Nanotechnology Books
World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd Introduction To Nanotechnology
Book SynopsisThis textbook is conceived for a one-semester course at the upper undergraduate or freshman graduate level. The book was written With the fact that nanotechnology is a vast field where the applications range from paint to nanomedicine, through plasmonics and catalysis. An introductory course must be a compromise between a quantitative and a qualitative treatment. For that, this textbook is more quantitative than others in the market, which often do not treat the key concepts with enough depth. This textbook focuses on the key physical and chemical principles and uses many formulas and equations within with the one-semester time constraint.
£52.25
Cambridge University Press XRays and Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation
Book SynopsisWith this fully updated second edition, readers will gain a detailed understanding of the physics and applications of modern X-ray and EUV radiation sources. Taking into account the most recent improvements in capabilities, coverage is expanded to include new chapters on free electron lasers (FELs), laser high harmonic generation (HHG), X-ray and EUV optics, and nanoscale imaging; a completely revised chapter on spatial and temporal coherence; and extensive discussion of the generation and applications of femtosecond and attosecond techniques. Readers will be guided step by step through the mathematics of each topic, with over 300 figures, 50 reference tables and 600 equations enabling easy understanding of key concepts. Homework problems, a solutions manual for instructors, and links to YouTube lectures accompany the book online. This is the ''go-to'' guide for graduate students, researchers and industry practitioners interested in X-ray and EUV interaction with matter.Trade Review'A very clear, comprehensive and updated presentation of the basic physical properties and applications of XUV and X-ray radiation. I highly recommend the book for graduate students and anyone working in this fast growing field of research.' Claudio Pellegrini, University of California, Los Angeles, SLAC'… an exhaustive introduction … a 'must have' on the shelf of every student in experimental condensed matter physics and, more in general, of any scientist committed to synchrotron and free electron laser radiation experiments.' Erik Vesselli, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics ResearchTable of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Radiation and scattering at EUV and X-ray wavelengths; 3. Wave propagation and refractive index at X-ray and EUV wavelengths; 4. Coherence at short wavelengths; 5. Synchrotron radiation; 6. X-ray and EUV free electron lasers; 7. Laser high harmonic generation; 8. Physics of hot dense plasmas; 9. Extreme ultraviolet and soft X-ray lasers; 10. X-ray and extreme ultraviolet optics; 11. X-ray and EUV imaging.
£62.69
CRC Press Quantum Nano Technologies for Photovoltaics
Book SynopsisOngoing concerns regarding greenhouse gas-related environmental effects, energy security, and the rising costs of conventional energy sources has led to sustained interest and growth in solar energy in general, and photovoltaics in particular. Exploring state-of-the-art developments from a practical point of view, Quantum and Nanotechnology for Photovoltaics is the 2nd Edition of the book and examines issues in increasing efficiency, decreasing costs, and how these two goals can be achieved in a single photovoltaic device leveraging emergent quantum and nanoscale phenomena. The book provides fundamental background, including new chapters on quantum physics, hot carrier solar cells, luminescent solar concentrators, and additional topics, and places research approaches within the proper physical context as related to photovoltaics performance enhancement. It reviews the applications of devices and their performance requirements, followed by coverage of thin films an
£71.24
John Wiley & Sons Inc Nanotechnology For Dummies
Book SynopsisThe world of nanotechnology is ever changing and evolving; this fun and friendly guide demystifies the topic for anyone interested in how molecule-sized machines and processes affect our everyday lives. The authors begin with explaining the background of nanotechnology and then examine industries that are affected by this technology.Table of ContentsForeword xxi Introduction 1 Part I: Nanotechnology Basics 5 Chapter 1: Introduction to Nanotechnology Concepts 7 Chapter 2: Who’s Doing What? 19 Chapter 3: Building Blocks: Nanomaterials 37 Chapter 4: Nano Tools 59 Chapter 5: Putting Nanotechnology to Work 77 Part II: Nano Applications 93 Chapter 6: Nanoscale Electronics 95 Chapter 7: Nanotechnology in Your House and Car 113 Chapter 8: When Nano Gets Personal 133 Chapter 9: Changing the Way We Do Medicine 159 Chapter 10: Saving Energy with Nano 181 Chapter 11: Improving the Environment 197 Chapter 12: Star Wars: Nano in Space and Defense 213 Part III: Nanotechnology and People 229 Chapter 13: Nano Ethics, Safety, and Regulations 231 Chapter 14: Making Nano Work for You: Education and Careers 245 Part IV: The Part of Tens 259 Chapter 15: Top Ten Nano Web Sites 261 Chapter 16: Ten Nano Universities 273 Chapter 17: Ten Interesting Nano Research Labs 287 Glossary 307 Index 313
£18.69
PublicAffairs,U.S. Radical Abundance: How a Revolution in
Book SynopsisK. Eric Drexler is the founding father of nanotechnology,the science of engineering on a molecular level. In Radical Abundance , he shows how rapid scientific progress is about to change our world. Thanks to atomically precise manufacturing, we will soon have the power to produce radically more of what people want, and at a lower cost. The result will shake the very foundations of our economy and environment.Already, scientists have constructed prototypes for circuit boards built of millions of precisely arranged atoms. The advent of this kind of atomic precision promises to change the way we make things,cleanly, inexpensively, and on a global scale. It allows us to imagine a world where solar arrays cost no more than cardboard and aluminum foil, and laptops cost about the same.A provocative tour of cutting edge science and its implications by the field's founder and master, Radical Abundance offers a mind-expanding vision of a world hurtling toward an unexpected future.Trade ReviewKirkus"A stimulating tour through current thinking about and future possibilities for nanotechnology, from one of its creators... A crackerjack piece of science and technology writing." Albany Times Union"K. Eric Drexler writes in his accessible new book "Radical Abundance" that the digital revolution is about to give way to a form of production that will radically transform the world economy and that could also save the environment: nanotechnology, or more specifically, atomically precise manufacturing." Nature Magazine"Nanotechnology pioneer Eric Drexler bids us to leap in at the technological deep end. We can transform the way we make everything from bridges to circuit boards, he argues, by harnessing molecular machines that operate on digital principles. The result? Desktop or garage facilities that use less fuel, land and energy than today's vast factories and supply chains. The technical and political challenges of unleashing 'atomically precise manufacturing' are substantial, but Drexler cuts deftly through the complexities."
£31.37
Cambridge University Press Principles of NanoOptics
Book SynopsisNow in its second edition, this book has been thoroughly updated to provide a current overview of the theoretical and experimental concepts needed to understand and work in nano-optics. This is an invaluable reference for graduate students entering the field, as well as for researchers and course teachers.Trade Review'The reader will appreciate its scope and depth, as it covers topics ranging from resolution and microscopy to metamaterials and optical antennas. This book provides an integrated approach to the entire field, and the format breaks the material into accessible sub-units. The physical and mathematical rigor is high, and approximations and limitations of the theory and the experimental devices are clearly stated. The material is highly recommended for a graduate course.' Barry R. Masters, Optics and Photonics News'This text responds to the growing importance of nanoscience, and presents a rare collection of topics across optics and microscopy at the nanoscale. A major goal of nano-optics is to extend the use of optical techniques to length scales beyond the diffraction limit. Notably, the book features a valuable discussion of resolution, localization and position accuracy in microscopy. A non-exhaustive list of subjects covered in later chapters includes near- and far-field microscopy techniques, quantum emitters and surface plasmons in nanostructures.' Lukas Novotny and Bert Hecht, 'All-Time Favourites', Nature PhotonicsTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Introduction; 2. Theoretical foundations; 3. Propagation and focusing of optical fields; 4. Resolution and localization; 5. Nanoscale optical microscopy; 6. Near-field optical probes; 7. Probe-sample distance control; 8. Optical interactions; 9. Quantum emitters; 10. Dipole emission near planar interfaces; 11. Photonic crystals, resonators, and cavity optomechanics; 12. Surface plasmons; 13. Optical antennas; 14. Forces in confined fields; 15. Fluctuation-induced interactions; 16. Theoretical methods in nano-optics; Appendices; Index.
£72.19
HarperCollins Publishers The Geckos Foot
Book SynopsisA cutting-edge science book in the style of Fermat's Last Theorem' and Chaos' from an exciting and accessible new voice in popular science writing.Bio-inspiration is a form of engineering but not in the conventional sense. Extending beyond our established and preconceived notions, scientists, architects and engineers are looking at imitating nature by manufacturing ''wet'' materials such as spider silk or the surface of the gecko''s foot.The amazing power of the gecko''s foot has long been known it can climb a vertical glass wall and even walk upside down on the ceiling but no ideas could be harnessed from it because its mechanism could not be seen with the power of optical microscopes. Recently however the secret was solved by a team of scientists in Oregon who established that the mechanism really is dry, and that it does not involve suction, capillary action or anything else the lay person might imagine. Each foot has half a million bristles and each bristle ramifies into hundredsTrade Review‘[Forbes has] An easy style and an innocence of jargon, and he treads softly on his scientists’ dreams. Forbes prefers the term “bio-inspiration” to “biomimetics”. The aim is not slavishly to imitate nature, but to learn from it to develop our own solutions to engineering problems. And he is surely right to pounce now, before inspiration turns to perspiration. He has succeeded splendidly.’ Hugh Aldersey-Williams, Independent ‘The book is a witty blend of anecdote and analysis.’ Rita Carter, Daily Mail ‘[Forbes] provides an illuminating discussion of the evolution of visual systems and the emergence of contemporary understandings of the nature of light.’ Dr Brendan Kelly, Sunday Business Post
£10.79
Taylor & Francis Ltd Biophysics and Nanotechnology of Ion Channels
Book SynopsisThis book provides a comprehensive review of the biophysics and nanotechnology of ion channels. It details the biological and physiological entities of ion channels in cells and addresses various physical perspectives of ion channel structures and functions. Naturally inbuilt and artificial applicable nanotechnologies of ion channels are modelled and explored. It discusses various methods that can be utilized toward understanding ion channel-based cellular diseases. Physical, biochemical, biomedical, and bioinformatics techniques are taken into consideration to enable the development of strategies to address therapeutic drug discovery and delivery.This book will be of interest to advanced undergraduate and graduate students in biophysics and related biomedical sciences in addition to researchers in the field and industry.Features: Provides a stimulating introduction to the structures and functions of ion channels of biological cell meTable of ContentsChapter 1 Ion Channels - Physical Structures and Gating Mechanisms Chapter 2 Mitochondrial Membrane Channels - Physical Structures and Gating Mechanisms Chapter 3 Ion Channels of the Nuclear Membrane - Physical Structures and Gating Mechanisms Chapter 4 Artificial Ion Channels Chapter 5 Nonchannel Membrane Gating Chapter 6 Ion Channel Energetics Chapter 7 Nanotechnology of Ion Channels Chapter 8 Channelopathies and Ion Channels as Therapeutic Targets Chapter 9 Bioinformatics of Ion channels: Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning Chapter 10 Quantum Mechanics of Ion Channels
£43.69
Artech House Publishers Electromagnetic and Photonic Simulation for the
Book SynopsisThis book teaches the finite-difference frequency-domain (FDFD) method from the simplest concepts to advanced three-dimensional simulations. It uses plain language and high-quality graphics to help the complete beginner grasp all the concepts quickly and visually. This single resource includes everything needed to simulate a wide variety of different electromagnetic and photonic devices. The book is filled with helpful guidance and computational wisdom that will help the reader easily simulate their own devices and more easily learn and implement other methods in computational electromagnetics. Special techniques in MATLAB (R) are presented that will allow the reader to write their own FDFD programs. Key concepts in electromagnetics are reviewed so the reader can fully understand the calculations happening in FDFD. A powerful method for implementing the finite-difference method is taught that will enable the reader to solve entirely new differential equations and sets of differential equations in mere minutes. Separate chapters are included that describe how Maxwell's equations are approximated using finite-differences and how outgoing waves can be absorbed using a perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary. With this background, a chapter describes how to calculate guided modes in waveguides and transmission lines. The effective index method is taught as way to model many three-dimensional devices in just two-dimensions. Another chapter describes how to calculate photonic band diagrams and isofrequency contours to quickly estimate the properties of periodic structures like photonic crystals. Next, a chapter presents how to analyze diffraction gratings and calculate the power coupled into each diffraction order. This book shows that many devices can be simulated in the context of a diffraction grating including guided-mode resonance filters, photonic crystals, polarizers, metamaterials, frequency selective surfaces, and metasurfaces. Plane wave sources, Gaussian beam sources, and guided-mode sources are all described in detail, allowing devices to be simulated in multiple ways. An optical integrated circuit is simulated using the effective index method to build a two-dimensional model of the 3D device and then launch a guided-mode source into the circuit. A chapter is included to describe how the code can be modified to easily perform parameter sweeps, such as plotting reflection and transmission as a function of frequency, wavelength, angle of incidence, or a dimension of the device. The last chapter is advanced and teaches FDFD for three-dimensional devices composed of anisotropic materials. It includes simulations of a crossed grating, a doubly-periodic guided-mode resonance filter, a frequency selective surface, and an invisibility cloak. The chapter also includes a parameter retrieval from a left-handed metamaterial. The book includes all the MATLAB codes and detailed explanations of all programs. This will allow the reader to easily modify the codes to simulate their own ideas and devices. The author has created a website where the MATLAB codes can be downloaded, errata can be seen, and other learning resources can be accessed. This is an ideal book for both an undergraduate elective course as well as a graduate course in computational electromagnetics because it covers the background material so well and includes examples of many different types of devices that will be of interest to a very wide audience. Visit https://empossible.net/fdfdbook/ to access the book website. Visit https://raymondrumpf.com/ for Raymond C. Rumpf's personal webpage.Table of ContentsMATLAB Preliminaries; Electromagnetic Preliminaries; The Finite-Difference Method; Finite-Difference Approximation of Maxwell's Equations; The Perfectly Matched Layer Absorbing Boundary; FDFD for Calculating Guided Modes; FDFD for Calculating Photonic Bands; FDFD for Scattering Analysis; Parameter Sweeps with FDFD; FDFD Analysis of Three-Dimensional and Anisotropic Devices; Appendixes.
£126.75
World Scientific Europe Ltd Size Really Does Matter: The Nanotechnology
Book Synopsis'The text is lightly written but, underneath the entertaining gloss of anecdote and personal detail, this is actually an intensely serious and carefully constructed book, aimed at informing the educated public about science in general and nanotechnology in particular. It is attractively produced, with innumerable well-captioned coloured images … To my mind, Colm Durkan has succeeded in combining the accessible style of the best science journalists with the authority and vision that come from being a successful scientist and an expert in his field.'Contemporary PhysicsNanotechnology is a buzz word many of us have heard but are uncertain what it really means. This book works to dispel the myths and unravel the truth about this branch of science and technology that has already touched many aspects of our lives, from cheaper and faster medical diagnostic tools and more effective ways to deliver existing ones to helping to create new medicines and electronic devices.Size Really Does Matter starts by looking at the science and history of nanotechnology, followed by real-life examples of how it is used, what cutting-edge research is being carried out and why, and potential risks of this exciting new technology.It is written in an accessible style with genuine enthusiasm for the topics it addresses, including how nanotechnology hopes to address problems in several fields, such as cancer research, novel devices, new materials and improved manufacturing methods for existing products.Related Link(s)
£52.25
Royal Society of Chemistry Highentropy Alloy Nanostructures
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£161.50
Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Upconverting Nanoparticles: From Fundamentals to
Book SynopsisModern learning resource providing broad coverage of the rapidly-advancing field of upconverting nanoparticles This modern reference explains photon upconversion technology using nanoparticles from first principles to novel and future applications in imaging, sensing, catalysis, energy technology, biomedicine, and many other areas. Expert authors discuss both established and novel materials and applications, going far beyond the coverage of previously published books on the subject. Key topics covered in the book include: Synthesis, characterization, and basic properties of nanoparticles with photon-upconverting properties New types of upconverting nanoparticles, including transition metal- and rare earth-doped materials, metal-organic frameworks, core/shell particles, and surface-modified particles Current and emerging application areas for upconverting nanoparticles, including heating, lighting, sensing, and detection Biomedical uses of nanoparticles, including photodynamic therapy Photon upconversion using nanoparticles has opened the door to a new universe of light-powered technology. This book is a key resource for scientists, physicists, and chemists across a wide range of disciplines who wish to master the theory, methods and applications of this powerful new technology.Table of ContentsPreface xv 1 Introduction to Upconversion and Upconverting Nanoparticles 1Manisha Mondal and Vineet Kumar Rai 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Frequency Conversion and Its Various Processes 2 1.2.1 Stokes Emission 2 1.2.2 Anti-Stokes Emission 2 1.2.2.1 Ground/Excited-State Absorption (GSA/ESA) 3 1.2.2.2 Energy Transfer Upconversion (ETU) 4 1.2.2.3 Cooperative Luminescence and Cooperative Sensitization Upconversion (csu) 5 1.2.2.4 Cross-relaxation (CR) and Photon Avalanche (PA) 6 1.3 Transition Metals and Their Properties 7 1.4 Rare Earths and Their Properties 8 1.4.1 Trivalent Rare-Earth Ions 9 1.4.1.1 Electronic Structure 9 1.4.1.2 Interaction of Rare-Earth Ions 10 1.4.1.3 Dieke Diagram 13 1.4.2 Divalent Rare-Earth Ions 13 1.5 Excitation and De-excitation Processes of Rare Earths in Solid Materials 15 1.5.1 Excitation Processes 15 1.5.1.1 f–f Transition 15 1.5.1.2 f–d Transition 15 1.5.1.3 Charge Transfer Transition 15 1.5.2 Emission Processes 15 1.5.2.1 Emission via Radiative Transitions 15 1.5.2.2 Emission via Nonradiative Transitions 16 1.5.2.3 Energy Transfer Processes 16 1.6 Rate Equations Relevant to UC Mechanism 18 1.6.1 Rate Equations in a Basic Three-Level System 18 1.6.2 Rate Equation Related to Pump Power-Dependent UC Emission 19 1.7 Theoretical Description of Optical Characteristics of Rare-Earth Ions 20 1.7.1 Judd–Ofelt (J–O) Theory and Calculation of Radiative Parameters 21 1.7.2 Nephelauxetic Effect 22 1.8 An Introduction to Upconverting Nanoparticles 22 Acknowledgments 23 References 23 2 Synthesis Protocol of Upconversion Nanoparticles 31Lakshmi Mukhopadhyay and Vineet Kumar Rai 2.1 Introduction 31 2.2 Host Matrix 32 2.3 Synthetic Strategy of UC Nanomaterials 33 2.3.1 Solid-State Reaction Technique 34 2.3.2 Coprecipitation Technique 35 2.3.3 Sol–Gel Technique 36 2.3.4 Hydro(solvo)thermal Technique 39 2.3.5 Combustion Technique 40 2.3.6 Thermolysis Technique 42 2.3.6.1 Thermolysis in OA-Based Mixed Solvents 43 2.3.6.2 Thermolysis in OM-Based Mixed Solvents 43 2.3.6.3 Thermolysis in TOPO-Based Mixed Solvents 43 2.3.7 Microwave-Assisted Synthesis Technique 44 2.4 Synthesis Techniques for Fabricating Core@shell Architectures 45 2.4.1 Solid-Phase Reaction 45 2.4.2 Liquid-Phase Reaction 46 2.4.2.1 Stöber Technique 46 2.4.2.2 Microemulsion Technique 48 2.4.3 Gas-Phase Reaction 51 2.4.4 Mechanical Mixing 52 2.5 Other Synthesis Strategies to Develop Lanthanide-Doped UCNPs 52 2.6 Conclusion 53 References 53 3 Characterization Techniques and Analysis 67Neha Jain, Prince K. Jain, Rajan K. Singh, Amit Srivastava, and Jai Singh 3.1 Introduction 67 3.2 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) 69 3.3 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) 72 3.4 Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) 74 3.5 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) 76 3.6 Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) 79 3.7 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) 81 3.8 Ultraviolet–Visible–Near-Infrared (UV–Vis–NIR) Absorption Spectroscopy 82 3.9 Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) 84 3.10 Photoluminescence (PL) Study 85 3.11 Pump Power-Dependent UC 87 3.12 Recognition of Emission Color and Colorimetric Theory 88 Acknowledgment 89 References 89 4 Raman and FTIR Spectroscopic Techniques and Their Applications 97Saurav K. Ojha and Animesh K. Ojha 4.1 Raman Spectroscopy 97 4.2 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy 99 4.2.1 FTIR in Transmission Mode 100 4.2.2 Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) 100 4.2.3 Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (drifts) 100 4.3 Applications of Raman Spectroscopy 100 4.3.1 Raman Study of Molecular Association in Hydrogen-Bonded Systems 100 4.3.2 Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) 104 4.3.3 Resonance Raman Spectroscopy (RRS) 106 4.3.4 Raman Spectroscopy of Semiconducting, Superconducting, and Perovskite Materials 107 4.4 Applications of FTIR Spectroscopy 108 4.4.1 FTIR Spectroscopy of Semiconductor, Superconductor, Hazardous, and Perovskite Materials 108 4.5 Raman and FTIR Spectroscopy of Upconverting Nanoparticles 109 References 110 5 Fundamental Aspects of Upconverting Nanoparticles (UCNPs) Based on Their Properties 117Sushil K. Ranjan, Sasank Pattnaik, Vishab Kesarwani, and Vineet Kumar Rai 5.1 Introduction 117 5.2 Elucidation of Dynamics of UCNPs on the Basis of Fluorescence Decay Times 120 5.2.1 General Understanding of Depopulation Processes and UC Decay 120 5.2.2 Differentiating the ESA and ETU Mechanism Based on the Decay Profile 121 5.2.3 Theoretical and Experimental Approach of Understanding the Factors Affecting Upconversion Decay 123 5.3 Measurement of Quantum Yield of UCNPs 131 5.3.1 Role of Quantum Yield in Upconversion 132 5.3.2 Optical Methods of Measuring Quantum Yield of Upconverting Nanoparticles (UCNPs) 133 5.3.2.1 Relative Method of Measuring Quantum Yield 133 5.3.2.2 Absolute Method of Measuring Quantum Yield 133 5.3.2.3 Measurement of Intrinsic Quantum Yield of Lanthanide-Based Materials Using Lifetimes 134 5.3.3 Some Other Methods of Determining Quantum Yield 134 5.3.3.1 Photo-acoustic Spectroscopy (PAS) 134 5.3.3.2 Thermal Lensing (TL) Method 135 References 135 6 Frequency Upconversion in UCNPs Containing Transition Metal Ions 141Manisha Prasad and Vineet Kumar Rai 6.1 Introduction 141 6.2 Synthesis of Transition Metal Ion-Activated Luminescent Nanomaterials 143 6.3 Structural and Optical Characterizations 143 6.4 Frequency Upconversion and Its Various Mechanisms 144 6.5 Applications 144 6.6 Mechanism of Transition Metal Ions in Crystal Field 145 6.6.1 UC Mechanisms in Mn-Based System 146 6.6.2 UC Mechanisms in Mn 4+ - and Ti 2+ -Based Systems 151 6.6.3 UC Mechanisms in Cr 3+ -Based System 153 6.6.4 UC Mechanisms in the Fe 3+ -Based System 155 6.6.5 UC Mechanisms in Co 3+ - and Ni 2+ -Based System 157 6.6.6 UC Mechanisms in Cu 2+ -, Zn 2+ -, and Zr 4+ -Based System 158 6.6.7 UC Mechanisms in Nb 5+ -, Mo 3+ -, Ru-, and Ag + -Based System 160 6.6.8 UC Mechanisms in W 6+ - and Re 4+ -Based System 161 6.6.9 UC Mechanisms in Os 4+ - and Au-Based System 162 References 164 7 Frequency Upconversion in UCNPs Containing Rare-Earth Ions 171Sasank Pattnaik and Vineet Kumar Rai 7.1 Introduction 171 7.2 Familiarization with the Spectroscopic Behavior of RE 3+ Ion-Doped UCNPs 173 7.2.1 Physics of Trivalent Rare-Earth Ions 173 7.2.1.1 UC Mechanisms in Yb 3+ - and Pr 3+ -Based Systems 174 7.2.1.2 UC Mechanisms in Er-Based Systems 175 7.2.1.3 UC Mechanisms in Ho-Based Systems 177 7.2.1.4 UC Mechanisms in Tm-Based Systems 179 7.2.1.5 UC Mechanisms in Nd-Based Systems 181 7.2.1.6 Tri-Doped Systems 181 7.2.2 Color Modulation in UCNPs 184 7.2.2.1 Role of Dopant Concentration and Combination of RE 3+ Ions in Color Modulation 184 7.2.2.2 Role of Host/Dopant Combination in Color Modulation 186 7.2.2.3 Controlling the Emission Color Through Phonon Effects 186 7.2.2.4 Tuning UC Emission Using FRET 188 7.2.3 Quenching Mechanisms in UCNPs 190 7.3 Routes to Enhance Upconversion Luminescence in Nanoparticles 190 7.3.1 Dye Sensitization Techniques 191 7.3.2 Concentration Quenching Minimization 192 7.3.2.1 Suppression of Surface-Related Quenching 192 7.3.2.2 Removal of Detrimental Cross-Relaxation 193 7.3.3 Confinement of Energy Migration 194 7.3.4 Other Techniques to Enhance Upconversion Emission 195 7.3.4.1 Crystal-Phase Modification 195 7.3.4.2 Constructing an Active Core/Active Shell Strategy 195 7.3.4.3 Conjugating Surface Plasmon Resonance Technique 195 7.3.4.4 Dielectric Superlensing-Mediated Strategy 196 7.4 Technological Applications 197 7.4.1 Photonic Applications 197 7.4.1.1 Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) 197 7.4.1.2 Photovoltaic Applications 198 7.4.2 Bioimaging 199 7.4.3 Photo-Induced Therapeutic Applications 200 7.4.3.1 Photodynamic Therapy 201 7.4.3.2 Photothermal Therapy 201 7.4.3.3 Photoactivated Chemotherapy (PACT) 202 7.4.4 Other Emerging Applications 203 7.4.4.1 Anticounterfeiting 203 7.4.4.2 Sensing and Detection 203 7.4.4.3 Optogenetic Stimulation 205 7.4.4.4 NIR Image Vision of Mammals 205 References 206 8 Smart Upconverting Nanoparticles and New Types of Upconverting Nanoparticles 221Akhilesh K. Singh 8.1 Introduction 221 8.2 Upconverting Core–Shell Nanostructures 222 8.3 Hybrid Upconverting Nanoparticles 224 8.4 Magnetic Upconverting Nanoparticles 226 8.5 UC-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks 228 8.6 Smart UCNPs for Security Applications 230 8.7 Smart Upconverting Nanoparticles for Biological Applications 233 8.8 Smart Upconverting Nanoparticles for Sensing 235 8.9 Conclusion 236 References 237 9 Surface Modification and (Bio)Functionalization of Upconverting Nanoparticles 241Yashashchandra Dwivedi 9.1 Introduction 241 9.2 Upconverting Nanomaterials 242 9.3 Surface Modification 245 9.4 Biofunctionalization of Upconverting Materials and Applications 247 References 257 10 Frequency Upconversion in Core@shell Nanoparticles 267Raghumani S. Ningthoujam, Rashmi Joshi, and Manas Srivastava 10.1 Introduction 267 10.1.1 Downconversion 267 10.1.2 Upconversion 271 10.2 Synthesis of Core@shell and Core@shell@shell UCNPs 272 10.2.1 Thermolysis Method 272 10.2.2 Hot Injection 276 10.2.3 Cation Exchange 277 10.2.4 Structural Characterizations 277 10.2.5 Optical Characterization 281 10.2.5.1 Normal Conversion Process in Ln-Doped Core@shell Nanoparticles 283 10.2.5.2 Loop-Type and Avalanche-Type Upconversion Processes in Core@shell Nanoparticles 289 10.3 Frequency Upconversion and Its Various Mechanisms 291 10.3.1 Inorganic-Based Upconversion 291 10.4 Applications 297 10.4.1 Bioimaging Applications 297 10.4.1.1 Luminescence-Based Imaging 297 10.4.1.2 Other Imaging Probes (MRI, CT, and SPECT) 299 10.4.2 Photothermal Therapy (PTT) 301 10.4.3 Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) 303 10.4.4 Temperature Sensor 306 10.4.5 Security Ink 308 10.5 Conclusion 310 Acknowledgment 311 References 311 11 UCNPs in Solar, Forensic, Security Ink, and Anti-counterfeiting Applications 319Kaushal Kumar, Neeraj Kumar Mishra, and Kumar Shwetabh 11.1 Introduction 319 11.2 UCNPs for Solar Cells 320 11.2.1 C-Si Solar Cells 321 11.2.2 Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells 323 11.2.3 GaAs-Based Solar Cells 324 11.2.4 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) 324 11.3 Forensic, Security Printing, and Anti-counterfeiting Applications 325 11.4 Biomedicals 331 11.4.1 Bioimaging 333 11.4.2 Biosensing 336 11.5 Display and Lighting Purposes 339 References 340 12 Application of Upconversion in Photocatalysis and Photodetectors 347Priyam Singh, Sachin Singh, and Prabhakar Singh Sunil Kumar Singh 12.1 Introduction 347 12.2 Photocatalysis 349 12.3 Photodetector 357 12.4 Conclusion 365 References 365 13 UCNPs in Lighting and Displays 375Riya Dey 13.1 Introduction 375 13.2 Major Factors that Affect the UC Emission Efficiency 375 13.3 UC Mechanisms with Rate Equations 378 13.3.1 Pump Power Dependence in the Case of Dominant ETU-Assisted Upconversion over ESA 379 13.3.2 Pump Power Dependence in the Case of Dominant ESA-Assisted Upconversion over ETU 380 13.4 UCNPs in Solid-State Laser 380 13.5 UCNPs in Solid-State Lighting and Displays 384 13.5.1 Requirements for LED Applications 384 References 388 14 Upconversion Nanoparticles in pH Sensing Applications 395Manoj Kumar Mahata, Ranjit De, and Kang Taek Lee 14.1 Introduction 395 14.2 Basic Properties of UCNPs 397 14.3 Working Principle of UCNP-Based pH Sensor 400 14.4 Photon Upconversion-Based pH Sensing Systems 401 14.4.1 Upconversion Nanoparticles as pH Sensors 401 14.4.2 Upconversion-Based pH Sensing Membranes 405 14.5 Conclusion 410 References 411 15 Upconversion Nanoparticles in Temperature Sensing and Optical Heating Applications 417Praveen K. Shahi and Shyam B. Rai 15.1 Introduction 417 15.2 Classification of Temperature Sensors: Primary and Secondary Thermometers 420 15.3 Performance of Temperature Sensors 420 15.3.1 Thermal Sensitivity 421 15.3.2 Thermal Uncertainty (δT) 421 15.3.3 Reproducibility and Repeatability 422 15.4 Temperature Sensing with Luminescence 423 15.4.1 Time-Integrated Schemes 424 15.4.1.1 Fluorescence Intensity Ratio (FIR) or Band Shape 424 15.4.1.2 Bandwidth 426 15.4.2 Lifetime Technique 427 15.5 Upconversion (UC) and UC-Based Thermal Sensor of Ln 3+ Ions 427 15.5.1 Upconversion (UC) and Upconverting Nanoparticles (UCNPs) 427 15.5.2 Single-Center UC Nanothermometers and Multicenter UC Nanothermometers 428 15.5.3 Complex Systems 430 15.6 Optical Heating 433 References 437 16 Upconverting Nanoparticles in Pollutant Degradation and Hydrogen Generation 449Wanni Wang, Zhaoyou Chu, Benjin Chen, and Haisheng Qian 16.1 Introduction 449 16.2 Degradation of Organic Pollutants 450 16.2.1 Degradation of RhB 451 16.2.2 Degradation of MB 455 16.2.3 Degradation of MO 460 16.2.4 Degradation of Various Organic Pollutants 462 16.2.5 Others 467 16.3 Degradation of Inorganic Pollutants 469 16.4 Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production 473 16.5 Conclusion 481 References 481 17 Upconverting Nanoparticles in the Detection of Fungicides and Plant Viruses 493Vishab Kesarwani and Vineet Kumar Rai 17.1 Introduction 493 17.2 Visual Detection of Fungicides 495 17.2.1 Detection Mechanisms 495 17.2.1.1 Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) 495 17.2.1.2 Inner Filter Effect (IFE) 496 17.2.1.3 Photoinduced Electron Transfer (PET) 499 17.2.1.4 Electron Exchange (EE) 500 17.2.2 Significant Works on Upconversion-Based Fungicide Detection 500 17.3 Detection of Plant Viruses 505 17.3.1 Plant Virus Detection/Management Strategies 505 17.3.1.1 Direct Interactions 505 17.3.1.2 Indirect Interactions 505 17.3.1.3 NPs as Biosensors for Virus Detection 507 17.3.1.4 RNAi Process for Antiviral Protection 507 17.3.2 Significant Works on Plant Virus Detection Based on UCNPs 507 17.4 Future Challenges Regarding NP-Based Fungicide and Plant Virus Detection 509 References 510 18 Upconversion Nanoparticles in Biological Applications 517Poulami Mukherjee and Sumanta Kumar Sahu 18.1 Introduction 517 18.2 Upconversion Nanoparticles in Bioimaging 518 18.2.1 Cell Imaging 518 18.2.2 Multimodal Imaging 520 18.3 Upconversion Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery 522 18.3.1 Different Types of Surface Modification 524 18.3.1.1 Polymer Coating 524 18.3.1.2 Silica Coating 524 18.3.1.3 Metal Oxide-Coated UCNPs 525 18.3.1.4 Functionalization of UCNPs 525 18.3.1.5 Metal–Organic Framework Coating 525 18.3.2 Drug Release 526 18.3.2.1 NIR-Triggered Drug Delivery System 526 18.3.2.2 pH and Thermoresponsive Drug Release 526 18.4 Upconversion in Photodynamic Therapy 526 18.4.1 Surface Modification of UCNPs for PDT 529 18.5 Photothermal Therapy 531 References 533 Index 539
£119.00
Taylor & Francis Ltd Compliant Mechanisms
Book SynopsisWith a rigorous and comprehensive coverage, the second edition of Compliant Mechanisms: Design of Flexure Hinges provides practical answers to the design and analysis of devices that incorporate flexible hinges. Complex-shaped flexible-hinge mechanisms are generated from basic elastic segments by means of a bottom-up compliance (flexibility) approach. The same compliance method and the classical finite element analysis are utilized to study the quasi-static and dynamic performances of these compliant mechanisms. This book offers easy-to-use mathematical tools to investigate a wealth of flexible-hinge configurations and two- or three-dimensional compliant mechanism applications.FEATURES Introduces a bottom-up compliance-based approach to characterize the flexibility of new and existing flexible hinges of straight- and curvilinear-axis configurations Develops a consistent linear lumped-parameter compliance model to thoroughly descriTable of ContentsChapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Compliances of Basic Flexible-Hinge Segments Chapter 3 Compliances of Straight-Axis Flexible Hinges Chapter 4 Compliances of Curvilinear-Axis Flexible Hinges Chapter 5 Quasi-Static Response of Serial Flexible-Hinge Mechanisms Chapter 6 Quasi-Static Response of Parallel Flexible-Hinge Mechanisms Chapter 7 Dynamics of Flexible-Hinge Mechanisms Chapter 8 Finite Element Analysis of Flexible-Hinge Mechanisms Chapter 9 Miscellaneous Topics
£52.24
CRC Press Carbon Nanomaterials Sourcebook
Book SynopsisThe Carbon Nanomaterials Sourcebook contains extensive, interdisciplinary coverage of carbon nanomaterials, encompassing the full scope of the fieldâfrom physics, chemistry, and materials science to molecular biology, engineering, and medicineâin two comprehensive volumes.Written in a tutorial style, this first volume of the sourcebook: Focuses on graphene, fullerenes, nanotubes, and nanodiamonds Describes the fundamental properties, growth mechanisms, and processing of each nanomaterial discussed Explores functionalization for electronic, energy, biomedical, and environmental applications Showcases materials with exceptional properties, synthesis methods, large-scale production techniques, and application prospects Provides the tools necessary for understanding current and future technology developments, including important equations, tables, and graphs Table of ContentsSuspended Graphene. Graphene Quantum Dots. Graphene Network. Covalently Functionalized Graphene. Few-Layer Graphene Oxide in Tribology. Graphene Oxide Nanodisks and Nanodots. Natural Graphene-Based Shungite Nanocarbon. Solid Fullerenes under Compression. Open-Cage Fullerenes. Endohedral Fullerenes: Optical Properties and Biomedical Applications. Carbon Nano-Onions. Endohedral Clusterfullerenes. CVD-Synthesized Carbon Nanotubes. Carbon Nanotube Fibers. Endohedrally Doped Carbon Nanotubes. Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes. Carbon Nanotube Networks. Carbon Nanotubes for Sensing Applications. Biomedical Carbon Nanotubes. Ultrashort Carbon Nanocapsules for Biomedicine. Detonation Nanodiamonds. Surface-Modified Nanodiamonds. Cargo-Delivering Nanodiamonds. Nanodiamonds in Biomedicine.
£45.99
CRC Press Nanofiltration Membranes
Book SynopsisCovering fabrication, characterization, and applications nanofiltration (NF) membranes, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the development of NF membrane technology over the past decade. It uniquely covers a variety of fabrication techniques, comparing the procedures of each technique to produce polymeric membranes of different morphologies. The book also discusses advances in the materials used in thin film composite (TFC) polyamide membrane fabrication and their influences on properties with respect to structural and separation characteristics. A comprehensive review on NF characterization methods and techniques is provided, assessing physical and chemical properties and separation characteristics and stability. Technical challenges in fabricating a new generation of NF membranes are also reviewed and the possible approaches to overcome the challenges are provided. The book concludes with relevant case studies on the use of NF membranes in industrial implementation of Trade Review"…readers can easily have an overview of the latest development of nanofiltration membranes." — Takeshi Matsuura, University of Ottawa, Canada"This book is an excellent source of information for someone who wants to know more about nanofiltration membranes. …the publication of this book is timely and should be a good reference book for many scientists and engineers. Each chapter is well explained and discussed, with an extensive list of references. Important figures and tables are provided, which make it easier for readers to understand the important principles and concepts of NF. Overall I found that this reference book is simple enough to understand, but also contains important information necessary to understand NF membranes. I would definitely suggest this book for those who wants to know more about NF." —Abdul Wahab Mohammad, National University of MalaysiaTable of ContentsIntroduction. Synthesis of Nanofiltration Membrane. Advanced Materials in Nanofiltration Membrane. Technical Challenges and Approaches in Fabricating Nanofiltration Membrane. Characterization of Nanofiltration Membrane. Applications
£65.54
John Wiley & Sons Inc On Solar Hydrogen and Nanotechnology
Book SynopsisMore energy from the sun strikes Earth in an hour than is consumed by humans in an entire year. Efficiently harnessing solar power for sustainable generation of hydrogen requires low-cost, purpose-built, functional materials combined with inexpensive large-scale manufacturing methods. These issues are comprehensively addressed in On Solar Hydrogen & Nanotechnology an authoritative, interdisciplinary source of fundamental and applied knowledge in all areas related to solar hydrogen. Written by leading experts, the book emphasizes state-of-the-art materials and characterization techniques as well as the impact of nanotechnology on this cutting edge field. Addresses the current status and prospects of solar hydrogen, including major achievements, performance benchmarks, technological limitations, and crucial remaining challenges Covers the latest advances in fundamental understanding and development in photocatalytic reactions, semiconductor nanostructures and hTrade Review"I find that this work contains solid in-depth science, and goes far beyond "trendy" issues. I can recommend this collection to interested readers." (Angewandte Chemie, 2010) Table of ContentsList of Contributors. Preface. Editor Biography. PART ONE-FUNDAMENTALS, MODELING, AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF PHOTOCATALYTIC REACTIONS FOR DIRECT SOLAR HYDROGEN GENERATION. 1 Solar Hydrogen Production by Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting: The Promise and Challenge (Eric L. Miller). 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Hydrogen or Hype? 1.3 Solar Pathways to Hydrogen. 1.4 Photoelectrochemical Water-Splitting. 1.5 The Semiconductor/Electrolyte Interface. 1.6 Photoelectrode Implementations. 1.7 The PEC Challenge. 1.8 Facing the Challenge: Current PEC Materials Research. Acknowledgments. References. 2 Modeling and Simulation of Photocatalytic Reactions at TiO2 Surfaces (Hideyuki Kamisaka and Koichi Yamashita). 2.1 Importance of Theoretical Studies on TiO2 Systems. 2.2 Doped TiO2 Systems: Carbon and Niobium Doping. 2.3 Surface Hydroxyl Groups and the Photoinduced Hydrophilicity of TiO2. Conversion. 2.4 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. 2.5 Future Directions: Ab Initio Simulations and the Local Excited States on TiO2. Acknowledgments. References. 3 Photocatalytic Reactions on Model Single Crystal TiO2 Surfaces (G.I.N. Waterhouse and H. Idriss). 3.1 TiO2 Single-Crystal Surfaces. 3.2 Photoreactions Over Semiconductor Surfaces. 3.3 Ethanol Reactions Over TiO2(110) Surface. 3.4 Photocatalysis and Structure Sensitivity. 3.5 Hydrogen Production from Ethanol Over Au/TiO2 Catalysts. 3.6 Conclusions. References. 4 Fundamental Reactions on Rutile TiO2(110) Model Photocatalysts Studied by High-Resolution Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (Stefan Wendt, Ronnie T. Vang, and Flemming Besenbacher). 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Geometric Structure and Defects of the Rutile TiO2 (110) Surface. 4.3 Reactions of Water with Oxygen Vacancies. 4.4 Splitting of Paired H Adatoms and Other Reactions Observed on Partly Water Covered TiO2(110). 4.5 O2 Dissociation and the Role of Ti Interstitials. 4.6 Intermediate Steps of the Reaction Between O2 and H Adatoms and the Role of Coadsorbed Water. 4.7 Bonding of Gold Nanoparticles on TiO2(110) in Different Oxidation States. 4.8 Summary and Outlook. References. PART TWO-ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE, ENERGETICS, AND TRANSPORT DYNAMICS OF PHOTOCATALYST NANOSTRUCTURES. 5 Electronic Structure Study of Nanostructured Transition Metal Oxides Using Soft X-Ray Spectroscopy (Jinghua Guo, Per-Anders Glans, Yi-Sheng Liu, and Chinglin Chang). 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Soft X-Ray Spectroscopy. 5.3 Experiment Set-Up. 5.4 Results and Discussion. Acknowledgments. References. 6 X-ray and Electron Spectroscopy Studies of Oxide Semiconductors for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production (Clemens Heske, Lothar Weinhardt, and Marcus B€ar). 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Soft X-Ray and Electron Spectroscopies. 6.3 Electronic Surface-Level Positions of WO3 Thin Films. 6.4 Soft X-Ray Spectroscopy of ZnO:Zn3N2 Thin Films. 6.5 In Situ Soft X-Ray Spectroscopy: A Brief Outlook. 6.6 Summary. Acknowledgments. References. 7 Applications of X-Ray Transient Absorption Spectroscopy in Photocatalysis for Hydrogen Generation (Lin X. Chen). 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 X-Ray Transient Absorption Spectroscopy (XTA). 7.3 Tracking Electronic and Nuclear Configurations in Photoexcited Metalloporphyrins. 7.4 Tracking Metal-Center Oxidation States in the MLCT State of Metal Complexes. 7.5 Tracking Transient Metal Oxidation States During Hydrogen Generation. 7.6 Prospects and Challenges in Future Studies. Acknowledgments. References. 8 Fourier-Transform Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy of Pure and Doped TiO2 Photocatalysts (Lars Osterlund). 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Vibrational Spectroscopy on TiO2 Photocatalysts: Experimental Considerations. 8.3 Raman Spectroscopy of Pure and Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles. 8.4 Gas-Solid Photocatalytic Reactions Probed by FTIR Spectroscopy. 8.5 Model Gas-Solid Reactions on Pure and Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles Studied by FTIR Spectroscopy. 8.6 Summary and Concluding Remarks. Acknowledgments. References. 9 Interfacial Electron Transfer Reactions in CdS Quantum Dot Sensitized TiO2 Nanocrystalline Electrodes (Yasuhiro Tachibana). 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Nanomaterials. 9.3 Transient Absorption Spectroscopy. 9.4 Controlling Interfacial Electron Transfer Reactions by Nanomaterial Design. 9.5 Application of QD-Sensitized Metal-Oxide Semiconductors to Solar Hydrogen Production. 9.6 Conclusion. Acknowledgments. References. PART THREE-DEVELOPMENT OF ADVANCED NANOSTRUCTURES FOR EFFICIENT SOLAR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM CLASSICAL .LARGE BANDGAP SEMICONDUCTORS. 10 Ordered Titanium Dioxide Nanotubular Arrays as Photoanodes for Hydrogen Generation (M. Misra and K.S. Raja). 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Crystal Structure of TiO2. References. 11 Electrodeposition of Nanostructured ZnO Films and Their Photoelectrochemical Properties (Torsten Oekermann). 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Fundamentals of Electrochemical Deposition. 11.3 Electrodeposition of Metal Oxides and Other Compounds. 11.4 Electrodeposition of Zinc Oxide. 11.5 Electrodeposition of One- and Two-Dimensional ZnO Nanostructures. 11.6 Use of Additives in ZnO Electrodeposition. 11.7 Photoelectrochemical and Photovoltaic Properties. 11.8 Photocatalytic Properties. 11.9 Outlook. References. 12 Nanostructured Thin-Film WO3 Photoanodes for Solar Water and Sea-Water Splitting (Bruce D. Alexander and Jan Augustynski). 12.1 Historical Context. 12.2 Macrocrystalline WO3 Films. 12.3 Limitations of Macroscopic WO3. 12.4 Nanostructured Films. 12.5 Tailoring WO3 Films Through a Modified Chimie Douce Synthetic Route. 12.6 Surface Reactions at Nanocrystalline WO3 Electrodes. 12.7 Conclusions and Outlook. References. 13 Nanostructured a-Fe2O3 in PEC Generation of Hydrogen (Vibha R. Satsangi, Sahab Dass, and Rohit Shrivastav). 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 a-Fe2O3. 13.3 Nanostructured a-Fe2O3 Photoelectrodes. 13.5 Efficiency and Hydrogen Production. 13.6 Concluding Remarks. Acknowledgments. References. PART FOUR-NEW DESIGN AND APPROACHES TO BANDGAP PROFILING AND VISIBLE-LIGHT-ACTIVE NANOSTRUCTURES. 14 Photoelectrocatalyst Discovery Using High-Throughput Methods and Combinatorial Chemistry (Alan Kleiman-Shwarsctein, Peng Zhang, Yongsheng Hu, and Eric W. McFarland). 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 The Use of High-Throughput and Combinatorial Methods for the Discovery and Optimization of Photoelectrocatalyst Material Systems. 14.3 Practical Methods of High-Throughput Synthesis of Photoelectrocatalysts. 14.4 Photocatalyst Screening and Characterization. 14.5 Specific Examples of High-Throughput Methodology Applied to Photoelectrocatalysts. 14.6 Summary and Outlook. References. 15 Multidimensional Nanostructures for Solar Water Splitting: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications (Abraham Wolcott and Jin Z. Zhang). 15.1 Motivation for Developing Metal-Oxide Nanostructures. 15.2 Colloidal Methods for 0D Metal-Oxide Nanoparticle Synthesis. 15.3 1D Metal-Oxide Nanostructures. 15.4 2D Metal-Oxide Nanostructures. 15.5 Conclusion. Acknowledgments. References. 16 Nanoparticle-Assembled Catalysts for Photochemical Water Splitting (Frank E. Osterloh). 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 Two-Component Catalysts. 16.3 CdSe Nanoribbons as a Quantum-Confined Water-Splitting Catalyst. 16.4 Conclusion and Outlook. Acknowledgment. References. 17 Quantum-Confined Visible-Light-Active Metal-Oxide Nanostructures for Direct Solar-to-Hydrogen Generation (Lionel Vayssieres). 17.1 Introduction. 17.2 Design of Advanced Semiconductor Nanostructures by Cost-Effective Technique. 17.3 Quantum Confinement Effects for Photovoltaics and Solar Hydrogen Generation. 17.4 Novel Cost-Effective Visible-Light-Active (Hetero)Nanostructures for Solar Hydrogen Generation. 17.5 Conclusion and Perspectives. References. 18 Effects of Metal-Ion Doping, Removal and Exchange on Photocatalytic Activity of Metal Oxides and Nitrides for Overall Water Splitting (Yasunobu Inoue). 18.1 Introduction. 18.2 Experimental Procedures. 18.3 Effects of Metal Ion Doping. 18.4 Effects of Metal-Ion Removal. 18.5 Effects of Metal-Ion Exchange on Photocatalysis. 18.6 Effects of Zn Addition to Indate and Stannate. 18.7 Conclusions. Acknowledgments. References. 19 Supramolecular Complexes as Photoinitiated Electron Collectors: Applications in Solar Hydrogen Production (Shamindri M. Arachchige and Karen J. Brewer). 19.1 Introduction. 19.2 Supramolecular Complexes for Photoinitiated Electron Collection. 19.3 Conclusions. List of Abbreviations. Acknowledgments. References. PART FIVE-NEW DEVICES FOR SOLAR THERMAL HYDROGEN GENERATION. 20 Novel Monolithic Reactors for Solar Thermochemical Water Splitting (Athanasios G. Konstandopoulos and Souzana Lorentzou). 20.1 Introduction. 20.2 Solar Hydrogen Production. 20.3 HYDROSOL Reactor. 20.4 HYDROSOL Process. 20.5 Conclusions. Acknowledgments. References. 21 Solar Thermal and Efficient Solar Thermal/Electrochemical Photo Hydrogen Generation (Stuart Licht). 21.1 Comparison of Solar Hydrogen Processes. 21.2 STEP (Solar Thermal Electrochemical Photo) Generation of H2. 21.3 STEP Theory. 21.4 STEP Experiment: Efficient Solar Water Splitting. 21.5 NonHybrid Solar Thermal Processes. 21.6 Conclusions. References. Index
£213.26
Taylor & Francis Inc Fundamentals of Microfabrication and Nanotechnology ThreeVolume Set
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£355.21
CRC Press Nanophytopathology
Book SynopsisThe book entitled âNanophytopathologyâ discusses the need for alternative technologies particularly smart nanotechnological tools including nanobiosensor in the detection of plant diseases, delivery of fungicides/pesticides, and therapy for the diseases caused by plant pathogens and pests. The use of nanomaterials will minimize the huge amount of application of pesticides and fungicides thereby reducing environmental pollution. This technology is eco-friendly, economically viable, and useful for sustainable crop production. The book encompasses chapters written by experienced experts in respective fields, which provide up-to-date knowledge about pathogen/pest control using nanotechnology. It will be essential reading for post-graduate students and researchers, agriculture scientists, nanotechnologists, microbiologists, green chemistry experts, and biotechnologists.Table of ContentsGENERAL. Nanophytopathology: A New and Emerging Science. The Perspective of Nanotechnology in Plant Protection. DETECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF PLANT DISEASES AND PESTS. Nanobiosensors for Detection of Plant Pathogens. Bioprospecting of Nanoparticles against Phytopathogens. Nanomaterials: A Strategy for the Control of Phytopathogenic Fungi. Nanoparticles Used for Management of Oomycetes Diseases. Biogenic Metal Oxide Nanoparticles for the Control of Plant Pathogens. Plant Virus Disease Management by Nanobiotechnology. Nano Clay Materials and their Role in Plant Disease Management. Advances in Agro-Nanotechnologies for Pest Management. Botanicals-Based Nanoformulations for the Management of Insect-Pests. EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF PLANT DISEASES. Strategic Applications of CRISPR-Cas Technology for the Management of Plant Diseases. Can Nitric Oxide Overcome Biotic Stress in Plants?
£108.00
John Wiley & Sons Inc Advanced Computational Nanomechanics
Book SynopsisAdvanced Computational Nanomechanics is a state-of-the-art publication on computational nanomechanics and contains eleven chapters prepared by world experts in this field.Table of ContentsList of Contributors xi Series Preface xiii Preface xv 1 Thermal Conductivity of Graphene and Its Polymer Nanocomposites: A Review 1Yingyan Zhang, Yu Wang, Chien Ming Wang and Yuantong Gu 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Graphene 1 1.2.1 Introduction of Graphene 1 1.2.2 Properties of Graphene 6 1.2.3 Thermal Conductivity of Graphene 7 1.3 Thermal Conductivity of Graphene–Polymer Nanocomposites 9 1.3.1 Measurement of Thermal Conductivity of Nanocomposites 9 1.3.2 Modelling of Thermal Conductivity of Nanocomposites 9 1.3.3 Progress and Challenge for Graphene–Polymer Nanocomposites 14 1.3.4 Interfacial Thermal Resistance 16 1.3.5 Approaches for Reduction of Interfacial Thermal Resistance 19 1.4 Concluding Remarks 22 References 22 2 Mechanics of CNT Network Materials 29Mesut Kirca and Albert C. To 2.1 Introduction 29 2.1.1 Types of CNT Network Materials 30 2.1.2 Synthesis of CNT Network Materials 31 2.1.3 Applications 35 2.2 Experimental Studies on Mechanical Characterization of CNT Network Materials 39 2.2.1 Non-covalent CNT Network Materials 40 2.2.2 Covalently Bonded CNT Network Materials 45 2.3 Theoretical Approaches Toward CNT Network Modeling 48 2.3.1 Ordered CNT Networks 48 2.3.2 Randomly Organized CNT Networks 50 2.4 Molecular Dynamics Study of Heat-Welded CNT Network Materials 55 2.4.1 A Stochastic Algorithm for Modeling Heat-Welded Random CNT Network 56 2.4.2 Tensile Behavior of Heat-Welded CNT Networks 60 References 65 3 Mechanics of Helical Carbon Nanomaterials 71Hiroyuki Shima and Yoshiyuki Suda 3.1 Introduction 71 3.1.1 Historical Background 71 3.1.2 Classification: Helical “Tube” or “Fiber”? 73 3.1.3 Fabrication and Characterization 74 3.2 Theory of HN-Tubes 76 3.2.1 Microscopic Model 76 3.2.2 Elastic Elongation 79 3.2.3 Giant Stretchability 80 3.2.4 Thermal Transport 82 3.3 Experiment of HN-Fibers 84 3.3.1 Axial Elongation 84 3.3.2 Axial Compression 87 3.3.3 Resonant Vibration 89 3.3.4 Fracture Measurement 92 3.4 Perspective and Possible Applications 93 3.4.1 Reinforcement Fiber for Composites 93 3.4.2 Morphology Control in Synthesis 93 References 94 4 Computational Nanomechanics Investigation Techniques 99Ghasem Ghadyani and Moones Rahmandoust 4.1 Introduction 99 4.2 Fundamentals of the Nanomechanics 100 4.2.1 Molecular Mechanics 101 4.2.2 Newtonian Mechanics 101 4.2.3 Lagrangian Equations of Motion 102 4.2.4 Hamilton Equations of a Γ-Space 104 4.3 Molecular Dynamics Method 106 4.3.1 Interatomic Potentials 106 4.3.2 Link Between Molecular Dynamics and Quantum Mechanics 112 4.3.3 Limitations of Molecular Dynamics Simulations 114 4.4 Tight Binding Method 115 4.5 Hartree–Fock and Related Methods 116 4.6 Density Functional Theory 118 4.7 Multiscale Simulation Methods 120 4.8 Conclusion 120 References 120 5 Probabilistic Strength Theory of Carbon Nanotubes and Fibers 123Xi F. Xu and Irene J. Beyerlein 5.1 Introduction 123 5.2 A Probabilistic Strength Theory of CNTs 124 5.2.1 Asymptotic Strength Distribution of CNTs 124 5.2.2 Nonasymptotic Strength Distribution of CNTs 127 5.2.3 Incorporation of Physical and Virtual Testing Data 130 5.3 Strength Upscaling from CNTs to CNT Fibers 135 5.3.1 A Local Load Sharing Model 136 5.3.2 Interpretation of CNT Bundle Tensile Testing 139 5.3.3 Strength Upscaling Across CNT-Bundle-Fiber Scales 141 5.4 Conclusion 145 References 145 6 Numerical Nanomechanics of Perfect and Defective Hetero-junction CNTs 147Ali Ghavamian, Moones Rahmandoust and Andreas Öchsner 6.1 Introduction 147 6.1.1 Literature Review: Mechanical Properties of Homogeneous CNTs 147 6.1.2 Literature Review: Mechanical Properties of Hetero-junction CNTs 150 6.2 Theory and Simulation 152 6.2.1 Atomic Geometry and Finite Element Simulation of Homogeneous CNTs 152 6.2.2 Atomic Geometry and Finite Element Simulation of Hetero-junction CNTs 153 6.2.3 Finite Element Simulation of Atomically Defective Hetero-junction CNTs 155 6.3 Results and Discussion 156 6.3.1 Linear Elastic Properties of Perfect Hetero-junction CNTs 156 6.3.2 Linear Elastic Properties of Atomically Defective Hetero-junction CNTs 162 6.4 Conclusion 164 References 171 7 A Methodology for the Prediction of Fracture Properties in Polymer Nanocomposites 175Samit Roy and Avinash Akepati 7.1 Introduction 175 7.2 Literature Review 175 7.3 Atomistic J-Integral Evaluation Methodology 176 7.4 Atomistic J-Integral at Finite Temperature 181 7.5 Cohesive Contour-based Approach for J-Integral 184 7.6 Numerical Evaluation of Atomistic J-Integral 185 7.7 Atomistic J-Integral Calculation for a Center-Cracked Nanographene Platelet 187 7.8 Atomistic J-Integral Calculation for a Center-Cracked Nanographene Platelet at Finite Temperature (T = 300 K) 190 7.9 Atomistic J-Integral Calculation for a Center-Cracked Nanographene Platelet Using ReaxFF 192 7.10 Atomistic J-Integral Calculation for a Center-Cracked EPON 862 Model 194 7.11 Conclusions and Future Work 197 Acknowledgment 198 References 199 8 Mechanical Characterization of 2D Nanomaterials and Composites 201Ruth E. Roman, Nicola M. Pugno and Steven W. Cranford 8.1 Discovering 2D in a 3D World 201 8.2 2D Nanostructures 203 8.2.1 Graphene 203 8.2.2 Graphynes and Graphene Allotropes 204 8.2.3 Silicene 205 8.2.4 Boron Nitride 206 8.2.5 Molybdenum Disulfide 207 8.2.6 Germanene, Stanene, and Phosphorene 208 8.3 Mechanical Assays 210 8.3.1 Experimental 210 8.3.2 Computational 211 8.4 Mechanical Properties and Characterization 212 8.4.1 Defining Stress 213 8.4.2 Uniaxial Stress, Plane Stress, and Plane Strain 214 8.4.3 Stiffness 216 8.4.4 Effect of Bond Density 218 8.4.5 Bending Rigidity 219 8.4.6 Adhesion 222 8.4.7 Self-Adhesion and Folding 225 8.5 Failure 227 8.5.1 Quantized Fracture Mechanics 228 8.5.2 Nanoscale Weibull Statistics 231 8.6 Multilayers and Composites 233 8.7 Conclusion 236 Acknowledgment 236 References 237 9 The Effect of Chirality on the Mechanical Properties of Defective Carbon Nanotubes 243Keka Talukdar 9.1 Introduction 243 9.2 Carbon Nanotubes, Their Molecular Structure and Bonding 245 9.2.1 Diameter and Chiral Angle 245 9.2.2 Bonding Speciality in CNTs 246 9.2.3 Defects in CNT Structure 246 9.3 Methods and Modelling 247 9.3.1 Simulation Method 247 9.3.2 Berendsen Thermostat 248 9.3.3 Second-Generation REBO Potential 249 9.3.4 C–C Non-bonding Potential 251 9.3.5 Method of Calculation 251 9.4 Results and Discussions 251 9.4.1 Results for SWCNTs 251 9.4.2 Results for SWCNT Bundle and MWCNTs 255 9.4.3 Chirality Dependence 260 9.5 Conclusions 262 References 263 10 Mechanics of Thermal Transport in Mass-Disordered Nanostructures 265Ganesh Balasubramanian 10.1 Introduction 265 10.2 Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics to Understand Vibrational Spectra 266 10.3 Nonequilibrium Molecular Dynamics for Property Prediction 268 10.4 Quantum Mechanical Calculations for Phonon Dispersion Features 270 10.5 Mean-Field Approximation Model for Binary Mixtures 272 10.6 Materials Informatics for Design of Mass-Disordered Structures 275 10.7 Future Directions in Mass-Disordered Nanomaterials 278 References 279 11 Thermal Boundary Resistance Effects in Carbon Nanotube Composites 281Dimitrios V. Papavassiliou, Khoa Bui and Huong Nguyen 11.1 Introduction 281 11.2 Background 282 11.3 Techniques to Enhance the Thermal Conductivity of CNT Nanocomposites 285 11.4 Dual-Walled CNTs and Composites with CNTs Encapsulated in Silica 286 11.4.1 Simulation Setup 287 11.4.2 Results 289 11.5 Discussion and Conclusions 291 Acknowledgment 291 References 291 Index 295
£97.16
John Wiley & Sons Inc Nanovaccinology as Targeted Therapeutics
Book SynopsisNANOVACCINOLOGY AS TARGETED THERAPEUTICS The book presents the early-stage development of nanovaccines that could well be the new generation of vaccines which have a great potential for the prevention and treatment of many diseases. Nanovaccinology as Targeted Therapeutics explores recent breakthroughs in the exciting new field of micro- and nanofabricated engineered nanomaterials. In addition to spectroscopic characterizations, significant topics for interdisciplinary research, especially in the fields of nanogels, which deal with polymer chemistry, nanotechnology, materials science, pharmaceuticals, and medicine are explored, where their small dimensions prove highly advantageous. Nanovaccinology could potentially revolutionize conventional therapy and diagnostic methods due to its superior effectiveness over its macro-sized counterparts in almost all biomedical areas. Strong interest in this novel class of material has driven many studies to discover biogenic production methods andTable of ContentsPreface xv 1 Nanotechnology in Vaccine Development and Constraints 1 Tahmina Foyez and Abu Bin Imran 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 Nanoparticles, an Alternative Approach to Conventional Vaccines 4 1.3 Nanoparticles as Vaccine Delivery Vehicle 5 1.4 Nanotechnology to Tackle the Challenges of Vaccine Delivery 6 1.4.1 Polymeric Nanoparticles 6 1.4.2 Inorganic Nanoparticles 7 1.4.3 Biomolecular Nanoparticles 8 1.4.4 Liposome 9 1.4.5 Virus-Like Particles 9 1.4.6 Micelles 9 1.4.7 Immunostimulating Complexes 10 1.4.8 Self-Assembled Proteins (SAPNs) 10 1.4.9 Emulsions 11 1.5 Constraints and Challenges of Nanovaccines 11 1.6 Concluding Remarks 12 Acknowledgments 13 References 13 2 Nanomedicine and Nanovaccinology Tools in Targeted Drug Delivery 21 Bogala Mallikharjuna Reddy 2.1 Introduction 21 2.2 Nanomaterial-Based Drug Delivery Tools 25 2.2.1 Inorganic Nanoparticles 26 2.2.2 Polymeric Nanoparticles 26 2.2.3 Dendrimers 27 2.2.4 Liposomes 28 2.2.5 Micelles 29 2.2.6 Emulsions 30 2.2.7 Carbon-Based Nanomaterials 30 2.2.8 Self-Assembled Proteins 31 2.2.9 Immunostimulating Complexes 32 2.2.10 Virus-Like Particles 33 2.3 Targeted Drug Delivery Applications 33 2.3.1 Cancer 36 2.3.2 Neurology 37 2.3.3 Cardiology 38 2.3.4 Ophthalmology 38 2.3.5 Pulmonology 39 2.3.6 Tissue Engineering 40 2.3.7 Viral Infections 40 2.3.8 Other Miscellaneous Types 41 2.4 Commercial Nanodelivery Tools 42 2.4.1 Industrial Manufacturing 42 2.4.2 Advantages and Disadvantages 44 2.4.3 Risks and Challenges 45 2.5 Conclusions and Future Prospects 46 Acknowledgments 47 References 47 3 Nanovaccinology and Superbugs 53 Sandhya Kalathilparambil Santhosh, Kaviya Parampath Kootery, Mridul Umesh, Preethi Mariam Alex, Meghna Mani, Adina Roy and Suma Sarojini 3.1 Introduction 54 3.2 Need for Nanovaccines 55 3.3 Types of Nanovaccines 57 3.3.1 Subunit Vaccines 57 3.3.2 Conjugate Vaccines 58 3.3.3 RNA Vaccines 58 3.3.4 Reverse Vaccinology 59 3.3.5 Biomimetic Nanovaccines 60 3.3.5.1 Biomimetic Membranes 60 3.3.5.2 Outer Membrane Vesicle Nanoparticles 61 3.3.6 Nanotoxoids 62 3.3.7 Liposomes 63 3.3.8 Polymeric Nanoparticles 63 3.3.9 Virus-Like Particle 64 3.3.10 Inorganic Nanoparticles 65 3.4 Mechanism of Action of Nanovaccines 65 3.5 Limitations of Nanovaccines 68 3.6 Conclusion 69 Acknowledgment 69 References 69 4 Current Research Trends on SARS-CoV2 Virus Against Nanovaccine Formulation 77 Pushpalatha C., Chhaya Kumar, Sowmya S.V., Dominic Augustine, Elizabeth Abbu Varghese and Jithya Suresh 4.1 Introduction 78 4.2 COVID-19/SARS-CoV2 Pathophysiology 78 4.3 Development of Nanovaccines Against SARS-CoV 2 79 4.4 Biomimetic Nanovaccines Against SARS-CoV 2 80 4.4.1 Virus-Like Particles 84 4.4.2 Nucleic Acids Vaccines 85 4.4.3 Protein Vaccines 86 4.5 Translatable Subunit Nanovaccine Against SARS-CoV 2 86 4.6 Separable Microneedle Patch Nanovaccine 86 4.7 Polymer-Based Nanovaccines 87 4.8 Pharmaceutical Challenges of SARS-CoV2 Nanovaccines 88 4.9 Future Prospects of SARS-CoV2 Nanovaccines 89 4.10 Challenges and Limitations 89 4.11 Conclusion and Outlook 91 References 91 5 Nanovaccinology Against Infectious Disease 95 S. Chakroborty and P. Panda 5.1 Introduction 96 5.2 Nanovaccinology Against Bacterial Disease 97 5.3 Nanovaccinology Against Viral Disease 99 5.4 Nanovaccinology Against Cancer 101 5.5 Nanovaccinology Against Parasite-Born Disease 108 5.6 Nanovaccinology Against Autoimmune Disorders 109 5.7 Conclusion and Outlook 110 Acknowledgments 110 References 110 6 Preclinical and Commercial Trials of Cancer Diagnosis via Nano-Imaging and Nanovaccinology 115 Sowmya S.V., Pushpalatha C., Dominic Augustine, Sibikar P., Bharkhavy K.V. and Elizabeth Abbu Varghese 6.1 Introduction 116 6.2 Role of Nano-Imaging in Cancer Diagnosis, Progression, and Treatment 117 6.2.1 Gold Nanoparticles 117 6.2.2 Quantum Dots 118 6.2.3 Carbon Nanotubes 118 6.2.4 Nanowires 118 6.2.5 Cantilevers and Nanopores 118 6.2.6 Other Types of Nanoparticles 118 6.3 Challenges in the Translation of Nanotechnology-Based Imaging Methods Into Clinical Application 119 6.4 Nanovaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy 119 6.4.1 Composition of Nanovaccines in Cancer Therapy 120 6.4.1.1 Antigens 120 6.4.1.2 Immunostimulatory Adjuvants 121 6.4.1.3 Nanocarriers 121 6.5 Functionalities of Nanocarriers for the Delivery of Cancer Vaccines 122 6.5.1 Efficient Delivery of Vaccines by Nanocarriers 123 6.5.2 Co-Delivery of Antigens and Adjuvants via Nanocarriers 123 6.5.3 Nanocarriers Potentiate Immunomodulation Through Multivalent Antigens and/or Adjuvants 123 6.5.4 Self-Adjuvanted Nanocarriers 123 6.6 Nanovaccine Strategies in Cancer 123 6.6.1 STING Agonist-Based Nanovaccines 124 6.6.2 Neoantigen Nanovaccines 124 6.6.3 mRNA-Based Nanovaccines 124 6.6.4 aAPCs 124 6.6.5 Nanovaccines for Combination Therapy 124 6.7 Preclinical and Clinical Trials of Applications of Nanoimaging and Nanovaccinology in Cancer 125 6.8 Recent Developments in the Trials of Nanovaccinology in Cancer 126 6.9 Perspectives and Future Directions 127 6.10 Conclusions 127 References 127 7 Biomedical and Electronic Tune-Ups of 2C4NA Nanocrystalline Sample 131 Maalmarugan J., Egbert Selwin Rose A., Anbarasan P., Poorani R., Aarthi N., Ganesan H., Senthil Kannan K. and Flora G. 7.1 Introduction 132 7.2 Computational, Tribological, Fluorescence, and Influx Study 133 7.3 Antidiabetic (AD) Study, Anticancer Study, and Anti-Inflammatory Study 138 7.4 Conclusion 139 References 139 8 Biological, Electronic-Filter, Influx and Theoretical Practicalities of 2-Chloro-6-Nitroaniline (2C6NA) Crystals for Biomedical and Microelectronics Tasks 145 Maria Sumathi B., Maalmarugan J., Ganesan H., Saravanan P., Patel R.P., Sheeba M., Flora G. and Senthil Kannan K. 8.1 Introduction 146 8.2 Computational and Influx 146 8.3 Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antidiabetic, DPPH, FRAP, Anticancer 148 8.4 Conclusion 150 References 151 9 Antidiabetic, Anti-Oxidant, Computational, Filter, and Tribological Characterizations of Bis Glycine Lithium Bromide Monohydrate Nano (32 nm) Scaled Crystals 157 Dayana Lobo F., Senthil Kannan K., Mathivanan V., Jacintha Tamil Malar A., Christy S., Flora G., Ganesan H. and Maalmarugan J. 9.1 Introduction 158 9.2 Experimental 158 9.2.1 Synthesis 158 9.3 Results and Discussions 159 9.3.1 Single Crystalline XRD (SXRD) Study and Powder XRD (PXRD) Studies 159 9.3.2 Fluorescence (FL) Study for 32-nm Scale 160 9.3.3 Antidiabetic (AD) Study and Influx Study 160 9.3.4 AO-DPPH, FRAP of Antioxidant Activity 162 9.3.5 Tribology—Load Capacity by the Compressive Strength Model of the Polymeric Bearings, Software-Based Thermal Ellipsoidal Plot 162 9.4 Conclusion 164 References 164 10 Device Utility, Energy, and Bioutility of N2MNM4MBH Macro, Nano Models 169 Pauline Jenifer S., Flora G., Zozimus Divya Lobo C., Charles A., Senthil Kannan K., Anbuvel D., Prajith V. and Jemma Hermelin Jesy Diaz 10.1 Introduction 170 10.2 Synthesis and XRD 171 10.3 Influx 171 10.4 Computational 171 10.4.1 Antidiabetic Study 171 10.5 Conclusion 177 References 177 11 Biocurative, Tribological, Electro-Functionalities of ZnO-MIZN Nanoparticles 183 Senthil Kannan K., Prabhjeet Kaur Dhillon, Jemma Hermelin Jesy Diaz, Padmavathi P., Flora G., Irudhya Sahaya Lancy S., Jeeva Rani Thangam G. and Sheeba M. 11.1 Introduction 184 11.2 Antibacterial Activity 185 11.3 XRD and Magnetic Effect 186 11.4 Tribological Data for Nano Sample Coatings of ZnO-MIZN 189 11.5 Filter Utility 189 11.6 Conclusion 190 References 190 12 Nanotubular Device Effect, Super Cell Effectiveness, Hirshfeld Energy Analysis and Biomedicinal Efficacy of 2-Fluoro-5-Nitro-Aniline (2F5NA) Crystals 195 Flora G., Munikumari A., Sheeba M., Jemma Hermelin Jesy Diaz, Senthil Kannan K., Ponrathy T., Muthu Sheeba M. and Joshua Steve Abishek B. 12.1 Introduction 196 12.2 XRD and Computational 197 12.3 Bioutility 207 12.3.1 Antibacterial of 2F5NA Crystals 207 12.4 Conclusion 208 References 208 13 Nano, Peptide Link, Pharma Impact and Electron Density of AMPHB Macro, Nano Crystalline Samples 213 Senthil Kannan K., Dayana Lobo F., Gayathri A., Prathebha K., Jacintha Tamil Malar A., Maria Sumathi B., Flora G. and Egbert Selwin Rose A. 13.1 Introduction 214 13.2 Characterizations 215 13.2.1 XRD and Computational Impactness 215 13.2.2 Antidiabetic (AD), Anti-Inflammatory (AI), and Anti-Fungal (AF) Effect of AMPHB Macro and Nano Crystals 219 13.3 Conclusion 220 References 221 14 Super Lattice, Computational Interactions and Bio-Uses of CPDMDP Crystals 227 Flora G., Christy S., Shobana V., Divya R., Jemma Hermelin Jesy Diaz, Pauline Jenifer S., Senthil Kannan K. and Jacintha Tamil Malar A. 14.1 Introduction 228 14.2 Computational 229 14.3 Synthesis 234 14.4 Xrd 234 14.5 Influx of CPDMDP of Both Scales 235 14.6 Antidiabetic Activity of Macro, Nano CPDMDP Crystals 235 14.7 Antioxidant Activity 236 14.8 Conclusion 237 References 237 15 Biological Effect Nanotubular, Vanderwall’s Impact, of 4-Methyl-2-Nitroaniline (4M2NA) Nanocrystals 243 Senthil Kannan K., Pauline Jenifer S., Divya R., Raju K., Gayathri A., Jemma Hermelin Jesy Diaz, Maria Sumathi B. and Flora G. 15.1 Introduction 244 15.2 XRD and Computational Data 245 15.3 Biological Activity: Antidiabetic (AD), Anti-Inflammatory (AI), and Antifungal (AF) Effect 251 15.4 Conclusion, Outlook, and Future Aspects 251 References 251 16 Biomedical, Tribological, and Electronic Functionalities of Silver Nanoparticles 257 Flora G., Ganesan H., Maalmarugan J., Egbert Selwin Rose A., Dayana Lobo F., Divya R., Senthil Kannan K. and Sheeba M. 16.1 Introduction 258 16.2 Tribological Data 258 16.3 Influx 259 16.4 HeLa Cell Line, Bacterial and Fungal Utility 259 16.5 Conclusion 260 References 261 17 Commercialization of Nanovaccines: Utopia or a Reality? 267 Amjad Islam Aqib, Tean Zaheer, Muhammad Usman, Muhammad Arslan and Khazeena Atta 17.1 Introduction 268 17.2 Development of Nanovaccines 270 17.3 Novel Adjuvants and Delivery System for Nanovaccines 270 17.4 Success Story 272 17.5 Nanovaccines in Human Health 273 17.6 Nanovaccines in Animal Health 274 17.7 Constraints in the Development and Application 276 17.8 Issues Related to Product Application 277 17.9 Characteristics of Nanoparticles Applicable to Public Health 278 17.10 Conclusion 279 References 280 18 Functionalization of Nanobiomaterials in Nanovaccinology 283 Jyothy G. Vijayan Abbreviations 283 18.1 Introduction 284 18.2 Characteristics of Functionalized Bionanoparticles 285 18.3 Functionalization of NPs 285 18.3.1 Functionalization With Different Ligands 285 18.3.2 Polymer Functionalized NPs 286 18.4 Nanomaterials for Vaccine Synthesis 286 18.4.1 Gold NPS 286 18.4.2 Silica NPs 286 18.4.3 Calcium NPs 286 18.4.4 Polymeric NPs 286 18.4.5 Inorganic Magnetic NPs 287 18.4.6 Chitosan NPs 287 18.4.7 Liposomal NPs 287 18.5 Role of the Surface of NPs on Vaccine Development 288 18.6 Nanovaccines: Routes of Administration 288 18.6.1 Intradermal Routes 288 18.6.2 Intramuscular Routes 289 18.6.3 Subcutaneous Routes 289 18.6.4 Oral Routes 289 18.6.5 Nasal Routes 289 18.6.6 Tropical Routes 289 18.6.7 Ocular Routes 289 18.7 Nanovaccines for Different Applications 290 18.7.1 Nanovaccines Against Bacteria 290 18.7.2 Nanovaccines Against Pathogens 290 18.7.3 Nanovaccines Against Viruses 290 18.7.4 Nanovaccines Against Parasites 290 18.7.5 Nanovaccines Against Cancer 291 18.8 Emulsions 291 18.9 Nanogels 291 18.10 Virus-Like Particles (VLP) 292 18.11 Applications of Novel Nanovaccines 293 18.12 Applications of Functionalized Nanovaccines 293 18.12.1 For Cancer Therapy 293 18.12.2 Against Different Infectious Diseases 294 18.13 Pros and Cons of Using Vaccines 294 18.13.1 Toxicity of NPs 294 18.14 Future Aspects 295 18.15 Conclusions 295 References 296 19 Oral Nanovaccines Delivery for Clinical Trials and Commercialization 301 Dominic Augustine, Pushpalatha C., Sowmya S.V., Chhaya Kumar, Elizabeth AbbuVarghese and Gayathri V.S. 19.1 Introduction 302 19.2 Barriers to Oral Vaccines 302 19.3 Evolution of Oral Nanovaccines 304 19.4 Oral Delivery of Nanovaccines 305 19.5 Immune Response to Oral Nanovaccines 306 19.6 Oral Nanovaccines Carriers 307 19.6.1 Natural Nanovaccine Carriers 307 19.6.2 Synthetic Nanovaccine Carriers 308 19.7 Formulation Strategies and Characterization of Oral Nanovaccines 310 19.8 Regulations and Challenges for Oral Nanovaccines Delivery 312 19.9 Future Perspectives 314 19.10 Conclusion 314 References 315 Index 319
£136.00
Taylor & Francis Inc Compliant Mechanisms
Book SynopsisWith a rigorous and comprehensive coverage, the second edition of Compliant Mechanisms: Design of Flexure Hinges provides practical answers to the design and analysis of devices that incorporate flexible hinges. Complex-shaped flexible-hinge mechanisms are generated from basic elastic segments by means of a bottom-up compliance (flexibility) approach. The same compliance method and the classical finite element analysis are utilized to study the quasi-static and dynamic performances of these compliant mechanisms. This book offers easy-to-use mathematical tools to investigate a wealth of flexible-hinge configurations and two- or three-dimensional compliant mechanism applications.FEATURES Introduces a bottom-up compliance-based approach to characterize the flexibility of new and existing flexible hinges of straight- and curvilinear-axis configurations Develops a consistent linear lumped-parameter compliance model to thoroughly descriTable of ContentsChapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Compliances of Basic Flexible-Hinge Segments Chapter 3 Compliances of Straight-Axis Flexible Hinges Chapter 4 Compliances of Curvilinear-Axis Flexible Hinges Chapter 5 Quasi-Static Response of Serial Flexible-Hinge Mechanisms Chapter 6 Quasi-Static Response of Parallel Flexible-Hinge Mechanisms Chapter 7 Dynamics of Flexible-Hinge Mechanisms Chapter 8 Finite Element Analysis of Flexible-Hinge Mechanisms Chapter 9 Miscellaneous Topics
£130.50
Apple Academic Press Inc. Nanotechnology-Enhanced Solid Materials: Design,
Book SynopsisThis new volume highlights the emergence and rapid development of nanotechnology-enhanced solid materials and the ways they have impacted almost every aspect of nanoengineering. The chapters explore the role of nanomaterials in industries in diverse applications, such as for insulation and reinforcement of composite materials. The book focuses on the design, synthesis, and properties of solid materials, presenting updated, practical, and systematic knowledge on the modification of nanomaterials. The topics include photovoltaic applications of solid carbons, mesoporous silica nanomaterials, smart biopolymer composites and polymer solids, graphene oxide as an emerging solid-based nanocomposite material, steady-state creep deformation, and more.Table of Contents1. Photovoltaics Applications of Solid Carbons in Molecular Forms 2. Role of Carbon Nanotubes as Supported Metal-Nanoparticles Catalysis 3. Mesoporous Silica Nanomaterials and Porous Solids 4. Trends in Smart Biopolymer Composites and Polymer Solids with Multidisciplinary Applications in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 5. A Computational Study of Metal Doped Silver Nanoparticle-Based Clusters 6. Graphene Oxide as an Emerging Solid-Based Nanocomposite Material for Highly Efficient Supercapacitors 7. Applications of Recycled Solid Substances of Solar Photovoltaic Modules and Their Environmental Impact Analysis 8. Core-Shell Structure, Super Para Magnetism, and Functionalization of Magnetic Solid Nanoparticles and Their Application in Treatment of Wastewater 9. Solid-State Carbon Nanotubes 10. CNT-Based Solid Composites for Water Treatment 11. Investigation of Selected Anti-Bacterially Modified Micro/Nano-Polymers Using Cold Plasma 12. Steady-State Creep Deformation in Rotating Discs and Cylinders: For Macro to Micro/Nano-Scale Systems
£132.05
World Scientific Europe Ltd Size Really Does Matter: The Nanotechnology
Book Synopsis'The text is lightly written but, underneath the entertaining gloss of anecdote and personal detail, this is actually an intensely serious and carefully constructed book, aimed at informing the educated public about science in general and nanotechnology in particular. It is attractively produced, with innumerable well-captioned coloured images … To my mind, Colm Durkan has succeeded in combining the accessible style of the best science journalists with the authority and vision that come from being a successful scientist and an expert in his field.'Contemporary PhysicsNanotechnology is a buzz word many of us have heard but are uncertain what it really means. This book works to dispel the myths and unravel the truth about this branch of science and technology that has already touched many aspects of our lives, from cheaper and faster medical diagnostic tools and more effective ways to deliver existing ones to helping to create new medicines and electronic devices.Size Really Does Matter starts by looking at the science and history of nanotechnology, followed by real-life examples of how it is used, what cutting-edge research is being carried out and why, and potential risks of this exciting new technology.It is written in an accessible style with genuine enthusiasm for the topics it addresses, including how nanotechnology hopes to address problems in several fields, such as cancer research, novel devices, new materials and improved manufacturing methods for existing products.Related Link(s)
£23.75
Royal Society of Chemistry Nanomaterials Engineering for Supercapacitors
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£198.55
ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons Inc Energy Autonomous Micro and Nano Systems
Book SynopsisProviding a detailed overview of the fundamentals and latest developments in the field of energy autonomous microsystems, this book delivers an in-depth study of the applications in the fields of health and usage monitoring in aeronautics, medical implants, and home automation, drawing out the main specifications on such systems. Introductory information on photovoltaic, thermal and mechanical energy harvesting, and conversion, is given, along with the latest results in these fields. This book also provides a state of the art of ultra-low power sensor interfaces, digital signal processing and wireless communications. In addition, energy optimizations at the sensor node and sensors network levels are discussed, thus completing this overview. This book details the challenges and latest techniques available to readers who are interested in this field. A major strength of this book is that the first three chapters are application orientated and thus, by setting the landscape, introduce the technical chapters. There is also a good balance between the technical application, covering all the system-related aspects and, within each chapter, details on the physics, materials and technologies associated with electronics. Contents Introduction. Introduction to Energy Autonomous Micro and Nano Systems and Presentation of Contributions, Marc Belleville and Cyril Condemine. 1. Sensors at the Core of Building Control, Gilles Chabanis, Laurent Chiesi, Hynek Raisigel, Isabelle Ressejac and Véronique Boutin. 2. Toward Energy Autonomous MedicalImplants, Raymond Campagnolo and Daniel Kroiss. 3. Energy Autonomous Systems in Aeronautic Applications, Thomas Becker, Jirka Klaue and Martin Kluge. 4. Energy Harvesting by Photovoltaic Effect, Emmanuelle Rouvière, Simon Perraud, Cyril Condemine and Guy Waltisperger. 5. Mechanical Energy Harvesting, Ghislain Despesse, Jean Jacques Chaillout, Sébastien Boisseau and Claire Jean-Mistral. 6. Thermal Energy Harvesting, Tristan Caroff, Emmanuelle Rouvière and Jérôme Willemin. 7. Lithium Micro-Batteries, Raphaël Salot. 8. Ultra-Low-Power Sensors, Pascal Nouet, Norbert Dumas, Laurent Latorre and Frédérick Mailly. 9. Ultra-Low-Power Signal Processing in Autonomous Systems, Christian Piguet. 10. Ultra-Low-Power Radio Frequency Communications and Protocols, Eric Mercier. 11. Energy Management in an Autonomous Microsystem, Jean-Frédéric Christmann, Edith Beigne, Cyril Condemine, Jérôme Willemin and Christian Piguet. 12. Optimizing Energy Efficiency of Sensor Networks, Olivier Sentieys and Olivier Berder.Table of ContentsIntroduction. Introduction to Energy Autonomous Micro and Nano Systems and Presentation of Contributions xiii Marc BELLEVILLE and Cyril CONDEMINE I.1. Context of energy-autonomous systems and micro-nanosystems xiii I.2. Sample applications xvi I.3. Energy harvesting, storage and conversion xvii I.4. Data acquisition, processing and transmission xviii I.5. Energy management xix I.6. Bibliography xx Chapter 1. Sensors at the Core of Building Control 1 Gilles CHABANIS, Laurent CHIESI, Hynek RAISIGEL, Isabelle RESSEJAC and Véronique BOUTIN 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. Sensors in buildings 2 1.3. New sensor needs 3 1.4. An example: the HOMES comfort sensor prototype 10 1.5. Conclusion 20 1.6. Bibliography 21 Chapter 2. Toward Energy Autonomous Medical Implants 23 Raymond CAMPAGNOLO and Daniel KROISS 2.1. Introduction 23 2.2. Current and potential applications 24 2.3. Conclusion 55 2.4. Bibliography 57 Chapter 3. Energy Autonomous Systems in Aeronautic Applications 59 Thomas BECKER, Jirka KLAUE and Martin KLUGE 3.1. Motivation 59 3.2. Wireless systems 62 3.3. Autonomous systems 71 3.4. Summary 79 3.5. Bibliography 79 Chapter 4. Energy Harvesting by Photovoltaic Effect 83 Emmanuelle ROUVIÈRE, Simon PERRAUD, Cyril CONDEMINE and Guy WALTISPERGER 4.1. Introduction 83 4.2. Light power available indoors and outdoors 84 4.3. Photovoltaic cell: physical principle and model 88 4.4. Comparison between various photovoltaic cell technologies 96 4.5. Electronic management 97 4.6. Conclusion 110 4.7. Bibliography 110 Chapter 5. Mechanical Energy Harvesting 115 Ghislain DESPESSE, Jean Jacques CHAILLOUT, Sébastien BOISSEAU and Claire JEAN-MISTRAL 5.1. Energy-harvesting analysis 115 5.2. Main sources and conversion principles of mechanical energy 116 5.3. Harvesting mechanical energy from vibrations 122 5.4. Mechanical energy harvesting from forces/deformations 138 5.5. Conclusions and perspectives on mechanical energy harvesting 142 5.6. Bibliography 142 Chapter 6. Thermal Energy Harvesting 153 Tristan CAROFF, Emmanuelle ROUVIÈRE and Jérôme WILLEMIN 6.1. General presentation 153 6.2. Energy harvesting by thermoelectric effect 154 6.3. Thermoelectric materials 160 6.4. Technological trends 162 6.5. Implementation constraints and optimization 167 6.6. Electronic management of autonomous thermoelectric systems 172 6.7. Conclusions on thermal energy-harvesting systems 182 6.8. Bibliography 183 Chapter 7. Lithium Micro-Batteries 185 Raphaël SALOT 7.1. Development of lithium batteries over 20 years 186 7.2. The lithium system aiming for strong miniaturization properties 191 7.3. Bibliography 204 Chapter 8. Ultra-Low-Power Sensors 207 Pascal NOUET, Norbert DUMAS, Laurent LATORRE and Frédérick MAILLY 8.1. Introduction 207 8.2. Overview of sensors and their proximity electronics 208 8.3. Capacitive sensors 213 8.4. Resistive sensors 232 8.5. Conclusions 236 8.6. Bibliography 237 Chapter 9. Ultra-Low-Power Signal Processing in Autonomous Systems 241 Christian PIGUET 9.1. Low-power consumption 242 9.2. Digital signal processors 245 9.3. Decreasing static power consumption 254 9.4. Asynchronous architectures 260 9.5. Error tolerance 264 9.6. Conclusion 266 9.7. Bibliography 267 Chapter 10. Ultra-Low-Power Radio Frequency Communications and Protocols 273 Eric MERCIER 10.1. Introduction 273 10.2. Radio frequency and associated restrictions 274 10.3. Communication standards and protocols 279 10.4. Components and solutions 289 10.5. Conclusion 297 10.6. Bibliography 298 Chapter 11. Energy Management in an Autonomous Microsystem 301 Jean-Frédéric CHRISTMANN, Edith BEIGNE, Cyril CONDEMINE, Jérôme WILLEMIN and Christian PIGUET 11.1. Wireless sensor nodes 303 11.2. Power supplied by energy recuperators 306 11.3. Distribution, conversion and energy storage architectures 308 11.4. Implementing regulators 314 11.5. Algorithms 317 11.6. Conclusion 322 11.7. Bibliography 322 Chapter 12. Optimizing Energy Efficiency of Sensor Networks 325 Olivier SENTIEYS and Olivier BERDER 12.1. Introduction 325 12.2. Optimization methodology 328 12.3. Energy consumption model 329 12.4. Hardware optimization 332 12.5. Software organization and efficient protocols 343 12.6. Optimizing energy of algorithms 346 12.7. Conclusion and perspectives 354 12.8. Bibliography 355 List of Authors 361 Index 365
£142.16
Royal Society of Chemistry Microscale Acoustofluidics
Book SynopsisThe manipulation of cells and microparticles within microfluidic systems using external forces is valuable for many microscale analytical and bioanalytical applications. Acoustofluidics is the ultrasound-based external forcing of microparticles with microfluidic systems. It has gained much interest because it allows for the simple label-free separation of microparticles based on their mechanical properties without affecting the microparticles themselves. Microscale Acoustofluidics provides an introduction to the field providing the background to the fundamental physics including chapters on governing equations in microfluidics and perturbation theory and ultrasound resonances, acoustic radiation force on small particles, continuum mechanics for ultrasonic particle manipulation, and piezoelectricity and application to the excitation of acoustic fields for ultrasonic particle manipulation. The book also provides information on the design and characterization of ultrasonic particle manipulation devices as well as applications in acoustic trapping and immunoassays. Written by leading experts in the field, the book will appeal to postgraduate students and researchers interested in microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip applications.Table of ContentsGoverning equations in microfluidics; Regular perturbation theory for acoustic fields; Linear continuum mechanics; Linear piezoelectric transducers; Building microfluidic acoustic resonators; Experimental characterization of devices; Acoustic radiation force; Applications in acoustophoresis; Modelling and applications of planar resonant devices; Scaling-laws and time scales in acoustofluidics; Affinity acoustophoresis; Biocompatibility and cell viability in microfluidic acoustic resonators; Analysis of acoustic streaming by singular perturbation; Applications in acoustic streaming; Streaming with ultrasound waves interacting with solid particles; Acoustics streaming near liquid-gas interfaces: drops and bubbles; SAW devices; Microscopy for lab-on-a-chip devices; Particle manipulation in acoustic cavities; Applications in acoustic trapping; Enhanced immunoassays and particle sensors; Multiwavelength devices and scale dependent properties; Acoustic manipulation combined with other techniques
£142.50
Springer Nature Switzerland AG Physical Design and Mask Synthesis for Directed Self-Assembly Lithography
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£80.99
Springer Nature Switzerland AG Atomic Force Microscopy
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£113.99
Springer International Publishing AG Nanotechnological Approaches to the Advancement
Book SynopsisThe main practical breakthrough of this century is nanobiotechnology, an amalgamation of biology and nanotechnology based on the standards and methods of metabolism. The field mainly involves the analysis, synthesis and the links between molecular biology, nutritional science and nanotechnology. In addition, the field involves the links between other life sciences branches, since the improvement of nanotechnology strategies might be directed by considering the structure and the capability of nanoparticles present in the living cells. This book is a comprehensive evaluation of the latest nanobiotechnological developments, with an emphasis on applications, especially in aquaculture. It outlines, in-depth, modern techniques, and includes a variety of important sources that make this the perfect resource for researchers in this captivating world of nanobiotechnology.Table of ContentsPrefaceChapter 1: Simple Basics of Aquaculture Nanosciences Research: A Thorough IntroductionDr. Iddaya Karunasagar Senior Fish Safety and Quality Specialist, Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Food & Agriculture Organisation of UNChapter 2: Current Nanotechnology Developments in the Aquaculture IndustryAhmed A. Tayel, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences Kafrelsheikh University Kafr El Sheikh EgyptChapter 3: Aquatic Nanodrug DeliveryWindell, D, University of Exeter, United KingdomChapter 4: Nanosensors Used in AquacultureJixiang Fang, Xi’an Jiaotong University, ChinaChapter 5: Alarming Viral Pathogens in Shrimp Industry and NanotechnologyJeyachandran Sivakamavalli, Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, South KoreaChapter 6: Bioenrichment of Planktons in Aquaculture through Nanotechnological ApproachesSivakamavalli, Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, South KoreaKiyun Parka, Ihn-Sil Kwaka, Faculty of Marine Technology, Chonnam National University, Chonnam 550-749, Republic of KoreaChapter 7: Water Purification and Bioremediation NanotechnologiesN. H. Rao, National Academy of Agricultural Research Management, Hyderabad, IndiaChapter 8: The Challenge of Nanotechnology-Derived FoodHarjinder Singh, Riddet Institute, Massey University, New ZealandChapter 9: Nanoengineered Particles in Seafood: Their Concentration Level and their KineticsYing-Chou Lee, National Taiwan University, TaiwanChapter 10: Harvested Fish Management and Commercialization PackagingJH Han, The University of Manitoba, CanadaChapter 11: Nanotechnologies in Aquaculture Health IssuesMatheus D.Baldissera, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, BrazilBibliographyIndex
£132.99
Springer International Publishing AG Submicron Porous Materials
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£116.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Wax Crystal Control - Nanocomposites - Stimuli-Responsive Polymers
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£161.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Self-Assembled Nanomaterials II: Nanotubes
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£161.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Scanning Probe Microscopy in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 3
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£123.49
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Nanoimprint Lithography: An Enabling Process for
Book SynopsisNanoimprint Lithography: An enabling process for nanofabrication presents a comprehensive description of nanotechnology that is one of the most promising low-cost, high-throughput technologies for manufacturing nanostructures, and an emerging lithography candidates for 22, 16 and 11 nm nodes. It provides the exciting, multidisciplinary field, offering a wide range of topics covering: principles, process, material and application. This book would be of specific interest for researchers and graduate students in the field of nanoscience, nanotechnology and nanofabrication, material, physical, chemical, electric engineering and biology. Dr. Weimin Zhou is an associate professor at Shanghai Nanotechnology Promotion Center, China.Table of ContentsPrinciples and statues of nanoimprint lithography.- Stamp Fabrication.- stamp surface treatment.- Nanoimprint lithography resists.- Nanoimprint lithography process.- Modeling and Simulation of NIL.- Application of NIL in Light emitting Diodes.- Application of NIL in memory devices.- Application of NIL in solar cell.
£123.49
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Self-Lubricating Composites
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£98.99
World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd Nanothermodynamics: Theory And Application
Book SynopsisThis book grew out of an idea to study properties of small subsystems of a large reservoir. Observations were at the time not explainable with standard thermodynamics. But the theory of Hill on thermodynamics of small systems provided the systematic procedure needed to address the problem. Following Hill, thermodynamics can be formulated for the nanoscale!The purpose of this book is to expand and demonstrate Hill's theory. The theory adds a new term to the fundamental Gibbs equation, that is specific for systems at the nanoscale. The properties that follow may be counter intuitive. The equation of state for a small system, for instance, is not given once and for all. We shall see that it changes with the environmental variables that control the small system. The statistical mechanical machinery remains as before, however.The world of small systems challenges the standard knowledge; that the number of particles in a system must be very large for thermodynamic equations to apply. We shall see that thermodynamic equations apply perfectly well also for small particle numbers, provided that small-system effects are accounted for correctly. In the world where size and shape are central, we shall find that equations of state can be used down to one particle in a box! There are scaling laws, which help us determine and understand the large system limit better!In the first part, the authors highlight the basic idea of the theory and provide a more systematic method, than used before. In the second part, the authors demonstrate the power of the theory in a set of central applications of nanoscience in and away from equilibrium, for other scientists to be inspired for further use.
£121.50
World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd Lessons From Nanoelectronics: A New Perspective
Book Synopsis'The author has made this book accessible to many readers interested in learning about the fascinating world of nanotechnology by limiting the necessary background for understanding the book … The book takes a very complex subject and makes very clear explanations, with many illustrations, that will give the reader an opportunity to understand these, oftentimes, counterintuitive concepts. Understanding these concepts allows one to more fully appreciate the sophistication of many of today’s electronic devices.'IEEE Electrical Insulation MagazineEveryone is familiar with the amazing performance of a modern smartphone, powered by a billion-plus nanotransistors, each having an active region that is barely a few hundred atoms long. The same amazing technology has also led to a deeper understanding of the nature of current flow and heat dissipation on an atomic scale which is of broad relevance to the general problems of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics that pervade many different fields.This book is based on a set of two online courses originally offered in 2012 on nanoHUB-U and more recently in 2015 on edX. In preparing the second edition the author decided to split it into parts A and B titled Basic Concepts and Quantum Transport respectively, along the lines of the two courses. A list of available video lectures corresponding to different sections of this volume is provided upfront.To make these lectures accessible to anyone in any branch of science or engineering, the author assume very little background beyond linear algebra and differential equations. However, the author will be discussing advanced concepts that should be of interest even to specialists, who are encouraged to look at his earlier books for additional technical details.
£72.00
Bellwether Media Nanotechnology
Book Synopsis
£12.34
Cambridge University Press Bionanotechnology
Book SynopsisConnecting theory with real-life applications, this is the first ever textbook to equip students with a comprehensive knowledge of all the key concepts in bionanotechnology. By bridging the interdisciplinary gap from which bionanotechnology emerged, it provides a systematic introduction to the subject, accessible to students from a wide variety of backgrounds. Topics range from nanomaterial preparation, properties and biofunctionalisation, and analytical methods used in bionanotechnology, to bioinspired and DNA nanotechnology, and applications in biosensing, medicine and tissue engineering. Throughout the book, features such as ''Back to basics'' and ''Research report'' boxes enable students to build a strong theoretical knowledge and to link this to practical applications and up-to-date research. With over 200 detailed, full-colour illustrations and more than 100 end-of-chapter problems, this is an essential guide to bionanotechnology for any student studying this exciting, fast-develTrade Review'An excellent textbook for the interdisciplinary field of bionanotechnology. It is comprehensive and accessible to students from a wide variety of scientific backgrounds. The 'Back to Basics' boxes build a common knowledge base, while the 'Research Reports' boxes connect the fundamentals to current research.' Professor George Malliaras, University of Cambridge'Fruk and Krebs provide a well-written and readily accessible text on the emerging topic of Bionanotechnology, elegantly show-casing its trans-disciplinary nature and application impacts. The book's vibrant composition integrating worked examples and solutions fused with highlight applications in the form of research reports, makes it equally attractive for experienced researchers as well as newcomers to the field, including undergraduate students. The key concept sections only increase the well-rounded nature of the book, which is perhaps the most current up-date summary on the market. Mandatory reading - highly recommended.' Professor Christopher Barner-Kowollik, Queensland University of Technology'A really innovative feature of this textbook for advanced undergraduates or graduate students is the inclusion of numerous 'Research Reports' - synopses of recent research publications that quickly introduce both the potential of and the chemical underpinnings enabling the bionanotechnologies surveyed. The breadth of topics and principles covered, including the many 'Back to Basics' mini-introductions will make this a popular textbook for classes covering bionanotechnology in different departments, from chemistry and chemical engineering to materials science, physics, bioengineering and biomedical engineering.' Dr Aaron Lau, University of Strathclyde'When any new discipline surfaces, a new textbook is sure to appear, and this work addresses just such a void … This work, which brings several disciplines together, has much to offer as a teaching tool, and the effort is to be applauded. Though far from recreational reading, the volume offers an overview of the present state and future directions in applied nanobiology that is sure to be useful in the curriculum. A secondary use is as a reference work, and this is indeed a good one … Highly recommended.' F. W. Yow, Choice ConnectTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Introduction to bionanotechnology; 2. Nanomaterials: principles and properties; 3. Nanomaterials: classes and preparation strategies; 4. Biomolecules and scales of biological systems; 5. (Bio)functionalisation of nanomaterials; 6. Analytical methods in bionanotechnology; 7. DNA nanotechnology; 8. Bioinspired nanotechnology; 9. Nanomedicine: biotechnology in medicine; Index.
£57.13
MIT Press Ltd Mobile Microrobotics
Book Synopsis
£58.90
Cambridge University Press The MOS System
Book SynopsisThis detailed and up-to-date guide to modern MOS structures describes important tools, cutting-edge models, novel phenomena and current challenges in measuring and improving the control of future MOS systems for transistor channels. Building up from basic electrostatics, it introduces the ideal MOS system, physical and electrical properties of high-k oxides, their dielectric constants, and energy offsets to semiconductors and metals, before moving on to electrical and physical characterization methods for high-k dielectric materials. Finally, real MOS systems are introduced: high-k dielectrics and interlayers, the influence of phonon dynamics, interface states and bulk traps, effective metal work functions, gate leakage phenomena and high mobility channel materials. Abstract concepts are supported by practical examples and critical comparison, encouraging an intuitive understanding of the principles at work, and presented alongside recent theoretical and experimental results, making thTable of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Basic properties of the MOS system; 3. Basic properties of the gate stack; 4. Electron states at MOS interfaces; 5. Carrier capture at bulk oxide traps; 6. Electrical characterization by Fermi-probe technique; 7. Electrical characterization by thermal action; 8. Characterization of oxide/silicon energy band alignment: internal photoemission and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; 9. Electron spin resonance; 10. MOS systems with silicon dioxide dielectrics; 11. MOS systems with high-k dielectrics; 12. Gate metals and effective work function; 13. Transmission probabilities and current leakage in gate oxides; 14. MOS systems on high-mobility channel materials.
£68.39
Cambridge University Press The Toxicology of Carbon Nanotubes
Book SynopsisThe widespread and increasing use of carbon nanotubes in scientific and engineering research and their incorporation into manufactured goods has urged an assessment of the risks and hazards associated with exposure to them. The field of nanotoxicology studies the toxicology of nanoparticles such as carbon nanotubes and has become a major growth area aimed towards risk assessment of nanoparticles. Compiled by a team of leading experts at the forefront of research, this is the first book dedicated to the toxicology of carbon nanotubes. It provides state-of-the-science information on how and why they are so potentially dangerous if breathed in, including their similarities to asbestos. The book examines various aspects of carbon nanotubes, from their manufacture and aerodynamic behaviour to their effects at molecular level in the lungs. It is invaluable to the many groups involved with research in this area, as well as to regulators and risk assessors.Trade Review"The authors provide state-of-the-science information on how and why carbon nanotubes are potentially dangerous if inhaled, and elaborate on their similarities to asbestos. As such, the book should be instructive to scientists and organizations involved with research in this area, as well as to regulators and risk assessors." American Institute of Chemical EngineersTable of Contents1. Carbon nanotube structure, synthesis and applications C. Singh and W. Song; 2. The aerodynamic behaviour and pulmonary deposition of carbon nanotubes A. Buckley, R. Smith and R Maynard; 3. Utilising the concept of the biologically effective dose to define the particle and fibre hazards of carbon nanotubes K. Donaldson, R. Duffin, F. Murphy and C. Poland; 4. CNT, biopersistence and the fibre paradigm D. Warheit and M. DeLorme; 5. Length-dependent retention of fibres in the pleural space C. Poland, F. Murphy and K. Donaldson; 6. Experimental carcinogenicity of carbon nanotubes in the context of other fibres K. Unfried; 7. Fate and effects of carbon nanotubes following inhalation J. Ryman-Rasmussen, M. Andersen and J. Bonner; 8. Responses to pulmonary exposure to carbon nanotubes V. Castranova and R. Mercer; 9. Genotoxicity of carbon nanotubes R. Schins, C. Albrecht, K. Gerloff and D. van Berlo; 10. Carbon nanotube-cellular interactions; macrophages, epithelial and mesothelial cells V. Stone, M. Boyles, A. Kermanizadeh, J. Varet and H. Johnston; 11. Systemic health effects of carbon nanotubes following inhalation J. McDonald; 12. Dosimetry and metrology of carbon nanotubes L. Tran, L. MacCalman and R. Aitken; Index.
£112.50
Cambridge University Press Fundamentals of Nanomedicine
Book SynopsisThe first introductory book on the subject, this book will provide a complete grounding to this pioneering field for students and professionals across biomedical engineering, biology and medicine. It features a comprehensive overview of original work in this revolutionary field. Topics discussed include drug delivery, cell-material interaction and gene therapy, accompanied by real-world examples and over 100 illustrations. The book teaches readers how to design and test their own nanomedical systems for real-world applications in biomedical engineering, medicine and pharmacy. Presenting a thorough discussion of the science and engineering of nanomedicine, it discusses vital environmental, social and ethical impacts of this revolutionary technology. Including over 200 thought-provoking study questions, allowing the reader to self-assess their understanding, this book is a rich source of information that will be of interest and importance in nanomedicine.Table of Contents1. The need for new perspectives in medicine; 2. Nanomedicine: Single-cell medicine; 3. Targeted drug delivery; 4. Drug delivery cell entry mechanisms; 5. Nanomaterial cores for non-invasive imaging; 6. Attaching biomolecules to nanoparticles; 7. Characterizing nanoparticles; 8. Nanomedicine drug dosing; 9. Nanodelivery of therapeutic genes; 10. Assessing nanomedical therapies at the single-cell level; 11. Nanotoxicity at the single-cell level; 12. Designing nanodelivery systems for in-vivo use; 13. Designing and testing nanomedical devices; 14. Quality assurance and regulatory issues of nanomedicine for the pharmaceutical industry.
£75.04
Cambridge University Press Nanowire Transistors
Book SynopsisFrom quantum mechanical concepts to practical circuit applications, this book presents a self-contained and up-to-date account of the physics and technology of nanowire semiconductor devices. It includes a unified account of the critical ideas central to low-dimensional physics and transistor physics which equips readers with a common framework and language to accelerate scientific and technological developments across the two fields. Detailed descriptions of novel quantum mechanical effects such as quantum current oscillations, the metal-to-semiconductor transition and the transition from classical transistor to single-electron transistor operation are described in detail, in addition to real-world applications in the fields of nanoelectronics, biomedical sensing techniques, and advanced semiconductor research. Including numerous illustrations to help readers understand these phenomena, this is an essential resource for researchers and professional engineers working on semiconductor dTrade Review'This is a very interesting and advanced book that gives a deep introduction to and explanation of the physics behind nanowire transistors … It is well written, organized, and self-explanatory, and can be used as a reference by those who wish to enter into the field of nanowire and nanostructure-based electronics. The book has many up-to-date references and clear and precise text with plenty of figures and diagrams, and therefore is a fundamental resource. … This is a well-organized book wherein the preceding chapters are used as the basis for understanding the following ones. … [It] is suitable for graduate researchers in materials science and semiconductor devices as well as engineers who want deeper insight into the explanation of nanowire-based devices.' Joana Vaz Pinto, MRS BulletinTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Introduction; 2. Multigate and nanowire transistors; 3. Synthesis and fabrication of semiconductor nanowires; 4. Quantum mechanics in one-dimension; 5. Nanowire electronic structure; 6. Charge transport in quasi-1D nanostructures; 7. Nanowire transistor circuits; Index.
£80.74
Cambridge University Press Magnetism in Carbon Nanostructures
Book SynopsisMagnetism in carbon nanostructures is a rapidly expanding field of current materials science. This comprehensive survey of the subject provides an in-depth understanding of both the fundamental nature of the topic, as well as its groundbreaking nanotechnological applications, of interest to anyone studying or working in the field.Trade Review'The aim of this book is to bring together the work of physicists, chemists, and materials scientists in a single, self-contained volume. This overview of current magnetic carbon nanostructure research is aimed primarily toward graduate students and researchers; ideally, readers will have an advanced undergraduate understanding of thermodynamics and quantum mechanics. Taking into account the varied backgrounds of his readers, however, Hagelberg first presents separate introductions to magnetism and carbon nanostructures. The remaining four sections, the book's core material, present intrinsic magnetism, magnetic transport phenomena, and composite materials. The author no doubt had to make some difficult decisions to keep the text to a reasonable length. Any concerns readers may have about scope, however, are ameliorated by a set of thorough appendixes and a website of additional material; the author has posted additional sections that provide deeper, more detailed content.' E. Kincanon, Choice'Hagelberg's interesting volume summarises and explains the progress that has been made in developing and understanding the magnetism found in carbon-containing materials. More than that, Hagelberg puts these new developments into context, carefully explaining the underlying physical principles … This is a thorough and clearly written account of a fast-moving field.' Stephen J. Blundell, Contemporary PhysicsTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Magnetic carbon nanostructures; Part I. Theories and Methods: 2. Basic notions of magnetism; 3. The tools: computational and experimental techniques; Part II. Carbon and its Nanoscale Allotropes: 4. Graphene; 5. Carbon nanotubes; 6. Fullerenes; Part III. Spin Effects in Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes: 7. Magnetic textures at edges and defect sites; 8. Spin-orbit coupling in carbon nanostructures; Part IV. Transport Phenomena: 9. Elements of spintronics; 10. Spin transport in carbon nanostructures; 11. Magnetotransport; Part V. Composite Materials: 12. Impurities; 13. Networks of carbon clusters; 14. Medical applications; Afterword; References; Index.
£128.25
Cambridge University Press Optical Effects in Solids
Book SynopsisAn overview of the optical effects in solids, addressing the physics of various materials and their response to electromagnetic radiation. The discussion includes metals, semiconductors, superconductors, and insulators. The book begins by introducing the dielectric function into Maxwell''s macroscopic equations and finding their plane-wave solution. The physics governing the dielectric function of various materials is then covered, both classically and using basic quantum mechanics. Advanced topics covered include interacting electrons, the anomalous skin effect, anisotropy, magneto-optics, and inhomogeneous materials. Each subject begins with a connection to the basic physics of the particular solid, after which the measurable optical quantities are derived. It allows the reader to connect measurements (reflectance, optical conductivity and dielectric function) with the underlying physics of solids. Methods of analysing experimental data are addressed, making this an ideal resource foTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Introduction; 2. Maxwell's equations and plane waves in matter; 3. The complex dielectric function and refractive index; 4. Classical theories for the dielectric function; 5. Phonons; 6. A look at real solids; 7. Transmission and reflection; 8. Free-electron metals; 9. Optical excitations: quantum mechanics; 10. Kramers–Kronig relations and sum rules; 11. Superconductors; 12. Semiconductors and insulators; 13. Strongly interacting solids; 14. Nonlocal effects; 15. Anisotropic crystals; 16. Magneto-optics; 17. Inhomogeneous materials; Appendices; References; Index.
£72.19
Cambridge University Press Modeling Nanowire and DoubleGate Junctionless FieldEffect Transistors
Book SynopsisThe first book on the topic, this is a comprehensive introduction to the modeling and design of junctionless field effect transistors (FETs). Beginning with a discussion of the advantages and limitations of the technology, the authors also provide a thorough overview of published analytical models for double-gate and nanowire configurations, before offering a general introduction to the EPFL charge-based model of junctionless FETs. Important features are introduced gradually, including nanowire versus double-gate equivalence, technological design space, junctionless FET performances, short channel effects, transcapacitances, asymmetric operation, thermal noise, interface traps, and the junction FET. Additional features compatible with biosensor applications are also discussed. This is a valuable resource for students and researchers looking to understand more about this new and fast developing field.Table of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Review on modeling junctionless FETs; 3. The EPFL charge-based model of junctionless field-effect transistors; 4. Model driven design – space of junctionless FETs; 5. Generalization of the charge based model: accounting for inversion layers; 6. Predicted performances of junctionless FETs; 7. Short channel effects in symmetric junctionless double-gate FETs; 8. Modeling AC operation in symmetric double-gate and nanowire JL FETs; 9. Modeling asymmetric operation of double-gate junctionless FETs; 10. Modeling noise behavior in junctionless FETs; 11. Carrier mobility extraction methodology in JL and inversion mode FETs; 12. Revisiting the Junction FET: a junctionless FET with an ∞ gate capacitance; 13. Modeling junctionless FET with interface traps targeting biosensor applications; Appendix A. Design – space of twin gate junctionless vertical slit FETs; Appendix B. Transient off-current in junctionless FETs; Appendix C. Derivatives of mobile charge density with respect to VGS and VDS; Appendix D. Global charge density at drain in depletion mode; Appendix E. Global charge density at drain in accumulation mode; Appendix F. The EPFL Junctionless MODEL ver.1.0.
£122.55
Cambridge University Press NonlinearEmission Photonic Glass Fiber and Waveguide Devices
Book SynopsisThis book presents a comprehensive introduction to the design of compact and broadband fiber and waveguide devices using active-ion-doped photonic glasses. Combining cutting-edge theory with new applications, it shows how the complementarity of emission spectra of different active ions can be used in broadband fiber amplifiers and optical fiber communication, and describes how the quantum cutting of active ions can improve the match between the solar spectrum and the responsiveness of silicon cells. Mathematical modeling is used to predict the performance of photonic fiber and waveguide devices, and experimental data from glass doped with rare-earth ions is included. Offering unique insights into the state-of-the-art of the field, this is an ideal reference for researchers and practitioners, and invaluable reading for students in optoelectronics, electrical engineering, and materials science.Table of Contents1. Mathematical fundamentals of nonlinear-emission photonic fibers and waveguides; 2. Fundamentals spectral theory of photonic glasses; 3. Spectral properties of ytterbium-doped glasses; 4. Compact fiber amplifiers; 5. Photonic glass fiber laser; 6. Broadband fiber amplifiers and sources; 7. Photonic glass waveguides for spectral conversion; 8. Photonic glass waveguides for white light generation; Appendix 1; Appendix 2; Index.
£88.34
