for these expressions obtained. Examples of real objects and processes involving small particles are analyzed.

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Book SynopsisThis fundamental book on interfacial phenomena forms the basis of application of interface and colloid science to various disperse systems. These include suspensions, emulsions, nano-dispersions, wetting, spreading, deposition and adhesion of particles to surfaces. These systems occur in most industrial applications, such as personal care and cosmetic formulations, pharmaceutical systems particularly for controlled and targeted delivery of drugs, agrochemical formulations and enhancement of their biological performance, paints and coatings as well as most food formulations. These applications are described in volume 2. The text is very valuable for formulation chemists, chemical engineers and technologies who are involved in such applications. In addition this fundamental text is also valuable for research scientists and Ph.D. students investigating various aspects of interface and colloid science.Table of ContentsFrom the Contents:

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Book SynopsisFocuses on basic aspects of nano/microfibers made by electrospinning with details on spinning recipes, characterization techniques and chemistry of the polymers in use. The basic understanding provided in the book, is useful for producing 1D and 3D fibrous structures with specific properties for applications, e.g. textiles, membranes, reinforcements, catalysis, filters or biomedical uses. Students and practitioners will find great value in the step by step instructions how to manufacture nanofibers. - Electrospinning equipment - History of electrospinning and nanofibers -characterization-fundamentals of electrospun fibers - Ready-made recipes for spinning solutions - Conditions for the productions of highly diverse fiber morphologies and arrangements - Chemistry of fiber forming materials

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