Nanotechnology Books

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Book SynopsisConnecting theory with real-life applications, this is the first ever textbook to equip students with a comprehensive knowledge of all the key concepts in bionanotechnology. By bridging the interdisciplinary gap from which bionanotechnology emerged, it provides a systematic introduction to the subject, accessible to students from a wide variety of backgrounds. Topics range from nanomaterial preparation, properties and biofunctionalisation, and analytical methods used in bionanotechnology, to bioinspired and DNA nanotechnology, and applications in biosensing, medicine and tissue engineering. Throughout the book, features such as ''Back to basics'' and ''Research report'' boxes enable students to build a strong theoretical knowledge and to link this to practical applications and up-to-date research. With over 200 detailed, full-colour illustrations and more than 100 end-of-chapter problems, this is an essential guide to bionanotechnology for any student studying this exciting, fast-develTrade Review'An excellent textbook for the interdisciplinary field of bionanotechnology. It is comprehensive and accessible to students from a wide variety of scientific backgrounds. The 'Back to Basics' boxes build a common knowledge base, while the 'Research Reports' boxes connect the fundamentals to current research.' Professor George Malliaras, University of Cambridge'Fruk and Krebs provide a well-written and readily accessible text on the emerging topic of Bionanotechnology, elegantly show-casing its trans-disciplinary nature and application impacts. The book's vibrant composition integrating worked examples and solutions fused with highlight applications in the form of research reports, makes it equally attractive for experienced researchers as well as newcomers to the field, including undergraduate students. The key concept sections only increase the well-rounded nature of the book, which is perhaps the most current up-date summary on the market. Mandatory reading - highly recommended.' Professor Christopher Barner-Kowollik, Queensland University of Technology'A really innovative feature of this textbook for advanced undergraduates or graduate students is the inclusion of numerous 'Research Reports' - synopses of recent research publications that quickly introduce both the potential of and the chemical underpinnings enabling the bionanotechnologies surveyed. The breadth of topics and principles covered, including the many 'Back to Basics' mini-introductions will make this a popular textbook for classes covering bionanotechnology in different departments, from chemistry and chemical engineering to materials science, physics, bioengineering and biomedical engineering.' Dr Aaron Lau, University of Strathclyde'When any new discipline surfaces, a new textbook is sure to appear, and this work addresses just such a void … This work, which brings several disciplines together, has much to offer as a teaching tool, and the effort is to be applauded. Though far from recreational reading, the volume offers an overview of the present state and future directions in applied nanobiology that is sure to be useful in the curriculum. A secondary use is as a reference work, and this is indeed a good one … Highly recommended.' F. W. Yow, Choice ConnectTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Introduction to bionanotechnology; 2. Nanomaterials: principles and properties; 3. Nanomaterials: classes and preparation strategies; 4. Biomolecules and scales of biological systems; 5. (Bio)functionalisation of nanomaterials; 6. Analytical methods in bionanotechnology; 7. DNA nanotechnology; 8. Bioinspired nanotechnology; 9. Nanomedicine: biotechnology in medicine; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis detailed and up-to-date guide to modern MOS structures describes important tools, cutting-edge models, novel phenomena and current challenges in measuring and improving the control of future MOS systems for transistor channels. Building up from basic electrostatics, it introduces the ideal MOS system, physical and electrical properties of high-k oxides, their dielectric constants, and energy offsets to semiconductors and metals, before moving on to electrical and physical characterization methods for high-k dielectric materials. Finally, real MOS systems are introduced: high-k dielectrics and interlayers, the influence of phonon dynamics, interface states and bulk traps, effective metal work functions, gate leakage phenomena and high mobility channel materials. Abstract concepts are supported by practical examples and critical comparison, encouraging an intuitive understanding of the principles at work, and presented alongside recent theoretical and experimental results, making thTable of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Basic properties of the MOS system; 3. Basic properties of the gate stack; 4. Electron states at MOS interfaces; 5. Carrier capture at bulk oxide traps; 6. Electrical characterization by Fermi-probe technique; 7. Electrical characterization by thermal action; 8. Characterization of oxide/silicon energy band alignment: internal photoemission and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; 9. Electron spin resonance; 10. MOS systems with silicon dioxide dielectrics; 11. MOS systems with high-k dielectrics; 12. Gate metals and effective work function; 13. Transmission probabilities and current leakage in gate oxides; 14. MOS systems on high-mobility channel materials.

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Book SynopsisThe widespread and increasing use of carbon nanotubes in scientific and engineering research and their incorporation into manufactured goods has urged an assessment of the risks and hazards associated with exposure to them. The field of nanotoxicology studies the toxicology of nanoparticles such as carbon nanotubes and has become a major growth area aimed towards risk assessment of nanoparticles. Compiled by a team of leading experts at the forefront of research, this is the first book dedicated to the toxicology of carbon nanotubes. It provides state-of-the-science information on how and why they are so potentially dangerous if breathed in, including their similarities to asbestos. The book examines various aspects of carbon nanotubes, from their manufacture and aerodynamic behaviour to their effects at molecular level in the lungs. It is invaluable to the many groups involved with research in this area, as well as to regulators and risk assessors.Trade Review"The authors provide state-of-the-science information on how and why carbon nanotubes are potentially dangerous if inhaled, and elaborate on their similarities to asbestos. As such, the book should be instructive to scientists and organizations involved with research in this area, as well as to regulators and risk assessors." American Institute of Chemical EngineersTable of Contents1. Carbon nanotube structure, synthesis and applications C. Singh and W. Song; 2. The aerodynamic behaviour and pulmonary deposition of carbon nanotubes A. Buckley, R. Smith and R Maynard; 3. Utilising the concept of the biologically effective dose to define the particle and fibre hazards of carbon nanotubes K. Donaldson, R. Duffin, F. Murphy and C. Poland; 4. CNT, biopersistence and the fibre paradigm D. Warheit and M. DeLorme; 5. Length-dependent retention of fibres in the pleural space C. Poland, F. Murphy and K. Donaldson; 6. Experimental carcinogenicity of carbon nanotubes in the context of other fibres K. Unfried; 7. Fate and effects of carbon nanotubes following inhalation J. Ryman-Rasmussen, M. Andersen and J. Bonner; 8. Responses to pulmonary exposure to carbon nanotubes V. Castranova and R. Mercer; 9. Genotoxicity of carbon nanotubes R. Schins, C. Albrecht, K. Gerloff and D. van Berlo; 10. Carbon nanotube-cellular interactions; macrophages, epithelial and mesothelial cells V. Stone, M. Boyles, A. Kermanizadeh, J. Varet and H. Johnston; 11. Systemic health effects of carbon nanotubes following inhalation J. McDonald; 12. Dosimetry and metrology of carbon nanotubes L. Tran, L. MacCalman and R. Aitken; Index.

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Book SynopsisThe first introductory book on the subject, this book will provide a complete grounding to this pioneering field for students and professionals across biomedical engineering, biology and medicine. It features a comprehensive overview of original work in this revolutionary field. Topics discussed include drug delivery, cell-material interaction and gene therapy, accompanied by real-world examples and over 100 illustrations. The book teaches readers how to design and test their own nanomedical systems for real-world applications in biomedical engineering, medicine and pharmacy. Presenting a thorough discussion of the science and engineering of nanomedicine, it discusses vital environmental, social and ethical impacts of this revolutionary technology. Including over 200 thought-provoking study questions, allowing the reader to self-assess their understanding, this book is a rich source of information that will be of interest and importance in nanomedicine.Table of Contents1. The need for new perspectives in medicine; 2. Nanomedicine: Single-cell medicine; 3. Targeted drug delivery; 4. Drug delivery cell entry mechanisms; 5. Nanomaterial cores for non-invasive imaging; 6. Attaching biomolecules to nanoparticles; 7. Characterizing nanoparticles; 8. Nanomedicine drug dosing; 9. Nanodelivery of therapeutic genes; 10. Assessing nanomedical therapies at the single-cell level; 11. Nanotoxicity at the single-cell level; 12. Designing nanodelivery systems for in-vivo use; 13. Designing and testing nanomedical devices; 14. Quality assurance and regulatory issues of nanomedicine for the pharmaceutical industry.

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Book SynopsisFrom quantum mechanical concepts to practical circuit applications, this book presents a self-contained and up-to-date account of the physics and technology of nanowire semiconductor devices. It includes a unified account of the critical ideas central to low-dimensional physics and transistor physics which equips readers with a common framework and language to accelerate scientific and technological developments across the two fields. Detailed descriptions of novel quantum mechanical effects such as quantum current oscillations, the metal-to-semiconductor transition and the transition from classical transistor to single-electron transistor operation are described in detail, in addition to real-world applications in the fields of nanoelectronics, biomedical sensing techniques, and advanced semiconductor research. Including numerous illustrations to help readers understand these phenomena, this is an essential resource for researchers and professional engineers working on semiconductor dTrade Review'This is a very interesting and advanced book that gives a deep introduction to and explanation of the physics behind nanowire transistors … It is well written, organized, and self-explanatory, and can be used as a reference by those who wish to enter into the field of nanowire and nanostructure-based electronics. The book has many up-to-date references and clear and precise text with plenty of figures and diagrams, and therefore is a fundamental resource. … This is a well-organized book wherein the preceding chapters are used as the basis for understanding the following ones. … [It] is suitable for graduate researchers in materials science and semiconductor devices as well as engineers who want deeper insight into the explanation of nanowire-based devices.' Joana Vaz Pinto, MRS BulletinTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Introduction; 2. Multigate and nanowire transistors; 3. Synthesis and fabrication of semiconductor nanowires; 4. Quantum mechanics in one-dimension; 5. Nanowire electronic structure; 6. Charge transport in quasi-1D nanostructures; 7. Nanowire transistor circuits; Index.

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Book SynopsisMagnetism in carbon nanostructures is a rapidly expanding field of current materials science. This comprehensive survey of the subject provides an in-depth understanding of both the fundamental nature of the topic, as well as its groundbreaking nanotechnological applications, of interest to anyone studying or working in the field.Trade Review'The aim of this book is to bring together the work of physicists, chemists, and materials scientists in a single, self-contained volume. This overview of current magnetic carbon nanostructure research is aimed primarily toward graduate students and researchers; ideally, readers will have an advanced undergraduate understanding of thermodynamics and quantum mechanics. Taking into account the varied backgrounds of his readers, however, Hagelberg first presents separate introductions to magnetism and carbon nanostructures. The remaining four sections, the book's core material, present intrinsic magnetism, magnetic transport phenomena, and composite materials. The author no doubt had to make some difficult decisions to keep the text to a reasonable length. Any concerns readers may have about scope, however, are ameliorated by a set of thorough appendixes and a website of additional material; the author has posted additional sections that provide deeper, more detailed content.' E. Kincanon, Choice'Hagelberg's interesting volume summarises and explains the progress that has been made in developing and understanding the magnetism found in carbon-containing materials. More than that, Hagelberg puts these new developments into context, carefully explaining the underlying physical principles … This is a thorough and clearly written account of a fast-moving field.' Stephen J. Blundell, Contemporary PhysicsTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Magnetic carbon nanostructures; Part I. Theories and Methods: 2. Basic notions of magnetism; 3. The tools: computational and experimental techniques; Part II. Carbon and its Nanoscale Allotropes: 4. Graphene; 5. Carbon nanotubes; 6. Fullerenes; Part III. Spin Effects in Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes: 7. Magnetic textures at edges and defect sites; 8. Spin-orbit coupling in carbon nanostructures; Part IV. Transport Phenomena: 9. Elements of spintronics; 10. Spin transport in carbon nanostructures; 11. Magnetotransport; Part V. Composite Materials: 12. Impurities; 13. Networks of carbon clusters; 14. Medical applications; Afterword; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisAn overview of the optical effects in solids, addressing the physics of various materials and their response to electromagnetic radiation. The discussion includes metals, semiconductors, superconductors, and insulators. The book begins by introducing the dielectric function into Maxwell''s macroscopic equations and finding their plane-wave solution. The physics governing the dielectric function of various materials is then covered, both classically and using basic quantum mechanics. Advanced topics covered include interacting electrons, the anomalous skin effect, anisotropy, magneto-optics, and inhomogeneous materials. Each subject begins with a connection to the basic physics of the particular solid, after which the measurable optical quantities are derived. It allows the reader to connect measurements (reflectance, optical conductivity and dielectric function) with the underlying physics of solids. Methods of analysing experimental data are addressed, making this an ideal resource foTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Introduction; 2. Maxwell's equations and plane waves in matter; 3. The complex dielectric function and refractive index; 4. Classical theories for the dielectric function; 5. Phonons; 6. A look at real solids; 7. Transmission and reflection; 8. Free-electron metals; 9. Optical excitations: quantum mechanics; 10. Kramers–Kronig relations and sum rules; 11. Superconductors; 12. Semiconductors and insulators; 13. Strongly interacting solids; 14. Nonlocal effects; 15. Anisotropic crystals; 16. Magneto-optics; 17. Inhomogeneous materials; Appendices; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisThe first book on the topic, this is a comprehensive introduction to the modeling and design of junctionless field effect transistors (FETs). Beginning with a discussion of the advantages and limitations of the technology, the authors also provide a thorough overview of published analytical models for double-gate and nanowire configurations, before offering a general introduction to the EPFL charge-based model of junctionless FETs. Important features are introduced gradually, including nanowire versus double-gate equivalence, technological design space, junctionless FET performances, short channel effects, transcapacitances, asymmetric operation, thermal noise, interface traps, and the junction FET. Additional features compatible with biosensor applications are also discussed. This is a valuable resource for students and researchers looking to understand more about this new and fast developing field.Table of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Review on modeling junctionless FETs; 3. The EPFL charge-based model of junctionless field-effect transistors; 4. Model driven design – space of junctionless FETs; 5. Generalization of the charge based model: accounting for inversion layers; 6. Predicted performances of junctionless FETs; 7. Short channel effects in symmetric junctionless double-gate FETs; 8. Modeling AC operation in symmetric double-gate and nanowire JL FETs; 9. Modeling asymmetric operation of double-gate junctionless FETs; 10. Modeling noise behavior in junctionless FETs; 11. Carrier mobility extraction methodology in JL and inversion mode FETs; 12. Revisiting the Junction FET: a junctionless FET with an ∞ gate capacitance; 13. Modeling junctionless FET with interface traps targeting biosensor applications; Appendix A. Design – space of twin gate junctionless vertical slit FETs; Appendix B. Transient off-current in junctionless FETs; Appendix C. Derivatives of mobile charge density with respect to VGS and VDS; Appendix D. Global charge density at drain in depletion mode; Appendix E. Global charge density at drain in accumulation mode; Appendix F. The EPFL Junctionless MODEL ver.1.0.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a comprehensive introduction to the design of compact and broadband fiber and waveguide devices using active-ion-doped photonic glasses. Combining cutting-edge theory with new applications, it shows how the complementarity of emission spectra of different active ions can be used in broadband fiber amplifiers and optical fiber communication, and describes how the quantum cutting of active ions can improve the match between the solar spectrum and the responsiveness of silicon cells. Mathematical modeling is used to predict the performance of photonic fiber and waveguide devices, and experimental data from glass doped with rare-earth ions is included. Offering unique insights into the state-of-the-art of the field, this is an ideal reference for researchers and practitioners, and invaluable reading for students in optoelectronics, electrical engineering, and materials science.Table of Contents1. Mathematical fundamentals of nonlinear-emission photonic fibers and waveguides; 2. Fundamentals spectral theory of photonic glasses; 3. Spectral properties of ytterbium-doped glasses; 4. Compact fiber amplifiers; 5. Photonic glass fiber laser; 6. Broadband fiber amplifiers and sources; 7. Photonic glass waveguides for spectral conversion; 8. Photonic glass waveguides for white light generation; Appendix 1; Appendix 2; Index.

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Book SynopsisLearn about the state of the art in building artificial membranes and synthetic biological devices, and in constructing mathematical models for their dynamics at multiple time and spatial scales with this comprehensive book. Drawing on recent advances in bioengineering and biochemistry, it describes how to engineer tethered bilayer lipid membranes, bioelectronic interfaces, high-resolution biosensors, and diagnostic devices for non-invasive cellular measurements and electroporation. Multi-physics models combining atomistic (molecular dynamics and coarse-grained molecular dynamics), mesoscopic (PoissonNernstPlanck), and macroscopic (reaction-rate theory) dynamics provide a complete structure-to-function description of these devices. Experiments and dynamic models explain how anti-microbial peptides penetrate membranes, how molecular machine biosensors built out of artificial membranes can detect femtomolar concentrations, and how electroporation can be controlled. Supported by atomisticTable of ContentsPart I. Background: 1. Motivation and outline; 2. Biochemistry for engineers: a short primer; 3. Engineered artificial membranes; Part II. Building Engineered Membranes, Devices and Experimental Results: 4. Formation of engineered tethered membranes; 5. Ion-channel switch biosensor; 6. Physiochemical membrane platforms; 7. Experimental measurement methods for engineered membranes; Part III. Dynamic Models for Artificial Membranes: Atoms-to-Device: 8. Reaction-rate constrained models for engineered membranes; 9. Reaction-rate constrained models for the ICS biosensor; 10. Diffusion constrained continuum models of engineered membranes; 11. Electroporation models in engineered artificial membranes; 12. Electroporation measurements in engineered membranes; 13. Electrophysiological response of ion channels and cells; 14. Coarse-grained molecular dynamics; 15. All-atom molecular dynamics simulation models; 16. Closing summary for part III: from atoms to device; Appendices: Appendix A. Elementary primer on partial differential equations (PDE); Appendix B. Tutorial on coarse-grained molecular dynamics with peptides.

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Book SynopsisGet to grips with the fundamental optical and optoelectronic properties of nanostructures. This comprehensive guide makes a wide variety of modern topics accessible, and includes up-to-date material on the optical properties of monolayer crystals, plasmonics, nanophotonics, UV quantum well lasers, and wide bandgap materials and heterostructures. The unified, multidisciplinary approach makes it ideal for those in disciplines spanning nanoscience, physics, materials science, and optical, electrical and mechanical engineering. Building on work first presented in Quantum Heterostructures (Cambridge, 1999), this volume draws on years of research and teaching experience. Rigorous coverage of basic principles makes it an excellent resource for senior undergraduates, and detailed mathematical derivations illuminate concepts for graduate students, researchers and professional engineers. The examples with solutions included in the text and end-of-chapter problems allows the students to use this Table of Contents1. Some trends in optoelectronics; 2. Materials for optoelectronic applications; 3. Electrons in quantum structures; 4. Light-semiconductor materials interaction; 5. Optics of quantum structures; 6. Electro-optics and nonlinear optics; 7. Light emitting devices based on interband phototransitions in quantum structure; 8. Devices based on intraband phototransitions in quantum structures and silicon optoelectronics.

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Book SynopsisDiscover a rigorous treatment of aerogels processing and techniques for characterization with this easy-to-use reference. Presents the basics of aerogel synthesis and gelation to open porous nanostructures, and the processing of wet gels like ambient and supercritical drying leading to aerogels. Describes their essential properties with their measurement techniques and theoretical models used to analyse relations to their nanostructure. Linking the fundamentals and with practical applications, this is a useful toolkit for advanced undergraduates, and graduate students doing research in material and polymer science, physical chemistry, and chemical and environmental engineering.Trade Review'an essential toolkit for aerogel chemistry encompassing both physics principles and engineering practices, suitable for advanced undergraduates and graduate students. The 14 well-conceived, masterfully executed chapters cover chemical synthesis, density, gels and gelation, morphology, and thermal and mechanical properties. Five useful appendixes offer more-rigorous mathematical treatments of selected topics in polymer physics and thermodynamics. For more than just the fun of it, the authors thoughtfully include preparative recipes for cooking up something of an aerogel storm. Nice! And the book is nicely priced. Highly recommended.' L. W. Fine, Choice ConnectTable of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Chemical Synthesis of Aerogels from Monomeric Precursors; 3. Chemical Synthesis of Aerogels from Polymeric Precursors; 4. Gelation; 5. Drying of Wet Gels; 6. Morphology of Aerogels; 7. Density – Models and Measures; 8. Specific Surface Area; 9. Pores and Pore Sizes; 10. Diffusion in Aerogels; 11. Permeability for Gases; 12. Thermal Properties; 13. Mechanical Properties of Aerogels; 14. How to Cook Aerogels: Recipes and Procedures.

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Book SynopsisOffering a unified presentation of both metamaterials and metasurfaces, this book builds from basic nanophotonic principles towards cutting-edge original research. This advanced textbook will be invaluable to students and researchers working in the fields of optics and nanophotonics.Table of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Electromagnetic (optical) properties of materials; 3. Metamaterials; 4. Metasurfaces; 5. Photonic crystals; 6. Nanophotonic applications of photonic crystals; 7. Plasmonics; 8. Building blocks for all-optical signal processing: Metatronics; 9. Selected topics of optical sensing; 10. Nanostructures for enhancement of solar cells; 11. Nanostructures for enhancement of thermophotovoltaic systems; Index.

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Book SynopsisUnderstand the principles, practices, and applications of bionanotechnologyThis hands-on textbook covers key aspects of bionanotechnology from an engineering perspective. The book delves into a wide variety of topics, including materials science, micro/nano fabrication, general physics, fluid flow, electromagnetics, thermodynamics, molecular biology, immunology, biochemistry, and organic chemistry.Developed from an advanced engineering course taught by its authors, Bionanotechnology: Engineering Concepts and Applications fully explains all of the underlying concepts and shows how that theory can be directly applied in practical applications. Readers will get examples, problem sets, real-world case studies, and engineering design methodologies that illustrate each concept.The book contains complete discussions on microfluidics, lab-on-a-chip devices, organ-on-a-chip devices, quantum dots, DNA/RNA technology, micro/nano fabrication techniques, the mo

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Book SynopsisNanotechnology is the study of the controlling of matter on an atomic and molecular scale and is also very diverse, ranging from extensions of conventional device physics to completely new approaches based upon molecular self-assembly. This book gathers and presents data on nanotechnology. Chapter One examines the role of atomic particles and nanoparticles in catalysis. Chapter Two reviews the preparations of nanoporous microelectrodes, their physical and electrochemical characterisation, their electrochemical behaviors, and their promising applications. Chapter Three studies controllable growth methods for device applications of gold nanorods. Chapter Four provides an overview of various antibody-nanoparticle conjugating modalities and their potential clinical application. Chapter Five reviews the numerous methods available to fabricate delivery systems depending upon the physicochemical properties of active ingredients and the polymers. Chapter Six discusses recent achievements in the field of development of different photoconverters (photodetectors and solar cells) based on nanoheterostructures with quantum dots of germanium on silicon.

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Book SynopsisNanomaterials (NMs) or nanoparticles (NPs) are the small objects which behave as a simple single unit ranging in size from 1-100 nm. Chapter One is intended to provide detailed information on various aspects of nanomaterials including the types, characterisation, methods of preparation, physicochemical properties, optical and thermal properties and various applications. Chapter Two provides comprehensive information regarding the characteristics, advantages, composition, methods of preparation, factors affecting formulation, characterisation, applications, safety and toxicological considerations and future prospects for the use and preparation of nanosponges (NS). In Chapter Three, the fundamentals and applications of the mainstream top-down nanolithography techniques, which have been successfully applied in the fabrication of the graphene-based nano devices (such as the graphene nano-ribbon electronics, graphene quantum dot devices, graphene-based nano sensors and so on) are described. And in Chapter Four, the detailed method of tuning the bias voltage effect and the force effect during the AFM electric lithography is introduced and analysed.

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Book SynopsisThis book gathers and presents data on nanotechnology. Major obstacles, drawbacks and challenges were analysed, and optimum solutions were provided / recommended for each individual nanomaterial in Chapter One, which also covers some technical analysis and sustainable uses of these materials in different industries. Chapter Two summarises recent advances in the fabrication, characterisation, properties, and applications of CB nanoparticles in various industries. The (simultaneous) twin polymerisation using diverse main-group and transition metal compounds as twin monomers, and additives like metal carboxylates or tin alkoxides to produce metal and metal oxide nanoparticle- as well as tin alloy-decorated porous carbon and silica hybrid materials is reported in Chapter Three. Several nanocomposites and products available in the market were studied in detail in Chapter Four to understand the Eol concepts of these materials and structures used for numerous product developments. Chapter Five summarises recent advances in the fabrication of nanoparticles, especially carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) and their inherent failure mechanism under various external loading conditions. Chapter Six utilises thermal performance-illumination experiment with intelligent dimensional analysis to study the green-energy device characteristics in high power heating sources, in order to reach the green recycling of energy efficiency and depict how to prepare the process of thermo-electric nanofluid and fill it into pipe to form a TEP device. Chapter Seven presents a summary of the fabrication of soft nanostructure by molecular self-assembly of synthetic peptides. The structural-parametric model, the solution of the wave equation of the electroelastic actuator and the calculation their transfer functions are presented in Chapter Eight.

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Book SynopsisIn this compilation, the authors discuss nanopowders, or powders with a particle size of less than 100 nanometers. Several nanopowder types have effectively been synthesized with potential applications as follows: Fe3O4 and BaFe6O19 (as magnetic materials, microwave absorbent, magnetic fluid and gel), SiO2 (as fillers to enhance mechanical strength), and CaCO3 (as coating for corrosive protection, food additives, cosmetics and drugs). This method allows for the production of high purity nanopowders with a moderately narrow crystal size distribution and unique morphology. Next, the innovative approaches to address the lightning strikes and EMI shielding effects on composite aircraft are examined, noting that composite aircraft protection against lightning is more complex due to the anisotropic nature of composite structure and high resistance of carbon in epoxy resins. The authors go on to present results of studies of composite electrochemical coatings modified by nano- and microparticles of various natures are presented, considering the operational properties and structural features of main types of composite coatings. Later, recent advances in synthesising highly ordered Titana nanotubes are explored, with regard to selection of suitable titanium based substrate and electrolyte apart from process parameters. These parameters include temperature, pH, voltage and applications in the areas of global warming , solar energy, photocatalytic applications, biomedical starting from implants to drug-eluding stents, sensors, and hydrogen storage. A chapter is presented on practical ways for fabricating cost-effective equipment for deposition of nanofilms, covering the most versatile techniques of sol-gel deposition and sputter-coating. The authors maintain that by applying individual ingenuity to the described frugal techniques, the reader should be able to form nanofilms of various materials with properties tailored to suit the intended application. Afterwards, the authors describe the soft, hard templated, and hierarchically ordered strategies concerning nanotechnology applied to fabricate porous carbon materials. Additionally, relevant advantages and disadvantages aim to provide the vital information about the growing field for future energy to minimize the potential environmental risks. Moving on, the authors introduce new research and related literature concerning the synthesis of cobalt diselenide (CoSe2) nanoneedle arrays for efficient hydrogen evolution electrolysis. Future aspects for improving the performance of transition metal dichalcogenide-based electrocatalytic electrodes are also examined. Lastly, a study on formation of nanoporous silicon and germanium layers with silver nanoparticles by low-energy high-dose ion implantation is presented. The authors suggest ion implantation for the formation of naoporous semiconductor thin layers, which could be easily combined with the crystalline matrix for various applications.

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Book SynopsisIn this compilation, the authors discuss a synergistic enhancement of electron and thermal conductivities of epoxy-based composites (CMs) with different hybrid fillers. Their investigation shows an increase of the thermal conductivity as compared to CMs with a single carbon filler. This increase is more pronounced for GNPs/BN fillers. However, the role of an interface thermal resistance is still dominant in the determination of the thermal conductivity of investigated epoxy composites. A subsequent chapter aims to present an overview of noteworthy functionalised materials that have been produced in recent years, in order to act as a guide for the future design of more efficient adsorbent materials. The authors also provide a review which could pave the way for the potential use of nanotechnology in the treatment of skin diseases. The potential implication of the nanotechnology-based cosmeceuticals could be significant and is warranted to be evaluated in long-term in vivo and clinical studies. Next, a transparent and flexible crystalline polymer nanohybrid was fabricated, containing well-dispersed magnetic nanoparticles with organic chain-modified surfaces. The partially fluorinated copolymer matrix used is composed of switchboard-type lamellae. These become transparent owing to the creation of high-density amorphous regions on drawing the corresponding film at just below the polymer melting point. Lastly, the book investigates double-diffusive convection in unsteady nanofluid flow over a moving surface in a porous medium in the presence of a chemical reaction and subject to thermal radiation. This study includes the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis.

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Book SynopsisThis book is divided into two sections. Section One covers the authors'' work on the synthesis and characteristics of the various carbon nanofibers and microcoils using chemical vapor deposition and electrospun technologies. This section includes Chapters One through Four. Chapter One is an introductory chapter which presents synthesis, properties and analysis of carbon nanofibers and microcoils prepared by chemical vapor deposition and electrospun technologies. Chapter Two introduces information for approaching electrospun carbon nanofibers (ECNFs) with superior mechanical strength from aligned and stretched polyacrylonitrile (PAN) copolymer nanofibers possessing high degrees of morphological and structural perfection. Chapter Three investigates the in-situ and ex-situ processes for the formation of geometrically controlled carbon microcoils and the practical application of carbon microcoils to the various nano/micro electronic or mechanical devices. Chapter Four discusses the synthesis and various characterizations of carbon nanofibers synthesized by catalytic chemical vapor deposition of halogenated hydrocarbons. Section Two deals with the recent advances in materials synthesis and characterization of carbon nanofibers and their applications such as Li secondary batteries, supercapacitors and heavy metal remediation in ground and wastewater. This section includes chapter Five through Ten. Chapter Five presents preparation and characterization of carbon nanofibers (CNFs), CNFs-Si, and CNFs-(PC)Si composites synthesized by the Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) method using transition metal catalysts and applications to anode materials of Li secondary batteries. Chapter Six introduces a synthesis and characterization of carbon nanofibers and Si/carbon nanofiber composites based on Ni and Mo catalysts prepared for the anode material of Li secondary batteries. Chapter Seven discusses the electrophoretic deposition of Ni and Cu catalysts on C-fiber textiles for the growth of carbon nanofibers and coating of silica by the hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate on carbon nanofibers, and finally applications to the anode materials for Li secondary batteries. Chapter Eight presents synthesis and characterization of transition metal coated carbon nanofibers on Ni foam via CVD followed by a dipping method and electrochemical performance as anode materials for Li secondary batteries. Chapter Nine introduces a design of hierarchical porous carbon materials containing various metal oxides as an electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors. Chapter Ten discusses an innovative carbon nanofibrous composite material prepared by the electrospun method and its application for efficient heavy metal pollutant remediation in contaminated groundwater as well as in wastewater treatment.

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Book SynopsisThe volume explores the emerging science of nanotechnology which deals with the understanding of the fundamental physics, chemistry, biology, material science and technology of nanometer scale objects, which has become a central pillar for the next generation medical challenges such as developing tiny nanodevices, as well as for food technology. There is no doubt that the development of emerging nanotechnology based nanomedicine, nanodevices for diagnostics and therapy, drug delivery systems and other applications are fast growing research areas for chemistry, biology, physics, medicine and different disciplines of engineering. On the other hand, due to the possible use in human health and food technology, the same emerging technology might raise new ethical issues and therefore require careful analysis of ethical aspects. To summarize the recent growth, the first volume in the Nanotechnology: Principles, Applications and Ethical Considerations series discusses the basic science behind the emerging technology, which is necessary to understand how these tiny materials can be used in our daily lives. This book provides a state-of-the-art overview of this rapidly-expanding and fascinating field from the molecular level to possible applications in the medical field. It contains eight chapters written by world renowned experts in this area, covering from basic science to possible nanomedicine designs, which can have numerous applications in our society. This book is unique in its design and content, providing a depth of science for readers that will help them understand the benefits and limitations of nanotechnology as well as its ethical and social implications.

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Book SynopsisThe first-principle approach is designed for the interpretation of the experimental observations and prediction of properties for new nanomaterials. The understanding of physical phenomena requires a description at the atomic scale where size and geometric organization play important roles. The major challenge is to model systems as close as possible to those developed in the laboratory. The complexity both in terms of the geometric structure and chemical composition that comprise the modeling of such systems requires an entire panel of approaches ranging from semi-empirical methods to ab initio methods. At the atomic scale, the elementary bricks of the buildings are atoms. The cohesion and dynamics of these buildings are the result of interactions between these atoms. Two major classes of modeling techniques for these buildings can be distinguished: Electronic structure calculations and molecular simulation methods. Molecular simulation methods are limited in their application since they cannot be used to model properties that depend on the electronic structure. As part of the electronic structure calculations, the building is described by the notion of wave function. One of the fundamental tasks of quantum physics is to solve a differential equation according to the electronic, nuclear and spin coordinates via the Schrödinger equation. The resolution of this equation in analytical form is impossible, except in the case of hydrogenites. Different numerical resolution methods have been developed based on a series of simplifications and successive approximation techniques. Once solved, this equation gives the total energy of the system, the associated wave function, and the energies of the electronic states. These methods are applied at a temperature of zero and at a fixed pressure. There are several families of methods: Semi-empirical methods, Hartree-Fock (HF) methods and density functional (DFT) methods. From the dependence of the total energy on the volume of the mesh, we can deduce the equilibrium crystalline parameters, the modulus of rigidity or the enthalpy of formation. Finally and above all, they allow, through studies of electronic structure, to identify the phenomena that govern the substitutions. In other words, thanks to the fundamental laws of quantum physics, it is possible to compute macroscopic properties from microscopic information. The interface between the first-principle and experimental design could provide a way to answer a lot of problems and open questions on the physical properties of nanomaterials. The purpose of this book is to propose some ideas to answer the most important question in the design of nanomaterials (OD,1D and 2D) for nanotechnology application, namely, nanomaterials for spintronic application, nanomaterials for solar energy technologies application, magnetic refrigeration applications, switchable materials application and nanomedicine applications. Additionally, the author will discuss the correlation between the first-principle and experimental design to see how the properties of the yet-to-be-synthesized nanomaterials can be predicted. Based on experimental and on first-principle calculations design, the author will discuss structural, optical and magnetic properties of new nanomaterials. New physical properties will be discussed in nanomaterials recently observed, and this creates new opportunities for development and construction of a new nanomaterial for nanotechnology applications.

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Book SynopsisThis book is devoted to the computer modeling of two-dimensional materials consisting of no more than two sheets of graphene or silicene. The results of the investigation of the mechanical and thermal properties of such ultrathin films that are in a free-standing state and, also, located on substrates of silver, copper, and graphite are presented. The thermal stability of copper, nickel, and aluminum films of monatomic thickness on graphene has been studied. The calculated data on the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity of single-layer graphene and silicene are presented. The excellent adsorption properties of graphene allow one to use it as a filter. A method for purifying graphene from heavy metals (copper, lead, and mercury) is proposed and implemented in a computer experiment by bombarding a contaminated graphene film on a copper substrate by clusters of noble gases with energies from 5 to 30 eV at various angles of incidence. This method of purifying graphene from mercury is compared with the method of heating this toxic metal deposited on graphene. The book is aimed at creating new composite materials with the use of graphene and silicene. Considerable attention is paid to the creation of high-capacity, rapidly cyclic, long-lived anodes of ionic batteries. Graphene and silicene can be used as anode materials of lithium-ion batteries, while their charge capacity sharply increase and the charging time is shortened. Here, the authors describe the results of the passage of lithium ions through graphene and silicene membranes. Vacancy defects form the holes in these membranes. Further development of electrochemical current sources is constrained due to the lack of suitable anode material. Graphene, and especially silicene, are the main materials for designing the anode of a lithium-ion battery. This book describes computer experiments involving the passage by lithium ions through the graphene, silicene, and silicene-graphene channels formed by corresponding perfect sheets and sheets containing vacancy defects. The processes of intercalation and deintercalation of lithium into silicene channels of various degrees of defectiveness located on a silver and copper substrate are considered. The lithium ion moving in the electric field along the channel is considered as a probe for determining the detailed structure of the channel. This approach allows us to investigate the surrounding of the ion by both Si-rings and Si-polyhedra. The prospect of using silicene on pyrolytic graphite as an anode material is examined. Computer tests are supported by the calculation of the energy, kinetic and mechanical characteristics of the functional elements of the anode. In each case, all components of the stress tensor of a two-dimensional material are determined. This book will be useful for scientists, graduate students, and students who are interested in the actual use of unique two-dimensional materials in the form of graphene and silicene. This book may interest technologists engaged in the field of electronics and the creation of electrochemical current sources, materials scientists, researchers using low-energy cluster beams, and specialists in the field of computer modeling. This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation [the grant number 16-13-00061].

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Book SynopsisThis book is partially composed of short communications -- proceedings of international symposium "Nanophysics and nano-engineering 2017" (venue: Mining university), and full-sized chapters, covering selected topics in depth. A variety of phenomena are described in this book. Smart nanostructured coatings, methods of synthesis based on both "top to bottom" (plasma deposition, remote methods) and "bottom to top" approaches are covered, as well as modeling approaches and analytical techniques. As before, ecological issues are highly addressed, such as materials for water purification and pollution prevention. Permanent interest in fullerenes as to one-dimensional carbon-based structures arises from their ability to be relatively easily modified by species of interest, for the purpose of bio-substrate delivery. Graphite exfoliation is utilised as a method to produce graphite nanoparticles and the modelling of fullers is reported. Issues of dielectric relaxation of solids have been a stunning topic for at least a few decades, and even now the interest in the dielectric relaxation approach seems to increase. This is because of the sensitivity of this non-destructive method to the conformational changes of flexible molecular moieties, brushes, and interchain segments. This avenue was focused on materials appliances of the method and technical development of the method and resolution, as well as the materials studied. Semiconductor technologies discussed in the book were related to developing solar concentrator systems (silicon technologies), heterojunction solar cells of eutectic gallium arsenide solid solutions for the development of alternative heterostructures based on the tunneling effect. "Exotic" semiconductors -- diamonds with delta-doped layers known for their high temperature resistance -- are studied via capacitance measurements. Directional crystallisation was studied to produce rear-Earth compounds with anisotropic properties for the application of thermoelectric materials. Findings in sorption properties of clay minerals with singlet oxygen is underestimated as global in terms of environmental factors. Oil shale and oil shale ash Baltic basin studies are reported. Materials with magnetic properties synthesised by the sol-gel method are based on varrium-titanium ceramic and are studied via a variety of powerful experimental methods: SEM, XRD, SAXC, and SAPNS. Findings in the surface modification of zinc oxide films are modified by selenium. A special experimental setup is made possible using an ambient pressure approach without isolating the atmosphere to synthesise the hierarchically ordered surface structure. Interface properties related to water absorption on an aluminum surface are analyzed, and they are of interest for tribology applications of organopolymer compositions. Composite nanostructured materials for solar concentrator systems are discussed, as well as compounds for thermionic energy converters. It is believed that this book provides an unbiased sketch of progress in nanotechnology and related areas.Table of ContentsFor more information, please visit our website at:https://novapublishers.com/shop/applied-aspects-of-nanophysics-and-nano-engineering/

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Book SynopsisNanotechnology is the novel technology that enables the control of matter at dimensions of roughly 1 to 100 nanometers, where exclusive phenomena allow novel systems and applications to arise. In other words, nanotechnology is the art and science of manipulating atoms, molecules and matter at nanometric length scales, to create new systems, materials, and devices. The field of nanotechnology delivers opportunities and challenges for scientists and technologists for the development of new materials and systems with greater functionality and speed. The rapidly emerging innovations in nano systems have enabled the creation of new sensors, transducers and measurement devices with great improvements in sensitivity, specificity and accuracy, along with significant size reductions. Nanotechnology and nano engineering stand to produce significant scientific and technological advances in diverse fields including medicine and physiology, automation, space research, and sensor technology. Also, recent advances in computational nanoscience enables scientists and technologists to study nano materials and nano systems more efficiently with the help of mathematical models and simulation techniques. This edited book aims to provide useful scientific discussions on the recent advances in nano systems and computational techniques covering topics in the diverse fields of biomedical engineering, automobile engineering, mechatronics, materials technology and renewable energy.Table of ContentsFor more information, please visit our website at:https://novapublishers.com/shop/advances-in-nano-instrumentation-systems-and-computational-techniques/

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Book SynopsisCellulose is the most important and naturally abundant organic biopolymer in the biosphere. It is the basic structural component of plant cell walls. Cellulose based materials have been utilized by our society as engineering materials for thousands of years and their use continues today as verified by the enormity of the worldwide industries. In recent decades, the conversion of renewable lignocellulosic biomass and natural biopolymers into chemicals, liquid fuels and feed supplements has gained considerable attention. In addition, the gradual depletion of petroleum resources, the lack of space for landfills, concerns over emissions during incineration, and environmental pollution caused due to accumulation of these non-destructible solid wastes has spurred efforts to develop high performance materials which are eco-friendly and sustainable. Keeping in mind the advantages of the bio-based materials from cellulose, this volume, edited by Tri-Dung (T.-D.) Ngo, includes cellulose from the micro- (cellulose fiber) to nanoscale (nanocellulose). This book focuses on the chemistry, production, properties and applications of the cellulose materials in various areas. From the view of sustainable development, the new materials associated with cellulose bio-renewable sources are enormously being addressed. In addition, nanotechnology is a rapidly evolving area of development, as science, engineering and technology have merged to bring nanoscale materials much closer to reality. The book also summarizes the recent developments made in the area of advanced bio-nanomaterials, chemical functionalization of celluloses from the micro- to nanoscale, and their processing and successful utilization for selected applications. A number of critical issues and suggestions for future work are discussed, underscoring the roles of researchers for the efficient development of advanced bio-nanomaterials through value addition to enhance their use.

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Book SynopsisThe first chapter discusses the three major types of nanocomposites: metal, polymer, and ceramic matrix. Characteristics of different types of nanocomposites and their potential applications are presented briefly as well. Following this, the authors examine the increasing use of engineered nanomaterials in consumer and industrial products that has aroused global concern regarding their fate in biological systems, resulting in a demand for parallel risk assessment. This compilation also contains numerous approaches for targeted drug delivery systems using various options, particularly those involving the incorporation of nanocomposite materials. The basics on the Hubbard model in 1D and 2D and its applications in work on nanomaterials is presented. These applications concern electrical transport properties and optical properties of nanomaterials. The authors provide a review of recent research on the effect of various polymers incorporation in thin films on optical, structural, electrochemical and other properties of thin films. An overview of biocompatible and biodegradable polymer based bone scaffold materials is provided, along with their synthesis, characterisation, applications, advantages and short comings in the field of biomedical engineering application. Besides the effect of porosity, pore size, interconnectivity, microstructure of the scaffold on bone tissue engineering are evaluated in this section. Later, the generalized structural-parametric model, the solution of the matrix equations of the multilayer electroelastic actuator for the mechatronics and the nanotechnology and the calculation their transfer functions are presented by the authors. The concluding chapter assesses some common multiscale methods developed while stating some of the computational merits in multiscale simulations compared to large-scale atomistic simulations.Table of ContentsFor more information, please visit our website at:https://novapublishers.com/shop/advances-in-nanotechnology-volume-22/

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Book SynopsisForensic Science is an interdisciplinary subject that uses principles and methodologies of various subjects including chemistry, biology, physics, geology, psychology, social science and engineering to help law enforcement agencies to enforce criminal laws and regulations to resolve civil and criminal cases. Body fluids, fingerprints, footprints, illicit drugs, explosives etc. are the evidences that can be found at the scene of crime in trace amount. These evidences are first analysed through screening and then confirmatory methods. During this process, the probability of sample loss is very high, especially when a sample amount is inadequate and therefore does not meet minimum requirement to analyse it. Generally, scientists discuss new-fangled nanotechnology research and its conversation turns to the commercial aspects or potential issues around health, safety, and the environment. In recent years, some of them have shown their interest to integrate nanotechnology with basic sciences and applied for forensic purposes, which are shifting the paradigm of forensic investigation process. Introduction of Forensic Nanotechnology as Future Armour is the first comprehensive book to consider both fundamental and applied aspects of forensic nanotechnology. This emerging field of forensic science investigates real-time crime scenes and terrorist activities, inquiries, detects the presence of explosive materials, biological indicators, document preservation, fingerprint enhancement and food adulteration using nanomaterial. Scientists and researchers are working on nanotechnology applications that may steer the power of forensic investigation, but the challenges to bring them from lab to the courtroom remain persistent. Moreover, some crucial concerns in forensic science such as analysis cost and time, methods' effectiveness and wide availability and results' accuracy and reliability are creating obstacles in forensic investigation and security. In this book we requested to enrich the scientific content as state-of-the-art in terms of application of nanotechnology in forensic science. In this way, all chapters will emphasise the emerging field of research to solve crime with the help of nanotechnology in various fields of forensic science like detecting explosives, biological indicators, document preservation, latent fingerprint and food adulteration. The integration of laboratory processes onto a nano platform is conceivably the most interesting advancement of nanotechnology highlighted in this book and some more issues like recent research developments, challenges and future opportunities are also addressed in this book. The book is written for a wide readership including researchers, undergraduate and graduate students from diverse backgrounds such as chemistry, materials science and nanotechnology engineering, physics, life sciences, forensic science, and biomedical engineering. It can be used not only as a textbook but also as a review and reference book. However, because many other nano technological applications for forensic analysis are yet to be studied, this book can be helpful to explore new opportunities. We hope that the chapters of this book will provide the reader with valuable insight as a revolutionary, protective tool in the fields of virtopsy, crime scene investigation, identification, forensic biology and toxicology. We also hope that after reading this book, researchers around the world will be motivated to enter into the field of forensic nanotechnology.

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Book SynopsisThis compilation opens with a discussion on the state of the art of the most representative mesostructured materials based on silicon dioxide used in diverse applications, and focusing on the synthesis, functionalization, and characterization of such materials. Following this, the authors present examples of success in using polymeric nanoparticles, as well as methods for their formation and physicochemical analysis required prior to perform safety and efficacy biological tests. Various mechanisms of silver nanoparticles contribute to their cytotoxicity, including generation of reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, and activation of signaling events leading to inflammation, apoptosis, and necrosis. As such, the authors propose that future efforts be focused on the development of less toxic silver nanoparticles. Continuing, graphene and its by-products are defined and the mechanism of electromagnetic waves absorption via graphene-based substrates and nanocomposites is presented. Various kinds of graphene-based electromagnetic shields are examined and their performances compared. Physicochemical characterizations of the nanoemulsions are performed, including analysis over a period time to monitor the maintenance of these characteristics during storage. Next, a series of topics regarding electromagnetic wave shielding theory, sample fabrication methods, and characterization of the shielding materials are presented and experimental programs reported in the literature are reviewed. In conclusion, the authors present results of investigations concerned with the impact of rhodamine-B deposition on the surface of porous silicon on the chemical composition and optical properties of this system.Table of ContentsPrefaceMesostructured Porous Nanoparticles Based on SiO2. Synthesis, Characterization and ApplicationsPolymeric Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications: From Bench to ShelfApplications of Silver Nanoparticles in Medicine and DentistryGraphene-Based Nanocomposites as Potential Electromagnetic ShieldsPhysicochemical Evaluations for Nanoemulsion CharacterizationElectromagnetic Interference Shielding Cementitious Materials with Carbon Nanomaterials: A ReviewThe Study of Distinctions in the Deposition of Organic Dye Rhodamine-B on the Surface of Porous Silicon with Different Pore SizesIndex.

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Book SynopsisIn this collection, the authors begin by presenting recent progress and preparation of cellulose nanocrystals. Additionally, different applications of cellulose nanocrystals as polymeric scaffold material, reinforcement fillers, rheology modifiers, and in electronics are reviewed and discussed. Also provided are detailed descriptions on: cellulose nanocrystals isolation methods, characterization, and properties; current and future trends in terms of development of cellulose nanocrystals for various applications; concluding remarks on cellulose nanocrystals major uses in advanced engineering applications. In view of the rising interdisciplinary research being carried out on cellulose nanocrystals, the authors assemble the knowledge available about the chemical structure, sources, physical and chemical procedures for the isolation of cellulose nanocrystals. In closing, this book gives a brief, up-to-date introductory review on cellulose nanocrystals synthesis, up research in polymer-based cellulose nanocrystals nanocomposites, and their applications and challenges.Table of ContentsPrefaceCellulose Nanocrystals -- Sources, Preparation, and Applications: Research AdvancesReview On: Current Research Applications of Cellulose Nanocrystals, Its Sources, Fabrication Methods, and PropertiesCellulose Nanocrystals from Bioresources and Their ApplicationsCellulose Nanocrystals and Its Application in Polymer Nanocomposite for Drug DeliveryIndex.

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Book SynopsisThis book covers a wide field of theoretical and experimental investigations of organic and inorganic systems: preparation methods, functional properties characterization and modification and practical applications. The first section includes studies in carbon structures of reduced dimensionality. Covered topics are: thermodynamic modeling of the behavior of fullerenes at heating in Argon, studying carbon nanotubes by X-ray diffraction, modelling of oscillating systems by cognitive digital systems. The number of chapters describes the structural investigations of a wide variety of materials such as different sorts of steel in grained modification for mining equipment, elements of rock-breaking, crushing and grinding equipment; degradation of dielectrics, including nanostructured dielectrics, by migratory polarization. Quantum chemical calculations were traditionally of a special interest of modelling nanostructured nuclei's. This method was applied to study titanium and vanadium nanocoating's formation from gas phase and to study quaternary ammonium compounds for modification of metal surfaces. Quantum-chemical calculations in bio-medical aspect made possible visualization ischemia-reperfusion injury using indocyanine green. The final paper in the section contains a scientific essay, where peculiarities of quantum mechanics are traversed through findings of nanotechnology. Section 2 includes the chapters related to preparation methods for the materials containing various components. It is opened by research of nanoporous alumina, which is a promising material for printed circuit boards. Heat flow distribution was found to possess some interesting features. Physical properties of electrochemically grown metallic filaments studied by electron microscopy anddiversity from dendritic to fractal structure was described. Fractal thematic was also addressed with simulation of breakdown in plasma channel. Section 3 is focused on the possibility of using new nanomaterials of different composition and design as powders for corundum ceramics, perfluorsulfonic membranes, refining noble methods from ultrafine valuable components, metals regeneration from oxide, and surface nanostructuring laser mechanisms. Mentoring aspect - education of the young researchers involved in nanoscience and technology -- is covered in chapter "Students Training on "Nanoengineering", which is also a very important and promising scientific field.Table of ContentsPreface; Introduction; Modeling of Fullerenes C32 Heating in Argon: Thermodynamic Computer Experiment; Cluster Model of Graphitized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes; Transformation Modeling of Nanostructures by Cognitive Systems According to Big Smart Data; Grain Size Reduction in the Material Structure as an Effective Method of Increasing the Wear Resistance of Quick-Wear Elements of Mining Equipment; Degradation of Ionic Dielectrics under the Influence of Migratory Polarization; Nanodiagnostics of Construction Materials; The Influence of the Relative Concentrations of VOCl3 and TiCl4 Vapors in the Gas Mixture on the Composition of Vanadium-Titanium-Containing Nanocoatings on the Silica; Quantum-Chemical Modeling of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds for Modification of Metal Surface; Quantum-Chemical Justification of Using Indocyanine Green for Intravital Visualization of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury; Spectral and Kinetic Parameters of Triplet States of Acylic Derivatives Polycyclic Hydrocarbon; Some Peculiarities of Nanoworld from the Position of Modern Quantum Mechanics; Thermal Flows in a PCB from Aluminum with Alumina Oxide Generated by a Linear Heat Source; Using the Method of SEM Image Processing to Study the Morphology of Porous Anodic Alumina Films; Radial Distribution of the Thermoelectric Parameters in BixSb2-xTe3 Solid Solution Produced by Hot Extrusion; Nanoscale Range Metals Filamentous Powders of Cubic System; Characterization of Microplasma Breakdown in Semiconductor Structures Based on Fractal Analysis; Activation of the Surface of Alumina Powders for Sintering Ceramics; Porous Structure and Sorption Capacity of Perfluorosulfonic Membrane MF-4SK; On the Use of Microwave Treatment of Gold-Containing Concentrates for Its Efficient Processing; Regeneration of the Metal Oxidizer in the Near-Surface Layer as the Most Successful Variant of the Macrocycle in the Mechanism of Heterogeneous Heterophase Oxidation of the Metal; Research of Nanostructuring of Metal Surfaces by the Nanobar Code Processing; Raman Spectroscopy as a Method for Studying the Composition of Films of Compounds AIIBVI, AIIIBV on a SiC/Si Heterostructure; Mott-Schottky Analysis of Multi-Layered Graphenes for Application in Electrochemical Charge Storage Devices; Investigation the Absorption Spectra of Dialysate Output Line in the Hemodialysis Process to Create Biosensors; Professional Orientated Education System on Nanoengineering; Index.

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Book SynopsisThe Quantum Wires (QWs) occupy a central position in the whole field of nanoscience and technology. In this edited book, in Chapter 1, the Fowler-Nordheim Field Emission from QWs has been studied and, in Chapter 2, the Effective Mass in Heavily Doped (HD) QWs has been investigated. The importance of Dispersion Relations is already well-known since the inception of Solid State Science, which has been studied in Chapter 3 in QWs of technologically important Non- Parabolic compounds. The Diffusivity Mobility Ratio and the Magneto Thermoelectric Power in QWs have been investigated in Chapters 4 and 5, respectively. In Chapters 6 and 7, the density-of-states function in HD superlattices in the presence of electric field has been explored as well as the Quantum Capacitance in Quantum Wire Field Effect Transistors. The importance of Einstein's Photoemission is already well-known and has been studied from Heavily Doped QWs in Chapter 8. In Chapter 9, the Magnetic susceptibility in the Magnetic Susceptibilities in QWs has been explored and, lastly, Chapter 10 discusses the Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle (HUP) and the Carrier Contribution to the Elastic Constants in HD Opto electronic QWs. This edited book is written for graduate and post graduate students, researchers, engineers and professionals in the fields of mechanical engineering, electrical and electronic engineering, semiconductors and related areas, nano-electronics, condensed matter physics, solid state sciences, materials science, nanoscience and technology and nano-structured materials in general.Table of ContentsDedication; Preface; Acknowledgements; Quantum Wires and Fowler-Nordheim Field Emission; The Effective Mass in Heavily Doped Quantum Wires; Dispersion Relations in Quantum Wires of Non-Parabolic Semiconductors; The Diffusivity Mobility Ratio in Quantum Wire Superlattices; The Magneto Thermoelectric Power in Quantum Wires in the Presence of Microwave Radiation; On the Simplified Expression of the Density-Of-States Function in Heavily Doped Superlattices in the Presence of Electric Field; The Quantum Capacitance in Quantum Wire Field Effect Transistors; Einsteins Photoemission from Heavily Doped Quantum Wires; Quantum Wires and Magnetic Susceptibilities; The Heisenbergs Uncertainty Principle and the Carrier Contribution to the Elastic Constants in Heavily Doped Opto Electronic Quantum Wires; About the Editor; Index.

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Book SynopsisBiocatalytic Technology & Nanotechnology

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Book SynopsisNanotechnology is a ''catch-all'' description of activities at the level of atoms and molecules that have applications in the real world. A nanometre is a billionth of a metre, about 1/80,000 of the diameter of a human hair, or 10 times the diameter of a hydrogen atom. Nanotechnology is now used in precision engineering, new materials development as well as in electronics; electromechanical systems as well as mainstream biomedical applications in areas such as gene therapy, drug delivery and novel drug discovery techniques. This book presents the latest research in this frontier field.

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Book SynopsisNanotechnology is a ''catch-all'' description of activities at the level of atoms and molecules that have applications in the real world. A nanometre is a billionth of a meter, about 1/80,000 of the diameter of a human hair, or 10 times the diameter of a hydrogen atom. Nanotechnology is now used in precision engineering, new materials development as well as in electronics; electromechanical systems as well as mainstream biomedical applications in areas such as gene therapy, drug delivery and novel drug discovery techniques. This book presents the latest research in this frontier field.

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Book SynopsisNanotechnology is a "catch-all" description of activities at the level of atoms and molecules that have applications in the real world. A manometre is a billionth of a meter, about 1/80,000 of the diameter of a human hair, or 10 times the diameter of a hydrogen atom. Nanotechnology is now used in precision engineering, new materials development as well as in electronics; electromechanical systems as well as mainstream biomedical applications in areas such as gene therapy, drug delivery and novel drug discovery techniques. This book presents the latest research in this frontier field.

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Book SynopsisNanotechnology is a ''catch-all'' description of activities at the level of atoms and molecules that have applications in the real world. A nanometer is a billionth of a meter, about 1/80,000 of the diameter of a human hair, or 10 times the diameter of a hydrogen atom. Nanotechnology is now used in precision engineering, new materials development as well as in electronics; electromechanical systems as well as mainstream biomedical applications in areas such as gene therapy, drug delivery and novel drug discovery techniques. This book presents the latest research in this frontier field.

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Book SynopsisNanotechnology is a ''catch-all'' description of activities at the level of atoms and molecules that have applications in the real world. A manometer is a billionth of a meter, about 1/80,000 of the diameter of a human hair, or 10 times the diameter of a hydrogen atom. Nanotechnology is now used in precision engineering, new materials development as well as in electronics; electromechanical systems as well as mainstream biomedical applications in areas such as gene therapy, drug delivery and novel drug discovery techniques. This book presents the latest research in this frontier field.

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Book SynopsisNanotechnology is a ''catch-all'' description of activities at the level of atoms and molecules that have applications in the real world. A nanometre is a billionth of a metre, about 1/80,000 of the diameter of a human hair, or 10 times the diameter of a hydrogen atom. Nanotechnology is now used in precision engineering, new materials development as well as in electronics; electromechanical systems as well as mainstream biomedical applications in areas such as gene therapy, drug delivery and novel drug discovery techniques. This book leading-edge research from around the world in this dynamic field.

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